Everyone, thank you for joining me on Think Tech Hawaii. I am Shonda Park, your host for Money Talks. Today, my guest is Teresa Paulette, who volunteered for MAD, Mothers Against Drunk Driving, a year after her 15-year-old son, Brian, was killed by a man arrested six times for DUI. Her mission to stop this person and others like him fueled her desire to learn about public policy and testify before the legislator to strengthen existing laws and introduce stronger laws. MAD helped Teresa survive the loss of her son and she is there to help support the victims of drunk and drug driving. Teresa, welcome to the show and thank you for being on today. Thank you, Shonda. It's very nice to be with you. I appreciate you taking the time to be with us today.  Well, I had moved from Maui to Oahu to what I was living. First slide, please. Go ahead, Teresa. I moved from Maui to Oahu to what I considered was a safe area out in Kaniwi, which I considered more country. After I got divorced, because my kids were young, they were just four and seven at the time. And I cherish the two pictures that I have of Brian and also the one of him with his sister. These are two of the last photos I will have. The one at Christmas is the last Christmas we shared together. And I got such a kick out of it with him holding Sassy who weighed about 80 pounds. And he had adopted the dog when she was just about six weeks old. And it was his forever companion. And she slept on his bed every night. And the next picture was in June of 92. And it was Nicole's graduation. And you can see how close they are. Brian, even they were three years apart in age, but Brian was now taller than Nicole. He has his arm around her and kind of comforting her as she's crying with all the lays and all the celebration. And I always said to them, mom won't always be here, please take care of each other. It's something that most parents say to their children because we never believe that they're going to pass before we do. No, it's something we never imagined. No. And Brian left for Maui shortly after Nicole's graduation. And he was gonna stay with his father for the summer. And he called at the end of summer and asked if he could stay and live on Maui. And I said, no, Brian, you have to come home. You have to think about your future. And five days later, he was killed by a man who had the six prior DUIs in Connoi. Brian was on his moped four blocks from home and this man was driving an F-150 truck and made a very short left-hand turn in front of him. And Brian was taken to the hospital immediately. I was only about five minutes away from where this occurred. And Brian died from multiple traumatic injuries. My sister at the time had the presence of mind to ask the officer if they had tested the truck driver. And he replied, no, look, he's an old man. There were several inconsistencies in the reports that I was getting from the police station and talking to an officer that made me question all of this. And I did hire a private investigator who found out that this man had a very long rap sheet for driving in the wrong lane, weaving back and forth, rear-ending people, and also these DUI arrests. And I was so angered and in grief and didn't know what to do, thinking that nobody cared. And I called mad. I was able to get ahold of mad. Carol McNamee, in fact, the founder of mad, and it helped to talk to somebody who understood. And mad was actually a lifesaver for me. And I have then committed now to trying to stop drunk driving, which is mad's mission actually, to stop drunk driving, to help fight drug driving, to support the victims of these violent crimes and to prevent underage drinking. Thank you. I realize that it's been a little over 30 years. And I thank you for your dedication and work because of my own personal story.  So she was struck on December 18, 2020, and she was pronounced brain dead three days later. And so I have a news clip to share my story. New tonight, heartache leads to action. An Oahu mother who lost her daughter to an alleged drunk driver is now trying to help drinkers get home safely. Our Jolani Martinez has tonight's top story. December, 2020, it was dark like this when Azalea Park was walking in this crosswalk here on Kahua Paani Street when she was struck by an alleged drunk driver. Park died of her injuries three days later. Now her mom is on a new mission to save lives. She was then pronounced brain dead after the series of tests. So in that moment, it was no longer in my hands. Shonda Park says her eldest daughter, just 21 years old, was on her way to see the holiday light show at Aloha Stadium when she was struck and killed by Jason Abad, also 21. He's now awaiting trial on charges of DUI and causing an accident involving death. And Park is turning her grief into action. I honestly feel that what happened to my daughter and what happened to many other loved ones, you know, families that are suffering is 100% preventable. This year, Park launched Safe Ride Hawaii, providing two drivers, one to bring the intoxicated person home and the other to drive their car home. The butterfly on the logo represents Azalea. Park is backed by mothers against drunk driving. And it educates the community about things that they can do or other people are doing to end drunk driving to stop these senseless tragedies. So I think it's just, you know, a really great effort and we morally support her. The group Responsibility.org says about a third of all Hawaii's traffic fatalities involve alcohol. In 2019, there were 36 DUI deaths. That was actually down about 19% from 2010. It's no consolation to Azalea's family.  And the pain that I went through and the pain that I'm still going through, I don't want other people to experience that and whatever I can do to step up, make a difference. That's what I want to do. So Teresa, like Brian, you know, who was very close to his sister, Azalea has a sister that's just a year younger, Shayna and a brother that's eight years younger. So they were very, very close. So not just me, her siblings are, you know, just still devastated. And especially in the month of December, you know, the holidays will never be the same without him. No, and I'm so, so sorry. It's so heartbreaking to watch that video and to see the pain that families go through. And each and every one of these numbers, when I talk about the number of people killed, they're family members, they're loved ones, they're our children, they're our mothers, our fathers, you know, aunts and uncles or co-workers. It has to stop. And we have to continue working to stop it. Yes. So the day after Thanksgiving, just a couple of weeks ago, the mayor was so generous in giving us an hour of his time to share about Safe Pride Hawaii. And he and his staff will be working to find ways to connect us and to support us.  Next slide, please. Well, first, I'd like to commend you for starting Safe Pride Hawaii and doing your part in removing drunk drivers from our roads. The victim memorial was a result of many years of work and thought to have something tangible to bring awareness to the issue of these senseless deaths that were occurring in Hawaii. And each and every year, we're losing about 30 to 40 people in Hawaii alone. Nationally, it's anywhere from 10,000 to 11,000 and possibly 12,000 this year. The numbers keep going up and this is something that we have to stop. Again, these numbers are lives, lives of loved ones. So back to the memorial, we wanted to build something. We had a committee that came together and we raised the money through private donations, private and corporate donations and we had to go through an approval process to place it in the park. We also put out an RFP for artists and John Koga was the winning artist and he built this poignant statue that shows a family, a mother, father and child all with a hole in their heart because of the loss of their loved one. And it speaks to many of us, but especially the impaired driving, which is preventable and needs to stop. It just is time that we all work together on this. Yes, it is a community effort. And I know that there's a walk like mad as well. If we can just bring up the next several slides. So the walk is something, we've had different versions of that since mad was started. Mad was started 38 years ago in Hawaii and we had something called the mad dash that some of the old timers might remember and now it's the walk like mad. And you were there at our last walk, Shonda. And yeah, it takes courage to show up to these events as a newly bereaved parent. And also you started us off with the Zumba, which was wonderful too. It was held at Kakaoka Waterfront Park, which is where the memorial is. It was a beautiful sunny day. The walk is our one and only fundraiser. It is the only thing that keeps mad in existence in Hawaii. So it's very necessary. And it was a success. We had about 400 people in attendance along with our 80 wonderful volunteers. And it's a fun event. I like it because it's really the only fun thing that we do and includes the entire family. And at the walk like mad, we had a special ritual down at the victim memorial, which is the other end. And we had a tent and prayer flags that were available to victims or anybody who knows a person who has been killed in a drunk driving crash. And they were able to write the victim's name on the prayer flag and any special note that they would like. And then they were hung on the line that blew in the wind by the ocean. And it was quite scenic and quite beautiful and quite comforting for victims. Yeah, I'm glad that I took part in it. And again, it was my first one because in 2021, everything the whole year was just an entire blur. And even in 2022, I contemplated, can I even get myself to get out and be around people? And I'm glad that I showed up because the love and the support that's there. And I really felt it. And know that there's people there that understand what I'm going through. I'm glad that you were able to make it, but we wouldn't understand if you weren't. The first time that I seen the memorial, you know, when you explained it to me, I had no idea what it was, but actually being part of Walk Like Mad and seeing that memorial and part of the prayer flag that you just spoke about, it was an amazing day. So glad that you came. So glad you were there. Yes. So let's talk about the next one. Let's talk about the Taiwan on First Safety. Share about what that is and how long has it been in existence? Well, it's 36 years now that National had started this and Mad, Hawaii has always participated. And it's also a tangible item. You know, Mad is all about public awareness, but everything that we do is usually just about talking. But the red ribbon is the tangible piece that we distribute throughout the state. And we ask people, they're distributed and can be picked up at various locations. You can go on our website there, but we ask people to pick it up. And what you do is you make a commitment to tie this on your vehicle. And the commitment is that you will never drink and drive. And then this ribbon, and we also have decals and magnet ribbons as well, because people don't always have a place to tie it. But it's telling the other people on the road that you have made that commitment and you are a safe and sober driver. That is wonderful. That is wonderful. And you said 36 years? Yes, we've had that in existence and we distributed 25,000 ribbons statewide. And we also had the first responders in attendance at this kickoff, as you see with the police tying the ribbons on their motorcycles. And we had just every branch, the military, the Coast Guard, Fire Department, Police Department, everybody involved tying on red ribbons. I'll be tying mine on and passing it out to all my friends and family as well and sharing this information. Good, wonderful. Thank you. So now, you know, this show is called Money Talks. So let's talk about the money that's involved in DUI and everything involving DUI. If you can bring up the next slide, please. Usually people don't think about the costs that's involved. And of course, the life that's lost or injured is foremost. And we do want people to not drink and drive because of that. But it also is a cost factor to America. And it's $132 billion a year that it costs the country. And that's just in, that's not even including lawsuits, you know, personal lawsuits and things like that. It's all the other damages and expense on resources if there's a drunk driving crash. And then if that's not enough to change behaviors, then the individual driver also has expense if they get apprehended drinking and driving. And I want to say that before the first arrest, the driver has probably driven 80 times drunk before they're apprehended.   In this state, hopefully they're going to get an ignition interlock, which is going to cost anywhere from 1200 to 1500 a year. And miscellaneous other expenses that could total 13,000 up to 27,000 a year. So this has to be considered by each and every person that's taking the risk of drinking and driving. But the foremost reason is they do not do not or should not injure or kill someone. Yes, exactly. That is first and foremost. However, the cost factor, when you think about 27,000, can you imagine on average, it could just cost someone $27 to make that decision to get home safe by using some kind of rideshare? Exactly. And that's what you offer today. You offer the alternative. And that's what, you know, we have Uber, Lyft, taxis, and now we have rideshare Hawaii. So there's no excuse. Yeah. And we have friends and family that so many people who don't drink are willing to be designated drivers. Exactly. It's a matter of letting go of that ego or saying I can and getting out of that mentality, right? That, oh no, I'm fine, I'm fine. I can drive. So that definitely has to stop. Exactly. And that's true about that mentality.  And there is a campaign by the Department of Transportation called No Excuses. There is no excuse to drive drunk. There are so many options today. Yes, there are. Yes. Next slide, please. So I want you to share about this picture. I had the opportunity recently to meet the president, not of the United States, but the national president of MAD. So, Theresa, please share about this picture here. Yes, thank you for coming to the events that we had, a meet and greet. And also she was at the Walk Like Mad. Alex Audie was just 24 years old when she became the national president of MAD. And many of us who have been around for as long as I have thought that she was far too young. But boy, were we surprised. She was an amazing president. And she had been injured at the age of 13 while she was sitting on a jet ski in a lake in Kentucky when a speeding drunk boater plowed into her, throwing her off the jet ski. Her parents were standing nearby. They thought she had died. They were happy to find that she was still living. They had to lift the jet ski and other stuff off of her. She was rushed to emergency. She was in a coma for a month. She had multiple surgeries, traumatic brain injury, a broken jaw. And in that picture, you will see that her right leg was severed. She has a prosthetic. So since the age of 13, she has been an advocate against impaired driving, which also means boating. And the picture with the national president of the country, President Biden, is a really happy picture because it was after he signed the infrastructure law, which has a provision in it to end drunk driving. And it was years and years of work that brought this to fruition. This law was signed last November, 2021. And what happened, it was just a combination of factors and including Zoom with COVID, I have to say, because it made people think outside the box and our officials at our national office brought together 60 victims across the country on Zoom every week for about two years to work on this. It was incredible progress that was made in two years to have this passed and signed into law. But what it uses is advanced technology and it's actually software technology. And this software technology has been around since 2017. And we came to find out because one of our victims on our calls worked with the auto industry and he actually had gone back to them after he lost his daughter, who had just given birth to twins and she was returning from the NICU after visiting them when she was killed by a drunk driver. And she had four young boys at home, total of six children now lost their mother. And his name is Ken Snyder and he brought information forward that told us what had been going on in the auto industry where they were not using this technology because they wanted to upcharge people, made it optional when you purchased a car. The technology is estimated to save, once it's instituted, could save 9,400 lives. And so now it has been signed. It is with NHTSA, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, to do the rulemaking, which is to be done within five years and MAD is watching them closely to make sure that they do this because government sometimes drags their heels and then once the rulemaking is done, which the technology will be about the driver assistance technology like lane change that's already in cars, you're familiar with that. And then there's driver performance which is where a passive camera will take pictures of the driver maybe nodding their head too much or closing their eyes. And then the third technology is a sensor in like maybe the steering wheel that can detect the BAC. And so as I said, over 240 technologies that are available today were neutral on what NHTSA chooses. They can choose a combination of things in their rulemaking, but let's get this done and done as soon as possible and let's save lives. I was really happy to hear this news. I had no idea. So thank you for keeping me posted when it went to legislation and passed the bill. And it was just really great news when you shared that with me and when the national president of MAD flew here to Hawaii and shared the news about this driving prevention technologies. And she also shared that she really sees this happening in her lifetime. It really gave me hope that I too will still be alive to see this happen. And it's not going to be in the next lifetime or the next one after that. It is happening and it's happening in this lifetime. Yeah, it is. It's the only hopeful thing that has come along that would save thousands of lives. And so who wouldn't want to do that? So let's hope that they move along as fast as possible. Yes, because of the fact that we now know that it's been around since 2017. It's been five years, almost six years now. So imagine how many lives could have been saved if this was already in place. Exactly, exactly. Because as I said earlier, 10,000 or more lives are lost each and every year to impaired driving. And it's not just impaired driving that they'll catch in this with this technology. It'll be drowsy and distracted driving as well. So that figure, a number of lives saved will go up. Yes, it will. And unfortunately it took someone losing their family member to actually put this in place. Right, Teresa? Yes, it was a combination. It was Ken Snyder and there was also another family, the Abbas family in Detroit, Michigan. And Senator Dingwell was very, I'm sorry, house, she was from the house representative. She was very instrumental in getting this push. So there were the Abbas family lost by family members. It's just horrendous, the devastation is horrendous, but it was a combination of people. I just can't say enough. The right people came together at the right time and most of them came together on Zoom, which is wonderful. Yes, that is. Yes, during COVID and the work never stops. So that's just really amazing. And bring up the last slide, please. So thank you, Teresa, for sharing all of this information today. And thank you for your incredible work for all these years. And for me, meeting you for the first time when my daughter was killed at her sign waving on December 26, 2020, we did a sign waving December 26, the following year. This year, Teresa and I will be together again to sign wave this coming Saturday, December 17th at 4 p.m. So please join us, we'll be on the corner of Kahua Paanistri and Ala Aliistri in Halawa, near Ice Palace. So thank you again. Let's work together to end fatalities caused by driving under the influence. Teresa, thank you again. I will see you this Saturday. I hope to see everyone there. Yes, sure. Yes, see you then. Thank you so much, Shonda. Thank you, Teresa. See you on the next Money Talks. Have a safe holiday season. Aloha. Thank you so much for watching Think Tech Hawaii. If you like what we do, please like us and click the subscribe button on YouTube and the follow button on Vimeo. You can also follow us on Facebook, Instagram, and LinkedIn, and donate to us at thinktechhawaii.com. Mahalo.


Patriot Prime Reviews is a channel for adult collectors and may not be suitable for children under 13 years of age. Viewer discretion is advised. Hey, what's going on guys? Patriot Prime here once again with another ToyHacks.com sponsored video. But before I get started, I need you guys to do me a favor. If you're watching this video right here and are not a subscriber of Patriot Prime Reviews, please consider hitting that subscribe button right now. That won't cost you a thing, but will help me and my channel out tremendously. Now on to the decals. And the set we're looking at in this video is the Generation 2 Conversion Set for Studio Series 86 or Earthrise Starscream. I reached out to ToyHacks about a month or so ago and said hey, people who are buying Studio Series 86 Starscream are now going to have an extra if they already have the Earthrise version.  And lo and behold, the G2 set is now a reality. And as a thank you, ToyHacks actually gave me a shout out decal. So I am officially a ToyHacks decal. So how cool is that? Now this decal set includes four decal sheets on a combination of foil, vinyl and clear backing. So now without further ado, let's take a look at Starscream both before and after ToyHacks decals. And welcome to Patriot Prime Reviews. In robot mode, straight out of the packaging, Starscream looks like Starscream with his standard red, white and blue color scheme. Now as I said earlier, you can apply these decals to Studio Series 86 Starscream that I have right here or the Earthrise version. Now of course, I'm using Studio Series 86 because I have already ToyHacks my Earthrise version and he looks pretty sharp. So now let's take a closer look at Starscream. You guys pretty much know what the deal is with him. Great paint applications on the face. I love the painted eyes right there. You got the red chest with the dark gray turbines right there. The translucent plastic there for the nose cone. Moving on down, red, waist, blue, hands and wrist. And about the only difference with Studio Series and Earthrise is there is the fingers that can move. Here on the wings we've got the red and white stripe, purple upside down, the septicon insignia. Moving on down the legs we got the blue right there for the, you know what that's called, vent, blue for the feet, some silver for the top of the foot. And really that's about it. So there is one final look at Starscream in G1 form before and after. Starscream's Robot Mode gets quite a few new decals to help enhance his new G2 look. Taking a closer look at the figure, he gets new chrome decals here inside the pylons with some little yellow circles. New decals right there that indicate jet intakes for jet mode. Here on the chest I love these. He gets new chrome decals right there and there that look so good. I love how the chrome catches the light. Here on the arms he gets new decals for the wrist and inside the arm decals here that cover up those pins. Moving on down to the legs he gets new decals for the kneecaps, new yellow decals for the top of the foot. Inside the leg are more decals that cover up those pins. And of course you see the decals here on the wings that will go over more in jet mode. Now I want to talk about the knoll rays here. The G2 Toy Starscream didn't have the knoll rays that the G1 figure had. He had black launchers with purple missiles. And I love what Toy Hacks did for the knoll rays. There's decals here for the top of the knoll ray to make it black and then some purple highlights on the bottom half to kind of give it that G2 look with the knoll ray. One issue though and you guys really need to pay attention to this is the decals right here on the main fin. You only get two of those so make sure you create yourself a left and a right. I'm not sure if they meant to give us four of those decals and didn't or what. But don't get overzealous and put two decals on the same knoll ray. I almost did when I realized I only had two. So you'll have top one top decal, two side decals and the black decals here that go all the way around the knoll rays. Just missing that one there on the back for some reason. It's all in all man. I love this. And there you go, Starscream in G2 robot mode after. In jet mode, straight out of the packaging, Starscream looks great. Of course, I am a big fan of the Earthrise Seeker mold. I just think they did a really good job with these. Close your look at the jet. Love the translucent cockpit right there. You can look through, see the pilot seat. I like how the translucent cockpit works on the jets. Not a big fan of how they work on the vehicle modes, but the jets look awesome. Got some red there on the front. Here along the back, there is some dark gray. And I love the sculpted detail that's all over these jets. That just looks so good. The wings have the red and white stripe, purple Decepticon insignia. Blue here for the tail fins and blue back there with the folded up feet. So there you go guys. There's one final look at Starscream in his generation one jet mode before and after. And jet mode is where this decal set really shines. And the first decals you're probably noticing are the new camouflage wing decals that G2 Starscream was known for. Love the looks of these. They're so awesome. This one even has the tack on the wing and tack I'm assuming stands for Tactical Air Command. So you've got a big camouflage decal right here on the end of the wing and then a smaller narrow one right there. He also gets these accent decals right there along the end of the wing and here on the tail fin. Also on the tail fin, he gets new red, silver and black decals with tack and M3-4-2-2-1. Not sure what that means. Hit me up in the comments. New Decepticon G2 Decepticon insignias right there on the tail fins and the main wing. Now you do have the option of G2 or regular Decepticon insignias. But man, this is G2. Go with G2. There's also new highlight decals here on the feet, new decals right here, MTD engine decal here and decals right here on top on the red section. Warning on Toy Hacks' website, these are shown upside down. So I was looking at them real close. I pulled up an image of G2 Starscream and this is the way they're supposed to go with the little silver triangle-looking section pointing up. So watch for that. Also new black decal right there in front of the canopy and a G2 Decepticon logo right there. Like I said, there are options. You can go G1 if you so choose. So all in all, I am really impressed with the jet mode and oh yes, almost forgot. Right there. You have Patriot Prime. Of course, if you don't want to put my name on your Starscream, there are options, Sergeant Starscream. Of course, I think to fly a jet you have to be a captain, old Snake and Starscream. Which also reminds me there's another decal right there with the G2 logo that says Decepticon. A nice throwback to G2 because for some reason G2 always had the name of the figure on the toy itself. So there you go guys, G2 Starscream in jet mode after. Toyhacks absolutely knocked it out of the park with their G2 conversion set for Earthrise or Studio Series 86 Starscream. I love what they did to this figure. It's so nice to see some G2 love coming back. So yeah, if you have two Starscreams now because of Earthrise and Studio Series, I highly recommend this set, especially if you're a G2 fan. Not to mention, this Starscream is going to look great if you happen to have Generation Select's G2 Ramjet and Generation Select's G2 Megatron. Also I want to give a huge shout out and thank you to Toyhacks for making a decal with my name on it. That was so cool and when I first saw that man, that made my day. And now I'm going to make some Lucky Subscribers Day. I bought an extra set of the G2 conversion decals for Starscream here that I am going to give away to a Lucky Subscriber of this channel. And all you have to do to enter the win is comment below G2 Rules. And then in about a week I'll do a live show where I draw a winner from the comment section of this video and I will send this G2 decal set to you. So G2 Rules, comment below on this video, you have to be a subscriber. Now guys, if you enjoyed the video, don't forget to like, don't forget to subscribe and don't forget to click that bell icon to get notified when I upload new videos. So if you're in any position to help out the channel, I do have this new super thanks button that YouTube just activated and I also have channel memberships. And I want to give a huge shout out to my current channel members because it's support like yours that helps keep this channel growing. Once again guys, this is Patriot Prime, signing out. Hoorah!


Welcome back to the Bioelectricity lecture series in NPTEL. So, as I told you in the beginning we have divided this course into 5 different modules and among the first modules, among all these 5 modules, the first module we introduced the course. After introducing the course I gave you a graphical representation of the different systems what will be dealing with system identification and what are the different bioelectrical phenomena, how they are being recorded and what are the advanced applications of understanding those kind of phenomena. So, after section after module 1, now we will move on to the module 2. So, just to refer back in order to keep track of the way we will be moving. So, what I did I have on my screen the first lecture where I talked about all the different kind of module. So, just look at it where we are so that we can make a move from here. So, going back to the. So, this is the part what we have already done and this is where we are going to get initiated now module 2. So, now I am moving on to the lecture 4 of the module 2. So, module 2 is under the heading of bioelectrical phenomena in animal plant sorry animal insects and fishes. So, pretty much all the animal world bioelectrical phenomena. So, the way I have divided what I will do first of all I will enumerate all the different topics I am going to deal under this and then we will pick up the first topic we will talk about and likewise we will talk about the individual topics. So, let us enumerate the topic. So, basically even before I proceed further there are at the end of the class I will tell you there are couple of a stuff which I have not really slide in properly in the 5 different modules which will come in the end to tell you which all in which module those things will get fit. But at this point for the animal kingdom bioelectrical phenomena we I have already discussed with you there are two kind of excitable or three kind of excitable cells in the body which has the potential to produce action potential. So, one of them is nerve cell which constitute the complete nervous mechanism of the body a nervous system of the body. The second one is the cardiac system which ensures that our heart beats at a specific pace in a specific manner and pumps the plot all over the body. And the third section is the muscle of the skeletal muscle and the smooth muscle which ensures that either in the gut the food moves through the GI tract properly that is the function of the smooth muscle and the skeletal muscle which ensures all our physical movement mechanical movement which are of course driven by the nervous system. So, under these three classes we are going to study the animal kingdom electricity and initial phase what we will do is that we will be referring most of the time in the beginning with the nerve cells. So, let us enumerate all the different topics we are going to deal in this section. So, back here so we are into module 2 module 2 is essentially your bioelectrical phenomenon in fishes and insects. So, this is the broad title of this module under which we will be studying bioelectric potentials that is the first topic stepping stone into this world bioelectric potentials. And of course, we will be referring to the nerve cells for that talking about the ion channels I have briefly told you about the different kind of ion channels which are present third topic will be action potentials again we will be referring mostly to the nervous system talking about some of the techniques here which will come into play without these techniques the kind of immaterial. So, here I will just interrupt. So, essentially the reason why to push the technique here itself some of the techniques because without realizing the technique without appreciating the technique it is really it becomes really drab to see how those different potentials are being measured how those different current are being measured out the current flux is being determined. So, that is why I have introduced part of the instrumentation here, but again in the instrumentation section we will kind of cover those parts which I cannot cover here under the broad spectrum and that will shorten and so that we can devote little bit more time on these sections as well as it will cut short some of the classes on that section. So, that way we can adjust everything. So, voltage clamp studies then talking about the current clamp current clamp studies and then you have capacitance measurement and the significance will come. So, capacitance measurement followed by impulse propagation then we have in that same line we could introduce the brain and the memory this is we will get an opportunity to introduce the brain chip and all those things sensory circuits and special senses. So, all these nine topics what I have just now talked about all these nine topics will be essentially will be dealing with the nerve using nerve as a model system apart from here this zone out here we can talk about the two one it will be in the actually the three one in the nerves skeletal muscle action potential and cardiac muscle. We can talk this because already we have talked about the ion channels and as tenth topic what I will be dealing here will be your muscular junction 11th one will be of course they will be going hand in hand actually skeletal muscle skeletal muscle electricity mechanical action and in the same line we will have the cardiac electrophysiology. So, this is where you see the cardiac comes into play and this is where the nerve and muscle will come into play. So, this is the overall layout of the section two or the module two of this course. So, to start off so if you go back to so we will be starting with this part bioelectric potentials. So, let us get back to the bioelectric potentials what bioelectric potentials are and why how they arise to start it first. So, talking about bioelectric potentials there is always a flow of energy from higher potential to lower potential this much you all know say something is at higher potential some if water is stored at higher altitude lower altitude they will try to move and they will try to you know balance it out. So, potential is essentially word of difference of energy of two systems. So, any kind of flow of energy will take place when there is a potential difference without potential difference there cannot be any flow of information from one system to another it is that very important. And as a matter of fact the biological systems which have evolved they have evolved it is believed they have evolved from sea which is rich in sodium chloride and all these kind of things. And the way the first cell was formed it is believed somewhere or other from that harsh environment of the sea a confined structure was formed which ensures that the sodium concentration inside that confined structure is significantly low and there should be a way to pump out the excess sodium. So, that life can evolve because at a very very high salt concentration it is really challenging for life to evolve not very many life can evolve. So, it is being believed that the first cell which has formed has evolved from water and the first membrane the story is very murky out there nobody can really see with 100 percent guarantee that this is how the first membrane was formed. But what we know for sure is there is a membrane all over the biological system there are membranes all over biological systems and these membranes are semi permeable in nature and they are made up of a bilipid layer you can refer to some of the books which I will recommend you at the end of the class which will help you to brush your basics you can go through striers biochemistry you can go through leningers biochemistry which will help you to understand the bilipid structure of the membrane I will briefly deal with it, but again all the different kind of lipids which are involved in it and all those other finer details you kindly need to look into it or you can refer to the course in physiology where you will see how the first membrane has evolved and what are the different components of it. So, coming back to it somewhere or other the when the first enclose a structure which evolved it ensured that that structure had lower sodium concentration. So, in other word if I graphically show it to you. So, for example, so imagine this is the water from where life is evolving. So, now when the first cell must have evolved at some distant past or somewhere at some point. So, this is extremely high in sodium and chloride exceptionally high. When the first cell must have evolved it must have taken a very different kind of route while it has self assembled to form a enclose a structure it ensured that inside the enclose a structure the ionic concentration of sodium is low. So, inside this as well as chloride is low first evolving cell. Now, when the when now you have a enclose a structure whose sodium is low and chloride is low and if somewhere or other you have a mechanism by which this membrane can ensure that it can get rid of the sodium and always maintain a lower concentration from the surrounding. Then it can lead to a generation of bioelectric potential. So, for example, what I mean by that is. So, for example, I have a mechanism by which I ensure that you know I ensure that you know different kind of gates. So, these are the different kind of ionic gates and these ionic gates ensuring that low sodium and chloride level is maintained inside the cell. If one can do this kind of situation if somewhere or other you have these ionic gates which ensures that the sodium and chloride inside is maintained at a lower concentration as compared to the concentration of sodium and chloride which is outside into the system. Then we are talking about generating the first bioelectric potential and these kind of membranes are termed as a technical term for this kind of membranes. These are called semi permeable membrane and they are semi permeable membrane and these membranes are asymmetric in nature is the first thing they have. Then they have selective gating of ion potential for actually the word potential for selective gatings of ions and which is being regulated essentially by this ionic gates which in the modern world we call them as which will be our next topic actually will be ion channels and it has a semi permeable membrane. So, as soon as you have say for example, the word is coming back. So, say for example, if this is the cell what we just now kind of develop and say for example, sodium has say 10 molecules inside chloride has 10 molecules inside and sodium outside has 100 molecules and chloride outside has 100 molecules. So, what essentially we are doing across this like this across this what we are showing there is a potential difference and this potential difference could be represented by delta V or V is the voltage will come into all these details and what essentially will happen in a normal condition if this membrane is non-selective it allows the free diffusion to take place. If the free diffusion happens and what we will get out here is after a point of time. So, if you add up this 100 plus 110 100 plus 10 makes 110 and same way for chloride 100 plus 10 110 divided by 2 divided by 2. So, eventually there will be a time come and it will become 55 55 for sodium and for chloride 55 55 for chloride eventually. If free diffusion is permitted, but biology is smart when the first membrane of what I told you in the just the previous slide it is asymmetric. In other word what does that mean is if you go back where I showed you this word when I used this critical word it is asymmetric and it exhibit differential gating differential of ions in either direction in either direction. What does that essentially means that means this membrane which is present may allow the sodium to get in or allow the sodium to move out or allow the chloride to move in or move out it can only do that particular gate can only open in one direction. In other word if this is the gate say for example, I take example of this gate this is the gate out here in red these this gate may either allow sodium to get in, but this very same gate this very same gate is not going to allow sodium to go out mind it. So, it is in essentially this is what means just trying to explain you that it exhibit differential movement of ion in either direction or say for example, this gate if it allows chloride to move out it will not allow chloride to move in these are some of the very very fundamental concept with needed to be gras before we understand the animal kingdom by electricity and this will be dealing with in the next section next class in ion channels, but before that. So, this is essentially is where potential difference is being created and this potential difference is being maintained all throughout our life because there are channels all over the place which will not allow the ions to move freely they are being regulated they are being governed and flow of ion is being is a function which will be coming the next to next class where we will be talking about there are two counter forces which are functioning here one is of course, your force of diffusion this is force one and there is another force two which is the charge within the electrolytes and here the electrolytes are could be sodium could be chloride could be potassium could be magnesium could be even proteins because they also have whole lot of charge in them the summation there they have summated charges on them oh apart from it here which you forgot is calcium and yeah mostly calcium sodium magnesium sodium chloride magnesium proteins here likewise. So, there are whole range of electrolytes which are present and apart from it there are few non electrolytes their diffusion is totally different we are not going to deal at this time how they are diffusing I will briefly touch upon it while I will be talking about the nurse equation and the balancing act here between these two forces you look at this force one and force two free diffusion force and the charge within the electrolyte the balancing act is driven by nurse or nurse equilibrium. So, I will devote at least half a class on this nurse equilibrium before I move on to the ion channels at this point what I wanted to highlight is these ions can move freely from this side to this side if only diffusion is allowed. So, that would not allow us to maintain a membrane potential, but yet there is a membrane potential. So, if you look at it if we just to give you an idea about the membrane potentials which are present. So, those of you are exposed to say for examples and I will be taking the example of a neuron. So, this is the neuron which is sitting this is the cell body these are the dendrites this is the axon this is the cell body this is the nucleus and these are the dendrites. So, if you impel an electrode here like this and measure the potential with respect to outside you will find that this electrode and you are actually here what you are essentially doing you are measuring potential across difference delta v and this is the neuron. So, what will you essentially your recording will tell you will see approximately minus 70 millivolt sometime it may go out all the way up to minus 80 millivolt. In other word whenever we talk about membrane potential of the electron what we are talking about is that with respect to outside the inside is more negative. So, essentially what does that mean is here it is more negative with respect to the outside just bear with it because I am just going out, but that essentially means is that these are positive with respect to the outside. Whereas, inside it is these are all negative negative negative. So, with respect to the outside inside is more negative why is it more negative now what we will do over last 100 years all the different concentrations of the electrolytes which have been discovered we will I will give you the complete list of it that will give you an idea why with respect to inside the outside is more positive or with with respect to outside inside is more negative. So, what will essentially do here we will talk about the extracellular concentration of the two different two major cells especially we will take about muscle or frog we will take the nerve which is another. So, these two nerve of squid we will talk little bit more about a squid once I am done with this these are the two systems we will be looking at and what we will be looking at here will be the intracellular I am coming to this intracellular in millimolar. So, I think I will just take here let me do it like this intracellular millimolar and extracellular millimolar. So, if you go back to the diagram what I was drawing free people. So, out here this is intracellular that is inside the cell this is all extracellular which is outside the cell. So, coming back the intracellular and extracellular and here we are enumerating the different ions or electrolytes we are talking about all right and these are the anions which could be protein or whatsoever. So, in case of muscle it is 124 millimolar intracellular 4 millimolar intracellular sodium chloride is 1.5 millimolar and other anions 126.5 whereas, in the extracellular potassium is exceptionally low if you compare these two values out here look at the two values compare the two values you will see potassium is very low outside whereas, sodium if you look at sodium it goes up out here it is almost 109.0 whereas, chloride is very high outside 77.0 and there are no anion outside because all the proteins are inside the cell. Now, talking about the nerves if you look at the nerves now again the same way we are dividing intracellular in terms of millimolar extracellular in terms of millimolar. So, for potassium intracellular potassium is 397 millimolar whereas, it is 20 millimolar in extracellular. So, essentially there is of the direction is something like this whereas, out here it was direction was just here the same out here also whereas, in terms of potassium sorry in terms of sodium is 15 intracellular and 437 extracellular very high chloride is 40 intracellular and 556 extracellular. And most of this extracellular is with respect pretty much you can they are comparable with seawater and that is one of the clues which says that life is evolved from sea life is evolved from water. So, all these values what you see 2.2 109 and all this. So, just let me go back to the slides just kind of highlight that. So, if you compare these values which I am putting in green now here or so all these values are kind of similar to the seawater. And now if I go back to the slide which I wanted to show you in the whichever showing in the beginning in the first slide out here. So, essentially this was I was trying to explain in the first slide to start off with that if sodium and in chloride is low out inside whereas, sodium and chloride is high outside. And we found out that potassium is low. So, I am adding on this diagram potassium is high inside and there are lot of proteins which you say a negative inside it which we call as a negative or the anions which are present there which are jointly represented as all the proteins. So, now the challenge for biology comes how it maintains this potential so neatly over a period of time and how that is getting regulated. So, coming back to where I was yeah. So, this is the concentration which is currently accepted and there may be few number here and there which varies. So, from here we will take two parts what we will do in the next class and from here we will derive the Nernst equation we will talk about how the Nernst equation regulates. So, if you look at this picture itself that will tell you the whole story. So, look at this picture you see these are the electrolytes which are present out here. So, if I draw this in terms of just for your visualization sake if this is the cell and you have sodium which is very high chloride very high potassium very low potassium very high chloride low sodium low and you have an anion in terms of proteins which is very high. Now, going by the simple diffusion you can appreciate it here going by the simple diffusion what will happen if I take case by case these should if going by pure diffusion these should become equal. Similarly, if I take these two chloride and this chloride should become equal similarly potassium and potassium will become equal and part of this protein will move out like this to outside to make a new concentration a negative a negative equal this is the pure diffusion a hypothetical situation this is basically a hypothetical situation for your understanding sake. This is a pure diffusion a pure diffusion is allowed that is what is going to happen, but I put an condition here condition which I put is that those huge proteins which are present inside the cell cannot really move out. So, essentially what I am trying to tell you now this transfer or this transfer is not allowed first not allowed. So, the very moment I say I would not allow one of the component out of the four not to come out. So, automatically the charge inside it is now confined more charge. So, whenever there is a more charge inside it generates a potential around that small confined area except it now comes I say I start I am not starting putting conditions I am putting like you know I am questions right what should be I am introducing limitations on the flow of electrolyte. Now, I put the next limitation the next limitation is this this particular thing that sodium can only move from here to here through the sodium channel second limitations I put. Third limitations I put is this one this potassium can only move out like this. So, I am just putting limitations after limitations into the game I am not doing anything I am just putting limitations. So, in the light of these limitations we will be talking about two aspects what we will be going to talk about one will be ok. So, this is the pure hypothetical pure diffusion situation I give you another situation in that same line another hypothetical situation charge equilibrium. In other word what I am essentially trying to tell you is that if I am not allowing this process to take place a negatives cannot go out. Then I have to ensure in the first place the charge or the positive or the negative charge generated by sodium or chloride respectively and the potassium and few other ions which are present like calcium I have not talked about the calcium. So, you have the calcium also here which are which is contributing to positive charges out there. So, the charge has to be equilibrated on both sides. So, we have two opposing or two forces which are governing which I just mentioned in the previous if I go back to my one of my previous slides or I was telling you yes. So, this is what essentially I was trying to highlight diffusion charge and that is the stage where I will be introducing you to the these two forces in the light of these values now since you know these values will introduce Nernst which is discovered by Walter Nernst and the earlier half of the last century somewhere around 1900. So, at this point what I will do I am not introducing Nernst immediately I will highlight or I will take your attention to another aspect of electricity which will be helpful for your understanding whenever you were being taught electricity we talked about you know along a conductor if you look back. So, we always say if this is a conductor through which charge is flowing you always say there is electron which are in motion. So, those are electron mobility which governs your electrical phenomena this is what we are always exposed to, but simultaneously say for example along a channel you have ions moving along the gradient these are called ionic movement or ionic charge movement and ionic charge movement is also an electricity. So, in other word in the light of this slide I am dividing electricity into two parts one is ionic electricity and the other one is electron electricity and in biological system both these phenomena are being seen it is not that we only see one phenomena. So, what I will do just with this brief introduction I will just highlight some of the areas where we will be talking about electron and some of the areas will be talking about ion and some of the areas will be talking about the interface of the ions and the electrons. So, let us see where all we see ionic electricity sorry electron based let us say electron mobility in biological system the classic example is photosynthesis where basically when a light falls h nu when the light falls it from the chlorophyll molecule electron is actually ejected out. So, we essentially see a electron movement and second place where we see is mitochondria and as a matter of the whole term is electron transport chain. So, these are the two example and will come many more such examples where we will see electron transport and as we will be studying about all these things in the photosynthetic biology we will talk about it apart from it talking about ionic charge electricity out here this is seen all over the place in the nerve impulse in the nerve cardiac system in the muscle in neuromuscular junction I am just putting at NMJ. So, all over the place you see ionic charge mobility. So, these are the two forms of electricity which will be dealing continuously there will be interplay of electron as well as ion and this is what I wanted to highlight that as I will proceed through please brush up some of the basics especially. So, I have introduced you to this. So, please brush up the most central law into the game V is equal to I R which is basically the ohm's law where V is your voltage and I is the current and R is the resistance these are some of the basics which will be extremely essential and go through the simple series circuit and the parallel circuit wherever needed I will just introduce them wherever it will be essential. But, I just expect you people to kind of brush all these basics because that will help you to appreciate some of these things much better as compared to just mean very briefly touching up on and going to the phenomenon. So, this is what I expect you people to kind of go through some of the fundamentals. So, coming back where we were with the bio electric potential. So, these potentials as I told you that and next we will be talking about the nurse equation how these are being covered and then what we will do we will move on to the membrane structure to introduce you to the ion channels exactly these ion channels are gated. So, I should I told you they are asymmetric they open only in one direction either they will ensure an a specific ion to move out or they won't they will allow it to move in and this is further they are opening and closing is further regulated by the voltage across the membrane as you remember while I was drawing if you see this picture. So, I told you that across this there is a so essentially there is a potential difference out here delta v and the change in this change in v leads to opening and closing of ion channels. In other word this gives rise to something called v g or voltage gated ion conducting channel or ion channels where voltage is ensuring a change a delta v out here is ensuring whether the channel will be in a open state or will be in a closed state and these are all pico nano femtosecond phenomena they are very very intense phenomena which takes place in a split of the moment and which pretty much regulates or ensure that we are kicking alive and kicking. So, with this brief background of bioelectric potential I will close on this class and I told a promise to that I will plug it plug in some of the things which I missed upon. So, some of the things which I missed in the first lecture which I will just come back yeah. So, what where I am going to so I told you that I will be talking about these inanimate objects of biological origin and their electrical phenomena which in the second lecture I was telling of the thermal regulation all those things. So, what I decided is this since it is not exclusively mentioned here what we will I will do is I will include them in this section out here in the bio energy section. So, basically out here we will talk about inanimate object of bio origin and electrical event. So, that is why we will be talking about T e or thermoelectric events and out here in the bio electricity of plants and all these things will introduce actually the photosynthesis. These are the two things which were sorry there is one more thing which is and in this section itself we will introduce this some of these insect based solar cell I told you solar cell this is why these are the three things which were not very clearly was coming out while I was kind of highlighting the course that where those will fit. So, those will fit as under the bio energy section where we will deal with those things. So, I will close on this and in the next class we will talk about the Nernst equation and we will talk about the action potential followed by that and in well we will sorry we will be talking about the ion channels and then the action potentials and in the in between this we will slide in the exact picture of the membrane how it looks like and how the ion channels three dimensional geometries are. So, thanks a lot.


If there is a deep deep prayer and asking for grace, bending before the soul, you will contribute more to that whole thing in a positive way and support those children than if you suffer because of what they are suffering. It's tough, I know what I'm saying is tough, but it's the way a spiritual adept has to live. There is no place for, you cannot give in to that emotional suffering that you undergo. You can't give in to it. You have to pull back and you have to go into prayer and go into being a servant of the soul. There's just one more person suffering. That's what it is.


Vika I was really looking forward to this interview with you Yes, yes, that's a general background for all our listeners our first met Vika I think there is going on to two years ago in a conference and the first time I I Saw you I met you what you were on stage and you were talking about one of my favorite subjects Wisdom and I and I was I was I was so pleased that Not not just that the fact that you were talking about it But also how you approach the subject because every time I thought about how to talk about the subject It has always felt to me like a like a little bit of a soft topic I'm not sure if that makes any sense But the way you presented it it was like strong and powerful And I was really impressed and I thought what is this guy has got something to communicate And and look at it. Look at us two years later. I have the pleasure of Talking to you For interviewing you and not only that I consider you a friend because we've met after that a few times and we have Spent quite a few conversations together. So I have a pleasure truly my pleasure to to to bring you To our audience. I have a little bit of a bio of you here Okay, read up on it a little bit You have been called the world's number one wisdom coach And this is correct in my in my point of view to the top wisdom and wealth guru and the Steve jobs of Wisdom that's that's a nice call and you are the creator of meditation Meditation made it made simple a coaching program that has been taught in over 15 countries and Vickers is respected as one of the world's leading teachers of wisdom meditation and mindfulness All favorite subjects of mine that it does very good and you have coached leading Corporations like Rolls Royce Procter and Gamble Siemens Nike What else you've got a very long list, but those are the the biggest that I recognize there But I'm sure that you're busy with other ones But you have a mistake here in your bio because he says because Malkani is a wisdom and wealth coach I think because Malkani is the wisdom of wealth coach Suggestion Peter I'll make sure that my team corrects that Yes, please So that world's number one wisdom of wealth coach, so I think the first question I have to ask you because this what is wisdom All right, and that's I think that's a great place to start Peter because a lot of people Somehow unconsciously they understand the importance of wisdom, but they do not have a clear Conscious understanding of what it is. So the way I like to explain it to people is by giving them an analogy Now think of your life as a car and let's say you have a great life. Let's say you have a great car Let's say you have a Ferrari So it looks beautiful and it can perform beautifully, but it'll only perform based on the engine that it's got So in other words the performance of the Ferrari doesn't come from the body of the Ferrari It comes from the engine of the Ferrari So the car is your life, but the engine is your mind So the quality of your mind Decides or creates the quality of your life however an Engine is only as good as the fuel that drives it So if I have a Ferrari with the Ferrari engine what I put in Substandard fuel in it Then that engine is not going to get me very far and the fuel that we put into the engine is wisdom So the car is my life The engine that drives the car is my mind and The fuel that drives the engine is wisdom So to put it very simply what is wisdom? Wisdom is what your mind works on It's what your mindset is created on It's your understanding of life of yourself of others and of the big picture that we are all a part of So that is wisdom it's about how your mindset is developed how life functions who you are and what other people are around you That's that's that's lovely see one of the problems with with This society that we live in is that from from my perspective is that we have managed to idolize the the brain instead of Taking care of the mind or and the heart So we have fed we put the left You know the left brain in charge instead of allowing the right brain in charge But to be honest we have learned on how to acquire a lot of knowledge We're really good at it and that is a good thing because it allows us to build things And it has allowed a lot of the advancement in Communication and in technology, which is great. We have a very cushy life as a result, which is nice And but there's something missing I think a lot of people that have got something missing as you know because I'm in in the field of well-being and mental health and You know mental health is going an in very interesting way It's going a medical way and I think that's the wrong way at heart because what you talk about that fuel That's missing in people and it doesn't matter you can medicate people, but that's not going to return the fuel And what's that feel for you? How do you feel because yeah, you know where Peter? You know the world recognizes you as an as an expert and authority on mental health and I want to I want to go back to that subject and just talk about How perhaps possibly we have not understood mental health correctly and Therefore we are not we are not able or empowered to really benefit from our own knowledge about it So let me let me put it to you this way the oldest understanding of The human being of human life on our planet comes from the comes from the field of meditation Which actually talks about the fact that the thoughts that you have in your mind, whatever I think all day in my mind Literally changes everything else in my body in my system So I am producing a lot of negative thoughts and I'm not even aware of that I'm going to produce thousands of these thoughts every day As a result of those repeated negative thoughts my body is going to respond Chemically so the chemicals in my body the chemical composition of my entire body begins to change based on the thoughts that I repeat in my head and of course we have understood this and science also Validates it that when the chemical composition of the body is changed a person feels differently In other words, we are chemical human beings But before we are chemical human beings we are all human beings of thought and Meditation the wisdom that I use in my life to coach people and companies like the ones you mentioned roles Roy's or rather You know its companies as a whole or it's the CEO's of the companies The wisdom that I use says that by understanding how your mind functions and training your mind To be more positive to be more peaceful You will not only see benefits in your mental health, but also in your physical health and then in the health of your company So I'm it's brilliant alignment with you that Mental health or just studying the brain is not enough. We have to understand about how the mind of the human being functions Absolutely, and you know what the interesting thing is now we have decades of research indicating that meditation is actually Very very useful in the way it operates in the brain, but not just for healthy people But also for people that are well, and there's good recovery Recovery Results that people have had because of that Would you say that meditation is the wisdom or is meditation the The methodology of putting the fuel into your mind or how exactly does it work? I mean, could there be somebody that does a lot of meditation and yet they're fairly what would you call it stupid? What's the opposite of a wisdom? I call it I call it an awareness, you know, stupid Meditation is not wisdom meditation is a means or an instrument of wisdom So we meditate to understand more and we meditate to bring the wisdom into our life In fact, the way I coach people the way I teach in my meditation made simple program, which you mentioned I One of the first core teachings is that there are three parts of your journey to growth or your journey in personal development And those three parts the first one is wisdom it's about understanding who you are and how the world around you functions and the second part is the tools and Techniques of meditation and the third part or the third anchor is then the actual application of that So the three parts are first an understanding of wisdom for which obviously I need a coach or a teacher Or or some sort of a you know in ancient times They would call them gurus, but today the word is very misunderstood so I need some sort of a mentor or a coach a wisdom coach and then I need to understand the Techniques of meditation and then the third a third element is that I need to apply it or practice it in my life And that's when my life begins to change so wisdom is what I would say is the mother and Meditation or mindfulness is simply the offspring or the child of wisdom Great, and how would you I mean one of these things that people normally say in our field When faced with this kind of talk, which I think it's very it's healthy and it's wise talk but one of the The obstacles or objections. That's the right way that I was looking for the objections that they say is but you know what I Don't I'm not really in control of my thoughts. They just happen. I have a lot of thoughts in there Have what what's your take on that? Yeah, so when I hear this all the time Peter and when people actually say that to me I'm not in control of my thoughts My answer to them is simply this that itself is a thought the fact that you're saying I'm not in control of my thoughts is a thought itself and as long as you hold on to that thought as long as you choose it You do control your thoughts, but choosing that thought is not the right decision because it brings with itself The opposite of empowerment in other words you become a victim and you say well I can't do anything about what's going on So what we need to do is to flip that thought to saying I can be in control of my thoughts I can choose my thoughts and go from I can to I will to I do So that's how we progress, but we always have a right to choose how we think Let's go back a little bit. Let's think of a child who has just been born a newborn baby a Newborn baby has no particular way of thinking in fact. They don't have a mindset yet One of the famous lines is that every child is born with a mind, but not a mindset The mind up later on and a mindset is developed essentially based on the experiences that we have with the Circumstances we are surrounded by and that's called conditioning So my circumstances and my conditioning creates my mindset people coming from different parts of the world have a different way of thinking Because that conditioning and the circumstances as I grew up Created that mindset for me which today rules my life Here's the truth every human being you I and every person listening in the audience is driven by their own thoughts But the question is where do our thoughts come from and you realize that if you go back and just study the life of any Given person our thoughts are created from the time when we were young all the way to where we are today So essentially my life experience and the conditioning of my life has created my thoughts on my mindset And today my mindset rules my life Changing what I believe about the world literally changes my mindset and therefore it'll change everything else in my life Is that I mean that's beautiful and I and I really connect with it I'm sure our audience also connects with that But I'm just wondering is that because you have had such an easy life Because that it's easy for you to do that Or is that something that you have had to work on? Yes, well most people would think that because when they see me today, you know, I'm I'm always happy always smiling and I'm always peaceful I'm traveling the world. I'm coaching the top people in the world. I'm coaching the top companies in the world I'm meeting amazing people like yourself So people think I've always had it easy, but if they only study my life, they'll realize that's not the truth We have all gone through our ups and downs At the age of 29, I went through a great inner awakening and you know, I had many inner experiences I had this epiphany a wake-up call and awakening and enlightenment moment as people call it But that changed my life completely at the age of 29 and that inspired me To start a whole new life So I quit as the CEO of a multi-million dollar company and I walked away and I started my new business which is called sold center and I became a wisdom coach and Even my life before that for the 10 years before that in fact from the time when I was 14 till the time I was 29 I was on a search I was on a quest for wisdom because Peter at the age of 14. I Had seen extremes of life. I had seen the extremely successful I had seen the extremely wealthy people because that was a circle I moved with and I had also seen immense Suffering and unhappiness inside the same human being in other words I saw people who were successful on the outside, but very unsuccessful and unhappy on the inside I saw people were literally pretending to be what they were not So a person was not authentic on the outside There was happiness and smiles and laughter and jovialness But in a moment of quiet this person had extreme stress and unhappiness and regret and I began to question as a 14-year-old boy That this is not how life should be. We must be happy We must be peaceful all the time not once in a while and that brought me to a great Understanding which today is one of my favorite quotes. It's called wealth without wisdom is failure and Wisdom without wealth is frustration So you need both essentially you need that external success But you need to couple it with your inner happiness and that inner peace and that's what I do now So I bring it to people in a very practical manner My life has gone through ups and downs and that's what took me on the search of wisdom because I realized that Wisdom is the only cure. There is nothing else There's nothing else that will bring Peace and stability and happiness to a human being on a consistent basis. It's not other people. It's not relationships It's not business. It's not your results. It's not the the bank account that you own It's not even your health because all of those things will go up and down up and down up and down The only thing that is yours to keep forever a Treasure that can never be taken away is wisdom acquire wisdom optimize your life Absolutely, absolutely Again, I can say challenge because it's like like you can be fine And I think I'm most most of us, you know, we're fine most of the time Those of us that are more lucky some of us Not good most of the time and then we have moments of happiness but you know the majority of people they are fine most of the time and then without they're doing something happens or Something changes within them So it's hard to be happy all the time. And is it even reasonable to be happy all the time? I don't think you've been ecstatically happy So you what what do you can you know? Yeah, you see look here's the thing right we live in the world. Yeah, we cannot control We can't live with people that we cannot control True cannot control every result of every action that you take Yeah, right no matter who you are you could be the the president of a country or you could be Peter or you could be vikkas Or you could be anybody you cannot control your external world The only that's scary Control the only thing that you can control is your responses to it and your responses big by how you think about what's happening around you and That's where wisdom says to you that if you want to maintain inner harmony if you want to maintain your peace if you want to Maintain your status of equanimity if you want to have that happiness and happiness is not ecstasy You know happiness is a state of inner contentment inner peace inner empowerment If you want to have that then the only way that you will accomplish that goal is To acquire wisdom to have those tools and techniques and practice those and Once you do that no matter what goes on around you You still are in control of your own life and of the way you are feeling because our feelings are not connected to what's around us I give you an example of this Peter just to make it even simpler for our read for our listeners Say that I'm running a company because a lot of people that I coach our business people I am I'm caught a wisdom and wealth coach because I coach companies to increase their profits And I coach people on how to become multimillionaires. So my my point is this right? Let's say you're running a business You have a great team in place. You've got enough capital You have a great idea and you do everything that you can to achieve your targets at the end of the year Your yearly targets in spite of that in spite of the fact that for all the years Looked like you're just going to achieve your targets on the fourth quarter. There's a world event something happens and Suddenly because the world event affects the world economies everything goes down people tighten their belts Nobody spends money. You don't meet your targets. Now you did everything you possibly could but in the end you didn't meet your targets Does that necessarily mean that you are going to be unhappy or that you're going to get depressed or that you're going to be Agitated the answer is no it all depends on how you respond to that or how you process that external result so if I take that as I've done my best. I did whatever was possibly in my hands and Now the fact that the economy changed and I couldn't achieve my targets gives me feedback on how I can do it better the next time around Then suddenly this has been a good event for me However, I take it to be as if it's a personal failure Even though I Events then that personal failure can not only make me very negative. It can make me very irritable It can make me a grouch. It can make me a very grumpy person But it can also if I keep on feeding my mind on it. It can also bring me to a state of depression Because I have coached people who have been in depression and often the depression is caused by one or two or three Negative thoughts that keep on getting repeated and then they come with what I call the snowball effect You know one thought leads to another another to another and before I know it nothing in my life is right And I'm feeling overwhelmed and I just give up and there you go. I'm in depression And you can't sleep and everything becomes first. I guess I guess I mean the majority of the people that I've worked with They understand that intellectually like they say yeah, we're on board, you know That obviously the way we would like to be able to react but the reality is that Even if I believe it, you know, the people around me might not believe it I may lose my job because you know competitors or competitors may may take over the market or competitors within my my company may may May may do things and I could they get rid of me or I lose the job and I can't pay my mortgage or The worst fear of all people I may end up in the street So that's got nothing to do with how I feel on the inside, but that makes it happen on the outside What would you say to people saying that we can Yeah, sure, here's the first thing right in my example when I mentioned that it's a global event The world economies are affected if my company has been affected and we didn't meet our targets The chances are even my competitors competitors did not meet their targets, right because it's a global issue So it's an event which affects everyone. So that's my first First case the first point that I want to make the second point is this You know when you say that what if my what if I lose my job? It's a what if question a what if question always has the other flip side What if you don't? So here comes a question then why are we focusing on the negative 50% rather than the positive 50% good point Because we have to train our mind to focus on the positives on the possibilities on the potential rather than the problems So we understand sounds like like work, so doesn't it? No, it's actually fairly easy once you get your training. It's it's really a simple task But for anything in the beginning you have to put in some time and some effort Here's the deal Peter a great life a happy life a good life or positive life Is a great treasure and to get any great treasure requires a little bit of work Now the more you get the easier the work is Because a coach will teach you exactly how to do the things the right way Do you see and here's another fact? So that would be my second point my first point would be a global event would affect everyone including my competitors So why am I thinking I'm the only guy suffering? That's the wrong way of thinking the second would be that you know If it's a what if question that has a flip side to it. What if I don't get fired? What if I get promoted because they saw how much I've worked and how well I did it So there's always a what if on the positive side. Let's focus on that. Here's the third element Let's say even if I'm fired Again, my point is how do I respond to that? Because if I'm fired is another external event that I did not control and now I respond to it by saying Oh my god, that's it. My life is over. I'll never find another job Can you see how negative the thoughts are in the mind on the other hand think well? I'm being fired because this company doesn't respect my value. I've done my best all year I've given my hundred and ten percent of this company the result is because of something I didn't control and They still want to fire me. Certainly. This is not a company. I want to work for I'm going to find a better company to work for I'm going to take my talent somewhere else or you know what I'm going to actually Finally decide to follow my own dreams and start in my own company and become an entrepreneur There you go You do a startup you get because Mulqani as your coach next, you know You're getting external funding and you're on your way to being a deca mill in That I think I think everybody that is listening to you right now Vika would agree with me that yes That's the person I want to be That is exactly the person I want to be Here's the thing right here's the thing Here's a line that I want you to remember it's it's on my books.  Some of us realize it some of us don't and we are writing it in every minute Based on how we respond to what life brings us Because none of us can control life but in how we respond To what life brings us we are writing the story of our life. We are the authors of our own life stories That's right. That's that's lovely And I believe that not only you mentioned that something really interested you talked about wisdom and then you linked it with wealth Yes, I Have known a lot of wise people that were not very wealthy They were not hungry. They were not hungry, but they were not necessarily wealthy, but you've linked it both Can I can I just have a couple of minutes of explanation for the for the benefit of all their audience? Yes You know, this is a favorite question. I love this question and thank you for asking me this Here's the thing right if I get wisdom it allows me to be happy peaceful It allows me to be a person of stability. It allows me to be a person who is able to help others But if I cannot take this wisdom and apply it to my own fulfillment I'm never going to be a full human being. I'm going to be only a half human being in a I live in two worlds. All of us do the inner world and the outer world I live in this inner world of my thoughts my emotions my feelings I need to get that right and that comes through wisdom But then I live in the second world Which is the external world the world of economies the world of society the world of relationships the world of families The world of buying and selling Everything on our planet today really is a transaction Sure, you go to a restaurant. You order a meal.   Let's say from Amazon. So I won't spend any money at all So you spend all day just lazing around sleeping relaxing in your house watching TV Have you spent money on that day and the answer is yes Because you're paying for the apartment that you're living in Absolutely, you know, you're paying income tax for that day of the year your electricity bills If you're watching TV But that's the fact that's a fact Every day of our life We are spending money whether we like it or not So we have to find a means or a way of earning that wealth So that my external life can also be lived masterfully and I use wisdom to help people to become successful and significant It's not just about wealth, but I say you must take it once they're beyond We create wealth first we create that external business success Individual success first so that the wealth comes in but then after that for the people that I coach who are alright already Multi-millionaires and you know, I even coach some families which have billion dollar networks billion dollar networks I always say now it's time for you to take it one step forward We go from success to significance and then we even talk about legacy because life requires four things My program Peter, you know, you may be aware of this is called the life wisdom matrix That's the program that I created under which all of my teachings and my coaching falls the life wisdom matrix And here's the core principle of the life wisdom matrix Life is like a table that needs four legs to be stable Life is like a table that needs four legs to be stable. The first leg is happiness success Significance and legacy. So you have four things that you need to make your whole life complete well Yeah, and we use wisdom for everything because wealth is good because you need the wealth to become significant in your life Yeah, no, absolutely. Yeah You you you want to have that security absolutely Look, this is this is fantastic. Um, and I don't want One of one of the things that I know is that you do have one day that you put on for free for people Don't they this so they can come and and listen to you on this matter of wealth wisdom and Winning I believe isn't it? Yes. Well, who is them and winning? I'm I do Well wisdom and winning so that one day, I know that you're coming to Australia, but you're you've also done some in Singapore Um, where else have you done that? We have done programs in Philippines in Singapore multiple programs We are taking the program now to Australia. We'll be in Bali soon. We'll be in a will be in Dubai So we're you know, we started it only a few months ago But it's it's becoming a global brand and we're getting invitations from all over to come and to be coaching people there and Nothing about wealth wisdom winning. It was a concept that I came up with a few months ago And then I partnered with a wonderful gentleman from he's American But he lives in the Philippines. His name is John Rankin's he's known as the millionaire maker And he started life from welfare and he's now a multimillionaire so you know the world's number one wisdom coach and the millionaire maker we sort of got together and We came up with this idea of taking Wisdom to the world to be able to create external wealth and to be able to live life like winners So that's where the idea of Wisdom wealth wisdom and winning comes from so we launched in August 2018 and you know, we have we have already done multiple programs in the Philippines and in Singapore Very successful. We've had breakthroughs. We have got people, you know saying that We have changed their lives. We have turned around their businesses and now we are coming into Australia So in in February of 2019 Wealth wisdom winning is coming to Australia. We'll be doing events in multiple cities in Melbourne Sydney Gold Coast and Brisbane We would also be coming in for a two-day coach So people come for a free event. It's a three hour free event We are John Rankin's and I because Malkani will be coaching them for free completely Once they come in and they feel that they are getting the value and they want to be coached by us Then we bring them in for a two-day mastermind program Sounds great. Sounds great. But this is not just for people to have for businesses. Isn't that? It's for people who want to start businesses who want to grow their businesses or people in jobs And they are wanting to come out of the corporate life and they want to start something of their own They want to have a sense of freedom and empowerment. It's for those type of people But it's also for people who just want a better life who believe in personal development Who want to go to the next level of their own potential It's for everyone anyone who values happiness or success Anyone who wants to grow their life or their business? That's what it's for because what I do is I share wisdom to win the game of life and the game of business Brilliant you had me at hello because Fantastic, I was just wondering this is this is gold and I wish more people Watch this video and they do come to see that program the one-day program and hopefully join join us for the mastermind Because I'm wondering what's the one thing you would like people to take away from from our interview today The one thing the one lesson If if they don't hear the whole interview or if they hear it and forget everything else We have shared the one lesson. I want everyone to remember is that we are the authors of our own life story We are creating our life life is what we make it to be. It's not written down. It's not predestined It's not on the lines on your head or on the lines of your hands or it's not written up there in the sky somewhere We are writing the story of our life Every day every day every day as we live and we are writing it by the thoughts we have and the actions we take So the one answer the one lesson the one teaching that I want everyone To live with is that we are the authors of our own life story Get wisdom into your life and start to like write the story that you love That's beautiful. That's beautiful. You like that exactly The philosophy and the approach of the workplace mental health Institute on how we approach all things mental health all things mental health from workplace from personal from life and resilience and We're very happy to be collaborating and partnering together for these events in Australia Maybe the world who knows it is the beginning, but we're very excited because to be on board with you and to continue an expansion what is an expansion of of a lifelong friendship really and thank you very much for being here in in this interview and Well, we'll keep going and everybody please We will send an email if you want to receive their magazines We will let you know when Vickers and John and John Rankins will be here talking about what? Wisdom wealth and winning We call it wealth wisdom and winning because wisdom is is in the center wisdom is the core Wisdom is what keeps everything together. I like that. I like that wealth wisdom and winning wealth very good Thank you very much because Thank You Peter and it's wonderful talking to you and You know, I'm more than happy to see your tribe and your family at our events And we'll reach out to them through you and we'll make sure that you know, they are benefited. Thank you very much Bring me on your show. Thank you. Bye. Bye. Bye. Bye