So you've all seen the program, which isn't sure why you're here. We have had a lot of discussions in the planning team in the past few weeks about the themes that are angry with the program. You will see that the sessions all follow or tied to particular themes. And before we go off and start engaging with the sessions, we did set aside some time to have each of the theme leads from the partners come up and just to present very briefly a snapshot of what each theme is about. And then we also have a friend that we will invite to the stage to give a human story, a human face, what these themes are about. And I can say more about that in just a minute. So silly would you like to kick us off and say a little bit about what is to be expected in an agricultural theme? Thank you Karina. Good morning everyone. It is easy to be here at the DNC days and you can see who the picture changed. One of the main introductory picture is about food and the food market. So food and the agricultural system are really at the heart of our life. They are at the heart of supporting sustainable development goals, but they are also a part of the main climate solution. You should think that it is not only about industry transport energy in the solution, but it is also in the overall agricultural food system. And in particular, I would like you to remember a few facts. More than 2.5 billion people have agricultural-based livelihoods. This is not even counting people who process and distribute and sell foods on the street. This is a big figure and most of these people are living in the south. In addition, they provide 50% of the food supply for the world and more, 80% in developing countries. This is extremely important.  They are facing many risks, multiple risks, but those extreme events affecting them are big. Agriculture senators have sold more than 26% of the total cost of damage and loss. Here, in changing total damage and loss, we have heard loss and damage. It is mutual compatible terms. It is just used differently by UNTRA and UNFQC. When it comes to drought, agriculture has sold 80% of the total damage and loss. This is really important. So, we are extremely pleased to have these themes treated today as one of our priority issues with all of you. Working with many partners, it is not a fail-speaking alone here, and speaking on behalf of a larger team, we are working together with no legal egos, no logos. Working together, UNTRA and UNICEF set for advocating for putting especially small-scale farmers at the centre of the action. They need to be paid with fair price, not only because they produce good, but also because they sequester and cover with the forest and the soil that they manage properly. They take care of the nature with ecosystem services, and they should be rewarded for that. But this is not happening. Hunger and food security is rising today. I think Ruth can speak more about this, and I know when, now or after. Great, Ruth, can you give us the reality of where you work with the Red Cross in Southern Africa? Thank you. So, as Ruth makes her way to the stage, thank you so much. This is our funding for these days to sponsor participants that really are working with frontline communities on issues we are discussing today. So, for each of the teams that are introduced, we also would like to introduce one of the sponsor participants. They were selected through a competitive process, as Ruth just had a wonderfully compelling story to share with us and so we brought her here to come to join for the NCCD and more. So, what would you like to share with us? Hey, Ruth, I have food in there. Moody, thank you so much for having me. So, access to food is a basic human right. And however it is in the South African context, when food security is threatened due to a worsening climate, over 41.2 million people are fully secure and of this number, 11 million people require urgent assistance, of which the majority are those living in rural areas and are subsistence farmers. These people are primarily dependent on their projects and livestock to support their families and communities. With the negative effects of the drastic climate change in the region, resulting in floods and drought, we are increasingly seeing numerous families are able to meet their daily nutritious needs. As evidenced in rural African communities, we dependent on nettles and wild fruit, increased lifetimes of deaths in Namibia, Lusitun, Botswana and Zimbabwe. Families who are having little or no access to water to cook, to drink, to irrigate their crops and provide water for their livestock. There is also a steady increase in children who can diagnose with malnutrition, which is a byproduct of poor nutrition, which ultimately leads to standard growth, making them more susceptible to health and mental issues. The Federation not only intervenes by providing humanitarian services to address these needs of those vulnerable communities, but we also advocate for long-term sustainable and adaptable solutions to food security at the community level. This is conducted through our national societies as well as our value volunteers. We are working at the household level to ensure those made vulnerable by the floods and drought have access to food and to water. Implementing activities such as the promotion of backyard gardens to improve household access to diversified diets, planting in trees which not only is beneficial for the environment but also has a medicinal aspect, rehabilitating water points and innovating livestock water production just to name a few. In closing, I would like to urge that we develop naughty sectoral programs that will assist communities in identifying, minimizing and managing the effects of climate change to ensure that they achieve the primary goal of providing food for their families. Thank you. We're going to have this early warning and reaction to leave no one behind. And the picture that you're seeing is an image of a totally right-crossed staff and volunteers delivering two canoes to a community that is at risk of rising water levels due to the West African monsoon. So of course, taking early action and having those canoes in place based on early warning, we know consultants help save lives, livelihoods, and reduce the cost of responding to disasters. We're really keen to see that there's a tension at the level for bridging this climate that we're seeing in the past between the humanitarian world and the developing climate world. And so we're excited to offer three sessions on the program today. We're going to link to early warning, early action to leave no one behind. The first session is about the use of remittances. Can we explore the potential for use of remittances to fund early action based on early warnings? And you'll see that program being led by colleagues from the Climate Center and our secret work, a few others. We also have one program on what I just mentioned, translating these global commitments for taking, strengthening early warning systems and taking early action. We have a lot of commitment at the global level, putting in the recent on-cast summit. What does it take to make sure they transit to reality at the national level and truly benefit for the most vulnerable communities? And so we'll have a session on that exploring the challenges and opportunities for doing so. And the third session under this theme is a bit, not what you would expect when you think of early warning, early action. You may have seen on the program a session about climate grief. We do know, we have information about the world that awaits us and we do try to often say there's hope, there's a lot that we're doing, the global community is coming together, but nonetheless we are noticing on the people feeling anxiety, depression, what we may be able to label climate grief about the future, not about what's already happened, about what awaits us. And so the third session under this theme will be unpacking this concept of climate grief, trying to understand what it's about, what we can do about it, how we can manage it and it's then going to be quite out of the box. So please come and join any of those sessions. We look forward to seeing you there. And for the human face of the early warning, early action theme, I'd like to thank my colleague from the Kenya Red Cross, Esther, to share a bit of her experiences working on this. Thank you Karina. Good morning. So I'm part of a local branch in the Ruby and I would like to share our experience. One, the 22th of April last year, 119 households were swept away in Sinanga village in Kibera and this was due to flash floods where a stream nearby washed its banks and the water went to their homes. To put this into perspective, 601 persons were displaced just in one night. And to add on that, we lost two people in that incident. So what happened this year, we as Red Cross and other partners, we came together and decided we needed to do early warning and action and also work with the communities. So what we've done is that we've collaborated in the Kenyan Meteorological Department and other partners where they over weekly forecasts. So we use this weekly forecast stream for the communities. However, the weekly forecast has also been enhanced by ensuring that we give potential impacts of the weather events that will be occurring between the week. So we break this information. Of course, the production is usually in English. So we work with our community-based disaster response teams to break all the information into a local language. And where we translate it into Swahili and Shem, which is mostly used by the young people. And we sell this information via social media, using Facebook, using WhatsApp, by videos or just messages or just voice messages. The other thing is that we also work with local media. Something interesting in Nairobi is that every informal settlement has a local media that, like a local FM radio, that is, you shall use this in the locals. So we are using those media houses to offer advisories on what the community should do when there are these events and what is expected and what that means for everyone within Nairobi. So we've managed to share information about what the community should do, like moving from the lower grounds to higher grounds. Of course, we've also shared about the dangers of working in still water, moving water, and also information about emergencies. In case someone is distressed, they can call the recourse to support them. The other thing is that we've also collaborated with the local communities to open up drainage systems. One of the huge challenges, especially in the informal settlement, is that you don't have a proper structured way of waste disposal. So this waste disposal, you shall clone the drainage system and when there is rainfall, then the water has no place to go. So of course, currently since the second week of October till today, we've experienced enhanced rainfall due to positive in the ocean dipole. That is something I also had to learn through a lot of climate science, but it is very important for the community to understand what is happening. So that is what we've done. And so far, we have not received any call of distress from the community. So for us, we feel like the information shared with the communities has really helped in ensuring that they are aware of the environment and the weather events they want to do. The other thing is that we've also been doing a contingency planning and looking at the weather forecast, preparing for the worst case scenarios. Of course, to respond in case there's any distress. So that is my story. Thank you. And we have Santiago of MyDRC to introduce the scene. Thank you very much. My name is Santiago Alba and I'm from MyDRC. And we're going to talk about resilience and finance that most and rocks. And I'm going to talk about the pressure of seeing under the microscope a dry, almost dead piece of moss and put the drop of water and how the moss actually can be so alive. Because the communities that we serve actually are the most resilient of the beings that we have. And the finance that they receive can actually make them support these rocky times that they have ahead. I have today the pleasure to be here with my friend from MyDRC, IED and Climate Kick. And I think one thing that we ought to agree is that we need to get the climate development and finance system right. When only a dollar, every 10, reach on delivers local climate action, we are missing bit of local information, we need to engage innovation. The current system and the way that we are doing it is leaving too many behind. We are not, the climate finance today are not tackling key drivers on gender inequalities, the rise of women, vulnerabilities, chronic poverty, resources, degradations and the impact of climate change. It's the moment that we need to work together even more than ever. The states, governments of all the levels, private sector, civil society and communities, in particular need to engage how climate finance and private investment can build a more resilient future. Today we are going to be asking participants of the session for your perspectives in how actually climate finance can promote inclusivity and can help communities to have and to build more resilient future. So with that I'm going to introduce Gia from the UK that is going to be talking an expert on innovative approach to finance data. So we are working to bridge the data gaps between finance, policy, science and assets and how that actually relates to this theme of financing resilient future is really simple. We've already heard that the current financing systems are not fit for purpose if we want to create a resilient future. The decisions we make today are going to impact our future but currently we don't have the data available or we aren't using it in order to make climate smart lessons in things for example, such as our infrastructure. But I'm here to talk about practical solutions and that's what I'd like to see in the urge for in today's discussions too. The key blocker that we've identified is actually that getting to the crucial data is a lot of the effort currently. It's really difficult to search for it and when you do find it, it can take a really long time to negotiate the licensing rights to it. Which means that we're not making sound investment decisions. But this isn't about the technology it's actually about the culture. It's about the cultural mechanics of data sharing. It's about stepping away from the models that we're in currently which are about closed by default. And it's about understanding that there are many situations where we can and should be sharing data to generate both public and private good. So that's what we're doing. So what we need to do in order to address this problem and scale is actually focus on the infrastructure that we already have in place at scale today which is the web. We're bringing together policymakers, infrastructure builders, financial builders, finance experts, scientists, insurers and NGOs to agree to share principles and practice for data sharing to figure out what the licensing looks like to figure out what the legal, the rights and the liability issues look like too. So we're working on how we can get data flowing across transportation across agriculture, energy, water and construction in a way that allows people to make carbon zero decisions. We're focused on the question of how can we unlock access to data to inform the kinds of systems that we want to create. So I'd actually like to leave you with a reflection today and a question. To find answers in the future we need to understand our investments. To understand our investments we need to enable data access. To do that we need to agree to share principles and practice to change the cultural mechanics of data sharing and we need to take businesses, governments, NGOs and scientists on that journey with us. So my question to you all is what could we enable if we agreed to share principles and practice for data interoperability and scale? What could we create? If you'd like to talk to me more about this I will be here all day or you can head to icebreaker1.org forward slash join. Thanks very much. Our second task theme is establishing resilient cities and infrastructure. We've got Cinta for a brief overview of what's to be expected. As you all know cities are homes they're centers of the economy, centers of power they fuel innovation. But cities are also increasingly affected by climate related hazards. In Europe this summer cities suffered from heavy rains, we see bushfires burning outside of Sydney right now Esther has mentioned the impact of flash floods in East Africa. This year, as part in 2020 governments have committed part of the Cindy framework to create sub-national DRR plans that includes plans, DRR plans for cities. This information is also critical for the creation of maps and will hopefully also feed into ending seas so it's a big year and lots of action can be taken. In our two city sessions this morning the first session will explore some of the challenges. You will hear from the private sector you'll hear from the humanitarian sector you'll hear a local perspective from Nigeria and also a challenge in infrastructure and as the audience you'll be asked to think of solutions to try to address these challenges. Then in the second session you will have the opportunity with UNDRR's printed special D&C date dollars to become an investor. You'll be pitched innovative transformative ideas that could fuel solutions for cities and infrastructure and you will be allowed to choose which of these ideas you would like to invest in to help build a better future and for a little bit of perspective from the ground I'd like to invite Jennifer to the stage she's joining us from Nigeria. I'm from Nigeria I live in Lagos States Africa's largest city with over 21 million people affected by several issues including climate impact issues such as flooding sea level rise erosion and the host of orders 2016 I decided to build a community of young people who would go out into communities and build residents among other young people and especially with local communities. In our second session I will talk to you about an initiative we started for oil spills and pollution especially in the Niger Delta. Now Potacot River State in Nigeria is an orange city where it has several climate change issues pushing more young people to the cities and then the question of residents really comes to what can these young girls especially in this city do when they are pushed by lots of biodiversity and marine life their fishes are dying oil spills causing a real big problem for them and we'll talk about some of the solutions that we've come up with young people trying to mobilize residents in this particular world. So we have one final theme and there's an interesting story behind the nature-based solutions theme we were going to be in Santiago we had a fabulous team from IID fully charged up ready to offer many sessions on nature-based solutions bringing partners from the region our work was going to be everywhere and then we unmoved and the team wasn't able to come to Madrid, the plan has changed and so what we do have is still one session that is focused on nature-based solutions and then we've done the best we can to integrate NBS nature-based solutions to the rest of the sessions and because the IID team that was leading on this is here with us today we do have the pleasure of having Xiaoting from IID to speak to you a little bit about what's in store and with regards to this theme so Xiaoting is I'm recording that and pop up and just warmest greetings to all I'm Xiaoting from IID it's been a great pleasure working with so many amazing partners to bring nature into the DNC day discussions a thriving nature environment is fundamental for human resilience for example these help pollinate crops trees on farm help improve water and nutrient retention birds help control pests and earthworms help improve the fertility of soil all these are essential ecosystem services provided by nature for resilient agriculture systems green roofs and gardens in cities and forested areas around urban watersheds can provide cooling relief for ever-warming cities they can also provide more reliable food sources and clean water supplies forest on mountain slopes can reduce damage caused by avalanches and the risk of landslides and mangroves can protect communities from storm surges help reduce the risk of natural disasters in addition to helping us adapt to climate change nature can also help capture carbon and bring development benefits for the poor and most vulnerable communities working with nature is often the most cost effective and sometimes the only affordable way to adapt to climate change but biodiversity continue to decline at an alarming rate in every region of the world we urgently need to channel more funds and create more incentives for nature based approach to support vulnerable communities who are heavily dependent on natural resources working with nature to build resilience is interlinked with all the other themes at DNC days and touch upon every topic you will be discussing today your discussion on this theme are also very timely as more and more governments and companies including many at this COP are recognizing the importance of finding integrated solutions to the interlinked crisis of climate change and biodiversity loss we hope everyone at DNC days can take this excellent opportunity to share experiences of working with nature including best practices and lessons learned we hope the discussions today can inspire future collaborations to scale up nature based solutions for a shared more resilient future lastly I'm very sorry that I won't be able to turn in person but we are very excited that many participants today are local champions of nature based solutions and can bring their wealth of experience into the discussions we wish you a fruitful day of interactions and inspirations


Hey, can I get a picture with you? Yeah? Can I get a selfie with you? All right. Hey for hauling you've been flying forever. Yeah. Yeah, some more for you guys. Hey, I see you collect pens, so I actually got a United States Air Force pen right there for you guys. That's so cool. Really? Hey, just keep them on. We need some more pilots. Y'all want to do it? Oh yeah. Just keep them on. Do you guys like flying? We'll present arms, order, arms.


Hey everybody, it is September 20th and it's Storm Area 51 Day. We got the September Alien 3D UFO Box and we're going to open it for you today. My name's Jim. And I'm Lindsay. And this is the Edge of Tech. So like I said, we got the September Alien 3D UFO Box and it's right here. Now September is Suicide Prevention Month, so this box is completely designed and it's a sweet design all about how the world is better with you and it. You got the scissors? Yep. Let's do it. I love the box. And no, I did not look... I looked and I didn't find it yet. She didn't find it yet. Yet. Alright, the box is open and we're diving in. I'm going to find it. I'll find it, Robbie Mack. I'll find it. So right off the top of the box, we have some Stroop Waffles. I know who's going to be eating those. Fine. There, there, there, there, one for you, one for me, one for you, one for me. We have the little pamphlet that he's been putting in there instead of the trifold, which I really like. I think save the money on the trifold, throw that online and do these. These are really cool. Welcome to September. This month marks the end of summer and the beginning of a string of holidays and festivities. September also contains Suicide Prevention Week, which with the holiday season coming up, I thought it would be important to bring attention to such a touchy subject. Some of us, myself included, have had some bad days, have had bad things happen to us in our past, and some of us just can't help it and our minds bring us down. But I want each and every one of you to know that we are all family here, many in the community and myself are here for each other and here for you. So no matter what, know you can reach out if you need to. I hope you'll enjoy this month's UFO, Josh, Alien 3D. Thanks Josh. I love this community and Josh, you're another reason why we do love it. We got some sweet stickers. Proofy box. I think that's the same thing. Something like that. We have parts right away. We'll get to those in a little while because I'm not sure what the project is yet. I have not looked. I've not cheated. I bet you're in full of soldering. I probably does. I've been practicing. There's a little board here, which is sweet. All right, so let's start another ribbon for suicide prevention month, I believe. So we're going to start with some 3D universe neon orange PLA. I really love this color. This color is awesome. I have something I want to print with this actually right away. But it's for the project. And probably is for the project. I'll let you do this one. Ooh, I like this one. It looks familiar. We already have this one. This is from Coax. Ice Amethyst PLA. This is an awesome color. It is an awesome color. We made part of my lightsaber out of this. It's awesome. We did. Her handle and the cap of her lightsaber is made out of Ice Amethyst Coax. If you have not tried Coax yet, do it. It is really awesome filament. The next filament we have is Filament One. It's a Glint Gray ProSelect PLA. A Glint Gray. Oh, cool. That has some really cool sparkle in that. Check that out. Next up on the line, I'm going to hand this to you. What do we got? Fiberology. WolfWorks3D.com Yellow Impact PLA. Nice. I really like that yellow. I don't think we have yellow. So that's perfect. We got another ribbon that I found in the box. Also, it looks like the 3D printing tool that actually comes in every UFO box. If you get the full box, it looks like a dial indicator. That is going to be a really cool tool. Some people print mounts. This dial indicator can go next to your hotend. You can print them out, and you can actually come down and do bed leveling with this dial indicator. It's going to be pretty cool. I don't have one of these in general, so that's a pretty cool tool. Thank you, Josh. All right. I looked it up quick because it didn't say anything about the project that I could find in the box. Now, maybe I missed it. I probably missed it. What it is is a mini Wi-Fi 3D print monitor, and it uses Octoprint.  You get a little ESP8266 in this bag with some other parts.  That's going to be really cool, a little LCD monitor. This project looks like it comes from Chris' basement, thanks Chris Riley, but it shows you the time of the print and that kind of stuff right on the screen. That's pretty cool. We're definitely making this project. I'll have to post some pictures on Twitter when we're done. This enclosure looks super easy to make. If it's anything like Chris Riley's video, if that's what we're going to follow to build this, it'll be super simple to build because Chris usually lays it all out for us, which is an awesome thing. We're going to finish the video first here. We got some really cool filaments, four of them, yellow, orange, iced amethyst, which is kind of a purple, black, and a really cool silver. We got some really cool ribbons for Suicide Prevention Month, a dial indicator, some Strip Waffles, which he's very excited about, and a really cool project that we can plug in and see the status of our prints from our printer. This is a really cool box. Thank you so much, Josh. This is the full UFO box. Check it out. The description's below. All you have to do is click on it, try it for one month. I know this month and next month we're going to be really cool. This month has some electronics, a little LCD screen, which is awesome. It's really cool that Josh can include those in his boxes for 36 bucks a month. You get the filament samples, the project, and a 3D printing tool all for that price. If you click my link down here, you save $5 on your first box just to try it. So check that out. Anything else? The Alien 3D UFO box on Storm Area 51 Day. It's awesome. I hope you learned something today. And as always, keep printing. Sorry, I thought you said it wrong. It just sounds so weird. I know.


This past week we lost a great American. Secretary Colin Powell's remarkable life of service represented the best of us as a husband, father, soldier, and of course, a leader. Well known for his clear-eyed and compassionate approach to mission and people, we would all do well to study and remember how he approached his life's work for the military and our nation. An example comes from one of my favorite quotes from the general. Quote, leadership is solving problems. The day soldiers stop bringing you their problems is the day that you have stopped leading them. End quote. Lead well this week.


Can you see? Okay. It is here. Azi Mula. I don't know. It is in Colombo. Sit down. Okay, sit. Okay. Your business is a private moment, seek the endowments of our friends, the press, leave us for now and you will have your moment after this excellent pace, I would like to ask for that moment. Can I just show that? Just show that. Remove the type of... The ender. The ender? My God. Come here. Thank you. Honor a book. Honor a book. Come inside. Hello. Come on. Manji, you're going to have a problem. Because here, don't want to capture him from behind. Most of my friends are like that. But now you're just like me. You're just like me. Daniel, shall I write? Sure. Sure. Okay, okay. Thank you, thank you so much. I've managed, don't worry. Did you man, was your microphone on? Was your camera on? Mm-hmm. Okay. That's how it works. One, the two. Yes. Thank you.


Haiti's U.N. Ambassador Antonio Rodriguez has appealed for international support for the country in the wake of President Jovenel Moise's assassination. U.N. ambassadors stood to mark a moment's silence for Moise during the General Assembly Tribute. U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Linda Thomas-Greenfield said a delegation from her country had traveled to Haiti in recent days in response to the country's request for security and investigative help. Deputy U.N. Secretary-General Amina Mohammed said that under Moise's watch, Haiti has seen the eradication of the transmission of cholera. In recent days, a U.S. government delegation traveled to Haiti in response to the Haitian government's request for security and investigative assistance following the assassination. The delegation reaffirmed not only its close partnership with Haiti, but also its commitment to working in support of the Haitian people and democratic governance, peace and security. We joined the government and the people of Haiti in mourning his excellency, President Jovenel Moise. Under his watch, Haiti saw the eradication of the transmission of cholera. The last recorded case was reported in February 2019. Next year, we will be able to announce the full eradication. We would have wanted to witness this achievement together with President Moise. It was not to be. Haiti has had difficult times in the past. It is living through difficult times now. The United Nations stands with Haitians in a spirit of solidarity and partnership. The partnership that is grounded in helping moving Haiti from emergency approaches to long-lasting solutions.


The Palace of Westminster is home to one of the busiest parliamentary institutions in the world. Thousands of people work here and visit every day. And millions of tourists are drawn to its iconic splendour. Completed in the mid-1800s, many of the palace's features have never undergone major renovation. So what's being done to tackle any problems? Not only to ensure the palace continues to function as a working building, but also to preserve its unique heritage for future generations. In this video, we will look at the palace roofs, towers and rainwater drainage system. When these cast iron-tiled roofs were installed on wrought iron structures in the mid-1800s, it was cutting-edge technology built to last. But now, 160 years on, the roofs are in fact leaking, bringing significant damage to the stonework, fabric and historic interiors of the building. The palace has some of the most valuable Victorian interiors in the country. If nothing is done about repairing the roofs, there is a risk of severe damage, if not total loss to some of these interiors. This now needs to be addressed urgently. So a phased programme of roof repairs and replacement is already underway to ensure the building is watertight before any major restoration and renewal work inside begins. It's now come to the stage where it needs major attention. And if you just look behind me, you can see where there's been water ingress. You can see the result of rust and salts, the capillary attraction where the mastic has gone in between the trusses. You can see that temporary spaces have had to be put in to ensure that the roof tiles don't actually fall apart. This is the back end of the gutter and you can see especially along the top of the gutter flashing here where there's been water ingress and the severe rusting. Gradually, these things are taking hold. Water ingress is increasing and bits of it are quite literally falling off. Repairing the roofs is a major logistical undertaking. There's a huge amount of scaffolding that has to be put up in order to erect a gantry of sufficient strength to move the tiles. This whole procedure is quite noisy and we're limited to the noisy works when the houses are not sitting. Each of these, as you can see, is very large. It's 750 square, about 15 millimetres thick. Each one weighs 75 kilos, has to be gently lowered to the ground to be basically sandblasted, assessed for condition, and at that point we find out just what needs to be done to them. Some tiles cannot be rescued and we simply have to recast them. And the technology of casting a cast iron slab that thin is quite complex. This is the result of phase one where it's been completely refurbished and it looks absolutely fantastic, exactly as it should be and probably even better than it did in the beginning. We've also managed to rationalise the fire escapes across the roof and the access to it. After all this work, we think it will last well in excess of 100 years. We're now about to start phase two of the cast iron roof works which will go on for several years yet, we think another eight or ten years. Cloister Court, hidden in the centre of the building, is one of London's lost sites and one of the few surviving parts of the old palace, originating from the 14th century. A lot of work needs to be done here. This particular roof is a replacement, is a post-Second World War replacement, there was severe war damage to this and it's a concrete slab with mastic asphalt on top of that and concrete tiles on top of that. And this has turned out to be practically impossible to maintain. There are plants growing out of the mastic asphalt and this brings a leak of course. The water runs underneath the concrete, underneath the asphalt and drops in in all sorts of places and you can't actually trace where it's coming from. What ideally needs to happen is that this concrete slab is removed and we reinstate the original double pitched slate roof in the middle with wide gutters at the side and that would enable us to ensure that it remains waterproof and to maintain it properly. There are a number of towers gracing the silhouette of the Palace of Westminster many of which are made of cast iron and this is Jay Tower and you can see where we've had to put in temporary bracing on the pinnacles on the corner which have suffered from rust-jacking and were actually about to fall off. Each of these pinnacles weighs probably in excess of 75 kilos and would cause a great deal of damage if it were to fall off. Rainwater runs along guttering into hoppers and through downpipes. Most of this cast iron system is from when the Palace was built. Some of the piping disappears into stonework to ensure the integrity of the architecture but over the years it's rusted and sprung hundreds of leaks causing a multitude of problems to nearby windows and interior stonework. Temporary repairs are being carried out to the guttering and downpipes but because of the decay and rust the only real solution is to replace them. This is underway but much of it is hard to access meaning the rate of repair and replacement is very slow. However limited this approach must continue until a longer term plan for the Palace's restoration and renewal is agreed. To find out more please watch the other videos in this series.


Hello! My name is Akihiro Takagi and I'm from Japan. The course I took from TAFO was the online 120-hour course with tutor support and video. So thanks to that course, I learned a new, better way in teaching, like creating my lesson plans, activities that I could use to teach my students, and other methods that I could employ in terms of educating my students. So there were a lot of things that I had to learn, especially when it comes to keeping the interests of my students and how I could introduce a lesson. So thank you again for coming to the TAFO.


So, now next we will move to the long run equilibrium and how the short run is different from long run because long run is the situation where all the inputs are variable and the output can be increased by changing all the inputs, there is no fixed cost in the long run. So, in the long run the perfect competitive firm only on the normal profit there is no case of loss, there is no case of super narrow profit, all the firms they are normal profit in case of a perfect competitive firm. This is due to unrestricted entry into and exit of firms from the industry in the long run. So, if you remember one of the characteristic what we discuss in the case of characteristic of perfect competitive economy is the free entry and free exit and this is the main source of this is the main point that why the perfect competitive firm just unlike the normal profit. Two extreme possibilities generally it may happens, we can discuss two extreme possibility and then from there we can lead to the fact that why the firm only they on the normal profit in the case of the long run. So, one firms earning super normal profit and second firms incur losses in the short run. In the first case the firm is earning super normal profit in the long run taking this as a situation let us see how generally the firms end in a situation where they just get the normal profit. Assuming that if some of the firm they are just earning the super normal profit in the short run. Now, what is the what will the outcome or what will be the consequence? Normal profit some of the existing firms they are making profit in the super normal profit in the market there is free entry so that will that will be the incentive for the few more firms to go and operate in the market because it is profitable market and some of few of the firms they are getting profit over here. New firms enter into the market there is no restriction on entry. Supply increases because they also go and produce the same product because this is the market where the uniform product or the identical product gets produced. With the entry of new firm supply is of the market increases where assuming there is no change in the demand because when the firms get profit that may not profitable for the buyers. So, if buyers if it is not profitable maybe they are not demanding more in the market. Existing firm on super normal profit which attracts the new firms to enter into the market new firm enter into the market no change in the demand supply increases this lower the market prices because supply is more and demand is less. The process of adjustment continue till the time price equal to the long run average cost that is average revenue is equal to average cost which is again equal to the marginal revenue and marginal cost. So, in this case it is the case of the normal profit where average revenue is equal to the average cost. So, the entry of new firm will continue to come till the time at least all the firms they are not getting the normal profit in the market. So, if you look at the super normal profit of the existing firm are squeezed until all the firms in the industry earn the normal profit. Then we will take the second situation where some of the firm or maybe existing firm some of the existing firms they are getting or they are incurring loss. Now, what would be the outcome since this is long run and they are already incurring loss from the short run onwards. This would force few of the producer or few of the sellers to leave the industry in the long run because they are not they may not able to sustain loss for the long period of time. Their exit from the industry cause a reduction in the supply of the product and as a result equilibrium price in the industry increases. So, now there is a decrease in the supply demand remain constant the there is a increase in the equilibrium price of the industry. The process of adjustment again continue to the point where the marginal firm no longer earn losses or we can say till the time price line is tangent to the average cost. So, the processor adjustment continued to the point where the managerial firm where the marginal firm no longer earn losses and till the price the till the time till the price line tangent to the average cost. And if the price line is tangent to the average cost that is how we get the normal profit. Equilibrium occurs at a point where price is tangent to the long run average cost and all the firms make normal profit in the long run. So, equilibrium occurs at a point where price is tangent to the long run average cost curve and all the firm they just earn the normal profit. So, whether you take the case of super normal profit whether you take the case of the super normal loss this is not going to continue in the long run at least in the perfect competitive market structure which has a significant future as free entry and free exit. And because of that at the end of the day if you will find all perfectly competitive firm they are just getting the normal profit even if they are getting a super normal profit or the incurring loss generally that in a in a time period generally they again come back to a situation where all the firm they are just getting the normal profit. So, the condition from the profit maximizing behavior of the firm from the long run immerse from here that is P is equal to marginal cost is equal to marginal revenue which is equal to the long run average cost curve. So, we will just see the graphical representation that how graphically we can reach to a long run equilibrium. This is P which is also equal to average revenue and marginal revenue here we take the quantity where we take the average revenue marginal revenue and price and this is the long run average cost curve this is the short run average cost curve this is the short run marginal cost curve and this is the equilibrium point and this is the equilibrium level of output. So, what is the profit maximizing condition in case of long run that is long run average cost curve is equal to the short run average cost curve equal to the short run marginal cost curve equal to the marginal marginal revenue and equal to the average revenue. So, the equality of long run average cost curve short run average cost curve short run marginal cost curve marginal revenue and average revenue that leads to the long run equilibrium long run profit maximization. Then we will see the supply curve in case of the long run market supply and long run individual firm supply in case of three different type of industry that is constant cost industry increasing cost industry and decreasing cost industry. So, if you remember the in case of short run the market supply is horizontal summation of the individual firm supply curve and how we get the individual firm supply curve individual firm supply curve is that segment of the marginal cost curve which lies above the average variable cost, but that is that cannot be done in case of the long run because in the long run at least we are not checking the short run condition it is actually exit from the market. So, in the long run we will see that whenever there is a changes in the price whenever there is a changes in the factor of production it is not only due to change in the price also due to the change in the factor of production the increase or decrease in the prices of the factor that also lead to the change in the supply. So, that will analyze through the three different industry that is constant cost industry, increasing cost industry and decreasing cost industry. To start with we will first analyze the constant cost industry. Constant cost industry is an industry in which cost of production remain constant as output in the industry expand means the scale of output is increasing at the constant cost of production there is no increased cost of production. Now, we know that whenever there is a super normal profit new firms enter into the market what will happen to the supply of the product as new firms enter into the industry. Obviously, supply will increase because new firm they have entered into the industry what happens to the price of the product price is decreases because given the demand then supply is more and demand is constant and supply is increased. So, now supply is more than demand and that leads to decrease in the price. So, price goes back to where it was before the demand change, but there is no more output being produced by more firm. So, if so the price goes back where it was before the demand changes, but there is no more output is being produced by more firm because they know that if they are increasing the supply that leads to decrease in the market price and it is no more profitable for the existing firm at least. Note that if price did not drop enough there would be still the positive economic profit and firm would continue to enter the industry. So, if price is not decreasing significantly still there will be some amount of the economic profit and which will again act as an incentive for the firm to enter into the industry. The firm should continue to enter in the industry supply would keep increasing and the price should drop some more because since there is a new firm still entering still supply will increase and price will again decrease more. The second one is if the price drop too much it would not cover cost per unit there would be losses. So, at least they are not getting only the super normal profit also they are not getting the normal profit rather they are incurring loss. Some would leave the industry supply would fall and the price would come back just covering the cost of just price would come back of just covering cost per unit. So, either if it is just dropping a bit again new firm will continue to come because still there is some amount of profit if it is drops too much the existing firm the incur loss and when they are not covering up their cost per unit they prefer to exit the market which will reduce the supply and the price would come back of just covering the cost for unit. So, what has happened as a result of increase in the demand in the constant cost industry? We now have the same price we had before but we now have more output because you have more firms in the industry. So, in a constant cost industry firm will produce as much or agility as the economic demands at a price which is just enough to cover the cost per unit. They will not produce more than that because it is a constant cost industry firm will produce only whatever is the requirement on the basis of the demand at a price which is just enough to cover the cost per unit. It means the long run supply curve in a constant cost industry is horizontal because price is fixed and the supply they increase on the basis of the demand whenever there is a increase in the demand they just cover up that at the typical price. Now, we will see what is the how is the graphical representation of the long run supply curve in case of constant cost industry. So, this is our demand curve this is the demand curve this is S 1 this is S 0. So, this is T 0 this is S 0. So, this is our P 0 and at the same price will continue to supply more. So, that is why this is our long run supply curve and this is the price that is P 1 this is one equilibrium point this is another equilibrium point. So, the long run supply curve is constant because they are not producing more they are just increasing the supply just on the basis of the demand that is comes from the consumer. So, this is the long run supply curve in case of constant cost industry which is just a straight line and it is parallel to the x axis. Then, we will take this case in case of the increasing cost industry and decreasing cost industry. Now, what is the increasing cost industry? Increasing cost industry is when they increase the scale of output the cost of production also increases. So, in case of in case of increasing cost industry factor prices rise as the new firms enter into the market and existing firm expand the capacity because new firms enter into the market they require input they require factors and also the existing firm they enter they expand their capacity they also need the factor and as well since the demand is increasing the factor price also increasing given the supply at that same level. So, if the inputs are specialized factor prices are likely to rise when the increase in the industry wide demand for inputs to products increases. So, demand remain if you look at if demand is the new firms enter into the market existing firm expand the expand the production capacity that leads to increase in the industry wide demand for inputs and if the inputs are specialized again the factor prices are likely to increase. The rise in the factor cost or the increase in the factor cost would force the cost for each firm in the industry and increase the price at which firms earn the zero profit. So, when there is a increase in the factor cost that also lead to increase in the cost of the each firm because now they are spending more on the incurring the incurring the expansion of the factors and the inputs and increase the price because if input cost is more obviously, the market price has to be more because that is if the price is not covering the input cost the the firm will prefer to leave the market if they are not getting the profit. Since it is a long run at least they should get the normal profit. So, increase in the factor price would force the cost of the firms to increasing and also the increase in the price because at least they feel that the unit cost should at least earn which the firms earn zero profit. Therefore, in case of increasing cost industry the long run supply curve is upward sloping because increase in the new firms entered into the market existing firm expand the size. Demand for input increases and sometimes there is also demand for specialized input that leads to increase in the cost of production for the firms that leads to increase in the market price and that is the reason in case of in case of increasing cost industry we get a upward sloping supply curve and that will check graphically that how we get a upward sloping curve in case of increasing cost industry. So, this is increasing cost industry we are finding out the long run supply curve. So, we have d 0 we have d 1 then we have s 0 and then we have s 1. So, this is e 0 this is e 1 and corresponding to this we have p 0 we have p 1 and if you join this 2 point e 0 to e 1 we get a long run supply curve. So, it is upward sloping sloping in case of increasing cost industry and why it is upward sloping because the factor price increases which leads to the increase in the increase in the cost of production for the firm and also which leads to the increase in the market price and that force the in fact the firms to charge a higher price because they have to at least cover up the unit cost what they are incurring to produce the product. Now, we will check the decreasing cost industry. So, in case of decreasing cost industry if input price declines when the industry output expand individual firms marginal cost curve shift down and the long run supply curve is downward sloping. So, since in case of decreasing cost industry when the scale of operation increases it increases with a decreasing cost of production. So, that has to given a reason that if because of the decrease in the input price. So, if input price declines when the industry output expands individual firms marginal cost curve shift down because the per unit cost decreases and the long run supply curve is downward sloping. So, it is a case of decreasing cost industry where the scale of operation increases cost of production decreases because of less input price which leads to decrease in the marginal cost marginal cost shift downs and that lead to decrease in the long run supply curve in case of a perfectly competitive market structure typically in case of decreasing cost industry. So, input price may decline to the zero profit condition when output increases and when new entrants make it more cost effective for other firms to provide services to all firms in the market. So, input price may decline to the zero profit condition when output increases and when new entrants make it more cost effective for the other firms services for the all firms in the market. So, we will see the graphical representation of the decreasing cost industry. So, this is a long run supply in case of decreasing cost industry D0 then we have D1 S0 we have S1. So, we have E0 we have E1. So, this is the first equilibrium this is the second equilibrium and if you do this then this is our long run supply curve because this is a decreasing cost industry expansion is at a decreasing cost per unit and that is the reason we get a downward sloping long run supply curve in case of the decreasing cost industry. So, in case of constant cost industry the long run supply curve is a straight line horizontal in case of increasing cost industry the long run supply curve is upward sloping because the cost of production increases when the scale of operations expand or when new firms enter into the market and in case of a decreasing cost industry the long run supply curve is downward sloping because the cost of production decreases when the firm or maybe the scale of operation increases at a decreasing cost per unit of production. Then we will see that what is the effect of tax or how the buyers and sellers they borne the tax imposition of the tax of the borne the burden of the tax in case of a perfect competitive market structure. So, we will talk about typically three type of tax one imposition of a lump sum tax second imposition of a profit tax and finally, the imposition of a specific sales tax. So, if you look at the lump sum tax it is the effect of lump sum tax is like a effect of the fixed cost because it is on it is the effect is on the fixed cost and if you look at the in the short run if there is a change in the fixed cost it is not going to change the it is not going to change the equilibrium position because till the time it is not affecting the marginal cost it is not going to change the equilibrium position and in case of similarly in case of profit tax again it is a the effect is like a fixed cost, but in the long run the possibility is that that supply will shift, but in case of specific sale tax the imposition of tax is dealt through the elasticity of supply and that talks about that how much is the sensitivity of the supplier with respect to change in the price. So, we will start our start our explanation for the imposition of the tax from the lump sum tax and lump sum tax is like it is one time lump sum. So, it is the effect is like a fixed cost at least in the short run there is no effect, but when it comes to long run maybe there is some effect because there may be decrease in the output. So, this is the average revenue that is marginal revenue here we get the short run total cost curve and this is the average fixed cost then there is a increase in the average fixed cost after the imposition of the tax that is why this is average fixed cost change in that average fixed cost and with the change in the average fixed cost the short run average cost curve is increasing that is SOTC 1 and marginal cost generally intersect the average variable cost and average cost at its minimum. So, if you look at in case of lump sum tax only there is a increase in the fixed cost and that shift the average total cost curve there are there is a change in the average total cost curve otherwise there is no much effect at least in the short run, but in the long run at least to the sum level of output it is going to influence, but if you look at if it is short run someone is just running the normal profit then in the long run he has to incur loss because of the lump sum tax, but in the short run if someone is getting super normal profit at least after imposition of tax he will get only the normal profit or there is some reduction in the amount of profit, but at least he is not incurring loss. So, in this situation at least they are getting affected through the lump sum tax because they are moving from one possibility to another possibility that is either from super normal profit to normal profit or from normal profit to loss then will take the effect of the profit tax. So, profit tax is also somehow in the same category that this is the effect of like change in the fixed cost, but sometimes due to this the supply changes at least in the long run and it has it leads to increase in the price. So, this is the demand curve, this is the supply curve, this is the equilibrium quantity, this is the equilibrium price. So, at least in the short run it is not much of change, but when it takes to the long run it is generally shift the supply to the up and that leads to increase in the price and decrease in the quantity demanded. So, the effect of the profit tax if you will see if it is much felt in the long run rather than the short run because short run it has nothing more to do or the effect is not much, but in case of a long run that leads to decrease in the supply because there is imposition of profit tax that leads to decrease in that leads to increase in the supply which leads to increase in the price and decrease in the quantity demanded. And what is the specific effect of on firm because of this profit tax again the same explanation if there are running super normal profit in the short run at least it is not much because they will just there will be some reduction in the profit, but if they are just getting the normal profit the possibility that they may land into incurring loss at least in the long run with the imposition of the profit tax. Now, we will analyze the case of specific sales tax and this effect of the specific sale tax is more on what is the elasticity of supply if the elasticity of supply is more generally the firms pay less for the tax and if it is less than the firm has to pay more for the tax. So, it is all about the elasticity of supply curve that decides that what is the effect of specific sales tax on buyers and what is the effect of specific sales tax on the seller. So, if you will take different scenario and we will see how the imposition of specific sale tax affecting the buyers and seller. So, if you take a regular demand curve and the supply curve then this is the demand curve this is the supply curve and when there is a imposition of tax that is shown through the change in the supply. So, in this case this is the tax and this is the change in the price after imposition of tax. So, if you look at here the entire tax amount is not passed to the consumer entire tax amount is not passed to the consumer in the form of increase in the price still this much amount is paid by the seller. So, if you look at here the imposition of the specific sale tax is equally on both the side buyers and seller if it is a case of the regular demand and supply curve. Now, suppose we will take another example where the supply curve is elastic than the previous case and here if you look at this is the amount of the tax and this is the change in the price. So, in this case if you make it a comparison between the first case and the second case if the supply since the supply curve is more elastic the major part of the burden of the tax is passed to the consumer in the form of increase in the price. But in case of the first case if you look at equally both the seller and buyer they were paying the tax amount, but here the supply curve is elastic. So, there is some leverage in the seller side to pass the burden of tax to the consumer in term of increase in the price and that is why here it is more as compared to this because the change in the price is more in case of the second case and by through change in the price generally the tax is passed to the consumer or may be majority portion of the tax is passed to the consumer. Then we will take a case where the supply curve is perfectly elastic and this is the demand curve here we can take the may be demand and supply and here the price. So, in this case if you look at this is the tax amount and the entire tax is passed to the consumer in the form of increase in the price because here the supply curve is perfectly elastic any small change in the price will lead to greater change in the supply and that is the reason if you look at the entire supply entire tax burden is passed to the consumer. So, more elastic is the market supply higher is the proportion of specific tax that can be passed to the consumer. So, more elastic is the supply higher the burden to the consumer. So, in case of lump sum tax and fixed tax in case of lump sum tax and profit tax the effect is like a fixed cost of production and if you look at it is not getting much of effect in case of short term, but in case of long run the possibility is that they may incur loss if they are just getting the normal profit. And in case of specific sales tax it is always the elasticity of supply that decides that how what is the effect of this imposition of tax on the sellers. If supply is more elastic burden is less if supply is less elastic the burden is more. We will look at some of this efficiency criterion and perfectly competitive market. So, if you remember in the initial class we talked about the allocative efficiency and productive efficiency. So, we will check in the first case what is the resource allocative efficiency in case of a perfectly competitive market. Any firm they produces they produce at the marginal revenue which is equal to the marginal cost and since marginal revenue is equal to P for competitive firm then P is also equal to marginal cost. Now, what is the meaning? Meaning here is the marginal benefit that is through demand and marginal cost that is supplier using the society resources. So, society marginal value of resources is equal to the opportunity cost of using resources and that is how we use the allocative efficiency or that is how the allocative efficiency gets satisfied in case of a perfectly competitive market. And when you again explain this through the consumer surplus and producer surplus if you look at the graph over here the consumer surplus is if you remember the at least the definition the consumer surplus is one where any price above the market price if the consumer is ready to pay more and if they are paying less generally they get some amount of the consumer surplus. So, consumer surplus area in specific graph if you look at ABPP is the consumer surplus area because that is the above the market price and supplier surplus is that is CBPE. So, that is again C P and B and competitive equilibrium maximizes the market surplus. Now, the question is what about Q 1 what is the what about the level of output. So, the second case is productive efficiency here firms produces at the minimum of average total cost in the long run and a firm economizing on resource use and if not competing firm would undercut its price and capture the extra profit. So, since the economizing on the resource use that is again satisfies the productive efficiency. Then we will see what is the application of perfect competitive market in the real world and we will take the typical example of stock market as I said the stock market share market somehow share at least some of the feature of the perfect competitive market. So, if you are taking the example of stock market whether this is a perfect competitive market in the real world let us analyze what are the similarity and what are the dissimilarity. The price of stock usually determined by the market forces of demand and supply of stock which goes with the perfect competitive market structure. Individual buyers and sellers have very little impact on prices as they are the price taker again the same situation what we generally face in case of a perfect competitive market structure. Perfect mobility of resources and here also the resources are mobile as stock is bought and sold frequently and information about the price and quantity are readily available. So, there is full information and perfect information to all the people those who are in the stock market buyers and seller. So, price decided by the market demand and market supply first feature individual buyer seller has less impact second feature perfect mobility of the resources third feature and full information about the product price fourth feature all these four features get matched or it comes from the characteristic of a perfect competitive market structure. Now, we need to see that whether there is imperfection, but before that we will see that whether like in before couple of minutes we are talking about the efficiency of the or whether the productive efficiency and allocative efficiency get satisfied in the perfect competitive market structure or not. So, to take that it is a Q and similarly say same thing happens in case of a stock market that fund flows into the stock and the resources flow into the huge and in which the rate of return. So, stock price provide a signal for the efficient allocation of investment in the economy. So, till the time all these features are matching with the perfect competitive market structure, but still there are some imperfection and that is why we cannot say that there in a rigid form there are the perfect competitive market structure, but somehow there is a close resemblance of this type of market structure with the perfect competitive market structure. Now, what are the what is the imperfection over here imperfection occurs here also those stock market is very close to perfect competition. For example, sale of huge amount of stock by a large corporation will affect the price of stock which goes against the characteristic of perfect competitive market structure that one seller or one buyer cannot influence the price of the product. So, to summarize we can say that perfect competitive market stock market closely come to the perfect competitive market, but still it is there are some imperfection occurs. So, in the next class again we will take one more example like whether credit card industry comes in the category of perfect competitive market structure or not and then we will start our discussion on the monopoly. So, to summarize whatever we discussed today is we talked about the market supply in the short run which is the segment of mc which lies above the average variable cost. We talk about the long run equilibrium we discussed about the long run supply curve in case of increasing cost industry, constant cost industry, decreasing cost industry and we talked about the imposition of tax and we talked about the allocative efficiency and productive efficiency whether that is getting satisfied in case of a perfect competitive market structure or not. So, we will carry forward our discussion of perfect competitive market structure application to real world and monopoly in the next session.


Welcome back. Here is another sentence that I'm going to analyse for you, applying the principles of the comprehensive grammar of the English language, thus another example of a traditional syntactic analysis. In this video, I will analyse the sentence the boss thoroughly questioned the senior accountant about last month's losses. And as usual, I will first of all analyse the word classes, so I will perform a categorical analysis. Then we will look at the phrasal constituents, a constituent analysis if you wish. We will look at the clauses that are part of this sentence and will finally define the sentence type. So let us assign the word classes first. The sentence contains a number of nouns, boss, month, losses. And note that we analyse senior accountant not as two separate nouns, but as a compound noun with accountant as its head. The nouns are preceded by determiners. We have two occurrences of the determiner, the, and in last months, last is a numeral preceding month. So another type of determiner. Note that last month's itself functions as a determiner to losses. We'll come back to this. Our sentence has one verb, questioned, and it contains the adverb thoroughly and a preposition about. Let us now group these simple categories into constituents and let us perform a phrasal analysis. Note that I already marked the lexical or open class categories in special colours. They can all be heads of particular phrases. The nouns, boss, senior accountant and month are the heads of noun phrases where last month in the genitive form is a pre-modifier to the head losses. Thus it is nested within the higher MP where losses is the head. The whole noun phrase last month's losses itself is the post-modifier of the preposition about and is thus a prepositional phrase. Next, thoroughly, is the head of a simple adverb phrase which is neither pre nor post-modified. And last but not least, we have a verb phrase with questioned as the head, the adverb phrase as the pre-modifier and a noun phrase and a prepositional phrase as post-modifiers. So much for the phrasal analysis. Let's now look at the clausal structure which is really simple here. As far as the clausal analysis is concerned, we only have one clause namely the entire sentence which is identical with the clause. So here is the result. A simple declarative sentence with several nested phrasal categories. That's it. Well, and if you want to download the board content that I've just developed, create your free VLC account unless you already have one. Log in to the VLC and visit the e-lecture library where you have access to all videos and their board content in a freely accessible PDF format. Thank you very much and see you again.


How's it going everyone? Caleb here with Leighton Sports Cards. Next time we've got 2021 NT football. This year is going to be break number 119 random division style on the four box full case breaks. The results are right there one more time and they are also linked in your chat. Let's see what we can find. Good luck here. Let's do it. There they are, the beautiful blue NT box. That's the lock guys. First one up. Okay and always thank you very much for joining. I do greatly appreciate it guys. Let's get this going. AFC East to get going on the Josh Allen, number 20 of 20. Might start there. AFC East. AFC South, Jonathan Taylor to 99. AFC South. Oh man, good thing Sam is not here right now. He likes screaming and yelling. NFL Gear Quad Materials, Ray Lewis, Ed Reid and Juan Bolin and Jamal Lewis to 99. AFC North. Sam would be losing his mind guys. Very cool. I think he has the one of one of that card. I think so. That is number nine of 25 here, Ricky Williams. AFC East on the patch. Jalen Erd's patch, six of 25.  NFC East back over to the AFC North this time with HMR Chase patch, seven of 10. Awesome. Oh man, he would have been going nuts on this box. Absolutely nuts. Duane Eskridge now, 19 of 99. Horizontal patch autograph. NFC West. He would have been losing his mind. It's going to be AFC East on the horizontal patch autograph to 99. Elijah Moore. AFC East. There you go. NFC West here, 84 of 99. Curt Warner. Patch autograph. Big card to close out. AFC South. Davis Mills. 10 of 99. Rookie Jumbo. Prime signatures. Boom. Jersey number patch autograph. 10 of 99. There you go. That is the Jersey number. Sick one there. AFC South. There you go. Awesome Mills. Congrats. Congrats. Very nice. Next one up guys. Good start here to see what the next box has to offer. Guys, remember the last time we checked it was that two to go on the five box Chrome F1 Sapphire break. It is now sold out. Thank you so much guys. All sold out on the group breaks. That's empty. That is empty. Okay, here we go. To 49 miles Gaskin at AFC East and NFC North to 99. Randy Morris. It's going to be Century Materials. Jim Kelly to 99. The Century Materials. Jim Kelly. AFC East. Another one for the AFC East. Century Materials. Damian Harris to 25. There you go. AFC East again. Hatch this time going over to Denver. AFC West Chavante Williams. Nice. I think I know who that is. Oh wow. Not who I thought it was. Tray Lance one of one. Boom. Printing plate dual patch for the NFC West. Wow. Okay. I literally thought it was Josh Palmer because he's also number five in. He has a pose where he like runs like that with the ball. Wow. Here you go. NFC West. Nice one of one. Beautiful there. That's nice. True. RPA to 99. Amir Smith Marsez. That's true there. NFC North. You can all mag up to true. Sean Alexander, 36 of 49. NFC West auto. Holy cow with a box. Hatch autograph to 25. Second year, 16 of 25. Justin Herbert. Congrats there. AFC West now. This is getting kind of nuts here in this box. There you go. There you go. Very nice sit there. Beautiful Herbie auto. And closing it out here. Horizontal patch auto to five. Cadarius Tony. NFC East. Mag both of those last two. Very nice sits. On the Tony and the Herbie. Mag City right now. That was a kind of a ridiculous box there. A lot of nice cards. Next one up. This is still a battle here between the AL and ML and we were getting down to it ninth inning. About to start up. Good luck everyone. See what else we got. Bo Jackson to 49. AFC West. Zach Wilson this time to 99. Treasured moments. AFC East. Jumbo patch of Tyler Boyd for the AFC North to 99. Jumbo patch there. Tyler Boyd. NFC East. It's going to be a CD land patch. NFC East to 49. Century materials. There you go. Next up here. Seahawks to 99. Russell Wilson. There he is. NFC West. Cadarius Tony. Jumbo patch to 99. NFC East again. Autograph Levi and Woosarrique for the NFC North numbered to 75. NFC North. Levi and Woosarrique. You're funny Sean. I hear you Hunter. I hear you. We have a Michael Carter. Field pass. Golden Godograph to 99. AFC East. Solid. Go to 99. Dual autograph. Dual bills. Rookies. Greg Russo and Carlos Boogie Basham. Yes. I know what you're talking about Sean. Yes. Nice one there. AFC East. 4 of 25. And how about Zach Wilson. 66 of 99. Boom. Beautiful. Patch autograph. First or excuse me rookie first edition signatures book. AFC East. Congrats there. Four color. Or I guess three color. Or three color. Beautiful one there. Congrats on that AFC East. There you go. There you go. We got one box to go. Here we go. Here we go. Let's do it. And it is almost college football time. It's getting a little bit closer. That would be the squad I support. Empty. What about you? Of course they make sense. That would make sense. AFC North to 49. Jarvis Landry. And a Frank Gifford to 99 there. NFC East. Tremendous treasures to 99. Tyree Kilpatch. It's going to be a chief's Tyree Kilp. So that'll be going to the AFC West. Tony Pollard this time. Framed fabric. Tony Pollard to 25 Cowboys. You go NFC East. They're hitting pretty well. Triple Chargers. NFL gear materials. Justin Herbert. Austin Eckler. Mike Williams. AFC West. How have we gone a whole case of NT without a random? Yeah. What's going on? Isn't that wild? There's always like three. It's like two or three usually. Yeah, probably. NFL gear. Cabo materials. Giovante Williams. Melvin Gordon. You go AFC West. It's usually give or take two or three. Oh, I mean, the joke is funny, Sean. I do agree with that. I'm not disagreeing anyway. Okay. Osa Odeziwa. It's going to be numbered to 99. They're bills. Excuse me, Cowboys. Cowboys, excuse me. You go that's NFC East. Osa. Say the joke. Say it. Look what you've done. Horizontal patch autograph to 99. Dwayne Eskridge. NFC West. Patch autograph to 99. Terry McLaurin. There you go. To 99. NFC East. And a redemption to close. You know. Rookie Glove signatures purple of Kyle Pitts. There you go. Nice ending there. NFC South. Awesome way to close. That'll be really nice. Purple is low numbered. There you go. There you go. Atlanta on the close. NFC South on Atlanta. Sorry, I said Atlanta a couple of times. Through you off to myself off through a saw off. Let's do a quick recap every one. Thank you. Thank you. All right. We've got patch autographs and autographs. Terry McLaurin, Dwayne Eskridge, Osa, Carlos Boogie-Basham and Greg Russo, Michael Carter, Levi and Uzurike. We got Sean Alexander, Kurt Warner, Elijah Moore and Dwayne Eskridge. Magged cards. Kyle Pitts on that Rookie Glove signatures purple. Cadarius Tony to five and Justin Herbert to 25. The one of one Shrey Lance and the Amir Smith Marseille to 99. RPA. Rookie first edition signatures 66 to 99. Zach Wilson. Great booklet there. And 10 of 99 on the Rookie Jumbo Prime Sigs. Davis Mills, Jersey number. Very nice. Thanks again everyone. I hope you did enjoy the break. We'll have them all well protected up and right out to you.


mirrors from 2008. I highly recommend you check it out. Hey, what's up guys? It's Josh here. So I want to do a little movie review on a movie called mirrors from 2008. Now I had never heard about this movie ever. I was kind of going back through some old lists trying to uncover kind of like a hidden gym or a movie that I wanted to see that nobody else had seen and I came across this one. Now it starts key for Sutherland who is kind of most famous for being in 24. I did like 24. It was a pretty good show. I didn't watch all of it, but I did appreciate it. I'm apparently key for Sutherland also did something called the Lost Boys in the 80s, which is supposed to be like a pretty good vampire flick. So apparently he has been in the horror genre a little bit before, but I kind of knew him a little bit from the 24 era. Also, there's not really too many big reviewers who have reviewed these movies like Jeremy Johns or any of these like top famous people. I jumped into this one without watching a trailer without reading anything about it. And basically this movie is kind of like just a horror movie centered around mirrors. They're almost trying to get you to be afraid of looking in the mirror. And to be honest, I'm a little bit older. So I don't really get afraid of these kinds of things, but they actually have a pretty good amount of tricks that they do with the mirror. They do kind of create a whole their own little world here that I really appreciate. It seems like they really flushed out a lot of the ideas and a lot of the things that you could do creating another world through mirrors. I could see myself definitely if I was like maybe 10, 11, 12, seeing this movie, you know, actually being really afraid at looking in the mirror. And it kind of opens your eyes to how often you look in the mirror. And if there was an evil that could see you through the mirror, how hard it would be to get away from that because mirrors are everywhere. Like there's TVs, a mirror. If you get water on the floor, it's a mirror. If you're in your car, there's mirrors everywhere. So it's a whole unique concept. I've never heard of this like evil mirror thing. Apparently it was a copy of an older movie that involved like evil mirrors. But personally, I had never seen anything like it. And to me, it felt like a very, very unique idea. This movie has a decent amount of twists, but I think I can describe most most everything that I want to without giving me any spoilers. So this is going to be a spoiler free review 100%. I really appreciated the world that they created through these mirrors. It starts off with Keeper Sutherland. And there's these evil mirrors where he works as a security guard at night. He slowly starts seeing more things and some weird things start happening. And then people start being able to get him through mirrors once he leaves his work. So like him and his family or anybody that he loves could be susceptible to an evil person in a mirror later on. I thought Keeper Sutherland was a really, really good actor here. I think he definitely helped this story out quite a bit. I did really like the relationship between him and Paula Patton because it's this very troubled relationship. And I like that they dance between, you know, this couple is going to work out like they're meant to be. And then all of a sudden keeper Sutherland just goes off the deep end and gets really angry.  He's just he deserves to not have his family. But they kind of have this, this fine line of like, oh, he's a good guy. He deserves it. And oh, he's just messing up and throwing it away. I liked how they just rode the fine line between liking him and disliking him. For a long time in this movie, Keeper Sutherland is seeing these things in the mirror. And obviously people aren't just going to believe him that he will be saying these evil things in a mirror. So I found that the balance of Keeper Sutherland seeing the evil stuff and the people coming around to believing him was a good, it was a good pace, you know, it's just the right amount of time of people not believing him. And then people kind of come along near the end. For me, I hate movies when the one character sees all the evil and then nobody believes them all the way to the end. There's no, whatever they say, nobody believes them. Nobody even gives them a chance that they could, what they could be saying is real. I like when they like, you can slowly get people on board with what the character is seeing and they do that really, really well here. Some of the downsides to this movie, there's really not that many. I do think that it was a little bit over graphic. I mean, the opening scene is just really, really, really nasty and graphic. It involves like a throat slit and it's very, very, very slow, very graphic kind of nasty. This was, I guess, right around when Saw came out. So the horror movies around this time were very, very graphic. I don't know if they were trying to keep up with that. But really guys, there's only a couple really gross, you know, aggressive scenes and they're mainly in the beginning. And this movie could have almost been PG-13 had it not been for a couple of these scenes. Now there is a scene with Amy Smart, which that scene was super, super, super intense. I'm not going to reveal any spoilers, but I actually thought that was probably the most intense scene in the movie. And I do think the Amy Smart scene earned the R rating. Like at that point, I was like, okay, I would like this scene left alone and to leave it alone, it needs to be R rated. So I see that there. And without giving any spoilers away, there's kind of like a main central monster. It kind of feels kind of like a paranormal movie in the beginning. And I guess technically it is, but it almost turns into a little bit of a monster movie at the end. And I kind of liked that that it kind of, it was not just the typical paranormal movie where it does the same kind of things to me. It almost has a central theme, a central monster that they're trying to go towards. And I did appreciate that. Another problem they had with this movie, and it's hard for me to describe, but there's not enough like branding in it. Now the ideas are really unique. All the stuff with the mirrors, I really appreciate it. And for that should be enough, but there's just something about it to where it's, it's really good, but it's just forgettable. It doesn't have this Michael or this Jason or this Annabelle or this, you know, Jason hockey mask or this, this kind of vibe to the movie. It's just like besides the mirrors and all the great tricks with that, there's just not like a central villain.  It just is unfortunately a slight bit forgettable. And I really don't know why I try to put my finger on like, Oh, you know, how could they have branded this a little better? And I really don't know how to be honest. Also, the ending was a little bit interesting to me. It kind of, it's kind of a little bit resolved, kind of a little bit unresolved. I just really, I thought that it was a good place to end this movie. A lot of times with horrors, they leave it on a cliffhanger. And I felt like it just got left on the right kind of cliffhanger for me. I did appreciate the ending here. If I were to say buy, try or pass this one, I would say this is a solid try. It's almost want to say buy, but there's something that's holding me back from saying it. I do think this is a solid try. Just know that there is a couple really, really excessively gory scenes in the beginning that aren't for every single person. But if you can get past those, this is actually a really, really good movie. And I really, really liked it. Again, I'm kind of on the fence between wanting to own this and wanting to just rent this as a suggestion. I would slightly go with rent. And to me, as far as the rating, I was kind of on the fence between a 7.5 to an 8th. And it's kind of weird. I was on a 7.5. I liked the ending and I wanted to put it as an 8th. But then I was thinking like, ah, they don't really have all the branding that I want. I don't know how to describe it, but there's something aspect to it that isn't as memorable as it could be. So I'm going to put it back down to a 7.5. But to be honest, guys, if you can appreciate aggressive movie, you can appreciate, you know, kind of like a mind bending type movie. Totally check this one out. I was really on board with it. I was surprised it was so good. And if it tuned up a couple things, this movie could have been great. Another little thing that I noticed, especially with the excessively gory scenes, was there was just a little hint of CGI in there when you're watching it. You're like, ah, I think this is like noticeably older CGI.  I think if you tuned this one up, this movie could have been a solid 8, 8.5. Really, really good mirror tricks. I liked all the actors in here. I actually saw Paula Patton in one of the old Mission Impossible and I could not stand her in that. I like Paul Patton a lot in here. I loved her acting. I don't know if it was her. I think for Sutherland, their chemistry, it was just good. But mirrors from 2008. I highly recommend you check it out if you're into this kind of movie. Anyways, guys, we're on the road to 50,000 subscribers and I couldn't do without any of your guys' help. You guys are the best. I'm having a great day out here. Hopefully, I have a great day at home. See you all in the next video. Peace.


the motor. Wow, have we determined who wins? Okay, so you're my partners in crime.  None of you. Wow, any single women in the crowd looking for some guy with a microphone that likes to talk all the time? Just saying. All right, so let's go. Bring it.  A front light seems real. I like it. It's got a heavy scoop. Does it have a heavy hand to the hood? 340, 360, 410-1. We're away. We're away? I like it. All right, where are you from? What's your name? My name is Casey Jenkins and I'm from Akin, South Carolina.  No. Okay, gotcha. All right, so do you think you can win this thing? I'm going to. Okay, awesome. Now I talked about your car last night as this beautiful dent in the roof. How'd that get you? My dad not melt a little snowstorm in Virginia. He decided to wean on the dust. On the dust. All right, so how many of you want to see the dust to do big burnout? That better than any red, my friend. It does sound pretty good. I'm not going to lie. This dust is going to lay down some rub-ah. The conditions are perfect for big smoke. It's not windy. It's going to sit here. It's going to look great. I'm happy right now. Oh, did I mention that we're jumping the General Lee right after this? I know, right? It's going to be awesome, dude. Jamie's still in the trunk of my rental car, by the way. I'm driving. There are snacks and drinks in there.  It's fine. This takes longer when you're talking to a Mopar guy. I'm just kidding. I'm a Chevrolet guy. You know I have to poke fun every moment I can. The smoke from burning rubber kills COVID. We're killing COVID right now. You know COVID in Kentucky. Dude, I seriously prove proof. Okay. All of you people in the little grandstand in turn number three, let me hear you shout. That's you people over there. By the big ATM sign. That's turn three. By the drag strip staging lanes. Y'all don't know where you're at. Okay, never mind. That must be where the Ford people are sitting. Remember, I'm a Chevrolet guy. I would own a Mopar. But no way a Ford spark from my driveway. When Roush, literally when Roush gave me a Mustang and Saline to drive for a week, I parked it on the street in front of my house. No kidding. It's awesome. Okay, hold on. This is a, what is the name of this model truck? The Little Red Wagon was the one that only comes with the small block. This is the Warlock. That's it. So anybody know about a Warlock? Yes. Okay. So here's the deal. Warlock, green version of a Little Red Wagon. Way cooler version of a Little Red Wagon. How many people own a Little Red Wagon? Yeah, I'm sorry. That has a small block in it. It's cute. This has a 40 in it. Well, it's actually 470 cubic inches of big block Mopar. Let's hear it for the Mopar. So I'm going to assume you don't like those tires anymore. So you're going to just give them a Viking send-off. Awesome. Let her eat, big boy. Let's hear it for the Warlock. How many of you think this thing's going to beat the Duster? How many of you think the Duster's got it? Oh, you just don't know. You're indecisive. For the Warlock! Okay. This is your first time to vote. All right? Are we good? You understand what I'm asking of you? You're good? Excellent. Okay. So, I just called that poor woman honey. I'm sorry. Uh, it was a slick one. I didn't mean to. Uh, well, I mean, I didn't get any. Okay. So, there's a ratchet strap holding this car together. We're going to get to that. It's a fork.  Oh, it's got a heavy in it. No, it doesn't. Yes, it is. Okay. Just make sure. All right. So, who thinks the Duster is winning so far? Oh, wow. Who thinks the Warlock is winning so far? Who's the Duster boy? All right. So, uh, buy the swap into the crown. Because it's a Ford and it needed a better motor. Yes. Where are you from? What's your name? Manchester, Ohio. Make sure. All right, Nick. And it is a 6-speed manual car. Do you think you can beat the Warlock? I know I'm driving a Ford. All right.  They're triggered. Come on, kiddo. It's all right. You're good. All right. There's a lot of heat shooting out of that thing. But he jumps out with the fires. I also like that he gets out and does his best to lead us to McFarlane depression.  I did, I said that. Oh, my God. Now, here. Okay, hold on. Now, remember, home slice out there ran too long. So, we go by the first minute. Oh, and now he brought it up.  He's fixing to get towed away. Who thinks the Warlock is still winning? Who thinks Ding Dong out there in the Crown Vic with a Hemi and it's winning? All right, Ding Dong for the lead. All right. So, any of you remember earlier when I announced that if you won the Mullet competition and the Burnout contest, I was going to give you a $100 bonus from Holly, which I didn't ask them permission for. Luckily, nobody that won is in the Burnout contest. But you lost, but you were one of the top three finalists. So, you think you can win in the Burnout contest? Yes, I can definitely win. This is my specialty. This is your specialty. Well, you did go. Look, okay, but I love the thermonets. You just gotta love them, right? So, he went dog dishes on there because you can't just leave it down. I mean, come on, right? So, style points. We're all good. All right. So, they're towing that pile up. Yeah. All kinds of not good off the racetrack. So, this is a full breed Mopar. Yes. Yeah! What's under the hood? 360? 904 or 727? 8 and 3 quarter? 8 and 3 quarter. Look, your ratio. Make it up. It's fine. Who's gonna argue with you, my friend? 37 and 3. There you go. 456. I mean, nobody's gonna know. Remember, never let the truth get in the way of a good story, my friend. Hello. For the love of God, get your junk off the racetrack. We have stuff to do. Found on road dead. F'd over rebuilt dodge. Dude, it's gonna need a rebuild. He blowed it up. It's great. This is so perfect. That's the best fort I ever saw in my whole life right there now. I love it. All right. Now, here's what you're supposed to do, not Ding Dong's way. You're supposed to go out there and see that fine young man out there in the red shirt first. Then we make the smoke. You got that? Okay, good job. TV shows. And you hear them start a dodge and it does not have a gear reduction starter and you know that wasn't the right sound effect for that dodge to start. Yes. How many of you hear the correct dodge sound when it's a Chevrolet starting and go, okay, that's extra funny because that was a, you know, dodge van they used, right? I'm right. It's the same deal. Slant 6, 340, 360. Doesn't matter. They all have the same gear reduction starter. I love it. That's a cool truck actually. I would drive that thing. I mean, I'd lay it out like a foot because it's too tall to get into, but burnout. Brock, you can just take that forward right out the gate. All right, the burnout has started. He was not kidding about this being his special feat. Ladies and gentlemen, I'm not going to lie. Dude is good. He may not have a shirt on. There's a literally a guy doing a burnout in a long bid dodge ram pickup with no shirt on right now. With a mulling. With a mulling. That is what America is about, ladies and gentlemen. It truly gives me hope for tomorrow. Sunday's got more racing to do. Yes. That is what you call doing a lot with a little. All right. Are you ready, ladies and gentlemen, to vote? How many of you think the blowed up crown bit that Ding Dong was driving is the winner still? I do not like you at all. How many of you think that pickup with a no shirt mullet where a nude is the nude? More time if you think the pickup is winning. I think the crown bit is winning. I don't like any of you. Unless you're pretty insane. Okay. You have red smoke tires on this thing. Yep. What's your name? Paul. Paul. It is not Paul from Cleveland, Ohio. For the love of God, dude, this is a competition. Your name is Barney Fife. I need to do Barney Fife. I need to do like a car for the love of God. There you go. Go over there and talk to the guy in the red. It has wheelie bars on it, by the way. It ran around. Yeah, I can't call those. So he autocrossed this car. He drag raced this car. He's doing the whole grand champion thing. That thing has got more rake. Then your forerunner is right. I was thinking more rake than my long guy. But you know, I think the red light is going to look good with smoke. In the red smoke, by the way. Look at the big whip antenna on the back too. That is true. At least I know where he's at. So when he tries to run us over, I can see the light. Ladies and gentlemen, let's give him a big round of applause. The Blues Brothers Barney Fife insert police car guy name here is the winner right now. How many of you still think Ding Dong and the Crown Vic?  Okay, I don't hate that one lady.


Spring is all about learning and that's just what we've got to do, getting to play book and know it like the back of our mind and have it like a second language and just know it in and out. Last season the University of Pikeville Bears rallied to the top finishing with a record of six and five and the title of Mid-South Conference East Code Champions, closing conference play at five and one. It's a new year for the Bears as the tables turn just a bit as they will play in the Appalachian Division of the Mid-South Conference. With the new title of champions, what will the Bears do to improve on last year? It's been an exciting spring, you know the guys been in the weight room working their tails off all spring and you know since we got back in January and been very proud of them getting stronger in the weight room and that's carrying over to the football field. A lot of new faces out here competing for jobs, you got some guys out with the injuries but the guys are playing fast and playing hard and you know it's a learning curve for some guys but it's early on in spring. You know we definitely expect to come in and win another conference championship with the conference changing. It's going to be challenging but I think we're ready, I think we've got a lot of experience coming back and everybody's really hungry to go out and try to win another conference championship. We all came together and I mean we're all just wanting to get ranked, we want to get ranked top ten, I know that's one of our first goals but we play for championships here, that's what we're trying to do. We're wanting to surpass a conference championship and getting a playoff run and have a chance for a playoff bid and that's our goal here. After eleven games the Bears finish with over 3700 total offensive yards, scoring 33 touchdowns. It's fine tuning time now as the Bears prep for their spring game on April 19th. Well you know you got a lot of experience coming back on offense, you know you got two quarterbacks Sonny Warren and then Bowen Smith, you got a lot of experience that wide out out there, you know a lot of skilled guys out there and that's pushing each other day in and day out. We got a lot of talented guys and talented group and we're looking for a championship team so if you want to come watch a championship team play you'll come to the spring game on the 19th. The playoff is set for 6-30 from the Hambly Athletic Complex for the 2017 UPIKE spring football game. Tailgate begins at 5-30 reporting for EKB Sports, I'm McKayla Colley.