The speed of light, a twirl of dust, and the hearty high old silver! The lone ranger! Full Indian companion cuddle. The daring and resourceful mashed rider of the planes led the fight for law and order. In the early western United States. Nowhere in the pages of history can one find a greater champion of justice. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. Some out of the past come the thundering hoof beats of the great horse Silver! The lone ranger rides again! Hold still there! Hold still there! Wood was one of the most famous sportsmen of his time. Young as he was, he had hunted big game in many lands. He had climbed mountain peaks on which no other man had ever set foot. The stable of fast horses which he maintained at his eastern home was beyond compare. But young Collingwood's great ambition had not been satisfied. He wanted to capture a fleet white stallion which was reported to roll the planes outrunning all pursuers and evading all traps. It was of this so-called Fatum Steed that he talked as he rode across the vast crossover spread in Texas. Accompanied by Dave Hilton, the ranch owner, and Hilton's daughter Laura. Collingwood was saying, I'm sure there is or was such a horse. There's a basis of truth in all legends. Then maybe she'll clean. It is always fine with a smoke. I'll bit my bottom dolly and it will find she goes to horse. Dave, the wild horse hunters I've hired to look for him, say that he's wintering around Mesa Grandley. They're just stringing it. They want to keep the job. Dad, you can't be sure of that. Washington Irving and Herman Melville believe there was a Fatum Steed and wrote about him. Who are those finishers, Laura? Two great authors whose works I read in school about him.  They'll tell anything for money. What about the Mexicans and Indians around here? They believe in the horse. The Carols call him the son of the wind. The Apache name for him is Thunderhoof. They're just plain superstitions. Just the same, I'm going to find out what's behind so many stories. Well, that's your right, Clint. I'll help you all a chance, even though you're going to be in the Senate, Laura, but if you hate to see you spending so much money and getting nothing back for the horse, then...  I suppose you think I've got too much imagination. Well, that's why I like you. So do I. No, I've got a dream, too. It's about starting a big horse ranch. The country needs better saddle start. And the days are coming when there'll be draft horses, even worse. Yes, I can say that. Now, why don't you put some of your money to work building up the way? You could be raising the place in blood horses. We need instead of chasing the ghosts of horses. We could be partners. The horse ranch of Hilton and Collingwood has now been found. Yes. Do you mean that, Dave? Of course I do. But I don't like to give up hunting thunderhoof just yet. Yes, I sure do, sir. The fellas' dreams die hard. Dave, you're a sympathetic man. He's a deer. Yes. Yeah, yeah. We're in coordination to find those wild horse hunters of yours. They had a camp in the cedar breaks along the Rio Rojo when I visited them before. Well, here's the river. Break your up, Steve.  As Clint Collingwood and his companions turned their horses up river, a dozen hard-bitten men whom he had employed on their own word that they were professional wild horse hunters, rose from a scatty meal at a camp in the cedar seconds. Two of them climbed into a chuck wagon, which stood nearby ready to roll. Tex Harper, the leader of the outfit, called to them. Rusty, you and Hank had better cut straight across the range to the cross-o-headquarters.  Tell Collingwood we want plenty of bacon and coffee. We're working for all we can get. Get at that. Yes, Tex. That Collingwood fella must be local. Hiring as horse thieves, there's mustangers, and setting us to hunting a horse that don't exist. Well, of course you better not talk out of turn when he's around. We gotta keep him thinking we're honest horse hunters. And if there is such a critter as Thunderhoof, we need this job to hide behind him. That's so well-awarded. Wanted plenty bad for raiding that herd of army remount. Sure was the wrong play for it. But it looked so easy. The army hadn't put the U.S. brand on those horses yet. Only a few soldiers on guard. Yeah, but we had to plug some of them. Now the whole army's after us. Yeah, that's not all. In order to get away, we had to turn loose every horse except that white deli. Tex, we'd better get rid of him, too. Oh, there's a lot of white horses. He can't be traced. And how come you keep him hidden all the time? Don't want Collie Wood to see him around camp. You know as dumb as that easterner is, he's bound to start wondering pretty soon why it's always us who see the ghost horse and never him. So what? Well, if he shows signs of giving up the hunt and firing us, we'll let him have a look at the army horse from way off. Anything that's white or looks like Thunderhoof. There's somebody coming. Ah, the easterner. He's got the cross-o-balkaness got with him. Oh, there he is. Howdy, folks. How's that? Robert's helping his daughter along to see how things are going. I just sent Rusty and Hank to the ranch to see you. We're out of provisions. We didn't meet them, but they won't have any trouble getting supplies at the ranch commentary. Did anyone see Thunderhoof today? No, ma'am. We've been busy building a horse trap down the river. I'm going to take a look around so I'll be your guest. What's the hype, ladies and gentlemen? That's where Mustangs go to look for these. Tex, I've been wondering why Thunderhoof has never seen him a company of other Mustangs. Well, sir, I reckon he's kind of a lone wolf. But we'll get him. You'll give us time enough. How big do you think he is? No, he's a good 17-hand high. And he's still the white. Hey, Dan! What? I see a big white horse. What?  Where is he? I'm across the Big Mesa there across the river. Yeah, that's he. By the time that she does see a horse, but he's no Mustangs. He's got a saddle on. There's a man on the other side of him. Now he's stepping around in front. He's wearing a mask. No, who's this? Whoever he is, he has the finest horse I've ever seen. I wouldn't believe there was such a horse if I wasn't looking at him. Tex, take a look. I got my glasses on him. That must be Thunderhoof. He looks just like I always pictured him. Then why hasn't he been seen with a rider before? Well, that's easy to answer. A masked owl who'd like him would ride at night, mostly. Let a horse graze in the daytime. There's another rider up there now. An Indian. I see him. But it's that white Italian I'm interested in. I'd give $10,000 for it. $10,000? Well, there are enough boys to get him for you. Now, hold on. I'm not hiring you to steal him. What is the stealing that takes Uncle from an outlaw? That's your creed. There's no custom out here for a fellow who captures or kills an owl who to take his horse in here, providing nobody else who's got a bit of clean to it. Capture both the rider and horse, but don't harm either. But turns out that I can claim the horse. You and your men will get the money. That suits me. We'll wait until they pull it back from the edge of the mason and then go after him. I'm going along. Then so am I. On all or at maybe dangerous. Dangerous fun. Well, you listen to your dad, girl. You will stand right here in camp in that same way. Unaware that they were under observation, the lone ranger and tattle looked down from the mason top and discussed a letter which had been forwarded to them by a certain Padre several weeks before. In it, their old friend Colonel Grayling of the United States Cavalry had asked their help in apprehending the horse thieves responsible for a murderous raid on a government herd. The masked man was saying, Oh, that kind of a crime threatened the future of the whole West. The frontier must have the army. The army must have horses. That's right. Colonel Grayling has determined to make an example of the horse rustlers. He's moving his command into the Rojo Valley with the utmost secrecy. Now, when him say for us to meet him? Today. He wrote that he expected to reach the cross O'Rance this afternoon. He'll establish headquarters there. Uh, me not savvy why him come here. The horse thieves were headed in this direction when the first pursuit party lost a trail. This is Mustang country, so the Colonel suspects that the thieves have assumed the guise of wild horse hunters. Maybe plenty hunters around. How anybody know guilty fellas? He hopes to cast him in the possession of the one horse which wasn't recovered. The white horse the Colonel picked out for himself because he admires silver so much. Uh-huh. Him not buying horse like silver. No, he acknowledged as much. But then he would have been satisfied with it. In examining it, he naturally looked in his mouth. The horse had perfect teeth except for a slightly chipped front tooth. The chip was broken from the right corner of the upper-middle tooth. Oh, that's a good way to know him. He must get back into the saddle easy. He's just thinking about how to make it right. Where we going now? Well, we've had a view of the country. We go back down to the valley and head toward the ranch house. Scouting those cedar breaks on the way. Hold him there. Meanwhile, Dave Hilton and Laura had walked to the edge of the thicket which concealed the camp, hoping to get a better view of the hunt. As Clint and the killers he had innocently hired disappeared at the base of the mesa, the rancher lowered his steel glasses. Be lucky if they catch the mash, man. Why do you say that? The mash is a big place to get known toward mash. Look what the sun is. That must be the chuck wagon coming back. The horses are running.  Should we tell them where the men went? Don't wait. I want to know what scared them. The horses are all going except the wife when we run. Maybe they can't pull out less. They might have done better if they heard about the troopers being at the ranch. Troopers at the ranch? What do they mean? They're getting out of the wagon. As the two horse thieves descended from the chuck wagon and continued their discussion of the whereabouts of their companions in crime, the old ranger and Tahoe drew rain on the opposite side of the Rio Rojo. The masked man pointed to the hoof-torn bank. I know a big party of horses we crossed here a short time ago. Look at that trail. Ah, you see it. Where do you think them go? It appears that they headed for the west side of the mesa. That's a good thing we come down the east side. Yes, they want to avoid being seen before we contact the cavalry. Where do we go now? The back trail of those riders may tell us something about them. So we'll cross here and go on. At that moment, Laura's horse went in. As Hank and Rusty stared into the cedars and drew their guns, the girl clutched her father's arm. My horse has given us away. Look at this way. Let's find a better hiding place. No, no, no. We're in where they are and I guess that we haven't heard them. Well, howdy, fellas. Well, listen, the boss of the cross zone is gone. You can put away your guns. How come you're out here? Well, we're waiting for Tim Collingwood in the rest of the bunch. We're in town, ain't you got it? Oh, across the river chasing a man on a big white horse. Laura and I were down on the bank watching. Didn't you know we were here? Sure. We heard the truck wagging. You heard more than that. You weren't 50 feet away. Well, what was it here? Don't try to run a bluff. We called troopers so you're right to catch it. You're here to spy. Well, I didn't call any soldiers and I'm not a spy. I wouldn't have my daughter along if I was. You figured she'd keep us from suspicioning you. Well, you ordinary horse thief, you can't say that about me. No, you didn't hear it. Like I'm hanging, she's gone. Run, Laura, run. Dad! Dad! Dad! What do we do with the girls? Trust remember whether it's the boys aren't. Take her alone. Listen, I've heard horses splashing in the river. Yeah, I don't hear anything. That is some dead yet. Finish. Pull the girl away. No! No, don't do it. Come on. Get away from your old man. That's far enough, Rusty. Now I'll do a good job on it. The girl's going. Look there! The mess man! The curtain falls on the first act of our lone ranger adventure. Before the next exciting scene, please permit us to pause for just a few moments.  Mistaking silver for the legendary steed, Collingwood set out with most of the gang to capture the lone ranger and dismount. Meanwhile, the masked man and taco had reached the outlaw's camp just in time to keep two of them from killing a wounded rancher, Dave Hilfman. As the lone ranger commanded them to drop their guns, one outlaw yells, Gun for the wagon, Rusty! Hey, there's a ninja in back of it. I'm dropping my gun. There goes mine. All right, fellow, pick up their guns and tear them. Look how he's a wounded man. There he is. They were going to shoot my father again. I know. He's not badly hurt. The bullet didn't tell a tread his head. Here, I'll help you bandage him. You fellows, put hands up. Sure, engine, sure. Hank's right hand went up only as far as his shoulder. Then with a swift movement born of long practice, he smashed off a keen-ed throwing knife, which he had carried in a sheath between his shoulder blades. Puddle leaped in the grapple with him calling a warning. Look how cute he's coming. That's the engine, Rusty. I got hold of him. Get that knife, man. The knife flashed out of Hank's hand. He had aimed at the lone ranger's side, but the masked man's reaction to danger was quick. As he jumped up from the crouching position he had taken in examining the wounded rancher, the blade struck his cartridge-filled gun belt with a clang. Seeing the knife fall harmlessly to the ground, the desperate outlaw rushed the lone ranger. He was snarling. You'll never take me alive. We'll see about that. Look at this. I'll show you something. Hey, make it easy. Help me, Rusty. I can't. The engine's breaking my eye. Hold on, Tonto. I'll take care of this. Hey. Like that? No. No. I'm done. Don't hit me anymore. Don't lie there. You can be tied. You'll get down the same way. I'm on my knees. That's better. That's better. There's a rope hanging on that wagon, Tonto. I'll watch these men while you get it. Excuse me, sir. Hang the heart, please. Sir, sir, you've come too? My skull's too thick for bullets, sir. I've got an internal headache. And it'll cure me to see those bullets get their neck straight. Now, we're not taking the law into our own hands. I only want to make sure they don't escape. After the two outlaws have been tied and loaded into the wagon, Dave Hilton and Laura related what had happened in the camp and explained why Clint Collingwood had crossed the river with the other horse thieves. The lone ranger waved aside their apologies for Collingwood and turned to Tonto. Tonto researched the ticket for that stolen horse the thieves mentioned before they discovered Mr. Hilton's daughter. Bring in our horses. Uh-huh. He's happy. We'd better get started with a ranch with those two wool cats. Then we can tell the soldiers about the others. If the cavalry attempts to capture the other outlaws while Collingwood is with them, they'll use him as a shield and the soldiers will shoot. Certainly the commanding officer wouldn't let them kill an innocent man. Colonel Grayling is prepared to sacrifice his own life from the lives of his troopers in the line of duty. He won't reckon Collingwood's life is being more valuable than that of a private in his regiment. They reckon he'd be right. Maybe I can find the gang and get him away while there's still time. You've been in the lift, danger lad. I like Clint, but you're my daughter. It was a few minutes later when Tonto reappeared. He was riding Scout and leading Silver and another white horse almost as big as the mighty Stallion. What did you find him, Tonto? He stole his picket rope and I'll take a look at his mouth. And what you're playing? It's a stolen army of horses. There can be no doubt of it. You'll hang a lot of them if they can be captured. Mr. Hilton, I'd like to use your standard of riding on this horse. You can wear it. I can ride in the took ways. Getting dark, you'd better start back to the ranch at once. You go with them, Tonto. Take their horses along. And what you do? I have a plan that may cause the outlaws to expose themselves to Colonel Grayling. I'll keep Silver and the stolen horse here. That sounds plenty dangerous. The risk is worth taking. What can I tell Colonel? Tell him to do nothing tonight except keep a strong force of men posted around the ranch buildings and curl out. There, I've got the saddle grip tight. The stolen horse is ready to ride. Why do you think the thieves cast him? They didn't know he could be identified. Well, for another thing, he could have been used as a ringer for thunderhoof. He wasn't seen too close. Here, Dad. Let me help you into the way. No, no, I'm making it all right. How dry! Adios! Adios! You're best! After the chuck wagon rolled away, the lone ranger rode the stolen horse into the gully where it had been concealed. There he left Silver, the great stallion sensing that his master was about to ride away on a strange horse. We need to protest. The masked man responded with a reassuring pat. No, I'm not giving you up for another horse, big fella. You wait here. Come on, stranger. We have work to do.  Get up, boy. The moon was up when the outlaws who had been hunting the masked man and his horse approached their camp led by Tex and Clint Collingwood. Tex was thinking, I don't know how that owl who gave us this lift. We sure tried hard enough to get his horse. He could have crossed the river while we were on the other side of the mason. Now we're coming to the river. Camps up this way. I don't suppose the Hilton's wedded this long for me. Oh, likely not. I sure hope the chuck wagon's back. Better stay overnight with us, Mr. Collingwood. Maybe we can pick up the big stallion's trail in the morning. I don't know. Hey, look! Across the river! What? The Masked Man. Into the river, boys! Let's get him! Come on!  You heard my oars! While the Hilton's and Toto had reached the cross-hole with the prisoners, finding Colonel Grayling quartered in the ranch house, and told him what the Masked Man had requested. He shook his gray head. No one man can bring in 10 or 12 desperadoes. Masked Man has a plan. Give him a chance. A chance to do what, Mr. Hilton? Let the gang escape? No, he's done his part and done it well. Now the army takes over. I'll use my whole regiment. To do what? Well, I'll have the river patrolled. I'll surround the sea to breaks and beat the brush till nothing that creeps, crawls or walks can get away.  I know, Mr. Collingwood. He put himself in danger and you have to take his chance. But Colonel... Young lady! Those horse thieves defied the army. Stole government property and killed good soldiers. They must be wiped out at all costs. Wait just an hour before you do anything like that. An hour? It's nine now. Well, you hide men here, Colonel, like my friends say. If nothing happened by ten, me go out with you. Me show you where outlaws got camped. All right, Colonel. I'll post guards here and wait that long. But not a second longer. As the Colonel made his decision, the lone ranger began to circle back toward the outlaw's camp. Some of his pursuers were shooting to kill, but the stolen army horse was fresher than theirs, enabling him to keep out of bullet range. Tacks were shouting... He's cutting back, Sputz! I'll hit him on! Peter Frank, we're gaining a little. Their horses isn't as fast as I thought. Just don't forget the promise. You'll be paid. Looks like Sputz and his buns are getting heavy. Don't cover it. You can't get away. That's him. His horse is going up. He's falling. There he goes. I told you not to shoot him. Sputz, what's an accident? Get a rope, ready? I'm making a loop. There's where the matchman fails. I don't see him. Forget about him. Watch me take that horse. How's that for a throw? You put the loop right over his head. Don't break his neck. Never mind. Let's copy him. Boys, I see you got the horse. But where's the matchman? Somewhere behind him. Stop some lead. Let's go back and look for him. What for?  He isn't already dead. I'll go back alone. Suit yourself. What do we do with the horse? Take him to the crossroad corral. I'll see you later. Right. Get him. Come on. All right, boys. Let's go. Now flaws were in high spirit as they rolled through a cotton withdraw with a captured white horse. And saw the length of the cross-hole wrench just ahead. Which was being $10,000 for today's work. And no law to worry about. Sure, these horse drops are low. The same I wish college would have come along with us.  There would be all our money here. I quit stewing. With that, I'm brave. Well, he didn't go far. Or live long. There's the corral. Let's pull up the line. Oh, oh, oh. There he is. There he is. There he is. There he is. There he is. There he is. There he is. There he is. There he is. There he is. There he is. There he is. There he is. There he is. There he is. What do you think? You're fair and the man. All right. Start to bring the ladders to the burglars. When you work, he'll see a matchman tonight. A matchman. What are you talking about? A dog lie. Only he could have sent you here. My friend come now, Colonel. Here's five. There he is. Hey, look. The matchman. And look, why is he possible? He's still riding his great horse. Oh, oh, oh. There's Colin Woodward. I see you've caught the game, Colonel. Thanks to you. But how did you manage to send them in? Are we going to prove them guilty? They brought the evidence with them. with him. The evidence? There's the white horse that was stolen. You can identify him by his chipped tooth. Why? Why, he let us catch that critter. And he pretended that fall. We're just the same as hung ourselves. I don't understand this at all. Mr. Collingwood can explain later. I met him on the way here and told him what happened. Please. Please, thanks for having me with you. I'm the better for what happened to you. I've had my fellow hunting horses, especially ghost horses. The masked man has told me that the legend of thunder who started right after the Mexican war. So the horse died long ago if he ever actually existed. So there is no thunder? No. But there is a silver and he lives on. The masked man in Indian is gone. Gone? There was so much I wanted to ask. They were hurt in the leg. Well, we didn't even get a chance to thank them. And we sure owe them a lot. So does the army. But they want no thanks. They've dedicated themselves to the betterment of life in the West. And the achievement at that end, they find their reward. Colonel, who is the masked man? He's almost a legendary figure himself. He's the Lone Ranger. This is a feature of the Lone Ranger Incorporated. Created by George W. Trenville. Produced by Trenville Campbell Enterprises. Directed by Charles D. Livingston. And edited by Fran Stryker. The part of the Lone Ranger.


professor in education in this university. Today I'm going to deliver a presentation on which is one of the most important components of today's world that is distance education which is a need of our besides having conventional system of education. Before going to discuss the distance about the distance education in details, let us have a look on the importance of education what does education imply in the present era that is commonly known as knowledge based era. Whenever we are talking about education we mean that at present education is a prerequisite for gaining knowledge and skills in order to develop human mankind. Education is the only way to bring the welfare of the people of a society as a whole. In fact education is a lifelong process from which people gather life experiences that are needed for them by them for a meaningful existence in a society. Even at present India as a developing country has the basic motto to accelerate human mobility and excellence. Although demographically India as a whole has great potential because demographically where very India is very rich but the growth of manpower and the level of its engagement in productive activities are yet to be fully harnessed. Therefore to make education accessible as possible to all is the important human rights for everyone living in the country. It is urgent need to disseminate information and knowledge to the people through various modes of education. Open and distance learning is the most valuable option for making education as accessible as possible for all. Whenever after knowing the importance of education what does education actually imply after knowing that we must have to know what does distance education reveal. Actually it has emerged as an effective means to bring education to the doorstep of those who are deprived of the educational opportunities in the conventional mode in the mainstream educational institution. This system it means the open and distance learning system offers opportunities to millions of unprivileged learners including those like the self-employed and the housewife who desire for an enlightened and productive way of life. Distance education means a mode of learning through which education can be accessed by the people irrespective of geographical areas physical existence of this space time etc. Event 11 Fipers Plan of the Government of India has made a target of covering around 40% of the total number of students under ODL means open and distance learning system. Today for its flexibility this system is considered indispensable as TAs as far as education is concerned that is getting education at any time anywhere and anyhow. The basic objective behind this system is to make democratization of education possible in India. Why distance education emerged has emerged. Emergence of distance education basically for mainly some facts due to some facts those are that is institutional expansion limited to the conventional system of education era of knowledge society economic liberalization after 1991 post economic reform that is commonly known as post economic reform in 1991 that is the economic liberalization government action towards inclusive growth. Emergence of state open universities for human capital formation and utilizing economic resources in the country. Thus the mode of distance education distance education basically is a mode. This mode is very beneficial for those who dropped out from schools and colleges on economic compulsions and are now engaging themselves in trade and business etc those who made who got married early and discontinued their education in schools and colleges this mode is very beneficial for them those who work in offices and industries without completing degrees diplomas those are required for their profession those persons including housewife who simply could not carry on their studies in the conventional system in time and now their desires to pursue education those who want to get further education for their better better employability infuser and besides besides these factors the audio system and a bolt the in-service persons or professionals to enhance their professional qualifications and training while on the job. Then after knowing the beneficial basic beneficial factors of distance education now we have to look at on growth of distance education in the world it has a actually it has a long history and earlier it was known as correspondence education correspondence education means the teaching learning situation where the teacher and learner have no face-to-face contact they interact only through postal correspondence print is the only media instruction and the printed lessons are the only source of learning for the learner the correspondence education took formal shape in England in 1840 through Isaac Pittman who started using postal tuition to teach certain to many of his students spread all over inland at international level distance education was started in 1883 when a private tutor taught English composition to his students by post providing two-way communication later the academicians thought that distance education was a more appropriate term than the correspondence in distance education students support services and a variety of evaluation methods are an important component distance education is a learner based approach apart from print media distance education includes the non-print media such as radio, telephone, audio kits, video kits, computer and other electronic devices after correspondence and distance education open learning was named in one of the issues of the Pittman's journey in 1929 long before the first open university in the world that is commonly known as UK open university was which was established in 1969 Pittman was the pioneer who introduced the short-hand education through corresponding system for the first time today the open distance learning is the most popular media for learning through which people can easily access the global learning in each or her own doorstep common to wealth of learning the school is an organization that helps the common to wealth member states to harness the potential of distance education and technology to enhance the people's access to learning as here has the largest of adult audience learners in the world which over 70 open universities 13 of which are mega universities india alone has a growing network of 14 open universities 14 open schools and nearly 150 12-moot institutions which collectively cater to over 7 million learners whenever we are going to discuss the history and growth of distance education in india particularly in india and it is found that several conventional universities set up their own directorates of correspondence courses today they are more than 200 universities that have directorates of distance education offering programs through distance mode after establishing open universities UK in 1969 had its bearing impact in india too the first state open university in india was from Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University Hyderabad formerly it is known as underproduce open university was established by an act of state legislature on august 26 1982 on the line of the british open university the first indian open university meant it was to provide educational opportunities to adult learners who could not get a sense of pursuing higher education in the conventional universities and to democratize higher educational opportunities to the disadvantageous sections of the society the second open university to be established was the Indira Gandhi national open university that is all we know that is Hindu in 1985 by an act of parliament as national open university with its jurisdiction throughout the country the list I have provided to all and basically there's 13 state open university in india and one central university that is commonly known we know that there's Indira national open university then the state open university and there's a 13 state open university first in 1982 underproduced by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Open University it is in uh in Hyderabad and the last the 13 the asan krisna kanta hanuk state open university which was established in 2006 Maharashtra Open University Maharashtra Open University Gujarat Ambedkar Open University in 1984 then Bihar Nalanda Open University which was established in 1985 Karnataka State Open University which was established in 1996 in West Bengal let us say Subhas Open University in Kolkata established in 1997 Uttar Pradesh University Tandal Open University in 1999 Rajasthan Burdaman Mahabir Open University which was established 2002 Tamil Nadu Open University in 2009 2002 Bihar Pandit Sundar Lal Sharma Open University Satishkar 2004 Uttar Ancel Open University 2006 in 2006 it was krisna kanta hanuk state open university interestingly at present the share of distance education in the gross environmental ratio is about 20 percent which is very significant because in the conventional system the present gross environmental ratio is about 40 percent or 18 percent now it is i think it is 18 percent in India actually the growth of distance education is in five generation those are widely defined by professor James Taylor who had divided distance education into the five generation which are mainly correspondence based on print technology multimedia model based on print audio and video technology daily learning model based on application of telecommunications technologies providing synchronous communication flexible learning model based on online delivery via internet intelligent flexible learning model based on advanced online technology and today the pedagogy of otl includes delivery interactive multimedia cd rom internet based tutoring learning support enhanced quality interaction anywhere at any time synchronous and asynchronous communication both offline and online communication equal opportunities for learners to participate or contribute interpersonal interaction in between tutor learners peers social networking and collaboration does it has seen that the open and distance learning in our country has already forced many phases but still it has a long way to go in providing education to all if we look at trend of the growth of distance education institution and numbers of learners in the country then from the beginning 1962 the dwellmood of university or institute in India was only one and the distance education institution was one whereas in 2010 the total dwellmood university institution was 242 the numbers and single mood open universities numbers 14 and total distance will be institution 256 this from this table it has found that the trend of establishing open and distance universities is moving fast and thereby audio system is contributing significantly into making education accessible to a large number of people in the country whenever we check the growth of look at growth of enrollment in distance education then already we have discussed that it has now to take over 23 percent gross enrollment ratio in india 23.35 percent to gross enrollment ratio in the country the open and distance learning is a viable option through which it has been possible to make education accessible to all without any social economic and cultural discrimination it's a very fast-moving actually open learning includes removing the barriers and restrictions placed on students as evident in the conventional education system by opening up learning opportunities to a wider range of people and enabling them to learn more continually and periodically in fact audio is a cost-effective way covering a wide section of people in a society at one time cost for instance in online courses the expenditure is a one-time cost for preparing it which covers a large number of people for many years open and distance learning has greater scope to innovate and to put flexibility into the system in order to cater for the needs of heterogeneous learners keeping in view the changes of time and the need and requirements of the society therefore today for its and fantasies section it is called as independent learning flexible learning and more self-learning thank you


The past two and a half years have seen a dramatic change in the security posture of virtually all organizations. By accelerating the digital business mandate, the isolation economy catalyzed a move toward cloud computing to support remote workers, this we know. This had several ripple effects on CISO and CIO strategies that were highly visible at the board of directors level. Now the first major change was to recognize that the perimeter had suddenly been vaporized. Protection as a result moved away from things like perimeter-based firewalls toward more distributed endpoints, cloud security and modern identity management. The second major change was a heightened awareness of the realities of ransomware. Ransomware as a service, for example, emerges as a major threat where virtually anyone with access to critical data and criminal intentions could monetize corporate security exposures. The third major change was a much more acute understanding of how data protection needed to become a fundamental component of cybersecurity strategies. More specifically, CIOs quickly realized that their business resilience strategies were too narrowly DR focused, that their DR approach was not cost efficient and needed to be modernized and that new approaches to operational resilience were needed to reflect the architectural and business realities of this new environment. Hello and welcome to why ransomware isn't your only problem, a service of theCUBE made possible by Druva and in collaboration with IDC. I'm your host Dave Vellante and today we're presenting a three-part program. We'll start with the data. IDC recently conducted a global survey of 500 business technology practitioners across 20 industries to understand the degree to which organizations are aware of and prepared for the threats they face in today's new world. IDC research vice president Phil Goodwin is here to share the highlights of the study and summarize the findings from a recent research report on the topic. After that, we're gonna hear from Curtis Preston who's the chief technical evangelist at Druva. I've known Curtis for decades. He's one of the world's foremost experts on backup and recovery, specifically in data protection generally. Curtis will help us understand how the survey data presented by IDC aligns with the real world findings from the field from his point of view. And he'll discuss why so many organizations have failed to successfully recover from an attack without major pains and big costs and how to avoid such operational disruptions and disasters. And then finally, we'll hear from the technical experts at Druva. Stephen Manley and Anjan Srinivas. Stephen is a 10-time CUBE alum and chief technology officer at Druva and Anjan is vice president and general manager of product management at the company. And these individuals will specifically address how Druva is closing the gaps presented in the IDC survey through their product innovation. And right now I'm going to toss it to Lisa Martin, another one of the hosts for today's program. Lisa, over to you. Feel good when joins me next, the VP of research at IDC. We're going to be breaking down what's going on in the threat landscape. Phil, welcome to the program. It's great to have you back on the CUBE. Hey, Lisa, it's great to be here with you. So talk to me about the state of the global IT landscape as we see cyber attacks massively increasing the threat landscape changing so much. What is IDC seeing? You know, you really hit the top topic that we find from IT organizations as well as business organizations. And really it's that digital resilience that ransomware that has everybody's attention. And it has the attention, not just of the IT people but of the business people alike because it really does have profound effects across the organization. The other thing that we're seeing Lisa is really a move towards cloud. And I think part of that is driven by the economics of cloud which fundamentally changed the way that we can approach disaster recovery but also was accelerated during the pandemic for all the reasons that people have talked about in terms of work from home and so on. And then really the third thing is the economic uncertainty. And this is relatively new for 2022 but within IDC we've been doing a lot of research around what are those impacts going to be? And what we find people doing is they want greater flexibility, they want more cost certainty and they really want to be able to leverage those cloud economics to have the scale up or scale down on demand nature of cloud. So those are in a nutshell kind of the three things that people are looking at. You mentioned ransomware. It's a topic we've been talking about. It's a household word these days. It's now, Phil, no longer if we're gonna get to talk. It's when, it's how often it's the severity. Talk about ransomware as a priority all the way up the stack to the C-suite. And what are they trying to do to become resilient against it? Well, some of the research that we did is we found that about 77% of organizations have digital resilience as a top priority within their organization. And so what you're seeing is organizations trying to leverage things to become more resilient, more digitally resilient. And to be able to really hone in on those kinds of issues that are keeping them awake at night, quite honestly. If you think about digital resilience, it really is foundational to the organization whether it's through digital transformation or whether it's simply data availability, whatever it might happen to be. Digital resilience is really a large umbrella term that we use to describe that function that is aimed at avoiding data loss, assuring data availability and helping the organization to extract value from their data. And digital resilience, data resilience as every company these days has to be a data company to be competitive. Digital resilience, data resilience, are you using those terms interchangeably or data resilience to find something a little bit different? Well, sometimes, yeah, that we do get caught using them when one is the other, but data resilience is really a part of digital resilience if you think about the data itself in the context of IT computing. So it really is a subset of that, but it is foundational to IT resilience. You really, you can't have IT resilience without data resilience. So that's where we're coming from on it. And it's strictly linked and it's becoming a corporate initiative, but there's some factors that can complicate digital resilience, data resilience for organizations. What are some of those complications that organizations need to be aware of? Well, one of the biggest is what you mentioned at the top of the segment, and that is the area of ransomware. The research that we found is about 46% of organizations have been hit within the last three years. You know, it's kind of interesting how it's changed over the years. Originally, being hit by ransomware had a real stigma attached to it. Organizations didn't want to admit it and they really avoided confronting that. Nowadays, so many people have been hit by it that that stigma is gone. And so really it is becoming more of a community kind of effort as people try to defend against these ransomers. The other thing about it is, it's really a lot like whack-a-mole, you know? They attack us in one area and we defend against it. So they attack us in another area and we defend against it. In fact, I had an individual come up to me at a show not long ago and said, you know, one of these days we're gonna get pretty well defended against ransomware and it's gonna go away. And I responded, I don't think so because we're constantly introducing new systems, new software and introducing new vulnerabilities. And the fact is ransomware is so profitable the bad guys aren't gonna just fade into the night without giving it a lot of fight. So I really think that ransomware is one of those things that is here for the long-term and something that we have to address and have to get proactive about. You mentioned some stats there and recently IDC and Druva did a white paper together that really revealed some quite shocking results. Talk to me about some of the things. Let's talk a little bit about the demographics of the survey and then talk about what was the biggest finding there, especially where it's concerning ransomware. Yeah, this was a worldwide study it was sponsored by Druva and conducted by IDC as an independent study. And what we did, we surveyed 500 is a little over 500 different individuals across the globe in North America, select countries in Western Europe as well as several in Asia Pacific. And we did it across industries where 20 different industries represented they're all evenly represented. We had surveys that included IT practitioners primarily CIO, CTOs, VP of infrastructure, managers of data centers, things like that. And the biggest finding that we had in this Lisa was really finding that there is a huge disconnect I believe between how people think they are ready and what the actual results are when they get attacked. Some of the statistics that we learned from this Lisa include 83% of organizations believe or told us that they have a playbook that they have for ransomware. I think 93% said that they have a high degree or a very high degree of confidence in their recovery tools and are fully automated. And yet when you look at the actual results, I told you a moment ago 46% have been attacked successfully. I can also tell you that in separate research fewer than a third of organizations were able to fully recover their data without paying the ransom. And some two thirds actually had to pay the ransom. And even when they did, they didn't necessarily achieve their full recovery. You know, the bad guys aren't necessarily to be trusted. And so the software that they provide sometimes is fully recovered, sometimes it's not. So you look at that and you go, wow, on the one hand, people think they're really, really prepared. And on the other hand, the results are absolutely horrible. You know, two thirds of people having to pay the ransom. So you start to ask yourself, what's going on there? And I believe that a lot of it comes down to, kind of reminds me of the old quote from Mike Tyson. Everybody has a plan until they get punched in the mouth. And I think that's kind of what happens with ransomware. You think you know what you're doing. You think you're ready based on the information you have. And these people are smart people and they're professionals. But oftentimes you don't know what you don't know.  And so I think for that reason, a lot of these have been successful. So that was kind of the key finding to me in kind of the aha moment, really in this whole thing, Lisa. That's a massive disconnect with the vast majority saying, we have a cyber recovery playbook, yet nearly half being the victims of ransomware in the last three years, and then half of them experiencing data loss. What is it then that organizations in this situation across any industry can do to truly enable cyber resilience, data resilience, as we said, this is a matter of, this is gonna happen, just a matter of when and how often. It is a matter of, yeah, as you said, it's not if when or how often it's really how badly. So I think what organizations are really doing now is starting to turn more to cloud-based services, finding professionals who know what they're doing, who have that breadth of experience and who have seen the kinds of necessary steps that it takes to do a recovery. And the fact of the matter is a disaster recovery and a cyber recovery are really not the same thing. And so organizations need to be able to plan the kinds of recovery associated with cyber recovery in terms of forensics, in terms of scanning, in terms of analysis, and so forth. So they're turning to professionals in the cloud much more in order to get that breadth of experience and to take advantage of cloud-based services that are out there. Talk to me about some of the key advantages of cloud-based services for data resilience versus traditional legacy on-prem equipment. What are some of the advantages? Why is IDC staying this big shift to cloud where data resilience is concerned? Well, the first and foremost is the economics of it. You can have on-demand resources. And in the old days when we had disaster recoveries where we had two different data centers and a failover and so forth, you had double the infrastructure. If you're financial services, it might even be triple the infrastructure. It was very complicated, very difficult. By going to the cloud, organizations can subscribe to disaster recovery as a service and increasingly what we see is a new market of cyber recovery as a service. So being able to leverage those resources, to be able to have the forensic analysis available to them, to be able to have the other resources available that are on-demand and to have that plan in place, to have those resources in place. I think what happens in a number of situations, Lisa, is that organizations think they're ready, but then all of a sudden they get hit. And all of a sudden they have to engage with outside consultants or they have to bring in other experts. And that extends the time to recover that they have. And it also complicates it. So if they have those resources in place, then they can simply turn them on, engage them and get that recover going as quickly as possible. So what do you think the big issue here is that these IPT practitioners over 500 that you surveyed across 20 industries, this is a global survey, do they not know what they don't know? What's the overlying issue here? Yeah, I think that's right. You don't know what you don't know. And until you get into a specific attack, there are so many different ways that organizations can be attacked. And in fact, from this research that we found is that in many cases, data exfiltration exceeds data corruption by about 50%. And when you think about that, the issue is once I have your data, what are you gonna do?  So organizations are either faced with paying the ransom to keep the data from perhaps being used on the dark web or whatever, or simply saying no and taking their chances. So best practice, things like encryption, immutability, things like that that organizations can put into place, certainly air gaps, having a solid backup foundation to where data is, you have a high recovery, high probability of recovery, things like that. Those are the kinds of things that organizations have to put into place. Really is a baseline to assure that they can recover as fast as possible and not lose data in the event of a ransomware attack. Given some of the disconnect that you articulated, the stats that show so many think we are prepared, we've got a playbook, yet so many are being attacked, the vulnerabilities, and as the threat landscape just gets more and more amorphous. What do you recommend organizations do? You talk to the IT practitioners, but does this go all the way up to the board level in terms of, hey guys, across every industry we are vulnerable, this is gonna happen, we've gotta make sure that we are truly resilient and proactive. Yes, and in fact, what we found from this research is in more than half of cases, the CEO is directly involved in the recovery. So this is very much a C-suite issue. And if you look at the consequences of ransomware, it's not just the ransom, it's the loss productivity, it's the loss of revenue, it's the loss of customer faith and goodwill. And organizations that have been attacked have suffered those consequences and many of them are permanent. So people at the board level, whether it's the CEO, the CFO, the CIO, the CISO, whoever it is, they're extremely concerned about these. And I can tell you they are fully engaged in addressing these issues within their organization. So all the way at the top, business critical for any industry, imagine some industries may be a little bit more vulnerable than others, financial services, healthcare, education, we've just seen big attack in Los Angeles County. But in terms of establishing data resilience, you mentioned ransomware isn't going anywhere, it's a big business, it's very profitable. But what is IDC's prediction where ransomware is concerned? Do you think that organizations, if they truly adopt cloud and status-based technologies, can they get to a place where the C-suite doesn't have to be involved to the point where they really actually have a functioning playbook? I don't know if we'll ever get to the point where the C-suite is not involved. It's probably very important to have that level of executive sponsorship. But what we are seeing is, in fact, we predict that by 2025, 55% of organizations will have shifted to a cloud-centric strategy for their data resilience. And the reason we say that is, workloads on premises aren't going away, so that's the core. We have an increasing number of workloads in the cloud and at the edge. And that's really where the growth is. So being able to take that cloud-centric model and take advantage of cloud resources like immutable storage, being able to move data from region to region inexpensively and easily. And to be able to take that cloud-centric perspective and apply it on premises as well as in the cloud and at the edge is really where we believe that organizations are shifting their focus. Got it. We're just cracking the surface here, Phil. I wish we had more time. But I had a chance to read the Dribba-sponsored IDC White Paper. Fascinating finds. I encourage all of you to download that. Take a read. You're gonna learn some very interesting statistics and recommendations for how you can really, truly deploy data resilience in your organization. Phil, it's been a pleasure to have you on the program. Thank you for joining me. No problem. Thank you, Lisa.


Hello, my name is Zeke, your name is? Dalton. All right, so here we go for the $1 question. What does ROI stand for? Return on investment. You better get there right. I know you better get there right. You got a whole business. OK, here we go for the $20 question. All right, for $20, what does LLC stand for? Limited Liability Company. I'll be there, corporation. Corporation. Corporation? See, now you got me dialing myself. Oh, hell, what? It's limited liability. It's a company and a corporation. All right, that's right. It could be both. You taking the $20? Oh, you're going for the $50. You two questions away from the $100. All right, so we're going for the $50 question. Let me get my question. So in the stock market, how many companies are in the S&P 500? 500. Thank you for participating, but the answer is 503. They currently have 503 companies inside of their portfolio. He asked the hard questions on the third. You could have won $20 though. All right, man, take care. Hey, man, y'all have a good day, man. Yes, sir.


Hello everybody, it's Liz Giles from Health in Essence with another segment of Coping with COVID Stay at Home Practices. So today, I thought we might address some protocols that we could use to help us with tension, because a lot of us are stressed. Even if we're making the best of it, we're still experiencing some pretty good stress and stress goes right to the muscular skeletal system, right? Tents next, tense shoulders, tense bodies all over. So we want to address that. Also, I want to kind of Zen a little bit, right? Something to Zen would be helpful so that when we start having these like anxiety moments, we can quickly get it under control. Okay, so I'm going to move right along. I'm going to show you some acupressure points today, and I'm going to show you an Ayurvedic practice in breathing, a breathing technique that we can use. So let's start with a breathing technique, because if I can get you to relax right off the bat, you'll be able to learn faster, right? Okay, so I want you to assume this position with your hands, shaka-shaka like they say in Hawaii. Okay, and we are going to just get in a comfortable position. You'll probably be sitting, I'm not right at the moment, but you should be sitting and get comfortable, and we are going to take our thumb and put it up to this nostril and inhale deep and slow. Release, change fingers. Exhale, slow. Slow and full on the inhales and the exhales. Inhale, now change. Exhale, inhale, change, exhale. I forgot to say you should probably wash your hands before you do this and after you do this, just be, you know, COVID safe. Okay, so I wanted to see if you felt, do you feel like how relaxed you felt after that? It's amazing how quickly you can relax with that simple breathing technique, and you can do that for, I don't know, 20 breaths, 10 breaths, whatever it works for you, whatever you need to just kind of get back into your body and go, all right, I'm good. I can deal with this. Dishes are next or whatever. All right, so that's the simple Ayurvedic breathing technique that you can use all the time, anytime. Great before meditating, if you're going to do meditation, which I highly suggest taking some time to do some meditation while you've got the opportunity. Good for you. Getting our anxiety under control or stress under control is a great way to support our immune system. Our immune system does not like it when we are stressed, okay? So we want to get that under control. All right, next let's go to a simple acupressure point that is on the arm, so easy to access for most people. It is between these two bones, the onus and the radius, and we are going to go about maybe four fingers, four fingers on me, might be three fingers on you, depending, and you'll feel in between these bones and kind of like in a valley. If you came up here, and you start feeling resistance from the muscle that's up here coming down, then you're probably right on it, and it'll be a little tender. I actually have a freckle there that, in case I ever forget where I'm going.  We're not digging. We're not trying to find gold here or oil. We are just pressing firmly, indenting, and then the action is to pull down, and we're pulling down toward these fingers with our thumb, right? So press and pull down. Not only does this point release the forearm, the neck, and the shoulders, but it's also a calming point. Really great to know if you're a parent with little ones that sometimes spin out of control and can't get a hold of themselves, and you got to go, hey, get them by the arm, gently, lovingly, and find that point on them. And while you're talking them down, you know, Johnny, calm down. Tell me what's going on. You can be working that point for them and calming them down while you're talking them down. Great thing to have in your back pocket, parents. I'm just saying. Okay, so the next point I want to show you is on the ankle, well, above the ankle, but it's on the leg, and I'm going to show you here. This point, this is an inner point. Now, this is for women, for menstruating women that are having cramp problems, okay? Nothing more stressful than being in pain. So you're going to come up here. You're going to, once again, right here is the malleolus. So we're going to start with the malleolus, another bony structure like the wrist, but on the ankle.  It's going to be an alley. So once again, it's straight down, firm pressure, and then just gently massaging that. You might have to do it for, I don't know, three, four, five minutes. You could do it on both sides if you like, but I guarantee you that after you've done that, if you've done it properly, and not wail, do not wail on that point, that you are going to feel relief, okay? Now, on the outer ankle, this is for everybody. Here's the malleolus again, our friend the malleolus. We're going to do like this for fingers, right, and we're going to come back on to that first bone that we feel, okay? And you're going to feel a point right there on that fourth finger that is going to be tender. This point, same thing, same action, we're going to push in, and then we can just gently massage that, right? This point is pretty amazing. This point is going to work from your hips down to your knees, into the calves, the ankles, and into the feet. Not a release tension in those areas, any discomfort, and it might even actually, for some people, work on certain sciatica discomfort, so that's great too for folks that especially if you're home and sitting a lot, you know, if you're working from home, you're not at the right desk like you usually are when you're at work or what have you, you know, you're binge-watching Netflix, you know, you might end up with some sciatic problems, so this is a good one to help you with that. And I actually have other ones for sciatica that we'll do in another episode, but yeah, this can certainly help. This is also just good for stiffness in general. Okay, so we've got nose, wrists, ankles. What's next? Oh, yes, I like to keep these videos kind of short, so I'm going to close out with, I'm going to close out with a hug, because hey, we're in quarantine or we're at stay at home. Maybe we're by ourselves. Doesn't mean we can't have hugs, right? Okay, especially if hugs are going to be all the more therapeutic by using an acupressure point. So, you're going to hug like this and you're going to hug like this. First of all, just give yourself a good hug. Oh, this is so hard, but I'm going to get through it. Yes, I am. Okay. After the pep talk, you're going to come in here and in between ribs. So where your hands land are pretty much going to be exactly where you need to be and you're going to go in between the ribs and you're going to find the sore spot there. Do you feel it? I feel it. Okay. This spot is good for whole body pain and weakness. And you can hang out and hug yourself as long as you want to. It's okay. Don't let anyone tell you any different, especially if you're working on your whole body pain and weakness. It's a good thing. All right. Under 10 minutes, I've given you four, five different techniques you can use. Have a great day. Stay healthy. Stay safe. Drink lots of water. Work on your immune system. Sleep. Sleep is good. It's actually a good thing. And I will see you in the next segment. Thanks so much for tuning in and I wish you well. I can't wait to see you and I'll be the one working on you next time. Okay. Thanks. Bye.


Good morning, my name is ITTV Olovo. So I'm an ACFL here at the Naval War College today I'll be giving you a full body workout demonstration that you can do in the comfort of your own home before we do the workout Make sure you're properly hydrated and warmed up. Let's get to today's workout So for today's workout, I'm gonna be doing a full-body workout to end your week on we're gonna be doing back and some legs We're working the transverse plane because everything we do in life We're either reaching for something going for something down there Well, I just want you to get used to doing workouts and corpus your whole body in case you don't know how to utilize or Separate your workouts during the week So we're gonna be doing our back in our legs and we're gonna be demonstrating Super-setting workouts with pull-ups and various forms of squats So this is all gonna be in one session that you can do at your home It's gonna be 20 25 minutes max if you're not able to do a pull-up or a chin-up And if you don't have the home equipment such as a pull-up bar that you can get at Walmart or Amazon in your house I'm gonna demonstrate the alternative way of utilizing your lat muscles in your back by using a household item that you might have such as a backpack So first part of this workout. We're gonna be doing is we're gonna be doing pull-ups Super-set it with various forms of squats now. We're gonna do this for five rounds We're gonna do this for five sets if you're able to do the pull-ups I want you to do that till failure because over time the more pull ups you're able to do you'll be able to Do more repetitions of that the better your technique and form is doing the workout So after pull-ups we'll go into the workout with the legs with various forms of squats I'll go ahead and demonstrate for you the pull-up the proper technique. Remember when you get up on the bar I Want you to cup the bar at your house or wherever you have the availability to do pull-ups Cupping the bar is a lot better than grabbing it fully intentionally because when you cup it You're actually activating a lot more of the lat muscles your rear deltoids and the traps and every other part of your transverse plane That's you're working when doing the exercise remember chest out in the air. So you really feel that contraction on your back So let me go ahead and demonstrate So when you do the pull-up remember as many as you can if you're struggling on your pull ups A good technique to do is to just hang there for a little bit You want your body you want your back muscles to be used to doing something that most people can't do to begin With so if you're able to do that and practice it over time you'll get better with the pull-ups So let me go ahead and demonstrate to you the alternative method of working at your back So maybe using a backpack you can fill this up with anything you'd like to make more resistance So when you do the exercise so these are rows lat rows go ahead and get in your squat stance Have your backpack out like this looking up remember burning the backpack up to your chest really feel the lats Contracting on the way up go back down Bring it up do that do that for about 10 repetitions You can challenge yourself by doing it till failure or if you want to put a lot of weight in your backpack Less repetitions get stronger build more power and in doing so building more muscle over time So that's the first part of that workout doing pull-ups or the lat rows And then you're going to superset that with various forms of squats So what we're going to do is we're going to do five Goblin squats or as I like to call half squats followed by five regular squats then followed by five Resistance squats all in one motion. So the goblin squad or as I like to call the half squat is more of an explosive moment So when you get into your stance remember proper technique most of the time We go all the way down on a squat really get the contraction out of the glutes a goblin squat You're more or less going halfway down, but coming up very fast This emphasizes a lot of fast twitching fibers in your quads your hamstrings your glutes. So when you do it like this You're getting that blood flowing building that muscular endurance. You're going to do five of those so five goblin squats Halfway down After those five you're going to get into your stance straight down five regular squats Remember all the way down up contract the glutes come back down go back up So five goblin squats five regular squats followed by five resistance squats So slow all the way down Let it sit there for a second explode back up So five five and five total of 15 squats You're then if you need to take a break during any point of this exercise Please do so you don't have to go back and forth if your muscular endurance over time will get better to allow you to rest less I'm just putting out different options for you if you need to take a minute 45 seconds however long you need to take I just want you to do the workout properly and that'll complete today's workout Thank you for coming with me today on this workout that we did with our full body working our back in our legs Make sure that you utilize these workouts into every day of your workouts mixing it up with other workouts You see on the videos that we have demonstrated make sure you're practicing proper hydrating techniques Stretching and the proper nutrition to stay as healthy as you can I might teach you of your love us from the Naval War College, and we'll see you next time


Hi and welcome to the session. Let us discuss the following question. Question says, find the absolute maximum value and the absolute minimum value of the following functions in the given intervals. Function F is given by fx equal to x minus 1 whole square plus 3 where x belongs to closed interval minus 3, 1. First of all, let us understand that for finding absolute maximum or absolute minimum values of a function in a given closed interval, first of all we will find all critical points of function f in that interval. Find the value of function f at all the critical points and at the end points of the interval. Identify the maximum and minimum values of function f out of the values calculated in step 2. The maximum value will be the absolute maximum value of function f and the minimum value will be the absolute minimum value of function f. Okay idea to solve the given question. Now let us start the solution. We are given function f is given by fx equal to x minus 1 whole square plus 3 where x belongs to closed interval minus 3, 1. Now differentiating both sides with respect to x we get f dash x is equal to 2 multiplied by x minus 1 plus 0. We know derivative of x minus 1 whole square is 2 multiplied by x minus 1 and derivative of 3 is 0. So we get f dash x equal to 2 multiplied by x minus 1. To find critical points we will put f dash x equal to 0. This implies 2 multiplied by x minus 1 is equal to 0. Or simply we can say x minus 1 is equal to 0 dividing both sides by 2. We get x minus 1 is equal to 0. Now this implies x is equal to 1. Adding 1 on both sides we get x equal to 1. Now clearly we can see x equal to 1 is one of the end point of the closed interval minus 3, 1. So we will find value of function f at x equal to minus 3 and x equal to 1. So first of all let us find out value of function f at x equal to minus 3 f minus 3 is equal to minus 3 minus 1 whole square plus 3. Now this is equal to minus 4 square plus 3. We know minus 3 minus 1 is equal to minus 4. Now square of minus 4 is equal to 16. So we get f minus 3 is equal to 16 plus 3. Or we can simply write it as 19. Now let us find out value of the function f at x equal to 1. This is equal to 1 minus 1 whole square plus 3. We know 1 minus 1 is equal to 0. So we get f1 is equal to 3. Here we can see maximum value of function f is equal to 19. So we can say absolute maximum value is equal to 19 which occurs at x equal to minus 3 and minimum value of function f is equal to 3. So we can say absolute minimum value of function f is 3 which occurs at x equal to 1. So we can write absolute maximum value of function f is 19 that occurs at x equal to minus 3 and absolute minimum value of function f is 3 that occurs at x equal to 1. So this is our required answer. This completes the session. Hope you understood the session. Take care and keep smiling.


Diabetes Wellness Day is a day that has been planned by Kaiser Permanente to invite diabetic patients type 1 and type 2 to come and share in a day to learn more about their disease so they can better manage their disease on their own. It bought all things into one place so you've spent a whole day of learning how to take care of yourself. I did learn a couple of terms I had not heard before in the doctor's session and it just bought my attention more to managing my disease in clarity. The goal today was to educate our members to be a resource and just bring awareness to all the preventative services that Kaiser Permanente has to offer and the health promotion services. His doctor Dr. Abibi is phenomenal. She stays on top of managing him and she resolves any issues that he has. She's willing to answer any questions and the ability that Kaiser now has where you can communicate online is really really awesome. This event is highly important because it equips the patient with knowing their numbers and knowing what their targets are so they can go back home and implement their proper diets or exercise they can meet with their physicians they can know what to look for and what to expect and all of this was designed to create inspiration and education. We enjoyed ourselves today this is very informative and we really hope we can do this again next year and a year after. And Kaiser reminds you of when you haven't taken care of yourself what you need to do to stay healthy. And I was reminded today. I hope what I learned today will let me live a prosperous and a healthy life and that's why I'm pretty sure everybody's here is to do better to live better end up feel better. Knowledge is power.


The cervix undergoes dramatic physical changes during pregnancy. Understanding how cervix length, stiffness, and dilation evolve helps clinicians anticipate a timely delivery. While length and dilation are relatively straightforward to measure, stiffness is open to interpretation. In fact, measuring by feel alone could be unreliable altogether. A new study reports the accuracy of a device that measures cervical softness more scientifically, using negative pressure to estimate consistency. The findings suggest a new way of taking cervical stiffness measurements that are both reliable and reproducible. The authors of the study created five silicone models of the cervix. Participants then took turns estimating the consistency of each model. Five self-trained participants measured the models using the Pregnolia system. Users placed the probe directly on the cervix model, and an aspiration force gently pulled the tissue into the probe tip by a fixed distance. Meanwhile, 63 clinicians, 33 of them obstetricians, and 30 midwives used the digital palpation method to grade each model as soft, medium, or firm. For digital palpation, results showed no common agreement among clinicians on the stiffness of the models, except for the softest cervix. In fact, even when assessing the same cervix a second time, 76% of clinicians disagreed with their previous assessment. In contrast, the variation in stiffness measured by the Pregnolia system was minimal. The maximum standard deviation between measurements made by the same observer and that between different observers was approximately 3%. These dramatic differences suggest that compared with digital palpation, the Pregnolia system could be far more objective and reliable in the measurement of cervical stiffness. Incorporating the device in the clinic could help obstetricians and midwives more accurately predict delivery times and thereby ensure the health of both newborns and their mothers.


Now, the fungi, second group, fungi are the heterotrophs, that is they need organic carbon source as their food material and they have to, they are not able to convert the sunlight into energy or food. Fungi are also very widely distributed, present almost in all types of habitats. Their sizes ranges from microscopic fungi to very large ones. Microscopic fungi for example yeast, we commonly use yeast in our baking products, whenever we bake we use yeast. Yeast is a microscopic single cellular fungus. There are very large fungi, for example there are very large and huge mushrooms, we know that they are sometimes and mushrooms you know that these are the edible materials, but not all mushrooms are edible, some mushrooms are very large. These are the heterotrophs, these are the symbionts and these are the parasites, heterotrophs that is they need their food material from producers, that is from the organic source. They are symbionts, usually they make symbiotic relationship that is a relationship of give and take with some other organisms. For example there are some fungi which lives on the roots of plants or some other parts of say large trees and they help those plants in absorbing materials from the surrounding soil and from the plants they get their some parts of the food. They make a symbiotic relationship with many other kinds of organisms, particularly trees that is and plants and the algae. Many fungi are parasites, they also live as parasites that is they live inside or they live outside of the body of animals and plants and they can sometimes produce disease in those animals and plants. Now we talk about some distinguishing features fungi, fungi are from unicellular to multicellular as we previously mentioned yeast is a unicellular fungus. We can see the bread molds, there are some sometimes if we place our bread for longer time in outside the refrigerator for example in a room temperature then we see that greenish or brownish material grows on it. These are the bread molds the fungi which grow on that bread, there some part is penetrated inside the bread and some other part is present outside that bread and we can see a greenish rust or mass on the bread. They can also grow on other materials like different types of fruits. So fungi may be microscopic unicellular and fungi may be microscopic multicellular larger organisms. The body of the fungi made up of filamentous material, their body consist except for some unicellular fungi like yeast, body of the most of the fungi consist of long tubular filament that is long tube like filaments which sometimes may be septate that is they have septa divisions in them, sometimes they are non septate that is they do not have any divisions in them, sometimes they are uninucleated, sometimes they are multinucleated that is some have a single nucleus some have more than one nuclei. So the fungi are categorized into a different kingdom, we know that the organisms are in on the planet earth are classified into five kingdoms, fungi makes a separate kingdom among the organisms which is called the kingdom fungi, fungi have a specific body if they are not unicellular, they are multicellular which makes a filamentous appearance that is their body consist of filaments. These filaments are typically called hyphae when there is a group of hyphae present together in an area maybe in the soil maybe in the say root of a plant the collection of hyphae is called mycelium which makes the body of the fungus, they reproduce the fungi they reproduce both by sexual and asexual means normally they produce by asexual means as we know that they are eukaryotes, they carry out photos they carry out mitosis to produce their young ones that is the next generation but sometimes they also actually reproduce and their life cycle consist of some in part asexual reproduction and in part the sexual reproduction we have a look on their life cycle in a diagram. If you look at the diagram there are two cycles which are running side by side here n means the haploid or the half number of chromosomes and 2n means diploid or the double number of chromosomes. If we look at the side of asexual reproduction as they are labeled then we can see that after germination of the spores they produces mycelium that is body of fungi as we previously described that consist of various hyphae this is this have n number of chromosomes that is half number of chromosomes and they live like this for a longer period of their life then these mycelium they produces spores and for production of the spores they produces some spore producing structures these spore producing structures also have n number of chromosomes that is half number of chromosomes these structures then produces spores those spores germinate to make the mycelia again. So this is sexual reproduction life cycle is a life cycle which in which all the organisms that is all the forms of that particular fungus are haploid that is they have a half number of chromosomes but they can enter into the sexual reproduction sometimes whenever it is required by the environmental conditions what happened that we call this process a plasmogamy that is the cytoplasm of two cells is fused the filaments they comes together in specific area and the filaments of opposite mating types they produces fusion tubes with the help of these fusion tubes their plasma that is the cellular plasma they fuses we call it plasmogamy when the plasmogamy occur then that particular cell have two nuclei one from one cell and one from the other cell we call it a dikaryotic stage that is there are two nuclei present inside the cell and both are haploid both have n number of chromosomes after some time karyogamy occur karyogamy means we know that karyo word means that something related to nucleus after sometimes karyogamy occur and the result is the karyogamy means that the both the nuclei which are haploid present in that cytoplasm they are fused when they are fused they make a diploid nucleus which have two n number of chromosomes that is a say otherwise normal number of chromosomes though we know that most of the part of their life fungi lays in a haploid form then whenever the favorable conditions come the these diploid stage consists which have two n number of chromosomes carry out meiosis and they again produce some spore producing structures and because in this diploid stage meiosis occur we know that the result of meiosis are the cells which have a half number of chromosomes in each nucleus so the spore producing structures because they are produced by the meiosis in the diploid stage so they have a half number of chromosomes and when they make spores these spores also have a half number of chromosomes these spores again germinate to form the mycelia that is body of the fungus so this is how fungus carry out its life cycle.