This is the nicest stage I have ever been on. I'm a grad student, we don't get nice things. They actually have a mic on my face, I don't even know what that's about. Psychoneuroimmunologist is what he was trying to grab, but I'll forgive you Ashkan. So I'm here to talk about float and the immune system. I'll give you a little bit more about that soon, but you know when I first got into this project I was really curious about what the community thought of float and the immune system. And so I went to the place where you can find, you know, it's the most trusted resource of personal opinion, the internet. And so I went on the internet and I was like, okay, what are people saying about float and the immune system? You know, so on one hand it's the immune function is enhanced by floatation, okay, so it does something good, right? And then on the other hand, there's, by reducing chronic inflammation, floatation therapy helps patients live longer, healthier lives. So here we're talking about reducing inflammation, but then we've got through the use of floatation tanks a person can actually strengthen his or her immune system.  So what gives, right? You know, we have all of these mixed attitudes about what float does for inflammation. And I think the bigger question is why does it matter? You know, many of us are familiar with the idea that inflammation is involved in illness, and we're also probably familiar with the idea that inflammation is involved with injury and recovery. But I'm here to talk about how inflammation is also involved with mental health. And so this creates this big, really interesting question of how can float play a role in these three things? And the interesting thing about this is that it's a very complicated issue, and understanding the interplay of the immune system and stress and relaxation is what I want to talk to you today about. And you might be asking, well, what does this guy know, right? He doesn't have a PhD yet. Why am I a good person to be telling you this? Let me tell you a bit about myself. Those are my space sunglasses.  I have an undergraduate degree from Thomas Jefferson University in Philadelphia. My degree was in biotechnology with a focus on genetics and cellular and molecular biology as well as pharmacology. So I studied drugs and cells and people and how to put it all together in biotech. I have a master's degree from NYU in neuroscience where I studied the primate visual system. I worked with monkeys, and I learned how all the different neural circuits that go with how we see things kind of put together a big picture. And then currently, I'm at the University of Colorado at Boulder where I'm working on a dual PhD in neuroscience and clinical psychology. I have the privilege of getting to be a therapist while I also do research that really connects our understanding of mental health with the treatments that we're giving people. And so last summer, when I met Justin for the first time and got to float in his tank in Tulsa and really experience how transformative flotation can be, I realized that this was such a perfect merger of all of my interests and my background because I could look at how flotation can affect mental health, but I could also take a look inside the body and the mind to understand how that's actually being affected on a cellular and molecular level. And I want to talk to you about that today. So just to kind of give you an idea of where we're going, I'm going to start with a brief introduction to cell and molecular biology. Now, don't get scared. I know it's super complicated, but in order to really understand how unique and amazing some of the results I'm going to present to you later, I want to make sure we're all kind of on the same page. And so after we get through that, I'm going to talk about the evolution of the adaptive immune system. So so often when we hear words associated with the immune system, and inflammation sounds bad, and boosting the immune system sounds good, but inflammation and the immune system are really one and the same. And really understanding how it evolved and how it evolved to work properly. And then taking that and looking at its context in modern times is how we're going to understand this bigger picture. And then I'm going to end with flotation in the immune system and anxiety. And this I'm super excited about. I literally just finished this analysis a week ago. So you're going to be looking at information that is hot off the presses. No one besides my advisors has seen this yet. So you're in for a treat by the end of this presentation. So let's start with our cellular and molecular biology boot camp. So to start, we've got our little person here, look inside her body. And something that you may know and may have heard of is that the cell is the smallest unit of life that there is, right? So if you divide all life down, the smallest thing is going to be the cell. And our bodies are made up of lots and lots and lots of different types of cells. And for the purpose of this presentation, the one thing I want you to know is that some of these cells stay in one place, like a skin cell. Your skin cells don't really move around, they just stay where they are. Whereas other cells in the body, like your red blood cells, move around. And they go to where they need to go in order to deliver nutrients or share information. And it's that sharing of information that is really critical for understanding the immune system, specifically what we're looking at today. So I want to talk about how cells communicate with each other. One way that they communicate with each other is through mechanical communication. So movement. If you get touched, your skin cells are going to move. That movement is going to activate neurons. And those neurons are going to send messages. So that's one way cells can communicate. Another way is through electricity. A really good example of this is your cardiac muscle cells. They actually send electrical impulse from cell to cell to cell to make sure that your heart is beating in time and with the right rhythm. But finally, and the most important for this presentation today, is there are chemical signals. And so let's zoom in on that a little bit.  And those chemicals can then travel either across a short distance, like in this picture, or across long distances throughout your entire body.  And they do different things. And in the immune system, those chemical messengers are known as cytokines. And that's a word I'm going to be using a lot, because cytokines are how we measure immune function when we're looking at it on a molecular level. So for the purposes of this presentation, I'm going to be talking about things on three different levels. The first is going to be molecular, talking about those chemical messengers. And anytime you see a little cartoon face, because I love cartoons, you're going to be talking about a chemical messenger. And it might be a cytokine, it might be something that has to do with stress, I'm going to be really explicit about what they are. But just remember, if you see a face or a little character like that, it's generally referring to something molecular, chemical messenger signal. We're also going to be talking on a cellular level. And I didn't make any of the cells into cartoons, they're just kind of blobs that look similar to this. So anytime you see something like that, we're going to be talking about cells. And then finally, we're going to be talking on a behavioral level. Like what's actually happening when these chemical messengers and cells are communicating? And for that, I have my little friend here, her name is Clara. She has followed me around for three years now. I use her and her friend, Randy. Randy doesn't show up in this presentation. But they're my little cartoon characters that help me to explain things when I'm giving talks. So in order to really understand the immune system, and in order to understand how it's adaptive and how it evolved, because understanding that will then give us the idea of how it can go wrong, we're going to have to go way back in time. We're going to have to go back in human history and we're going to be using cableman Clara. In order to talk about the immune system and how it evolved, I'm going to be talking about three different stories. There is escaped Clara, there is injury Clara, and there is survival Clara. Each of these is going to be a different vignette in how the immune system evolved to be adaptive, to actually help us survive. And then I'm going to take pieces of that and talk about how it's gone wrong in modern society. So let's start out with escaped Clara. So Clara is a hunter-gatherer and she likes picking berries and weaving baskets and I don't know, whatever they did 20,000 years ago. And so one day she's out picking berries and suddenly a saber-two tiger appears. And she is freaking out because she doesn't want to get attacked, he's stalking her, she doesn't quite know what to do. And so right now, before anything happens, very specific system that has to do with stress in Clara's body is being activated. That system is known as the sympathetic nervous system, but you're probably more familiar with it as the fight-or-flight system. And so I want to kind of tease apart these stress systems because they're really important to understanding the immune system. So the fight-or-flight system starts when signals from your brain travel down through your body and synapse on your adrenal glands and they release specific chemicals that you're probably familiar with. One is epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, and the other is norepinephrine, or noradrenaline. And now these molecules then spread through your bloodstream and communicate with all parts of your body and they do a few very specific things that allow us to either fight or flee. That includes things like pupil dilation so that you can get more light into your eyes so you can see what's going on. Increased lung capacity so that you can actually move and get running. An increased heart rate to get your blood pumping so that it goes everywhere through your body that it needs to be. And finally, increased blood glucose. And glucose is your body's main energy source and so that glucose can travel throughout your body and give you the energy that you need to move. And so what does this do for Clara? Well, in this case, it allows her to drop her berries and run away, which is great, right? So the stress system worked. But there's something else that the sympathetic nervous system does that facilitates preparation for things that might happen because something, this might have gone differently. Clara could have actually gotten attacked and she could have gotten scratched or broken a bone or maybe while she's escaping, she trips and scrapes her knee and the body needs to be ready to tackle those types of problems. And so the sympathetic nervous system has evolved a really efficient way of turning the immune system on to prepare for possible injury or sickness in response to this stressful situation. And I wanna talk a little bit about specifically what that means. So one way that it does it is that the sympathetic nervous system, the neurons that activate that system not only tell the adrenals to release adrenaline, they also communicate with different immune organs in our body like the thymus and the spleen to help to mobilize our immune systems and get us ready. But I'd like to talk about one other cell that is gonna play a key role in this presentation and it's something known as a macrophage. Now macrophages are all over your body. They are kind of the resident gatekeepers and soldiers of the immune system. And if you were to have a cut or something were to happen in a local spot, that would activate macrophages just in that location. And those macrophages would then release signals and they would bring other immune cells and other immune molecules to that location to help you to heal. But something different is happening with the sympathetic nervous system. With that, we're dealing with activation of your immune system on a full body level. And what does that mean exactly? Well, I wanna take a look at this specifically on a molecular and cellular level because it's gonna be important for understanding the results that we found later on. So what happens is that epinephrine or adrenaline can actually activate a macrophage. And that leads to the release of several cytokines that are really crucial for understanding for the immune system to function. Two that I'll be talking about today are IL-1-beta and IL-12. And we're gonna let IL-1-beta rest for a minute. I'm gonna come back to him later. But IL-12 basically works back and reactivates the immune system. So if epinephrine is activating one macrophage, that macrophage releases IL-12 and that IL-12 then is able to activate tons of other macrophages in the area through talking to some other cells which is a little more complicated than you need to know right now. But basically, IL-12 helps to amplify your immune response. Now I'd like to kind of move away from that and talk about how we regulate this. So there's another stress system in our body that you are probably familiar with based off of its end product. And that's known as the HPA axis. And HPA stands for the hypothalamus which communicates with the pituitary which then communicate with the adrenals. And the byproduct of this stress system is cortisol. Cortisol is probably something that you've heard of. Now what's interesting about this is that it's on a time delay. The sympathetic nervous system or our fight or flight system happens almost immediately. Signals from our brain go down to our adrenals, suddenly adrenaline's released, that's why it's so fast. The HPA axis takes a while because you have to get signals from the hypothalamus to the pituitary to the adrenals. They're not direct, it goes through the bloodstream, and it kind of swoops in a little later. And the reason for this is because it's more for long-term stress adaptation. If our fight or flight sympathetic nervous system is more about doing something right away, the HPA axis with cortisol is about preparing you to survive for the long haul. It also frees up energy but in a bit of a different way than sympathetic nervous system does. And something that's really important for this presentation is that it regulates the immune system. Cortisol is one of the most potent anti-inflammatory molecules in our body. In fact, it's so potent that we use it as treatment for inflammation. Glucocorticoids, cortisol injections, different things that help to reduce localized inflammation. And it does this in two specific ways. So let's take a look back at our macrophage that's activated, releasing the IL-1 beta and the IL-12. And in this case, the cortisol can act directly on the macrophage and completely shut it off. But not only that, there's a second way that it can do this and that's through a mediator. Cortisol can act on an immune cell known as the T cell that T cell then releases another key player, IL-10, and then IL-10 can also turn macrophages off. And those three, oh, let's go back, those three side of kinds are the ones that we're going to be talking about in my results today and I'll be referring back to them. Okay, so cortisol, systemically, can basically turn the immune system off. And that's what we want, right? So in the case of our story, Claire gets startled, almost attacked, she escapes and because she escapes, she doesn't really need an immune response anymore. And so later on, the cortisol comes in and it just shuts that all down. So just to give a brief overview, we've got Clara, we've got the saber-toothed tiger, we've got activation of the sympathetic nervous system in the release of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Then this goes on to activate the fight or flight response and Claire is able to escape. And because of that, her immune system gets turned off by cortisol which comes down and comes in a little bit later. And this interplays incredibly adaptive because we want something that's going to be able to get us ready, but then to shut off if we don't need it. So let's talk about another way that the immune system is adaptive for survival. And that is in the story of our second Clara, injury Clara. So in this case, we've got Clara collecting berries again and again, saber-toothed tiger comes around. But this time, Claire's not doing so well. She gets attacked, she survives and manages to escape, but she's dealing with some severe injury and trauma. And so how does the body respond when there's an actual need for the immune system to work? And I would love to talk about this individually if you find me later and missed what I was saying at some point. I could talk about this for hours. So anyway, so we've got what we talked about where the immune system starts off. We've got the adrenaline and noradrenaline turning on the immune system through the macrophages. But then we have this whole thing with the cortisol turning it off. Now, this isn't the whole story because what's interesting is that cortisol at high concentrations is what turns off the immune system. But cortisol in low concentrations actually facilitates the immune system. So in the very early stages of an HPA access response, when cortisol is just getting released and there isn't a lot in your body, it's actually allowing the immune system to do its job. And it isn't until cortisol increases that it starts to turn it off. Now, this window of time provides an opportunity for the immune system to catch hold and to mount a response that is necessary for survival. And, oh yeah, and that allows it to then extend the system or the response for as long as necessary. And what ends up happening, I like to think of as a tug of war between cortisol and the immune system. So basically what happens is that in these early stages, cortisol in low concentrations allows for the immune system to start to increase. But then the body tries to compensate and it increases the cortisol and then the immune system starts to go down. But because you're injured and sick, the immune system comes back and keeps pulling and it keeps going until we reach a bit of an equilibrium. And that equilibrium stays as long as we have an active immune response that is necessitating the need for healing or for fighting infection. And so the question is how exactly does this happen? Oh, now that's another slide. This is what happens next, right? So we talked about how the immune system got shut off before, but what happens when your immune system is allowed to continue and you have this immune response that's being built up? So for this, we're gonna look at IO1 beta. And IO1 beta is kind of like this master controller for your immune system, especially for broad spectrum inflammation that's throughout the entire body. And it does this in a couple very specific ways by the encouragement and creation of something that the literature calls sickness syndrome. The sickness syndrome is a collection of behaviors and physiological responses that facilitate healing. So let's take a look at that. We've got IO1 beta. One of the things that it does is that it activates the hypothalamus to basically reset your internal temperature gauge and produce a fever. Additionally, IO1 beta can communicate through the vagus nerve, which is a nerve that's kind of inside of your body, directly to the brain to help alter other certain behaviors that will help facilitate this. Another one, and this is one of the most interesting mechanisms that I know of, is that it can actually travel into the brain and affect neurons. So that little inset there is looking at neurons, right inside the brain, and we're looking at a specific type of neurotransmitter here. You might know it. It's called serotonin. Serotonin is involved with mood. It's also involved with a lot of other things. And what IO1 beta does is it actually decreases the amount of serotonin that's in your brain. This is the exact opposite of what an SSRI does. So most antidepressant medication, SSRI stands for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, actually increases the amount of serotonin at these synapses. When you're sick, your immune system does the exact opposite, and it actually reduces the amount of serotonin that is in your brain. And so what does that actually do functionally? Well, there are a couple of different symptoms that are associated with this change. One, it increases fatigue, increases pain sensitivity, decreases appetite, leads to social withdrawal, and can lead to an increase in anxiety. Do those symptoms look familiar to anyone? Looks just like depression, right? We're gonna come back to that. So Clara is able to find her clan and they help her heal. She's doing a lot better. And so now we go back to our tug of war and because she's all healed up, her immune system has gone down.  There we go. So just to give a brief summary of this, this is what we looked at before. I'm just gonna simplify it because it would get really confusing if I added everything in to this. Basically saying that cortisol kind of shuts everything down. So what happens next though is if you get sick, it leads to that tug of war that leaves the immune system working, then leads to sickness syndrome, then when healing occurs, it comes in and the body pays attention to the cortisol system again and it all shuts down. Another way that the immune system and our stress systems evolve to interact for an adaptive process. Now I'd like to talk about one more story and that is survival Clara. This is a case when we need to ignore what our stress system is telling us. So in this story, Clara again gets attacked and again she gets hurt, but this time she's stalked by the saber tooth tiger and she stalked for a very long time so much that she gets completely lost and she is forced to wander the wilderness. Now in this case, Clara is going through severe trauma. She's starving, she's dehydrated, but she also probably has gangrene and is sick and so her cortisol rates are through the roof. But if she ignored that cortisol, or if she paid attention to that cortisol signal and shut down her immune system, she wouldn't have that long to live. So the body has evolved an amazing mechanism for actually disregarding cortisol in cases of extended extreme stress. Basically, like we talked about before, epinephrine activates the macrophage, cortisol comes in, turns it off and you ignore that signal. However, in some cases, during extreme stress, our cells, including the macrophage, adapt and start ignoring that cortisol signal and they stay on for extended periods of time. And this is in order to facilitate healing even if we're under extreme amounts of stress. Basically, leaving that system on. So again, let's do a really quick summary. We've got, this is what we were looking at before, but instead of her healing, we've got her traveling around and this leads to an ignoring of the cortisol signal and keeping that inflammatory system on. So these are our three historical cable women, Clara's, but what does that mean for us in modern times? How does this affect the way that we interact with stress and immune system today? Well, we don't really have sabertooth tigers around in modern times, at least not yet. I feel like Elon Musk is probably working on that somewhere. But these modern day stressors include things like negative life events, interpersonal stress or situational anxiety like public speaking. And these different events can all act in the same way as that sabertooth tiger stress did before and act to turn on the immune system.  And so that's how being in a stressful life situation is still kind of controlled in a way that's adaptive. But what about when it's disrupted? And what can that look like? So the really interesting thing about this is that we see these same stressors, but for some people instead of them being temporary stressors, we interpret them in the same way as we would injured Clara. We feel like we're actually in a long-term situation of fight or flight. And in that extended way, we then enter into that push-pull between cortisol and the immune system. And then that activates all of those sickness syndrome symptoms that we were talking about before. But in modern times, that actually does look like depression. And in this way, this extended stress can lead to depression and mental health issues. However, even in this case, eventually cortisol will win out and you'll go back to normal or go back to a typical non-depressed existence. But there's one other piece here that is really crucial. And that's the fact that early childhood adversity, early life extended stress can actually change the way that we respond to stress in adulthood. In fact, early life childhood adversity can act just like that wandering Clara in the wilderness. When you expose a child to extreme stress that includes poverty or abuse, you're basically rewriting their body so that it stops paying attention to the cortisol signal that is there to shut down the immune system. And so what happens from that is you get these constantly activated immune cells which then leave the inflammation completely on. And that leads to a perpetual state of chronic inflammation in individuals and children who are dealing with this. And the really scary part about this is that children who are exposed to early life stress and develop a, desensitize themselves to cortisol, grow into adults who have the same issues. And this problem then leads to chronic low grade inflammation in adulthood which can then not only lead to mental health problems but also physiological health problems like auto-immunity or heart disease. So let's just do a quick summary. We've got modern day Clara and she has a negative life event. Looks like she's gotten half on a test. This activates her sympathetic nervous system which then leads to a fight or flight response because she has nowhere to go, might just lead to rumination, kind of thinking about things. And in some cases, and this will lead to the immune response but the HP axis will turn it off. However, if Clara interprets this F as something that's life altering and really, really horrible for her, this actually leaves the immune system on in that push, pull, tug of war between cortisol and the immune system and leads to sickness syndrome or depression. But even that may eventually improve allowing for cortisol to shut it off. However, in cases of extreme stress in childhood, this can lead to ignoring of that cortisol signal, leading to constant low-grade inflammation which then can lead to health problems later in life. So just to briefly summarize, the immune system is activated in response to modern day stressors. Disruption of the immune system in response to stress may cause anxiety and depression in some people and early life adversity can lead to a lifetime disruption of the immune system. But in my last few minutes, because I'm a little over time, I wanna talk about the role of float and the immune system because that is what can be really transformative, right? That is what we're looking to find is whether these types of relaxations through flotation can actually help us to regulate our immune system in a way that's more adaptive. I've been working with Justin at the Laureate Institute where we're looking to find novel therapeutics for psychiatric illnesses. Saw this picture already and I'm just gonna breeze through this. This is our study. Justin talked about this already. This is the basic idea and we had the blood draws pre and post. This is the study that he showed before and again, this was the full thing. People either floated or they watched Planet Earth and then a week later, they did the opposite. So we have all of this data to look at. So now I'm gonna show you a couple graphs and I'm gonna walk you through them briefly just so you're not scared of them because they're a little complicated. So this is the basic idea. We're gonna be looking at IO1 beta, IO12 and IO10. Along the middle here on this up and down axis, above it is when there's an increase in concentration of a cytokine and below it is going to be when there's a decrease in a concentration of a cytokine. And our conditions, the earth condition is green, the pool condition, the flow condition is blue. Oh and the lines are going to be basically the relationship, the dots are gonna be the individual people and then at the bottom on that horizontal axis is going to be a self-report measure that's related to anxiety. So something about anxiety that we measured in people. So let's take a look at the first one. This is IO1 beta and you can see a basic interpretation of what we're looking at right there on the side. And what we found is that people who are more sensitive to anxiety, people who are more likely to interpret different types of physical stimuli as leading to anxiety. The more sensitive they were, the more they showed a reduction in IO1 beta in response to float. But not the earth condition. Basically, the more of a probability you have to being anxious, the more your immune system can benefit from this condition. And that's just staggering. We also have some results with IL-12. Similar, but this has to do with the amount of anxiety that people experienced in the previous week. Again, the more anxiety that they experienced in their week previously, the more benefit they had by lowering these inflammatory cytokines in response to float, but not earth. And finally, we've got something in a bit of the opposite direction. If you remember when I mentioned IL-10, it is an anti-inflammatory cytokine. It basically helps to reduce inflammation. And what we showed was that for individuals in the float condition who increased in feelings of relaxation in response to float, the more relaxed they felt, the more IL-10 was being produced in their body. They're basically having an anti-inflammatory response that is proportional to the amount of relaxation that they're feeling. And these results have never been seen anywhere before. They're amazing. I'm super excited to start working more on this. We have a lot more work to do. Some of the things we need to do in the future include more float sessions, which is that grant that Justin was talking about earlier that I'm super excited about will be able to see how the immune system changes in response to multiple float sessions. We also need to get more people. You know, these immune responses are small and it takes a large group of people to really understand what we're looking at. And the more people we can get involved to better. And finally, we want more information, asking people more questions, getting more data, really finding other ways that this can all go together. And through that, we'll be able to really make a dent in this and figure out the role that float can play in helping us to regulate our own immune systems. Thank you.


Quon Guardians, Orange, Rookie, Autograph, Corbin, Carol, 6 of 25 Diamondbacks, huge hit. Yeah, Corby, Daren, Daren with the Corbin, Daren with the Corbin, big, big hits.


The lead upon company of Wilmington Delaware, makers of better things for better living through chemistry, presents the Cavalcade of America. Tonight's play, Star and Shield, starring Broderick Crawford and featuring the very young Miss Eileen Merrie. Star and Shield is a true story out of the American canvas. It might happen anywhere in your town or mine. It actually happened in Union City in the fall of 1952. Union City, New Jersey. Here's across the Hudson River at the sprawling giant of Gotham.  Just a block or two off the main stem is the corner of Central Avenue and 32nd Street. To the Hudson County Motorcycle Police, this is Post 35. For the past 28 years, the regular noontime beat of Officer Bill Camp.  The whole lot of you are on the double. Let's go. Let's go. All right, take it snappy.  Hey, you there. Little half-bite. Are you crossing or not? Come on now. You're holding up traffic. Your last warning. Are you coming? All right. Stay right where you are then. Now see here, Miss. Isn't there enough piggledy-piggledy in life without you having to park yourself on a street corner, not common, not gone. Just stay and put. Hello. You've been standing there ever since I came on duty now. You want to get across? No. You don't want to get across? No. You're just satisfied to stay where you are. Don't you go home for lunch? No. Why do you can't go back to school without lunch? I've got to go. Uh-huh. Atroant, eh? What's that? Atroant? Well, atroant... Atroant is someone that should be in school, but isn't. It's a pretty terrible crime. But I don't know. Let's go. Oh? Aren't you going to do that traffic no more? No, I'm not. Now, surely you're not atroant. Because if you're not, the way you say it, it's a technicality. What's that? Now, never mind. Never mind that now. How old are you? I'm almost nice. How old are you? Lee, I'm 53. I... What business is this of yours? How old I am? These are very personal questions. This is disgraceful. It's very private. Look, I have two girls of my own. They're all grown up now. When they were small, they looked very much like you. But that's my private business, and I'm not telling anyone. What's your name? That's private business, and I'm not telling anyone. But I'm a policeman. That's not anyone. That's someone. Oh, it's Margaret. Where do you live, Margaret? Down there. Won't your mommy be looking for you for lunch? I live with them all. Oh? Aren't you going to do that traffic no more? Well, you see, right now I happen to be on my lunch hour, and I... Perhaps you'd like to join me, huh? You going to a restaurant? Yeah, I am. Can I have some hamburger? Yeah. And peach pie? Yeah. So maybe I think I'll join you on our half-moon burger and peach pie. Another swallow of milk there. You want to stop sneezing and finish it up? Ah, you want some more? Oh, no. Yeah, come here, come here. Let me clean your face up with this napkin. You've got a milk and a hamburger much better than it is. You know something? I bet if you had a bath, you'd turn out to be real pretty. You tell your grandma I said so, will you? But you don't have a bath. Oh? You've got a sink. Them are going to look me up and down anymore. I'm too big. So you don't get bathed? Not all over, not ever. Let me ask you something, Miss Margaret. Have you got a last name? No, I'm sorry. Everybody has a last name. Oh, kittens don't? Don't they? They just don't.  Would you? The same as yours? Same as mine. I would call a kitten. The only. The only, huh? That's your grandma's name too? No, her name is Grandma. Well, I'll tell you what we're going to do. Right now we're going to pay a visit to Grandma. Can we come for lunch again tomorrow? Sure. Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow. You and me. You know what? We're going steady. The answer is it, Margaret. My friend called at the window house. He said it was good. It wouldn't surprise me a bit. So come on, let's go in and see Grandma. Don't they ever have a light in this hallway? Don't need a light. Nothing seems to see anywhere. Just go bow, that thing. I think somebody out there has one. I think of Grandma, but I do. I smell things and do you know what? What? Right in the hall. Well, not only how to write, but you know what else? No, what else? A chair. I mean, a real one. That's it. You don't say. I guess that's real. No, I can't see a thing here. Is this the door? Uh-huh. Well, what's the matter, Officer? Is something wrong? I mean, trouble, Officer, what is it? No, no, it's no trouble at all, Mother. We just had lunch together, and I had a few minutes before going back on duty, and I thought I'd drop in and meet Grandma. Margaret told me a lot about you. May I come in? Well, yeah. Come in, please. Sit down. Sit down, Officer, please. Oh, thanks. Oh, I can offer you a cup of tea. No, no, no, no, no. Don't get any trouble, Mother. Margaret and I had a fine time together. Matter of fact, she had the whole rest I'm talking. Not many youngsters earlier had to find manners with the table. Oh, well, manners is something for even poor folks to afford. I do my best to teach her right. Look, I don't sound inquisitive, Mother, but what about Margaret's folks, her parents? Well, her father's dead. Her mother lives and works in New York. She comes and lives sometimes when she can. And you're her grandmother? I'm a great grandmother. Oh. You're not going to start singing to take Margaret away from me, are you? Take her to an institution, are you? Oh, no, I wouldn't do that, Mother. Well, we get by, but we get by pretty well. And on what? Well, I've got a little pension, but we get by. Let's be a little tough, huh? No, we manage. Tell me, where is Margaret's sweep? It's here. I'll show you. There isn't even a window in this room. Yeah, it ain't that scary. How's it a window where you sweep? It's still, Mother. Oh, wait.  I didn't mean to buy a new one, but, well, it's often a little difficult for me. Yeah, I suppose it is. Well, Mother, tomorrow, the first thing, you go to Cramer's department store and get yourself a new stove. Oh, you mean a stove? Cramer! Here's $10. You tell Mr. Threadway that this is a down payment for me to send me the payment book for the rest. Oh, it's not right for me to let you do this, while we're just strangers. I want to do it. I really do. I want to. And I don't think you have the right to refuse me, Mother. And I hope you won't. Oh, well, all right, Officer. But it's not for me. It's for Margaret. All right, let's look at it that way, then. Now, one other thing. I'd like to have Margaret come and spend the weekend with me. Yeah, I'll try it. I've got two grown daughters. I know they love to meet Margaret. May she come? Well, yes. I suppose it would be all right. I'm coming to your house, Mrs. Vander. Uh-huh. And then I can rest. Come with me. Yeah. I'm coming to see Aunt Threadway. Well, that's part of it, Margaret. But the main reason you're coming is to have a bath. Oh, Margaret. It's not all over the place now. You know, I think you'd better get a mop. And you'd better get that little water rat out of the bathtub before he dissolves. I'll get the mop. How's she coming in there, Debbie? You were right, Pa. Right about what? He's cute as a button. Well, I've always had good taste, you know that. Is it all right for a daughter to tell her old man that he's a pretty sweet guy? No, wait a minute. I'm a cop. They don't make cops sweet. It's bad for business. Oh, sure. A real tough cop. Now, don't start getting mushy with me. She's just a kid that needed a bath. Lots of kids need baths. Yeah, and lots of grown-ups see that they get them. The whole world isn't made up of selfish souls, Dorothy. It's made up mostly of just plain people, mostly good ones. Margaret! Look at this here. I'm not finished. Oh, my gosh, the mop. Oh, forget the mop. Just get a can and we can bail. The bathroom's under water.  Now, come on. Off to bed. Valerie and Dorothy will take you up. Oh, do I have to? Yes, you have to. I'm saying so, and I'm a cop. Yes, sir. Don't forget to say your prayers. Oh, I don't have to say prayers. They only say prayers when they haven't got anything. And tonight, I've got just anything in the world. All right, guys, on a parole call. Now, Alton, patrol the Paterson Plank Road. Vibrant? Yes. North Pike. Lynch? Yes. North of the Circle. Campbell? Yes. 35 Post Central Avenue in 30 seconds. Oh, Campbell, I want to see you for a minute. Rest is missed. You want to see me, Lieutenant? Lieutenant first, won't you? Come on, I'll go with you. Some room? You'll find out soon enough. Is Campbell, Lieutenant? Oh, hey, Campbell. How long have you been with the Hudson County police? Let's see. I got in 1925, which means that by now, we're going to know how this outfit operates. Well, yes. We operate as a team together. We don't like it when one of our men decides to make it like a lone wolf. I don't know what you're talking about, Lieutenant. Oh. Innocent, huh? I don't know what you're talking about. We're like dogs. We got undercover operators. We know what's going on. We got you nailed to the mass. Are you guys nuts? You might as well confess. Confess, though. There's a dame involved. A dame? Don't deny it. Fine or closed. Fixing up her apartment. That's a pretty big order for a cop making 6750 a week. What, Campbell? We know the whole story. Yeah, she's a blonde, too. And her name is Margaret Leone.  So we're telling you now, Campbell, we're not letting you do this anymore. That's right. Not alone, anyway. What? We're in it with you. The whole department. We got a fun start of all the boys that chippin' in. And what have you got to say about that? What have I got to say? Nothing. I'd better say nothing. Your guys are a lot too tough for me. The story's starring Shield, starring Robert Crawford as Bill Campbell, and featuring Miss Eileen Mary as Margaret. The following, little Margaret Leone literally became a member of the Hudson County Motorcycle Police Corps, standing straight and proud next to Bill Campbell. She'd appear at every roll call. Call. Call it, John. Post-2014, Campbell. Here, sir. Post-35. Leone. Post-35. And a half. And the whole community took Margaret to its highest. Merchants dressed her like a princess.  Oh, so there you are. How old have you been all afternoon? Been in the library. In the library? Did I play it? She couldn't do it. Well, what did you do? I took out five books, and I... And then it was Thanksgiving, the day before Thanksgiving, and Officer Bill Campbell went up to the shabby little house on Central Street. Hello, Mother. Oh, hello, Officer Campbell. Come in, please. How have you been feeling, Mother? Have you been taking your medicine? Oh, yes, yes. Look, I just dropped by to ask if you and Margaret can come to the house tomorrow for Thanksgiving dinner. Oh. I'll pick you up in my car. Well, I don't know. I... There's nothing wrong. Well, I don't understand it. I don't know what to do. Come on, Mother, what is it? Well, we... Margaret and me, we've got to get out. Get out? Yes, it's what they call an eviction. What? Yeah, they gave me the papers. Eviction? What's it all about? Well, I'm going to tear this place down. That's what they say. I spoke to the social worker, and she says that it's the law that we have to get out. She says that it would be best for me to go to the county home. And Margaret... Margaret, she'll have to go to... Oh, we can't take her like that. Is this right? Well, now wait a minute. Take it easy, Mother. Oh, well... I told you once. I'd see that they wouldn't take Margaret away from you. And they won't. Oh, this is how... How did you stop her? This is the law. I'll tell you what.  Let me worry about the law. There's turkey. I think maybe we ought to take a couple of seconds to think of all we have to be thankful for. It's a lot to crowd into a few seconds, I know, but let's give it a try, huh? All right, now we can dig in. What could you thank for, Bill? Please? Well, for being alive, for being here, for having all of you with me. Hey, what about you, Margaret? For my new dress, for grandma's getting better, for most of all, for best of all, for you. Checked into the whole matter, Bill. There isn't much to do. You're tearing the old buildings down. That's a good thing. Yeah, sure it is, Lieutenant. But what's going to happen to Margaret and Grandma? They've got to be kept together. I even offered to have them come and live with me, but the old lady said, no, she just won't do it. You can't blame her. It's a matter of pride, or I know that too. But if they put her in the county home, Margaret will have to go to an institution. Well, there's no other way. I don't suppose she could go to New York and live with her mother.  She really makes enough to support herself. I don't think that Margaret will have to leave school. It's just... Hello, Bill. Hello, John. The white people knock on doors. But I remember of the forest. Oh, I forgot. Hey, hey, hey. Look at those no-shoes. How'd you get so much mud on them? My friend Rowe, Joey, and me, we've done walking them new houses on Hudson Boulevard. You better be careful down around there. Oh, they're going to be the last wonderful houses, like, like palaces almost. Well, kind of old rent palaces. They have ice boxes with our ice and... Lieutenant. ...and bathtub. Look at them in there. Aren't you listening, Bill? Yes, sure, sure. It can't be done, Bill. And shall we be real sharp? Why can't it be done? Isn't anybody listening to me? They got regulations that say only married couples with children can get in. I'm going to see Mayor Thoreau. It's not the mayor who makes the regulations. It's the housing authority. I'm still going to go see the mayor. Yes. Well, what? Well, I think both of you are a guest family. Mayor Thoreau, it's the only way to keep Margaret and the old lady together. Can't something be done? You know what you're asking, Bill. There are regulations put down by the housing authority that are set. Definite. To change them means public hearings, debates, all kinds of rigs. Excuse me, Mayor. There's a little story I remember. It's about Lincoln, I think. There was a woman who had four sons. They were all in the Army. Her husband had died and unless she had one of her sons to help bring in the crops, she'd be destitute. She'd go into the War Department. The commanding officer, she'd go in everywhere. Always she got the same answer. It's impossible. It's regulations. Finally, in desperation, she got in to see Lincoln. He listened to her story, reached for a little pad of paper and a pencil, and he wrote two words. Do it. One of the boys got home. I'm not Lincoln, Bill. You've got a pad and a pencil. Why don't you use it? Here's Lottellet. Where's your partner? Well, Margaret. She's chocolate wheeled on the other side of the street. Bill, you know John Tobler. Oh, sure. How are you, Mr. Tobler? That's fine, Bill. How'd you make out with Mayor Thoreau? I don't know, Lottellet. I just don't know. Well, while you were up there with him, I thought I'd drop in on John here. You know, he owns the property Margaret's houses are. Oh, no, I didn't know. Yes, and I'm awfully sorry about this eviction business. Those old houses are eye sores, and well, I thought I was doing a public service for halting them down. I didn't know about this, Margaret, and her grandmother until Lieutenant Cruz told me. Mr. Tobler's willing to hold up the eviction proceeding. Oh, that's all. Well, how long? Well, we had everything set to start pulling down the buildings next week, but if I can find a spot for the kid and her grandmother in the housing project, I'll hold off, turn the buildings down until they can move into the new place. Of course, though, if you can do that. Yeah, sure, sure. Well, you understand. Yeah, sure. Hey, here comes a little lady now. Hi, Margaret. Hello, Lieutenant Trush. Meet Mr. Tobler. How do you do? I'm fine, thanks. Well, tell me, any business, Margaret? Just one car with a 24 ticket. That's the green one down at the end of the block. It's got two truck marks on it now. Sure looks like a ticket on it. Holy smoke! What's the matter, John? That's my car. Isn't it a wonderful Christmas party? Just look at it, Margaret. It's wonderful, Dorothy. Oh, I just wish that... Now, everything's going to be all right. Dad says that it's going to be all right. He's done so much for us. Your father and Lieutenant Trush and Lieutenant Cropp, you know, all the other officers. So much. It's the only reason to expect them to do more. Okay, it's still a little time. Oh, you have to be my age to know how little time can be. Oh, hello, Mother. Are you enjoying the party? Yes, yes indeed. A deal. Yeah, what? I haven't told her yet. Oh, about the eviction, huh? Yeah, I haven't told her, but she'll know tomorrow. It's the last day. Why don't you come and stay with us? Oh, please? No, no. That would be taking advantage of kindness. That would spoil it. Margaret! Well, what have you got there? Yes, no, Joey. Oh, look at this. Christmas comes to the Christmas party. Christmas, Mr. Mayor?  This little girl and my grandmother are great-grandmother and great-grandmother. Merry Christmas. Oh, merry Christmas. Merry Christmas. I've got a little present for you for you both. Oh, what is it, sir? An apartment of the new housing project. Three and a half rooms, rents $18 a month. You got it? Send. Just use the pencil and the bag. Hey, that's terrific. Well, I'm going to put in a call for John Tobler. This means he'll hold up wrecking until the apartment's ready. When will that be, Your Honor? I'm afraid. Your Honor, I don't know what to say. Well, it's about Christmas, Mayor. I must tell you, Margaret. What's this all about, Mayor? It's about how people, some good people, make Christmas come all year round. Open the door. Hey, be careful. Some of the pants still wet. All right. Go ahead. Go ahead. Oh, it is wonderful, Margaret. There's the kitchen right in there. This is the living room. Grandma's bedroom will be there. Oh, my. Hey, Margaret. Yes, sir. Finish, yes. Come on, take a look right through this door. Well, Margaret, we would also like to express our gratitude and admiration to the Hudson County Motorcycle Police Car for its cooperation in the preparation of our story tonight. And I'll go Hamilton, speaking for the DuPont Company. On an early cavalcade program, way back in 1936, it was reported with awe that 18,600 chemists belonged to the American Chemical Society. That seemed like a lot at the time. But America has grown, and so has her need of chemists. Today, the American Chemical Society has more than 66,000 members. What does it mean to have so many chemists in our country continually striving to create new and better things? Well, most important, it means that the growth of chemistry is a result of contributions to our better living. Entire new industries have been founded, and thousands of people have found new employment. New fibers, new medicines, more food and safer food, better transportation, greater comfort and better health have stemmed from new chemical knowledge. And it's been a major source of strength in our national defense. The future contributions may be limited by a severe shortage of chemists, engineers and other scientists. Too few high school students are preparing for technical careers. And yet, the opportunity has never been as great as it is today and appears to be in the future. To bring this opportunity to the attention of high school students and their parents, the American Chemical Society has prepared a booklet called Shall I Study Chemistry? It answers questions about what chemists do, what working conditions and job opportunities young chemists can expect, what personal characteristics favor success in chemistry. For a free copy, for yourself or for some young friend, write to DuPont Cavalcade, Wilmington, Delaware. Ask for the booklet Shall I Study Chemistry? You may also wish to bring this booklet to the attention of your local high school. The DuPont Company hopes that many young Americans will decide upon chemistry as a career. For DuPont detends upon today's students of science the health and supplying America with better things for better living through chemistry. Tonight's DuPont Cavalcade was written by Irv Tunick. Original music was composed by Arden Cornwell conducted by Donald Borey. The program was directed by John Zoller with our star, Roderick Crawford. You heard Eileen Mary as Margaret. Others were Ethel Browning, Sandra Spicer, Mary Fickett, Les Damon, Michael Kent, Stopped Cutsworth and Alan Hewitt. We're reminding you to be with us next week when the DuPont Cavalcade will present The Secret Road, our star, Lee Bowman. Ladies and gentlemen, this is Red Cross Month. Each year this organization answers an increasing number of calls for help. Calls that can be answered only with your participation. This month, do your part to help the Red Cross answer the call. The DuPont Cavalcade of America came to you from the Velasco Theater in New York City and is sponsored by the DuPont Company of Wilmington, Delaware. Blue Chemistry. Tonight, just for last, listen to Red Skelton on NBC.


Please like, comment, share and subscribe. Click the bell icon to receive notifications for my future videos. If you would like to donate by paypal links in the video description. If you are interested in one-on-one coaching, you can email me at narcisfavorcoachingatgmail.com Narciss hate people that like you. Narciss hate people in general but they believe that everyone is meant to serve them. They are pathologically envious and jealous.  In the Narciss mind, if you are complimenting someone or they are complimenting you and you are expressing that you like each other, you are both enemies of the Narciss. In their minds you are against them because you are engaged in something that is unfavorable to them. Narciss have two sides to them.  When the Narciss witnesses you complimenting someone or receiving a compliment, it destroys their delusions of being the most likable or desirable person. Narciss forces them to reflect on their shame and face reality, which may cause a narcissic injury and narcissic rage. The Narciss will then attack you, whether overtly or passive-aggressively, as a defence mechanism to maintain their belief or impression, despite being contradicted by reality.  The Narciss believes that you are unworthy or undeserving of any respect or positive attention, but this is their false self. Deep down they know and understand that you are worthy and deserving of respect and positive attention.    They are so pathologically envious and jealous that it becomes a lifestyle for them to prevent any potential interactions that you may experience with people who do like you. But when you start communicating with people outside of the Narciss environment, people who are not involved in the smear campaign or fly monkeys and they compliment you on your appearance or your qualities, talents and traits, that really winds them up.  When really they have just created a false reality and a false narrative which is opposed to the truth and not just the truth of other people but also what they believe to be true.    Because they spend so much time targeting your self esteem and trying to make you believe that you're not good enough or you're not good looking enough.  The last thing they want to see is you receiving any form of positive attention or compliments from someone else. They are pathologically envious and jealous, it kills them inside, usually what people will compliment you on outside of their world is things that the Narciss is already fully aware of and they have been trying to play down those qualities, talents and traits, making you believe that they don't exist or they're not as good as you think they are. They went through all of the effort to do that because they're extremely envious of what you possess, that's why they have to treat you with contempt as though you are worthless or beneath their consideration and they will get all of the fly monkeys to treat you the exact same way because they're just as envious and jealous as a Narciss, they bond over their envy and jealousy towards you, they bond over treating you with contempt and plotting your destruction because they all feel the exact same way about you, they can't stand it when they see someone giving you positive attention or compliment. The worst part is when they see you reacting to it and you're smiling or they can see that it's giving you satisfaction, they don't want to see you smiling or being happy, they want to see you being miserable like they are and they will do whatever it takes to separate you from that person, devalue you to them or devalue them to you, they just don't want to see you around anyone who likes you or sees you in a positive light because they are pathologically envious and jealous, they will even create orchestrations which give them the ability to project their emotions onto you, this could be an orchestration where they might get you to witness someone complimenting them or witness them complimenting someone else, this is designed to get you to feel the way that they feel, Narciss don't self reflect or look within, they don't acknowledge or try to resolve the emotions that they feel, instead they choose to project their emotions onto someone else so they can express them, it temporarily relieves them of their pain or emotional distress so they will try to create orchestrations which give them the ability to project their emotions onto you, but as I've said in a previous video, if you want to know what the Narciss is envious or jealous of, pay attention to what they are displaying to you, they will express it at some point, they can only hold these emotions in for a certain amount of time, they already believe that you are better than them or above them, they've done everything they can to destroy that true reality and create their own world, a world where you are not good enough, worthless or beneath their consideration, a world where all of their fly monkeys see you the exact same way, the last thing they want is for someone to come along to remind you and remind them that you are so much more than they have led you to believe, they want to keep you in a state where you will constantly doubt your abilities or question in your appearance, because deep down they know the truth, that you are an attractive capable person with many good qualities, talents and traits, but they want to create this fake world where none of that is true and everyone has to go by their false narrative of how they want you to be perceived, they might test the effectiveness of their programming by randomly complimenting you or getting someone else to compliment you, just to see how you react to it, if you react to it as though you don't really believe it and you don't feel worthy or deserving of that compliment, they will be satisfied, they will believe that their programming is working on you, it's all designed to target your self-esteem and make you believe that you're worthless and insignificant, it's to prevent any potential narcissistic injuries and regulate their pathological envy and jealousy, if they see you responding positively to a compliment as though you believe what they're telling you, they will recognize that their programming is not working, it will cause a narcissistic injury and possibly narcissistic rage, they will try to keep you away from anyone who might remind you of who you really are, anyone who might compliment you or give you positive attention because they don't want you to know how great you are, they want you to accept their dictations and allow them to define you so they can control you and keep you on a box, by the end of the day they will probably give you put downs or backhand compliments or use gaslighting or projection, whatever it takes to get you to start down yourself, your appearance or your abilities, they do not want you to believe that you are an attractive person or capable person because then that makes it very difficult for them to control you, it makes it very difficult for them to keep you in the box, if they can make you believe that you are unattractive, you're not going to have the confidence to develop new relationships or social circles, if they can make you believe that you are incapable, you're not going to bother applying for new jobs or starting a new hobby or interest, it's all designed to control you and keep you in the box, it's designed to isolate you so they can keep you all to themselves and you will believe that that's all you're worthy or deserving of, they want to make you believe that you do not deserve any better than them, you do not deserve to be treated any different than how they treat you, when the reality is very different because you are actually an attractive capable person, they just don't want you to know that. Thank you for watching, I hope this video resonated with you, please like, comment, share and subscribe, click the bell icon to receive notifications for all my future videos, if you would like to donate, my paypal link is in the video description, coaching enquiries you can email me at narksfiverrcoaching at gmail.com, we have a private reddit community where survivors and frivers can share their experiences and knowledge, if you are interested in being a part of this community you can sign up through our page on page, the link is in the video description, check out the narksfiverrmoosh.store where you can purchase your own narksfiver t-shirt or mug, we have a variety of designs and it is a great way to support the channel, the link to our narksfiverrmoosh.store is in the video description, thank you for watching and I will talk to you soon.


Hello there everyone, welcome. This is Melissa Arma with the Stock Squishin' and Reviewing Apple. This was the Stock Squish Show Play of the Day today and man, did it work out beautifully. But it did take all day. So while I'm known for fast trades and fast trading and doing shorts and shorts usually go quickly, that was not the case with this today. Not at all. But it definitely paid off. It definitely paid off. So let's take a look at it. First of all, Gap Down, Apple Bizarreans, closed the night before at 191.17, boom. Open in the morning. Open at 185.52, then it rallied. We actually did an ad, oops, let me get this. It actually did, we did an ad in this today which also really paid off. And I was patient with this, really super patient. Open, rallied, we got it, got the drop. Then I said we could do the ad. We're still early enough, but it really didn't break down. Actually it was like around 130, 145. And of course the market fell too. So while we were up in this train for a long, long, long, long time, the profit, the real profit didn't come until late in the afternoon, really pretty much into three o'clock. And you could have even held this into the close. So I had 100% conviction, I stayed with this. Some people got out quick in the morning when it dropped in here and you could have made money, you could have made like a dollar plus in there from where we did it. I also called a put in this, which was really, really good and you could have got out of it or you could still be in it. Look at the volume here in this today, wow. So again, I really liked this gap, but unfortunately this morning, initially the market was up, the market was tried to rally, it did rally at one point. And so it held this up from falling off a cliff. I'm glad we got it. It was a beautiful, beautiful trade. The ad helped and ad is something where I'm adding to a position, keeping the stop at the original place. Now we did lower this at one point, but still it was at the original placement, which means you're basically taking double the risk or two trades in one. I only do that if I really, really love it. I love the gap rating that that's of course how I make my picks. I rated this gap on Apple using my 26 point rating system. And that's how I made the determination today that this was a gap to short and I was right. Just took all day, just took all day, but it was really worth it to hold it. So we will see where we go next week in this market. Very interesting times. If you're interested in more information or signing up for the Golden Gap course, email me and Melissa at thestockswish.com. Have a great day.


Hello, everyone. Happy to be with you here today. Hope you are enjoying it with Wikimanias this year. I'm going to present to Cusgella that this is our project of past Wikipedia, West Wikimedia and its user group is running. It's about free pedagogical videos in past Wikipedia, but any Wikipedia can adopt this actually because it's free and it's in comments. My popper center should be under Bolivar, but he's recording more videos for this project today. So he can be here. Sorry for that. But I will present later what we are doing. Next, please. So, Cusgella, well, it's a pun in Basque. Cusgella means learning room, like classroom, and Cus means watch. So it will be like watching room. It's a pun that because we have learned that lots of students are searching for knowledge on video platforms, not Wikipedia. They are searching for videos mostly in YouTube. There is a search in pedagogical and Spanish and videos. There are a lot of videos about this and some international good examples would be like Cannacademy or Crash Courses. But this continues until I go to Basque. In most of the languages of the world, mostly in English and other languages, and most is not free. There are some good open education resources that are free, but most of them are not free. So we've had to do something, or we needed to do something in Basque and free. Next, please. So three years ago, Iroda Macho, that is our partner in this project, is a communication cooperative. Erta Grant on digital humanities. It's a grant we are giving in the Basque media user group to research on digital humanities. And they made an exploratory document on pedagogical videos. What there is, what there should be, how we should focus on that in Basque. And they presented it to Bideo, that is a multimedia incubator in the Basque country. And there is another grant there to develop more. They made the first video, that was kind of presentation. And with that, it will be possible to export back to different institutions. And so it has been like a three years project since until we have the start. Next, please. So the Basque media user group presented it to the Basque government. And they were interested. They felt like there is a lot of material that are being made, but most of the students are not accessing to this kind of matters to ask. So they wanted to make something with that. And they asked us to make five different kind of videos to test topics. And we partnered with Iluda Macho, that is our partner in all the project. And we made five videos that were of different kind of topics and methods like animations, cartoons, YouTuber or explanation videos or different kind of things to see what it would be possible to do. And finally, the Basque government gave us 100,000 euros a year for two years for working on the videos and starting the project. But more than half of the budget goes on hardware expenses like workers and social security and this kind of things. So there is not a bigger space for three videos, actually. So we are trying to get other patterns to make more videos once the hardware expenses are covered because videos are extremely expensive. And that's one of the main problems with this kind of project. But once they are made, they are free. So it's easier to make. Next, please. So the first videos we made were about some philosophers. I will explain later why. And I would like to show you a short introduction of the video of Canada. It's like seven minutes long, but then we will see like the first two or three minutes.  And this year, for the first time, there were two women philosophers that were Simon de Beauvoir and Henry Arendt. So we started with them to make some materials that were available in the very first year. These philosophers will be in the exam for the university. We have other philosophers, all of them are male, and we are going to start with them in September. And we are also planning some other videos like Daily Economy. This is what Ander is recording today. We will be with a YouTuber in a very different format, like things that you must know in economy, like for everyday living. And there is a project that is universal history and we are trying to make some content that is in Creative Commons in another video platform but it will be in Basque. And also there are some videos on Basque Literature and these are done with another grant we get from the boundaries for making materials for schools. Later, we will go with biology, ecology. We are talking with the biologists about this. Other topics like music or some other ideas. And the interesting thing here is that everything is made from Thomas and it's the most difficult part. So we have to be very careful what we upload but the project will be reusable for everyone. So please next slide. In the way we were asked that it will be interesting to have some videos about maths and physics with explanation and help us on problems because people who is working in the government in education, they have learned that there are a lot of students especially after the pandemic that are regularly accessing videos about explanations and have to solve equations and these kind of things. But luckily enough, there is another group in Basque that is working on that, it's called Hack in Doon and they have around 400 videos on these topics like teachers just solving equations and explaining how they do it. So we partnered with them and they were quite difficult that we were able to do. They were quite difficult at the first time because some teachers were hesitant about how are these videos going to be used later but now we are partnering. All the videos are free and there is a link there. I don't know if it's possible to leave it there to the link in the last sentence. Okay, so this goes to the Wikipedia article about linear functions and you can see there on the right side that there is a video of a teacher explaining that and if you navigate to the very bottom of the article you will also have some other examples of how to do that how to solve that. So we have added videos to around 150 to 200 articles of physics and chemistry. This is not part of the Cusgella project but it's something that we are doing because we were requested to search for that and it's done and now it's free. It's in commons and it's solicited in commons so it's possible for others to write that. Return to the slides please. Okay, next one. Okay, so you can see all the videos at commons in the category that is called Cusgella. You have there all the videos we are uploading. Now there are only two but there will be more in some months. The other videos are called Category Hacking Do. You will find it in the slides. All the videos are there. It will be there in commons. One of our next steps will be trying to make them without language so they can be dubbed in other languages and free upload where it wants to do that because the more expensive part is doing the video. Dabbing is expensive but not so much and it can be done by volunteers easier. So we hope to have these videos also without voice but with sound effects in the next months and we will reuse them for everyone. So that's it. The presentation, I think there is a time for questions. I hope you enjoyed it and any questions you have, we are available on Wiki or Telegram or whatever you want. Thanks.


Hello, Myself Arya Arnade. I did score 206 marks in civil service personality test 2019. Regarding the interview preparation, I had a very warm experience with Shankar IS Academy. The special thing about Shankar's is the home lake experience you receive from the staff and property here. Also, they are very responsive to the needs of aspirants, be it with the peer mobs or the constitution of mock interview panels. Very many thanks to Rajidha ma'am and Lena ma'am who had been great support during the interview preparation. Rajidha ma'am helped me with the staff profiling and Lena ma'am was very supportive. And we take out time from her busy schedule to make a call on my interview day to encourage how the interview went. And regarding the preparations for the interview, I don't think since I am extraordinary I could back at 206.  So prepare very well, especially with the staff and be the best version of yourself in front of the interview board. All the very best to all aspirants appearing for the service personality test 2020. Thank you.