Hello friends welcome back to another episode here on the channel I hope you're all doing great and for anyone new to the channel My name is Lee also known as Osiris in today's episode We are gonna be continuing on with a VGC series 9 content and featuring a very unique Pokemon that we've not played here on the Channel before but it is as you can see on your screen after Zalt and one of the fossil Pokemon that was introduced with sword and shield and The main reason for kind of using it is because it does get the hidden ability slush rush Which doubles its speed as long as the hail is on the field now We do have a hail user within nine tails a lot of nine tails And it can provide a lot of support obviously with Auroraville and some other cheeky texts that we've got on there That we'll go on to later on the team rest of the supporting cast is going to be made up of incineroar type of finny Obviously kind of staples in this format give us the terrain give us intimidate support and give us nice switches as well Especially for that Octo Zalt and then we've got stack attacker It is primarily going to be our trick room kind of Pokemon kind of counteract trick room if we want or set it up or reverse it Whatever a stack attack it does pretty well And it does decently well against most of the fire threats in the format that are going to give Octo Zalt a little bit of an Issue so to speak and then we're running off the team with Dragapult one of the fastest offensive Pokemon in the format And it pairs up nicely with that a lot of nine tails as well because we do have the weakness policy on it there So it gives us really fast offensive option if we need it especially with the ice shard from Alolan nine tails As always the poker paste is down in the description. We'll have a couple of games with the team now Hopefully it's a lot of fun and we'll wrap up with the rental code at the end of the episode So hope you enjoyed today's episode Let me know if you've been trying out Octo Zalt though because it is an interesting Pokemon Especially with that slush rush but without further ado friends. Let's get into our first match of today Okay, first we've got Z playing a team of of What is it pin church in regi a lecky laparice incinero or shifu and whimsicott I want to say pukimuku there, but it's not it's not quite the same But pin church in gonna bring the terrain obviously helping out the regi a lecky given a really fast offensive kind of mod to the team But they do have laparice as well And the one thing that the terrain and octo Zalt probably like to see is that terrain of these the electric Terrain and the laparice which you can do a lot of work against and We've got to watch out for tailwind on the whimsicott it is gonna be able to kind of get the tailwind up pretty freely We could lead incineroat to kind of get around that fake up pressure there The intimidates gonna be nice against something like in the the urshifu Mitigates the kind of incineroar lead from my opponent as well. It gives us a nice pivot out onto the laparice I kind of yeah, you know incineroar makes a lot of sense here We could go octo Zalt as well. The only problem is with leading octo Zalt is that I'd feel like Incineroar will come out and it can cause us a few issues, but We'll go with it. Anyway, we'll bring nine tails as well Actually, you know what? I'll lead nine tails. I'm gonna bring incineroar on the back I think it's a better switch in general and then we will go with type of finny Which I feel probably gives us a nice way to change the terrain if we need it And it gives us a good switch into things like laparice and also the urshifu as well So let's see how we get on this first one. Hopefully it's a good one because you know I was thinking about putting the octo Zalt team together and I was like Is it gonna work? Can it work? We needed to work for the video for obviously for the episode And if it does obviously then it's great because you guys can go and have fun on the ladder with it and hopefully and it inspires some ideas and things like that, but We've got to get through this laparice first which seems like on first appearance leading with the whims of cut You've got the tailwind there. It appears as though it will be tailwind and a very offensive laparice probably life-al So it's gonna be able to get it to raw reveal up But we're gonna be able to get our raw reveal up as well And we can also go for a max lightning Which might not be a bad idea to one because I don't feel super threatened by the the laparice here the only issue would be if we went for a raw reveal and They go for the the geyser the big geyser which would stop us being able to to get our veil up I'm gonna try and get it up. I'm gonna hope they go for the resonance turn one But we'll see we'll see we'll see what they go for I mean gone for the resonance turn one makes a lot of sense But against two ice types unless they're mistakenly Thinking the octopus all is a dragon type, which you know you could easily mistake it for I guess I've done it myself, so I Can't blame anyone else that does and in this situation it would work out pretty well for us But we'll see how much this bald beak does we've got the life up on On our results, so we should be doing some good damage again that electric train up now is always gonna be useful Especially for that next turn, you know Right well, let's see it's gonna be a laparice gonna be the Gigantamax Pokemon which makes you know all the sense in the world here It's weird as well because we like wimmy laparice isn't a combination that we've seen I don't like that I personally haven't seen for a long time, so It's quite nice to kind of see it back in action I do like the combination a lot the fast offensive laparice is always quite threatening there is the tailwind Let's see what it's gonna go for The guys out here Yeah, it makes a lot of sense. I'm going after the nine tails as well. Yeah, just to waste our aurora veil Do I mind us going for that? Not particularly because we're gonna be able to you can see the life up there So it's fine our aurora veil does fail, but our shivering Octo's alt is gonna be able to do some Massive damage, so that's good. And what we could do the next turn is Do we just save the weather for later, maybe It's a difficult one because do I go after the laparice here because they're gonna go at resonance for sure It's whether or not I go max hail storm into The wimmy or not, but I still have to switch. I think yeah, I think what we'll do is Do we just go after? I'm not too worried about the wimmy here. I want to get rid of the wimmy the next turn I think so we'll go after the laparice and we will switch into Let's switch into Finney because I don't want them to go for another geyser and Incinerate caught up by that and I think intimidate and fake out be more useful late game with knowing what they've got in the back You know things like Urshifu Stuff like that and we can make sure they would get rid of the whims are caught the next turn Anyway, regardless of what happens and they go for the max guard. Okay Should have went for this turn never mind never mind It's this women gonna do then energy ball Okay, well the air the old Incinero switch there would have been the better one, but you can't always rely on whimsicott not having energy ball I Think what we've got to do here is go after the whimsicott because we don't want another tailwind going up That's the big big big thing for us now. We could go for a calm mind Could go for a calm mind We could just go for a moonblast They're gonna go for a resonance whatever so I think yeah, they go for the resonance They have to go for it this turn they could go for thunder, but it doesn't really help them out a massive amount. I Think at this point in time. It's better for us if we Just get rid of the whimsicott get rid of the tailwind and then we can utilize the slush rush later on in this in this game They are gonna see a switcheroo, which is not ideal. It's not gonna be any jack button a lagging tail on to Finney okay, I mean out of everything that's like way better because The one I think it's a little bit of a misplay from my opponent Can you kind of want to take a life up off the old girls old and you definitely want to To give it the lagging tail so then the slush rush isn't really an issue anymore and type of Finney with it Doesn't really matter too much To be honest and we'll get the max hail storm into this women I'll take it down to a sash, which we know it actually doesn't have anymore. So it's just gonna be a clean kill So it's a bit. Yeah, it's not ideal But I mean we're still in a decent spot this next term with the tailwind running out. We've still got Nine tails in the back if the weather does change although, you know, we've just set it up for ourselves So we've got that slush rush going they have got the resonance up So we've got to keep that in mind for this next turn or the next five you would say because they have got the life up So, um, I think we'll be well at the minute You can't say it's still pretty early on in the game But I feel good about the position that we're in right now, especially with Reggie lecky coming on to the field Because that's their tailwind ran out. It should have done. The one problem is we want outspeed Reggie lecky With or does all that's the only issue. So let's see and they've got one turn a tailwind left, okay Well, we can just go stomp in tantrum and I think we just protect the finny here The interesting to see what this lapras decides to do does it go after or does alt Because the Reggie like he's not really gonna be able to touch the or goes or or does alt It's such a mouthful as well of a Pokemon, you know At least I think it is But we'll see we'll see what my opponent is deciding to do here Like what does he got in the back as well? They must have I think they've probably got a ship to that'll be my bet but Don't tell I don't I'm gonna be surprised if they just let us take the lecky down here, though Come for the Thunderbolt are they going for the double up? Okay? Well that makes sense The blizzard And blizzard can we take it though? That's the thing the life or will take down the lapras We just need one hit Okay Yeah, the lapras gone we do take the double up Then you could have attacked here, but we were too we were too scared to go for the attack Octos all wow not even getting claws to a knockout onto the Reggie lecky, which is Okay The resonance there. That's the why that's the reason why the resonance. I'm still surprised though You know with a life or we should be doing more super effective and the last Pokemon is in Cyril, which? Yeah, it makes me way more reliant on Protecting this finny to deal with the Incinero here Okay, let's protect Let's Do we just sack nine? I think we just sack nine tails now Yeah, let's just sack nine tails We just need to pretty much get rid of this a lecky, which we could potentially do with with our own incinerole Intimidates not great onto octos all especially with the resonance up We do see the faker come into that slot and we'll probably see a thunderbolt Yeah into the nine tails, which then gives us a free switch into our own incinerole here So we've got the option then to go maybe bald beak Into the opposing incinero And Maybe double up into the incinerole this next turn, you know with a fake out into it unless the regi a lecky's like Specs Potentially could be should we just play it safer that is the safest option here is just to go for a fake out into the Regi lecky and then just attack into incinerole Probably bald beaks our best option here and Then just fake out I think yeah just in case it is bex because you can never you never know do you it is gonna pull the protect out But you know the other option is we go for the fake out and then the double up into the incinerole We still have octos all the next turn which definitely could help us out, but See how much this does It's a decent amount. It's a decent amount now. We will use octos all but We're gonna be in a good spot to Okay, the flare blitz coming out which is fine Take that pretty comfortably and There's this citrus berry Okay Like we're not like all we need to do is protect finny and then we go after the Regi Regi a lecky and it's kind of done Like I don't feel like Regi a lecky's gonna be able to take down incinerole this next turn Especially with the figgy berry here like that even the double up from the incinerole and the a lecky probably isn't gonna be enough The only issue is with the the type of finny is we've got the lagging tail, so It's gonna it's gonna well depends what they the incinerole's got if it's got something like snarl We could it could see this drag out a little bit more obviously with the leftovers that we had on there They were definitely more useful in this sort of situation, but we haven't got it We're just gonna lock into that flare blitz and we'll see you hopefully it should be should be enough to get rid of the a lecky and The incinerole kind of still sticks around On our side of the field at least Obviously the citrus berry on my opponent's incinerole making things a little bit tricky Still a bit confused as to where the lagging tail We just about take it And we get this the air will get the flare blitz and I think this might just take us over into our figgy But maybe can we take three HP? damage You do and it procs the berry so there we go. That's perfect for us And it's gonna be flare blitz versus flare blitz and muddy water Which we've got which definitely helps us out and then going for a flare blitz as well, which is which is fine and Just makes the recall a little bit easier for us to manage the opposing incinerole as the hill does stop And we'll be able to wrap this one up an arc dissolved Coming out on top after this first one, which is good Yeah, I'm still a little confused with the lagging tail, of course I think Going and switching it with the arc does all would have made a bit more sense than the type of finny But it then again taking the leftovers off the finny is always a good thing You know so a very good game to my opponent and nice one for us to kick off with today And we'll jump straight into a second game of today's episode came next We've got an Urshifu a colossal incinerole, Rillaboom, Reggie, Alecki and Glastria team So you can pretty much bank on it being a G max colossal team We've got probably the rapid strike Urshifu there a good supporting cast the regulars in incinerole with the intimidate Obviously fake out support pivot support Good switching for Glastria as well And then you've got the Rillaboom as well which helps deal with those pesky water types Reggie Alecki just gonna be a fast offensive Pokemon that you can utilize to use a speed control With electro web and just be a very fast offensive kind of threat And then Glastria kind of round and off the team The ice core doesn't feel so great here Although now the ice core doesn't doesn't not does not feel great as a lead Because the colossal just absolutely eats us for breakfast And there's not really any way I mean We could lead we could lead incinerole aug result and then have nine tails in the back and then have like tapu finny And that might work But are we leaving ourselves short anywhere? I mean I could I can see that working so I think Because this is all about aug result. I think that's what we do here the problem would be is If we kind of commit early on to dynamax and aug result too early on And they lead with Urshifu and they just protect turn one and we max and then we're in a terrible position Turned to where they've got the easy aqua jet max Steam engine weakness policy and things go downhill very quickly from there It's why you kind of want to tend to lead with like tapu finny in these sort of matchups But as you can see from my opponent's lead potentially why they're not leading with that that pairing because Tapu finny is kind of the obvious thing that we would lead and they're leading to kind of counteract that which makes a Lot of sense. It's in the Glastria and the Regi Alecki come out for my opponent now We could hmm They're gonna max the Glastria. I don't know I mean, we've got to be very wary about a max quake for sure That's something that we can't really get away from and do they just switch the Regi Alecki out I mean, what do they bring in for it? I mean probably in cinema, right? We could make some Do we go for the max and just start throwing damage down to the board I mean max quake's gonna be good I think we go for it and we'll just go for it even though I could see incinero from my opponent coming in They're still gonna take a lot of damage, you know from you know, they're probably gonna vault switch out We'll see the incinero come in but the incinero still even at minus one I'm gonna take a lot of damage from the the max quake from our result And it might put us in a position where we're gonna be able to pick up the knockout onto the next turn And if you think that the incinero is probably coming in there, it's unlikely that we see colossal As my opponent's kind of main option. So let's see Regi Alecki just protecting Okay, so this kind of working out all right for us up to this point And Glastria is protecting as well. Okay double protect just burning turns of our max and preventing us from getting that parting shot off Which is an ideal but the special defense boost is is really useful for us and Because I think the next turn what we do. I don't know if we go for I don't know if we go for the The quake again. I mean we could go for the quake again Just it's more likely that my opponent pulls Yeah Do we go for the bald beak? Now the only thing that the bald beak wouldn't be good against would be the Rillaboo But the bald beak will like the max light and we'll get Regi Alecki for sure here It gets a terrain up as well. And then with the terrain up We don't need to worry about the the the Regi Alecki in on the field colossal. Okay Not what we want to see but the parting shot there is really useful I'm gonna be like super useful as we see of all switch come out Come on be Urshifu be Urshifu, please because then we can switch into nine tails We can get rid of the Urshifu super quick Especially if the bald beak goes into it, and then we just parting shot out get nine tails in get the hail up and Baba Urshifu even if you've got a sash You're not getting through this turn and then you lose your way To set up that that pesky colossal that we don't like to see okay. Well, there's a sash this works out perfectly, okay? It's not over though. It's not over by any means You know because the colossal is still such a threat to us Even if it's like parting shot minus one residual damage At least it can't have that instant set up with the steam engine which is which makes things a little bit easier for us for sure Get the nine tails in we need to Okay, and that that will deal that will deal with that Urshifu Snow warning comes up, which is nice because now we can get our roll reveal up the next turn We've got a slush rush ability active We're sitting in a pretty nice spot to be honest We could go Blizzard we could go Aurora veil with nine tails this next turn But I think we definitely go for a max quick into that colossal. Whatever we do The interesting is the Alec you're gonna come in here. Yep I'm gonna try and get some damage on to the the nine tails. I think Yeah, we max quick into the colossal and we'll go for an Aurora veil because it's gonna be useful I think just the just to have that additional Defense gone going forward. We see the electric trains up, but nine tails not Mega worried at this point because we've got the sash.  Well, we're gonna proc the weakness policy I don't know if we're gonna be able to pick up the knockout though.  Yeah before they can attack and we're gonna be faster than Pretty much. Well, everything on my opponent. So they feel gone into this next turn. It's Jimx player. Okay Well, we're still gonna be faster Because they haven't got there they haven't got their The steam engine I should why was my brain so slow today? I don't know what it is like I've been and this last week I've been away at my parents for the first time in a long time. So it's been really nice And I've done nothing for the whole week. No Pokemon. No, like I've been barely on social media Which feels really strange So spend like the last day and a half catching up trying to catch up with everything And obviously had to prioritize getting a content out for you guys today It is a bit late. I appreciate that It's not really I mean we just stomping tantrum It's not really much my opponent can do now and I mean we just fake out as well Just the the big key in this match was getting rid of the ocean food like we did You know the ocean food coming in us covering bases with that bald peak It really just made it very difficult for my opponent to kind of get any momentum from there And I think you know if the ocean food comes in a little bit later or at a different point The match could be totally different because you know how like devastating colossal can be yet We're gonna see the max guard makes a lot of sense I want to just try and get through this turn and it will double the power of our stomping tantrum I believe I think well, normally if you're hitting to protect, I don't know if it works into max guard But I mean we're in a great spot here Just to go for the stomping tantrum and just to flablet especially boosted by the sun We should be able to get the glass rain won't hit if the the alecky decides to pop in then we'll get that Stomping tantrum gonna pick up the knockout onto the colossal Yeah, and just not really allow it to get get set up or do anything And I think you know that the games that we've had today like Octozalt's done amazingly well like I don't think I could have wished for two better games for To feature it in honestly. It's it's been an amazing Pokemon We are gonna be left with the red alecky the electric terrain is up on the field Incineroar now gonna be threatened by that but Shivering quaking Good old octopus is gonna be able to close this one out for us pretty pretty easily so we'll go for the stomping We'll go for don't even need to bother parting shot We'll just go for a flablet Incineroar is probably gonna go down here unless they go after the octozalt But we just see the battle cancel it and very good game to my opponent like I say There's not one key moment with the the getting rid of the ocean food there And I think as well not seeing Incineroar and that match made it a lot easier for us to where to kind of get going with Octo fish because I Octozalt because I think with intimidate kind of cycling It makes it very difficult to kind of keep up the momentum with the the attack power that you need It's not the strongest of Pokemon because he needs the life up to boost it there But it worked out in the end and we had two really good games So we'll jump over now and get you all the rental code for today's team Okay friends here is today's rental code and if you do try it out I hope you have a lot of fun with it octozalt is definitely a very fun Pokemon very unique type Pokemon as well, you know So definitely give it a shot if you've got time and you're interested And I think ice is always gonna be a very cool type to a kind of an archetype to kind of play around with as well So shimmy didn't really get to see too much of the dragon pull today or the stack attacker But we kind of got to see the main element of the team that it was built around initially Which was the octozalt and you can see how well it kind of performed in these two matches Which was amazing like I've said I couldn't really ask for two better games to kind of feature and showcase octozalt in so hopefully it's enough for you guys That have watched it to have a little bit of inspiration or just feel the need to go and try it because if you do as always Please leave a comment down below Let me know your thoughts on the build if you've been playing around with it already or if you plan to or if It's helped inspire any ideas for your own team builds because that's the big thing I hope you're still all enjoying series nine at the minute We're kind of getting really underway with it There's lots of tournaments going on all the time and just in other news We've started a draft league over on a discord server So we'll be featuring matches from that in the coming week over well probably this week Later this week into next week with the the first and second rounds from them because we've got a lot of the content Being recorded from our players, which is great So we'll be able to do that as well as our main kind of VG stuff as well And I'll be starting streaming so keep an eye out on my socials Twitter Here on YouTube I'll post out when I am going to be doing some streaming which will be very soon So as always, thank you so much for tuning into today's episode. I hope you've enjoyed it I hope you all keep them well and make sure you do take care of yourselves I'll see you all for another episode very soon. So until then friends take care of yourselves and bye. Bye


The Global Cyber Threat Environment, Module 10, Understanding the Iranian Mindset. Objectives. Once you have completed the readings, lecture, activity, and assessment, you will be able to describe how the Shia sect of Islam developed. Articulate the role of the Shah in modern Iran. Welcome to Global Cyber Threat Environment, Module 10. The title of this module is Understanding the Iranian Mindset and will be given by our guest lecturer, Professor Nadia Jelani-Heiler. Professor Jelani holds a master's degree in political science from the University of South Carolina and is currently finishing her doctoral dissertation at the same institution. She currently teaches courses in international relations and international security studies at Augusta University. And her research focuses on the nexus between international political economy and international security, particularly within the regions of the Middle East and North Africa. The history of the Iranian region can be traced back to prehistory. If you remember back to your world history classes, that quote unquote cradle of civilization, the river valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, what is modern day Iraq, is very close to modern day Iran. Many of the great empires of the ancient and modern worlds rose and fell over Iran. Indians have a rich history that they pride and perhaps that fuels a feeling of entitlement to regional power and control. But the history of powerful empires is also tempered with the history of marginalization and persecution of the Shiite minority in Islam. The Shiites emerged shortly after the death of the Prophet Muhammad, more as a political party at the time that supported the leadership of the Prophet's cousin Ali. There was this rift between the believers in Arabia who wanted to see the line of succession pass through the Prophet's family, the Shia. And those who argued that such a monarchical approach to succession went against the Prophet's own teachings. This group, the Sunnis, selected Muhammad's best friend Abu Bakr as the leader. Eventually a familial dynasty did emerge, the Umayyad dynasty, which was the first great Islamic empire. And in an effort to secure their control, the Umayyads ended up slaughtering the companions of the Prophet Muhammad's grandson Hussein, who was still challenging the Umayyad control of the empire. This event is commemorated every year in the Shia holiday of Ashura. In addition to repressing the Shia, who were largely Arab at the time, the Umayyads also repressed non-Arabs within their empire. The majority of Iranians are ethnically Persian, not Arab. As such, they would have been treated as second-class citizens within the Umayyad empire. The Shia sect of Islam grew out of this belief that the bloodline of the Prophet Muhammad, the leaders became known as Imams, had semi-divine qualities and were the true religious leaders after the Prophet's death. The most prominent sect of Shiaism are called the Twelvers. They believed that there were 12 Imams whose teachings should be followed in addition to the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad. The Prophet himself came to prominence as both a religious and political leader, and this helps explain the support of Ayatollah Khomeini as the post-revolutionary leader in Iran. So let's talk more about modern events in Iran. After World War II, the governing structure in Iran is like a monarchy. The Shia, Muhammad Reza Palavi, was installed at a relatively young age after his father was deposed by Britain in the Soviet Union. The young Shia reinstated the Iranian parliament, the Majlis, allowing some form of democratic elections to take place. And in 1951, Muhammad Masadegh was appointed prime minister by the National Front, which was the most powerful party in Iran at the time. Masadegh was pro-democracy, critical of the Shia's ultimate control, secularist, which clashed with Iran's spiritual leadership, Ayatollah Khomeini, who was also the speaker of the parliament at the time, and his main goal was to nationalize the Anglo-Iranian oil company. This goal had widespread support within Iran, but the British were not willing to budge an inch on their control of Iranian oil. Now, a few years prior to this, the U.S. had agreed to share a Saudi oil revenue 50-50, and Iran wanted Britain to follow suit. But years after failed negotiations, Iran nationalized the oil, and Britain, in response, instituted a powerful embargo on Iranian oil. They pressured all their allies to follow suit. The embargo resulted in instability in Iran, but not in Masadegh's removal from office. He was widely seen as a patriot and a hero of the Iranian people for standing up to Imperial Britain. But he was also starting to make decisions that were in opposition to his earlier pro-democracy image. He used the instability to amass more power in his role as prime minister, and eventually dissolved the modules altogether, and this was a move that was widely seen as authoritarian. The Shah actually supported the nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian oil company and attempted to stand by his prime minister, but the British and the Americans wanted Masadegh out. Britain wanted to regain control of its lucrative oil industry in Iran, and they convinced the U.S. that Masadegh was being unduly influenced by the communists in Iran. Now, this was the beginning of the Cold War. The U.S. was fighting a war in Korea against the communists, and allowing the Soviet Union to gain control of one of the world's largest oil reserves was not an option for the U.S. We agreed to help Britain depose of Masadegh, and the CIA operation Ajax was how we did it. The Shah issued a statement removing Masadegh from office and installing a loyal general, General Zahady, as prime minister. Masadegh rejected the statement, imprisoned the messenger, and continued to rule in Iran. Masadegh's supporters took to the streets in protest of the attempted coup, and the Shah fled the country. The U.S. hired Iranians to pose as members of the Communist Party and also as anti-Masadegh protesters.  In response, the anti-Masadegh-slash-pro-sha protesters whipped up support of average Iranians who were aghast at the actions of this quote-unquote communist revolution and wanted a return to stability. Zahady got the military involved as well and stormed the government buildings, resulting in Masadegh fleeing this time and eventually turning himself in. The Shah returned, allowed international companies access to Iranian oil reserves, and violently repressed the Iranian population with his new American-trained security forces, also known as the Sabak. The Shah quickly gained the reputation of a Western puppet. He owed his position to the U.S. and Great Britain. Underground movements emerged in opposition to the Shah from two main areas, the leftists-slash-communists and the religious clerics. The religious establishment in Iran has usually maintained a prestigious role throughout Iranian history. They were involved in an early push toward democratization in the early 1900s when that majlis was first created, and many within the religious establishment opposed the Shah's repressive measures. An international human rights group reported that the number of political prisoners in Iran jumped from around 100 in 1970 to 5,000 by 1976. The Shah was also increasingly using torture against his political prisoners, and this heavy-handed repression was contributing to a resistance movement at home, fomented by the religious political sermons of the exiled Ayatollah Khomeini. Khomeini was a well-respected religious scholar who had made a name for himself within the religious establishment. He had also made a name for himself politically by openly criticizing the Shah during a sermon on the Holy Day of Ashura. He was subsequently detained but only escalated his criticism of the Shah and the U.S. Khomeini ended up in exile, first in Iraq and later in Paris. He continued to criticize the Shah in famous sermons that were recorded on cassette tapes and disseminated across Iran. This new technology allowed for quick and inexpensive reproduction of recorded material. The cassette tapes were small and easy to hide or alter or dispose of if need be. Khomeini's message was one of an Islamic revolution that would sweep the nation and return Iran to the proper course. Central to his political philosophy was the idea of the Valayatefaki, or Governance of the Jurist. He argued that the government should be carried out according to Islamic law, and there was no one better suited to that job than the religious establishment. The Iranian people were sick of the repressive government of the Shah and the lack of economic opportunity that existed in Iran. By 1978, the underground rumblings of opposition broke into a full-on revolution. Mass protests resulted in violent responses by the government, but the more Iranians who died in these protests, the larger the next protests would be. And this vicious circle of violence resulted in the Shah fleeing Iran once again in January of 1979, never to return. With the Shah gone, a power vacuum opened up, and Khomeini, lauded as the architect of the revolution, flew into Tehran to fill the void. Khomeini quickly worked to purge the government of Shah loyalists and install his own supporters in key roles. He also promoted Islamization of Iranian society. Well-known secularists were jailed, were removed from key positions. Educational curriculum took on a more religious tone, and Khomeini worked to create a new government structure that installed him as the supreme leader, the head of the government. In October of 1979, the U.S. granted entrance to the Shah for medical treatment. This reminded the Iranian people of the U.S. involvement in Operation Ajax in the 50s and resulted in an immediate outcry. Iranians wanted the Shah extradited back to Iran to stand trial. On November 4th, a group of student revolutionaries stormed the U.S. Embassy in Iran and took the embassy staff hostage. They demanded the Shah in return for the U.S. embassy hostages, and the U.S. refused. This standoff lasted 444 days, with the U.S. hostages often mistreated and disrespected by their captors. Internationally, the hostage crisis resulted in Iran becoming a pariah state. The Iranians had broken a huge diplomatic taboo. You don't mess with an embassy. The U.S. and many of our allies once again placed sanctions on Iranian oil. And the Iranian financial assets were frozen by the U.S. government. The hostage crisis officially ended January 20, 1981, with the signing of the Algiers Accord. The same day Ronald Reagan was sworn in as the President of the United States. Iran was already embroiled in a war with Iraq. U.S.-Iranian relations have been strained ever since. That money that was frozen in response to the hostage crisis was only recently released back to Iran after the nuclear deal negotiated under the Obama administration. During the Bush administration, Iran was included in the quote-unquote axis of evil, a designation that also included Iraq and North Korea, which described countries that sponsored terrorism and seek weapons of mass destruction. The Iranian nuclear program, which Iran always claimed was in place for non-military purposes, as well as their support for Hezbollah, a designated terrorist organization in Lebanon, earned them the title. Today, it's largely understood that Iran sees itself as a regional power and feels the need to balance against Saudi Arabia. Iran has a hand in a number of conflicts in the region, including Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Yemen. And Iran and Israel also have a strained relationship with the current Ayatollah Khomeini, calling Israel a quote-unquote cancerous tumor, and former President Ahmadinejad calling for it to be quote-unquote by Dothamat. Israel sees the Iranian nuclear program as an existential threat. In addition, Iranian support for Hezbollah indirectly undermines the safety of Israeli citizens. Iranians criticize Israel for their treatment of the Palestinians in territories that Israel controls. Iran has also been accused of providing weapons and funding to Hamas, another designated terrorist organization located in the Palestinian territories. Iran, True or False The Shia sect of Islam has little importance in modern Iran. A. True B. False The answer is B. False Quiz Question 2, True or False By the mid-1970s, the Shah of Iran had become fiercely anti-United States and worked to bring Ayatollah Khomeini into power. A. True B. False The answer is B. False Activity, using websites like the CIA's World Factbook, build a presentation about modern-day Iran, include such facts as the country's population, breakdown of ethnicities and GDP, what industries and natural resources are most prominent in Iran's economy, who are its largest trading partners, what type of government does Iran have, who are the main political power brokers, include an assessment of what the future holds for Iran, do you believe that the Islamic Republic will continue to exist indefinitely, or is the Islamic government weak and susceptible to revolution?


This is Mrs. Anna and her daughter-in-law Therese. They came from Maryland. As you can see, Mama was sitting in this wheelchair using it for over five years because of arthritis and hit pain that she was having. It was very, very bad. She couldn't walk more than two steps without having to sit down because the pain was so excruciating. Beside me is my mother-in-law. We came from Maryland and we came because she's been having a problem with her hip for like five years. Since I met her, that problem started.  She has never given up on praying and believing that one day God will help us. She received prayer last night, got up out of the wheelchair and suddenly felt no more pain. Now she can walk, is not using the wheelchair. Come on, come on, come on church. We're sitting over there when the mother of God came over and laid his hands on her. I was just praying, my heart, that God take control. Do what only you can do.  She started walking. Before I knew it, she was jumping. I could not contain the joy. My heart is so full of joy right now. I can't even talk. Thank you Jesus. My advice to people, when you get the solution is to seek God. Don't run from left and right. Depend on God until God will do it as he has done to me in Jesus' name.


Education is under attack in Nigeria, with mass school abductions being reported every other month. And it's at a time like this the country joined the rest of the world yesterday to mark the International Day to Protect Education from Attack, plus TV Africa's Ngoziqa Ahoyhsi reports. It's a few days to the resumption of a new academic year, and the management of Reddit and school is putting things in place to welcome students back. The academic coordinator Adeola Adecerono tells me that one of the major concerns is the safety of students due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The children's welfare is of importance to us, so the first thing we're going to do is ensure that the children come with their COVID pack, which will contain their face mask and their hand sanitizers. COVID-19 aside, it's pretty easy to go to school in Lagos, where public basic education is free, and private schools, although relatively expensive, are accessible. The concerns are different in Northern Nigeria, where school enrollment is low and attacks on schools are increasing. Education is very accessible in Lagos states because if you look everywhere, by time you move to one street to another, you see a school. But in the Northern states, due to the banditry like you mentioned, a lot of schools have had to shut down because of the kidnapping and the insurgency and the banditry. No fewer than 1,400 students have been kidnapped from their schools in Northern Nigeria since March 2020. According to SBM Intelligence, 17 teachers have been adopted, 16 people killed and more than 200 million are paid in ransom since then. As a result of that, some states have been forced to close schools. Confident McHurry is the security analyst at SBM Intelligence Lagos. Provide better security for the schools in these areas who need to root out insecurity in these particular areas and bring government close to the people. But right now, it is seeming like an off field task. Honestly, without security, education cannot continue. It can't happen. It's not rocket science. It's evident that education in Nigeria is under attack and as the world marks this day, parents, educationists and every concerned citizen wishes authority can do better to protect our schools. Education can be a door opener and social leveler. For Plus TV Africa, Ngozika, Ohio, Chessie. Thank you, Ngozika, for that report and like it was rightly mentioned, Thursday, September 9th was the international day to protect education from attack. To commemorate that day, the United Nations humanitarian coordinator, Edward Callan, put out a speech condemning the incident attacks on schools in Nigeria. He noted that 1.3 million children have been impacted by the attacks on schools in the country. Jigda Johnson, chief lecturer in Nigeria Institute of Journalism, thanks for joining us again. It's a pleasure to be with you. My first question is, we know these are almost a reality, like a daily reality in Nigeria, the attack on school children. But why does it seem that we need foreigners or do we need foreigners to tell us to sit up before we do? Well, that means that the future is destroyed. That's the stark reality because if the educational sector is truncated as a result of security challenges, as a result of incoherent government policies, and as a result of human factors that could be addressed by decisive leadership, the future is already truncated. That's just the reality. For example, in Cardinal State, third time has been cancelled, the students have been directed to resume on September 12, and in that same state, we saw a situation whereby people that operate private business in terms of investing in the educational sector, left alone when you are faced with security challenges of boundary tree and kidnapping of their students. You saw the figure of which your correspondence provided. You took a throne and two million pedas, as well as also is the future of the country that is at stake, because you turn up a child today, and then you secure the future. Refuse to turn up a child today, and you destroy the future, so we don't need any suit here to let us know that this factor will affect our economy. We affect our nation, both from political, economic, psychological perspective. You'll recall that in Nigeria as a result of the south being advanced in education, more than the north, we created a different type of system in terms of quota system, in terms of educationally disadvantaged, in order to close the gap between the north and the south. And then during the course of the week, we had the governor of Cardinal State saying that as a result of these advantages, this special treatment that I've been given to not our students, it has encouraged leasiness and the rest of it, and with what we are witnessing in the north, where schools, calendar have been, have been arbitrarily consued, some have been truncated. The gap between the north and the south in terms of educational set-up will still, will be wider in the near, in the near, in the near term. So we don't need the foreigner to tell us. The factors are there, the indices are there to let us know that we need to do something urgently. There should be a critical intervention. But the unfortunate thing of what we are witnessing, even in our newspaper reviewer time, is that these set-ups have been left alone for the private set-up, and these set-ups have been, have been left alone for private individuals to take care of their security when school children are kidnapped. It's there for the parents you will call in one of our programs, whereby they were sending a, a motorcycle to the, to the bandits, they were giving them rice, they were giving them maggi to feed their children, and the governor said that he's not ready to pay any money, and then the, if they want they can come and kidnap the children, but the secret they withdrew is his son from public school. So that's, that's, that's the challenge. In your correspondent report, we saw that with compared leaders, take away private education, attended the public school, attended the public primary school, attended the public secondary school, attended the public university. Just imagine if those schools were not in place, what would have happened? Just imagine if I didn't have that opportunity to go to public school. And I'll give you this so that I allow you to ask another question. You know I attended primary school, primary three, primary four, and five in the afternoon in Lagos. I'm telling you in the 70s. My primary three, my primary four, were done in the afternoon. But when a large ill-attributed community became the governor of Lagos, it changed the entire system. So that was possible for every student to attend schools in the public. In actual sense, my senior brother attended schools in the evening. So there were morning sessions, there were afternoon sessions, there were evening sessions in our educational sector. If some people don't know that, when I tell my son about it, he said that it's not possible, and I told him it's possible. In other words, it's the reality of a time, but it was changed by constructing government policies. So imagine if they hadn't made investment in education. If the governors of Second Republic hadn't made direct investment in education, where would we find ourselves? I told my son, I said, if I have to pay what I'm paying for you to go to school, I will not go to school. And the situation is for many people in my generation. Many people in my generation, if we have to pay what we are paying for our children to go to school now, if I pay what I have to pay that, we won't go to school, we'll have land money to pay that. So even the schools that are available, they are expensive. Because government is playing leave service, all you need to do is to pay a visit to these schools and you see what is happening. It's sad. All right. Julie Johnson, one thing that I have tried to not accept is victory for terrorists. But seeing that we have this many children out of school, seeing that we have this many schools shut down across Northern Nigeria and other parts, we've also seen, of course, Nigeria's figures with regards out of school children and things like this will definitely add to those figures. Does this mean that the Nigerian government has lost in that aspect? It's clear. You know, if you look at different reports, Intervention Agency, UNESCO report, UNICEF report with respect to children out of school, you'll be shocked.  Allagatou issues a clear failure of government, of government, of government policy. Primary education, you see, when we talk about federalism, primary education should be left for the local government. That's, we need to, the resources from that should come, we should go straight to the local government so that we can, each local government can rule two piece at the only, they know the peculiarity of their various localities and they can meet up with that, without challenges. There's no doubt that it's been a failure of government in terms of its core responsibility, it was when children were kidnapped, when pupils and students were kidnapped, we had, but it meant, it meant no, there was no response from the government, it was like business as it was, it was just like in normal life, as far as government response is concerned. These people, they are not spirit. They are not people that cannot be trapped. They are people that can be trapped. They use what our intelligence community doing, not a single burden that we arrested, prosecuted for that means school people, at least we should be able to draw a red line to say, no, no, no, no, no, no, no. At this level, you can't come to this business, but what do we do? What do we do? We reward criminality.  Wherever you see, you see the law makers become the law breaker. You see governors, president and public officials that are meant to respect the sanctity and the dignity of human life. They will be driving against the traffic and they will be using siren to push you off the road. Now I have said it, if you want to really affect the educational sector, if you receive a servant and you're a public official, your children must go to public schools. They must go to public schools because you are serving the public and you are serving the public. Your children, you can't send, I, why should the president send a student to school abroad? Why should the governor send a student to a private school? If, why should the commissioner send the children to a private school? Does that make any sense? If you are serving the public, both you and your household should serve the public until we make it a requirement for every civil servant, for every public servant, both elected and appointed, to send their children to public schools. I can assure you that the public schools, the challenges we are having, we will still have it. I remember, I'll tell you this and I'm telling you for a fact, when I was the law school taken to Kano, why? Why was the law school cited in Kano? Just because Abacha's daughter wanted to go to law school. Why was the law school, the law school in Bwari? When Abuselam's daughter was going to the law school in Bwari, ask anybody, these are facts that can be investigated. We know who built the estate, we know when their children are going to schools, they know how to provide the security. So that's the step we need to take. Once we take those steps to insist and to ensure that the children of the as-of, the speaker of as-of-well, go to public school, the speaker, the children of the Senate president, go to public school. I can tell you that the security issues with the address. We are even talking about the security issues, not about the infrastructure. Go and look at the toilet facilities in the schools. Go and look at the laboratories of this school. Go and look at the staff room of this school. It is unbelievable. I was just talking about this. Jida Johnson, one of the concerns and concerns I've had over this issue of insecurity in schools is that they don't seem to be hearing from the president. They don't seem to see the president coming out to condemn this insecurity, this attack on our education in clear terms. I mean, we saw a statement from Edward Cowell, like I mentioned earlier. So do you think the president needs to step up and speak to Nigerians condemning this action? And for people who are clamoring for the president's voice, what impact do you think it might make to the fight against insecurity and the protection of our schools? Government is a system. And one of the challenges we have with our democracy is the personalization of public administration. Must the president speak at all times? You have various institutions of the state that should respond proactively. Who are those that are in charge of the security? You have this heterogeneous police. You have other agencies of government that could speak on behalf of the president. I don't accept the fact that when Nigerians said, oh, the president must speak, must he speak to every situation? If you don't speak, that's because you have personalized that office. So until the president speaks, obviously we wish for the body language of the president. No, it's a government. And in the government, there are various institutions. It's not about a personality. It's about the various institution. The minister of education is appointed by the president for him to be a spokesperson, to be his representative in the educational sector. So once the minister of education makes a statement, the statement becomes the statement of the federal government of Nigeria because the member of the federal executive council was a inspector general of police. But like you said, and which are agree with you, there has never been any condemnation from official cutters, not necessarily the president. But most importantly, from the president, in these regards, because of the incitement nature of it, that okay, it has gotten to my attention. But you know what, we have seen a passive approach by those in authority to issues affecting average Nigerians that people say, okay, let's wait for the president to speak. Let's, must you wait for them to speak? This is democracy. They must engage the citizenry. Unfortunately, they don't care about us. That's the reality. They don't, do they care about you? And I, that's why when they are sick, they go abroad to seek medical treatment. That's why when their children wants to go to school, they send their children to school abroad. You did, Johnson. And so, I think a lot of Nigerians would agree with your perspectives on public officials using public facilities. And that includes healthcare and education and infrastructure, some of all of that. Because if you cannot put yourself through that system, you wouldn't be able to understand what the people that you're serving are dealing with.  You can't change the system, okay? Yeah, I want you to speak on, still on the out-of-school children. Can we also look back prior to the security challenges? Have this, has this challenge been building up from many years of poor funding and interest in the educational system in those parts of the country? In every part of the country. In every part of the country, I can tell you for a fact, the number of schools in my community, the community I lived in, I've lived in there, that's the community where my primary school is, that's the community where my secondary school is, that's the community where other schools are. And I can tell you for a fact, how many schools are in that local government and what have we done, if we're using legal state as an index to show reflection of what happens in the larger society. For example, in my own primary school, where was also the site of my secondary school. It's the same site that had my primary school and later my secondary school, has that same space, that same space that I used in 1974 to 1986, that's my primary school, that same space as five primary schools now, five, that same space as five primary schools, as two secondary schools. So you could see that we actually pay and leave service to it in terms of providing the basic infrastructure that is required for us to deal with the educational challenges that we have to increase enrollment, what's the ratio of teacher to student. So like you pointed out, it's a problem that has been developing over the years and it's cascading. When people talk about the standard of education, you know what happens because we don't have space and you can go and investigate this from Lagos to Cardinal to Carpenter to KB to Bouchie, to Biasa, you can go and investigate this. In public schools, children are not permitted to flee. You promote every one of them, beat the classes, where are you going to put the new ones that you have been enrolled, you can go and do your investigation. So there's a major crisis in the educational sector and if we don't trust what's like to it, like you trust what's like to it, and if there's no intervention, I'm telling you everything will collapse. Okay, talking about intervention, Jideh Johnson, we know that the 2021 to 2020 into academic session is beginning. Most states have announced that the new session would commence. Lagos State has put out the announcement. Katina State as well. So for Katina State in particular and for all the Northern States in general, we know that academic activities was halted. Some states indefinitely suspended school activities because of the insecurity and now they've announced that schools can resume. But one of the questions I asked, when we discussed earlier on top trending was, what's the infrastructure of the government? For example, of Katina State, of Kaduna State have put in place to ensure that students are not kidnapped anymore beyond just making an announcement that school has resumed and that it can proceed to the next term. You know, while we were young, the PT association, the parents' teacher association was very strong and they were major critical stakeholder in the fashioning out of the educational policy that we have in Nigeria. What's the role of the PT? What's the level of engagement? It's clear that in Katina, for example, mobile network has been shut down in about 10 local governments. We read it in the papers, GD Johnson, can you hear us? Well, it seems we may have lost GD Johnson there to network challenges. And it just might be a perfect time to wrap up the conversation this morning. We'll say thank you for being with us all through the week, starting from Monday. And of course, we want to wish you a very, very beautiful weekend ahead. If you missed out on any conversation all through this week, you remember you can catch up on our social media platforms. It's simply at PLOS TV Africa on Facebook and Instagram, so with our YouTube channel at PLOS TV Africa and the new one at PLOS TV Africa Lifestyle. Yes, and do engage in all our content there. The comment section is always open for you to let us know what you think about these stories making headlines across Nigeria. I am Annette Felix. And I am Osaogie Ogboa. Have a great weekend.


So this demonstration is going to introduce you to the lesson on phase transformations. And what I'm going to do here today is show you the impact of a phase transformation on the mechanical properties of this piano wire. So piano wire is a high carbon steel and as a consequence it's a very stiff material. And to demonstrate that I'm going to bend it and then I'm going to try to straighten it again. And so here I'm going to bend and that took a lot. And now I'm going to try to straighten it and I'm not going to try too hard because I can't do it. And I don't want to cut my hands. But the point is it's a pretty stiff material. It's quite strong and this makes sense, right? Because I'm hitting it with a mallet to produce a sound that's pleasant to the human ear. But as we know if we've done this with a paper clip, what happens with the paper clip of course is that we can do it multiple times and then eventually the paper clip breaks. So this material, this high carbon steel wire is very stiff. It doesn't have the ductility and so as a consequence I can only bend it once. But now what I'm going to do is I'm going to induce a phase transformation. And so this is primarily a phase of what we would call a prolitic phase. So it's a mixture of two different phases, alpha iron and cementite.  And in doing so I'm going to impart what we call a martensitic phase transformation. So what I want to do with this wire is I want this wire to get nice and hot, glowing red. And so I'm going to put it right here in the flame and we'll get it nice and glowing red. So now that means I'm approaching temperatures of probably 800, 900 degrees Celsius. And now I'm going to take it and immediately stick it in my water and this is called quenching. And now I'll let that cool a little bit while I turn off my torch. And now let's see the impact of quenching this piano wire. So this bend once can't straighten it out. So I've transformed it to the martensitic phase. The martensitic phase is the strongest phase in terms of hardness. But it's also the most brittle phase, obvious. Now what's really cool about this though is that I can reverse the process. And this is a phase transformation that's incurred by a process called tempering. So here what I'm going to do is I'm going to get our torch going again and I'm going to go through the entire process of quenching the sample. But then I'm going to reheat it and let's see if I can bring it back from its brittle behavior. So the first thing, once again, I'm going to heat it, get it glowing red. And now I'm going to quench. And of course we know if I try to bend this right now it's going to snap like a twig. But now I'm going to reheat it. But I have to be careful because there's a certain temperature range that I want to stay in. And so I'm not going to get it glowing red. I'm just going to give it enough heat. And what I'm doing is I'm allowing those molecules to relax and go to an equilibrium position. So, all right. And so now I'll let this cool for a second. And then I will show you that in fact we've gone away from that brittle behavior. And we now have a material that's much closer to what we started with. Ouch, it's still very hot. But you see now I can bend it. So I've done two different types of phase transformation here. I've gone from its as received state to a brittle state. That's a martensitic transformation. And then I've tempered the martensitic form to go back to the original pearlitic form.


The paper examined the potential benefits of using baffles in horizontal drain water heat recovery, DWHR units installed in the shower waste pipes of residential buildings. It found that the addition of baffles increased the efficiency of the DWHR unit by up to 40%, leading to greater cost savings and reduced carbon dioxide emissions. However, the optimal design of the baffles must take into account the specific hydraulics of each individual system. This article was authored by Sabina Cordano book and Mariusz Starzak.