All right. Welcome back. My students are so good. They came and sat down before the break itself got over. All right. So we'll start off with the doctrine of the church. This is some of one doctrine that we are all very familiar with because we all sincerely attend church. We are all actively involved in our churches. So in fact, this doctrine should be very easy to understand because we are already practicing the things which are taught in this doctrine. So what exactly does that word church where it is used in the New Testament? What does it mean? It's the Greek word ecclesia and it refers to a gathering of people. This is a term which was used in the Roman cities of that time where people who had citizenship rights would gather together in a political assembly. They would all gather together in a hall to decide matters of administration, to decide regarding election of leaders. So those who have citizenship rights, such people would gather together in an ecclesia, in an assembly and they would take important decisions in that ecclesia gathering. So the New Testament apostles took that term and they began to use it for the gathering of the believers. It's quite interesting, isn't it? I mean, the ecclesia of that time back in that society referred to people who are important. The guy walking down the road would never be allowed inside the ecclesia gathering. He's just somebody, he's a nobody. It's the important people, those with status. They are the ones who would come together in a gathering and the gathering would be called an assembly or an ecclesia and important decisions would be taken there. That is what the church is when it comes to the spiritual realm. We are not just somebody walking down the road. We are God's chosen people. You know, we came across that verse a little earlier in our previous session. We are His chosen people, a royal generation. So that is who we are. So we come together, we gather together as an assembly, as an ecclesia and there are divine things which happen in our gatherings. It's not just at least the ecclesia of that time was just a human gathering where humans would give their ideas and the outcome would be human. But here in these gatherings that we gather in, that we believers gather in as God's royal chosen people the things which take place can change heaven and earth. It can have great impact in the spiritual realm. So let us not take the gathering of believers lightly. Of course, I mean, most of us do treat going to church as something honorable but sometimes we don't take our little cell groups very seriously. That too is an ecclesia. It's a gathering of believers and if you are sincere in the way you run your cell group, great things can be achieved. You can make an actual difference in the spiritual realm because you are not just a gathering of random people.  So any gathering of believers can be very powerful. Sometimes when we have our prayer meetings and you literally have three people who come for the meeting. I mean, you've been announcing the meeting for one month. Finally on that day when the prayer meeting takes place, you just have three people coming. But remember, this is an ecclesia. It's a gathering of God's people and there is great power when God's people gather together to talk about his works, to talk about his word and to take decisions regarding his kingdom. So this great power, let us never forget what the ecclesia is. It's not just some place that you go to attend, you know, the church service on Sunday. It's much more than that. It is the assembly of believers. So there are four main functions which God has given to the church, to this assembly of believers. So there are four responsibilities that God has given to the ecclesia. The first one of course, you know, if I were to ask you to guess, you would obviously know it, evangelism. So one of the main important functions which has been given to us is evangelism. We are the ecclesia. We are expected to go out and make disciples. And we have been given, you know, divine assistance in doing this. God has given us those nine gifts of the Spirit. Of course, there are some gifts which we can only use inside the church, such as maybe speaking in tongues. But the other gifts, you know, we can use them to go out and make disciples. So what are the nine gifts which we find in 1 Corinthians chapter 12 verses 7 to 11? It talks about message of wisdom. It talks about message of knowledge. It talks about gifts of healing, prophecy, distinguishing between spirits. These are the gifts which are being talked about. And you can actually use these in going out and making disciples. For instance, if you know someone who is not well, you know, in your apartment and you know that person personally, you can say, you know, in our church we believe very strongly in the power of prayer. So can I come to your place and, you know, just spend some time with you and then, you know, we can pray to God and we can claim what Jesus has offered us healing. So you would not use any spiritual words, but you would just say, you know, that Jesus is offering healing to those who require healing because of what He did on the cross. So I want to come to your house and claim that for you. Something as simple as that, you know. And so you would be using a gift to help that person see that Jesus is a living God. I'm reminded of a recent example, you know, which one of my friends was giving. She went to the parlor to have a haircut. So they were just chatting about this and that. There were no other people in the parlor and she kept sensing in her heart that this person is going through very, very painful and distressing times. So finally she opened her mouth and she said, you know, I'm just sensing that you're actually going through a lot of difficult things. I'm a Christian.  So you just told that and then they began to talk about some of the issues which that person was going through. And now she's in regular touch with that person. So you see, she used a word of knowledge which God had impressed upon her heart. She did not know that lady was going through serious issues, but God put that knowledge in her heart and she shared that with that lady. And now that lady is now open to hearing about the gospel. So a word of prophecy. You know, these are things that we can use to go out and make disciples. So this is a function. This is a duty, a responsibility that is given to everyone in the Ecclesia, in the assembly of believers. We are all expected to use these gifts and go out and make disciples. The second function, the second role is edification. The church is supposed to edify the believers who are attending that church so that everyone in that church can become Christ-like. Because it says, you know, in that Matthew 28 Great Commission, it says, go and make disciples of all nations, teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. So it's not enough to just simply share the gospel message. We are also supposed to teach them everything, not just, you know, a little bit about miracles and healings, but everything. We are supposed to teach them everything that Jesus has commanded so that they will become true followers of Jesus. So edification is something that we are supposed to do for all the people in the congregation. And this is not the responsibility of just the pastor or just the main leaders.  So I'm assuming at that time you would have covered these things in great detail. So this is just a reminder. You cannot sit back and say, oh, okay, then let the leaders edify the believers. It is also your personal responsibility to participate in that edification process. You have to use your giftings, whatever has been given to you for the benefit of the rest of the congregation. So it may not be possible for you to do that during the Sunday service, but in the cell groups, it is possible for us to minister to one another and edify one another. So when you were covering that course on the Holy Spirit, you would have talked about the three kinds of gifts which are available. So we talked, you know, just a little while ago about the nine gifts. Those are called your common gifts which are given to every single believer. Every single believer will have these nine gifts. They are the common gifts of the Spirit and they are written down in 1 Corinthians 12 verses 7 to 11. But there's another kind of gifts which will be your role or function gifts. God has a specific role for you in His Ecclesia. You know, when you go to that assembly of believers, you're not supposed to sit over there as audience. You also have something to contribute. God has a role for you. So there'll be certain giftings which He has bestowed upon you, which you will be really good at. Others may not be as good at those particular gifts as you. So you use whatever gifts God has given you specifically to benefit the entire church. That is your contribution towards God, that is your contribution towards the church and towards the believers so that they will be blessed in some way or the other. So the membership gifts, you know, the role and function gifts which we have, that is outlined in Romans chapter 12 verses 6 to 8. Maybe we can actually read out some of those verses. Romans chapter 12, if you could read out all the way from verse 4 up to verse 8. Romans 12, 4 to 8, if someone could read out please. For as we have many members in one body, but all the members do not have the same function. So we, being many, are one body in Christ and individually members of one another. Having then gifts differing according to the grace that is given to us, let us use them. If prophecy, it is prophesied in proportion to our faith. Or ministry, let us use it in our ministry. He who teaches in teaching, he who exhorts in exhortation, he who gives with liberality, he who leads with diligence, he who shows mercy with cheerfulness. So here just some of the membership gifts are mentioned. This is not a very detailed list. There are so many gifts which God gives his people. So some of us are really good when it comes to administrative tasks. So we can actually use those administrative giftings to maybe help the church in some way or the other. Some of us have this gift of mercy. I mean all of us as believers are supposed to be merciful and kind, but some people have this compassionate heart. They really care for those who are struggling. The heart goes out to them. They can really use their giftings to be such a blessing to edify those people who are in a time of need. So for somebody they're gifting maybe a gifting of hospitality. They can use this gifting which they have to invite people to their home, help them to have a good time and maybe even talk about the gospel. Share a little bit about the gospel. So whatever giftings have been used, have been given to you personally, you choose to use those giftings to edify people, to build up people. So it's not just the pastor's responsibility or the main leader's responsibility to edify the believers. Every one of us has got something to contribute. So when we sit in the main Sunday service, it's very easy to forget. So we just kind of think, okay, the people on the stage, it is their responsibility. They are the ones who have to edify all of us. And yes, to an extent, it's true. I mean, in the sense on a Sunday during the service, there's not much that you can do, except maybe say hi to the person sitting next to you. But when we meet informally in smaller gatherings, never ever forget. You have not gone there to that assembly as an audience. You are going over there to contribute something to the others because it says in Romans chapter 12 verse 7. So in Christ we though many form one body and each member belongs to all the others. We have this idea, you know, if I'm going to the cell group, I'm going over there to gain something from the cell group and come home. But no, you belong to all the others.  What do I care about the legs? What do I care about the head, the eyes? That would be a very silly attitude for my hand to take. My hand belongs to the rest of the body. Whatever my hand can do for the rest of the body. It needs to do because the rest of the body is depending on the hand to do its part. So always remember when you go to a smaller gathering, you know, an informal gathering where everyone can have a participation. Always go there with this prayer in your heart saying, Lord, help me to be a blessing to someone in this group today. When you consciously take a step and, you know, go with that attitude, God will create opportunities for you to serve those around you in some way or the other. Because that eagerness is there in your heart, God will satisfy that desire of yours. On the other hand, if you have no interest, then, you know, even the Lord may wait for you to gain interest. So we can be of service to the others. We belong to all the other members and they belong to us. So we are supposed to actively help each other, edify each other and enable each other to grow. It was in a cell group system that I grew up. If I had not gone to a cell group, I probably would have never ever grown in God, ever. It was in that cell group, you know, long ago, very, very long ago. It was in that cell group where, you know, people tried to invest in my life and they encouraged me to start investing in their lives. And I was like, what do I contribute? I mean, I have nothing to contribute. What do I know was my attitude. But they said, no, you go home, you pray this whole week. Next week when you come back to the cell group, God will give you something to offer to the rest of us. You come and you offer that to us. They encouraged me and helped me to realize that even I have certain membership gifts and I can use them to be a blessing to the rest. So we have to be actively aware of this fact that nobody in the Ecclesia is audience. We are all meant to be active participants and we all have something to contribute. There is no believer on this earth to whom God has not given a grace gifting. We all have some kind of a role of functional gift which we can use to benefit others. So in fact, you have these questionnaires. Have you guys ever done that? No, you have these questionnaires where you tick and find out which are your main giftings. You have done that. Yes. So that will help you to become aware of what are the giftings that God has given you. I mean, there may be others also, but at least that will give you a starting point. You will become aware. I am better at these particular gifts and you can start using them to be a blessing to the church. So when the members of the church start exercising their gifts, they are not very experienced. In the beginning when I first tried to exercise my gifts and be a blessing to the other people in the cell group, I didn't always succeed. I didn't have experience. I didn't really know how to do it. And then the leaders sat down with me. They explained to me how I can do it better, how I can change the way I am doing certain things. So they gave me advice, they gave me counsel and that was a big help. So when it talks about the five-fold ministers, which is the third kind of giftings, you have the full-time ministers that is mentioned in Ephesians chapter 4 verses 11 to 13. Yeah, let's read that and then we'll get to our point. If someone could read out for us, Ephesians chapter 4, 11 to 13. Ephesians chapter 4 verse 11, Yes. So of course, this is something that you would have covered in your Holy Spirit course, but just to remind ourselves about this, it says so plainly in Ephesians chapter 4, it says that these full-time ministers have been given these full-time ministry gifts with a purpose. There's a goal why God gave these people these particular giftings. The ones who are full-time apostles, the ones who are full-time prophets, the ones who are full-time evangelists, they have been given this gifting. It says in Ephesians 4, 12 to equip his people for the works of service. And why should these people be equipped for the works of service so that all of us together can become mature, attaining to the whole measure of the fullness of Christ. So these people who are in full-time ministry cannot approach everyone, cannot disciple everybody, cannot minister to all the believers in the church. They need the help of all the believers participating and contributing and partnering in this work. Otherwise, that entire church will not be able to become mature, attaining to the whole measure of the fullness of Christ. So these people who are in full-time ministry, they give advice and they give counsel to those who are exercising gifts which are similar to their gift. For instance, if a person in the congregation has a gift of a postal ship. Now that man has not been called to full-time ministry, he's never going to go into all the villages and plant churches over there. He has been called by God, let us say, to be a businessman. So he runs a business. But this is a gifting which he has where he's able to bring people together, share the gospel with them and see them actually get saved. He just has this ability in him. So when a full-time apostle in the church recognizes this church member as having that gifting, he goes up to him and says, brother, I can see this gifting in you.  So if that cell group keeps growing in size, you will have to divide it into two cell groups. So brother, you seem to be having a real gifting of a postal ship. Let me give you some useful tips on how you can develop these people, mentor these people, how you can make your group grow. So this full-time apostle who has got more experience in this field starts equipping this businessman in using his membership gift to really benefit the kingdom of God in the same way. If somebody in the church is really moving very accurately in the gift of prophecy, then someone who is a full-time prophet needs to come to this person and say, you know, brother, I can see that the way you prophesy, it's really from God. There's such accuracy in what you say. I can help you in developing this gift further. There are some things which you can do, spend more time with God. These are some of the things that you can do to develop your gifting, to grow more in God. So that person sits with this member and helps them to develop their membership gifting. So it's the members who are being equipped in different ways to do the work of ministry. The full-time ministers, they can't really approach many people. I mean, because there's only 24 hours in a day. And in fact, we have to sleep for at least seven hours. So many hours get wasted in all of that. So there's very less that the full-time ministers can do on their own. But one thing that they can do is they can keep, they can look at all their members, all their congregation and start recognizing the gifts which these valuable people are carrying and go to them and encourage them and help them to move in their giftings. If people had not personally invested in me in the cell group, I would never have become who I am today. They recognize the gifts that are there in me. They said, see, you're good in these things. You need to start using these things for God. Because of them, I began to change. I began to grow. I actually began to contribute something towards God's Ecclesia. So the full-time ministers, they try to equip the people for works of service so that all the body of Christ can together be built up and become mature, attaining to the whole measure of the fullness of Christ. So the main point that we are trying to make over here is that every single person in the Ecclesia has got functional roles. We all have membership gifts which God is expecting us to use. We can't sit back and say, I am the audience. None of us has been given the right to do that. So the first function of the Ecclesia is evangelism. The second thing, we all are expected to edify one another. We are expected to contribute towards building up the church. A third main function of the church is worship. Now the term worship has been narrowed down so much in our modern times that when we think of the word worship, we only think about people standing, lifting up their hands and singing. But worship is so much more than that. Let's look at some scriptures. 1 Corinthians chapter 14 verse 26. 1 Corinthians 14 verse 26. 1 Corinthians verse 14 verse 26. How is it then, brethren, whenever you come together, each of you has a sham, has a teaching, has a tongue, has a revelation, has an interpretation, let all things be done for edification. So worship happens when this Ecclesia, this assembly of people come together, of assembly of God's people come together and they start ministering to each other under God's divine direction. So actually there's worship happening over there. They may sing a few songs, but they are ministering in so many other ways. There's one person who is reminding everyone about a hymn, which talks about maybe some aspect of God. So everyone listens to the hymn, they meditate on the hymn, they sing it together and everyone comes up with a word of instruction. They say, you know what the Lord seems is really impressing this upon my heart. I think we as a group need to be doing this. We lack in this area and God is saying that we need to, you know, back up in this area. We need to, you know, change our ways. Another person may have a revelation. They may say, you know, God is laying on my heart that, you know, this is probably going to happen in the near future. We need to prepare ourselves as a church for this thing which is going to take place. How prepared are we? What steps can we take? Another person may have may have a tongue or an interpretation. So even as all these believers start ministering to each other in this informal setting, worship is taking place. That is worship. So yes, singing to the Lord is worship. Meditating on the words of the song, even as you're singing, that is worship. But this is also worship because in the early church, worship was not, you know, singing to a band. They did sing, but they did so many other things as well, all of which were part of their worship. So we see the same thing being repeated again in Ephesians chapter 5 verse 19. Someone could read out for us. Ephesians 5 verse 19. Ephesians chapter 5 verse 19. Yeah. So over here, I mean, this is something that we've touched upon, I think in one of our previous classes. In those days, just to be able to remember things better, they used to take spiritual teachings, spiritual truths and compose them into a poem or compose them into a song. So it could be easier to memorize. It could be easier to remember. So when the people gather together, they sing these songs to each other. They sing these teachings to each other. You know, they would quote these things to each other. So together they're reflecting upon what God has said, what God has done and together they are worshiping Him. So this is another form of worship which can take place in an informal setting. And when people gather together and worship in this manner, where they are, you know, deliberately trying to edify one another and help one another and glorify God in the process, God does something, things happen. An example that we see is in Acts chapter 13 verses 2 to 3. If someone could read out, Acts chapter 13 verses 2 to 3. Acts chapter 13 verse 2, As they ministered to the Lord and fasted, the Holy Spirit said, Now, separate to me, burn us and soul for the work to which I have called them, then having fasted and prayed and laid hands on them, they sent them away. Now look here in this particular chapter. They had not gathered together to have a missions talk. It is not a missions planning committee. They had just simply gathered together to worship God, to minister to Him, to fast and pray.  I have a plan in mind. Please set apart these two persons and there's a mission trip that you guys need to do. When an Ecclesia, a gathering of believers, gathers together and focuses on God and honoring Him and focuses on ministering to one another and edifying one another, when that process is going on, God will move that group to take certain actions. He will show them what they need to do, the steps that He wants them to take. So God acts in an environment of worship where people are focusing on Him, on honoring Him and also focusing on building each other up in the Lord. So God is honored and in that environment, God comes forward and shows that group what they can do for Him, what they can achieve for Him. So these are all things that we can actually try out in our informal small groups. So we talked about three functions of the Ecclesia. There's a fourth function and that would be the function of social concern. The church is not supposed to be selfish, self-focused and self-centered. We are supposed to be others focused. So we see many examples of this in the Book of Acts. In the Book of Acts, the people were never really just thinking about themselves and their church. They were always trying to serve someone, help someone, assist someone. So we have lots of examples of that. In Acts chapter 6 verse 1, which is more the more familiar example, they were trying to help the widows by providing them with food. So this is something that they were actively doing. They were showing social concern by having this food grocery, maybe grocery distribution project probably. They would give out certain amount of groceries to widows who have absolutely no other form of support. So this was something that they were doing. Another example would be this lady, Tabitha, in Acts chapter 9. The widows, they say to Peter that this person, this lady, has always been stitching clothes for them, has been helping them. It says in Acts 9, 36, she was always doing good and helping the poor. So one very, very important function of the church is that we should be serving the community in some way or the other, where we are a blessing and where we are salt and light for the people around us. They are living a very dark life. They are living under the slavery of sin and Satan. So we can be like light. We are meant to be the salt, which can brighten up their lives in some way based on how our God guides us. So that's another example. And of course we have Jesus' own words in Matthew 25, 35 to 36, where he says that if somebody is hungry, then we should give them something to eat because that will be equal to giving him something to eat. And if someone is thirsty and if you give them something to drink, it's like as if you're giving God himself that food or that water. So by being nice to people, you're in fact showing your love for God himself. So that is why in Matthew 25, 45, Jesus says that he would reply and say, truly I tell you, whatever you did, whatever you did not do for one of the least of these, you did not do for me. So we are meant to be serving others so that God is glorified and you are good deeds. So those are the four functions of the Ecclesia. Let's look at some of the sacraments of the church. That's just a fancy word which means what are some basic practices which Jesus commanded that the church should always do. So there are two main practices which Jesus said we must observe those two practices. One of course is baptism and the other is the Lord's Supper. So let's look at, you know, I mean we are very, very familiar of course with these concepts but just let's look at a few scriptures which talk about these things. So first maybe we can talk about baptism and then we will look at the Lord's Supper. The reason that Jesus asked us to observe these two practices is so that what Jesus has achieved on the cross for us the power which, you know, has been released on the cross for us it can become ours that power can become ours when we participate in these practices. So we are not doing these practices just for the fun of it. We are doing these practices so that by doing these practices we can access the power of the cross. So it's very meaningful. We are not just simply doing these practices because you know it's a good thing to do though of course we are doing it out of obedience. We are also doing these two practices but because by doing these practices we are able to gain access to the power of the cross. We are able to gain access to what Christ has done on the cross for us. So these are two very meaningful practices. So coming to water baptism some three points are there I think in your notes regarding this. Alright, so fine. Let's look at Matthew chapter 3 verses 5 to 6 which will give us some background actually. Matthew 3, 5 to 6. Matthew chapter 3, 5 to 6. Then Jerusalem and all Judea and all the reason about the Jordan were going out to him and they were baptized by him in the river Jordan confessing their sins. That should be enough. It says here in Matthew chapter 3 verse 6 confessing their sins they were baptized by John the Baptist. So one reason that baptism is done is so that you can publicly declare and say I am now repenting of my past. No longer will I be living in the way I used to live in sin. So now I am turning my back on all of that. So it's like a public confession. So baptism one aspect of water baptism is that we do it so that we can publicly declare and say I am a follower of Jesus. I have turned my back on the past. I have repented of those sins. I will no longer walk in them. So it's like a public declaration that you're making and you're repenting of your sins. Another aspect of baptism is that we do it out of obedience and the example that we're always given regarding this is the example of Jesus getting baptized. So Matthew chapter 3 verses 13 to 15 if someone could read out. Matthew 3, 13 to 15. Matthew chapter 3, 13 to 15. Then Jesus came from Galilee to the Jordan to John to be baptized by him. John word have prevented him saying I need to be baptized by you and do you came to me but Jesus answered him let it be so now for those it is fitting for us to fulfill all righteousness then he considered. All right. So here in Matthew chapter 3 verses 13 to 15 Jesus comes to John the Baptist. You know the people from all over the Judea are coming here to John the Baptist to get baptized. So one day Jesus also comes to get baptized. So John says to him you know how on earth can I baptize you?  So this is an act of righteousness is an act of obedience. So in the same way everyone else is undergoing this water baptism ceremony. God requires me also to be doing this. So it is proper for me to fulfill even this particular work of righteousness. And so when Jesus explains that to John the Baptist John the Baptist agrees to baptize him. So we do it as an act of obedience. We also do it to demonstrate our repentance. A third thing that we need to remember regarding water baptism that would be act chapter 2 verse 38. Someone could read out acts 238. Acts chapter 2 verse 38. Then Peter said to them depend and let everyone of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the remissions of sins and you shall receive the gifts of the Holy Spirit. Yeah, so the third principle would be that water baptism is always done in the name of Jesus Christ. That basically means by the authority of Jesus Christ in his name by his authority you're doing the baptizing. So therefore the pastor or the leader who is doing the baptism these are the wordings that they generally use. You know they say in Jesus name I baptize you. So they're basically saying by the authority which Jesus has given I am now formally baptizing you. So baptism is always done in the name of Jesus in the sense by the authority which that name carries because he has authorized it that person is now doing the baptism ceremony for one of the believers. And the other aspect which we very strongly hold on to is that baptism has to be immersion baptism in water. Acts chapter 8 verses 36 to 38 if someone could read out acts 8 36 to 38. Now as they went down the road they came to some water and the Inuk said see here is water what hinders me from being baptized. Then Philip said if you believe with all your heart you may. And he answered and said I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God. So he commanded the chariot to stand still and both Philip and the Inuk went down into the water and he baptized them. So when Philip says to the Inuk let's go down to the water and you need to get baptized. The Inuk is not surprised or shocked or anything because I am in this whole ceremony of baptism was something very familiar that they were very familiar with in those days because usually a rabbi a teacher who is teaching people spiritual truths he would disciple them for some time and then those people they would say we are willing to get baptized. So then that rabbi the teacher he would basically baptize them and it would be like a public declaration in front of everyone saying this person has now decided to choose the spiritual path. And so now this person is going to start learning how to honor God under the leadership of this rabbi of this teacher. So you had a lot of people in those days doing this the baptism ceremony was not something very new it was something that they were very familiar with. So now when Philip says to this Inuk you need to get baptized the Inuk would have understood what Philip is saying Philip is basically saying now onwards you're going to be making a public declaration and saying that no longer will I be living the way I used to live earlier publicly I'm repenting of my past of my sins and I'm willing to place myself not under a human rabbi under Jesus the ultimate rabbi. So because up to them you know people got baptized to become disciples of a human teacher and that teacher would teach them the things of God and that person would teach them how to honor God and it was done that way. But now you have the ultimate teacher who has come and that is Jesus the rabbi. So this Inuk now realizes that by doing this baptism ceremony he's not just going to become the disciple of Philip he's going to become the disciple of Jesus and so you know it would have involved some effort I mean he would have had to take off his outer clothes and get into the water along with Philip and the baptism is done and so then that that time onwards publicly has declared that he is now a follower of Jesus.   Like what about this? Yeah, I mean these are things which were first introduced in the Roman Catholic Church and then later even the Protestant Church I mean kind of took it up from there for them three things are very very important one is the the wafer and the the grape juice so that is something that they would need to have the second is penance and the third is infant baptism. So these three things make you part of the family of God that was the belief system that they had and so then later when many people came out of the Catholic Church and they joined Martin Luther and Calvin and all of these reformers and they became Protestants some of them continued those practices which is how through the generations those systems and customs have come down to us today but basically if you are saying that by child baptism you are becoming a child of God that does not make sense doctrinally because we know according to the scriptures that something very divine happens that person is old enough to make a decision and they say I will no longer be in sin and so that sinful fallen spirit being gets transformed in that moment into a new living spirit that does not happen when somebody sprinkles water on a baby there's no divine transformation happening inside because the child doesn't even know what's going on so it can be done maybe as a custom but it will not hold any spiritual significance so those three things of taking the wafer and the wine and penance and the third one of child baptism the Roman Catholic Church of that day declared and said that if you do those three things under the direction of some ordained person then you become a part of God's family but there's no doctrinal backing for that so today we would say that it has no spiritual significance say if a baby is baptized there's no spiritual significance to it but if you're just doing it as a custom because that's there as part of your church system it's just a nice system maybe you can consider it a kind of dedication saying the parents are dedicating their child to the Lord but then later they would have to tell that child how exactly to gain salvation that sprinkling of the water by itself has not made any spiritual change inside the child so yeah question that arises is because in an instance where there is a child death or an infant death before the baptism or before he convinces the Jesus's Lord and things so yeah so we talked about that when you were looking at that age of accountability until that child is old enough to understand what is right or wrong you know that child is covered by the work of Jesus on the cross so because the child is still not old enough to understand what is right and wrong and make a commitment and say oh I have been sinning so now I'm going to change the child is not even old enough to understand that he or she is sinning so all such children would come under the covering of the work of Jesus Christ so this human ceremony of water being sprinkled on them will not have a spiritual significance in that sense alright so the bell has gone off so we need to conclude we will continue and complete the sacraments of the church next class so let's close with the word of prayer but we just thank you so much for the things that we could learn today both regarding sanctification and regarding our role in the church we pray that you would help us to continue to constantly throw away the things which are displeasing and grow in you so that Lord we can also be actively involved in your church and become a blessing to the people around us and by doing that we will be able to fulfill the goal and the plan which you have for our lives help us a lot to live in this manner thank you Lord in Jesus name amen


This 2012 Ram 3500 Crew Cab Long Box Dual-Re-Wheel is stock number 12361Z. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used heavy-duty truck and Ram headquarters. This 2012 Ram 3500 Big Horn has the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel. This truck has been fully safety and inspected per the state of Wisconsin inspection process. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this truck is 100% ready to go. Mineral gray metallic is the color and we shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, smartphone, or television, I highly recommend turning them on right now because it is your best way to check out the quality, condition, and options of the truck before seeing it in person. And if you like the video and want to subscribe to our YouTube channel where we do videos of our new and used inventory each and every day here at Summit Auto in the upper right hand part of the screen is a subscribe button. Click that and then click the bell notifications and you'll get updates every time we do a video here at Summit Auto. And then you can watch all the great trucks that come through our inventory each and every day comes with the Alcoa polished aluminum rims. They're in excellent shape, look really good, and it has brand new basically. General grabber LT 235 80R 17s. And I say that because you can still see the little wear knobs on there from when they were brand new. So I'd say 95 to 100% of the tread left on these tires. Frame and underbody is exceptionally clean for being a 2012. Front fender is in excellent condition. No dents or dings on there and the headlight lenses are nice and clear. Front bumper is in great condition too. It does come with the factory fog lights. No dents or dings on that front bumper and you do get the chrome trimmed grille on here as well. The hood is in nice condition. Didn't see any major dents or dings. No rock chips on the front or anything. Passengers side front fender looks really good too. And the passenger side Alcoa rim is in great shape as well. Mineral gray has got a lot of metal flake in it. I was like getting my simulated sun out here and showing you just how much metal flake it has. So it looks really good in the sunlight. And as you go down this side of the truck take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the truck you can see the truck, hear the truck and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. So when you do get here there's no surprises and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. And if the video helps you make that buying decision let your salesman know that you saw the video and that Brett sent you. It comes with the chrome step bars. Down that side doors look really good. These back Alcoa rims are in excellent condition as well. These back tires are just as new as the front tires and the frame and underbody is an exceptionally nice shape on this truck. Now this truck has been DPF deleted. It does have a tuner and it's been done very well. So just that for disclosure but take a look at how clean that frame and underbody is. Cab corners all look really good as well. And the step bars are in pretty nice shape. Dualy tub looks really good. I didn't see any major rock chips or anything like that. Back here looks really good. Coming around to the back of the vehicle rear bumpers in pretty nice shape. It does have a couple little light dents in it but it doesn't affect the performance. Full towing package which includes a receiver hitch, 4 pin and 7 pin wiring. It does have the rear airbag suspension. I don't know if you can see that from back here. You can see those rear airbags there. It does come with a spare tire. Back here we have all the original exhaust so that does come with the truck if you were curious. And then it has the original air cleaner and everything as well. And it does have a linex spring and bed liner. And you can kind of see it back there but it does have a goose neck hitch as well. It has a tonneau cover. It is a Truxedo and I will point out that there is a little rip on that Truxedo tonneau cover. So probably the least nice thing about this truck. Going down the driver's side just as clean as that passenger's side. No major dents or dings on this side. Looks really good and for full disclosure this back rim is in excellent shape as well. Down the rest of the side of the truck doors are in excellent condition. It does have the heated fold up tow mirrors. They have built in directional signals in those. They also fold in like so. Inside the big horn package gives you the two tone gray cloth interior. No rips, no tears on the seats. They're in really nice condition as well. Power driver's seat, lumbar, factory, all other floor mats. Does have the factory brake controller, auto headlamps. And there is that tuner. As soon as we turn the ignition on you can see what brand that is. Power windows, power locks, and power mirrors. We'll hop inside, turn that ignition on. You can see that it is a H&S performance tuner on there. Instrument cluster is very nice and clean. And this truck has 50,138 miles compass and outside temperature display. And once again instrument cluster is very nice and clean. Comes with the leather wrapped steering wheel, cruise controls on the right. Bluetooth and information center controls on the left. And you do get audio controls in the back of the steering wheel. Comes with these six speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift. AM FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities on here. Does have a CD player as well and an Augs jack. Turned out four wheel drive, factory exhaust brake, tow haul mode. That's for your plug-in. And then your climate controls are right there. That plug-in is 115 volt, 150 watts. And the passenger side format and seat are in excellent condition as well. No rips, no tears. Truck smells very clean. I don't think it's ever been smoked in. And the headliner is in really nice shape as well. You get map lights up there, power slide and rear window button. And home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems. Auto dimming mirror. We'll take a quick look at the back seats. And then we will start it up. Take a look under the hood. Back seats are just as clean as the front seats. No rips, no tears back here. It does have the latch child safety system for any child car seats you may have. Power slide and rear window. And those seats are in excellent condition. Looks like they've hardly ever been sat in. You get the all-weather floor map back here as well. In-floor storage with removable containers for easy cleaning. You can put ice and drinks in there. It's like you have too many coolers where you go. And you get storage underneath here. Here's your owner's manual and everything like that. So nice storage under there. And this truck does have side curtain airbags. Child safety locks on the back doors. And the bottoms of the doors all look really, really good on this truck. Just like the frame. I didn't see any corrosion or anything. Really a nice 2012 diesel here. We'll start it up. Starts right up. No check engine lights or anything like that. See that's working nicely. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today. And hopefully from this HD video, you'll have been able to verify the quality and condition of this truck inside and out. Under the hood we have the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel engine bay. It's very clean. Runs very smooth as an S&B cold air intake. Once again this truck has been fully safe to inspect by our service shop as a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. And this truck is 100% ready to go. I would highly recommend this truck from a quality and condition standpoint. And to see more pictures of this truck, we'll want to round the corner with 50 new news cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, half tons, three quarter tons, one tons. You name it we got to go to that website right there at www.summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at www.summitauto.com. And if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to www.youtube.com. So at Summit Auto remember to like, subscribe, and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. Click the bell notifications you'll get updates on the videos we do each and every day here at Summit Auto. In fact any second you'll see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel in the upper left. Link to more Ram 3500 truck videos like this one in the upper right. Link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right. Click those check us out and we're super excited to help you with this in 2012. Ram 3500 true cab long box duly bighorn in mineral grey metallic. Thanks again for checking out the video remember to like, subscribe, and share.


What's up guys, welcome to today's video. So today's video is gonna be all about fine hair. We're gonna do a layered haircut that's catered to fine hair and I wanna talk a lot about different angles that I use to create still some weight in a haircut so you don't remove too much but also still gives it life and volume. Also, Paul Mitchell sent me a brand new Express Ion unclipped iron. This is a limited edition color. So I'm gonna use that to style this at the end. We're gonna create a ton of volume and I think you guys are really gonna like this end result. Actually, let me show you what it looks like right now. So here is the cut that we're gonna be going over today. You can see it's got a ton of volume. We use the unclipped iron to create this style. Hope you guys like it. Hope you're excited about this video. Make sure you hit that subscribe button below. Here we go. All right guys, so we're gonna start off the video parting on the right hand side. If your guest parts on a different side then just part it on the opposite and mimic what I'm doing. Then we take it from the high point of the head down to behind the ear. We call that the division point. So we're separating the front and the back. I also put a little ponytail on the back which holds a good amount of tension so that when I'm cutting the front of the hair I'm never pulling any of that back hair into it. So we're gonna focus on that first. So we start off, I wanna show you guys this is really going over the different angles of the head. So what I like to do is find 90 degrees first. Then I can understand where zero degrees is. So you see coming straight off the head shape as we move back to the back of the head the angles change. I'm also gonna be using the DB20 scissor from Mizutani. It's my favorite scissor that they make. It has that little finger groove in it and it also has a really nice solid tang and it's got the ball bearing screw and nano-powder metal steel. So this is a top quality scissor. Really love using it. You can get it on freesaloneducation.com if you would like to. We actually have deals on money off on that going on as well. Okay so to start the haircut I do a diagonal forward parting. I over direct it out. I keep it at zero degrees. So if you think about where 90 is which I showed you with the comb I keep that at a zero degree angle which gives me a nice still heavy feel but it's not too heavy. We actually did this in a video a few videos ago we went through and we did the perfect face frame. Well this is perfect for fine hair. So I go through I'm not only creating a face frame but I'm creating layering throughout the whole cut. So because I'm over directing the hair from further and further back I bring that over and I'm actually pushing that weight to the back of the head. So keeping it nice and heavy right around where it would normally be weaker. So if you think about people with fine hair it gets weaker right around the temple area because they only have so much hair in there. In the back it's a little bit heavier.  So I just keep bringing everything over and cutting it at zero degrees. You'll notice my elevation goes up a little bit as I move back on the head shape. That's just because the head shape is shifting and changing.  So because that head shape is shifting and moving always changing where my finger angle is. So continuing through the top just pulling everything over same thing in the sides, bringing it over to me. That's cutting not a super heavy face frame but a nice soft face frame with just a little bit of weight. Now on the weak side which is the side that we part on she doesn't have as much hair she doesn't have as much density. So what I like to do is keep the elevation nice and low and also kind of scoop out with my fingers. You'll notice I kind of shift my palm up and cut in there and create that line as opposed to over directing it really far or over layering it because I really want a little bit extra weight sitting on the weak side. So I'll work my way through there can stay consistent with my partings basically working with vertical partings at this point and bringing everything over to a stationary guide. The cool thing about this haircut is that it started with a stationary guide in the first section then we created a stationary guide in the second and now we're gonna create another stationary guide right behind the right ear and I'm gonna bring everything to that. I'm also gonna use a little point cutting. I like to do point cutting in fine hair because I feel like it softens it a little bit and you don't see as much of the lines in there. Point cutting is great on thick hair as well but I just like the texture and that's kind of what this haircut is all about in the end. So I keep that stationary guide I over direct everything to right behind the ear and then what that's gonna do is push the weight to the center of the head. So it's almost creating that V shape in the back of the head. So going through point cutting keep over directing taking vertical sections and I go all the way over to the other side of the head or as long as you're getting hair that's still going past your guidelines. So just keep working your way across the back of the head over directing it over until you run out of hair then we're gonna do the same thing on the opposite side. So you see I'm kind of grabbing more and more there's still hair to cut but not a whole lot and I keep working my way over. Now what this is gonna do is kind of crisscross it as well. We've done this on past techniques. Okay so this is also an important part. This is how we find our guideline how we make sure that both sides are even.  I take a nice thin section though you don't wanna take too much hair in there because if you take too much hair then you're gonna change, you're over elevating it.  So I use that little piece as my guide and now I cut the same way bringing it to the left ear on the opposite side and again taking all of the hair and pushing it to the sides behind the ear is just over directing it and then allowing the weight to kind of collect in the very center of the head shape. Still layered but definitely longer into the back which gives it a nice flow, gives it a lot of movement and really a cool shape to the haircut. So the other thing I want you to notice is that I'm always cutting from short to long. So from interior to the outer perimeter. So I was combing away kind of pushing the hair away from myself. That's a good thing to do when you're trying to stay consistent with how you're combing and how you're cutting. Now I use the Palm Mitchell, this is the volume whip. I wanted to create volume in the hairstyle. So I put that in, I use quite a bit of it, about four or five pumps of it and then I go in with the new Neurohalo dryer and I just do a power dry with the blow dryer. Then I go in with my Ergo Paddle brush and I brush through the style. What this is gonna do for me, I do the air drying or like the hand drying to give a little bit of volume, it's more of a salon kind of reality technique to me is just getting some of that moisture out of the hair. Then I go through with the Ergo Paddle brush and I polish the hair a little bit. Then this is another thing that Palm Mitchell sent me, it's their promotional thing. I love hot off the press, that's been around for quite a while, but I'm gonna use that before I do my iron work. So I blow dry the hair, get it nice and smooth. It's about 90% dry, then usually what I'll do is spray hot off the press on, finish the other 10% of the drying. Then I section out the hair and we're gonna go through it and we're gonna iron it using the new Express Eye-On Uncliped. This thing, all of these tools unclip and they detach and you can add different attachments to it and they keep coming out with more and more attachments so it's kind of cool, you can just kind of collect them and use them for all the different styles that you guys are working on. So we get my sectioning through, this particular kit, this promotional kit, I'm guessing it's a limited edition. You can pick it up and you get three different wands with it and also the brush. So that's what we're gonna use to style today. And a little trick here, I learned this from my friend Ryan Belmonti who is a Palm Mitchell educator. He just taught a class on our YouTube channel and he gave this tip which was holding the wand upside down.  Especially if you're working on it at home and you wanna wrap your hair, it's just a lot easier to hold it this way like a pencil as opposed to holding it in your hand this way. So I just continue, I take small, about one inch square sections out of the hair and I wrap them around the iron and I just work my way through the whole head, really wrapping everything back. So and in the same direction. So I work my way up the head shape, I want that kind of loose, lived in curl. I keep everything nice and tight. Another little tip when you're doing this is to make sure that when you wrap the hair in the iron, you don't really stretch it yet. Let it cool, let it set and then at the very end we're gonna run our hands through it and break it up. Obviously the most current style is not to leave these kind of spiral curls in there. So we'll go in and break it up with some texture spray at the very end. Again, see how I'm gripping the iron? I'm definitely, it's a new technique for me but I really enjoy it because it keeps me comfortable. We talk about it all the time and haircutting and everything else. Just keeping that elbow in a good position. So you're not always up like this. It's just really working with the longevity of you as a hairdresser, making sure that you're doing things properly. When I curl it with the wand in the very front, this is that face frame that we created. So I took diagonal forward sections and then just curled it in the way that it was gonna live. I didn't fight the grain of the hair. I wasn't trying to create a bunch of volume that way because this is a little bit of a tighter wand anyway so it was popping up, it's gonna create a lot of volume. So you can see I just kinda curl it away from the face and back. Last little curl here. Then I'm gonna go in. I'm using the Invisible Wear Undone Texture Hairspray. This is a really cool product because it's very light. It's almost like just building up volume and creating style but not a lot of hold. So if you want something with hold, use something stronger. This I just spray in and just keep kind of overlaying it and you can see how the shape just keeps expanding which is really awesome. And that's when we talk about fine hair. That's what we're looking for is a haircut that kind of matches up with and then you obviously have your product choices and you expand that shape out. I hope you guys like this cut. Definitely let me know in the comments below if you have any questions. Also hit the subscribe button if you haven't done that already. Also hit that bell down below that will give you an alert. Anytime we go live on this channel we're doing live classes every week and also anytime we post a video you'll get an alert about that as well. Any of the tools that you saw on this video if you'd like to purchase them go to freesaloneducation.com. We have deals going on so you can get really great deals on the scissors, combs, clips, all that stuff. So if you're looking to upgrade your tools go to freesaloneducation.com plus we have tons and tons over 700 instructional videos for free on there. Thank you guys so much for being a part of the FSE community. I'll see you guys on the next video. Thanks.


In this video, we're gonna discuss the solution to question 11 from the practice midterm exam for calculus two math 12-20. And so we wanna evaluate the indefinite integral where we have a function x cubed plus x plus one over x squared plus one. And we wanna integrate with respect to x here. So the first thing I notice here is that we have an improper fraction. We have an x cubed over x. And so as such, we're gonna wanna do some polynomial division. We could try to weasel our way around a couple things. One of the most straightforward things is just to do long division, right? If you divide the top x cubed plus x plus one, we divide that by x squared plus one. We're gonna first ask ourselves how many times does x squared go into x cubed? Look at the leading terms there. x cubed over x squared, that gives you an x. We're gonna record that on the top right here. Next, we're gonna take x times our divisor x squared plus one. This gives us x cubed plus x. And we're gonna record that below x cubed plus x. Like so, and we're gonna subtract that from above. You're gonna notice here that the x squared, the x cubed cancel and then also the x cancels as well. There's really not much left. You just end up with a one right here. One is too small to work with here. And so this is actually gonna be a remainder. And so what we can do is we can then substitute our function with now, we're going to get the polynomial x plus one over x squared plus one, dx. So that polynomial division is gonna be super helpful for us on this example. Now in this example, we could have actually got weaseled away from the polynomial division because it actually turned out so simply. We actually could have done something like the following. If you take x cubed plus x over x squared plus one and you break off the one over here, the idea is x cubed plus x is just x times x squared plus one for which that cancels, give me the same thing. So this one could have, we could have avoided long division doing some type of short division. But what I'm trying to say is you should just plan for long division if the fraction isn't proper. If it's a proper fraction, it's completely unnecessary. So now the question is, what do we do here? So do we, so the entire derivative of x is gonna be pretty straightforward. But this one right over here, we have this x squared plus one on the bottom. It's an irreducible quadratic polynomial. So, I mean, notice this is a proper fraction. In fact, the denominator doesn't factor at all. This is already a partial fraction decomposition. Although you might need to do a partial fraction decomposition on question number 11, not necessary here. Instead, how do we do this one? Well, two approaches, you could do a u substitution because you have this square root of x squared plus one squared on the bottom.  That would be perfectly acceptable in which case then you get dx equals secant squared theta d theta. And notice the square root of x squared plus one would equal secant theta as well. So the anti-derivative of x is gonna be x squared over two. And then you have to integrate. The dx, remember, becomes a secant squared theta d theta. Since the square root of x squared plus one equals secant, the bottom would then become a secant squared theta. In which case those cancel out. You have this x squared over two plus the integral of d theta. Well, that's pretty nice. It just becomes theta plus a constant. Don't forget the plus constant. I will look for that there. And so then coming back to original substitution, solving for theta, theta equals tangent inverse of x. And so our final result would then be x squared over two plus arc tangent of x plus a constant. And this would be our correct result. In order to get full credit, if we do any type of substitutions, you need to switch your variables back into x. You need all x's, no thetas or u's or anything else. That's okay in the interim, but for the final answer, it needs back in the original variable x. I also wanna mention that many of you might have noticed earlier that if you take the anti-derivative of one over one plus x squared dx, you might already know that this anti-derivative is tangent inverse of x and you could have jumped the whole trig substitution part and gone straight to there. I'm perfectly fine with that. This is a very common anti-derivative and therefore recognizing it without any trig sub is perfectly appropriate. But if you didn't recognize it, be aware that the trig substitution would help you out here. Now, this one was a partial fraction type problem, although we didn't actually do any partial fractions. We used long division and we sort of did a trig sub. It depends whether you did it or not. Those are unnecessary parts for this type of questions from 7.4, but one of the most important parts is actually doing the partial fraction decomposition. And so just because you didn't see the PFD on this problem, on the practice test, doesn't mean it won't show up on the actual test. You're gonna make sure you're familiar with factorization techniques, the templates and all of that stuff as well.