In this video, I will show you how to automate the entire process of conducting online training with breakout rooms and using the power of Microsoft Excel pivot tables and slices to summarize and analyze the success of your training program. This is an advanced training requiring good skills in both Zoom and Microsoft Excel. So if you're feeling adventurous, let's get started. I recently helped to organize an online training for Toastmaster club officers using Zoom. The training consists of main education sessions conducted for all attendees and breakout sessions for training on specific club officer roles such as president, VP education, etc. The training program awards credits to members for attending this training session and participants have the option to choose which training program they would like to attend. After the program, we need the attendance data by division to assign credits to the participants by uploading on the Toastmasters website. This is what I did to automate everything. Start by scheduling your meeting in Zoom. Let me give a name to my meeting. Let's call it D20 club officers training. Select the date and time the event will be conducted and the duration of the event. And this is very important. Make sure you select registration required. Zoom has a robust registration process. I have an entire video on creating meetings with registration, branding and custom fields. I will include a link to that video in the description. I highly recommend you check that out if you are not comfortable with the registration process. Once you save your meeting, you can scroll down and we can see that registration is now enabled for this meeting. Click on the edit button and here we can customize the registration process, whether you want the registrations to be automatically approved or whether you want to manually approve each and every registration and other customizations that you can do for your meeting. The important part for us is the questions. When you enable registrations for your Zoom meeting, email and first name are mandatory and the last name is optional, but you can make it mandatory by clicking here and you can include other standard fields available in Zoom. For example, let's say I want to include the country and I want to make it mandatory. The important part for us is the custom questions. If we go back to our training requirements, we can see that we need the club name, we need the role that the participant will attend and all the data needs to be organized by division. So coming to the custom questions, I have created four custom fields, the division, the club name, the role and an additional field. If the participant filling the registration form has to choose from a list of finite choices, for example, like division, we have nine choices. You can enter it as a single answer and that will appear as a dropdown for the person filling the form. The same applies to roles because we have finite number of roles, only seven roles. So we can define them also as a single answer and give an option if the person is not belonging to one of the roles, then he can choose I'm not a current XCOM member. When it comes to a field where the choice is large, for example, a club name, we have more than 100 clubs. If I made it as a single answer, it would be very difficult for the participant to select his correct club name by scrolling through a big list. In this case, I have chosen the option short answer, which means they have to type in the club name. Now this has both advantages as well as disadvantages. The advantages, it's very easy for someone to fill out the registration form. The disadvantages, each person will type the club name differently and that will require some kind of manual corrections from our site. You have to weigh the pros and cons, whether you should make it a single answer or a short answer. Similarly, if you want to capture any additional information, we can also make that as a short answer and make it as an optional field, not a mandatory field. And we are set. The next thing I like to do is to take this registration link and run it through a URL shortener. You can use any URL shortener of your choice, but I like to use Bitly, bitly, and you can click the link here and click the shorten button. And now we have a simple URL that we can share in our PR posters or other material. If I go to a browser and paste the link, it will take me to the registration form that we have just created. To learn how we can do this branding, do check out my other video. As we can see, the division appears as a single answer, which means I have to choose from a drop-down list. The same applies to the XCOM role that I had defined, the seven choices plus an additional choice. The club name has to be entered. And the last field that we had created, as you can see, it's an optional field. We don't have the red asterisks next to it, which means I can leave it blank. And click the register button and that's all there is to it. Once participants start registering for the event, you can monitor the number of registrations by going to the registration section and click the view button. This will give you a list of all the people who have registered for the event. But that's a simple way of doing it. This is an advanced training. So we must do it the advanced way, which is to download the registration data in Excel and to use pivot tables to quickly analyze our registration data. To do that, go to your Zoom account in the report section, select the meeting and choose the registration report for the date of your event. Select the date on which your event is scheduled and click on the search button. In my case, it is already showing it to me here. So all I have to do is click on the generate button. And since we have selected automatic registration in our setup, I can choose all registration and click continue. This will generate the report and click on the download button to download it on your PC as an Excel file. Once the file is downloaded, it will appear at the bottom of your screen. Click on it and that will launch Excel. So this is my registration data, the first name, last name, email, the registration time, the division, the club name, role, whatever we had defined in the registration form. And as we had expected, because we had given the club name as a text field to make it easy for the participants to fill up the registration form, there will be differences in the way the names are entered. And we can correct this in the Excel file. Now using the power of Microsoft Excel, we can analyze this data in different ways. How many registrations are there from each division? How many registrations are there per role? I want to answer these questions just like that. Go to insert and pivot table Excel automatically identifies that this is a table. And you can see it has highlighted the table with the green lines. We will take the analysis into a new worksheet and click OK to understand how many divisions have registered. You can click on the division and drag it to the rows. Identify a field that is unique. Usually that will be the email ID. And if I take this field and I drag it into the values, automatically Excel will understand because it's not a numeric field that we want to count it. So it will count the number of email IDs per division. And voila, I have the registration report by division. If I want to further analyze by division, which roles have registered, select the XCOM role and drag that under columns. And it will show you division wise, role wise, how many have registered. You can use this data to understand what's happening in the registration process, whether we need more registrations or whether we should stop the registrations. The next part of our training is the event itself. And that is perhaps the easiest part of this training because as per the diagram that we had created, we need a waiting room and we can enable that by clicking on security and say enable waiting room. We need seven breakout sessions. So we need to create seven breakout rooms. And we can do that by clicking on the breakout room button and choose the manual option and click create. The first breakout room is created by default, but I can name it. And let's say as per the diagram, we wanted it to be president and then define the remaining six breakout rooms as per naming convention of your choice. Click add room and let's call this VP education, VP membership. So these are the seven breakout rooms that we need for this training session. And the only thing we need to do as moderators is click on the options and make sure that we take the first choice, which is allow participants to choose room. And what this does is when you open the breakout rooms, the participants will get an alert on their screen showing them all the seven breakout rooms and they can click and choose the breakout room of their choice. If you wish to allow participants to return to the main session anytime, you can enable that. And do not check the third option because participants should not automatically be moved to the breakout room, but they should move at their own pace and choice. And that's all there is to it. When your meeting starts, conduct it as a regular zoom meeting. The main sessions will start and when it is time for participants to move to the breakout rooms, all you have to do is click open all rooms. And your job as a tech moderator is essentially done. The final part of this training is to tabulate the attendance data. And this is the most difficult part because we have registration data and we have attendance data, but how do you connect them together? Let's see. You need to go back to zoom and download two reports. The first report we have seen already the registration report that you find in the reports section under meeting. Download the latest version of this report after the event has concluded because that will give you the most up to date registration data. Next, go back to the report section and this time we will download the usage data, which is the actual attendance of our meeting. Click usage. Next, select the date on which your event was conducted. Then click the search button and it should give you your event. We can see how long the event took and how many participants were there. Click on the link which shows you the number of participants. And we have an option to download this report in two forms.  And that is too detailed for our needs. What we need is a summary report which is the unique users which show us the name of the person, his email ID and how many minutes this person was in the zoom session. Click export and like the previous report, it should download it on your PC as an Excel file. So now we have two Excel files, the registration data and we have the attendance data. Let's open both the Excel files and see what to do next. So I have opened both the Excel files. On the left is the registration data. On the right is the attendance data. How many minutes each participant was there in the zoom session with their email ID. From the registration file, I don't really need the registration time or the approval status. So let me delete both these columns. So I have the names, emails, the division, the club, the XCOM role and on this side I have the email and the duration. The field that links both of this together is the email ID because that's unique. Ideally the registration file should have more rows than the attendance file. If I scroll down I can see I have 191 rows which means 190 registrations but if I look in the other file and I scroll down I can see 216 and that doesn't make sense because only those who have registered could have attended our meetings and here it shows us that there is more records than registrations. So there must be some problem in the attendance data and I need to fix that first. The problem is if a person has logged off and logged in again and given slightly different names then zoom will consider it as separate records but if I summarize the attendance time by email ID I should be fine. And how can I do that? Again I can use the power of the pivot tables to summarize the attendance data by email ID. Click on the attendance data, click insert and click pivot tables. Excel will automatically identify the table data and I will create a new worksheet. In this I will enter the email ID and I will select the total duration and place it under values and this will give me the total duration summarized by each email ID and this should be less than 190. And if I scroll down I can see it is 160 rows. To make my analysis easy I'm going to copy this data, press Ctrl C to copy and I will go to my registration worksheet and add a new sheet here and right click anywhere and say paste values. So now I have in the same excel file a registration data in one sheet and the attendance data in the other sheet. Let me rename the sheet as attendance. Now if I go to the registration report I can find out which person attended the session and how long they were there in the session. To do that let me add a new column here and I'll call it minutes attended. Now to tell excel to put the number of minutes against each of the email ID we are going to use a formula called vlookup which is a way of saying that look at this email ID in this sheet and bring me the attendance data in the registration file. For those of you who don't know what is vlookup it's very simple formula type equal to and vlookup open the brackets and for the lookup value we will go for the email ID which is column C here. So I will type C2 and then I will go to the attendance data to do that I will click on the attendance sheet select the whole table a1 to b160 with a comma and tell excel to get me the value from column number two which has the attendance minutes. So let me type two and I want an exact match not approximate match so I can just type false. So this is how the vlookup formula works you take the email ID you search it in the attendance data and you bring the second column which has the attendance minutes press enter. Now all I have to do is copy this formula to the rest of the rows but before I do that I have to make a small change to this formula and this is related to the attendance data which has the data from a1 to b160 and as I copy I want to tell excel not to change anything here it should always be a1 to b160 and we do that by putting a dollar sign in front of a and 1 and b and 160 absolute values instead of relative values press enter and now I can safely copy this formula to all the cells and it brings me for every person how many minutes they have attended this session beautiful the only problem is for people who did not attend it brings this error which says not available the data is not available because he did not attend and instead of having that what I would like to do is I would like to put zero there are many ways to do this but the way I like to do it is to use a function called if is and a that means there is no value available for this whole set then simply put zero else copy this formula that should do it if I now copy this formula to all the rows then it will show zero for people who did not attend the session one final thing I like to do is to make sure that I have really picked up all the attendance data and the way I can do that is first of all let me summarize the total minutes attended by everyone by going to the bottom here and putting a sum function so 17,884 minutes is the total attendance I'm getting in this sheet let me go to the attendance sheet and summarize that too if I say some I get 18,087 so there is a small difference let me see how much is the actual difference so let me put the total attendance from here and if I say equals to this minus this I see there is a difference of 203 minutes somewhere and the answer lies in the host the host is the only person who does not register for this event and login through the registration link he is the person who launches the meeting so let me go to the attendance data and check that by searching for 203 minutes and I can see that this is the ID of the host the person who created this event and there is no registration record for that person so now I know that the attendance data is perfect all I have to now do is to create the final attendance data to be uploaded to the Toastmaster website how do I do that once again select insert pivot table go to the new worksheet to generate the attendance report I can select division the xcom role as the column and the email ID as count you may want to filter the attendance to make sure there is a minimum criteria so for example let's say I put the minutes attended in the filter it will appear as a filter for me and if I click on this arrow I can see there are some people who have attended for less than 10 minutes or less than 20 minutes so if you want to eliminate this as non attendance all we have to do is select multiple items and remove this attendance from the final report so minimum 20 minutes let's say is the requirement and if I now click okay now I can see only 150 attendees from 190th that means many have attended the session for a very brief period of time if I want to include the club name in this report select the club name and drop it in the rows and now we have the report by division by club the club name needs to be cleaned up but this is something we need to do as part of a cleanup process if you want this data in table format you can click on design and report layout and choose show in table form and this is easier to manage and the last thing is I did mention that I would talk about slices and slices is a way of filtering your data and you do that by clicking on pivot analyze and insert slicer and let's say I want to insert a slicer for the XCOM role and what I can do with slicer is select only those roles that I want to include in my attendance data so it will exclude the non XCOM members very cool so that was an entire overview of creating online events using zoom right from registration running the event and then getting the attendance and tabulating the results I hope you found this resource useful and I wish you all the best


All right. Well, thank you very much Eric for that kind introduction and I had kind of thought, you know When I took the position as NHGRI scientific director that I was coming in in era two and it only became evident about three weeks later after October 10th 2010 when there was the Famous Tea Party election that things were much different for us than than what I had originally Anticipated but in any case it's it's been a lot of fun. It's been a challenge. It's really been Something that has made us think a lot about our priorities And I hope that over the course of the next few minutes We can talk at least a little bit about that just to give you an overview of what I'm going to talk about This afternoon we'll start out just with some general things with regard to the intramural research and the in the NHGRI a little bit of its history some of its current Accomplishments, and then I'll at least give you an overview of the vision statement that Eric alluded to We'll then get into the nuts and bolts of the intramural program at least a little bit Talking about space personnel and funding and then finally we'll settle on the challenges and opportunities The two major ones of which are maintaining the scientific excellence of the program and Having an equitable way of allocating resources particularly in constrained budgets So in any case just to get started with this the history of the NHGRI intramural program as Eric said it was established in 1993 by Francis Collins upon his recruitment as director of the then National Center for Human Genome Research and Francis I understand actually did Really want to have an intramural program and part of the reason for that was to have it do something that was a little bit different From the extramural activities of the Institute so the extramural Activities of the Institute were focused very much on developing the infrastructure For the human genome project whereas the intent for the intramural program was to capitalize on the unique resources of the NIH intramural environment to establish a world-class program in genetics genomics and genomic medicine and Secondly to catalyze a genomic transformation of the intramural programs of the other NIH Institutes and at that time I was actually in NIAMs the National Institute for Arthritis Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Doing positional cloning in a different Institute and we really did look to NHGRI or NCHGR as it was called at that time as really a catalytic force that would enable a lot of Research directions that otherwise were challenging in the intramural program certainly with regard to the unique resources of the NIH intramural environment the one that is most noteworthy, I suppose is the NIH clinical center at the time that in NCHGR Established its intramural program the building was just This part of it this new Hospital complex was opened in 2005. I think it is but in any case it is the world's largest hospital dedicated just to research It currently has 234 beds I guess it is all patients who are admitted to the hospital are admitted on a research protocol And it really does afford all kinds of opportunities for one to do various clinical and translational and observational Projects and so it is an enormous advantage to be an intramural investigator With the availability of the clinical center other distinctive features of intramural NIH Include an institutional commitment to researchers over projects a quadrennial heavily retrospective review Which then enables perhaps long-term studies that require stable funding and high-risk High-reward projects that would be difficult to do in an R01 funded environment In terms of catalyzing the genomic transformation of the intramural NIH in the 1990s I think it's fair to say that the Institute the intramural program had an enormous impact and I've just listed some of the projects on this slide and the Institutes that were involved these are for the most part projects that were initiated by people in the other institutes But that drew upon some of the resources and the expertise that was brought to campus by the the genome Institute and so for example The identification of Alps autoimmune lymphoproliferative disease in NIA ID The identification by Marsden-Linahan of various kidney cancer genes Endocrine neoplasa genes in NIDDK tumor suppressor genes by Constantine Stratoccus and child health and so forth So that it really did the Institute had an enormous impact more broadly in the 1990s and another example of this Was Jeff Trent's pioneering work with regard to microarray gene expression technology Currently there's a lot that's going on in the intramural program of the genome Institute and certainly I don't have time Eric Did not give me the three hours that I had asked for to talk to you We were going to send out for pizza even but so I'll just List a few of the high points of some of the things that have been going on in the intramural program in the recent past Such as that one's Dransky's work showing that Gauchay mutations are very important predisposing factors for Parkinson's disease Bill Gaul and the undiagnosed disease program and the recent New England journal paper on Genetic form of arterial calcification as well as a nature genetics paper on gray platelet syndrome max munka has been doing genetics of holoprosencephaly and really really is a world leader in that field last B. Sackler finding somatic AKT-1 mutations and Proteus syndrome Francis of course with his work on Progeria Laura Elnitsky one of our tenure track investigators who's played a prominent role in the end code Publications that came out in nature just a week or so ago Paul Lou our deputy scientific director Who's had a couple of papers in the cell family of journals over the last year Chuck Venditti another tenure tracker? Who studies methylmolyneic aciduria and had a paper in nature genetics, and it's only two slides So don't worry. I'm not going to go on to the 10th or whatever But anyway, I think that many of you know of Elaine Ostrander's work on canine genetics Which has really led to a number of science papers published in the last several years yardena Samuels Who's actually taking a tenured position at the Weizmann Institute? In a few months has been a leader in whole exome sequencing in melanoma Julie Segre had a paper published in science translational medicine a week or two ago on Bacterial whole genome sequencing to track nosocomial infections Jim Mulliken the head of our sequencing center Has had a couple of science papers in the last year or so on the Neanderthal genome and deep sequencing of HIV one neutralizing antibodies Charles Rotimi had a New England journal paper within the last few months on genetics susceptibility to Potoconiosis Pam Schwartzberg a real expert in T cell signaling and the immunologic synapse Inza Yang who's had a couple of nature family journal articles on skeletal development and I'll just add my own lab which had a New England journal paper on PLC gamma to signaling and Immune dysregulation and we have another paper that will probably come out in nature later this fall on Signaling the inflammasome so there's a lot that's going on in the intramural program There's a lot more than what I said But this is just to give you some sense that it's really a vibrant and exciting place and a lot of really good science is going on this slide in addition to illustrating some of the Title pages of some of these articles is also a testimony to the slowness of a PC rather than a Mac and on which this talk was Composed but in any case you can see the the evidence for yourselves So in any event and when this is done we can move on to To the rest of the talk, I think there's only Here it is that's the end of that one so In any event and then you know talking about the effect of the intramural program on the broader intramural program of the NIH I don't think that there is any doubt That it continues to have really an enormous impact much greater than the percentage of the budget that That we are and we're I think around 3% overall of the intramural budget of the NIH but certainly we have a much bigger footprint whether it be with regard to being the the expert source of sequencing on campus or the development of the Center for chemical genomics or the trans NIH RNAi screening facility or CIDR the Center for Inherited Disease Research Which I think Bob actually was The founding father of a few years ago These are all things that have had a broad impact on the investigators on in a number of other institutes We do a lot of education the current topics and genome analysis had 1200 or rather 1500 enrollees in 2012 and we have it on YouTube. So there's a lot of views of it The medical genetics and genetic counselors training program also have a big impact the UDP I think you've already heard at least a little bit about that It's had an enormous impact that is now spreading through the common fund Extramirally, we have been a major supporter of a large zebrafish facility and developing libraries of retroviral and ENU mutagenized fish We have a gene therapy consortium that we lead and also Charles Rotimi's Center for research on genomics and global health. So there's a lot of things that we've been doing one of the things in terms of just where we're going with things the blue ribbon panel did very wisely ask us to come up with a vision statement which we did and Actually, the vision statement is in the materials as Eric told you I've just excerpted a few Items from the vision statement to give you a flavor for it Certainly the overarching goal as I've already said is to lead the way on the NIH campus with innovative research into the genetics genomics pathophysiology and treatment of human disease Leading to a deeper understanding of human biology. We certainly have a commitment to excellence as an abiding principle We recognize the synergies among basic research clinical investigation and social and behavioral Implications we want to capitalize on the things that are important in the intramural environment whether it be the specialized resources or the colleagues that we have As collaborators and we are committed to catalyze genetics and genomics across the NIH campus And we are committed to make use of the rigorous external review and advice of the board of scientific counselors and NHGRI council to help us with our decisions We had four areas of emphasis that we enumerated in the vision statement The first of them being Developing and implementing state-of-the-art genomics technologies and analytic tools and disseminating across the research community The second that deals with clinical and translational research taking advantage of the availability of the clinical center Thirdly advancing at least in specialized in chosen areas studies in basic science and then fourthly our commitment to training in the field In terms of where are we going? The last paragraph of the vision statement deals with that and we point out that we have built a very Integrated program of genomic technology clinical investigation and basic science and what we see is our Goal for the next ten years is really to exploit these opportunities and to set An example for others in terms of how to do it and how to bring together technology and clinical investigation and basic science and certainly in terms of this I'm sure now A very familiar heat map we see the role of the intramural program as being primarily in the middle three domains understanding the biology of genomes understanding the biology of disease and advancing the science of medicine certainly the Understanding of the structure of the genome has been more the domain of the extramural program and certainly in terms of the Practice of medicine perhaps just because of the differences in the way medicine is practiced at the clinical center We're not the ones Necessarily to be taking the lead in that area in terms of the nuts and bolts of the intramural program at least as of this year We are spread out across the campus. We're actually in seven different buildings on campus and a couple of buildings off campus The personnel are broken down the scientific personnel are broken down into seven different branches Illustrated on this slide all together. We have 45 investigators in the intramural program of them 23 our tenured senior investigators six of them our tenure track investigators, and then we have 16 associate investigators that are sort of like the research Faculty at a academic medical center. We also have nine adjunct investigators who are actually in other institutes But have a special collaborative relationship with our institute this slide just shows the photos of the Individuals who are our faculty members all together our personnel census is about 520 individuals In the intramural program currently in addition to having the various research laboratories We have eight different cores shown on this slide. We have the NIH intramural sequencing center Which is basically a mid-sized genome sequencing center that provides next-gen sequencing and sequence analysis It's total budget is about seven million dollars out of a one hundred and four million dollar total budget for the intramural program Jim Mulligan is the director. There's a staff of about 36. They have three High-seq 2000 machines as well as several other Sequencers and they really have been extremely Collaborative with intramural investigators being involved in a lot of disease gene investigations The undiagnosed disease program I think you've already heard about but just briefly to summarize. It's a trans NIH intramural Initiative established in 2008 by Bill Gaul who is our clinical director And sees patients with seemingly inexplicable conditions referred from throughout the country And they do comprehensive clinical and molecular analysis of these patients that are accepted into the program They've discovered a number of heretofore unknown molecular lesions defining new genetic diseases And have been a catalyst for follow-up projects in the categorical institutes in terms of funding Eric has already told you a little bit about that, you know about the time that Eric Took the position of scientific director of things flattened out and then I assumed the scientific director position here and actually and we'll talk about this in a little bit the The real dollars that we have to to deal with are perhaps at this point Becoming a bit more constrained just because of the fact that there have been a number of things that we've tried to do to keep Things going but there's just so much and with inflation. It's becoming harder and harder to keep everything going at the juggernaut pace that we would like it to continue Overall the NHGRI is 1.7 percent of the NIH budget We are 3.1 percent of the overall intramural budget. That's because of the fact that we do receive 20 percent of the Overall resources budgetary resources of the Institute, whereas many of the other Institutes have only 10 percent allocated to their intramural programs now one can have a discussion about that And I know that the blue ribbon panel thought deeply about that question as to whether that is still appropriate And I will let them weigh in on that But certainly one of the reasons that we have adduced for why perhaps NHGRI should have a higher percentage is that it really is catalytic for the other institutes as My experience when I was in NIAMS. We were not necessarily Catalyzing arthritis research or whatever in NHGRI whereas NHGRI certainly was catalyzing some of the things that we were doing in NIAMS And that's with no disrespect meant to my other my former institute of which I'm still very familiar In any case in terms of our overall intramural fund funding We spend about 30 percent of our budget on NIH infrastructure about 16 percent on our own Institute specific infrastructure 44 percent on personnel And 10 percent that goes for operating and discretionary funds And so that actually is a very telling figure because if we did have to make Major cuts in the upcoming fiscal year, which is at least a possibility We hope not a probability, but at least a possibility one has to consider the fact that to turn on the dime to actually be able to adjust the budget relatively quickly without having a little bit of time to adjust Infrastructure spending and reduce the personnel lines that becomes very difficult to do In terms of our challenges and opportunities First of all maintaining scientific excellence. This is an area that I think is extremely important and the standards that we Have discussed in the intramural program that we should that we feel are important and that our investigators should be held to are Does the work fundamentally change the way we think about or understand relevant areas of biomedical science Through the development of new methods does it change the way that we do science for clinical research Does it change the way we practice medicine whether clinical or basic? how would the field look if the intramural investigator had not been active for the last five years and Is the research worth studying with the special resources associated with the IRP these are high standards But I think that we have to Hold our investigators to high standards particularly in this time of constrained resources because we may have to make some difficult choices To help us with those choices Listed here is the NHGRI Board of Scientific Counselors a group of nine distinguished investigators from outside of the intramural program who help us to Do the quadrennial reviews of the various investigators in the program And over the course of the last I guess Six months or so we have developed some new standards some new approaches in terms of the review process We've implemented a more standardized format That is about 50 percent retrospective and 50 percent perspective We have additional ad hoc reviewers with the reviews to make sure that we have a lot of expertise And the subject matter that the investigator is working on we do an orientation with the reviewers in advance to articulate our Expectations to them We use now NIH wide standard criteria for reviews The reviews are supposed to be done before the site visit and finalized shortly thereafter and we use a set of Standardized descriptors that are used across the intramural program now outstanding excellent very good good, etc and This will give us a way of comparing investigators from one branch to another with regard to the quality of their work and help me to make Decisions if I have to with regard to resource allocation and certainly for Investigators that have less than an excellent evaluation. We do have a process in place where at least initially they have to undergo a re-review One year and two years after their initial not-so-good review, and if things continue to be Less than optimal then there are processes in place actually to reduce their resources and even close their laboratories In terms of allocating resources the big picture is that the overall IRP allocation has been flat For several years and using the forbidden word that I didn't realize was forbidden Sequestration may impose an 8% and about 8% cut for FY 13 perhaps and we the problem Of course is we won't even know it the fiscal year begins in three weeks, and we won't know if this Actually will happen until at least three months from now Overhead costs salary increases and inflation have eroded buying power Options to raise monies from non-federal sources are extremely limited in the intramural program because of ethics rules that I'm sure some of you are now initiated into through your Service on the council political gridlock begets budgetary uncertainty in other words We don't know what the budget is going to be next year So it's a problem in terms of making commitments for large-scale allocations of monies Since I became the scientific director on 10 10 10 We've implemented about 15% across the board cuts for all tenured intramural investigators comparing the proposed FY 13 budgets that Investigators are getting versus the FY 10 budget that they had before I came and We have suspended three tenure-track Recruitments for budgetary reasons and have made no major capital equipment purchases in the last two years So those are the facts We have implemented a new budgetary model for our investigators And that is that in the past we had a formulaic system of allocating budgets where if an investigator a certain Sort of point in his or her career had a certain number of people in their lab Salaries of those people were taken care of centrally by the office of the scientific director And then they would get an allocation based on the number of people in their labs Because of the fact that we are making these cuts and that it really gives people perhaps a little bit more freedom to make Decisions as to how they spend their money. They're now getting a lump-sum allocation and at least within the law in terms of Civil service requirements and so forth. They can spend the money as they choose in terms of personnel versus supplies and equipment Allocations at least initially are being determined by historical factors in other words what people were getting last year But subsequently they'll be adjusted based on productivity and excellence with strong input from the BSC We're going to try to reestablish a centralized reserve fund for compelling opportunities and and or contingencies and this last year actually The investigators were very good about saving money, which we are now as much as we can Channeling into contracts that will perhaps buffer any budgetary cuts that we experience next fiscal year We have established a review panel to allocate subsidized sequencing resources at NISC This whole new approach has required new accounting measures and a change in the culture among both our investigators and our administrators So anyway to summarize this cheery talk first of all the NHGRI IRP is a vibrant research enterprise and I really do believe that and I am extremely proud of it and positive about it and and Do feel that it's it's a wonderful Opportunity to be its scientific director with a commitment to excellence and a focus on genomic medicine and fostering genetic and genomic Technologies throughout the NIH intramural community The IRP has recently strengthened its quadrennial scientific review process to reinforce this culture of excellence going forward And finally prompted by the current limitations and uncertainties of federal funding The IRP is implementing administrative changes aimed at maximizing productivity within budgetary constraints And that's 30 minutes exactly which for me is quite a feat So actually Dan let me Have you address a question that got raised earlier that I deflected or delayed until you were here is maybe just say a few words about the clinical center which you introduced us to but The question and Bob you can weigh in to get more specific just sort of what's the health and well-being of the clinical center with respect to You know how much it's being utilized to relative to its capacity But also there's been lots discussed debated and even written about sort of the financial woes of the clinical center With the rising costs of medical care in general and being embedded within the intramural program flat budgets everything else and so Sort of what's its fiscal situation? Yes, okay So first of all with regard to the utilization of the clinical center About maybe five or six years ago. There was concern that it seemed that intramural investigators weren't Utilizing the clinical center as much as they should be in the occupancy of the hospital was more in the 65 to 70 percent level than More in the 80 to 90 percent level that we would like to have seen but basically a number of the institutes responded to that by Encouraging clinical and translational research within their intramural portfolios with regard to recruiting more clinical and translational investigators and so actually at this point the utilization of the clinical center is is very good and and Is more in the 80 percent level? most of the time As far as the funding stability of the clinical center well, I can tell you it's not rolling in dough There's no question about that the clinical center is funded for the most part by a so-called school tax Which is the tax on each of the? Institutes that has a program on the Bethesda campus that currently amounts to I think it's about 14 percent of Our overall intramural budget so that means that for us in NHG or I who have an intramural budget of around a hundred million dollars We pay about 14 million dollars to the clinical center off the top doesn't matter how many patients we use It's just 14 million dollars that goes straight to the clinical center and the whole idea behind that was that it would encourage The institutes to utilize the clinical center if they were paying this amount of money Whether they used it or not and so you know the idea was that well if you're going to be paying that amount of money You may as well at least have a program that uses it so The current budget for the clinical center is around I think $380 million a year somewhere in that ballpark that is basically raised through these school tax monies It has been difficult for the clinical center because of the fact that medical inflation is going up higher than the rate that they are Getting money through the school tax because after all if the budgets of the intramural programs of the institutes are flat That and your tax rate is flat Then you're going to be getting the same amount every year and if there's medical inflation Then you know you're not you're going to fall behind and so that has been a problem the Clinical center has dealt with that in several different ways One of them has been to shift the cost of some of the clinical research back to the institute So that for example certain things that had been paid for by the clinical center in the past are now the Responsibility of the participating Institute that certainly has been one of the ways that that's been done era funding did help out With some major capital Equipment purchases back a couple of years ago scanners and that sort of thing so that has helped and then there's also the possibility that the Clinical center will get at least some additional resources based on the fact that The clinical center is being opened to investigators in the extramural world through a new grant mechanism that would allow extramural investigators to collaborate with intramural investigators With regard to certain kinds of projects and might for example Collaborate with regard to cohorts of patients with rare diseases that we follow in the intramural program and so that may through Mechanisms that haven't been totally worked out allow for a little bit of Supplementation of the clinical center budget as well if it is regarded as being sort of a resource for everyone Not just the intramural program How does that answer question? It does but I thought then it might be worthwhile for you to also to talk a little bit about staffing Physician staffing in the clinical center in terms of who are who are these folks do they all are they all? investigators in institutes And the reason I'm asking this is that I've had some experience with the undiagnosed diseases program where there is some Skewing as to which kinds of patients are chosen to be investigated to some extent depending on What are the perceived strengths and weaknesses in various? subspecialties within the clinical center. Yeah, that's an extremely good point Bob So the staffing of the clinical center it is not Like a big general hospital or whatever where you would have necessarily Expertise going you know totally across the The medical spectrum certainly there is sufficient competence that I don't feel Uncomfortable one I admit a patient to the clinical center that if they have a certain thing go wrong with them that you know We're in trouble or whatever, but on the other hand it is certainly the case the clinical center is staffed by a combination of physicians that are faculty members in the various participating institutes, and so they vary in terms, you know some institutes Invest more money in their clinical programs than others And so you do have this kind of uneven strength across the clinical center where some specialties are very well Represented and others not so well at all And then there are some physicians that are that work for the clinical center that are people that say staff the radiology department and so forth, so it's it's a mixture of things and It isn't the case that it's it's uniformly Excellent across the board there are some areas of great strength and That can be on very rare diseases and then other areas that might be More common diseases where you know, we don't have anyone necessarily that's a world's expert And I might add some of those issues kits come up in discussions around Nationalizing the UDP that perhaps when they set up a network of extramural centers some of those Centers might have domain expertise that would both complement the clinical center But also complement each other and that may be certain types of cases would naturally get referred to those Play those sites that have the greatest expertise for a patient like that They asked me one more question, which is what is the current situation at the inch mirror on H for? Clinical trials that involve next generation sequencing or whole exome or whole genome sequencing in terms of clear approved Laboratory results and that kind of thing. What are you doing about that? Well, that's another important issue and each of the institutes actually is Having to pay for it on their own, you know, so it's it's basically a Patchwork quilt of different approaches to that There is not right now, although there's been discussion of it But there is not right now a clinical center clear approved lab that does that for everyone It would be great if we could get together and do it but right now given budgets I don't see that happening in the next year or two anyway Any other general questions for Dan? Okay, if not Dan's not going anywhere, but what Rick is going to come up and Give a report from the blue ribbon panel Review and as we know David Page is also on the phone. I'm expect he's going to also have some things to say as well


Good morning. We got a little bit of a heat spell going on. We're looking at Six degrees out there Inside is still below 32 Right around the stove here. It's warming up to 35 because I'm perking the coffee and cooking some breakfast I ran the propane heater on mid to low last night and And it dried my pants somewhat, but I still got ice on on the pants there Yeah, I guess I get a lot of ice still in the pants so I don't know doesn't throw off a ton of heat unless I'm doing something wrong plus you need a damper I don't know but it's dry heat at least everything's dry in here There's no propane build up on the ceiling or Or moisture on the ceiling or the walls, which is nice That's plenty warm enough for me or I'd turn it up at night to a hotter temperature But I'm going to do some crappy fishing today Now I'm going to do a little travel and looking around some different bodies of water With my good buddy CJ from Bermeddon guide service and see what we can get into First things first though, I'm going to drive this breakfast into me and this coffee once it eats up I'm drinking yesterday's coffee right here. It's still warm out of that standalone therapist believe it or not Not hot, but it's warm I don't know what you're doing What's up guys? We are out here Crappy fishing we're fishing for big flats today Not under 15 inches I'm in this fish donkey tournament and this week I have you bringing your three biggest Mouth closed pushed up against the board legit legit weighed in I have a 15 A 15 and a quarter and a 15 and three quarter. I think Yeah, that sounds about right for 46 inches And I'm in the lead over my good buddy Sean and uh And I think 330 maniacs in there somewhere too so It's fun to compete online against these guys that live In minnesota and wisconsin, you know and In places that are typically known for having big crappy and big flats But I'm having a blast here. I'm fishing with my good buddy CJ from burnt meadow guide service We're running around a little bit, you know, we yesterday We just wanted to cross some eyeballs and straighten some lines and bend some poles So we went to a place that doesn't have any big ones and just had it blast We caught 100 each probably in the 10 to 12 inch range You know what we call eaters here Normal we'd we'd move if we were on those it was fun You know, it's a lot of fun and you build your confidence up and you build your technique up and you You start to trust your gear even more So we did that yesterday and he cut up a bunch last night and we're going to bring some home for donny and Save a little bit for later in the year And today we're just going for bigs, you know nothing under 15 inches and We're going to sharp shoot them White work together might work separately. We got a couple different units couple different drills and And see if we can catch some giant fish Stay tuned guys weather conditions for today. This is the first day. It's been You know above zero in the morning. So it was like 31 degrees this morning It's probably chilled down just a little bit Maybe we're in the upper 20s, but the wind's blowing today, you know So we got like a it's calling for five to 10 we saw as much as 15 out of the north northwest So that'll cool things back down. But in the meantime, we got really good cloud cover A little bit of a low pressure and the bite should be on a lot better than it has been all week So stay tuned. Maybe we'll cross somebody's eyeballs and hold a big one up on the camera for you All right guys, we just got here Sharp shot didn't even have time to get the GoPro set up and I popped I popped these two sharp shooting with cj Um super quick flopped one on the ice and dropped down and got them bowed Just want to show you these two right in the 15 15 inch range And then we're going to put those back so we can catch them more and catch them when they're bigger.  That was a struggle things are getting real over here The bait's coming into my bait Yeah, I do good ones I just watched the crappy eat like three of those That was crazy He just ate like three of those things. Yeah That was awesome Not good for me, but Man this footage is unreal That bigger one is just destroying that school Got a pretty good slab right there Nice slab right there that one's got a mark on the side on this side Got hit there pretty good by something But nice slab we'll get him measured in back. That's a nice 14 and a quarter Going back There he goes The bite had slowed down a little bit. We're fishing pretty Open basin crappy That are keying in on pods of bait most likely our lives are small baby crappy or perch And cj spotted this decent one at 80 feet away on the live scope. So We drilled we moved over to it and now you can see us He's dropping his bait down on the top left of the screen A lot of air bubbles on it, you know your first drop usually your line and your your bait has a lot of air on it So you'll see some air bubbles coming off of it, but that's the fish dead center of the screen Really nice crappies Hovered over about 11 foot out over around 20 22 foot of water I think And cj's just starting to get his attention now He's about eight to 10 foot away from his bait as you can see turned And the cool thing about live scope is once I turn it a little bit for you guys To lock in see the reason he's going away On the screen is because he's circling the bait But I just moved the live scope to point it towards him again Then now you can see his tail You can see the hump back on it and you can see its fins and everything It's pretty pretty cool when you get that thing dialed in like this the gains a little high obviously as you could see all the The interference on the screen, but it's slowly coming in and it's still circling And now it's kind of like straight on a mission and you can see the outline of that crappy. It's a good fish CJ Got him All right, you guys might have just seen that fish on the live scope CJ's saw it from over 80 feet away and we came over and he popped it pretty good Good release So after that fish catch, we get back on the live scope and look around to see if there's any more solos swimming around And we spot this really nice one at 82 feet away So we're gonna Key in on it a little bit make sure it's one we want to go after you could definitely see it's a good tall one and we're going to make the move and head over And try to get on this fish This is how we use forward facing sonar to find either schools or solo fish in basins or open water You could also use it for a structure As well. All right, we just spied one at 80 Gonna give them a look. Oh, you had one That's pretty good fish Hold on he shot before you even got there Uh go 23 He just went for mud I don't know what it is Oh, hold on He's 23 over here now Yep He's staying Co come five feet closer Six feet closer Hold on you might be just driving him in This guy's spooked I'm just gonna try him right here He's 16 away but You're on another one too That nailed him He hasn't moved yet Maybe I'll come over It's coming the way around Still 15 right there Yeah I'll just drop this I think it is It might be one we already caught I'll tell you one thing There's trouble causing a problem when we got to get to him in a hurry Coming in I'll give his attention I've been telling this in the last couple of days But it looks like they're diving in the mud They're just going around This thing just picks it up So they're not actually diving down If you stay on them Best chance to work He's coming Nice fish Pretty bad when I was catching 14 I felt like I was robbing And now I'm catching 15 and a half And we're like wouldn't done us any good Yeah No that's like I don't know what my smallest is right now Is it 15 or 15 and a quarter Or is it What is my smallest It's going to be 15 Oh it's over 15 Yeah it's either 15 or 15 You're going to get this fish I like how yours came in So we're going to drop something smaller We're going to spook something and make some bite You know it's facing the way right Yeah Can you turn around a little I just want to move my knees It's been spooking Swinging You got them on the backside of the transducer Gold post There we go Stop right there If you zoom that in one click There you go Yeah I went 16 because I thought he was getting to the 15 I need him to rush me Oh Oh no I moved it I thought he freaking lurched Was he flying No he's moving So he's not near me Yeah this fish just wasn't having it That's why they call it fishing You could use the life scope to find them And find where they live But it doesn't mean you can catch them But as you'll see I messed with this fish A little bit more He kind of showed some interest We threw a couple different baits at him And he didn't have it So we ended up just Messing with him for a little while And left him alone after that And we're planning on coming back Because it was definitely worth it size wise That's a really big fish He's over 15 easy And as you could see He kind of just kept circling And moving around This is in high speed And eventually he's just going to go down into the mud And think it over And get him next time Cool bass That's funny Right there Good one Nice Made it back Absolutely great day Pan fishing We had Several fish over 15 inches today Over 14 and a half It's just big big crappy And they grow pretty stout Pretty mean here in Maine Had a blast doing it Sticking to some game plans And just following through with CJ He's always a lot of fun Always fun fishing with CJ He goes hard at it Weather right now We're looking at 21 degrees Outside And inside's too cold to register So probably 21 inside Just turned the heater on as you could see I'm not sold on the thing yet I'm missing something to get more heat out of it Or I don't know Because it seems like it's Eating a lot of propane And it hasn't really been keeping this Place that warm So I could be doing something wrong I got it on high right now I don't know how long you could run the thing On high with just a 20 pound tank Maybe one a night I don't know So I figure that out Looks like I'm going to have to cut Trips short a couple more days I've been out here 5, 6, 7 I don't even know how many days now Let's see I got here Tuesday, Wednesday Thursday Friday, Saturday Sunday, Monday Tuesday I think I've been here 7 or 8 days But it's supposed to rain We're supposed to get a little mix Participation tonight Which I'm not too worried about Tomorrow afternoon and night it's supposed to rain Thursday it's supposed to rain Warm up so I don't want to be out here when it's raining These things aren't really built for rain Ice fishing isn't really made for rain either None of your stuff is It's tough to dry out once you get wet I'm probably going to call it a trip Tomorrow I'm going to fish in the morning Do like a midday and then Come back and pack up And head home and start to do some editing for you guys So that's the story Check out breakfast tomorrow morning Good morning This Looks like it's going to be the last morning Here we got some rain Coming this afternoon Wicked bummer So that's going to do it for this trip This will be the last morning Last breakfast on the ice Right now So I got some cleaning up to do Going to fish probably half a day With my buddy CJ And then after that I got to come break up camp And get it off the ice before the rain comes And hopefully get on the road Before the freezing rain happens Because that's no fun to drive in that So speaking about driving I got some breakfast started Going to drive that into me Pretty soon here What do we got going on This piece of toast sausage And the hash brown in there And coffee is Started It's not working yet I get a little bit of yesterday's coffee Always stays warm If I leave a cup in there It stays warm enough In the morning to have While I'm waiting for this to cook And be ready We got 21 degrees out there this morning We're in the heater on low all night And it was like 41 in here It was like mid to low temperature And then this morning for fun I decided since I'm leaving anyway I'm going to crank it and see what it does So when you crank that heater It can heat this place up pretty quick I got 56 degrees over here Now Cooking obviously brings some more heat in here But I think The heater can do the job It's just going to use a lot of propane Is what I think So we'll see A little bit more tests before I give you guys A good honest review Just one trip And I had some serious cold temperatures But I ran it awful low So there's no telling But I did go through Two cans of propane already So running it Not aggressively I think it'll go About two days or two nights Two days And two nights on a 20 pounder I think But I got to give it a little bit better test Pretty good breakfast Right there folks Pretty good breakfast I think this is the seventh day I've been out on the ice In a row on this trip But I'm not 100% sure I got to count back the days And try to figure out what day I got here So I think I got here Tuesday Wednesday, Thursday, Friday Saturday Sunday Monday, Tuesday Today's Wednesday So that makes eight days And And it'll make seven nights And eight days So pretty good trip As far as trips go Awesome fishing Incredible fishing I didn't film as much fishing as I normally do Just because the fishing Was a grind If you were getting We're picking up one fish here and there And we're seeing a lot on the live scope And we're chasing them down The way that CJ and I like to chase them down As a team or even individually So it's really hard to film In those conditions And it's super hard to film when it's below zero So we had a lot of conditions where it was You know, 10 to 13 below zero And a little bit of wind in that And you go to turn on the cameras And the cameras freeze up And the go-pros just die So I didn't Get as much footage But I did Fish my first ever fish Donkey Tournament It was It's an app Where you can fish against people from all across the country So it's really cool because I get to fish against my friends In Minnesota and Wisconsin 330 maniacs Been fishing it He's got a great YouTube channel He does a lot of pan fishing A lot of trapping Minnesota, Wisconsin That region of the country And then Sean Riesgrief Ries Grief By saying that right Just an amazing Amazing fisherman He's an absolute hammer in Minnesota I got to fish with him one day And could tell just from that day That he's a stick So fishing against him isn't easy He's breathing down my neck On this one I'm in the lead for this week That goes till Sunday With the rain coming I probably won't be able to fish anymore So I think I have like 45 inches For my best to be crappy Maybe a little bit more It might be 46 inches For this week Last week I had a 16 and a quarter 15 and change And then like a 12 And a quarter But right when I took the picture On the 12 and 3 quarter Popped its tail up a little bit So I got a Penalty for that And it just so happened to be A 3 quarter inch penalty Which moved me To a tie for first So I tied 330 maniac on that one That was a bummer But I only had like two days to fish So I feel like I could have caught that one For the tie And then there's also an overall For your best three Combined from all the weeks So I'm going to be a Probably I'm over 46 inches for that I think I'm at 47 inches Top 3 Because I got a 16 and a quarter 15 and a half And I think like a 15 and a quarter So that would make 47 inches I'll come back at the floor Your cover for this is up to What's that one? Your cover for this is up to the ice So was that my cover we saw all week? Oh I thought it was your cover I didn't know if I brought a cover Well that's cool there's 3 packages I'd be a little selfish Would you check them out? I want to see them I wouldn't care if you looked through it No I would never open your nail I wouldn't go in there and just pop it I would never I don't know why but that was something we were taught young Is never going to open first Not just me then That's true a freaking thing of wood And tin foil So what do I need to build Like a metal box or something? Can you make a window or something Like that? Yeah so like Get it up a little bit Like an air space underneath Guys when you're out ice fishing Whether it's a day or a week And you set up your tent And you eat and you fish And you have a great time Just pick up after yourself It's the easiest freaking thing in the world I don't need to be telling that to grown men and women But I just like to say it Because it drives me nuts Because the other day we were on a lake And we could see where two tents had a good time And we picked up beer cans And tops to propane canisters And a bunch of stuff On the ice that just doesn't belong there Let's keep it clean for everybody else I don't mind saying that But That's it, that's a load So two loads for this trip I could have done it all in one But I decided to do it in two Because it's a short run and it's easier And now I'm just going to drive this puppy right on the trailer Not even on hook, not even on load And it'll be ready for the next trip One heck of a trip Heading over to CJ's After the editing room for you guys


How did everyone like that arm-sponsored coffee break? They didn't actually ask me to say their name that much. The gentleman who is here from ARM, this is a bonus. So our next speaker is Dusty Mabe, and he is going to be talking to us about atomic. Right? You want this one or you want that one? I want this one. And I'm going to stand over here to the side so I can actually see, I can't do anything with my left hand. Okay, so my name is Dusty Mabe. I'm representing the atomic working group, which has meant a lot of different things to a lot of different people. Langdon just asked me to clarify. I am not currently representing the cloud working group up here right now. The cloud working group is the one that delivers the cloud base image, which is essentially the classic login to your system and install RPMs or use cloud in it to kind of boot it up. He wanted me to clarify a lot of other things, but I don't necessarily build that into this talk. So I'm representing the atomic working group. What is the atomic working group? We've kind of been three different parts up until this point. Obviously there's the atomic host part. There's also the container run times part. So we have a team of people that work on Docker or Podman or other container run times. So how do you run containers on your host? And we also have a group that works on essentially application containers within Fedora. So helping take applications that are traditionally delivered by RPMs in Fedora and packaging them up in containers and putting them in a registry that Fedora users can then download and use. So let me start with the containers teams updates. So first of all, we've had a lot of work done here in the containers teams. And now each of our tools has its own little avatar. So MoDuffy created a container run times coloring book, I believe. And essentially what we have is a different avatar for each tool. We've got Podman, Scopio, we've got Builda, we've got Cryo, and a little guy over there for OpenShift Origin, which is pretty awesome I think. So I decided to include that in this portion of the talk. But really what has happened with the containers teams in the past six months, I asked Dan Walsh to give me kind of a condensed version and he gave me two pages of notes. So that's what we ended up with. I essentially took that and tried to condense it down into something that was consumable for this audience. So first off, we'll start with a tool called Cryo. Cryo is essentially a container runtime for Kubernetes as version with Kubernetes and release with Kubernetes. So for example, if you want to run Kubernetes 1.11, you would use Cryo 1.11 and another version, which is really nice because you know that it was tested with Kubernetes 1.11 and it's more likely to work and you don't have to deal with version mismatches and all that, which can be quite troublesome as we found out when trying to pair it with something like Docker. So as version with Kubernetes, release with Kubernetes, we also have OpenShift Origin that is trying to target Cryo and only target Cryo at this point. So using Cryo as a runtime, we're currently running OpenShift Online, which is essentially a place where you can go try out OpenShift if you want to just kick the tires with it and see if it's something that you could use. So it actually runs on top of Cryo now and we also have that running in Microsoft Azure for Cata containers. So Cryo is running in the wild, which is kind of cool. So other things that they've done in Cryo in the past six months is offer better security through they added a rootless mode. They've added no dev mount, so if you had a file system that was mounted with device nodes on it, the kernel will ignore that now. And they've added some ability to control capabilities a little better for Cryo containers. The next tool is Podman, which is essentially a way to run local containers on your system via CLI or API. It's essentially a Docker equivalent. One thing that we've done there is added the ability to actually build OCI images with Podman. So previously Podman build was not a thing, but they've actually coordinated with Builda and now you can run Podman build just as if you had done Docker build and it will actually create an OCI container on your local system that you can then push or pull from a registry, which is quite nice. They also added a rootless mode. So if you've ever had an issue where you wanted to run Docker on a system but you didn't want to run it as root, you can now do that with something called Podman, which is pretty awesome. They also did some work with rootless network namespaces, which is actually something that's been pretty hard to do in the past. They use a technology called Slurp for net namespace. And they added user namespace support and remote API via var link. This has enabled them to create essentially Python bindings or integrate with tools like cockpit. Builda is essentially a tool that you can use to build OCI container images. It's the back end for Podman build. They also have added layer caching now. So previously if you ran Docker build, you would get caching for every layer if, for example, part of your Docker file had not changed. You now get that with Builda and with Podman build. And they added rootless container builds. So if you're an unprivileged user on a system, you can actually just inside your home directory create an OCI container image, which is like, I guess, more or less a sophisticated version of a tar ball, which you theoretically should not need root for. So they added it so you can do rootless container builds, support for user namespaces again, and integration into OpenShift. So if you did any builds in OpenShift in the past, you were running on top of Docker build essentially. Now they have that integrated into OpenShift a little better. So now you're using Builda instead of Docker build. All right, condensing this down into a few other things, Scopio, container storage and containers image, which are libraries that Scopio uses. These are essentially used to push and pull container images from registries. So they added rootless support, layer support, better security, compression, et cetera. Another thing to note is a lot of upstream projects are now starting to use these tools like these libraries and Scopio itself. OpenSusa happens to be one that we're collaborating with a lot there. So this kind of shows you a little bit of the health of the project. Having different upstream communities work on these tools and use them is a really good thing. Okay, so application containers. So we have a thing called registry dot fedora project dot org, which is where you can go grab some different applications, you know, Postgres or, you know, we've got a whole list of them here and then Cache D, HTTPD, et cetera, et cetera. We have had this ability for a little while, but it's kind of been more of a, you know, come to the working group and try to figure out how to build it in a candidate registry and then figure out who to talk to in order to get it released. So Clamont's been working on actually making this like an official thing within fedora so you can get container updates in Bodie. You don't have to, like, talk to some person in release engineering that you might not necessarily know at the moment to try to figure out how to get it released because the current version of this release has a bug in it, et cetera. So he's been doing a lot of good work there. He's also been working on building flat packs using our tool that builds these container images called OSBS. So I think it was mentioned earlier that we want to deliver flat packs in fedora. And so he's been working with O, and I think they're on making that happen. Both of those are in staging right now, so they should hit pretty soon. And the other thing that's been working on is multi-arch container building at OSBS. So actually building those applications for other architectures, not just 64-bit AMD Intel. Okay, so he actually sent out a, I don't know, call for something, call for interest recently on the development mailing list. And actually got a lot of interest in people wanting to join the special interest group for containers. So there is a session later this week on Friday, I think, August 10th, whatever August 10th is, I think that's Friday from 1.20 to 3.10 p.m. later, I also advertise another session and I use 24-hour format time, so I'm keeping everybody on their toes. And it is mysyn and ratable, I don't know how to say that, but that is where that will be. So if you're interested, you should definitely join that session so that we can actually get more application containers within Fedora and help knock down some of the barriers there that people are having. Okay, here. All right, Atomic Host. So around the Fedora 28 time frame for Atomic Host, the Atomic Host community has been really growing and we've had a lot more engagement in the community for people that are interested in the technology and interested in using it and interested in the unique features that it has. One other thing to say is the RPMOS tree technology itself has really been catching on. So for example, we actually have two other additions that are now using RPMOS tree underneath. That's Fedora IoT, which I think Peter will talk about. And then Fedora Silver Blue, which Matias talked about earlier. So both of those are using RPMOS tree underneath, just delivering a different package set and packaging it up a little different way and delivering updates on their own cadence. Also in the Fedora 28 time frame for Atomic Host, we started shipping Podman by default. Podman's pretty new. It's made a lot of progress over the past six months. And definitely try that out if you haven't yet. Also automated updates. So this is something that we did not have for a long time. And Jonathan Laban from the Atomic team started working on that. And now, for example, your system can check for updates automatically without you having to type RPMOS tree upgrade or some otherwise script that via Ansible or some other way. We also have a unified server-side OS tree repository, which means when you are pulling content from Fedora, you only need to look in one place. Previously, we had a different repository for every release of Fedora. So Fedora 25 and 24 had their own repositories. Now it's all in the same place. All the different architectures are in the same place. And then also Atomic Workstation slash Silver Blue and Atomic Host are in the same place, which means that if they share any common files, which is likely, they'll also be deduced. We don't need to store that many, many times. Multi-arch. Currently we have AR-64 and PowerPC-64 Little Indian architectures with Atomic Host. We've been releasing those at the same time that we released the 64-bit AMD X8664 OS tree. So those get released at the same time and have some level of testing, not quite as much as the 64-bit Intel, but we've been proud to actually offer that as well. And those get shipped every two weeks, and I'd like to thank everybody who helps enable that because we've automated a lot of stuff, but it also still takes some manual work. So I'd like to appreciate everybody who helps us find issues, report issues, and fix problems as they come out. So what is the future of Atomic Host? Is the big question here, and I'll take a side detour, which is to say, Matt mentioned it earlier, but Red Hat acquired CoreOS earlier this year. I actually saw this exact tweet when I got home from DevConf, you know, right about the same time that I got home from DevConf. And this is actually really great because the CoreOS team, the CoreOS company, basically has or had, I don't know which term you necessarily want to use, like really excellent engineers, a really great open source philosophy, a focus on security, and also a vast community and user base. They really aligned well with a lot of the things that we believe in Fedora and we believe at Red Hat. So I was really happy to see that they had agreed to join Red Hat and to join our community. So one thing that I'd like to say is if you meet any of them here or, you know, virtually to welcome them into the Fedora community and to make them feel like this is a great place to be because it really is and we're really excited to have them with us. Okay, so I'm going back to Atomic Host now. So in the Fedora 29 timeframe, Atomic Host will continue on for Fedora 29. We'll have regular releases until Fedora 30 comes out and at that point basically we'd like to move on to Fedora CoreOS, which is the new thing that we're going to have. So the reason for not having a lot of new features or work in Fedora 29 is because we're figuring out what Fedora CoreOS will look like exactly and trying to build the community there. So Fedora CoreOS. So the goal here is basically to merge the Container Linux and Atomic Host communities into one and also, you know, kind of take an opportunity to revisit the design goals for each operating system, you know, when they were originally designed and see if there's things that we want to change or improve upon. So that's essentially what we've been doing and what we will be doing for a short time period for the next, you know, four to five months or so. And then the goal is that we basically release Fedora CoreOS officially for Fedora 30. So that's why we'll have a Fedora 29 Atomic Host. And I'd really like to ask people to get involved. We have a forum mailing list IRC channel, issue tracker weekly meeting. So we basically got the framework for a good community there. We've had a decent level of engagement already so far. And I have a link up there to our issue tracker, which is where you can essentially click through to find the mailing list or forum or IRC channel and all that. It's hash fedora dash coreOS on FreeNode. And we also have a talk tomorrow. Me, Benjamin Gilbert and myself, Benjamin is from the Container Linux team, he does a good job representing all of their interests. We have that talk tomorrow at 2.30 to 3.20, 14.30 to 15.20 and Hamburg. So come visit us. Who's next?


Dear student, as we know the idea of multivariate analysis, the question arises how to find the descriptive statistics or summary statistics. Now the mean vector and covariance matrix in multivariate analysis, how to find the mean vector and the covariance matrix in multivariate analysis. Now the summary statistics says that the descriptive statistics are measured that describe the data in multivariate analysis. The most commonly used by are the mean vector, covariance matrix and correlation. Mean vector just mean find here, we have to find the mean vector in the multivariate. Covariance, we have to find the matrix. You may find the covariance in the univariate, but we have to find the covariance matrix and then find the correlation. An obvious extension of univariate notation, meaning obvious of extension of univariate means the univariate we have already found is the extension in multivariate analysis to find the mean variance. The i-th variable mean, the sample mean of the i-th variable, what will happen to us? Sample mean of the i-th variable, I mean we know what mean is in univariate. X bar, what do you have? Some x i over n. But here is the sample mean of the i-th variable that we have to find. So, what is the i-th variable mean? X bar i, 1 over n, some j varies 1 to n, x ij. Now j varies 1 to n, as you know we have the matrix. We have the i-th variable on the row side and we have the columns on the j side. So, i-j, multivariate analysis is the i-th and j-th we are taking here. So, here you will have x ij. So, the i-th variable for the sample mean is x bar i, some i varies 1 to n, some j varies 1 to n, x ij. This is the mean of the i-th variable. Same as the sample variance of the i-th variable, we have to find the sample variance of the i-th variable. Then, what is the notation we have? Basically, we are looking at the notation. We are defining it in the descriptive. Sigma ii. Now, what is sigma ii? You can also write sigma i square in this and we can also call it sigma ii. Now, sigma i square, you know that sigma square which is equals to variance and the sigma i, it means the sample variance of the i-th variable. Which is equals to 1 over n, some j varies 1 to n, x ij minus x bar i whole square. What was the simple variance you had? What was the simple variance you had? Sigma square which is equals to sum x i minus x bar sample variance whole square divided by, here you have small n. So, for sample variance, if we are taking it here, because sigma square's notation is sigma square which is equals to the population variance, so capital N was in the univariate case. So, here we are taking it, you have it in multivariate. So, here we will give the x bar from mu because this is the population variance. Here we are talking about the population variance. Okay, next is finally the sample covariance of the i-th and j-th variable. Covariance, you know the covariance between two variables we will check. Now, the covariance, notation is the sigma ij which is equals to 1 over n, sum i varies 1 to n x ij minus x bar i and the x ij minus x bar j. These are the mutations. Now, summary statistics individual. Now, individual, what do you mean by individual? What are the single variables we take? Means, in univariate, we have summary statistics. The vector of means x bar, x bar 1, x bar 2 up to so on x bar p is called the sample mean vector or simply the mean vector. Okay, simple, we have to find the mean vector of means. We have to find the vector of means. It represents the center of gravity of sample points, the P into P matrix. A P into P matrix, I have explained it last time. What is P into P matrix? We are giving the notation of sigma ii x vector. That is, here you have sigma ii basically, what will happen? We are finding it for single variable. With elements given, sigma ii and sigma ij is called the sample covariance matrix, that is, you have sample covariance matrix notation. Now, the covariance between x i and x j are sigma ik. Now, the sigma ik, which is equals to the integral, now you have i, if x i and x k are the continuous random variable, x we have a random variable. Now, x random variable, if we have continuous, then what we have to use is integral. So, then we use integral. And if we have discrete random variable, then we use summation. So, then we talk about this in sum. Now, next, the sum of the statistics is a P into n data matrix. Each element of x is a random variable and its own marginal probability distribution. You also know this is a univariate case. So, in univariate case, basically, what we have? In univariate case, mu i for the ith variable, mu i expected value of x i and the sigma i square expected value of x i minus mu i whole square, where i varies 1 to P. Similarly, x i we have is a continuous random variable. So, we use integral here. If x i is a discrete random variable, then we use summation sum. Similarly, sigma i square varies. Variance, x i is a continuous random variable. So, integral is used and x i is a discrete random variable. So, we use sum's notation here. These are all notations. We will use all these notations further in the analysis. So, the purpose of telling you here is that in some statistics, you basically know how to find the mean, what is the notation you have, how to find the variance, how to find the covariance, what are the notations we have. Now, we are using matrix form. Now, how will matrix be basically? The mean vector and the covariance matrix in multivariate. Using these notations when variable as column and into P data matrix.  Variable as column. So, variable as column, then what is the notation we have? And if variable in rows, then what is the notation we have? In notations, there is a little difference. Now, using these notations when variable as column and into P data matrix. Now, mu vector, one over n, x vector transpose into one. What we have basically? Where one is an one in n vector of ones. I mean one, we have a vector. Basically, we have a vector of ones. And where does one go up to one? n times the one's vector we have. This is the notation of mean vector. Now, sigma, variance covariance matrix. One over n, x prime, x prime means transpose. I had told you last time that prime or we are using the sign of prime or we can use transpose here. If we apply t, then transpose will be used. Basically, prime means transpose will be used. Identity minus one over n, one into one transpose into x. So, we have the notation of variance covariance matrix. How we have to point variance covariance matrix? Where identity is n into n identity matrix. Now, what is the identity of n into n matrix? This is one in n vectors. And here, you have n into n identity matrix. Now, further, how is this solved? You can simply multiply this x. You can see that it has been multiplied. Then, you have this by-rex of our bracket. We have multiplied it. And further, we have results. As you know that identity matrix, if we multiply it with any matrix, then there is no change on it, it remains the same. Identity matrix has been multiplied. So, what is left from here? x prime x. Because identity matrix has been multiplied. Identity matrix has been multiplied by anyone. So, we do not have any effect in the results. Finally, we have the results here. Who will get this factor and who will get this factor? Here, we have written mu into mu prime. Now, x transpose 1. So, whose cake was x transpose 1? Mu cake will be 1 transpose x. Whose cake will it be? Which is equals to mu prime. So, this is the basic result of variance-covariance matrix. And when will we use this? When variable as column. We have to use it like this. Next, using the notation when variable as row. Now, where is the variable we have? Rows. If you remember in the data matrix, I had given two examples. So, we are solving it according to the second example. When we have the variable in rows. So, what will be the notation then? Mu mean vector which is equals to 1 over n, x into 1. Now, what was in previous? x prime. And here, we are taking x into 1. Where 1 is an n, vector of 1. Same way, you have variance-covariance matrix here. Where x prime was here. And here, x was here. Here, your change is done. Same way, you have multiplied x. Then, we have x prime multiplied. And after the solution, you check it, the solution is done. This result will come. We have to use this result when we have variable as rows. And in the previous result, we will find variance-covariance when we have variable as columns. Now, next, the summary statistics mean vector, covariance matrix and correlation matrix. Similarly, population mean vector is defined as. A population mean vector is defined as. Find, we have to do the same, summary statistics. But we have to find the mean vector, covariance matrix, correlation matrix. As we have already found. Similarly, population mean vector is defined as population mean vector. So, you know population may have. Simple population, what is mu? Mu, what is it? Some x over n, what is n? Capital n, population size. So, mean vector, population mean vector is defined as 1 over capital n. Some i varies 1 to n, x, i. Population covariance matrix, we have. Simple, you have. Variance-covariance matrix, 1 over n, some i varies 1 to n. X i minus mu, X i minus mu prime. Univariate case, we have. Some X i minus mu whole square. How we have written whole square? X i minus mu into X i minus mu transpose. Now, next, you solve it further. So, you solve it further, as we have opened square. Similarly, you have multiplied it with transpose. Multiply it. Some factors will cancel out. How will they cancel out? Plus minus sign will come. We will enter its value instead of mu. Then, those values will cancel out. After canceling out, you will have the final result. This will come. There are just two steps in this. After solving two steps, we will reach the final result. And the population correlation matrix. Population correlation. You know, how we define population correlation? From rho. Here, you have matrix. What will we have with rho matrix? D inverse. Now, what is D inverse? We have D inverse basically. They know diagonal of sigma ii square root. That is, we have D inverse. That is, what is D? Which is equals to sigma 11 square root diagonal. Sigma 22 square root of diagonal 0. So, we will have D. As he said, D which is equals to diagonal of sigma ii square root. So, we have D inverse. From here, we have D. Sigma, we have various matrix. And we have multiplied D inverse. So, we will determine the correlation matrix. Sample sum of square and product is defined as. Now, sample sum of square. As you know, the sum of square we had. Sum xi minus x bar whole square. Sample sum of square. Now, what is the method of writing this in the multivariate? We have taken the notation of capital A. Sum i varies 1 to n. xi minus x bar into xi minus x bar transpose. In previous transpose, there was this sign. Here, it had t as the notation. So, both of them. As I said, there is no difference in the notation. There is a difference in the notation. But the thing is, you can do the sign transpose with t or with prime. Now, further, you will multiply it like this. You have multiplied it like this. You have multiplied it like this. And there will be two factors in the center. They will cancel out. Now, the sample covariance matrix is defined as. Now, we have a sum of square. After sum of square, we have to find sample covariance matrix. Now, sample covariance matrix you have sum of square divided by small 1 over n. And the sum of square multiplied by 1 over n. What do you have? Sample covariance matrix. Further, we have it like this. We can say that we have to do algebra. We have to find the algebra in this calculation. After solving the algebra, we have final sample covariance matrix. This result will come. You can also use this result. Finally, we know that this factor is one factor which is equals to the a and a into 1 over n. This is the a sample covariance matrix. Finally, the sample correlation matrix is defined as population correlation matrix. We denote it as rho. And we denote the sample correlation matrix as r.  As we have just found, sample covariance matrix and d inverse. Any d inverse into x into d inverse. Where d is equal to the diagonal of sigma ii. As we have just done. Now, we have to do a brief summary. In brief summary, we have to find everything. I have written it as a brief. You have to use all the values and notations in the idea of what you want to use. I have given a brief summary. We have the mean vector mu i. Expected value of x i. We use the integral value when x i is random variable continuous. And we use sum when we have random variable discrete. We have simple summary statistics. You have mu p into 1. What is mu p? P rows and one column. So, you have this. P rows and one column. So, the value of mu is mu 1, mu 2 up to mu p. Variance covariance matrix. Variance covariance matrix. We use this result. Sometimes, we will use the previous result. And sometimes, we will use this. But mostly, it depends on the nature of the analysis and the nature of the question. Which result we have to use.