What's up, everyone? Takedown here. Welcome back to another video. Today, I'm going to be sharing with you the best telltale video games. Let's get right into this. So for me, I am the type of gamer that absolutely loves story. And with the telltale games, the story is more important than the actual gameplay. It's basically just a click and decision making game. Very easy gameplay, but the stories for the telltale games, in my opinion, are phenomenal, which is why I love them. And on top of that, you can get a platinum for almost any telltale game because you just have to go through the story, finish the game, and you'll earn the platinum and all of the trophies along the way. Unfortunately, telltale is no longer a company and they went bankrupt in 2018. But a lot of their games are still on various consoles. So the first game I want to mention in this video is the entire series. And that is the Walking Dead series. That's what really got me into the whole telltale games. The first game was released in 2012. And since I was such a huge fan of the Walking Dead back then, that's why I decided to try the first Walking Dead game. And I got right into the whole Walking Dead series for telltales and started to play more of the telltale games because of the first Walking Dead game. I absolutely loved it. In the Walking Dead series, there is four main season games. One DLC, which was for the first game and a mini three episode game following Michonne from the comics and TV show. The series follows Clementine, who is a young girl who grows up in the Walking Dead universe from the start of the zombie apocalypse. Now, the telltale game, the story actually comes from the creator of the Walking Dead comics and TV show, Rob Kirkman. And the game also includes some characters from the comics, including people like Glenn and Herschel. Now, unfortunately, the series had to come to an end and actually the last game, instead of it being finally released as telltale because telltale went bankrupt at the time. They another company decided to pick it up and just release the final game just so people can have an end to the series, which I absolutely loved. I absolutely loved the Walking Dead show and to get to see the game, how the game story kind of correlates with it. It is very interesting of what they do and what is very similar to what they do in the shows and the comics. To me, they did a great job with the telltale video games for Walking Dead. Next is the Batman telltale series, which was released in 2016. In this game, you get to play and follow Batman as both superhero and Bruce Wayne. You can also choose to deal with certain situations as either Batman or Bruce Wayne. If you choose one or the other, certain things may happen and different things may transpire due to your decisions. And the decisions always matter, and it's really interesting how your decisions affect the gameplay and your future decisions in the game. The game also has different appearances from characters from the Batman and DC universe, including Alfred, Harvey Dent, James Gordon, Catwoman and the Penguin and many, many more. This game was a lot of fun just to see the story of Bruce Wayne, but also the story of Batman, everything that is happening in Gotham at the time. It was a very unique and creative story, and I absolutely loved it. The next game is Tales of the Borderlands, which came out in 2014. The story takes place after the events of Borderlands 2. And I'll be really honest, I have never gotten into any of the Borderlands games. For me, the Borderlands games are just not for me. I don't like the gameplay. I'm not a fan of the graphics. I don't like anything about the Borderlands series, any of the games. Now, I do have the handsome collection on the PS4 for Borderlands. However, the only reason that I have that game is because I believe sometime in 2019, it was one of the free PS Plus games for the PS4. So I did go and try to play one of the games and I only got within five missions, I believe, and I just gave up. I stopped playing it because I was not a fan of it. I don't like it. However, by me playing the Tales of the Borderlands game, the Telltale version, I got to play and enjoy the story of the Borderlands games without having to play any of the Borderlands games. So I absolutely love that because I always thought the story of Borderlands was very interesting and something that interested me. However, I did not like the gameplay, which is why I didn't want to play any of the games. So the fact that Telltales made a game sharing a lot of the story from the video games without the actual gameplay from the video games. That's why I was a huge fan of it. I love the story, but I didn't like the real Borderlands games. And the last game that is on this list for the best Telltale games is Game of Thrones, which was released in 2014 as well. This game follows the TV series and it takes place from the end of season three to the start of season five. Now, for me, I honestly never watched any of the Game of Thrones shows. I've never gotten into the series, but because I played the game, I definitely plan on going back and watching the show from beginning to end because last year, the show did end and they had their final season. But I've never watched any of the shows. So I want to go back and start from the beginning and watch it all the way to the end just because I played the game and I loved the story in the game. In the game, you play as four Forester family members and the Squire, who is the Squire for Lord Forester. So this game has very interesting story. And for me, I don't know anything about the Game of Thrones show. I've never watched any of it. So just to play a little bit of season four from the show in Telltales game, the story I thought is very interesting and it's going to definitely help me understand a little bit more whenever I go back and start watching the show very soon. I think it's going to be a very interesting show. And the only reason why I'm going back and watching the show and trying to get into the show and seeing what the whole hype was about is because I played the Telltale game, so I got a fair amount of different stories from season four in the Telltale game, which I absolutely love. So these, in my opinion, are the best Telltale games that I have played. Now, there's a few others that I have not played. For example, Guardians of the Galaxy. I have not played yet because I can't really find it on the PlayStation store. It's definitely something I'm going to have to try to find a used copy for in stores or yard sales or different things like that. So it's definitely one that's on my list because I love everything Marvel, as I mentioned before, and I absolutely love the Guardians of the Galaxy. And I think it's going to be a great game. I just didn't want to mention it in this video because I have not actually played it for myself. So hope you guys have enjoyed this video. I'm going to leave this video here. Please take care. Comment down below any other Telltale games that I forgot to mention or maybe ones that I just did not play and I'll see you guys in the next video. Please take care. Peace.


So we take it as axiomatic that atoms and molecules cannot react unless they collide with each other and we are primarily looking at chemical reactions you try to emphasize this all the time so essentially we are looking at electronic exchanges and not going all the way down to the nuclei course there are exceptions to situations like where we have to have molecules and atoms collide with each other you could have thermo the thermo reactions that are sensitive to temperature or in thermal response like decomposition thermal decomposition or you could have photosensitive reactions and so on okay. So let us now look at what is called as a law of mass action will just proceed systematically here so as an example if you now take the hydrogen oxygen reaction so we could now think about a change in the number of moles of hydrogen in terms of a decrease and therefore we have a negative one could be equal to a change in the number of moles of oxygen divided by a negative half because for every one mole of hydrogen that decreases you have only half a mole of oxygen that decreases and that could be equal to then the change in the number of moles of water divided by plus one to indicate that this is a gain as opposed to a loss for the other two so the sign and the value in the denominator for these are actually derived from whether they are reactants or products and you could also now look at what is the what is the loss relatively speaking one mole of hydrogen is lost with half a mole of oxygen that is lost to produce one mole of water so that is what that is what we write so if you now consider a general reaction like an algebraic form that we have considered before except we now write nu i single prime script mi gives sigma i equals 1n nu i double prime script mi so previously we had a ni single prime and an ni double prime we have switched to nu i suddenly we became Greek yeah there is a reason for this we will now get into the difference between what is called as a order of the reaction and molecularity of the reaction so if you are now thinking something like half it refers to something like number of moles but if you are looking at a reaction that is happening at the molecular level you cannot have like half a molecule react with another molecule given you are looking at molecules and atoms colliding with each other right so half a molecule cannot react as if it is half hearted or something like that right so a molecule reacts in molecule reacts so we will try to make the distinction over there but as far as what we are doing now since we have a half here you could stick to our notion of number of moles for the coefficients here okay which could be now taken care of by a nu i single prime and a nu i double prime as before which was done by ni single prime and ni double prime and if you want to now write a set of equations like this this is actually a set of equations is actually a set of three equations for three reactants three three species there so similarly you could for N species you could now write N N N equations right and the way we would do is since we have actually accounted for all the N species on either side with a nu i single prime and a nu i double prime and we know that if something is a reactant the nu i single prime is non-zero and the nu i double prime is zero and if something is a product it is nu i single prime is zero and nu i double prime is non-zero so taking that into account you simply have to take its double prime minus its single prime to get you the right sign as well you can get a negative sign if this is zero and that is non-zero okay if you get a positive sign if this is non-zero and this is zero it does not have to be exactly zeros as well you could have like excess reactant excess reactant that goes to the product side which will be of a lesser value in terms of stoichiometric coefficient then on the right hand side then you get a positive well so negative value here as well okay so all that stuff will be taken care of by this notation and then what do you do with all these things that are equal to each other okay so we now say all these things that are equal to each other could finally be equal to a elemental change in a in a in a quantity called psi yeah so we now say this is equal to d psi where psi refers to sky refers to psi refers to degree of advancement advancement of the reaction right so it tells you how much of the reaction has proceeded depending upon how much elemental change in the number of moles has been affected for each of the species okay so now you divide the divide the above equation by volume that means you now look at whatever is happening for unit volume we right so N over V is equal to C which is a molar concentration molar concentration therefore dn over V is equal to dc and look at the time rate of change right that is to say dn over dt for unit volume is essentially dc over dt right now this is very significant here ultimately what we are looking at is the rate of change the time rate of change of concentration of a species of any species okay so of course when you are now saying N it means the total number total number of moles but we could if you put a subscript I that refers to the number of moles of species I yeah so you could do the same thing for any of those therefore you can now do this for all of these that means you divide the entire set of equations by volume and then take the time rate of change in each case then you now get dc1 over dt divided by nu 1 double prime minus nu 1 single prime equals dc2 over dt divided by nu 2 double prime minus nu 2 single prime etc for the general case of the ith species dci over dt divided by nu I double prime minus nu I single prime up to dcn over dt divided by nu n double prime minus nu I single prime nu n single prime so what happens finally right so you now have a dc over dt divided by volume right so you now have okay. So this is what we would like to call as omega which stands for the reaction rate in that sense the reaction rate is a term that is common to a reaction all right it is you now give a you are given a reaction that means it will have a reaction rate okay what is it the rate of what are we trying to measure out of this actually it is something that is common to all the species strictly speaking what we should be asking or be interested in is what is the rate of production or depletion of a particular species okay that is given by dc1 by dt dc2 by dt etc and therefore dc1 by dt will be nu 1 double prime minus nu 1 single prime times omega and so on for each of those species right so that is such so you have like a common quantity reaction rate from which you will now get the rate of production or depletion of the individual species that is how that is how we try to go about doing this. So what does this really mean it is essentially a volumetric time rate of change of the degree of advancement of the reaction so that the reaction rate essentially means a the rate of change of the degree of advancement of the reaction per unit volume so keep in mind there are two things about a reaction rate this is very very important for you to think about all the time whenever you are bringing in reactions into picture the reaction rate is coming it is going to come into picture and correspondingly the rate of production or depletion of individual species it is always per unit time per unit volume okay it is volumetric rate volumetric means per unit volume rate means per unit time okay so these two things are always there and typically in SI units if you are interested in putting this in things like mass balance and so on we are always looking at measuring this in terms of kilograms per second per meter cube right that is what we are looking at we are beginning to look at at the moment of course we are now having a omega here which is essentially looking at the change in the number of moles per unit time so this moles per unit time per unit volume it is not yet kilograms right so that means we have to now throw in a molecular weight so you cannot do that for a common reaction rate the reaction rate that is common to all the reactions you could do so for the individual species because individual species will have individual molecular weights so you can throw in molecular weights for individual species to convert the rate of change of number of moles of those species to the rate of change of mass of those species right that is what we will do ultimately but I am just trying to tell you what what is all coming ahead and what are the important things that we have to keep thinking about so so so if you now keep that along with that line so in general we can say dci over dt if this is actually omega i this is the rate of production or depletion should in fact we should say net rate of production depletion of species i right species i net rate of production of I will explain why we are saying net in a few minutes essentially what you are thinking is not just one reaction here we will now try to have a sequence of reactions in which a species could be produced in one reaction it could be consumed in another reaction okay so there is like a net rate of production if the depletion so that that is what that is what the word net would mean and we will see this a little bit more explicitly but essentially what we are now saying is therefore omega i is nu i single prime double prime minus nu i single prime times omega okay so where are we we are supposed to in this framework we should now be able to write out the law of mass action. So the law of mass action the law of mass action states that right I am not going to write long sentences like you go through in high school there is a difference now states simply that omega equal to k pi i equals 1 to n ci to the nu i single prime this is what you have actually learnt in high school okay now it is all put an algebraic form so this simply means that the so long as you use a nu i single prime as the exponent over there to ci what it simply means is the the rate of reaction the common quantity for all the species that are participating in a reaction yeah is equal to a what is what is called as a rate constant or a specific rate constant case it is not a constant we will now expand on that a little bit more time but it is like a proportionality constant so effectively you are saying the rate of reaction is proportional to the concentrations of the reactants raised to their stoichiometric coefficients right so when you say reactants that means you are looking at nu i single prime keep in mind you are taking like a product of all the all the species so if some of the species are actually products the nu i single primes for them will be 0 therefore they do not really contribute you now have ci to the nu i single prime for them to be equal to 1 and therefore you do not you do not have to worry about it yeah so it is it is it is pretty general expression there and the next thing that I would like to point out is K here K is equal to a e to the – e over or ut sometimes there is a subscript a to e here so to indicate its activation energy but it is essentially activation energy there so e to the exponential e to the exponential to the negative e over or ut or u stands for universal gas constant right in the Arrhenius so this is the this is what is called as Arrhenius Arrhenius law the Arrhenius law essentially gives you the temperature dependence of the rate constant or this rate constant is also called specific reaction rate okay it is essentially the reaction rate for unity concentrations of the reactions the reactants so that is why it is called specific reaction rate but it is also called the rate constant it is not really a constant it depends on the temperature and the Arrhenius law essentially gives you the temperature dependence you can also write this if you want to now include many times many times K equals B T power M e to the – e over or ut is also used is also used that means there is a polynomial dependence of the rate constant on temperature that is T to the M and there is a exponential dependence on temperature okay so the exponential dependence obviously is a lot stronger dependence when compared to the polynomial dependence so sometimes you could you could tend to ignore it and say let us not worry about the polynomial dependence let us simply say take it as a e to the – e over or T right and that there you are taking in only the exponential dependence the exponential dependence is the biggest problem with combustion so what we are actually now going through is in some sense like the is one of the biggest tumbling blocks in solving combustion problems the exponential dependence is a highly nonlinear dependence so essentially this is what and depends depending upon the value of e and typically when the value of e is larger and larger the nonlinearity dependence of K or the reaction rate in general on temperature becomes more and more nonlinear okay so it becomes very very sensitive temperature that means it does not change over a fairly wide range of temperatures but you now cross a certain threshold temperature it just goes boom and what that means is we should now be able to capture this variation within that very very very small change in temperature because because the suddenly changed until then you do not have any reactions happen significantly speaking right and all of a sudden you have all the reactions happening okay so there are very quick changes that keep happening in space or in time depending upon where you are looking at unsteady problems or or both okay so you typically also have a spatial very spatial resolution issue because of these things and this poses a what is called mathematically what is called as a stiff situation because when you are now looking at convection in a flow and then you have a flame and then suddenly when you go to the flame you are now having a sudden increase in temperature right and so long we are not been having such a high variation in temperature so you are okay with resolving the temperature over larger distances and then suddenly over here where the flame is you now have to resolve very very close and now begin to keep track of these fast changes in temperature if you were to do the same thing over there it is sort of like there is hardly much change so you are wasting your time doing that okay so like for example if you do computational methods you would want to take like a very coarse grid relatively speaking over there but when you get to the flame you want to now suddenly have a very fine grid but you are supposed to find out where the flame is and therefore you should be you should adapt your grid and stuff so it is difficult right so typically you now have a much different length scale for combustion than for reactions so if in the same equation as we will see both the reactions and the convective processes occur and they are happening at two different length scales it is very difficult to resolve both of them for the food with the same scale right and that is typically what is called as a mathematically stiff problem and you will get into these stiff problems primarily coming out of this yeah right so we are just beginning to get into the gory details of combustion if you will yeah there okay so let me just box this for you to make it look good one of the things that I would like to say is whenever you are dealing with the Arrhenius law you are always using the universal gas constant never make a mistake never have any confusion about this okay so typically when you are busy writing an exam you are like they use the specific gas constant or universal gas constant what do you do now no Arrhenius always uses the universal gas constant okay so this is something that you are always keeping your mind when you are doing like back of the envelope calculations exam problems and so on okay second point in this course we are now take going to take these as laws that means we are not going to ask how we got these okay how are you going to how did you get these did experiments yeah I guess yeah this is somebody actually took beakers poor things stirred up and started measuring things is it out is it out they figured yes that is that is true they did that okay plus you could also have a quantum mechanical basis for this for example this is what is called as a or B okay so now you can call this pre exponential exponential factor pre exponential factor right so from quantum mechanics we will be able to find out that this actually depends on probability of what is called as effective collisions okay so what is meant by effective collisions what it really means is you need to have molecules that collide actually come in at a particular orientation with respect to each other so it is it is like you have a molecule that means it has a bunch of atoms in a particular arrangement you have another molecule of atoms its atoms in a particular arrangement when you now have a reaction that is going on it is one atom of this molecule and another atom of the other molecule that are the ones that are actually exchanging electrons and creating bonds there and then disrupting other bonds there right that means when they collide you need to have this particular atom of this molecule collide with that particular atom of that molecule that means they should be oriented in particular ways right and the probability with which they would orient in those particular ways is less when compared to if you did not have to worry about the orientation right so all that stuff is buried in the pre exponential factor okay so you can derive these things from quantum mechanical basis and a good graduate course would do this right or we would have a we have another course like physical gas dynamics where you can actually go through all these things yeah so that that is typically taught in the odd semester that is like the ongoing semester now so you can sit in a course there where you can learn all these things but in this course we are now going to keep on adopting the continuum approach that means at a particular point you have a temperature that is defined you have a concentration that is defined and based on the concentrations the reaction rates are going to be determined and based on the temperature there the reaction rate constant is going to be determined by given given by these laws in reality at every point in space where you have reactions happening you have like millions of molecules that are bombarding each other and going through reactions we are not resolving that level of detail yes we do not want to define that in this course right so one of the things that we go through in chemistry is something like a hill that you have to cross and then there is like a height of the hill that is activation energy we do not want to worry about all that stuff okay so because of this mathematically speaking you will also face a problem in thinking about ignition because if this is your think about this if this is your K you now plug this in K and then you now get your Omega right and plug the Omega in here you get a Omega I which is the rate of production of a particular species right now let us suppose that we have a methane oxidation reaction that you are thinking about and let us do something very sinister right this is something that I always do fill up this room with methane yeah and of course we have some oxygen otherwise we will not be breathing here right what is going to happen are there reactions going on or not I just filled up this room with a decent amount of methane are the reactions going on oxygen is there right according to this yes right so of course we have conditioning and all those things so the temperature here may be like about what 20 degree C right so you are looking at like little plug in our 293 K over there right you will now get some value for different values of AE and so on and you plug in plug it in there I will tell you what the concentration of the methane is what the concentration of oxygen is plug it in there and then you know the reactions the new I double prime and new I single prime then you can find out the rate of production of carbon dioxide or rate of production of water or rate of production depletion of methane all these things right you will find some values which are non zero what do you do the means you just fill in some methane in here reactions are going to go on hey that is dangerous what is happening I have not it ignited that means we do not have a flame that is propagating we are not burning yet right and we are still at 293 Kelvin 20 degree C so but there are reactions going on any idea of this number like what would be your omega that would be extremely low 10 to the minus 14 minus 15 that kind of thing for room temperatures okay so from a mathematical point of view what this actually means and we will relate this to what is called the cold boundary difficulty okay that means we really strictly speaking cannot identify reactants as completely reactants okay because even as they are just being reactants they strictly speaking in principle should be reacting and producing products at a very very very miniscule rate according to this right it becomes numerically significant when the temperature rises past a value that is like related to E over R or you okay that is what this means then you begin to have values that are significant the heat release that is significant it begins to hurt us okay and then we get burnt okay so keep this in mind we are not going to worry about what E means to us except to point out that the value of it is going to dictate the nonlinearity of the reaction rates dependence on temperature okay that is what we want to worry about as far as we are concerned okay typically when you have a full-fledged reaction that is going on and you think that you have a flame there the reaction rates are very high of the order of it could be even 10 to the 10 right so we are now going from one end like 10 to the minus 10 to 10 to the 10 so that is another thing so as I told you we are not only having like a very narrow region over the steep price happens but the steep price happens over a huge range so you have to capture this numerically you know that the values that is very difficult that sets the biggest problem as far as combustion is concerned the chemistry that is thrown in there the exponential dependence of the reaction rate on temperature is the biggest will in chemistry okay that makes the whole problem highly nonlinear and very stiff so I guess I cannot emphasize enough about this but we will just move on and then we now say for a system of reactions for a system of reactions so how do you write a system of reactions you now say sigma i equals 1 to n nu i k single prime mi gives sigma i equals 1 to n nu i k double prime mi k equal to 1 to m so capital M indicates the number of reactions that you are going to have right in a scheme of reactions and each of those reactions then the kth reaction will be identical to any of the single reactions that we have seen before okay except we now want to identify the stoichiometric coefficients with the kth reaction as well as the ith species so we now say it does two subscripts new nu i k single prime and new double nu i k double prime these now become like matrices okay so this then means that you are looking at a multi-step reactions reaction sequence why would you worry about a system of reactions or a multi-step chemistry the reason is as I told you sometime back a species that is produced in one reaction could be consumed in another reaction so the net production the net rate of production of depletion of a species will now be dependent on how much is produced in each of the chemical reactions right so that is what we are going to keep track of so we have for a system of reactions notated by this we have omega k we now have the common quantity reaction rate now specific for the kth reaction okay so the kth reaction the reaction rate for the kth reaction is equal to kk p i equals 1 to n C i nu omega i k single prime okay and that is equal to a k e to the minus e k over Ru t p i equals 1 to n C i nu i nu i k single prime right well if you want to do one more bk t t to the mk e to the minus e k over Ru t p i equals 1 to n C i to the nu i k single prime so look at what is going on we are now having a sudden explosion of the number of parameters that we have to consider okay so previously I said these are going to be given to us okay so in a now have a reaction you know what the nu i single prime and nu i double primes are so that was given to you so you are looking at what this was and that is given by this reaction that means we need to be supplied with these two values a and e okay if you now want to further take the polynomial dependence of on temperature then you need to have b m and e okay so for a given reaction you need to be given b m and e these are what is called as a kinetic parameters okay and the information on nu i single prime and nu i double prime is essentially giving you what the reaction is okay it is a capital N and what these script MIs are the nu i and nu i nu i single prime and nu i double prime is what is going to give you what the reaction is in the system of reactions your capital N capital M nu the script MIs and the nu i single primes nu i k single primes the nu i k double primes all this information gives you what is called as a reaction scheme the reaction scheme is nothing but a list of reactions okay so when you see the list of reactions you should be able to find out what is the capital N what is the total number of species okay and I going from 1 to n what are the species script MI and how many reactions are there capital M okay I k going from 1 to m what are the reactions that is given by that that will be identified by nu i k single prime and nu i k double prime or we should be able to deduce all those things given a scheme of reactions but that is only one part of the story that is only telling you what is the chemistry right this species took reacted with this species to produce that species and that else and then some of those species reacted with this blah blah blah and then so you have a scheme then there is another part of the story so one thing is to actually figure out the chemistry the other thing is to actually figure out bk mk and ek for each of those kth reactions these are the chemical kinetic parameters okay so chemical kinetic parameters many times are quite difficult to measure and obtain even if you were to figure out the reaction scheme you see so what we are and then most of the time the combustion expert or the combustion scientist tries to bank on a chemist to get give this information so you have to actually get this information from a chemistry person first of all find out what the chemistry is I mean what is the reaction scheme that will give you the nu i single k nu i k single single prime nu i k double prime script M is for I going from 1 to capital N what is capital N and what is capital M all these things that is only the scheme in addition to this we have to get bk mk and ek these three parameters for each of the reactions that is that is that is a killer many times you get into a trip problem there so here just to record whatever I am saying this is the specific reaction rate of kth reaction and right now omega i remains the same as what we had before right omega i is the net rate of production or depletion of species I net rate of production or depletion of species I this will be equal to sigma k equals 1 to capital M omega ik so where omega ik is rate of production or depletion of the ith species in the kth reaction that means in every every reaction you have some rate of production or depletion of each species right that is omega ik you sum over all the reactions to find out so in one reaction omega ik could be positive another reaction omega it could be negative it is negative that means it is depleting there is positive it is being produced there you know add up all that stuff algebraically right you should now get the net rate of production of that particular species and that is what we will care about the reason we will care about that is because just like how we normally do a mass conservation okay in your fluid mechanics in addition to doing mass conservation for the mixture of species we will also now do a mass conservation for every species now obviously each of the species mass does not remain constant so to conserve does not mean so it does not means it is going to be a constant okay what it means is whatever is the rate of change of mass will be equal to the net rate of production or depletion that is what that is what we will do as we go along so we will factor this in into the mass conservation equation of individual species as an extent so this is going to be very very important to us yeah so omega ik then is equal to nu ik double prime minus nu ik single prime omega k that is like the multi step version of this over here right we did we did this only for one reaction we now do this for the kth reaction and a multi reaction step now we have to plug this back in here add over all the reactions to get the net rate of production of particular species right so therefore omega i equal to this is nothing but dci over dt that remains the same there you see omega i is dci over dt right so dci over dt that is equal to sigma k equals 1 to m nu ik double prime minus nu ik single prime omega k and omega k is vk t to the mk e exponential minus e ek over Ru t pi j equals 1 to n just using a different running variable just to avoid confusion cj to the nu jk single prime right what do we have here what do we have here you now say dci over dt is equal to a lot of things all now put together so we just started learning something and then pretty soon we now have a all of them collapse together right in one line and finally you now have a dci over dt going all the way you have a pi j equals 1 to n cj to the nu jk single prime okay which means this contains a product of all the species which are reactants right in the kth reaction and you now sum over all the k reactions so pretty much all species concentrations are now going to figure in here right as product in one term and then you are going to have many of those terms added up for each of the reactions right so you now have dci over dt for the ith species equal to one term plus another term plus another term and so on each of those terms is for each each reaction and each term contains products of species concentrations of the same species for which we wrote the dci by dt so two things are emerging here one the rate of change of concentration of species I depends on the concentrations of all species practically for in general that means you cannot evaluate the concentrate rate of change of concentration of species I independent of all other species you have to know the concentrations of all species to be able to find out what is rate of change of this right this means you now have for this box you should be able to write I equals 1 to n that means this is actually n reactions for each species so n equations for each species right and all these equations are simultaneous set of equations they are all coupled to each other because the rate of change of this is going to depend on all of the concentrations to find out the rate of change of so if you want to find out C I you now do a time integration of this right see if I were to give the concentrations that are initially present for a set of reactions right from there I should now be able to do a time integration so I now integrate this in time to go to the next next step next time next time okay during this time lot of species would have got consumed lot of species would have got produced all those things are actually present over here that means I have to solve the next DC by DT for the next species and so on so all of them should be solved simultaneously so it is a simultaneous set of first order ordinary differential equations which we have to integrate in time simultaneously for all of them right this is the this is only the starting they are only scratching the surface here now look at the nature of these equations the nature of the equations is first of all these are highly non-linear not because of the hue and cry that I made about the temperature dependence that is the non-linearity in the temperature dependence that is showing up here okay in each of these terms that is bad enough that is something that I will come to next okay the non-linearity is because you now have each of these CI's is an unknown you have to solve for simultaneously and these unknowns are actually showing up as products right so anytime you have products of unknowns you have non-linear equations right and not only that even if they did not show up as products they are raised to possibly a non-unity exponent right so anytime you have like a square or cube or minus 0.1 anything other than 1 is non-linear okay so linear is only one thing which is like 1 okay non-linear means anything else right that is going to screw up your day and making make it non-linear right so you already have a non-linear set of first order ODEs here and then on top of this we will have to find out in reality in real combustion applications we would not know what the temperature is okay and the temperature keeps changing from place to place or time to time or both place and time that means we have to now have another equation that governs temperature and that equation also will be coupled with this equation because in order to solve that equation you needed to know what was the heat that was produced by these reactions to change the temperature and we will see that as we go along and in order for you to solve this know this solve this equation you need to know the temperature so in addition to this n equations that are getting coupled you will also have an energy equation that gets coupled with this okay because the temperature is coupled to the species and the species are coupled to the temperature okay but if you are given temperature it is possible for you to let us say you are now taking like a bath that is now maintained at a particular temperature and you wanted to know what should be the concentration of species that are produced given an initial set of species this is an initial value problem because it is a ODE in time right that means you can integrate in time given initial conditions for the concentrations of the species you should not be able to advance in time so given temperature the energy equation gets decoupled from this set of equations but in a real practical problem you will have both of them coupled and this becomes a nasty set of equations as it is without even worrying about convection and diffusion of species yet. So we are now beginning to begin to look at combustion like right it just becomes gory and gory by the minute from here on see you tomorrow.


What's up everybody? Jason here for jazby's case race icon. This is our last filler guys. Last and only filler actually We're giving away the last six spots in our double header tops chrome hobby break with this 2022 tops Chrome jumbo one-pack break number seven So first we do the break randomized because the names team to distribute the hits out of the jumbo pack then at the end We'll take all 30 names randomize them again and top six get a spot in the double header Roll it got ourselves a six and a one seven times. Good luck one two three four five six seven My go down to Monte one two three four five six seven Braves down to the Tigers Alright, so seven times seven times seven times. So there you go guys again. It does stick to what you got because it is It's just quick little pack filler, but so there's that you can stand look at that. We got an autograph Francisco Perez for the Nationals Nationals autograph there and then Jackson co are Nationals is Michael L It's a little silver there now. Let's switch scenes guys and let's do the pack filler Randomizer for the double header. So top six get in guys. Here we go six times Top six are two and a three five times Five times. Good luck two and a three one two three four and five Boom five times two and a three five top six So 24 sad people unfortunately from Brock down to Brandon not in but thank you guys. Here we go. It's top six Jeremy R Kevin Sean Mattick Jose Zach Paul and Monte there you go. Congratulations top six So there you go guys appreciate everybody. Coming up next is the double header


This next episode of question from sub is gonna be sort of a patron takeover And before we get into a special shout-out to the team keep it clean patrons, the newest patrons Willy C and Pablo 702 So I appreciate y'all because again with being a patron It's something that is it makes it more special since it's nothing that's required I mean it's something that people are willing to do people going out of their way to do to show extra support for the channel And I thank you for that shout out to every single patron The old ones who've been there from the jump the new ones who are more recent and everything in between and everybody I love y'all. I appreciate y'all love everybody But for the patrons, I really appreciate what y'all do of anybody that would possibly like to become a patron If you want to cool if you don't want to cool, it's fine either way, please do not ever feel bad For and do not ever apologize to I seen some people apologize. Oh, sorry. I can't don't apologize for not becoming a patron That does not deserve an apology. It's okay But if anybody who would like to become a patron you can go to patreon.com slash engraving vids And like I said, if you don't want to that's fine as well But getting into it the first question came from my guy Nazarene he said hey, what's good engraving question for you and appreciate you being a patron is Question for you and the fans. So look when Calamari got his contract Everyone was saying that that's the type of contract Lamar should get now that the contract clause has been exposed Do you think the Ravens will have a similar clause in Lamar's contract matter of fact? What do you think the clause in Lamar's contract would be if the Ravens added one appreciate you now? I appreciate you now that first part Everyone saying that's the kind of contract Lamar should get I think for Lamar If I'm him, I'm Not even asking I'm demanding more guaranteed money I'm demanding more guaranteed money because I'm looking at Calamari. I'm looking at his track record I'm looking at the level of success that he's obtained I'm looking at all the accolades and I'm comparing that to me. I'm like, okay That's cool. Shout out to Calamari. By the way, and hope he does well, but he hasn't reached Lamar Jackson level yet So I am I'm saying hey, I need more guaranteed money from jump now the part of your question that I Like the most he said now that the contract clause has been exposed even though they removed it now Apparently, but he said now that the contract clause has been exposed Do you think the Ravens will have a similar clause in Lamar's contract? Oh man, no, I do not because Lamar Jackson throughout his career and and still now like it and it's never gonna stop. He has continued to be disrespected People try to talk down on him as a quarterback as a person and He has continued to be disrespected. I think that there would absolutely be no way no chance at all That Lamar Jackson's camp would allow a clause like that to be in his contract because you know like college every contract gets looked at super close But Lamar Jackson's contract is going to be looked at even closer than any of these other contracts because it's Lamar Jackson We know and if they were to have something in there That would make Lamar Jackson that would make him look bad and that would be a disrespect To him as a quarterback to him as a professional the fellow. Yeah, you got a study. What was it? At least four hours a week. If the Ravens put that in there, I don't think Lamar Jackson would even sign that contract I think him and his camp will look at that and they say don't try us Don't try us with that. No, don't don't put no clause like that because again because it would be dissected and Even before it got dissected and whatnot from the media and whatnot Having to have that in a contract Why would you even pay a guy if you feel like you have to force them to study? Why would you pay a guy because if you got to force somebody to study that means you don't really trust them and a Quarterback of your franchise if you're really paying them all that money. He let you you got a study though What kind of contract is that so they and I don't think that would that would make it to a Lamar Jackson contract Then he said matter of fact, what do you think the clause in Lamar's contract will be if the Ravens added one? Probably free meals for the team at least once a year from the restaurant when I I think I Know That's a really good question I'm sure there would be like they will want to limit certain things that he does in the off season They may want to limit certain activities or the level of activity that he engages in physically in the off season I could see them putting something like that because because again, it's a big contract.  He said what's good in gravy I was watching a live training camp and kept pausing it when they showed the crowd to see if I see you But unfortunately didn't it's all good as long as simply got shown I'll sit right next to simply shout out to him by the way that that's my guy man But yeah, I was sitting right next to him But he said anyways, I think it's a good idea that the Ravens don't pick up a vet wide receiver And here's why I'm off of Lamar having more help and targets However, unlike most teams Ravens have at least two tight ends and one running back on the field meaning they'll they have only two I receivers out there at all times Sometimes three tight ends and one running back. Therefore only one wide receiver out there My point is in our scheme and philosophy Why receiver one and why receive it to get the bulk of the targets mostly why receiver one Which would be Bateman why receiver three four five might not get more than a couple of targets I think losing Hollywood Boykin and Watkins actually helps our current receivers because they'll actually have opportunities to be out there And not be drowned out by other guys. Well, certainly of course Semi Watkins was a starter Hollywood's a starter. So of course losing those guys will give opportunities to Everybody else that's left So yeah, and then Boykin to them removing him that added just another spot that let it every time you lose somebody On the depth chart especially somebody that's in front of you obviously you get to move up a bit So I'm sure all the other receivers. They were not necessarily happy about though, but they probably happy about those other guys leaving He said I think addition by subtraction in this case benefits our current core now Whether or not it benefits the Ravens in the more long term that remains to be seen But I'm very confident optimistic after what I've seen in camp Let me know your thoughts and opinions on this looking forward to all the videos stay safe and peace out Yeah, we'll see Something that we talked about in another video is with the Ravens receivers them just Viewing this situation as I it's my time now.  It can be frustrating But then when the opportunity presents itself It's like are you you want to make the most of it? So this could be the Ravens receivers making The most of it. I still think the Ravens philosophy it does need some fine tuning But I guess if since since they're not gonna fine tune it right well, we'll see we'll see we don't know yet We got to see how they do things But if if they're gonna just continue to do what they've been doing then hey Oh, hopefully it just works out the best way that it possibly came his next two questions came from my boy Phil And appreciate you being a patron. He said this morning on get up Jeff Darlington reported yesterday at Ravens camp He spoke to a few people and was told Baltimore has laid down one of their final offers to Lamar But wasn't able to find out what the offer was since he has no agent You can't find out anyway If you were Lamar, would you accept or put your career on the line and play out the final season of your contract? Because of Lamar gets hurt a third year in a row it could lower his value and cost him money in future office Third year in a row yet that that it that would be Technical but again third year in a row paints it like this dude is some injury-prone player And like he's always getting hurt because again, it's just the way that you say it It's not what you say, but how you say it. Oh, yeah, Lamar getting hurt 30 in a row That would lower his value and cost him money in future office But let's look at what happened and how it happened The first year the concussion Patrick McCarty decided he wanted to play quarterback. He was jealous. He wanted to play quarterback So he threw it that threw a ball to Lamar Lamar went down to catch it was incomplete Lamar went down to pick it up and then boom got whacked landed on his head boom He's out for the rest of the game and as a playoff game too by the way Um, so he just missed the rest of the game.  That's why he got hurt and But it's it's the exact opposite and that's what a lot of these analysts have done too They say oh, yeah Lamar Jackson. He got hurt the last two years He didn't make that to the end of the season last two years. I'm saying, uh, well, that's that's why we say context is so important um but With Lamar Jackson like if if the office is not good enough then no, yeah, you just play play it out you play it out You should not short term yourself, especially if you know your value never short term never short term never low ball yourself never know your worth Know your worth and don't accept anything less All right, this next question He said now since Brady reached out to Julio before he made his decision between Green Bay Tampa and New Orleans Oh, he was thinking about New Orleans. Well, okay Yeah, they do go against them Falcons. He's probably still looking for revenge um He said he's made enough money and wanted the best chance of Uh, the best chance at getting a ring now that he's about 32 years old with the receiver court of mike evans chris garwin Russell gage julio scottie miller Johnson, uh, which causes the younger receivers to lose playing time I know it won't happen since it seems the adc is looking for tall receivers with a height advantage Um, but after garwin went down, we saw the speed that scottie miller showed in the playoffs last year Who I believe is still on his rookie contract Which would probably only cost a fourth or fifth rounder. What are your thoughts? Honestly, um, I don't think ravens need any more little receivers Um, they don't need any more smaller slot wide receivers um, I My personal preference opinion all that Is that they It would it would be more beneficial for them to get Uh an outside guy an outside receiver not another smaller Receiver that's gonna no No more smaller slot receivers Go get another outside guy. You got a lot of smaller slot receivers already Scotty miller. Yeah, he's cool. Great. But I just No, if they got him, okay cool, whatever, but No, man, I think they need more big body guys bigger catch radius is um bigger targets Just yeah, no more no more slot guys for me question came from a boy Zalon, I don't even try to read that name because I know I didn't mess it up already And it's only gonna get worse from here. But anyway, next question came from my guys He said do you think we will see good mediocre or just bad tackling in the pre-season from our guys? No, I think the tackling will be great because it's pre-season And you know ravens in the pre-season they've been undefeated for years And they are undefeated for years for reasons. So it should be great Now let's just hope in the regular season it can be great as well tight end bad luck Next question came from my guy sedaria and he said in grave and hope you and the fam are doing great One thing I've noticed is that when the ravens double-dip it tight in the second tight end draft It ends up having a better career for the ravens while the first tight end tends to flame out Well, yeah, this has been a conversation that's been brought up recently Especially after charlie collard with his hernia injury And now he's I think did he have the surgery already or is he having it this week? I forget but he's gonna have the surgery. So he'll be out for a while. But anyway, um, he said, uh Ed Dixon and Dennis pitta. Yeah, we know how that went Um max williams and nick boyle. Oh Oh That's a good one. I forgot about that one Uh hayden hearse and mark andrews. Well, we know how that's going and now charlie collard and isiah likely Um, he said isiah likely was already the better receiving option and has look great at camp I'm not saying that this will happen again, but this pattern isn't looking good for charlie collard Especially with the sports hernia injury. What are your thoughts? Hey, yeah, that's that's how it's been. Um for the ravens and their tight ends. Um, and charlie collard I'm sure I'm sure that he he doesn't seem to update and all that he doesn't seem this sort of statistic or whatnot So he got to be looking like man. I gotta hear him come back so Um, but yeah, I mean we we just got to see how it it plays out because yeah, that has been the pattern When the ravens they took two uh that that second one that they took end up being more successful So we'll see what happens without their likely. What's up with edc? Next question came from terry Said ain't graven. Hope you in the fam chilling and having a blessed summer May god continue to bless you. I know it's been a minute since that's in the question Hey, it's all good may not appreciate and I appreciate Everything man He said I wanted to ask you this is it embarrassing to say that the bucks have done more for tom brady's first three years in Tampa than the ravens Uh, proving helpful the mars first five years in the league and it's not even that But guys like herbert who hasn't played a single playoff and I can't believe i'm saying this but the jets with zack wilson If you don't mind, I wanted to break it down for you and to have more context if you don't mind And if you don't want to go through it, it's completely fine. No, you know context is everything here, man Um, the bucks had mike evan and chris garwin got antonio brown Russell gauge hulio jones lina for net ronald jones grok and kyle rudolf And they already had a brate and um O.J. Howard too. Can't can't forget about those guys. Anyway, uh, oh and scottie miller too Anyway, uh charges, of course, they already had their y receiver core in austin eckler But jerald, uh, everett shawn slater dion johnson this year's first round pick and quarry lindsley. So, uh, adding weapons and upgrade really upgrading the offensive line Uh, the jets having macae beckton quarry davis Uh, cj uzama, uh, bruce hall michael carter gary wilson lige more mind you zack wilson's second year Sorry for the long statement, but I had to say it. Thank you for being great. Best is yet to come and trust appreciate that um It depends on who you ask if the ravens really, uh Have helped lamar jackson like that.  You saw in his first draft. He drafted hollywood and miles boykin So he tried for the small speedy receiver and he tried for the the big body receiver Um now but both are gone Uh, then he said hey in 2020 He drafted duvenay in the third round. He drafted, um James pro shade in the fifth or sixth round. There you go. He double dipped again Then in 2021 they say hey rasha bateman first round receiver then tylen wireless in the fourth round It's like, okay. So with the draft, um, he's been trying with the draft. They they they've been trying um But then as far as proven guys Oh, they tried for the andre hopkins. Oh, yeah, they fell short They were interested in julio jones when he was still with the falcons when he's getting ready to leave But uh, they didn't they were like, oh, no, they they they decided. No, it's not a good move It's like, okay Okay, and they were interested in javis landry, but oh There were a lot of interest for different guys and whatnot they tried for some different guys, but a lot of it didn't happen He decided sammy walkins And they had hollywood and I think I think that was the best scenario, but then everybody got hurt Because they had hollywood sammy walkins rasha bateman and then duvenay and pro shade um And and tylen wireless too. So and and boykin. So I thought last year they were in a good situation, but everybody got hurt um So I just it didn't get to really be maximized, but then there's been the dez Bryant's has been really sneak who was straight um been saith robert's um They're just like as far as a proven guys They're just the quality just hasn't been there The quality hasn't been there um, and especially when you look when you look around the league you didn't even talk about tour You didn't even talk about jaylin hurts You didn't even talk about baker mayfield Like you you so you you didn't even include a lot of guys who you could have included to make it look even worse Uh for what like the ravens have done as far as lamar jackson with his weapons tight ends though They mark Andrew. So yeah, yeah, that's that's that's a really great one um nick boyle. He's been straight, uh So and hating hurts they had him for a little bit He was cool too, but you know, he just he wanted his playing time. Um, but yeah Uh, they finally like really did a lot better in the offensive line This year really like going at it first round picks free agents um, so that that's good um But yeah, there's just it just seems to have been a lack Um, and this is what we've been just talking about for a long time, man um I've talked about it for a long time And it would be nice to see and I know there'll be a lot of y'all the ravens do things their own way Stop trying to be like these other teams ravens are the ravens. They're not these other teams But you just you you you want to see them Really show like a we lamar. We got you Lamar we got you we We we got your back, man There's all we want to see well, that's all I want to see some people like oh, they already shown that Yes or no depends on what area you're talking about and depends on what you talk to but Uh, just doing more that that's that's what I would love to see the ravens do Expression came from my boy Daryl. He said good evening. It's my first time sitting in the email But how you in the family doing we doing really good. Hope you in the family doing even better Daryl There's no doubt that Lamar will get paid But do you think that if Lamar doesn't get paid and they they use the franchise tag on him Do you think they'll be using Lamar to train up Huntley as a replacement? Because I was watching some highlights of Huntley and his play style reminds me of Josh Allen in some ways How so? um, yeah, I wish you would have dove dove into that a little bit more, uh But I We'll see how this thing shakes out man. I hope it does not come to that I hope it doesn't come to the franchise tag Uh, because if it came to the franchise tag things could get really nasty Things could be really nasty right now, but if it comes to the franchise tag, I think things could they they could get ugly um Because if you if you make it to the franchise tag and that means The offer that you put out there wasn't good enough for him and you You could still want him you still could still want to keep him But you could also move it depending on what franchise tag they used There's that transition tag where It's a certain amount and it's cheaper I believe but the the the team if a team could offer him a deal and if He agreed to that deal then he'll get traded to that team and then the ravens will get to first round picks And the team would obviously get him as a player and they would give him a contract, but Now I will I they shouldn't do that back to your question as far as the franchise tag Do you think they could be using Lamar to train up Huntley as a replacement? I hope not I hope that's not what they're doing. Um, Huntley is cool. We love Huntley um But Lamar is Lamar Lamar Jackson is Lamar Jackson. So I I'd really hope that they do not do that I don't think that they will but anything possible till it ain't possible no more Um, but let's hope that this thing does get done There's the contract I'm talking about not What you were saying in the question next question came from my guy rich Um, he said I ain't graven great veers man. I love your but anyways, also tinkie McLean is too fresh Appreciate that man. Thank you. Now. My question is do you ever hear anything about Lamar Jackson's film study? Hmm I don't know I've never heard anything about it. Um Oh, no, no, no, no, he talks about what am I talking about? He's mentioned that a lot and like even like we've seen it. Um We've seen it like, you know, Marlon Humphrey would go live Uh, when Marlon Humphrey would go live after the games We've seen when he went to to Lamar Lamar would be Watching the the film on the ipad So, yeah, and Lamar's talked about it though. We watch film on this team and da da da And so, yeah, we've heard it directly from Lamar and we've seen the little clips and whatnot of Lamar doing it Uh, so, yeah, yeah, he said I've heard he's a savin on the field And soaks in everything after seeing it once or twice There's a repetition is what a really good teacher People don't realize how much an athlete as elite as him as well as an IQ With that high that put on 15 pounds of muscle correlates to exponential growth. Oh, okay Yeah, we're looking forward to it man Because yeah Lamar done got jack Lamar. Uh, so Yeah, we're gonna see how it translate on the field man. Is it awesome content man? Keep it the good work Oh, and here's one of my songs if you want to check it out. Okay. Oh, he got a little album rich got an album All right now rich. Okay. Appreciate that man. Thank you for sending that So I check it out. Next question came from my guy Mackay. He said hey engraving wanted to get your opinion on This NFL YouTube by respect He said that if you put the Ravens receiving core including Andrews on the Packers of Chiefs, they will become an elite team I wanted to get your thoughts on that because I know you're a big Critic to the core. We have in Baltimore. Keep up the good work so, um This old tfg football you said, uh, it's amazing. Okay, so the original tweet was uh, Brian Goote the the Packers. I think gm On a veteran wide receiver market. I don't think right now. We're really looking to add anything I really like the group we have Then tfg football said it is amazing to me that and otherwise brilliant scout and gm can have such a blatant blind spot For one position group So then somebody responded that sounds like the Ravens Then tfg football responded to them. He said it's a tired narrative in my opinion They've given Lamar good players there, but the scheme and Lamar doesn't don't elevate them I love the Ravens, but drop Bateman brown Wallace Duvenay and mark Andrews into the Chiefs of Packers, etc And that's an elite group Now it's again context is really important. I don't know if he watches the Ravens like that Um, but the half of it. I agree with Half of it. I agree with about the scheme Not elevating them that I agree with Thousand or minus Andrews because the scheme elevates the Titans, but it does not emphasize the wide receivers That I agree with and of course, we know Ravens philosophy. They don't really care about wide receivers like that That's not their thing, but the scheme. Nope. It's not for wide receivers. We know that But Lamar doesn't elevate them that part, um That part I disagree with because How can the quarterback Elevate the players if the quarterback's in the same scheme that they they're all in the same scheme together It's not like Lamar's in one scheme And the players on another scheme. No, they're all in the same scheme together So the the scheme limits the wide receivers big time And I was just saying I say a lot of these guys were on different teams They were drafted to different teams with different schemes that emphasize more in the passing game I'm sure they would be doing a lot better, but Ravens don't emphasize the passing game So yeah, this so yeah, I I disagree with half of what he said next question came from my boy Kevin B He said ain't great man. How's it going? Hope all this will they just keep saying Lamar can't do this Lamar Jackson can't do that. He needs to prove he can do this No, all he has to do is go play Lamar football in half fun Coaches has to put players in position to play at their strengths The less Lamar runs the more energy he'll have and that will make teams put less in the box man That that you brought out the more energy the less that he runs the more energy that he'll have um That that reminds me of the video that we did with um All 22 all 22 NFL films um Because he brought out some really good points about just How much Lamar Jackson has to do and how draining that can be energy wise For him to have to do the things that he does all game long That can take a lot out of you And when he presented that to us, I was like, well, I never really thought about it like that before now You're bringing it up too All right. He said they only stacked the box to stop Lamar run the ball or let Lamar throw it Come on man. It's not that hard. He should not be running the ball 60% of your run plays Stay healthy Ravens. Let's go Lamar Jackson and peace and blessings to all. Yeah, it's really important. Um, that the way that they use Lamar And that they use him more as a quarterback and again like always say he's still gonna get his runs He's still gonna get his runs and that's fine but Let's do a lot less design stuff. Let let him decide when that's that's that's how we should phrase it Let Lamar Jackson decide when he wants to run More than you deciding when he when you want him to run I think that'll be a much better way a much better use of Lamar Jackson Set him up for more throws more short throws deep throws just a mix of everything Um, but let him decide when he's gonna run a lot more than you do You


Thank you everyone and thank you for choosing our session. Today we want to share with you one project that we are very proud of because it has a positive impact to improve people's lives and this is the Employment Counseling System for Syrian refugees and Jordanians in Jordan. But before starting, I have a little background about who we are. Next I would like to introduce my colleague Olga. Hello, good afternoon. My name is Olga Leon. I have more than 15 years of experience in web-based projects. Currently I am working at Everest. I am a digital experience manager in the company and working for United Nations projects. My role in this project was as a project manager. Thank you. I am Paco Grazia. I have more than 20 years a lot of experience in web-related projects, probably about the last 10 in Drupal related projects. Currently I am the head of the Drupal Center of Excellence in Everest and the founder since 10 years ago and also I am the responsible of the digital experience practice in Benelux and Switzerland. For those of you that doesn't know Everest is an Spanish IT company, part of the entity data group. We are in 18 countries and regarding Drupal we have a strong team of more than 100 people executing projects in more than 10 countries. So talking about the project, as you know, due to the ongoing Syrian civil war there are currently about more than 1 million Syrians living as refugees in Jordan. Jordan is a small country with about 10 million people so this is about a 10% of the population. So as you can imagine this is putting a lot of pressure on the infrastructures, public services and the labor market in the country. Despite of that fact and with international support in 2016 Jordan became the first Arab country that facilitates the access of the refugees to the labor market. That was achieved through the signing of what is called the Jordan Compact an international program of support to help the Jordanian government to cope with that crisis. As part of that international support the United Nations through the International Labor Organization is an specialized agency of the United Nations with a clear goal of advancing the social justice and promoting different work for all the people in the world. The ILO implemented a program of support to that agreement, the Jordan Compact to address the special needs of work for the national population of Jordan and the Syrian refugees. And as part of this program of support the ILO set up this project the employee counseling system where technology plays a pivotal role to improve all the all the relationship between the job seekers and the government. This is the first system that targets specifically Syrian refugees in the country that is linked with 13 physical employment centers set up by the ILO in the country. The ETS is an integrated system to support job seekers, workers and employers across Jordan and it has three different functionalities career guidance and supporting coordination with the physical centers access to job vacancies and also to training and internship opportunities for Jordanians and Syrian refugees and also provides job-related services as a possibility to request work permits or report about bad working conditions. Now we are going to put a short video about the project. This is the second system that is the central system and the third system that is connected to the important opportunities. How is the system connected to the work? The second thing is if there is an opportunity for people they will be able to use it a lot. We are going to give the women a high level of care for the mothers, the nurses and of course the first thing. So the ILO ECS platform was implemented by a multidisciplinary team with knowledge in different technologies. The project was based in Drupal 8 and also we have a native Android application and also it is integrated with a call center based in BVX as the risk. The team was distributed along different countries and we had people working in four different countries and more or less nine people from nine different nationalities. The project started in May of 2018 and finished in January of this year. The technical approach that we followed in that project was when we built a web-based platform based on Drupal 8 with responsive design based on bootstrap multilingual support for English and Arabic and also it is integrated with Apache Solar for searches. Also we have mobile application which is developed in Android 7. It is an application that works in offline mode so that users can create and also synchronize them and create the user entities whenever they want in the web application in the web platform. Also it is integrated with a telephone service which is built based on BVX aesthetics. It accepts incoming and outgoing calls and it is integrated with the ECS platform through APIs. Last we have a service layer built over APIs based on the API module in Drupal 8 so that we have third-party integration. Walking through the project the main objective of this platform was to build one platform for all and a customized service for every user so that in that sense different roles were identified during the assessment phase. We have three different roles in the system. We have the job seekers. We have also the counselors and field officers that are attending these job seekers and also we have service providers or employers. From the perspective of the job seekers they have the possibility to get assistance in different ways. They can visit an e-cancelling center by person or they can call by phone through the call center or also they can do it through the internet accessing into the web platform directly. The web platform allows them to register themselves, create their profiles and role in new job opportunities or training opportunities. They can also follow up their candidances and also there is a search engine in which they can filter by different parameters and also create their favorite filters. For counselors, well, counselors can assist users in also in different ways. They can do it by phone through the call center and also they can do it on site, sorry, in person through the different, the 13 counseling centers that are across Jordan and also there is this offline mobile application that the field officers that are placed on refugee camps can create and register new users for the first time into their platform. In addition, counselors have the possibility to act on behalf of the users. For example, of the job seekers or the job employers, they can create their profiles, they can also edit their profiles or they can apply to a job offer on their name. Also they can do the follow up status of a candidacy and the history of a job seeker to know when they have registered for the first time, if they have visited a counseling center or if they have done it through the platform. They can also download a short list of candidates to provide it to different job employers, for example, that can match with some job opportunities and also can do some searches to look for different job offers looking for different keywords or parameters that are in the platform. The platform also provides a ticketing system. This is a system that users can in which users can register or can request for complaints that they can have regarding a job offer, for example, or also they can request for information to manage work permits or health and accident insurance, for example. Also this ticketing system has a workflow so that counselors can manage all these requests. In addition, counselors have a space with some data analysis so they can take better decisions based on this information and improve the platform. On the third role that we have are the employers or the service providers that are creating all these job offers or training opportunities. They can create their profiles also they can edit them and manage the profile. They can publish job vacancies or training or internships opportunities. They can receive the applications of different users when they register or apply to a job offer and also can download the list of users or job seekers that are applying to the job offers can accept or reject a candidacy. Also there is something important in this platform with the service layer that it has any service provider or job employer can integrate their job offers, for example only by calling to the API that is published. Before finishing with this part we have prepared a video so that you can see how each of these roles can interact with the platform. So as a job seeker sorry but here I can see it you can register in the platform and create your profile edit the profile whenever you want you are going to see how you can do it you can edit the profile you can find a job using the search engine that is available in the platform also the platform can provide you a percentage of matching with the different job offers regarding your skills also you can find training or internship in the platform. The counselors they are placed in the counselor centers and they can provide support to the users in person or by phone. They can analyze all the data that the platform has so they can improve the decision in the platform on behalf of a job seeker or a job employer apply to a job offer in the name of a job seeker they can find jobs selecting different parameters and also they can save the filtering update a follow up and follow up a candidacy and as an employer or an employment service you can create also your company profile publish job packages internships or trainings receive the application from the candidates and match them you can accept or reject an application shortlist of candidates and selection of one of them if you want for finishing this session these are some of the key achievements of the platform so far as Olga told you the platform was launched at the beginning of this year in January 2018 we actually have 15 registered job seekers 49 employer companies and 2,700 job packages and actually 68% of the people that are working with the employment service center are coming through the platform so it has supposed a big boost to the whole service because the possibility to interact with these people through a digital way without having to visit the centers is very convenient for most of the people on the region that's all so thank you so much and now your questions I have a question do you have local participation do you have Jordanians or Syrians participating in this project? Sure, yeah, in fact the project manager of the ILO is a Syrian woman she's in charge of all the crises of the Syrian refugees in the region and we also involve some people from the region for several parts of the project especially in the workshops to create all the training of the people and also for example the solution is hosted in Jordan the maintenance is being kept by by Jordan companies so there is a lot of involvement of people from that part Another question Do you have Arabic and Latin names I usually show everything in Latin but I assume they work in Arabic Sure, yeah Does it automatically translate that because there's something that does that but they just have to enter their name No, they are in training information In fact the main language of the platform right now is in Arabic Of course we are using it in English Is it the same Jordanian and Syrian? From what we know it's the same but we are not explicit Because I was curious I saw that in your mobile app you had offline user creation feature Yeah Yeah, we create one of the requirements of the project is that the counselors are coming to the refugee camps with some kind of tablet that they create for that purpose So of course we are not internet there so we created an Android application that keeps all the data on the device on a database, a local database and then when they came to the office they can launch a sync procedure with Drupal and we put the information into the platform using the API from Drupal But after that you need to go back to the person who is the user You have to take into account that there are a lot of refugees that don't have internet at all They are visiting the centers and all the information and the coordination and the actions that the counselors perform with a specific person right in the platform They are maraging people even also the people themselves doesn't have access to the platform Sorry, just a comment As usual there is a functionality which is that the counselors can act on behalf of the users That's the functionality that has been put in place for these cases, for the cases in which users don't have access to the platform or they don't have internet so they can call to the call center or visit a counseling center and counselors can act on behalf of them and apply to different job offers or edit their profile or whatever they need In fact when you call the platform you have to be registered when you call you need a number and once you put your number and all the actions and all the calls are recorded all the things are in the platform No? Sorry, maybe outside Thank you so much and if you have any further questions we are outside