Hi everyone, Joe for Jazby'scasewrakes.com coming at you with 2022 Panini Contenders Football brand new release just dropped today. Six box, half case, pick your team number two, second half of the case that Jason opened up.  Big thanks everybody here. If you have a tenders two next year, and that means we did that one contenders box, gave away those remaining teams. And we saw, Jay marked all those two so we know they're from the same case. The next pick your team is a half case from a fresh case. I think pick your team three is already in a filler so we could just knock out another filler and get another break of this going. Five autos per box on average. We've been seeing some above average box. Someone was saying that we've been seeing six autos in a lot of boxes so that's good. Jonas autos, I'll take it. Baseball season starts tomorrow. NFL draft coming up. Basketball season's wrapping up. Hockey season's about to wrap up. Playout starting soon. We've got a lot going on on the sports calendar over the next. The Masters Golf Tournament happening in a couple of weeks. Exciting part of the sports calendar. Where's Lamar Jackson gonna go? When Darren Rodgers been assigned. Anyone have any thoughts on that? Looks like veteran wide receiver Jones to reunite with the Lions. Is that Marvin Jones? It is Marvin Jones Jr. going back to the Lions. All right, here we go. Good luck everybody. Kyle Pitts to 199. That'll be for Atlanta. That'll be for Rob. So obviously that's an insert that will ship. These are commons. These will not ship. Stuff like that. That's an insert of course that will ship. We'll do a left right randomized for that. There's the round number of cards that are also like that too. That'll represent all the left right randomizers. Our first autograph is gonna be Britain Covey. Rookie order for the Eagles. That's gonna be for Shawn Matic. That's right, Gilo. Your world champ chiefs hosting the draft in the city of champions, Kansas City. Are you going? Have you entered any of the lotteries or whatever to try to get into the right next to the stage or something like that? Or is it first come first serve? Just have to line up. It's Perry and Winfrey for the Browns. Cleveland, this is for you. Jerry with the Browns. That's a rookie car that'll ship of course. And then we've got Kingsley and Agabarre. It's for the Packers. Joe with the pack.  Are you gonna dress up, Gila? Are you gonna try to get some TV time? All right, we've got a Kirk Cousins autograph. Seven out of 10. You like that! Brian Croft with the Vikings. That's four autographs right there. Should be expecting one more. Yeah, ooh, there it is. That's a nice one. On-card autograph Amad Sass Gardner. That's 47 out of 49, Wayne with the Jets with your defensive rookie of the year. All right, sub-Paul, what's going on? Here's your first five. Next box. Paul's saying Lamar needs to realize that he's not gonna get the contract that he wants. Doesn't look like it, not right now at the moment. But that also doesn't mean he should just settle, right? Something's gotta give, someone's gotta budge. Cleveland really jammed up that market. And Gila's saying, chief's always at the end of the draft. It's almost boring most of the time now. First world pains. All right, another box. A Zion Johnson autograph. That'll be for the Chargers. That's gonna go to Eric Leal. Then we've got Garrett Wilson. So you've got the defensive rookie of the year in the first box. The offensive rookie of the year in the second box. Nice on-card rookie ticket autograph for Wayne and the Jets. Got the Jets straight up. And we've got Kennedy Brooks. Fly Eagles, fly, Sean Maddock with the Eagles. And then I saw this, the Rookie Ticket Stubb autograph. Five out of 86. That's Braylon Sanders, Miami. And that's gonna go to K. Sean with the Finns. We got Miles Garrett. Is that Power Players? Insert to 99. And this will also be part of the left-right randomizer. There's Avery Williams, rookie ticket autograph. Falcons, Rob. Yeah, that's what I was saying, Paul. Cleveland jammed up the market for all the other owners. And we've got another autograph, Channing Tindall. It's one, two, three, four, five, six autographs. Above average box here. It's for K. Sean and the Dolphins. We'll do a quick little recap at the end. Well, in this particular break, it was Wayne who got the Jets. All right, Gilo's saying the only person those contracts work for is Mahomes. Hate to say it. No inside information, Brandon, not at all. We don't, that's not a game we play here. It's people at the right place at the right time. Yeah, well, Gilo, yeah, you're right. There's not too many players where that kind of guaranteed money is available. Or is warranted, is worth it. Patrick Mahomes is one of those few players. Cleveland kind of jammed up the market for a lot of future quarterbacks that are about to be out of their contract or looking for new contracts in the next few years. Can't imagine any owner or GM terribly happy with the Cleveland Browns. This one is playoff ticket card. Out of 199, it's Jerry Judy for Denver. That's gonna go to Joe. And the autograph is another Channing Tindall for the Dolphins, K. Sean. And there's DeMone Clark. Yeah, at the end of the day, I agree with you, Ryan and Harold. Why are we not just, let's just get, let's get a happy Lamar Jackson under contract in the books. David O'Javill, but for some reason, maybe, yeah. Letting a lot of talent walk. Are they maybe looking at a reset, a rebuild? If so, get the trade done, you know? Here's a Chris Godwin Sunday ticket autographed to 99. It's a cool looking card for the Buccaneers. That's for Ryan Harold. And the Bucs won that team in the filler. And we've got a George Pickens. Landscape mode, on-card autograph. Rookie ticket on-card auto, nice one for Pittsburgh. Michael Glucci and his Steelers. Halfway through this half-case break. I mean, that's the gossip around talent, Paul, that Lamar Jackson had maybe intentionally had overstated the nature of his injury. Could have played, but maybe didn't. There's some rumblings about that. I don't think we'll ever hear the, know the exact truth until much later, but that's what some of the rumblings seem to be. Towards the end of last season. There are some games that had playoff implications that he did not participate in. What teams make that move? That Lamar Jackson move. You think the Colts do it? They got a pretty high pick. Ravens could kind of reset their team with another top quarterback. There's Matthew Stafford to 99 for the Rams. Steve H. There he is right there. Our next autograph is a dolphin, Tanner Conner. Rookie autograph for Cajun and the Dolphins. So I'd say that the Colton Falcons both said they weren't interested in. They both need a quarterback. Yeah, see now this is the time of season where you don't want to, it's poker, right? You don't want to reveal your hand, lose leverage. So I'm sure a lot of teams are like, nah, we're not interested when they're really actually are interested. Here's Chance Campbell, 22 out of 99 for the Titans. That's going to be for Shawn Matic. Cleveland, this is for you. Jerome Ford, rookie ticket autograph. Go on to Jerry. Do the Vikings. Could the Vikings be interested? We've got a Calvin Austin, the third on-card autograph for Michael and the Steelers. And nice, Aiden Hutchinson, rookie ticket, ticket sub-autograph on-card, 38 out of 97, heading out to Detroit. Robert, Robert G. With the lines, nice. Gilo's got a hot take. Lamar's going to go into Leveon Bell territory. Interesting. Is this based on any information or just your gut feeling? No, I mean, even for a quarterback that uses his legs a lot, I don't think he takes close to the beating that running backs do. Well, of course they're going to say that, Paul. No one's going to say, oh yeah, we'll guarantee, we'll commit to guaranteed money and lose their leverage. So that's what they're going to say publicly. Behind the scenes, though, who knows what's happening behind the scenes? No one really knows. I'd say the same thing. Fouls chasing after Lamar Jackson. I'm not saying anything about guaranteed money. I'm going to try to avoid that as much as possible. Another box. Ooh, and a plate. Plate autograph, wow. That's Brian Robinson, Jr. Wayne with the commanders. Gets the rookie ticket on-plate autograph. A silver ticket. Are there different levels, maybe? Maybe there's a gold ticket? That's 14 out of 49. And we've got a Trey McBride, 42 out of 49 playoff ticket on-card autograph. That's for Steve and the Cardinals. We've got Mahomes, supernatural. 83 out of 99. That's for the Chiefs, that's going to go to Jeff. Then we've got rookie ticket autograph, Marcus Jones. Yeah, I feel like, why is Lamar Jackson not, why doesn't he have an aide? Why is he representing himself? Like, I get it, you know? Patriots brand-in with the pads. Maybe you don't want to give up that extra agent fee, but it seems like a headache to me. I would be like, fine, go ahead, take whatever, take the 10% or whatever you guys take and you guys handle all of this stuff. I don't want to deal with that stuff. Here's Britton Covey, rookie autograph for Sean Maddock and the Eagles. We've got D'Angelo Malone, rookie ticket autograph for the Dirty Burks. It's going to be for Rob and the Falcons. Two, three, four, five. Could there be a sixth in here? Still a lot of cards left. Yes, we got a Thayer Mumford, rookie ticket autograph for my Raiders. That goes to Ryan and the Raiders. All right, final box coming up. Good luck everybody. Right, who wants to do math? I'd rather just play football. Who wants to figure out contracts and incentives and escalators and de-escalators and length of time and cap hits and non-cap hits. You want to take this as a bonus. You want to take not as a bonus. You want to defer money, not defer money.  How many years, what are options? Are there opt-outs, club options, player options? No, thanks. Redemption, any guesses on the redemption for bragging rights? I don't know who the redemptions are. We got Hassan Haskins, rookie ticket on-card autograph for the Titans, Sean Matty. And we've got Teagan Quatoriano. Quatoriano. That's for the Texans, that's for Ryan Harold. We've got a Cole Turner rookie ticket autograph. That's for Washington, that's going to go to Wayne. Does he have a business? I don't know. Does he have a business degree deal? What a majoring in college. Speaking of the Ravens, there's Pepe Williams, Baltimore, Jerry of the Ravens. And we got a Jared Bernhardt rookie autograph for Rob and the ATL.  Are these short printed? Maybe. Goes to Jerry and Baltimore. And we've got an Alex Wright autograph. Cleveland, this is for you. And that's Jerry as well with the Browns. So one, two, three, four, five autographs. What's the sixth one going to be? It's going to be rookie cracked ice ticket, Tariq Wollin. He's your autograph. Is he a ray? I think he's a bird team. He's a sea hawk. That was close. That goes to Justin and Seattle, bird team. All right, there you have it. There's your break, ladies and gentlemen. Now let's do the left, right randomizers for these cards and the round numbers cards as well. So let's go to random.org and I'll do a quick recap too. And we'll go left, right, roll it, randomize it. Side on top after 11. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, and 11 in final time. So right side teams will get them. Next pick your team in the store right now, jaspyscasebrakes.com. Thanks everyone for getting in, appreciate it. Pick your team three is in a filler right now. So if we knock that out, we can unlock another break. Get that done later tonight and then we can work on the next pick your team and then the next and the next and we'll keep going from there. Thanks everybody. This is Joe for jaspyscasebrakes.com. I'll see you next time for the next break. Bye-bye.


This is Think Tech Hawaii, Community Matters here. Aloha, and welcome to Business in Hawaii with Reg Baker. We broadcast live from the Think Tech studios in downtown Halalulu. We have some very sophisticated technology and technicians that are helping us broadcast today. We are a show that focuses on positive stories, success stories of individuals and companies in Hawaii. And we learn a little bit about them and their secrets to success. Before we get into that, I just wanted to mention that last week I was not able to host the show, but I was busy in Washington DC at the SBA's regulatory fairness board hearing, provided testimony, and also participated in the board meetings. We've got some excellent opportunity ahead of us with the new administration to address some of the regulatory challenges that small businesses have throughout the country. So far, we've got about 300 in the pipeline of changes that we want to make in order to make things better for the small business to thrive and be profitable. If anybody has any suggestions for more regulatory change, please let me know. And you can email me at reg at regbaker.com, and I'll reach out and we'll get something going. Now, without any further ado, I'd like to introduce Dennis Wong, who's the senior vice president of Hawaii National Bank. He is here for, I think, the third time. So welcome back. Thank you, Rich. And we've got Leah Hunt Young, who is the president of Goldwing Supply, who's been a company in Hawaii for many years. And she's going to give us a little bit of history on that. And I guess we've got a history with Dennis as well. So you guys have worked together for a while, correct? Yes, we have worked quite some time yet before myself, my dad. Right. So Dennis, you worked with Leah's father for a while? Yes, Frank Young, dating back to, well, the mid-1980s. So over 30 years. Wow. It's nice to have that kind of relationship. Very blessed, and it's very unique. And I guess you've been able to see him pass the torch on to Leah, and Leah, and you picked it up, and you're running with it now. Yeah, yeah, it's, I mean, you make it sound so easy. In fact, this is just part one. Part two is going to be next week when I add on to your 300 that you just gave us. Oh, OK, well, look forward to that. Yeah, yeah. Yeah, you know, I mean, my dad laid the foundation for the business, and that was a number of years ago, and he had a very specific set of skills in aviation mechanics. And when he came back home to Hawaii from San Francisco, he started a parts business and specializing in aircraft parts, and then we moved over to lighting, and then we expanded into renewables. Lighting in an airport environment, or? Correct, yep. So lighting anything that goes on an airfield, so that includes the taxiway, runways, signs, navigational aids, such as windsocks, PAPI devices. So everything that goes on an airfield, that's FAA-approved. Dennis has seen some of the projects that we've worked on in the past, which includes the traditional lighting that you see out on an airport, in addition to some more innovative solutions that we've provided for our military bases as well. Hmm, that's amazing. We've, I don't know how many we have, but I would imagine there's quite a number of airfields in Hawaii. Some we are knowledgeable about. We can see every day, and others we may not. Yeah, you know, I have to say that a part of it is what is attractive to me. I prefer to work below the radar, and working in an airport environment is you just kind of keep your nose to the ground and you do what you do, and it's not a big flashy environment, but what we do is very important for the Hawaiian Islands especially, but also the aviation industry in general worldwide. It's connected to aerospace and the development of that on a scale is massive. All the connections of people that are involved, how truly a butterfly in Tokyo can cause a tornado in Texas. But just think for a moment, not that it would ever happen, but what would happen if we didn't have aviation anymore and there was no more lights on the runways?  Halt, right, and you know what is interesting is that I actually was in Los Angeles during 9-11, and I was on one of the first flights to get back to Honolulu, and the only reason why I was allowed on that flight was because I had an FAA designated badge, but I tell you it was the most eerie thing going through Los Angeles and it was completely... Blackout. It was a blackout, and there were only seven people on that flight coming in. And then Hawaii actually had a moratorium for quite an extended amount of time, more than the mainland US. I think we were down, even our helicopter threw down for about seven days thereafter. So you could hear a pin drop, which is unusual. It didn't get hit on the economy when that happened. That, and it was just eerie and unusual, and something I'll never forget, of so much respect for flight and the maintenance of flight, it's, yeah. You don't really miss something until it's gone, and I guess it's significant when it's not there. Yeah, yeah, it is. I mean, I think it's something that is addressed at Verge, Hawaii every year too. The leadership and state get together and talk about the importance of aviation and the connection of fuel and all that impact that it has in the state and also the environment. Now, we could probably talk about aviation in Hawaii and the world for that matter for quite a while, but let's look back a little bit back to the business. When you began to transition into the role of president at the company, that must have been an interesting process for you to go through. You know what it was? And it was a process that took a number of years because I am my father's daughter first, and so there's a whole set of other challenges that come with that, and being in the aviation industry as well. So it's a very male dominated industry, and I also work with a lot of military officials as well. So I had to find my way through these sorts of dynamics. After I went to college at Santa Clara, I went to mechanic school, and that's where I really earned the certification of being an aircraft mechanic, and then I went on to get my pilot's license, and that was kind of a direction I thought I was gonna go. Aviation was home to me, so I really felt like that this is where I would be. I then pivoted into playing professional beach volleyball, which was fun. That took me to a lot of places, and that was really cool, but I also returned for a large portion of the year to the company, and in the earlier years, like in 2004, then I really decided that I'm gonna sink my teeth into the business, and I'm gonna really have on my stake in it, and that's when my dad really said, okay, well, hey, listen, take this renewables division and do what you wanna do with it and see what you can do. So that really was the first time he extended something to me that was my very own, and that developed, but I mean... And how did that work out? When he gave that to you and said, here, run with it, let's see what you could do. Was it really all hands off or how? It was like, oh, never mind, oh, but I can do or what you can do, but so I mean, there was a lot of patience for both sides, because you have the second generation coming in, but truly you have to respect the foundation of the first generation, what they did, but also mind your long game, which includes the evolution of your marketplace, your audience, which in our marketplace, it was the FAA regulations, military procurement regulations changed as well, and all of that had to do with how we are gonna survive in this industry, and also the leadership changed as well, being from my dad who was known throughout the industry for all these 20-something years. And it must have been hard for some people to, well, wait a minute, I'm supposed to go to Leah now, not the dad. Yeah, you know. So it took a while. It did, but I have to say that my dad was, he had the foresight, first of all, to set us up as a women-owned small business, which is amazing, because in the 80s, that wasn't really the cool thing to do, so he did it in industry that was male-dominated, he had the foresight to at least set it up that way.  I really enjoy my clients being in industry, and the passing of the baton was at a good time too, because his strengths were different from mine. So I mean, when your company evolves, you have to look at how does the personnel, what are the strengths of the personnel, and what are the challenges of now that personnel in this industry. And I think for us, the fact that I did go to aircraft mechanic school, that I could actually help our customers, because some of us, you know, we still do like a Napa Parts store for aircraft. You know, so I still am able to help the customers in that way, but. You can talk to Lingo, you know what they're talking about. I mean, it's gotta give you some credibility. Well, in aviation, it has to, because it's not an easy invitation to the industry, and you really have to earn your keep, you know? And so I truly respected what my dad did, and yet I had this fire in me where, you know, I wanted the innovation, the entrepreneur in me, where I was like, you know, I wanna do more with this, and I can see us doing more with this, and when we partnered with some of the greatest companies because aviation is the gold bar, you know, within all the industries, we deal with a lot of cutting edge innovation solutions and manufacturing, and so being able to cross that over into other industries was fun for me to do. Well, and we talked a little bit earlier. You've got some experience with the University of Hawaii, too, and they have a little component over there that kinda helps with that. Yes, yeah, thank you for mentioning, because that actually was an integral part during the transition. I'm actually the membership chair of the University of Hawaii Family Business Center, and that is, I know, close to your heart, and it's been wonderful because that network allowed me to meet individuals that were very similar to us, even though they are all in different industries. We're the only aviation industry, aviation company, but you know, the challenges are very similar across the board, and it makes you feel normal, and it gives you patience, and also insight as to what are other people doing? You know, you don't have to invent the wheel when you're in a environment like that. And you don't have to make the same mistakes. I mean, if people can share what they did wrong, that may be better ways of approaching it, you can learn from that and save a little heartache. Yes, tremendously, and the resources that I had, utilizing those connections were very vital to us at the time of our transition as well that really helped us.  I mean, what's an outside person looking at this? What did you see that was going on? My perspective is I saw the founder who loved his business and loved his craft and customers, yet having to transition and wanting a successful, successful transition to his daughter and having them come together with different thoughts, different skills, and having to work together as a family. I saw, on the other hand, Leah coming in with the background, the knowledge, the training. It was a perfect fit. It wasn't like trying to take somebody to succeed a business, but actually having somebody come in with the love and passion for this type of business and wanting to take over and build more for the next generation. I thought the combination matched very well and both wanted the same thing to succeed. Well, and they wanted the legacy to continue. Yes. You know, and that's a common goal that they could work together to make sure that it happens, but it takes a special guy, not, you know, a special person to have the confidence to be able to pass the paton on to the next generation, you know, and stuff. And having somebody with the background to succeed in that, to not try to fit a square pig in a round hole. That's what I'm saying. True, yeah. Well, we're gonna have to go on a short break. And when we come back, what I wanna do is take a little bit of time and explore what your vision for the company is going forward. So, this is Business in Hawaii with Reg Baker. We're here today talking with Leah Hunt-Young of the, she's the president of the Gold Wing Supply and with Dennis Wong, who's a senior VP over at Hawaii National Bank. We're gonna continue this conversation in about 60 seconds. Aloha, I'm Marcia Joyner, inviting you to navigate the journey. Spend the time with us as we look through and discover all of the ins and outs of this journey through life. We're on Wednesdays at 11 a.m., and I would love to have you with us. Come, navigate the journey. Aloha. Hello, everyone. I'm DeSoto Brown, the co-host of Human Humane Architecture, which is seen on Think Tech, Hawaii every other Tuesday at 4 p.m. And with the show's host, Martin Desbang, we discuss architecture here in the Hawaiian Islands and how it not only affects the way we live, but other aspects of our life, not only here in Hawaii, but internationally as well. So join us for Human Humane Architecture every other Tuesday at 4 p.m. on Think Tech, Hawaii. Aloha, welcome to Hawaii. This is Prince Dyches, your host of The Prince of Investing. Coming to you guys each and every Tuesday at 11 a.m. Right here on Think Tech, Hawaii. Don't forget to come by and check out some of the great information on stocks, investings, your money, all the other great stuff, and I'll be your host. See you Tuesday. Aloha, and welcome back to Business in Hawaii. We're here with Leah Young Hunt, who's the president of the Gold Wing Supply Company and with Dennis Wong of the Hawaii National Bank. We were gonna transition into a discussion a little bit about, now that you've got the baton and you've got some control over what's going on, where do you plan on going with this company? Well, it's been an exciting last few years. Definitely, as I mentioned before, my dad set us up as a woman-owned business back in the 80s. And I continued to set up important corporate milestones for us. We actually received our certification as a woman-owned small business, as a disadvantaged business enterprise. Those are big advantages. That opens some doors for you. It does, it does open the doors. We do a lot of business with the federal government, so DBE has an impact there. And then we also went on to go after our 80 certification, which is also within federal contracting as well. And we set our sights a little bit more aggressive and we went ahead and got our GSA schedule recently. All right, and explain to me what that means. The GSA schedule allows you to sell products or a service on the federal forum. So it allows anyone within the federal government to purchase directly from your company and you already negotiate pricing. So pricing is generally fixed. They can just submit a P.O. without even having to request for a bid. And that's anywhere in the country? That's anywhere in the, yeah, country and then also any military bases abroad. So, you know, any of our bases that are in Osan, Japan, Germany. Yeah, all over. And so does that create any special challenges for you? Have you started doing that yet or is that something that you're about ready to start? You know, it was, I've actually been researching the program since 2001. So your company definitely has to be in a certain position with corporate structure-wise, but also just the documentation and your company's ability to take on contracts or to work on that scale. So you have to have the manpower and the expertise, the talent and all those things. So it took me a lot to figure out, you know, when is that for our company? And it took our company a little bit of time to mature into that. So we've actually only had that contract for just over a year and we were just recently, well actually a few months ago, we're still negotiating it, but given our first sole source contract through the program, which is wonderful. And it's within our wheelhouse, which is fantastic, it's within aviation. So thank you, thank you. Yeah, that's very good, congratulations. And I guess some of these other certifications too, you're still gonna continue to explore how you can make the most out of those. Yeah, the last certification that we're going for is our HUBZome. So that is really kind of an interesting one for us within the aviation industry and being native Hawaiian women-owned. So we're actually the only native Hawaiian women-owned company in aerospace in the world. In addition, we have a lot of other services that we're adding on, including renewables. We actually morphed into a technical solutions company where we truly go after hard to get, kind of the in-getable gets. And people come to us really interesting challenges. So it's really fun. Well, one of the real interesting things that I learned from talking with you is that you invented a word or almost like an industry. Can you explain a little bit about that? Yeah, I did, that's really fun. So a number of years ago back in, I think 2001, I mentioned to you, my dad kind of handed over the renewables idea and was like, I don't wanna deal with that, that's too techie, right? For let the young buck go after that. So we worked with a manufacturer that at the time was a pretty small manufacturer out of Canada and they were creating standalone, self-contained solar devices. And if you look around, they're on our US Coast Guard buoys. We actually helped bridge that connection with aviation for them. And in 2007, we actually did the world's largest solar remote controlled airfield over at Pacific Missile Range on Kauai. So that was really super cool for me. I mean, if you can imagine, actually proposing the solution and demonstrating the technology and going up in training, and it was really fantastic. And actually, Kauai National Bank was with us the entire time. So that was our first really big, big, big award. And for me, it was the feather in my cap. I think I needed that. And what was that word you created? Oh, yeah. So that word was a solar collagen. Solar collagen. Yeah, and that word actually, I just trademarked that, or registered that word a few years ago. And that had to do with how we pitch solutions to our clients. So whenever we pitch a solution to our client, we always talk about the educational process. So we would always talk about why our particular solar-powered product was essential and why the components were essential, et cetera. So it was just natural for me that I should create the word for it. So solar collagen means a self-contained, stand-alone solar-powered device that has a battery and smart technology. So in itself, it's pretty simple. It's basically a tiny microgrid, you know? That definitely sounds high-tech. But, and Dennis, like Leah mentioned, you've been there, you've been working with them. And I guess as this business grows and expands and gets bigger and starts getting these contracts and have to deliver the product, Kauai National Bank is there to support and help with that, right? Yes, it's great because Kauai National Bank is an SBA-preferred lender. So we actually can approve loans in behalf of the SBA. In addition, you know, we have other products that we deal with, the USDA, and we actually customize or tailor-make our products to the certain project, job, or circumstance they're in. So they just come to us with what they're looking for and we will design something that'll fit them. Good. And that's what's nice about dealing with a bank that focuses on that segment of the market that's a little bit, they're nimble, they're quick. You have to be responsive because to be a small business and be successful, you gotta be able to be quick and be able to pivot and take advantage of opportunities. Relationships has got to be there and you have to be updated and to communicate with each other, right? Where do you see the future for your company, for you and your company? Well, it's, like I said, it's been pretty exciting these last few months in particular, last couple of weeks, actually. And we are getting a lot of interest in partnerships and that's kind of coming out of a few different places within the aerospace industry, within even the defense side as well. So we're really exploring, you know, what is our, and really hunkering down because the last few years, we've really focused on achieving these corporate milestones that we wanna take a breath and just go, okay, who are we? What do we wanna do? This is the scope of opportunities, which is wider than I thought it was really gonna be, which is exciting. It could be wider and it could also be deeper. I mean, this could call the catapult you right up into a whole different level. So I've heard, yeah, so I've heard because it's interesting, you know, when I went to that conference last week hearing that a company is very similar to us.   It's so warm and fuzzy, but you know, for me, I truly feel like, you know, we're connected. My workers are connected, we're connected to the industry. We have to have both a short and a long game and that's really important to me, not internally, but where we sit in the marketplace and that's changed really quickly over the past few years. So we kind of wanna take our time. Well, and that makes sense. You don't wanna rush into something and then regret it. You gotta make sure that what you're gonna be doing, you're gonna be serious about making it work. Yeah, and be a part of it too, like truly be a part of it. This didn't happen by accident. This took a lot of planning, a lot of strategy and a lot of hard work, not only you, but your entire team to get you to where you're at today. You know, as far as sharing any knowledge to people that are out there and they're maybe looking forward to having something like what you've done. I mean, this is a real success story for Hawaii. But there's a lot of people out there that wanna try and replicate or do something similar in their own industry. What do you recommend for them? I mean, how should they approach this? Well, I think you can never overlook bridging connections and it sounds very simple and it sounds very vanilla, but truly that means that looking at connections at who you are in your company, who your talent is, what the, you know, the swat strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats just within your company. And then look at how is your company in relationship to the industry and how is that industry evolving as well? And where with those strengths, can you put yourself in the industry to succeed? And, you know, working smart versus working hard and really being patient about opportunities that are presented to you and, you know, counting on your team because, you know, for me, even though I was part of the aircraft part side and all that and I really worked from the ground up, you know, I know that what I do on a daily basis is not the same as what my workers do on a daily basis.  And we have to say, well, what about this or what if you did that or what's next on your and try to bridge those connections for them. And for us, it's interesting. We sit in a very unique place in the industry because we are connected with airport operator, the operating staff in addition to engineering and the electricians. So because we sit in a different position, we see all of these little industries within their organization operating, we are able to bridge connections for them and say, well- They're like little silos out there and you have to provide the bridge to connect them. Right. And that's one thing that I can say that we do really well is we connect the communication between them and then we also do that with other airports. So oftentimes we're giving a workshop and we've got Wheeler talking with Pacific Missile Range and we've got them talking to K-Bay and Anderson Air Force Base even. So lots of sharing of information and expertise which is the networking that we're talking about, bridging connections on all different levels. It's fascinating. And I think we probably have enough to talk about for another entire show on some of this. But Dennis, we've got about 30 seconds left. Any final thoughts about what Hawaii National Bank does to help support small businesses and make Lea successful? Well, what attracted me to the bank originally at Hawaii National Bank was its involvement with the small to mid-sized business. We like to refer them to locally owned, closely held businesses. It's a relationship value that we have, the closeness, the connection. And I like dealing directly with our customers. So it's been a great career with me with 35 years at the bank. Very good. And it's nice to have those relationships. If you mentioned, we've all mentioned the value of those relationships and how that is one of the keys to success for any business, large or small. So, but thank you both for being on the show this week. I'm looking forward to having you back again. Dennis, as always, you can come back whenever you're ready to talk again. And Lea, please, let's have an update as things unfold and you explode into this global marketplace. We'd like to hear all about it. Thank you so much. This is Reg Baker, business in Hawaii. We broadcast live every Thursday from two to two 30. And we highlight individuals and their companies in their successes of doing business here in Hawaii. It is challenging, but there are people who can make it work. Until next week, aloha.


Typically, at the end of the year, I usually do like my favorite photos of the year. And I wasn't going to do one this year, but I've decided I want to start 2021 off on a positive note. So this video isn't going to be about the negative stuff. I'm going to show some of my favorite photos of the year. My name is David Patton. When I started photography, I wanted to make art. I wanted to be a landscape photographer. But with a family to feed and bills to pay, I decided it would be better to be a working photographer than a starving artist. So I took a job as a photojournalist. 25 years and thousands of assignments later, it was time to go back to my first love. It was time to follow my passion. Come along on my journey to become the best black in my photographer I can be. Whether it be film or digital, sharing what I learned through my successes and my failures and hopes to inspire and educate. This is my journey. This is Bright and the Edge. Now it's pretty slim pickings this year. I usually have a little bit more to show for myself at the end of the year. But looking back, I have a few photos that I kind of like. So I thought I'd go ahead and share them in this video. So the first photo from 2020 was a stump and some moss. Back in January, I started the year with taking a walk around the low-water mark of a reservoir near my house. And I was really attracted to the moss and the texture of the moss. It was kind of like a carpet. The light was at a really good angle and the stump added a lot of structure to the image. It's very, very simple, very minimalist. One thing I did do pretty good in 2020 was because I wasn't able to photograph a lot, I made sure that most of the time when I was out making images I had my video camera alone. That's something, right? I'm trying to figure out a composition here. It's fairly cluttered. I'm thinking about using this kind of one tree as kind of the anchor point for the composition. I really like the kind of dusting of snow on these leaves. The second shot came in February. It's probably one of my favorite shots of the year. I really like this scene. The dusting of the snow, just a great atmosphere. It's composed very basic. The tree is pretty much dead center. It's kind of like the tree standing out front with its army of trees behind. This next shot came from first of three backpacking trips I took in 2020. This was to the Oregon Dunes. I was out looking for a good place to shoot dune photos. I was really struggling. I came across this detail shot that I really liked while packing out in a forested area. I really liked this moss or fungus. It was kind of an abstract image that I kind of find appealing. I don't think it's something that most people would actually enjoy. It was my plan in 2020 to backpack more or go out more overnight on more overnight trips.  I had two shots from that backpacking trip from the Oregon coast. The second shot is a shot where I actually found some dunes after I'd backpacked back out to my car and drove to another location to do a little scouting before I headed home. I found an area where the dunes were exactly what I was looking for. Unfortunately, I didn't find them until later in the trip, but I was still able to make a few images in those dunes that I actually liked quite a bit. This image is one that I really didn't think that much about when I made the video, just a simple wide-angle shot with a nice texture and lines leading back to a dead stump that's mostly buried in the sand. The Oregon Dunes is one of those areas where I went to just before the pandemic hit, and I had planned on going back to do some more photography. I just never got to. I'm hoping in 2021 that the Oregon Dunes and those dunes in particular are going to be on my list of places to visit. So in March, I did a video testing Delta 100 shot at 50, developed for 50, basically overexposing and developing to get finer grain structure. This image came from that experiment, that video. I was very happy with the results I got from this little experiment, so much so that I decided I would go ahead and make Delta 100 my go-to film for the rest of the year. In May, I got out for a quick shoot after being in lockdown quite a while, and this image was the last one I had made while out making that video. It's very simple, but I was really attracted to the simplicity of it. I was attracted to the light tone of the fern against the dark background of the fourth floor. I also was attracted to the contrast between the shape of the defined triangle shape of the fern versus the repeating pattern of the fourth floor underneath the foliage. It's not something you would probably see in a portfolio, but I do like the image. This next shot was from that same shoot in May, and it's just a real simple panel of a creek, a creek scene. I had learned a while back that I could effectively stitch film frames to make panels, just like you can in digital. I really never really did that much, and to a quarter, it made actually a pretty good size, a negative. So every once in a while, if I saw a scene that I liked as a panel, I would shoot it in film with medium format film. I just like the peacefulness of the scene. It's just a nice, peaceful, simple bore scene. I didn't do a lot of panels this year, but it was one of my favorites. So in June, I got out for my second backpacking trip of the year into the Oregon Badlands Wilderness. It was a hard trip. It was no water. I had to carry on my water, so I was carrying my medium format camera gear. It was a lot of weight. I wasn't able to go a long ways in, just far enough to get me back in there to where I could have a base camp and then kind of shoot from around that area. It's probably one of the more productive trips I took this year. Well, I only took three backpacking trips. But I really did like that environment, the rawness of it, the difficulty of life hanging on in that harsh environment. I'm most attracted to that. And this first image is just a real basic shot of a tree in really good light. It's smack dabbing center. It's all about the texture. We've got some sagebrush. We've got some plant life underneath. You can see that's kind of an environmental portrait, but the textures of the gnarly bark of this decaying dead tree has probably been dead for many, many years. And just going back into the earth. I just found this extremely appealing image. It's not beautiful by any means, but it is interesting. At least I find it interesting. The second shot from this trip was another fairly close-up shot of another dead tree. But what I found so fascinating about this tree is it still had most of its limbs. And they made such a cool graphic element to the picture. Getting up and get up close, having the limbs all around, going off in all directions. Kind of gives it a real abstract feel. Again, it's a shot I really like that I don't think a lot of people are going to really like. The end of June took me out on my last backpacking trip of the year. And this time I was in the Mount Jefferson wilderness in a burned area. It burned many years ago. And there was just still a lot of skeleton, a lot of remains of trees still standing, kind of like a ghost forest. But what I did notice on this trip was a new forest is coming up amongst the dead trees. That's kind of a nice story. That's kind of a nice juxtaposition, having the new trees and the old trees.  Their fate will be the same as the one in the foreground at some point. But amongst those trees you see the seedlings of the younger forest coming up. That's kind of cool. This shot is one I really thought much of when I took it at the time and when I made the video. But as I look back on it, all of them, it probably has more of a story showing the process, the cycle of life in the forest with fire and with death and with new life. And this next shot also came from that backpacking trip. It's a panorama. It was one of my favorite panoramas of the year. And this one was also focusing really, it was about the trees, about the ghost forest. I really liked the side light highlighting the edges of the trees against the shadows in the background. So this next shot came in July. A simple wildfire shot in the most unlikely of places for me. This was in an empty lot across the street from the apartment I was living in at the time. It was the shot I had to travel the least for. This shot illustrates that a lot of times you don't have to travel very far for an image. The kind of things I photograph, it's not really about the place. It's more about the essence of nature in black and white. I usually don't have to go that far. I think the farthest I went this year was about 150 miles. But everything else was within probably 60 miles of my house. That's fairly typical for me for photography. I happen to live in an area that I have so much at my fingertips. I have so much here to photograph that I don't have to go a long ways to see. The shot that I made in July, I was out experimenting with trying to stitch two frames together with my medium format camera, my 645 medium format camera, to get a square crop. Just seeing what it would be like to shoot with a square format, not cropping the film, but actually making the negative bigger. I came across this chaotic scene for these trees. And this is another one of those shots that only certain people might like. It's very chaotic. The darkness of the tree trunk is really the only thing that holds your attention. I like that my eye wanders around the frame, around the chaos, around the foliage and the limbs going everywhere. Then I can come back to the center and find a place to rest. It kind of reminds me of a painting. It's a little more abstract. I think I like that painterly feel of the image. That's probably what attracts me to it. So October brings this spider shot. The only thing that's that different about this spider shot is that this highlight in the background, I really worked hard to try to line up the spider with these circular highlights to give it that kind of spotlight effect. November. I'm out looking for some light colored foliage. We've got autumn going on, autumn color. A lot of people are shooting colorful autumn pictures. I'm out looking for light tones against dark subjects like tree trunks. And I thought this was pretty effective with these three darker tree trunks with their pattern, the vertical lines being broke up by the lighter colored foliage going up. So December. We're back to where we started. A similar subject. Shooting a stump. The only thing different now is I'm shooting it with a different format and with a new camera. It's one of the first images I made on this new 4x5 camera I picked up. It's a new format for me. I haven't shot 4x5 for many, many years. So it feels like I'm starting over. This will be the story going forward in 2021. A new format. New adventure. Well, I appreciate you coming along for the little trip down memory lane. Remember some of the positive stuff that happened in 2020? Because there were, even though there was a lot of bad stuff, some of these images make me smile. I had some decent trips and I came back with a few photos that I did like. And that's all you can ask for. So until next time, Thanks for coming along for the ride.


Garret Cole takes the loss in this one allowing five runs over five innings. He was caught by Kyle Higashioka. Let's hear from him What were you seeing from Cole today? You know, I I thought I Thought he wasn't you know as bad as as the line looks, you know They made a lot of quality pitches You know just we just happened to get You know, they just happened to get that that big hit in in you know the right situations There was some soft contact some tough calls. Could you sense frustration from him this afternoon? Little bit. I think I think we're all a little frustrated And then you've slowed down a little bit offensively from the beginning of the season just how are you feeling at the plate? What do you think's going on? Making some adjustments right now You know, it's feeling feeling better than I did a Week or two ago, but you know just still not hitting the ball hard enough often enough What what adjustments do you make so that happens? There was just some directional issues with my Stride and and you know, it's causing me to to really close myself off, but You know without getting into details. I'm just Just trying to make sure that I have you know, keep that margin for area my swing You know, I've had to had to be a little too perfect with the timing so you know when I get one it's good, but You know, I'm not hitting the ball hard often enough Tom Miriam go ahead Kyle given the standings the fact that you only have six more games against Tampa Bay the rest of the way Did you mean more than a split in this series? I Mean, I guess we'll just see after the season's over Anyone else Jordan Horibin go ahead Garrett had talked about his his fastball being able to Locate at the top of the zone being really important for him How how key is that in terms of sort of unlocking the effectiveness of the rest of his of his offerings? It definitely helps you know the fastball at the top of the zone it's just you know because he throws so hard and has the You know so much late life on his ball it It's really a good equalizer for the Ossie pitches and You know, it's definitely one of one of his his main weapons Joel Sherman, please unmute Kyle your manager continues to say that your the team's best baseball is ahead of it And he's been pretty consistent about that a non-insignificant amount of time has passed in the season more than a third Of the season what why should it be believed? I assume you believe it also Why should it be believed that there's a lot better than has been performed so far this year? Well, I think you know some guys and myself included You know our have have kind of underperformed a little bit So far but I mean At this point in the season, you know, we still got two-thirds of the way left I you know, I have all the faith in the world that that we're gonna we're gonna get hot and you know Hopefully we get hot at the right time, which is you know heading into you know a playoff run. Hopefully so You know that that's you know, we just we just have to keep the faith and keep grinding and and make sure that we're just


This is Nathan Hill, who is the Samoan Professor in Chinese Studies and Director of the Trinity Center for Asian Studies, as some of you may already know, and he's going to be giving a talk about the syntax of subordination with verb adjunct and binatic verbs in the old Tibetan and Anana. Just a terminological issue to start with, so I call an infinitive when I have a verb followed by the suffix do, followed by a verb, and then I call a verbal noun when I have a verb followed by the suffix par, followed by another verbal noun. So you can see already my kind of structuralist approach, right, where I'm just telling you what the morphology is and how I'm saying what I call it. But let's say par is definitely some kind of nominalizer, so par is a nominalizer in the termative case. So anyhow, this is the terminology I use, infinitives and verbal nouns. And then we're interested in these two verbs, which are to request and to agree. So these are both, you know, verb adjunct, and we're going to look at their syntax. So first, first half is about request, and the second half is about agree, more or less, I think. So subordinate clause is governed by the verb sol, request. We have in the old Tibetan Ramayana, we have infinitives occur in direct speech, and terminative verbal nouns occur in the narrative frame. So that's a, you know, I don't know. First, we just observe that distribution, which is kind of interesting, right. So all examples of sol governing infinitives in version one of the old Tibetan Ramayana. So there's about five different main scripts. I'm not going to go into the whole manuscriptology, you know, photocology side of things, but basically there's two versions of the old Tibetan Ramayana. And I only read version one because it's the older one. And then, you know, read historical linguists like to read old things. And then also version two is a copy, basically a version one with certain kind of editorial changes. So it's also a little bit more, you know, you get more one at the long, right, if you're working on version one. So anyhow, they only occur in, in direct speech. And in most, the speaker is requesting something from the addressee and is saying, you know, please do some action. So here are just some examples. So I request that you send a letter, he said. And I offer my daughter, I request that you accept her. Thus, he brought his daughter and offered her. And then in example three, I request that you ask them, he said. So these are all requests by the speaker to the addressee that the addressee do something. Now, in example four, the agent of the supported noun is not the addressee, but it's generic.  So you can see, you know, it's a me. I read out just so you are convinced that there's a soul in it. And that it's so talk to soul, it's the, what do I call it, infinitive description. Okay, so I think that's interesting, this general one. So maybe if we have to read this fourth example as a kind of passive, maybe we can read them all as passive. Yeah, that's my conjecture. So we could say, request that a letter be sent, request that she be accepted, and request that they be asked. Where, you know, basically it's a question of what's the meaning of the construction versus what's the meaning of the circumstance, sort of semantics versus pragmatics, right? So I'm maybe suggesting here that in one case, the semantics have to be passive. So maybe we can have the semantics be passive in all cases, and that, or generic, maybe I should say rather than passive, but that, you know, pragmatically speaking, when I say, you know, here is a glass of water, it means I'm offering you a glass of water. If pragmatically speaking, I say, I request that she be accepted, it's clear that I'm asking for the address to accept her, okay. So passives are cross linguistically typical of the indirectness appropriate to polite requests. Please be seated, yeah, rather than saying please sit down. Please be seated is something I could tell you at the beginning of this talk, whereas if I say please sit down, the please is totally, you know, it's no longer polite, it's just sort of passive aggressive, right? So a patient focused meaning also characterizes the future stem in general. So this is, you know, I won't go into, but like when you form what would be like a gerund in Latin, you do it with the future stem in Tibetan. So futures have a kind of, you know, passiveness to them already. So that's kind of circumstantial evidence for this argument that I'm making. So I would say, well, maybe the future infinitive and by future infinitive, I just mean that the subordinate verb is in the future stem. So future stem do matrix verb, in this case, future stem do soul. So maybe future infinitives when governed by soul is syntactically a passive and pragmatically a polite request. Okay, so future infinitives of transitive verbs now are passive. So I'm looking for unambiguous transitive subordinate verb, like hunt. And this makes the patient prominence clear. I feel like that was a weak transition, but basically in all these request circumstances, there's, you know, like, please be seated. Well, be seated is an intransitive verb. And so I want a transitive verb to have it be clear, like is it passive or is it not passive? Yeah. But now also, I'm moving away from with soul. So I basically, I have a conjecture that future, future infinitives are passive. And I've kind of motivated this conjecture by looking at the infinitive structure, the infinitive structure with the superordered verb, the very Dichendi as the matrix verb, soul. So now I look in general, is it true that future infinitives are passive? So here we have example five, this is a deceptive deer, and it is not suitable to be hunted. So so So the clause, is not suitable to be hunted, where room means to be suitable. It includes no overt noun phrase. It doesn't say deer. Yeah. Neither the hunter nor the quarry, but just contextually, it's unambiguous that the unsuitability has to do with the quarry. It's not this hunter is inappropriate. Get me a different hunter. It's saying this quarry is inappropriate to be hunted. So anyhow, there it's passive. Yeah. Okay. So what about soul in the narrative frame? Everything so far is just in direct speech, right? So in the narrative frame, the verb soul governs the terminative verbal noun and not the infinitive. Naturally, those making the request, those to whom these requests are made and those who would engage in the requested activities are in the narrative frame. So they're all third person, right? So it's kind of, I don't know, it's pointing that that's what happens with narrative frames, they're all third person. So nonetheless, we get a variety of coreference relationships. And we can look at those coreference relationships. Yeah. So basically when is it same subject? When is it different? Yeah. Okay. So I'll just go through some of those. So the adoracy and the one performing the requested activity are both the king. So here they say they asked the king to come. So they're asked who's coming. It's the king. Yeah. So yeah. So here you get par rather than two. That's sort of what the whole paper is interested in. And then next the one requesting and the one performing the, the request activity are both Lakshina. So here the brother Lakshina asked to cross first. So it's, you see it's different here. We're asking the king to do something here. Someone is asking to do something himself. Yeah. But it's still this, the, yeah, anyhow. So moving along, request has supernatural qualities and three core and three core reference relationships are not relevant. So, so let's just look at it. They intended to ask that whoever they shot should, sorry, they shot would be hit lethally, but the goddess changed it. So the first arrow they shot would be lethal.  And it's just actually you only get one chance. Yeah. First, first arrow you shoot. So here we're looking at this. So goon par sorwar. They, this is where it's to die. So they, they, the intended is in the matrix for they thought they thought to request that that, you know, should die if you like. So it's not what's easy. It's kind of clean core reference criteria. And like, is it the person asking who's doing the request? It sort of doesn't, it doesn't pertain because it's kind of principle. Yeah. Okay. So it looks like co-reference relationships are in no way encoded in soul in the narrative frame. Okay. So that's so so far so good, right? We just did soul. We did it in speech. And we found out that probably the future infinitive construction is passive. Then we looked at the verbal noun in the narrative frames and we said, nothing really to see here. Yeah. No, no conclusions possible. Okay. Now we turn to nang, which is to grant. So nang to grant also governs infinitives and termed a verbal nouns, but the obvious division of labor that we saw with soul isn't going to work. So, so instead of what's going on. Yeah. So the, instead, the present infinitive construction is used when the subordinate verb is intransitive and the soul argument is the same as the agent of nang. Okay. So now it's clear to you why did I even bother with when I looked at soul in, in, in, in the narrative frame? Why was I even looking at co-reference relationships? It's because it does matter with nang. So I've sort of shown it doesn't matter with soul, even though you wondered why I was doing it at the time. Well, it does matter with nang. So if these criteria are not met, we instead find the terminal, terminal, the terminal verbal noun construction. So this terminal just refers to the case marker at the end of the par, right? So, okay, present infinitives with the matrix verb nang, all examples of nang agree or grant in version one of the old Tibetan Ramayana happen to take motion verbs as their subordinate verb. I don't think that's part of the construction so nevertheless, we will see that when we look at the distribution of terminal verbal nouns governed by nang, it seems likely that the plot of the story and not some grammatical constraint is the reason why we see infinitives only with motion verbs. The intransitivity of these verbs is probably the salient factor. That's what I think, although, you know, you'd have to, like if you want to say no, no, no, it has to do with motion verbs. And then, of course, I have to go into the philology to find an example without a motion verb. And I won't find it in the old Tibetan Ramayana. So in example nine, he said, I shall not go and did not agree to go. So what I'm looking at is this sheksu manang no, right? So there, he did not agree for him to go with co-reference, yeah? And the intransitive subordinate verb. Then in 10, it doesn't seem like a Mahadeva will agree to come. So here we have sheksu nangwa is, I mean, and there's more to it for the doesn't seem that, but it's, it's the same basically as nine, right? So then in 11, would you nephews agree to go to Lankapura sometimes? So sheksu jinnang, where G is a question word, would you agree to go? Yeah. And then the Devaputras agreed to go, sheksu nangte, yeah? Okay, so now let's look at other present infinitives. Well, and I should just point out that in this case, in these cases, actually, the morphology doesn't make it totally unambiguous, but shek is a present. So one thing I'm noticing is that request takes future infinitives and agreed takes present infinitives. So sort of from there, then we're looking at how are future infinitives different syntactically from present infinitives. So other present infinitives of the verbs listed as taking present infinitives in an article that me and some colleagues wrote a few years ago that has seemed not to appear correctly in the PowerPoint. We added this list, these verbs take future infinitives, these verbs take present infinitives. So I checked that list. And we only have only one example where it's morphologically unambiguous, which is the verb du je.  The demon lost his magical power, he swayed to and fro. This is the climactic scene in the whole thing, right, where there's the battle between the army of the demons and the army of the monkeys, and then Ravana is invisible.  And then he says, just show me your big toe. Yeah. And so the Ravana says, okay, fine, I'll show you my big toe.   So he swayed to and fro and made as if to fall on the army of the men and monkeys. And like in Japanese, I would say, as an auxiliary verb, du in Tibetan can have this function as to make as if to try if you like. So we have this tend to yell, so as yell is to fall, yell to chepa, so to do as to fall, to be about to fall. Yeah. He was about to fall. Yeah. So co-reference between the subject of the superordinate and the subordinate verb is part of the meaning of the present infinitive construction. So I showed it with ng and then I showed it with this one example we have with another superordinate verb. And in all cases, the agent of the matrix verb and the sole argument of the subordinate verb is the same. So I think that co-reference condition is part of the present infinitive construction. How about verbal nouns? Yeah, because we just did the infinitives. Now you want to know about the verbal nouns. Verbal nouns with ng as a matrix verb recall that this is what I just said, right, but it's still a useful reminder. Recall that present infinitives require intransitive subordinate verb and co-reference between the matrix and the subordinate verb. The terminal verbal noun is used whenever one of these two conditions is not met. So we have either co-reference with transitive subordinate verb or intransitive but no co-reference. So let's look at first co-reference but with transitive subordinate verb. So here the speaker, Rishi. Rishi is our, we translate into English as seer. They're these kind of old men who hang out in the forest but have supernatural powers. So he agrees to himself except in marriage, Megasinna, the daughter of Malya Panta. And actually we got this, we got this episode comes up several times in my example. So Malya Panta is trying to breed sort of super villains and so he gets this Rishi to marry his daughter. So here the Rishi says, I consent to take your daughter as consort. And he says it with not because I think it's a, it's a transitive subordinate verb. Okay. Now in the next example, 15, the adversis, the devakutras are asked to agree to themselves, take revenge against the gods. So this is Malya Panta talking now to his, to his grandchildren. He says, would you agree to take revenge and vanquish the gods? He asked. And so here's the verb, it's this dak par ji nang. So remember when he said, do you agree to come? He said, sheksu ji nang. And now he thinks you agree to take revenge. He says, shek par with the, with the par rather than with the dunya. So in the first clause of 16, it is both Rama who does not agree and Rama who would rule if he agreed to, if he had agreed to. So he says, this is Lakshana speaking, who's Rama's brother. Yeah. So this is right at the beginning of the story where they're deciding what to do when, I think when the father dies and so who's going to reign. So even if you don't agree to reign, would you allow me to act as minister under his, under your shoe? So the shoe is going to reign as king. And then Lakshana is going to be the minister. So he says, so here it is again, so it's, it's lunpo ji par ji nang. So to act, to, to, to do minister is what it literally means. Minister is lunpo, ji par is a polite word for to do, ji question word nang. So again, a transitive subordinate verb with, with a, with a terminative verbal noun and the superordinate verb is nang. Okay. So now in a letter to King Rama, excuse me, Hanuman requested Rama does not rebuke him, does not rebuke, you know, Hanuman. So he says, would you agree not to rebuke me? And so again, you see, Ka is to, to rebuke is Ka Bap to, to sort of descend a word. Yeah. So he says, Ka mi Bap pa ji nang she sor ne. Okay. So lots of examples. So those were examples of transitive subordinate verbs. Now examples of no co-reference. So the addressing is asked to agree to let the speakers do something. Subordinate verb transitive. So I'm just, these examples are not about the transitivity, but, but I still just, you know, will make you aware of it. Yeah. Okay. So the first one, would you allow me to act as minister under your shoe? Oh, yes, I have that one already, but it's an example of both. I think, yeah. And would you allow us to salute the queen? They asked 19. Now a demon accidentally asks for the boon of sleep. So the, the demon wants to ask for the boon of eating its enemies, but he actually instead asks to sleep all the time. So the one granting the boon and the one sleeping are not the same. The example is in transitive. So once there was a demon named many years who practiced to acquire the power to eat all fellow creatures, but this is, uh, this is just a long example. So I had to spread over two pages, but by the power of the gods, a goddess of speech transformed onto his tongue and changed his request into, would you allow me to sleep whence he would sleep all the time? So this is a nipar, sorry, nidlok par jin nang. Yeah. That's the phrase I'm looking for right there in the middle. Okay. Now in, uh, example 22, we, I don't know, it's kind of fun example, uh, for the purposes of this paper, because we get both nang and soul. Uh, and the verb G do, uh, subordinate to the verb, uh, nang and G is transitive. But the point is that there's, there's, uh, that there's no co-reference between the superordinate and subordinate subjects, right? So they intended to ask for the power over the three worlds, but the goddess changed this request into would you grant us power over the gods? And here you see, you get it twice, you get first je par sol wa, that's sol, and then you get a la lang wang je par jin nang. So that's what they actually asked for. Uh, and then because she changed it. So, uh, anyhow, that's the example, you know, um, and you'll see that the goddess of speech gets up to all sorts of mischief in this text. Yeah. Okay. So example 23, the second person addressing is maybe co-reference as a subject of, uh, gel par. And it is not obvious that this, I'm all leading up to this example, right? And it's not obvious if gel par, which means to meet someone is transitive or not. So that's the problem with meat. Like we all know this, you know, meat can be reciprocal or it can be transitive. It's a sort of, you know, different languages behave differently. So this is where I'm going from kind of, um, generally speaking, you start with the clear examples and you move to the messy examples, right? So now I have this example where it's not really clear whether there's co-reference. It's not really clear whether it's transitive based on the meaning, but now the construction can tell us, right? Because we've proven what the construction will do. So, um, so the construction, the verb, the term of verbal noun means that either gel is transitive, you consent to meet me, or there is no co-reference, you consent to us meeting. So, uh, so anyhow, you can take a pick and we would need to do more philology to figure out exactly the syntax of gel to meet.  So she says, if it were not an option not to meet, would you consent to meeting once? Yeah. So conclusions, uh, future infinitives constitute a sort of passive that can be used as a polite imperative. Present infinitives require an intransitive subordinate verb and co-reference between the agent of the matrix verb and the sole argument of the subordinate verb. When neither the future or the present infinitive are appropriate, the terminative verbal noun is used. And that's my conclusion.


to everyone. Welcome to the session on transition diagrams. Transition diagrams are usually used for analyzing a particular pattern, comparing it and generating the tokens. In the lexical analyzer, at the end of this session you will be able to draw transition diagrams for various programming language patterns and you can define various functions for the lexical analyzer. Now see the scenario here. The regular definitions for the tokens are given like if, then, else. These are the keywords. So for the keywords the token generated are if, then, else as it is. It means for the keywords the keyword itself is generating as a token. For a for a particular expression say less than less than equal to equal to not equal to greater than greater than equal to what are these one these are the relation operators. So for this a token generating is reload. Similarly for an identifier the pattern is letter, letter or digit star means every identifier is starting with a letter and it may have letter or digit combinations. So as it is an identifier the token generating for identifier is id. You can say another expression here which is for a simple numeric constant. So it is having the combination of exponentian value, fractional values and all. So for that a token num is returning and for a delimiter which is having a combination of blank space or a tab or a new line, tab space and all the delimiter is called the token is delim. And if more number of delimiters are there then the token it is generating is ws which is called as a white space. So see this table what this table is giving us the information that is if the token is ws that is white space the regular expression then it is not returning any kind of token or it is not returning any attribute values. Whereas if the keywords are there like if then else while for whatever the usual keywords are there for the programming language for them the token it is generating is a keyword itself and it is not returning any attribute values. Whereas if the regular expression is matching with an identifier then the token it is returning is id and the attribute is pointed to the table entry of that identifier. The table may be symbol table, literal table accordingly. So as an identifier symbol table is there for a number it is a literal table or a number table and all. So for num it is returning a token as num and the pointed table entry is given to it. For the relational operators like less than, less than equal to and all these the relational operator is returning the token as reload and the attribute values are accordingly the relational operator. So if it is less than then LT is returning if it is less than equal to LE is returning and so on. See this transition diagram usually the lexical analysis is using the transition diagram for keeping the track of the characters what it is reading and accordingly the forward pointer is moving next. So every input is incrementing. So this is called as a transition diagram which we can call it as a finite automata also. Let us see what are the parts of it. See here the circle indicates a state. So here it is a state zero and every transition diagram is starting with a start state. So here start state is zero and another state is here you may say six number. So from zero to six it is reading a character greater than so this is called as an edge. So the state is moving from one state to another one accordingly. Now for the accepting state if it is a double circle it is called as an accepting state. What it is? It is reading the sign and then equal to. So whenever it is reaching to the state number seven it means that it is accepting greater than equal to. For other means other than any equal to any other character is there it is coming to state number eight and here star means retract that is come back by one character. Whatever the last character it has read again it is coming back by one character that is star indicating. Consider the scenario transition diagram. Let us move on one by one here. Example input is greater than equal to let us move from the beginning. So we are starting with start it will start with zero. Now it has to move to six by reading this greater than sign. It is coming to state number six. Then again we are reading another next character that is equal to and then it is coming to the next state and it is accepting this state seven. So when it is a coming to the seven state as it is double circle it means that it is accepting greater than equal to three. Similarly you can say if the scenario is like this and if we want to read this greater than sign. So it is starting with the start and then it is coming to the zero state. It is reading the greater than sign and then it is coming to the state number six. Then it is reading the character four and for that character four it is coming to the other one and then it is accepting this particular greater than and it is coming back again one four to read the four again for the next thing. Similarly you can say the transition diagram here for the relational operators all the relational operation operators are there. So from state zero it is moving. So if it is less than equal to then it is coming to state number two and it is returning two things here that is token and the attribute. So here you can see that this reload is a token and GE is the attribute value. Similarly for this five it is returning because it is reading equal to so the token is reload and equal to is a attribute value. This is one transition diagram for the relational operator. So accordingly you can see again once again the transition table is there and what this entry specifically is saying that is reload and GE. So this is this is the token and this is the attribute value. Now another transition diagram here which we are using for identifiers and keywords. Now this transition diagram is reading all means it is reading identifiers also and keywords also. So everything is starting with a letter and it may have letter or digits combinations. So it is reading all that one and what it is returning it is returning two things here. The two functions are called here called as get token and install ID. What this get token is? Now get token is returning the token. When it is a keyword then it is returning keyword itself like if then for while all these one. Whereas if it is an identifier then it is returning the token as only ID. Then the install ID function is returning the pointer to that symbol table whatever the identifier is holding. If the entry is not there in the symbol table for the identifier it makes the entry in that and then it returns. If it is a keyword if the token returned is a keyword then install ID is not returning anything. It means it is returning zero. Now pause the video and write the values returned by two functions in the table. What are the two functions get token and install ID? Input strings are given so for this we have to write get token and install ID functions. See what they are returning. As for if and else are the keywords the tokens are keywords itself and install ID is returning zero. Whereas count and num4 are the identifiers so ID is written as a token and their particular entry of that is returning. Now the example another example we are giving analyzing it that this is a lexical analyzer. Here is our input code see if x less than equal to 10 then x else y something and what are the things it is returning is given here properly. You can see token and attribute. So everything from here is made an entry in this table according. Now another scenario transition diagram here unsigned integer numeric constant. So in this one it is starting with a digit and more combinations of the digit. It is accepting all the unsigned integer numeric constants like 349 or 41267 number all these one and it is calling one more function also after retracting that is install num. What this install num is doing it is entering the number into a particular table that is literal table and it is returning the pointer to the entry. Similarly like our identified table the symbol table. Now this transition diagram is for unsigned numbers you can see here the unsigned numbers like the examples are 12.3 e4 that is exponential value only exponential with the fraction values all these it is returning it is working same as the earlier one. So it is having these many states. One more transition diagram only for fractionals this transition diagram is only for fractionals no exponential values are there like 12.3 or 10.15 like this. This is for the white space where the delimiters are there so delim means white space it is having new line tab space or anything. So either one white space or any number of white space it is moving. So this is all about the transition diagrams these are the references thank you.