Welcome to this afternoon's our second day's keynote speaker. Before I hand you over to our co-chair, Matt, to introduce our speaker, there's just a few housekeeping announcements. Now, it might not be in a physical venue, but there are still things that we all need to be aware of. First of all, recordings from this and other sessions will be available in the interactive program and continue to be available afterwards. Also, we want to make sure that everyone can enjoy the conference safely. So please familiarise yourself with our netiquette and code of conduct. Many people help make this conference happen, not least of all, all of our sponsors and partners, and I do want to acknowledge their support, both for this event and as old member organisations helping us support our work throughout the year. And a particular big thank you to our headline sponsors, Canvas LMS by Instructure. I hope if you joined them for this afternoon's networking session that you had a lot of fun with them. Now, following this keynote is our special and very first conference gala online. Join us for the launch of the Future of Learning, chaired by our chair, Helen O'Sullivan, at tonight's conference gala, starting at 10 past five.  Now, on that note, I'm going to invite our coach Matt Lingard onto the stage. Hi, Matt. I'm looking forward to this session. I'll hand over to you now. Thank you. Thank you so much. Good afternoon, everybody, or whatever time it is, wherever you're watching at some distant point in the future. Good afternoon to those of you are where it's afternoon now. I'm delighted to be able to introduce this keynote, but for those of you who are attending the conference live, first of all, I just wanted to share with you how much I've been enjoying the event and hope that's been the case for you, too. One of the things that's really struck me is the feeling of a buzz and community at the event and just shows what's possible online. There's a real feeling of togetherness and a lot of the sessions I've been to have been really celebratory in terms of the work that's gone on over the last 18 months or last two years, even. I just wanted to say that first. I'll move on to the keynote now. This afternoon's keynote is the topic is race and technology. I know that it's a topic that's of great interest and more importantly of great importance to many people and builds on work and presentations we've had before. In particular, over the last year, the development within our community of an anti-racism and learning technology group which now has, I think, over 100 members in a developing community of practice. We're really fortunate this afternoon to have Matali and Condé here with us today who's now on the screen. Welcome, Matali. Matali is an expert in race and technology. It's my great pleasure to introduce her to you now. Currently, Matali is the founding director of AI for the people which is a non-profit communication firm that uses journalism and art and culture to advance racial justice in technology. Matali actually started her career in journalism here in the UK, I think, at the BBC and also at CNN and ABC. She now writes and talks frequently on race and technology and has fellowships at Harvard, Stanford and Notre Dame. Prior to doing the work she does now, Matali worked in AI governance and was part of the team that introduced legislation in the States including the 2019 Algorithmic Accountability Act. Moving on to today, amongst other things, Matali currently sits on the TikTok Content Advisory Board and I know that's something we'll be hearing a little more about soon. I'm going to stop talking now and it's my great pleasure to hand over to Matali and I ask you to join me, the thousand emojis, in welcoming her to the stage. Thank you so much, Matali. Two things I'm going to say. I'm going to share my screen in a second. I know it looks really weird but I don't know how to do this after 18 months so thank you all in this community for putting us online and I had always wanted to come back to the UK, having been in the States and like Tracy Almond did, the comedian I used to watch her on the BBC and I feel like the black Tracy Almond in this moment so I'm very happy. Without further ado, I'm going to get on to the presentation and then it's going to take me 30, 35, maybe 40 minutes and then we're going to come out and hopefully have a conversation. So can everybody see me? I can see nobody. Oh, perfect. So I can't see you but you can see me and that's going to be good enough. So I've done many things in my career over the last 10 years but what's really bringing me to this conversation is a paper that I wrote in 2019 with my colleagues Jesse Daniels who is a sociologist at the City University of New York and D'Arction Mayor who is a computer science professor at Bucknell and what we were looking at at that time were the way that the technologies that we were using that we felt to be fair and accurate because you know they were made using maths, statistics, we didn't know anything about it, it had to be true still ended up making decisions that got us back to really the racist ideas of many say are past but as somebody who has been black all my life the present and we were really curious to why that was. So we connected with Howard Stevenson who is a professor at the he's a psychology professor at the Graduate School of Education here at the University of Pennsylvania which is very fancy Ivy League and he introduced us to this idea of racial literacy as a framework and I thought that was so perfect to bring to this audience because you your community is really involved in learning specifically learning with technology but pedagogy is something that you that you folks are paying a lot of attention to so as you can see the racial literacy and tech framework has three distinct parts the first is cognitive so what do we think about technologies as I motion to in the beginning when D'Arction Jesse and myself were thinking about this idea of technology and race we had come to the conclusion we hadn't done any interviewing yet the technologies were actually more than maths and physics that the technologies that we were building were actually taking on meanings of race and we were looking specifically at that point to the criminal justice system here in the United States and we would notice saying that the the algorithms that were being used in sentencing would sentence black defendants to longer sentences or less likely to get parole than white defendants who had the exact same the exact kind of same profile so what was it about the technology that was picking up that white people were less likely to commit crime or recommit whereas black people were and that was something that we had seen in the wider criminal justice system we start to think about not just that question but why weren't people outraged you know as a black person that is coming from the social sciences my first degree was at Leeds and I did sociology why was it that I could see this pattern really clearly Jesse my co-author who's also a sociologist could see this pattern very clearly but our friends in engineering who are actually creating these technologies and developing these data sets had no idea and it came down to one thing we surveyed around 30 people for the paper and we found that when we were speaking to these engineers all of them were involved in the tech industry working in Silicon Valley and we were looking at everybody from VP of engineering to product manager as well as people on the business side but when we were looking at our data set of engineers they actually feared talking about race they were saying things like you know it makes me feel very uncomfortable I don't want to be seen as racist we got many responses about voting for President Obama and what was really interesting about that was that wasn't an actual question on the survey but it was being offered as kind of a way of you know avoiding getting into the conversation I asked my white co-author to ask this conversation because I didn't as a black person want to either get performative allyship or and make put people on the spot but these were conversations between white people where they were saying you know these things even questions that we were not asking and then the third part of this framework is what are we going to do about this so we know that technologies in this case we were looking at the compass algorithm and are really reproducing meanings of race and racism in our context we know that part of the we know the reason this isn't even being tackled is that there is no literacy around being able to talk about race around being able to look at ourselves both as victims of white supremacy because we're all swimming in the same sea black white asian whomever it's the same system as well as perpetrators of it right when we don't say anything we then become complicit in allowing it to go on and what we what were we going to do and at that question really comes this idea of racial literacy in technology and our call was for the development of learning systems within technology both at the in the academic sense but even in industry as product teams are being created for a study of this right we knew that racism came in at the design stage through which inputs we were using which questions we were asking what we were optimizing so embedding that within the design process and this fear had to be let go we are all people we should not fear having honest conversations with each other and we were successful and we weren't successful we were really really successful at getting people to go oh yeah mm-hmm I get that that's really good mm-hmm we weren't very successful in design so one of the ways that I advanced this work is through um advisory work that I do with tiktok which is a social media platform built on musically which was a dance platform uh bought by a chinese company around four years ago now and came to united states and has gone across the world and kind of set the world on fire with dance videos very very young usership the majority of people on tiktok are actually between the ages of 12 and 24 so if you are on tiktok and not in that age range you're old and I was really interested in their algorithm because of the way black young people were writing about it in the popular press so this is a picture of their for you page so if you sign on to the app these are the kinds of things that you'll see and the for you page really helps you see people or groups that are engaged in the types of videos you like standard social media practice what drives this for you page is a series of algorithmic decision-making points this is a model of how an algorithm excuse me I'm in brooklyn so we have to have some type of random car chase okay they went past my window so isn't too bad this is a model of what algorithmic decision-making can or can look like so I'm not going to go through the whole model but it might begin here and the first um the first prompt we're seeing is do it for the sake of this conversation the do it is going to be metallic has signed on what does metallic like so the algorithm will be trained to think about the sites that I go to how long I stay there if I comment if I share if I connect with the users in any way that gives the training data needed to answer this first question what do I do the algorithm will then gain more knowledge it will look for parallel pages that do and say and act in the way that that are similar to the training data set you see that are going up and down it's then going to get really really resourceful in the universe of tiktok metali doesn't know about x let's get this to x and then I might start to interact with x that I didn't know about and then it goes on and on and on but at each of these decision points what tiktok and all social algorithms are trying to do is to train and resource the algorithm to give me the content that's going to keep me on the platform the reason that that's so important is the longer I stay on the platform the more likely I am to be advertised to I'm not suggesting um that that's happening on tiktok I actually don't know what their advertising model is I'm very interested in the content or to bring me I guess the next new dance craze and this is this unfortunately can also be a site of how algorithmic racism happens so I'm going to tell you a story of tiktok is a true story and in it I'm going to kind of talk you through the points at which this recommendation system that I've just described became racist so to kind of just set you up um this is a young woman called Addison Ray she's dancing to um a song called Captain Hook by Megan Thee Stallion uh trigger warning for anybody who's live or anybody who's listening there is some modicum of um graphic content it's describing an intimate act between um between a man and a femme identifying person if that's something that you don't want to listen to then this is a really good time to walk out the room get a glass of water it's gonna last about 16 seconds and then I'll be back look he's a sweetie kiss it when he ate it I Addison doing the dance that's what tiktok does that's why we love the platform and that always happens however that dance was made uh up by a tiktoker called Sydney Ray who's on my right of the screen with the amazing pink eye shadow and lashes Sydney is a is a beauty influencer but also really really really really likes uh Megan Thee Stallion at the time that I put this presentation together which was about two weeks ago she had uh 1.1 million followers so that was mid-august for anybody that watches this later um and so she's less likely to appear on the for you page because that first page that I showed you earlier in the presentation is really reserved for what they would call super influencers so million followers is great but these are people that might have 5 million or 10 million or 20 million this is because the algorithm is optimized to promote the most popular pages so remember when I was showing you the decision-making process of an algorithm one of the things that the algorithm is going to be trained to do is to raise the pages that have the most followers the logic being that pages that have lots of followers are the most popular on the platform and therefore going to keep people on the platform and so we can advertise or make other strategic business decisions while we have people's attention but what it doesn't think about is that Sydney is black and not only is she black she is a black what would be considered dark-skinned women and researchers have found that black women are deemed less desirable online so they get fewer social media followers so going back to the racial literacy framework where we talk about this cognitive piece that race is embedded in our technical systems this is an example of how optimization for popularity ends up becoming a proxy for race because it doesn't allow for anti-blackness in technology use the study was done in the study was reported in Nature magazine here in the United States in 2018 and based on dating profiles but that logic still persists however Addison Ray did the dance I did not show you Sydney doing the dance Allison Ray has 70 million followers so definitely firmly sits in that super user tiktok universe I was describing she's very likely to appear on the for you page in fact I cannot discuss anything that's discussed in meetings and we very rarely discuss individual tiktokers but we do discuss these these hyper influential accounts whether they be politicians or people who are famous or even people that really know how to capture the attention of the platform and Addison Ray would definitely fall into that category we actually saw content moderation decisions being made around this with Donald Trump on Twitter and during the 2020 US election where the decision was made that his account was so influential because he was the president of the United States that they would bring it down so this is very standard across social media companies to to really look at the types of messages that are being sent out by these super followers because the algorithm is optimized to promote the most popular pages without thinking about the social decision making the social content decisions in which popularity and desirability is is decided online she becomes one of the most popular people on tiktok and so as people are coming on to their for you pages they are seeing her latest content including the video that I just shared with you what does this mean so unsurprisingly Addison Ray is followed by filmmakers television makers record companies and a record company sees the video that I just shown you I'm sure it was longer than 16 seconds she loves Megan Thee Stallion she's always doing these dances and she's given seven thousand dollars to come in and teach tiktok dances to the staff of a record company as part of a promotion that they're doing as well as getting a spot on the popular late night television show Jimmy Fallon so Jimmy Fallon is a lot like and now I'm blanking now that I'm speaking to you all but the guy that does carpool karaoke don't know why I'm blanking on his name love him love him love him but it's a similar type of show comes on late at night very funny very topical and as you can see from the sign the man in the picture is uh is uh Jimmy Fallon the girl with the jeans is Addison Ray he's holding up the sign Savage Savage is another song by Megan Thee Stallion and when it comes up Addison switches to do this dance and she gets national recognition and attention we love it this type of recognition and attention leads to a whole plethora of opportunities including going to um commentate ringside uh uh I think it was a wrestling match and this Netflix movie he's all about that it is a Netflix movie about a young hip girl in America that falls in love with a young hip boy it's a take on a movie that was done in the 90s but the the girl is in the driving seat instead of being picked she's the pick picker and this debut is at number one at the beginning of September in the United States so this is what the algorithm this is how the algorithm and the the recovering of Addison Ray is really benefiting her in her real life when I looked up to see what all of these opportunities were amounting to between the seven thousand that she got paid by the record company for one dance the appearance on Jimmy Fallon which I'm sure was for free but gave this national platform through to being cast in a Netflix movie among other opportunities she currently September 2021 has an estimated net worth of around five million dollars and to give you to put that into perspective um Solange who is Beyonce's younger sister and has a number one Grammy album has the same type of estimated net worth um but I would argue a Grammy winner and having proximity to Beyonce is is valuable but guess what so is being on TikTok so let's look at what happened to Sydney Sydney actually created the video remember all Addison did was copy the dance that Sydney created so Sydney gets paid $700 by the same record company to to engage in the same promotion Sydney created the dance however Sydney's Sydney was not elevated to the for you page Sydney was not discovered by Jimmy Fallon and given a national platform Sydney was not cast in a Netflix movie that opened at number one which means that she's more likely to be cast in more movies Sydney got $700 that's around 950 pounds and she taught Addison Ray how to add to her $5 million fortune there's actually president for this so this is a picture of a minstrel show um they were very popular during the Jim Crow era which was the time just after the First World War so around 1918 and it didn't stop until the civil rights movement which was um in the 50s and 60s the 60s really by the time we start getting legislation in 1964-68 after Dr Martin Luther King died during this time black people were extremely lived in a segregated society they weren't allowed to drink from water fountains go to similar schools have certain jobs even make money for acting as black people but acting as black people was a huge business it was the minstrel business and what minstrels did is that they looked at the what black people did in the same way that Addison um looked at what Sydney did they copied it and they got money what I'm suggesting to you is in the case study I'm giving you the algorithm is acting like the minstrel because the algorithm is what is raising Sydney's Sydney's copycat thing I don't think that's even a verb um to national attention in the picture you can see that part of um being in a minstrel was that you would literally paint your face black to appear black even though you were white um and this is called blackface and you may see in the literature this idea of digital blackface this is at the same time that black actors and actresses cannot get roles in Hollywood or anywhere else for being black we can think of um stars like Dorothy Dandridge or even if we look to the life of Marilyn Monroe we'll see that she was engaged in her own um anti um anti-racist activism looking to performers like Bessie White a jazz singer and refusing to go to certain clubs unless they allowed black women black female performers to sit with white people so how does that racial literacy framework that I described earlier show up in this instance tiktok's algorithm is expressing racism by using followers by using popularity as a proxy for race and the way that it becomes a proxy for race is that and it's not really in it's not really um it's not anticipating that what makes this popular online is is mediated by race by gender men are more popular online than women by ability status I've given you a case study where we're looking at two able-bodied people but disabled dancers on tiktok do not get those types of followers uh generally particularly those with physical disabilities even though I do have to shout out Death Hoddy who is a tiktoker who um also does amazing dances um to Megan the Stallion but certainly is not at that level of Sydney Ray so when we say that follower count is a follower count is one of the optimization rates on tiktok it happens across all platforms we're also not being cognitive of how that becomes a proxy for race emotionally Sydney and other white tiktokers who do the same she is not the only one were in outcry it wasn't their fault that the algorithm favored them they were just doing a dance this is to do with the company they're not racist and they're correct um I don't know whether they're racist or not racism as you know because the work is being done in your community is the process of policies and practices that oppress people on the grounds of race and actually makes their lives harder because of their race so it's impossible to know through a screen but we do know that we do know that they were very uncomfortable that uncomfortability that I described with with the engineers they didn't want to discuss it and from the black perspective people like uh Sydney Ray who are watching Jimmy Fallon as we all do these are late night shows like James Corden I remembered at the wrong time like James Corden people that we all love these are national treasures why wasn't that opportunity given to them the question is simple the show team were just looking for the most popular people on tiktok they had no preference not knowing that that's actually a racialized question and the press was therefore full of outrage by black creators the action plan from a black creator perspective was to stop posting videos you can't steal what's not there this chap on the left on my left is um saying in the far screen made a dance for this song goes to the to the frame on my right psych this app would do nothing without black people so they were they stopped dancing and then somebody comments the way nobody knows what to do because we won't make dances for them and then um the letters are just described you know like laughing my a off um and the rest so they stopped there was a strike that strike is still ongoing as far as I know tiktok has a black creators panel that was developed after during the george floyd uprisings that came across the globe and looking for ways to make sure that black the art of black people on the platform isn't stolen co-opted and then commercialized by white creatives and so what they started to do with the algorithm like I showed you the algorithm before when dances are um when dances become really popular when it's when an addison ray or others do that dance they actually do a split screen and show the person who originally developed the dance also there are also um new protocols where they're going to act at I'm sorry the original creator so that that person can be raised and this came about not just through the example that I'm showing you in the strike but the new york times did this huge expose on the renegade dance which is very similar to the one that I had shown you and it was going on a similar trajectory but because the times did a profile of the actual um originator who happened to be I think a 14 year old girl in georgia she started to get these opportunities so it's not perfect but it does show that racial literacy and technology when taken on by a company can actually be encoded into our systems we can cognitively think about inputs that increase that reduce racial harm increase racial literacy and make the output less anti-black right emotionally we can all just admit that as human beings we're creating these systems using machine learning what machine learning does is use patterns of the past to predict the future because lots of people click on to addison ray that means she's the most popular without thinking of the way the the way the platform itself has raised that or even without thinking that the reason she's popular is because of this practice of co-opting and in terms of an action plan one of the things that I would definitely recommend to this and communities like it is that this becomes part of your decision-making matrix whether it's that you're using technologies and you're really interested in their impact on minority groups along whichever line I focus on anti-blackness but there are issues with accessibility there are issues with depictions of women and feminized folks if you are somebody who is trans or non-binary the algorithm commits harm too those questions could be asked or even as your designing systems you're thinking about how can we optimize for justice how can we optimize for fairness how can we make sure that in that learning process we're asking questions that will make the lives of people like Sydney McRae and mine better as opposed to just increasing the access and privilege of those like Addison Ray who by the way I'm sure is a wonderful young woman but was an incredible case study for the talk so finally before we get into conversation I don't have my timer so I don't know if I have over talked or under talked my hope is that I have under talked so that we can get into conversation this really gets to the work I'm doing now so this is how we make AI for the people I sit on that content advisory board I raise these questions I'm in the company of people who have the emotional resilience to have these conversations and I do that because as communicators my my ultimate professional background is in journalism so I'm a professional communicator but as communicators we want to make these processes simple we want to do it in a way that is entertaining and delightful and engaging and in a way that allows us to speak about the harm of racism without falling into traps of fear without falling into traps of guilt but really leaning into the possibility of undoing a system that we ourselves created and when I say we I'm talking about society because black people and other non-white people certainly did not create the system of racism as we know in the UK in the US even though those power and differences do exist in those populations and then once we have figured out how we are going to create this new world how do we share that news with everybody else how do we recruit people of good conscience who want AI to be for all people for the people and I'm so looking forward to your questions and your conversation and I'm hoping that next time you are looking at a video that seems entertaining that seems to be getting traction one of the questions that you are asking is how was it created and what impact did this have on the creator? Great that took me by surprise Matali that was a very quick finish thank you so much for opening that up to us and illuminating us I mean with examples from TikTok which clearly resonated with some people from experience but I'm sure we're new to many of us too we've got questions starting to come in so the first one was actually around the example and I'll just get it up on the screen for you now but I'll read it I'll read it out to you actually but in the TikTok examples you were showing or the TikTok's approach generally what would you suggest they might do instead of popularity as a proxy and is that a discussion I'm adding to that is that a discussion you've been involved in in the content advisory board or not? Yeah so with them content advisory we're really focused on making the platform safe we're not so focused on the business model so I'll just say that and I think from a safety perspective TikTok have done incredible work where September in the United States is Suicide Prevention Month so one of the things that they're customizing optimizing the algorithm to do is to show helpline numbers and to make sure that users have access to that information they're not asking users if they're vulnerable but they're just making that available and I think that's a real pro-social way of using the for you page I don't know that it's a I don't know that there's a business plan and at the end of the day TikTok is a business it is going to have to monetize I'm not the best person to talk about social media just because I have a Twitter account because I have to for work but I don't have any others just because I'm so concerned about the way that our our data is used and how many proxies there are I showed popularity but area of where you live is often a proxy for race your name you know I'm clearly not white I'm Italian Condé can be a proxy and and for gender as well so I I without the business model I would say pro-social messages up with the business model I don't I don't have much okay no don't worry thank you thank thank you very much for taking the question I've got another one on the screen for you on my screen for you from Anu Roy who works actually here at the University of the Arts London and it's on the screen now I will keep quiet while you read it well um first of all this is probably the point that I say AI for the people is going to be coming to the University of Arts London we got an invitation so I knew it's really nice to to meet you and you know I consider you Matt and everybody else their colleagues even if it's for a small part um this is really interesting so but I'll talk about TikTok because that's the example I know TikTok were actually really proactive around making sure that creators of color were supported which is why they did that split screen like when they realized that dance was trending there's a certain threshold they would then go and look for the first time that that video appeared on the platform and make sure that people knew and the reason that um TikTok did that is that they're a dance platform and they want to be a place for fun they want to be um uh you know really young kids are on there they don't want to get into the any type of politics that's kind of their view um and and I was really pleased with that however these types of um these types of situations happen across platforms so you'll see attacking of black women on Twitter which is a huge you know a huge historic thing and not much work has been done there even though I am hearing whispers that you know black Twitter and the protection of black Twitter in the US is going to become an increasing priority we all know um that you know Facebook is where information goes to die they all do but those Facebook groups do a woozy and often um that's racialized and that's across the globe whether we're looking at you know Hindu nationalists using Facebook to to do terrible things and to non Hindus in India I personally think and this is what we were saying with the Algorithmic Accountability Act that platforms are going to make money that's what they're supposed to do they are their job is to increase shareholder value and if they can hold people by by doing this they're going to continue so government has to step in and what we were proposing is that if a platform is found to harm a minority community the algorithm would not be allowed to be um marketed uh because right now it's a free for all I could write code you know Matt and I could write code today it could do all kinds of harm and there'd be nothing stopping us thank you then thanks metallic thanks for coming on to the legislation actually um I had a question in mind for that um however I've got more questions too lined up in the chat for you now um so the first one comes from uh Pete Mellor and we'll just get it on the screen for you now oh my goodness so Pete so Pete um is asking about AI tools for education um and the thing I love about this question Pete I believe that we are kindred spirits the word touted is used um so all AI systems as we're designing them now if we are using machine learning and what that means is that we just look at um you know we look at a historical behavior and then we use them to predict the future or shape the future are going to have bias the best example and I did speak about it a little is the compass algorithm where judges were using it as part of their sentencing determination and the way that the algorithm was trained is that it was looking at sent historic sentencing determinations made by judges for those crimes with the assumption that the judges themselves weren't racist that weren't prejudiced and what it found was a pattern of judges um either giving black people longer sentences sentencing black people when they didn't sentence white people or refusing and parole and that became part of how the algorithm learned education is a hugely racialized field we know um I grew up in the I grew up in the UK I thankfully got an absolutely amazing education from nursery school primary school uh and then I went to high school I actually didn't do the middle I went to middle school I think for one year then I went to high school because it went from when I was 11 to uh GCSE and beyond um I got an amazing education because I come from my parents are both doctors so I had class privilege I also had two doctor parents who are like you can do physics we're black and we do physics you're gonna be black and do physics not everybody came from that so in my school if you look to the educational data you would think that black kids are thick you would think that black kids can can't do this and can't do the other and those AI tools for education are taking in all of that data they're looking at exam results they're looking at attendance they're looking at and they're not looking at the full life of a black student so I would definitely think that they have these biases and my advice is use the AI tool as a tool don't use it to make determinations if it's telling you like we saw with the A level algorithm that if you go to a state school that you're going to get lower um AI in lower exam results than if you went to Eaton and we all know bars Johnson went to Eaton then you don't believe that right you have to look at the actual student look at that student's performance look at that student's progression and my view would be look at their social life look at the environment they're coming from and make a determination and throw out the AI tool if it's being racist sexist homophobic and all the other isms great thank you thank you it's such a big area for many of us here at the moment in terms of how people are interpreting data from from these big systems the next question I've got oh blimey is also from a colleague here here in London so I'm just going to get Dave White's question up on the screen so Dave is asking me the relationship between human led moderation and curation and algorithmic approaches power and privilege Dave so most human led moderation is done in what we call the global south specifically places like the Philippines where you have people who are contractors to the companies working and call let you know call call center type environments and they're making these decisions on videos the issue or post the issue that you have around that is they may not have local context so even in the captain hook video there's a line in the video where they where she talks about eating groceries and it's actually not food it's it's reference to a sexual act that if you are if you are if you're in that if you're a you know a black teenager white teenager in America you might know that that if you live in the Philippines and you're trying to figure out whether the the lyrics are um are you know whether a three-year-old could listen to the lyrics you might hear captain hook oh yeah that's a you know that's some peter pan that's great groceries oh okay that that could be you know some some cheese and what she's actually describing is very sexual in nature so you get miss moderation um a lot where there's no context where this algorithmic moderation you miss in other ways because it moderation algorithmic moderation has to come to a certain threshold so um i was trolled really badly this summer for being a co-author on a paper and even though i was showing this was on twitter i was you know blessed to be in conversation or privileged i should say in conversation with twitter but because the abuse didn't meet the threshold and they hadn't been trained in african-american vernacular i didn't get any relief so i think that there's somewhere in between the two where you can use the algorithm to show great patterns i think they're really really good for big you know reading things that we would never be able to read in our lives and you would need human moderation but you would need moderators who actually understood the context and in global companies you might not want someone from the philippines or de far or any other part of the world moderating content from outside their context because things could get missed okay thanks matali um we're gonna take just one more question um from roger which will put up on the screen now and then we'll start to think about why new things up maybe maybe time for one more if anybody's got one okay oh how do we help how do we guide our children oh eight-year-olds on tiktok that scares me um you know eight-year-olds on tiktok because they really are too young for critical thought um eight-year-old tiktok is not optimized to be a platform for anyone under 12 even though i have a 13-year-old whose frontal lobe is nowhere coming nowhere soon um and and so i i worry about um his tiktok keys to be honest i think um they're increasing parental controls on the platform but i if you can and i don't have my youngest child is 13 so i don't have an eight-year-old i do not know what eight-year-olds are doing if you can social media is not necessarily the safest place um just because so many hidden messages are embedded um and from an advertising perspective you don't want your children advertised in a way where you know often advertisers will create community with their with people like um i remember when i was pregnant getting into a mommy a mommy's um facebook group and i didn't realize i was being advertised to the whole time but because i was i have so many questions i was in a very vulnerable position i ended up being um really victim to that and i think that children are in a similar situation um parental controls if you can get them um definitely limit though definitely limit i think you know in the content advisory board we have so many um youth experts um who come in and look at content but youth is not as young as eight it tends to be a teenage they do have children's experts but that's not what the platform is optimized for okay thanks matali um there are lots of questions coming in so if it's okay with you i'm gonna throw a couple more at you yeah i'm here to i'm not okay fantastic um question from tim coming in next uh we'll just get that up on the screen um tim asked some really great questions would human in the loop do something to mitigate this effect absolutely i think ai is an incredible tool is incredibly powerful we should definitely definitely be using it i believe in ai for the people i'm not saying get rid of ai i think that that would be an incredible mistake but we can't rely on it we can't give up decision making to systems that don't understand social context an example i always give is one here in chicago where the children services um division that they they do all the at-risk children work so they're protecting those kids gave over decision making power to an algorithmic system and what ended up happening is the increased caseloads of social workers and they ended up being so overwhelmed with cases that more at-risk children died because they had been fed all of these new leads that amounted to nothing and again it was on racial grounds so more black children were identified as being at risk and then white at-risk children died and the chicago um the state of the state of illinois ended up having to get rid of the algorithm whereas i think if they had been a human being they could have looked more into the history of those cases they could have been we need discernment decision making includes discernment and algorithms cannot be trained to provide that okay thank you more questions coming in um any optimism on ai yes i think for mitigating climate um ai systems have the ability to help us um first of all pattern i'm thinking of agriculture specifically so agriculture agricultural practices add 10 percent of all the greenhouse gases that we have um in the globe and one of the things that i'm seeing in the ag tech sector are the development of ai tools that can help optimize farming practices to stop things like nitrogen fertilizer use not stop it but reduce it once we reduce it we also are reducing the production of nitrous oxide which is a greenhouse gas we would not be able to do thermo imaging we would not be able to um process that data and make it usable without using ai systems and given that we need a world to live in i am so optimistic about what can be done in that area and i'm i just hope those scientists get get funding and it's not human subjects right we're dealing with soils so a lot of the problems i talk about are when we're using ai in relation to human beings great that's fascinating fascinating i'm going to take one more which i missed earlier from um sheila um we'll get that up on the on the screen and i'm sure sheila's not being deaf but um i'll leave that one with you oh my goodness sheila another uh i feel like um you know sister from another mister for sure she's asking can algorithms be more explicit is there a way to make them public like food labeling am i just being deaf no you're not so algorithms are protected by either ip so intellectual property or trade secrets what that means is that when a company develops an ai system they say no no no no no this is our secret source this is what makes us prior you know proprietary this is what makes us make money if we release the source code to the algorithm then everybody's going to be able to do this and we won't have a business so that means that we don't even know how they work when i talked about the report at the beginning we have to do ethnographic another quote and qualitative work to identify patterns but we cannot tell you exactly that system that i described and one of the things that we looked at in the algorithmic accountability act was a way of allowing business to have their trade secrets why so that they can be in business i live in the united states that's you know capitalism 101 while at the same time making sure these things are safe because we actually do have that when we think about the covid vaccine and how it had to go through trials and it had to go through tests and it couldn't be i mean that's a bad example in some ways because they got emergency clearance but there is a process because these things are being used on human beings but what i think we can do is inform citizens as we can demand that we can say to our politicians we can say to our regulators that these technologies are too dangerous they are making us racist by proxy right you can't be blamed for the i mean the racist decision making of source code that you have no access to but if you use it you're definitely part of the problem and we we want a different future for ourselves and so that's a lot of the media work that we do even the work that we're coming to do at university college london is really around how do we increase the civic voice around this how do we expand this the civic imagination and let us know that the technical systems that we use are as much as our concern as airways and rivers and the houses that we live in great thank you so much matali there are more questions but i'm actually going to have to draw a line under it now unfortunately because there's a big gala and television program launch at five o'clock and we wouldn't i'd be in a lot of trouble if we ran into that so can on behalf of everybody here a huge thank you for for today fascinate a fascinating torch and it's clearly been very popular i will show you the chat afterwards and you can browse through that but i'm sure everybody will now join me in in the way we have to thank you through emojis for your for your talk today and we look forward to seeing you in london or in the uk at some point thank you thank you bye everybody


تشرف بالاشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا دادا دالا وياله من شراف عظيمي إن شاء الله تعالى ون now going to move on onto الوسائل التي يتحقق بها الضبض المطلوب What other means that an individual can take to become one who has precision in knowledge Before I go into that point I have to bring to your attentions إن شاء الله تعالى that a person having dubbed precision in knowledge and understanding knowledge as it is لا يعني it doesn't mean عدم الخطأ وزلل it doesn't mean that you won't do a mistake and this is very important you could have dubbed you can truly understand what knowledge is and have good comprehension but that doesn't mean you won't do a mistake Doing a mistake is something that comes from every single person except prophets and Allah تعالى تعالى He doesn't So an اسمه is not for anybody from mistakes Any scholar that you see فإنه لا يسلم أحد من الخطأ no one is free from mistakes from the scholars وإن عظمت مكانته لذلك ابن تيم رحمه الله He says قل عظيم في الأمة إلا وله زلا He's a little, he's an honorable person He has a status a scholar respected man in the community إلا وله زلا except he has a shock coming as a fault and a mistake So every single person ever a form of knowledge you have there's a mistake that's going to occur from them it could be a doctor, it could be a driver it could be a president, it could be it could be anyone زلا نحف و is present in a human it's our it's our innate natural disposition Allah تعالى تعالى has placed in us that mistake that comes from those scholars and those people of knowledge is not it doesn't come from عد مضبض العلم when they do that mistake is not because they didn't comprehend knowledge or that they didn't have precision in knowledge that's not the reason why or that they were ignorant about the principles of knowledge and قواعد and أصول and the كليات التي تفرع منها الجزئية it wasn't because of that the reason is because other reasons عد مضبض العلم عن أئمة العلم لفت بليم there was a time we went through that book and many years before I had actually gone through it with a couple of students but in the future I hope to record and go through it but إبروطيما mentions 10 reasons so these scholars they didn't fall into it عد مضبض العلم وقاعده so that means in conclusion of this particular point that I am talking about is that a person can be ضابل he has precision in knowledge and he has true understanding and comprehension ومع ذلك قد تزيل قدمه and he might slip into a issue he might fall into a shock coming in a particular issue and he might go against an evidence he might go against an evidence but what he will not fall into إن شاء الله و تعالى because of his ضب is اتناق with contradictions you won't see him contradicting himself now that I've mentioned that point I have to now go into إن شاء الله و تعالى the second point that I wanted to speak about in this sit of us in this lecture of ours and that is what other means that will aid you and help you to become a person who has precision in knowledge so our first sit was all about what it was the importance of having precision in knowledge this sit إن شاء الله و تعالى is going to be the second part is going to be about what how to gain it and how to receive it there are two ways in order to become a person who has precision in knowledge and truly understands knowledge the first one is characteristics that a student of knowledge should adore himself with to become one who has precision in knowledge characteristics as that the student of knowledge needs to have and when he comes with those characteristics and those attributes he will have precision in knowledge the second one is the second one is a methodology a practical methodology in having or to have precision in knowledge is a methodology a practical methodology that a student of knowledge will need to shred on in order to have precision in knowledge so let's start with the first of the two which is the first one was what characteristics and attributes that the student should adorn himself with in order to have precision in knowledge the first topic we are going to bring out points that a person should have with him the first one is sincerity you have to have sincerity in the knowledge that you are seeking that you are sincere about it and you also have to be sincere in your striving in wanting to understand knowledge you have to be sincere and you are trying to comprehend it you have to be sincere in that it shouldn't be have it shouldn't be for a worldly gain that's not what your purpose should be anyone who seeks knowledge a person learns knowledge and his only main goal for knowledge is what he wants to compete with the scholars in belittling them or he wants to laugh in the face of the people and say look at how much I know look at my comprehension look at what kind of person I am or he wants the people's faces to be directed at him and say way more and the people they want security and they want pride evenonly from the outside don't worry come on sit on your feet so between them so وردالك عبد الله بل مباركة رب يالله يتعالى عنه وهي سيز أمرحيمه الله هي سلعا أول العلمي أنية The first thing, the first stepping stone The first part of knowledge is attention The first thing is intention In other words, that your intention is correct and it's pure You're doing all of this You're doing all of this You're doing all of this Trying to gain the face of Allah That's what you want And then he goes on to say What's the next one تُمَلِسْتِبَعُوا وَلِسْتِرِيقِ تُمَلْفَهَمُوا وَذَنْ كُمْبِرِهِنْدِنْ تُمَلْحِفُوا وَذَنْ بَمَرْمَرَيزِنْ تُمَلَ عَمَلُوا وَذَنْ اِنْبْلَمْبِنْتِنْ And then implementing تُمَلِسْتِرُ and then spreading that knowledge But the first one is what? أول العلم أنية The first thing a person has to have is intentions وليالك لما محمد رحمه الله he said There's nothing like knowledge There's nothing equal to it But it's for the person whose intentions is good They said وكيف تصحرنيه يا رب عبد الله How would this person perfect his intention? How? ألم محمد said He intends to remove ignorance from himself first His concern is I just don't want to be a jahil anymore And left he number one وعن غيره and then he wants to uplift ignorance from the people By educating them, by teaching them So the thing that the person intends is what?  أي تعبد الله على بصيره You want to worship Allah upon insight With knowledge And then when you are after that وأي يدول للناس على الخير Then you want to show the people the khair You want to show them حكام الله's legislations and rules and regulations حتى يعبدوا And so they can worship Allah على بصيره أفضل إنساء حليمي سد وقال الحليمي وحليمي سد يبغي لطالب علم It is necessary for a student of knowledge أن يكون تعلمه للعلم That his seeking of knowledge is أن يكون تعلمه A student of knowledge It is obligatory It is necessary For a student of knowledge For his seeking of knowledge ولي العالم أن يكون تعليمه And also the scholar In his teaching of knowledge They both have to be for what لوجه الله جل وعلا It has to be for the sake of Allah No other reason لا يريد به The student does not want from it التعلم أيكسما He does not want to gain from it بما تعلمه مالا He doesn't want to He doesn't want to gain wealth for it And do money or anything أو يزدد به في الناس جاهل أو he gains a position in the community They lift him up أو علاء قراني استعلاء And only a dadi إقماع إقماع أو he doesn't want to have a high position أو his peers And he doesn't also want The people who he's against For them to become humiliated Because he's now a great gain knowledge That's not what it is for him Because إقماع means و لا يريد العالم That's the student of knowledge و لا يريد العالمه And the scholar does not intend بتعليمه By teaching the people He doesn't want to increase the followers that he has That's not really why He's not learning knowledge So he can have a large amount of followers Thousands of people are following him He wants fame from it و إذا أحصوا وجدوا أكثر من الأخذين عن غيره And if they're counted The majority of the people are not taken from him و لا يكون علمه أظهر So that's not his intent His intent is not that Less people take from others And they all take from him And that he makes his followers large And he's a group larger And he also doesn't intend و لا يكون علمه أظهر من أعلم غيره And he doesn't also intend That his knowledge becomes the most apparent He just wants his knowledge to be the one that's up there بل يريد العالم But rather the scholar what he intends is أداة الأمانة He just wants to fulfill this response This amana that is upon him بنشري ما حصل عنده The knowledge that he's been gaining all this time of his life He just wants to take that responsibility And place it in its right place He wants to fulfill it و أحياء معالم الدين And he also wants to bring life To the Islamic principles Islamic laws and regulations And the symbols of Islam He wants to bring it back و صيانته And he wants to protect it from And to the rest That it doesn't perish And it doesn't go كما روى أبو حريرة رضي الله تعالى كما روى كما روى أبو حريرة رضي الله تعالى ليس Volunteer انتبه以 وقية المستوى سامل المستوى right moment 187 وإذ أخذ الله بيثاق للذين الأوت الكتابة لا تبيلوا لناه للناس ونأخذوا اللهم سبحانه وتعالى قبل أن أخذت نائق من المهمين في المتحدة ومهمين في أفهم لا تبيلوا لناه للناس أن تكريفوا سيشكله لله فاستقلوا إلى تقول انه يرد المتعلم عبادة الله عز و جالب طالب العنم الدين يرد الجو الجاود الذي ساعده الاعلم ويرد العالم يساعده to worship Allah جميعا يصبح يأكل مستخدماته ناستخدم حتى يعود العلم الدين ويرد المتعلم عبادة الله عز و جالب طالب العنم الدين و لذلك كان الشافعي و رحمه الله يقول و امام الشافعي كان يقول و ديت اي وش ان الناس تعلموا العلمة و لم ينسب إلي شيء منه الامام الشافعي رحمه الله و ديت اي وش ان الناس تعلموا that the people took knowledge from me و لم ينسب إلي شيء منه but nothing is attributed to me و ديت اي وش ان الناس تعلموا I wish that the people learned that they studied knowledge but nothing is attributed to me in other words what he wants is اي تعلم الناس that the people learned not that the people say تعلمنا من الشافعي we learned from the shafi'a and the shafi'a was our sheikh and he taught us he doesn't want that ابن جماعة he says حسن النية في طالب العلم بأن يقصد بأن يقصد ابن جماعة says حسن النية good intentions في طالب العلم in gaining knowledge is what بأن يقصد به وجه الله تعالى is to try to gain the faith of Allah ولا عمل به and to implement it وتنوير قلبه وتجنية باطره and to enlighten your heart and to clean and purify from your heart والقرب من الله تعالى and try to get close with Allah يوم القيامة the day of judgment والتعرب لما عده عد لأهله من رضوانه وعظيم فضره and also gaining that which Allah has placed for the people who are people of knowledge the people of knowledge that Allah is going to be pleased with them and the great virtues that they're going to gain that's what his intentions are so good intention means that you intend the space of Allah for this you do this for Allah's sake you're implementing it you're trying to place light inside your heart you're trying to remove from your heart any filth and debt that is in it you're trying to get close with Allah so when you meet him the day of judgment he will give you a station and a position of the people of knowledge so that is the first characteristic that a student of knowledge should adorn himself with the second one is that you are truthful in your seeking of knowledge you're very truthful and that is and what does it mean to be truthful it means that you're seeking of knowledge and you're striving to gain knowledge nothing else gets in the way of it nothing else you let it get in your way rather you are truthful in seeking of it and that is called you are singling you are singling the seeking of knowledge from everything else it's alone by itself you have no other intention you have no other desire for anything else all it is for you day and night is knowledge and you don't associate partners with it you single it when he started the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he said to the man he took Islam after he told the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم is this what Allah made obligatory on you and the Prophet told him this is what he made obligatory on me and then he said I'm going to do it when the man turned away the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he said to his face the Prophet said it to him if you are truthful with Allah in other words if you are truthful with Allah Allah will give you what you want and the Sahabi was killed as he wished until the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم said he was truthful to Allah and Allah fulfilled what he promised for him so the person who is seeking knowledge if he comes with truthfulness if he comes with truthfulness in the seeking of knowledge then what he needs to remember is that what he needs to remember is Allah is going to allow you to gain what you want and reach the clues the germans and the jewels that you're looking for and because some of you may wonder what's the difference between خلاص and a صطق ابن القيم says والفرق بينه the difference between a صطق و بينه الإخلاص is is that we have to distinguish between two things the thing that the person is seeking and the one who he's seeking so we're looking at you're trying to seek knowledge but who's sake are you seeking it for singiling the one you're doing this action for is called إخلاص and singiling the action is called صدق the ultimate goal is Allah that is إخلاص sincerity صدق means the means that you're taking the means that you're taking singiling that is called صدق so I'm seeking knowledge for Allah's sake that is إخلاص as for singiling knowledge from all other things doing it fully alone by not getting preoccupied with anything else this is called صدق so a student of knowledge should have no other intention and that's why a lot of people don't gain knowledge because they don't have صدق they're not truthful towards knowledge he only wants to seek knowledge in a verse that the teacher is teaching 99.9% of the time he's on social media he's on twitter all day he's posting things he's telling the people read Quran why don't you read it and focus on studying the Quran but learning the Quran instead of just posting it all day on social media some people are sincere and they want to benefit others about it another issue is the only time people study is when they are put in a position where they can't do anything else so then then and only then do they study but it has to be something you love something you're addicted to something even if you want it to stop you can't stop that's how much it is for you if you look at social media today these are people who are meant to be students of knowledge all they're talking about is politics business hunting when I say hunting here I mean income and making money how to gain something how to achieve something all day gatherings let's meet let's go out rest restaurants friends let's meet we're going to the restaurant today we're going to eat together this is these these sittings that they have that are a waste of time all of these are things that get away getting away of seeking knowledge and not being able to be precise in knowledge that time that you're going out and you're eating at restaurants or you're posting on Instagram or you're looking at other people's comments or you're responding to this comment on this comment and you're wasting your time like that do you not know there was a mess you could have understood even more and you could have gone even deeper into it and have even more fam and understanding and precision of it or lie I know people who spend hours reading comments reading tweets reading Facebook posts Post posts going to Instagram watching this and doing this والله if they read every day of that time they read the Quran and they studied they would be scholars by now they would be علامة حفاظ حفاظ I'm not doing it's the reality two to three hours if you sat down that you're looking at this tweet or looking at that if you just reading comments reading tweets looking at that if you just sat down and you studied you would have seen a lot of the basement the third characteristics that a student of knowledge that adore himself with is was and patient على ما يناله طالب العلم من مشاقة من مشاقة في طالب العلم high aspiration and patient on the hardship that you will go through whilst trying to gain knowledge knowledge والله it's not easy it requires a lot of patience and then be even precise in it it requires even more patience لذلك الله سبحانه وتعالى says in the Quran in Surah Ali Ibrahim ay 200 يا أيها الذين آمنوا صبروا وصابروا ورابطوا واتقوا الله لعلكم تفلحوا or those of you who believe be patient patience لذلك عبد الله رضي الله تعالى عنهما he said لما توفي رسول الله when the prophet died قلت لرجل من العنصار I said to a man from the people of Ansar I said to a man from the people of Ansar I said to him يا فلان هلوم ما فلنس الأصحاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم فإنهم اليوم كثير عبد الله بن عباس he said رضي الله تعالى عنهما when the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم I went to a man from the people of Ansar and I said to him come let's go and go to the companions of the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم we ask them in other words we take knowledge from them for verily the sahabas are large in number today in other words they're going to die so let's take all that which we need from them this shows you the wisdom and the wisdom and the truth brain of this noble companion I remember some brothers I said to many years ago يا أخي come I'm going to travel to this country I'm going to meet some of the مشايخ and the علامة إن شاء الله تعالى they may go over through this is many years ago they'll go over three or four books with us come with benefit those years went by they don't come with me years went by they didn't come years went by I saw those same students that's if it's a deed go and sit in that same lesson sitting with a brother who came with me to that class so when have they done they've not taken it from the people of knowledge but they take it from the students of the people of knowledge other students I said to them يا أخي all the time you're in the masjid you're I said to him that you're in the masjid you're part of the administration مشايخ come all you're doing is you're supervising and you're running sit down take a chair and those times when the مشايخ come the دورات that happen sit down and listen excuses so the problem brothers is this issues can happen which is that when they've been come let's do it look what he responded he said some people will not only would they not come with you but they will even try to hurt you and they will say to you you people are going to need you and he said that to the صحابي the noble companion he said fascination be with you do you see the people going to need you do you think that the people are going to need you وفي الناس and you see the noble companions are alive they'll say to you do you think people are going to need you when those people you look at them they have low aspiration leave them the علاماء الله العلمة صالحة فوزان is alive العلمة الشيخ صالح الصحيب is alive you see so they'll say to you أترى الناس يحتاجون إليك do you think the people are going to need you وفي الناس من أصحاب النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم من ترى and you see from the companions of the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم who you see فترى كذلك ابن عباستن and money listen to that he left that and he goes وقبلت على المسألة I went to go seek knowledge and gain it from the صحابي فإن كان لا يبلغني الحديث عن الرجل فأتي sometimes it will reach me a حديث is with a particular companion and so he said I will travel to him and I will go to him وإن ابن عباستن فأتسودوا ردائي I would place my cloth or garment over my face cover my face and sit next to lie down next to his bed and the wind will blow over my face and the sand will go into my hair and my face فيخرجوا this companion would come out and he would then say to me يبن عم رسول الله the prophet's cousin ما جاء بك what brought you لا أرسلت إليه فأتي why didn't you send somebody to me to tell me that I'll come to you if you wanted something why didn't you send somebody to me and then I would have come to you فأقول عبد الله ابن عباستن I would respond by saying no أنا أحقوا أن أتيك I am the one who should come to you فأسأله عن الحديث and then I would ask him about a hadith قال فبقي الرجل حتى رأى لي وقد يجتمع الناس عليها and he said the man the man and I lived together we lived and he said but what happened the difference is that he saw me and the people all gathered around me and then he responded by saying he said كان هذا الفتا أعقل مني this young boy is more smarter than I am he is much smarter than me he said كان هذا الفتا أعقل مني this young boy is greater and smarter he is more smarter than I am then ابن عباستن understood the that this Ansari man was saying is not what he wants to come with he has him he has him high aspirations he knew that he wanted to gain a great portion of knowledge and no doubt he did so he was patient upon seeking knowledge and he put his legs legs down he went and traveled he is a noble companion of Allah he met the messenger he is the cousin of the messenger he is from the family of the prophet and he had to sleep in front of a door let the wind go into his hair and his face and he صلى رضي الله تعالى عنه would say to the person no and the scholars they took from this العلم يؤتى ولا يأتي knowledge you go to it it doesn't come to you knowledge you go to it it doesn't come to you and Allah what did he do for ابن عباستن برزة he became a parent he became known وجعله الله إمام الله made him an Imam من آئمة الهودى والعلم from the آئمة of our time that we follow in guidance and in knowledge وذلك إمام مسلم رحمه الله he narrated in his صحيح a statement يحمنا بكثير أحد أئمة التابعيد that he said and this statement is very famous عبارة مشغورة and I made a lecture on this alone which is لا ينال العلم براحة الجسد you will not gain knowledge with a relaxed body العلم بالتعلم to gain knowledge you have to seek it والحلم بالتحلم and if you want to have four parents you have to try to work to gain it ومن صبرا صبراه الله and anyone who comes with patience Allah will give him patience and when he strives to want to gain patience Allah is going to give him patience so العلم بالتعلم you can gain knowledge by striving sitting somewhere and wishing to be half of the Quran or sitting somewhere and wishing to be a scholar is not going to bring you anything you have to go out of your way you have to do things that the ordinary people are not going to do for knowledge you have to strive you have to do the unthinkable when it comes to seeking knowledge two things my beloved brothers and sisters you have to divide they contradict each other they don't work together just like water and fire cannot be with each other the same is what knowledge and gaining it and having a relaxed body being in comfort comfortable lifestyle and gaining knowledge don't work never so you trying to push these together is probably why you're not gaining knowledge and this is the true meaning of high aspiration high aspiration needs that you will understand that nothing can work with knowledge other than what other than the statements of the Salaf وردالك عمر برشح بيل was asked they said to him من أين لك هذا العل where have you gained all this knowledge from and then he said بنف يد اعتمان I left of reliance on anything he doesn't rely I don't rely on myself I don't rely on anybody what say to feel Bilad I travel the land he's trying to seek knowledge وصبر الحبار I'm patient like the patients of the donkey the donkey gets beaten things are put on him he's just working وابوكور قبوكور الغراب and I leave early just like the crow leaves early the crow he leaves in the morning this person is telling you he's a student of knowledge والله he's telling you he's a student of knowledge and you see him sleeping all night and then he wakes up at the time and he's telling you he's a student when he wants to learn what a student of knowledge wakes up at that time what a student of knowledge any student of knowledge ليسلحو وردو مين الليل at night he's not awake and he doesn't have a portion of prayer and the student of knowledge who after Fajr does not then go read Quran and study from that time onwards there's nothing to hope for him you are falling yourself you're lying to yourself because this noble عالم عامل بنوشر حبيل الشعبي this is his statement when he was asked how he gained knowledge and with that والله فبهذا يُنالو a person is going to gain knowledge like that and he's not married رحمه الله look what he says he said إن هذا الأمر لا يُنالو this matter which is knowledge is not gained حتى يُدقى في الطعم الفقر until you taste poverty you want to enjoy yourself and have a comfort life and a lifestyle that's so enjoyable but you want to gain knowledge and knowledge with it as well أبو ذاني لا يجتنقع two opposites don't come together it's impossible it doesn't happen so you need to remember the minute you want to gain knowledge is the day you have to be ready to lose every money that you have and lose wealth ديدالك some of the aimer to sell students will come to them and say I want to gain knowledge and they will respond by saying to them عبشر تخر Tru ً量ة they are of poverty not going to leave you if when you are real about seeking knowledge and this is a true path that you have chosen to take then it will also give you the glad tidings of poverty that is not going to leave you whilst just in the spotlight of knowledge and Roy trying to gain it then yu need to be ready is Yor health is gonna be لن نضع خطيرات you'll be on issues of problems, your children, your lifestyle, when you say I'm going to be سصادق truthful for knowledge you lose everyone around you, you lose everyone, people try to tell you they want to call you they want to speak to you they want your everybody و لكن إمام الشاهد في إعراحيمة الله he said فحق على طلبة العلم بلوغ غاية جهدهم في الاستكثار من علمهم والصبر على كل عارض ان دون طلبه وإخلاص إليه لله في استدراك علبه نصن وستماطن ورغبت إلى الله في العون عليه وقال إنه من المعرفة لكي يجب أن تحصل على أفتحه ليس أن تقول أنه يجب أن تحصل على أفتحه لكي يجب أن تحصل على أفتحه لكي تحصل على أفتحه ويجب أن تحصل على أفتحه لا توقف هنا يجب أن تحصل على أفتحه أنه يوجد إطلاق فقط يوجد بحرية أربع كل دلال أن تحصل على إطلاق يوجد إطلاق لدينا أطلق في مكان where you come and it stops لذا يجب أن تحصل على أفتحك وليمام أحمد an old age he was carrying a pen and paper وينما يخبرونه إلى كتاب أحمد ايها عبد الله إلى كتاب فأكالأمر ستكونوا فيه حي all your life you are going to carry a pen you are writing your study relax now وليمام أحمد he said لا من المحبرة إلى المقبرة from the cradle to the grave I'll carry on لا يوجد توقف. يوجد توقف لا يوجد توقف. من الشرطة إلى الشرطة. لذلك ترى أنهم لم يوجد توقف لا يوجد توقف.  There's nothing after it. But what you don't really understand is university is actually an introduction. PhD is only an introduction. The real knowledge is what you take after you graduate from university. After you become a doctor. After you've taken all that's what it really starts for you. You've only now started seeking knowledge. University was only to open your eyes. That's the reality of it. But we misunderstood it. We've actually thought that PhD means you finish knowledge. That you've got, you've finished knowledge. Now what it is is that you've been given the tools to carry on what you started. PhD means you've actually been given keys to carry on what you started. And that's how CELF will have you understood it. And if you look at the biography of a CELF the scholars in the past predecessors and how the patients that they showed in knowledge and how they spent their lives in this and their wealth, then you would be amazed. And there are a lot. And you can look into those books if you wish so. But لذلك أبو يوسف القاضي صاحب أبو حنيفة ستون أبو حنيفة رحمه الله He said Knowledge is something لا يعطيك بعضه حتى تعطيه كله. Knowledge is something that will not give you some unless you give everything.   So once knowledge sees that you've given it all you have it will then respond to you by saying Okay, here's something. Here is something, not everything but something.  No one is. As for if the person he just reads books here and there he goes to حلق here and there he studies books all he's going to gain is تقافة عامة overall understanding You're never going to become a person من تحصل تقصيل وتقعيدا You're not going to learn قواعدا أصول like that. And you're not going to have تمكن في العلم You're not going to be rooted strong in knowledge ever done. The way to become like that is giving it everything you have. The fourth characteristic that a student of knowledge needs to is العمل بالعلمي Implementing the knowledge you know A person has to be one the knowledge he is gaining and then he is he's got that he is going to give Implementation in response to it. And implementing knowledge is one of the ways to hold knowledge down. It's how to understand it. It's how to make sure that it doesn't leave you. And that look at this يرحم الله he said إن العلم غوائل There are things that corrupt knowledge فمن غوائله from the things that corrupt knowledge is and يوترك العمل حتى يذهب. Until Implementation of it is left حتى يذهب and then knowledge leaves you. The person leads Implementation and then the knowledge is those. So leaving off ترك العملي you've given علما Leaving off Implementation يعني أنه يجب أن تستطيع أن تستطيع ذلك المعرفة التي توجد المعرفة الشعبية رحمة الله عامل المعرفة الشعبية يقول كنا نستعيل على أهمف الحديث بالعمل بي The way we used to keep the memorization of the Hadith is by implementing it If you want to hold down knowledge Then the way to do that is what? By memorization, by implementation So the way to keep the memorization that you have is by implementing it الحافظ من صلاح رحمة الله he said وروين عن وكيع وكيع من جرحة الرؤاسي He said أن قال إذا أردت أن تحفظ العيل الحديث فعمل به وكيع من جرحة الرؤاسي he said If you want to memorize a Hadith implemented The implementation here is what? It means you worship Allah in that knowledge that you learned So for example if you learn The dua to say when you go into the toilet You worship Allah with this أعود بكلمات الله اللهم إني أعود بك من الخبث والخبائي اللهم إني أعود بك من الخبث والخبائي And then when you come out you say وفرالك You worship Allah in this dua You implement it This is عبادة نفسية The implementation also means التعليم والتبلغ Conveying it and teaching it This is a form of implementation Because the money has what? The money that you own What do you have to pay for it? The Zakat right? The Zakat of knowledge Knowledge has Zakat The Zakat of knowledge is to teach it To implement it It's the Zakat that money owns That knowledge you pay from the knowledge that you have The fifth characteristic that a student of knowledge needs to have is what? عدب الستعجال بالطالب التائج والثمار That you don't hasten in the results And the outcome Take your time Calm down and don't hasten Don't throw yourself all at once Think it to yourself that one week seminar One week seminar will teach you everything This is just a مقدمة It's an eye opener And because of this Because of thinking that you can gain knowledge In a very short time People thought they go to a course They finish They come out automatically They think they are So what happened? تراقص تراقص happened تمشيخ And also others Who thought they are Scholars and people of knowledge The reason this happened to them Is because they did not understand That what they have just gained Is really just the beginning It's just the beginning It's the starting point And this is a dangerous Cancerous illness When the Prophet ﷺ He said to the companions When he saw them suffering From the harms of the disbelievers He said ولكنكم قوم تستعجلون You are a group of people Who are hasten You are too hasten And this is after he saw them Being physically harmed They were going through hardship And the Prophet ﷺ He said ولكنكم قوم تستعجلون You are a group of people Who are hasten You are very hasten You want to conquer the world You want to take over everything One time Just the same way is knowledge Victory and knowledge And everything it comes by time It has to be done with the process وليذلك يونس بن يزيد He said That يونس Don't try to take all the knowledge at once إن العلم أود Knowledge is an ocean فأيها أخد فيها قطع بك قبل أن تبلغها In other words, knowledge It requires patience and calmness from you ولكن خذ ولكن خذها مع الأيام خذها مع الأيام يونس بن يزيد ولا تأخذ العلم جملة لا تحاول أن تقوم بأيام لا تحاول أن تقوم بأيام يونس إيام والليالي فإن مراما أخذه جملة ذهب عجبه جملة أي one who tries to take knowledge يونس بأيام يونس بأيام ولكن بعد الشيء مع الأيام والأيام يونس بن يزيد تحطيا إذن عند حياة مراما تنقا أمم ممتدا بقصصا 라고 تقصيلاتهم تقصيلاتهم أو أعلمين الذين يأتيون مع فتاة وشاد تقصيلاتهم ويأتيون مع تقصيلات تقصيلاتهم مخترعة ويتجرأون في عضائب الأمور ويبدأون بشكل كبير ويطلقون ألسلة في النوازل ويطلقون عن رؤية موازل ويطلقون من غضب الساكة ويطلقون الموازلة ويتيون نحكام أعلمين ويطلقون ألسان من أسان نحن نطلقون يحاولون أن نتقصيل ويقوموا بالفتاة تفعلون خلفي أو أصبحت قبل أسمعون الشيء ويقومون بالفسطار ويقومون بالاستعجال ويولدون وكذلك كان السكولي يقول مرسطة عجل الشيء وقبل أواني وعوقه ببحر ماري ومن who hasten something before it's timing he will be prohibited اذا كان الشخص يأخذ فتوة العلماء وانه them submitting that without him speaking but he's saying this is what the scholars have لا بأس لا بأس He's a nap, he's a transmitter He's a transmitter He's transmitting what the علماء the fatwa they gave what we're talking about here is a person who he thinks he can produce the fatwa that he can give the verdicts as for if this person is bringing the أقوال of the علماء and the fatwa of the scholars and he's transmitting it to the people and saying this نازلة that has happened شيوخة العلماء spoke about it and this is the ruling they gave لا بأس لا بأس there's nothing wrong with this person what we're talking about is people who are giving verdicts themselves they're placing تقصيلاتاً أصولاً قواعد ما انزل الله بها من السلطان no alim has said this they introduced it and then they started to speak about مسائل عظام big matters opening their tongues on these issues and the scholars have not yet said anything about it and they've not spoken about it anyone who has that is ما يستعجل شيء قبل أوانه عقباً بخرمانه and you'll remember that this person will be prohibited from a lot of knowledge that he could have learnt a lot of things they could have received the sixth characteristic is ملازمة العلماء spending your time with the scholars calling them all the time واخذ العلماء عنهم and taking knowledge from the علماء ومراجعةهم and revising these issues to the scholars and saying أهل العلم what is this issue what did you mean by this what in particular is this and this it's very important and any opportunities you get you travel and you meet the scholars and you read books from them وعدة ملكتفائي بالكوطب والمطالعة don't suffice yourself with just books and reading and going through books only فالعلم لا يوقاد إلا من العلماء knowledge is not taken except from the scholars ولا يمكنوا تحصيل العلم and you can't gain knowledge بكثلة القراط والإطلاع that you read so much ولا بقوة الحفظ not excessive memorization أبدا rather the matter is going to the people of knowledge أهل العلم the people of knowledge and taking it from their mouths ولذلك عمر رضي الله تعالى عنه عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله تعالى عنه we say ألا وإن الناس بخير ما أخذ العلماء عن أكابرهم really the people are upon good as long as they take knowledge from their scholars where أكابر here means علماء الهل العلم من أهل السنة that's what it means ولم يقوم الصغير على الكبير and that the one who is small in knowledge does not stand up against the one who is old and great in knowledge تجر أطالب العلم الصغير على العلماء and a very small student of knowledge doesn't that's what it means by that statement فإذا قام الصغير على الكبير فقد هلقوا that day you see a student of knowledge speaking about big mountains opened his mouth on a sheikh al bani opened his mouth on a sheikh بحمد مصالع you know what I mean opened his mouth on a sheikh عبد عزيز المباتس الشيخ صالح الفوزع الشيخ عبد المحسع this person when you see that فقد هلقوا destruction destruction is on its way and this shows us what this statement رضي الله تعالى عنه what does it show us that the student of knowledge has to be behind the scholars and the people of knowledge and أهل العلم عبد اللهم المسعد رضي الله تعالى عنه he said لا يزال الناس بخير the people are upon good as long as what ما أتاهم العلم as long as knowledge comes to them من أكابيرهم from the scholars and the people of knowledge فإذا تاهم العلم من قبل أصغيرهم هلقوا and if knowledge comes to them from the ones whose knowledge I are small then they are destroyed and this is ابن عبد البر الحافظ ابن عبد البر رحمه الله تعالى ابن عبد البر إنس كتاب جابع بيادة العلم وفضلي واني مام الخطيب البغداني the word الصغير they mentioned that it means that the الصغير he has أهل البدع this is the view of عبد اللهم ببارك so it's not age so the أكبراء are the people of knowledge and age with knowledge نعم أم أم مجرد السن أس from mea age with no knowledge in it فلا خير فيه there's no how many people are old and they don't know استمجاء so that's not what the أقوال of the I met yourself mean فذلك there's a كتاب السكود العلماء الذين لم يبلغوا سبنا الأشد سكولس who didn't age العلماء من نوره الله تعالى he died at the age of 40 إن عبدالهدي he died at the age of 38 العلماء الشافعي ما الشافعي he has a مدهب يتبع he's 52 أه 50 52 صح العلماء الشافع رحم الله because he's born at the year 105 and then he died at the year 56 56 العلماء الشافع 56 is small very young all of that is what all of that is the issue is الأساغر أهل البداع رميز الأساغر في العلماء and small in knowledge الذين لم يتمكنوا من ضب العلماء وتقصيني they're not found dating on knowledge when you look at the fatwa the fatwa of the علماء is on two different ways this person is not an عالم the author that came regarding taking knowledge from the علماء and not sufficing yourself with books and articles on the internet or and etc you would be able to go to the books of عبدالبر جابع بير علماء فضله خطيم البغدان المؤلفات ابن الجماعة and others the books of Adam and whatnot كتاب حالي طالب العلم با الشخبك البوزيد and other books that are that speak about this but here I want to show you to transmit one word which is نفيس very noble statement and this شارطبي ورحمه الله ولمام الشارطبي in this particular issue which he mentions أن العلمة لا يمكن أن يحصل إلا عن العلماء that knowledge cannot be sought cannot be gained and accept from the scholars and that the student she take the knowledge directly from the mouth of the people of knowledge or the second stage which is that after he's taking it from the scholars he then and goes and takes it from the books he mentions something very important that I'm going to go through he says ولي العلم المتحق وبي العلم أي المتمكن منه أمرات وعلمات the scholar who's متحق he's grounded and he's rooted and he's precise in knowledge he has signs and things to identify him with and then he mentions some and then the second one he goes أثانية to the second way to identify is أن يكون من رباه الشيوخ في ذلك العلم the scholars have nurtured him he was nurtured he was cultivated by scholars in this knowledge that he has لأخذه عنهم by taking it from them ومولازمتي لهم and he was consistent with them فأول جديل بأي التصف بما تصفو به من ذلك so that he should be also أصبحت and also seen as the scholars he took from because he's been nurtured by them he's been cultivated by them they nurtured him you see and he was with them consistently so it's necessary that he's also looked at like them you see و هكذا كان شعروا سالف الصالح and that's how the سالف الصالح is the person will go and take it from the scholars and the late he will become a scholar and then he mentioned the story of عمال رضي الله عنه ربام الشارطة بالرحمة الله and that عمال رضي الله عنه when he spoke to the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم in the hudabia he kept coming back to the prophet and then he brings the statement of سهل ابن حنيف the companion who said to the people ايوها الناس او الناس اتهي مرأيكم suspect your opinions و الله لقد رأيتني you guys saw me يوم أبي جندل و الله لو أنني أستطيع أن أرد أمر رسولي رسولي الله عليه السلام لا ردت with that يوم أبي جندل if I was to ever if I ever was to able to reject the prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم come on I wouldn't reject the day of our agenda when the prophet gave him up so it's very hard for them the companion came with shackles just came to the prophet and the prophet said go back I have nothing to do for you if I was ever going to refuse the prophet some statement I would have done it that day and I never so I never suspect your opinions because that day we suspected how is it going to be you see but we realize after سبحان الله الله تبارك وتعالى his prophet he says the truth ثم قال after that when he brings that he says فهذا من فوائد الملازمة this is the benefits of being consistent and being with والانقيادة للعلم and being submitted because the prophet was the scholar of that time he is the prophet of Allah and they were with him and they consisted with him submitted themselves to him عليه صلى الله عليه وسلم and being with the scholars this is the benefit he has you're going to come to just listen to them submit yourself to them because they will give a ruling sometimes you may not see where they're coming from but you just be quiet and later you say الله أكبر الله أكبر look how they saw it والصبر عليهم في مواطن and you're also going to come with a patient with a scholar the times when he says things that have you don't know where is he heading with this حتى لاح البرحان العيان until it becomes clear to your eyes and you see where he was coming from until he goes on to saying وحسبك من صحة هذه القاعدة أنك لا تجدوا عالم اشتهرة في الناس الأخذوا عنوا إلا وله قدوت مشتهرة في قرنين and he said this is after a while and he said sufficient for you is this particular principle is that you do not find a scholar who become famous among the people he's known except that he has a role model that he takes from he is a scholar in which he takes from and he references back and he's always seeing him as a as a source of reference وقلما and it is little وجدت فقة زائغة and it is also very little to find a deviated group إلا وحد مخالف للسنة إلا هو مفارق لها لها دل وصف it is very little to find a deviated group and a person who's deviated except that he goes who goes against the sunnah there's not a group who goes against the sunnah and a person who goes against the sunnah it is very little to find except that the reason for this is what they are not known to take from the scholars and they were not nurtured by the scholars and they were not they were they never reference to scholars and this is what وبيضي ذلك كانوا العلماء الرسقون كالأيمة الأربعة أشباهم and this goes against أيمة الأربعة أبو حنيفة أمام الشافع أمام محمد all of them تسلسل they have a chain they are the scholars they took from they studied with them now he goes on to say وإذا ثابتها if it becomes clear أنه لا بد من أخذي العلم من أخذي العلم عن أهله if it becomes clear that it's obligatory to take knowledge from its people فذلك الطريقان there are two ways to take it the first one is المشافة مشافة means taking it from the mouth of the scholar directly by going to his gatherings وهي أنتق الطريقين وأسلموا مع and this path is the best of the two paths the first one is the best the second one is going to come but the first one is the best of the paths and then he mentions benefits أمام الشافع in the gatherings of the scholars and the things that ثم قال أنه لا بد من يفتح للمتعلم this student it is open for him on the hands of the sheikh ما لا يفتح له دونهم that which is not open elsewhere ويبقى ذلك النور لهم بمقدار ما بقوا في متابعة معلمهم وتأديبهم معه واختدائهمهم and that light will stay with him as long as he remains following his teacher and the mannering of his teacher and following the first steps of his teacher that's the first step the second step is مطالعة كتب المصنفينة looking at the books of the people of knowledge and going to the books of the people of knowledge وَمُدَوِّنِ الدَّوَوِنِ and going to the books and the places which they have they have authored their works articles you're reading them ومعرفة إصطلاحاتي أهله and knowing the terminologies of the scholars and what they mean by each word ما يتم له بالنظري في الكتب that which allows you to look at the books in the first place you are familiar with terms and the scholars what they mean by it وذلك يحصولوا بالطريق الأولي وهي المشافات العلبة and you won't be able to know the terminologies and the things that are in this book you won't be able to fully understand it unless you previously took from the scholars أو ممن هو راجع إلي or you're not or always referencing them back so you read the book you call the scholars you say شيخونا I read this what did I understand from it was it right was this what he's trying to say نعم and he goes on to say وهو معنى قول من قاله and this is the statement of the scholars who say كان العلم في صدور الرجال knowledge used to be in the chest of scholars فمن تقل إلى الكتب and then it moved on to books وما فاتحوا بايد الرجال and the keys are in the hands of the scholars ولكتب وحدها لا تفيد طالب منها شيء and the book alone does not benefit the student whatsoever دون فتح العلماء وهو مشاهد ومعتاد unless the scholars come and unlock it for you the book it won't benefit you if you don't have the keys for it and the keys are in the hands of that scholars so they have to open it for you they're the ones who know how to open it and unlock it so if you're not referencing the scholars when reading and you're not going back to them and if you previously in the beginning didn't take knowledge from them then don't hope to gain any way to acknowledge so all these treasures and all these gems and jewels that are in these books لابد it is necessary for a I'm not sure this is not the quote of شارتبه it's finished but the statement of شارتبه is that the gems and the jewels that are in these books which we want to gain لابد فيه من مفتح there has to be a key and the keys are in the hands of the scholars and without those keys لا يتمكنوا القارئون من فهم الكوتو بي ولا تحصينوا ما فيه you're never going to gain what's in this this noble book but you're trying to read and you look at and you're never going to be precise in it unless you take it from its people لابد it is necessary for a and it's the key because it's in the hands of the scholars and the book of the scholars and the scholars who are in this book where يفعل their다� القرار to take a look at your book because God has put so much in these books there are so many are there so many


Muslims around the globe are in the midst of the holy month of Ramadan, and that was evidence Saturday night in Prestonsburg, where the Islamic center of eastern Kentucky held potluck dinner to break the days fast. Fasting is the primary way in which Ramadan is observed. And we started our fast before first light, so we fast all day without eating or drinking. So Ramadan is prescribed for Muslims, and in the Qur'an, which is the holy book for Muslims, God talks about how He prescribed it for other religious communities as well. So it's following, like for example, Christians have lent. There are different types of fasts, right? And so for Muslims, Ramadan is the fast that is prescribed for them by God. But as soon as the sun goes down, which was at 8.52 Saturday night, food begins to flow. At sunset, those gathered first enjoy a light snack consisting largely of fruits and water, that is followed by a group and individual prayer, and then a full dinner. Like the worshippers who attend the Islamic center, the foods served represent a number of nationalities, from the Middle East to South Asia and beyond. The atmosphere is welcoming to all cultures, including to non-Muslims who attend out of fellowship or curiosity. And those who attend the Islamic center say it is important for them to welcome outsiders in order to combat negative stereotypes about Muslims. Every religion has its extremists, people that will twist that message to their own ends. We want to be beacons for what we understand Islam to be, which is about spreading peace and love. Like the Christian Easter, Ramadan follows a lunar cycle, so its date varies from year to year. This year the holy month began on May 26th and ends on June 24th. Reporting from Prestonsburg, I'm Ralph Davis for EKB News.


Audhu Billah, I'm Nishita Rajeem, Bismillahir Rahmanir Raheem. Hello, we are going to share goal setting and interestingly we are to share some facts how these goals setting are important and how these goals are giving us energy. And first of all we will see about it is providing us academic success. When we are relating it to the academic, we are performing social activities, goals and that is leading us towards the academic performance. Yes, it is activity in which we are performing different potential in academic activities. We are doing a lot of work in which we are affected by social skills, in which we are involved in communication, in which we are involved in interactivity, in which we are involved in empathy, in which we are involved in a lot of skills. So goal setting is not a simple thing, it is very important, it is leading us towards the academic success. And for goals setting we also see that that is also the source of motivation for us because we are getting confident about our own abilities, our own potentials and we are getting clarity of our task that what we have to do, how we have to do and we are also setting it while seeing our prior abilities and performances. And in this we are getting a lot of things, that is also becoming source of inspiration and we got motivated. And we become more optimistic. We start getting a lot of opportunities in front of us, we start thinking when we express things, execute things, we are accumulating things in it, so we are getting new things. And we are also seeing that in new situations we are becoming very hopeful. Then we can do some things. Otherwise our doubts and our hazards of feeling challenging situations won't give us anything. But we have to be very optimistic and we have to adopt those things which are helpful for us and also providing us motivation. There are many situations in which we are seeing our specific situations and we also see the difficulties in the sense. And this is only possible when we go through the goal setting and we are going through an improvement. When we are reviewing things, we get an idea that it's not so fit as we were by perceiving and previewing earlier. In that we improve our actions. In this we are also seeing that the challenging situation is more helpful in the goal setting. We will learn if we face difficulties. And when we face difficulties, we review them. We see different dimensions. We are also taking help from others. We are finding out literature. And to combat this challenging situation, we become more successful. And it is accumulating over potential and abilities and performance. And we are boosted up that we become confident when we are meeting those challenges. And we are to be more committed with the performance.  But we have gone through that problematic situation and we meet those challenges with the help of these abilities. And we also see that we are more reflective about social influence. Our social influence is increasing. And we are gaining because of our social influence. And we are getting new situations, new performances, new opportunities because we are more influencing. We are more communicative, we are more expressive, we are more interactive. We presented ourselves in different situations. We got confident. Other people felt that it was not a problem for the rest of the people. They felt that it was a problem for the rest of the people. They felt that it was a problem for the rest of the people. This is the issue of our academic and interactive efforts. Which are leading us towards the success in our life. And we are becoming more powerful in the situation than more motivated in the situations when we are working together. We are getting more benefits. We are getting incentives. But if we are more confident, we are more successful. If we are more goal oriented, we are more successful. And this one is the life success. Life success is the society success and also our own success. Thank you very much.