So please welcome Naomi. She's going to talk about community. So please give a hand to Naomi. Okay, good morning. I know that at least I find as the conference goes on, it gets harder and harder to get up for morning keynote. It's my confession. So I appreciate seeing you all here. And I'm Naomi Cedar. This year is my second year on the Python Software Foundation Board. And it's the second year that I have been the vice chair of the PSF. So I want to talk to you today a little bit about community. Before I go any further, I should say there is a Google link to the slides. So you can have a look at those. As usual, they contain very, very little real information. There are some links to the PSF site, though, that you might want. In the speaker note, there is an occasional smart remark, but that's about it. But in case you want those, that will be showing up on all the slides. So talking about community these days strikes me as a bit of a challenge. We seem to be in hard times for community. You know, it's sort of there are people protesting in the EU. There are people protesting in the UK. Back in the U.S. There are people who seem to be against almost everything involved with community if you've been listening to the political news from there. So in some ways it seems like the idea of community is almost under siege. And yet as I've talked to people these days, it seems to me that this is probably the most important thing to most people here. I certainly know it's important to me. What is the group of people that I'm going to be working with like? And if you think about it, none of what we do in terms of writing software, in terms of open source software, in terms of the Python ecosystem, none of this would be possible without community. And so I think this is kind of my first point here is that people make a distinction between technical and community work. I think that's a false distinction. Without the community work, the technical work cannot exist. Community work is technical work. In some ways you can actually affect more people by the community work than you can by the technical work. So the title of this talk comes from something that was said at Python 2014 in Montreal. In the opening remarks, Brett Cannon, who's one of the Python core developers, got to kick off the conference and he took advantage of the platform to say something that he had wanted to say. And it was something that resonated with a lot of us, I think. And what he said was, I don't know about the rest of you. I came for the language, but I stayed for the community. And that really is sort of the case with me, and that's what I want to talk about a little bit today. Before I do that, though, I'm going to make a confession. It's not like I've never made a personal confession to this audience, is it? And that confession is I am actually quite, quite old. Now you're laughing, you don't believe me. And normally I don't talk about this, but in fact, in 11 days I will turn 60. Okay, that's 6-0. I have not disclosed that in public before. That wasn't why I told you that, though. I just didn't want you sitting there working out the math as I go through this next bit. All right, I was trying to save you because you're going to be there. What? She started her career at age 6. This doesn't work. So that's why I did it. So to give you a little background, I actually had been working with computing in some form or another for not quite 20 years before I learned about Python. So I actually started back in the old days. The first machine that I ever interacted with was a Univac 1108. It was one of these things that was down in the bowels of a building at the university. I never saw it personally. We had Lion and Page Editors. It's kind of weird to even think about this, but basically you could do a screen at a time and then save and it would send it to the server. Or you could do a line of text at a time, then save and it would go to the server. If you wanted to do these weird things called macros, where you could actually go ahead and do multiple things at once with a line of text. I'll confess, I was not actually a computer science person. As some of you may know, I actually was working on a PhD in classical literature at the time. But I think sort of as a stunt, they actually had some of us from the humanities department in to work on our dissertations and use the computer to actually format the dissertation and everything. So that was how I got my start. There was this wonderful device. I think there were only two of them on campus at the University of Wisconsin that saved me at the end. It was amazing. It was called the laser printer. It was really great. So that was how I actually printed out my dissertation. After that, I learned things on the Apple IIs. So these were very big in the States, the Apple IIe, the Apple IIc. For a couple of years I was actually teaching at a school in Athens, Greece. So I had an Apple IIc with the Greek character ROM, and in the heat it would get flaky and occasionally switch back and forth between Greek and Roman character sets, which is kind of interesting. I learned basic. I learned 6502 assembler. I used to have the published printed out 400 page listing of the assembly for the Apple IIc ROM. You can poke around in it and find Easter eggs and all of that. Sadly, I got rid of it, I think, about 15 years ago. I think it might actually be a curiosity now. Eventually I learned Pascal CDBase III, C++ Visual, Basic Delphi. Yes, I suffered through the Windows 9X era, and I even did Java. I even was faced with the possibility of teaching Java, because by that time, again, I've mentioned this before, I was the technology director and main computer teacher at a private school, and we had a policy that all students had to learn how to write a program before they graduated. So I was faced with the possibility of teaching Java to every 14 and 15 year old in the school. This was a frightening, frightening time for me. So as it happened, and this was about 15 years ago, there was a... at Linux World in San Francisco, which was... I think Linux World is still going on, but it's a much different thing now. Then it was, in some ways, I guess, kind of like what PyCon is today. There were thousands of people there, but everyone was an open source enthusiast. And this guy, who I'd never heard of before, named Guido van Rossum was there, and he was doing a day-long tutorial on this language of his that not many people knew about, but it was being touted as this interesting kind of odd little language called Python. So I went to this tutorial all day long, and I recall asking some painfully stupid questions, because I was coming as a C programmer, so there were a lot of surprises for me at the time. It's like, strings are immutable. I can't just stick a character in where I want. This just doesn't seem right. But I found, actually, that day that this was a very... it was a very powerful moment for me. In fact, as I was flying back from San Francisco on the plane, I rewrote our school curriculum so that I could teach those 14- and 15-year-olds Python rather than Java, and that was actually pretty easy to do. I liked the fact that it was such a readable language. I liked the fact that it could do a lot of things. In fact, the summer after that, I started writing a student information system, tracking all of our students' records and things like that, using Zope. And maybe you haven't heard of Zope. Some of the old timers, yes. Some of the old timers here have. We talked about it the other night, that in some ways a lot of what we're doing on the net today wouldn't be here if it weren't for the whole Zope ecosystem. So I wrote an application in Zope 2, which I started in 2002. Last fall, the school finally retired it. So it ran for 14 years. Even better, I had been gone for four and a half years before they retired it, so it had to have run essentially un-maintained for four years. So as I say, this was a very cool language. It was something that really was a powerful thing. So I would agree with Brett that I came for the language. This was what actually really got me in the door. And I would say that even though I started with Python 2.1 and I'm now on Python 3.5, that I still love the language. In fact, I will admit that about the only religious text I have is the Zen of Python. And you will find me muttering to myself in various situations. It's like, beautiful is better than ugly. Simple is better than complex. Errors shouldn't pass silently and less explicitly. I haven't quite worked more namespaces into my personal life yet, but that I am working on. So that was in fact a very powerful thing for me, and it still is. However, I think that was not the only thing. I mean, it's been 15 years since I've been working on Python. In that time, a lot of languages have come and gone, and you hear a lot of things. So people tell me, you must learn Clojure, you must learn Scala, you must learn Ruby, you must learn this or that. And for a while I was actually wondering what language is going to come along and actually make me move away from Python. But there was something else going on, I think, that is the reason that I was never really tempted by a lot of those languages. And part of that is the community. So in 2003, the guy who was working for me discovered that they were announcing this first conference for the Python community. Now, there had been Python conferences before, but they were put on by a professional conference company. They were expensive. They were not a community-based conference. For the first time in 2003, they were going to put on this thing called PyCon. And the tickets were relatively cheap. It was a small conference in Washington, D.C., if you could get there, you could get in. We put in a talk proposal, and much to our amazement, we were accepted. We went there. We found that it was really a very nice and open community. We were there representing a private school. We weren't a software house. We weren't engineers. And yet, you know, the developers were willing to talk to the people from education. We met other people in education. We had open spaces. Back in those days, they were called BOFs, Birds of a Feather sessions. And usually it would be in the evening, so you'd go to talks all day. And then we would get around and spend a large part of the evening talking about Python and education or the latest new thing. If you remember the one laptop per child, the XO, when that first came out, actually months before it was released, we had a BOF where we spent the evening passing around and playing with one of the prototypes. So it was just a lot of fun. And eventually there were other things that we got involved with. I once asked Steve Holden, who is the chair of the Python Software Foundation, what I could do to help out. And he said, well, we need a poster session at PyCon. I had never been to a poster session, but I suggested one. We put one together. And I've been sort of spreading the word about poster sessions ever since. In other words, the whole PyCon experience was something that was, as this one is, a great way to come together as a community. And I like that a lot. I spoke a lot about teaching and education because I was in education at the time. And I was eventually elected as a fellow of the PSF. So what I'm trying to say with all of this is that over the years the language has been a powerful thing for me. But I would have to agree that the experiences I've had as a part of the community, working on PyCons, working on other things, has been probably more powerful. And that led me, particularly since I was going to be talking about it, led me to think a little bit about what it is that makes the Python community a good community in that way. What is it about the Python community? And I came up with a couple of things. So for one thing, this is a hard one to define. And I'm not sure I'm totally happy with this definition. But it's always been an inclusive place. And by that, I mean a few things. Certainly, as we have gone on and as we have advanced, we have worked on this and we have improved it. But from the very beginning, it had three qualities that I think are pretty important. First of all, it was safe. It was not a place where even in the early days you were likely to be belittled or attacked or something like that because you didn't know something.  It was respectful in that everyone was sort of treated with respect. And it was also open in that you could, and this is something that still happens at a Python conference at any of these events, you could go up to any of these people who are just the gods of the language and talk to them and they would talk to you back. So this also, I think, was a good thing. And if you do not have these qualities, if you feel threatened, if you don't feel respected, if you're unable to talk to people, it's very hard to engage with the community. So the second thing, you know, that's the first part, and that at least has people come to your community, but I'm not sure that it keeps them. The second part, the part that I think you need in order to keep people in the community is the fact that contributions are welcomed. And it doesn't matter if you're new or you've been around for a while, making meaningful contributions is something that we as a community encourage people to do even if they are new, even if they are perhaps not part of some special group. This is a hard thing for communities like ours to do, it always is, because it is always, or not always, but it's quite often much easier rather than enabling somebody to help. It is quite often easier to just do it yourself, even though you have a lot of things to do, and that's whether or not you're a core developer on a project or if you're organizing an event or whatever it is. So it is not always easy to take the time to enable people to contribute, but in general, I would say we have always done a good job with this as well. My first example of this was, and I think it's been about 10 years now, I gave a talk at a PyCon, I was using the turtle module at the time to do some teaching, and at the time the turtle module was just really kind of a proof of concept demo, and there are all sorts of things that made it really irritating to use for teaching. And so I mentioned in the course of my talk, you know, these things are really irritating, and they should be fixed, they're not that hard.  It was very polite, it's like, well, you know, those are good observations. If you put together a patch, we'll try to get it in. And I gathered some other people from education, we put together a patch, it went in, it was for like a glorious year, my contribution to the Python code base, then of course sadly the next version of Python, they replaced it with Gregor Linger's external library, and the whole thing was gone. But I'm there, I'm there on the list. So it was, but it's the attitude there that rather than being shot down, rather than, you know, being turned away, I was gently encouraged to make a contribution. When you let people, when you encourage people to make contributions, that is when the community becomes theirs, that is one of the things that I think gets people to stay. And of course, I'm not just sort of talking about this in theory, in fact I've kind of put the Python community to the test over the years. No need to dwell on it, but I am, as I now tell people, in many ways a living A-B test. Okay? I have seen the Python community from both a male and female point of view. I have then, you know, not had the good grace to keep quiet about it, but I've talked about it. I have seen the Python community from the U.S. community, I've seen it from the point of view of the U.K. community from both sides of the Atlantic back and forth. And I think that the things that I'm saying have been kind of amazingly have been uniformly true across that. Out of all of the communities that I have known, as I have made these changes in my life, the Python community has stayed one of the places where you are safe, you are respected, you are able to talk to people where your contribution is always welcome. And in fact, part of this has led me to understand that when I'm talking about the Python community, what I'm talking about is in fact a global community. And this also is one of the things I learned. The first, I think it was the first week or two that I was in London, someone from the Python community that I had only ever met on Twitter took me out to have a drink and a welcome to London meal and things like that so that I sort of would at least know somebody in person. In fact, by the time I had moved to the U.K., Nicholas Tolerby had already recruited me to help him do something at PyCon U.K. to do a presentation. I already knew one of the organizers of PyLadies there. And it's not just in North America and Europe. That's where historically there have been more people doing Python. But it's very exciting these days that there is a lot of growth that this same community spirit is growing rapidly all over the world. So I know that in South America and Central America, there are groups springing up and developing all the time. I know that we've got a sizable group from Brazil here. And in Africa, you heard me have heard Daniele to do a lightning talk about Python Namibia. I also, because I promised, I also have to talk about my friends in Nigeria who did not have a community at all at the beginning of this year, at the beginning of 2016, they have now done four or five Django girls with at least one more in the works. They're getting themselves registered as a non-profit. They're going to see if they can figure out a way to have a PyCon Nigeria. They are organizing an after-school program that they're going to be teaching some people at just a tremendous explosion of this kind of community spirit. And the same is true in Asia, in Australia, New Zealand, all around the world. And even as we mentioned here that some of things running Python have gone to Antarctica, which is a continent I don't usually mention too much, but so all of this, we've got this sort of community growing. And it's got so much going on. And so, you know, there are a lot of these things, mailing lists, IRC, Slack, Telegram, Meetups, PyLadies, Django Girls, there are sprints, there are PyCons. I was trying to count up the number of PyCons. And I don't think you can actually do an accurate count. On the python.org website, there are 30 PyCons listed. I know this is wrong because off the top of my head, without thinking about it much at all, I could come up with at least five more that weren't listed. So my guess is maybe there's 40, maybe there's 50. I know that last fall, Larry Hastings and I joked about whether or not you could do a PyCon every month of the year. I think it's probably almost possible now to do a PyCon every week of the year. This will be a great challenge for somebody who has a lot of time to travel, I guess. So there's a lot of things going on. And who is behind all of this? Who's organizing all of this?  And of course, there's a little bit of help from the PSF. And I wanted to spend a little bit of time here sort of filling you in on what the PSF does, what role the PSF plays in the community. The mission, in fact, of the PSF is both to promote, protect, and advance the Python programming language, but it's also to support and facilitate the growth of a diverse and international community of Python programmers. In other words, exactly what I have been talking about to you. And it does that by dealing with three things. And I'm just going to go through these kind of briefly because I think some people don't know what the PSF does and what it doesn't do. So it's got three areas that it works in really. It's got money, it's got intellectual property, it's got a membership, and it does do some things with money. Intellectual property, somebody needs to hold all of the licenses for this entire thing that is Python. All right? And in fact, that is the PSF. That is one of its key roles. And in fact, as a member of the board, from time to time, we will get these emails from corporate lawyers saying, you know, dear PSF, we are very interested in using your software, Python, and it's usually something like 2.6.5 or something like that. Please send us, you know, the licensing agreement so that we can sign this and use your software. And it's like, well, we are the people to ask and we then have to go back and explain, no, you really don't understand how the agreement works, but it's the PSF that deals with things like that. We also hold the trademarks. So, in fact, if you want to use the cute little logo I've got down in the bottom of my slides, that belongs to the PSF. If you're going to use it just as a symbol for Python, kind of as I've done here, that's okay. If you're going to put it on something that you're going to sell, like a t-shirt, you really should check with the PSF. If you're going to change it at all, you really should check with the PSF. Because if you do things to the trademark, we have to protect that. If we don't protect it, we lose our control over it. So this is something that the PSF does. We have members, and this is kind of part of my commercial here. We changed the way that we do members a few years ago, and it seems to some of us that we have been telling people except that it seems that we also haven't been very good at getting the word out. So anyone in this room can become a basic, non-voting member of the PSF. All that you must do is go to python.org. There's a little membership link at the top.  And it would be very helpful for that. This is a way you can formally declare your membership. It helps us have an idea of who is in the python community around the world.  Just find me, I've got them. So you can declare this. There are supporting members. This costs about $100 a year, $99 a year. By giving that donation, you are a voting member of the PSF so that you can vote for board members and any other things that come up for election to the PSF membership. I have known people who sort of told me, you know, I work with python. It helps me make a good living. I feel that I should do this as a way to give back to the python community. So you can do that. You can be a contributing or a managing member. In this case, I mean, how many of you here, just out of curiosity, how many of you here organize something in the python community? Help organize whatever. Okay, that looks like about a third, maybe? I don't know. There are quite a number of hands. If you spend more than five hours, five hours a month or more, working on an activity, on a community activity, a meetup, you're a python, whatever it might be, you can become a voting member of the PSF. Okay, if you spend that five hours or more, working on software that is released in the python ecosystem. So not just core python, but you have a library or an application or something that has been released as open source that people are using. You can also self declare that on a form and be a voting member of the python software foundation. I know that we do not have even a tiny fraction of the people who should be voting members as voting members. So once you become that basic member and I give you your sticker, I'm probably going to ask you, do you do enough work here? You should go be a voting member because we want you to be voting members. We also have some python software working groups.  And we haven't done it for a while. We need to talk about doing this again. Some people get elected then as fellows. Basically the membership votes on people who are elected as fellows. They're also voting members. So that's what we've got going on. But more important, let's talk about money. So the PSF actually does have a fair amount of financial obligations, money coming in, money going out. Donations, you may have, over the course of the past couple days, been approached by Harry who would let you not get a massage if you gave him money. Okay? And those, that's sort of donations. The PSF gets something like $50,000 a year in donations like that. We have companies that give us money as sponsors. There's been a little change there. It used to be that these companies were sponsor members and they had votes. It turned out that for one thing, they didn't really care that much about the voting. And for another thing, it was really kind of a problem because that meant the entire membership had to vote every time somebody wanted to become a sponsor, which seems sort of cumbersome. So we changed that now. We asked the existing sponsor members, do you really want the vote? They said, no, we don't care. Bylaws committee changed that and the board approved that a few months ago so that sponsor members are now just sponsors of the PSF. And they provide a substantial amount of money, something on the order of $180,000 a year. And then finally, Picon US is a big conference and it provides probably more than the other two combined. It depends upon the year. In 2009, we had a very bad year and it did not do so well. But in general, Picon US provides a lot of money and we use that money to go back into the community. So of those 30 to 50 Picon's, we end up giving grants to help support those regional Picon's. Okay, it seemed to us that it was a better way to spend that money. Our other option with the extra money we got from Picon US could of course be to just support Picon US. But in fact, it seemed a much more responsible thing to use this to help start other conferences. So roughly $100,000 a year gets distributed to other conferences, including this one, but all around the world. And about that much money again goes for things like Django Girls, various workshops, meetup fees. So if you're starting a Python meetup and you want to use meetup.com to organize it, it depends upon the market you're in. Some places meetup is really cheap. Other places where it's a more mature market, it's not that cheap at all. It doesn't matter. The Python Software Foundation will reimburse you for meetup fees if you're using it to run a Python meetup. And then we have to support infrastructure, things like PyPI to download packages. A lot of our infrastructure is donated from various companies, but there are still expenses that we need to meet there. We now have, Python Software Foundation now has four employees to help us manage things, so of course we need to take care of them. So that's some of the things that we do. Now, I wanted to fill you in on that because I want you all to become part of the PSF and support us, but to kind of return back to my main point, the PSF is not the community and I don't want to suggest that. The PSF is there to support the community and the community is the collection of meetups, pycons, developers, organizers, communities, all of us, all of you around the world. And I think in general we have a lot of good things going for us. The community itself, many times I've talked to people who have said, you know, if I could choose a language just based on the community, it would be Python. I've heard this from Ruby people, from scholar people, from JavaScript people. We actually are a leader in this regard. People from, say, the Ruby community are a little bit amazed that we even have this Python software foundation that is giving this amount of money to have other conferences. It doesn't happen very often elsewhere. Education, I think of all the programming communities, we are the most devoted to education. We have a lot to do. We have a lot of good and should be doing an education, but we are still one of the leaders. Another thing is data science. I mean, today is officially more pie data. A few years ago everybody was using R. Now if you talk to somebody who does data science, they will go, oh yeah, I used to do R, but now I'm getting into Python. And it's the same thing as actually with science. We had a keynote about astronomy yesterday. Six years ago, a friend of mine who is an astronomy professor, I tried to talk him into trying Python. He's like, no, we have our languages for handling data. Don't bother me. Then about three years ago I heard from him. He was like, you know, I'm actually doing Python now. So we're actually moving into that area. Those are great things to be involved with. But I think we have some things that we're not doing as well. We've got some things that we could do better. Okay? In the embedded, the IoT space, MicroPython is a great start, but we're not what people think of when they think of IoT. I hope that it will be what we think of. The more that IoT becomes a thing, Python should be the thing on it. We still have a lot to do in the area of mobile. I'm completely with Larry in that we have, you know, the gil is an issue here. God speed the galectomy or something like that. That's an issue. And here's another one that I have found lately, and you may not believe me on this. I've talked to people at a lot of meetups and sort of general programming things, where they'll say, well, yeah, I've done some CSS and I'm doing JavaScript now and I'm going to learn Ruby on Rails and maybe one of these days I'm going to do a hard core language like Python. And that kind of, I mean, I remember when it was the C programmers talking about how we were scripting language and not really programming. This is kind of strange, but I also think it's not the place we want to be. We don't want to be what people think of as the hard language. This isn't right. Community. I've been praising our community. I meant every word I say. We have made some great strides in making a more inclusive community. But honestly, if we think we're anywhere near done, we are sadly mistaken. We have much, much work to do there. And then finally, as we continue to grow, how are we going to manage this? We've already moved away from the way that the PSF did things with the Python community 10 years ago, but we have a long way to go there too in terms of sort of giving, enabling the communities, the regional groups and everything like that to do more and having the PSF be there just sort of supporting and in effect doing less. This will be a hard problem to solve. It's when the PSF can't solve alone, nor can the regional and local groups solve it alone, we need to work together on that. So, that's a lot of things that we need to do. And we need as many people helping us to do these as possible. And what I would suggest, my call to action basically comes down to this. You should, and I'm going to repeat it one more time, I'll even give you a sticker, remember, you should join the PSF, okay? Whether that's just a basic membership or whatever you might choose to do, you should seriously consider engaging with your local or regional community. Okay? You will have that opportunity at the Euro-Python meetings this afternoon for one. You may have a local meet-up. If not, you can consider starting a local meet-up. It's not that impossible to do. And then finally, contribute. That's the last piece that I talked about as you recall. Whether that's organizing, whether that's teaching, whether that's writing code, make the contribution. You will indeed be happy that you did. And what? If you do all of those things, what is in it for you? Well, I expect, I hope that what you will find there is the same thing that Brett found that I found that I think many people in this room have found. Community. So thank you very much. Thank you very much, Nomi. Questions? If you have questions, please try to come over here because I'm too tired to walk. Thanks very much, Nomi. Do you have any idea why Python might have a better functioning community than other languages? Because they're not different kinds of human beings in those who use those other languages. They're not from different places in the world. They're from different generations. How do we get here? Yeah, I think that it does actually have a lot to do with the people who were behind it initially. So even in the early days Jito has always been very much in supportive community. So it may just be the happy accident of who came together in the early days to start the community. That would tend to be my guess there's nothing magical about the language, I don't think. But it is one of these things I think where you get a virtuous circle going. Okay, so about the voting members of the PSF because it seems a cool thing to be but when I hear that I could be a voting member it sounds like a responsibility and it sounds like I should know a lot more about the community and you know what goes on around it so can you say something more about being a voting member? It's important. It's not a thing that requires a lot of work honestly. The main thing that at this point that the voting members do is decide upon a board of directors working to make sure that we can get as much information both about what the current board is doing as well as what you know potential candidates have done so that they can select that. In terms of other day to day things we found in general that the membership does not want to vote a lot. Oh no we have to vote again so it's largely doing that but it is still the group that will decide if a change in bylaws or something needs to be done that would affect the way the PSF operates that would be the group that will make the decisions so it's not a lot of day to day things but it's still something important. Whoa are you alright? So in an ideal world in 10 years time what's the Python community going to look like? Pardon me? In an ideal world in 10 years time what's the Python community going to look like? In my opinion in 10 years time in an ideal world the Python community will be larger but much more devolved so that there will be things like this conference probably two or three of them in Europe these will be all over and they will be supported by local ones in a lot of places I've had over the years people contact me saying I'd really like to be part of a Python community but there's nobody else around I hope that we don't have that problem and I hope that looking out over a group like this in 10 years time that I will see a lot more different kinds of people than I do now so those would be the two things that would be on my list Hi, thank you for your talk you mentioned on one of your slides that not all conferences are on the Python official site and there are many different communication channels I also noticed that I sometimes feel like the community is getting fragmented you have a big Django community in a big PyData community this is also something you talk about with the PSF and is this a concern or is this a good thing? I think it's good that we've got a lot of things going on I think that we're having a real struggle in getting the information communication transparency those are all relatively hard problems to solve part of the problem I think is actually the way that the PSF is organized right now where there is not enough mechanism to devolve these things down and then bring the stuff back together so that everyone can find it it's an organization problem that takes a lot of time to solve and the members of the PSF board for example we all have other jobs so we can't spend endless time doing this so this is a problem as I say we'll need input we'll need help we'll need people actually stepping up to do this from a number of places to work on that I don't think anybody really likes the notion that Django sometimes looks like it's going completely in its own direction that's not the greatest so the question it's kind of a question and a consideration especially I would like to hear your thoughts last year there was a lot of new growing local communities local associations and in the years in the PSF we talked about improving the PSF presence especially in local groups where new people coming to the community could feel like a first step not having to travel or not having to be in big events what the PSF and now the PSF could start doing this was there any time to start making a strong presence and at least feel that the PSF is that's a good point and it is something that has been discussed from time to time it's hard to decide what that would look like in a way one suggestion that was raised on the board not long ago was that we make a much more organized effort to track which local conferences or regional conferences have had a PSF board member attend actually even allocate a little bit of funding specifically so those that have maybe had two or three conferences and never had any representative of the PSF attend actually be supported to go ahead and make sure that we get in touch with them that's still not going to scale necessarily there are 11 board members we can't just go so there have to be other things that would probably involve other people in the PSF doing that kind of role as well we have talked a little bit we've experimented a little bit with the idea of a PSF ambassador in in South America and there's a lot of work that needs to be done there too yeah all right talking about community again I would like to mention our Europe-Python society meetings at four two o'clock half past two and thank you very much Naomi big hand for Naomi thank you thank you thank you


Your Resettlement Journey to Canada 2. Travel to Canada IOM will provide you with your travel details. It is normal that you may not know all your travel information until a few days before you depart. On the way to Canada, the journey may be long and tiring. It is common for travel to take many hours or even a few days. There will be many airport procedures to follow along the way. You may need to go through these steps more than once, especially if you have multiple flights. Step 1. Go to the airport Step 2. Receive an IOM bag like this one. Keep this bag visible and safe during your entire journey. Step 3. Go to the airline check encounter for your flight. The airline staff will give you your boarding passes and baggage registration tags. Place your checked baggage on the weighing scale to be weighed and tagged. Checked baggage will be left with the airline staff so it can be loaded onto the airplane. Only keep your hand baggage and personal items with you. Whether at the airport, in the airplane, or in transit, it is important that your family stays together and that you watch your children. Step 4. Pass airport security Depending on the airport, you will need to go through security checkpoints at the entrance and or after checking. You and your baggage will need to pass through a scanner. Follow instructions of security officers looking for dangerous items in your baggage and on you. An officer may need to touch you to check for dangerous items. Step 5. Complete exit procedures This may include providing your documents to a government official for inspection when you exit a country. Step 6. Board the airplane Check your ticket to see the specific number of your boarding gate. This is where you will wait until you board the airplane. Listen carefully to any announcements in case there are changes or delays. Step 7. Enjoy your flight Since it is common for travel to take many hours or even a few days, here are some activities you can do on an airplane. Look through in-flight entertainment, eat meals and drink plenty of liquids, keep children busy and quiet at their seats, take medication if needed, talk in a soft voice to other passengers, use the toilet, and sleep and relax. Follow flight attendants instructions. You must fasten your seatbelt during takeoff, landing and when the seatbelt sign is lit. Please also note that it is illegal to remove safety equipment such as life jackets from the airplane. Step 8. Transit Since there may not be direct flights to Canada from the country where you are living, you may need to take more than one flight to reach your final destination. IOM movement operation staff or professionals delegated by IOM may assist you in transit. Step 9. Arriving Canada Step 10. Receive airport assistance. Airport reception services in Canada will assist you in going through immigration and customs as well as traveling to your final destination. Ensure that all your baggage and documents are with you at all times. Keep the iron bag visible so people can find you. Step 11. Complete entry procedures. Upon arrival in Canada, you will also go through a brief interview with an immigration officer at the airport. Then you will be asked to sign some documents. The documents you receive when you arrive in Canada are very important. Keep them safe. When this process is completed, you will become a permanent resident with the right to live in Canada. Collect your checked baggage from this moving belt. Make sure that the baggage you take is yours. Good luck with your travel to Canada.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will discuss volume. We know that amount of space occupied by a three dimensional object is called its volume. Volume of a solid is measured by counting the number of unit cubes it contains. Now we shall discuss the formula for the volume of different solid shapes like cuboid, cube and cylinder. First we have volume of a cuboid is equal to L into B into H where L is the length of the cuboid, B is the width of the cuboid and H is the height of the cuboid. Now we can also say that the volume of a cuboid is equal to the area of the base of the cuboid which is L into B into H that is the height of the cuboid. Consider this cuboid with length 5 cm width 6 cm and height 4 cm so we have volume of the cuboid is equal to L into B into H cm cube that is this is equal to 120 cm cube. Next is the volume of a cube this is equal to L cube that is L into L into L where this L is the side of the cube. Since we know that cube is a special case of cuboid so in the formula for the volume of the cuboid we have taken L is equal to B is equal to H to get the volume of the cube. For this cube of side 5 cm that is L is equal to 5 cm we have volume of the cube is equal to 5 cube which is equal to 125 cm cube. Next is the volume of a cylinder this is equal to pi R square H where we have R is the radius of the base of cylinder H is the height of the cylinder. We can also say that volume of a cylinder is equal to the area of the base of the cylinder which is pi R square into the height of the cylinder. For this cylinder where we have R that is the base radius or the radius of the base of the cylinder is 2 cm height H of the cylinder is 5 cm we have the volume of the cylinder is equal to pi 22 upon 7 into R square into H and this is equal to 62.85 cm cube is the volume of the given cylinder. Next we have volume and capacity as we know that volume is the amount of space occupied by an object and capacity is the quantity that a container holds. If we say that the water tin holds 1000 cm cube of water then we say that capacity of the water tin is 1000 cm cube. Capacity is measured in litres also now we have some relations between the litre and centimeter cube and it is given as 1 milliliter is equal to 1 cm cube then 1 litre is equal to 1000 cm cube then 1 meter cube is equal to 1000 litres. These relations should be kept in mind while finding the volume of a given object. So this completes the session hope you have understood how we find the volume of cuboid cube and cylinder.


This is the map ID that means in the maps we have given some ID numbers 1, 2, 3 so that is as a parcel or a polygon type for a village and this polygon is connected to the village ID used by the census department and this is the village name which normally it is done and these are all some of the census information which you have collected is area, number of houses and irrigated areas in this thing then non-irrigated areas like that forest cover. So now as a time series analysis as we how much of changes have taken place over a period we can attach the say similar attributes collected from the revenue census information of 91, 81, 71 and 61 can be added and then whether the irrigated areas are grown or lessened out whether the forest areas have been grown or it has come down this type of time series analysis we would be able to do it up and you can do this is authenticated information which everybody can do that. So when you look at it so there could be some variations between 2001 and 1991. So W means that is a well with WE is the well with energy motors and tube wells with energy motors then within the tank irrigation there were 3 sources of irrigation here whereas here that the energy is missing that means from between 1991 and 2001 the energy used motors have come up in a big way so that means energy is used for the agriculture purpose hopefully and that means indirectly it is likely to affect the climate change. Same thing is comparison of irrigated areas which I was explaining is now it is shown here 71 how much it was 91 how much it was then 91 how much it was then 2001 how much it was. So this type of the tank let us look at the tank thing here it is 184 here it has grown here it is marginally there is a growth between 1981 and 1991 whereas the same thing has reduced during 2001 whereas people have gone for ground water exploitation ground water by way of well water as well as the tube well water okay that means there is a trend where the tank irrigation has come down whereas the well irrigation has gone up that indicates the probability of a ground water decline ground water depletion is possible. So this type of village wise informations can be taken and appended with the maps so that it can be analyzed locally as well as can be analyzed on a large area wise.