Hello and welcome back. In this lecture, we are going to look at two paradigms of parameter passing in function calls. Here is a quick recap of some of the relevant topics we have already studied. We have seen the use of simple functions in programs. We have also looked at the contract centric view of programming with functions. We have seen how control flows in a program when a function call happens and when a function call returns. And we have also seen the use of activation records and call stack to implement this flow of control. In this lecture, we are going to look at two predominant paradigms of parameter passing in function calls. These are called call by value and call by reference. And we will also see at the end how we could have functions that do not really return any values. All from an earlier lecture, we had considered an encoding example where we wanted to store the quiz one and quiz two marks of CS 101 students in an encoded form. We have agreed that we would encode the marks in the following way. Given an ordered pair of marks m, n, we would encode it as 2 raised to m times 3 raised to n. And we had also assumed that all marks are integers in 1 through 10. Now, given this problem, we had seen how a C plus plus program for this might look like. Here, I have shown a skeleton of the program. I have only highlighted the parts where function calls are happening. If you recall from the earlier lecture, we had used two different functions, my encode and power. Each of these functions take two integer arguments and returns an integer value. In the main function, we had a for loop which iterated once for every student in the class. And within the loop, we read quiz one marks and quiz two marks of the student and then called the function my encode to compute the encoded form. The function my encode in turn called the function power to compute two raised to quiz one marks and three raised to quiz two marks and then computed the encoded form of the two marks. And of course, the function power just returned the base raised to the exponent. Now, if you look at this function and if you recall how activation records were used in the call stack to keep track of how functions were called and how they were returned, you would recall that when a function, the caller function calls another function, the cally function. So, in this case, let us say the function my encode is calling the function power. So, since we are already inside the function my encode, we are already executing the function my encode. So, the function main has already been invoked. So, in the call stack, we have the activation record for main. In fact, the function my encode has also been invoked. So, in the call stack, we also have the activation record for my encode. And then when the function power gets invoked. If you recall we said that a fresh activation record for this function power would get created and then values of the function parameters. Here there are two function parameters 2 and quiz 1 marks. These values would be copied from the activation record of the caller function to the space allocated for formal parameters of the caller function and this is very important the values are copied from one activation record to another activation record and then of course the PC of the caller is saved so that we know where to return back once function power returns and then some other bookkeeping information is updated and finally the activation record for power is pushed down the stack. Now this aspect where the values of function parameters are copied from the activation record of the caller function to the activation record of the callee function is also called the call by value paradigm. So to recap function parameters will have their values copied from the activation record of the caller to the activation record of the callee. Now you would also recall from an earlier lecture that we said that formal parameters of the callee function are really its local variables and these will not be confused with the variables or parameters used in the caller function when invoking the callee function. So the formal parameters of power are its local variables and are not to be confused with the variables used in my encode when calling power. So what this means is that when my encode calls power the values of the parameters are copied to the local variables of power and then subsequently power does some computation. So the only way in which the callee function in this case power can let the caller function in this case my encode see the effects of its computation is through the value that power returns the value that the callee function returns. Now this is important because this is the only way in which a caller function interacts with the callee function when we use call by value. Now there are also some caveats when we are using call by value we have to remember that any changes done on the local variables of the callee are basically changes done in space allocated on its activation record which is on top of the stack and when the callee returns to the caller this entire activation record is lost. So all these changes are going to be lost. So as I said the local variables of the callee are really on its activation record which are there on the call stack and this is why local variables are also sometimes called stack variables when the callee returns to the caller the entire activation record of the callee is freed up and so all of the changes made to the local variables are lost. Now let us look at how a program for swapping two numbers might look like and here we are going to use call by value paradigm. So here is the main function that reads in two integers and then calls this function swap to which it passes the values of the two integers that it has read in. The function swap takes the values of the two integers and then uses a simple mechanism to swap their values. So it stores the value of one of its arguments in a temporary variable copies the value of the other argument to the first argument and then copies the value of the temporary variable to its first argument to its second argument. So if you go through this you will realize that the values of m and n are swapped and in this case the swap function also returns the value 0 because we declared swap to have a return value of type int. Now if you note here since we are using call by value when this function gets called the values of a and b in main are actually copied to the activation record of swap this m and n are really local variables of swap and then when swap manipulates the values of m and n it is really manipulating its local variables and finally when swap returns all those manipulations all those changes are lost and so main does not get to see the swap that this function try to do. So values of m and n as local variables of swap are swapped but we cannot get to see this when we get back to main because that entire activation record for swap in which its local variables were stored and swapped is now lost when swap returns to main. So how could we fix this? In fact you would notice that the problem arose here because the formal parameters of the function swap were not exactly the same as the variables in the function main from where it was called. In function main we wanted to swap a and b but when we call this function the values of a and b were copied to m and n. So m and n were not really referring to a and b but they just had the values that a and b had. So to solve this problem we could ask that can we let the formal parameters of a function refer to the variables used in main when calling swap. Basically we are asking can caller and cally refer to the same variable. It turns out that in C++ we can do this and this is done by prefixing the arguments of the ampersand operator. So note that we will have a change in the declaration as well. Here also we need to indicate the ampersand operator before the input arguments and what putting this ampersand operator does is that it tells the compiler that these two arguments m and n are not really local variables of swap but their references or aliases to the callers variables that were used to pass parameters. In this case of course the callers variables were a and b. So this is also what is called call by reference paradigm and note that since m and n are not local variables of swap no space will be allocated for them in the activation record of swap and this can indeed lead to significant savings in memory required for the call stack when you have deeply nested function calls because you have less space to allocate in the activation record of a function. Now there are certain caveats when using call by reference as well for example you cannot pass a constant as a parameter of function which is called by reference otherwise the constant could be quote and quote changed by the cally. Here is an example here we have the same swap program but suppose here in the main function I call swap 2, a. Now here we know that m would refer to 2 and n would refer to a but then in this I cannot possibly assign some value to 2. So 2 is a constant I cannot possibly change its value so it does not make sense to swap to an a and you have to remember about this caveat when you are using functions with call by reference. Constants cannot be used as their parameters so we will not allow such invocations of function swap. Now here is a brief comparison of call by value versus call by reference as you would have already noticed call by reference really allows 2 functions the caller and the cally to share variables but this means we also need to be careful because we may end up doing inadvertent updates when a function is called by reference its formal parameters are not local variables but these are variables shared with the caller. However the other variables declared in the body of the cally function are indeed its local variables and we have also seen that by using call by reference we can save significant memory for activation records when we have deeply nested function calls. What about call by value? It is by far the safest you cannot make any change to the caller except through returned value when you use call by value it achieves a clean separation of variables of caller and cally and as a consequence of that it needs to copy the values of the parameters every time a function is called to the activation record of the cally function. So, this can lead to significant memory usage and activation records when we have deeply nested function calls of course the specific choice whether to use call by value or call by reference is very much context dependent. Now having seen parameter passing here is a small note if you look at this function swap that we used over here really there was no scope for errors in this function swap. So, you know when we said return by return 0 I mean since we cannot have an error here this return value is not very meaningful also we know that swap is not being used to compute an integer result. So, we can ask that can we let swap return nothing or no value at all. Now this is different from the functions we have seen so far so far all our functions returned some value and had a type, but now we see that really we can have functions for which return value does not make sense and in fact c++ allows you to do that what you have to do is you have to say the type void as the return type of swap and instead of returning a value you simply return without an argument. So, in summary in this lecture we looked at parameter passing in function calls two paradigms call by value and call by reference we looked at caveats and benefits of each paradigm and we also had a brief glimpse of functions without return values. Thank you.


What's going on everyone Sam here with latent sports cards We're up in 22 Panini absolute football hobby six box half case break number 15 pick your team style gonna read off our list of names and teams Andre V Colts Andrew P Rams Andrew H Giants Anthony P Buccaneers Antoine D Raiders Bernard H Patriots Jets Brian S. Dolphins Brian P. Seahawks Cameron K Cardinals Chance a with the Packers Chris N. Chargers Daryl P. Texans Donald C. Titans Duncan M. Saints Edgar B football team Eric P. Ravens Gilbert D. Browns Harper B with the bangles and bills Joshua M. Niners Joshua S. Jags Mo M. Chiefs Raquel B Vikings Rob H Balkans Robert O with the Steelers that is Rob Ryan D Cowboys Scott T with the Bears Shane H Broncos Wallace S eagles William L with the Panthers and the Lions. Good luck everyone. Let's hunt some kabooms and some glass and some explosives And just some good RPAs any boxes. Oh, yeah Stargazing Super Cup to 50 for the Rams on the blue face Jamison Williams the 275 lions and Going to the commanders 269 out of 399 is Brian Robinson jr. On the rookie premiere Jersey ball Jersey Congrats Edgar with the football team Yeah, they're always the thicker stock Got Davante Adams to 100 for the Raiders on the red Base and base tools of the trade is going to be Michael Gallop 177 out of 199 Cowboys And our auto is gonna be Darius Slayton spectrum signatures 11 of 25 nice for the Giants G men Yes, sir. It is Brian. It's a sea dogs hat when they're still the Marlins affiliate though So it's a little different. Although I do like the sea dogs hat I am eventually gonna get a sea dogs hat now. Yeah, everything Kenneth Walker nice one there for Seattle 31 out of 50 on the blue canine Jerry Judy and Alvin Kamara Got a cool one here. That's gonna be showstopper 52 of 99 Josh Allen going to Harper with the bills on the Jersey card And love these man absolute legends. That is a 20 out of 25 Mason Crosby For the Packers nice color match on the green.  Yeah That's cool, dude Trap diamonds Russell Wilson 13 out of 75. Uh, I think that's still Seattle. Yeah, Seattle. Oh, that's awesome, Brian Okay, there's cam Taylor Britt for the bangles to 275 on the rookie and Another Brian Robinson jr. This time 102 out of 399 going to the commanders two of those now I have to get you some tickets sometime, Brian. Absolutely. I get up there. Absolutely Probably yes Jamar Chase read to 199 for the bangles Nick Chubb cam acres at Sam Howell 20 out of 25 going to the commanders on the Jersey card Had lost fields. Yeah, that's nice. Yeah I was gonna say I've never obviously never been there, but I could just imagine it's awesome And shanning tindall 8 out of 15 for the dolphins on the green auto Uh, I think like once when I was younger Yeah, man's awesome Skip those numbers type wrong screen. I don't I don't see anything Brian You're you should be good then Sam Williams is 75 for the Cowboys. He's actually low key pretty good Sam Williams Good, like he's like player the weak one weak for defense Base and base Got for the bangles jamar chase and t. Higgins on the dual.  I've seen a Patrick Willis auto I have I have one rookie auto of his like an upper deck on card, but that is awesome Congrats on that. There you go joshua So sick man Gosh you're working and listening at the same time using multiple screens Understandable if we see some random numbers come in we'll uh, we'll just assume then Brian I used to do that. I used to like I was working at home Like before I obviously before I moved here. I would I mean I just watched the stream all day, but I would have it on like one screen and half my actual work So if my boss ever came over just switch it over to the real screen Oh, yeah, everybody does it There's zonobonite to 50 Going to the jets nice one there base and base And tonio gibson is going to be a 50 out of 99 groundhogs for the commanders on the jersey card And we've got auto jamal anderson signature standouts going to the falcons 120 out of 199 Congrats at lansa Probably I mean, it's fifa.  Oh, I heard the Gold chris carter eight of ten That's one there for the eagles go ahead it was like, uh, you can't watch that play of Who was the guy that ran out of bounds like mark ingram? Yeah, you can't watch Troy Anderson to 275 for the falcons. You can't watch this play of mark ingram And tell me that the NFL isn't scripted. I'm done with the bs I saw that and then and then somebody quoted it and said Heinz Ward when he reads the script Or I mean, um, brian chaser when he reads the Yeah, I saw that. Yeah, that was rough Garrett wilson 94 out of 99 Nice one there for the jets. Yeah, I was like, dude, I saw that Yeah, poor guy, dude We've got jk dobbins to 25 nine of 25 ravens Uh, just gonna pull this out now 400 points is gonna be random to everybody at the end It's all this family guy meme You know one of those like clips, yeah That's sam howell and johann dotson two color two color 22 out of 49 for the commanders commander's doing really well. There you go, edgar There's like peter and the mob and he's like I took a guy to take a dive or he's like, uh, I took a diver to take a dive And and it's like this guy calls me. He's like what diver he won Hey What's your favorite mob movie? Uh, we got a kaboom. Oh, let's go. There we go All right, we've got probably um godfather Top 50 is mason crossby All right, what are our predictions the only one i've never seen what are you thinking for the kaboom I'm gonna say lidanians. Hamilton. That's my guess every time till I pull one We're okay. Hey pick it. Ooh, that'd be nice. We've got kaboom Drake london boom There we go, atlanta Who's got the falcons? That is rob h.  Congrats, buddy. Nice kaboom Oh, so nice so that's so sick too There we go. We'll get that mag for you rob. Congrats, buddy. Cool strange to 275 Are you one handing it? Oh, yeah, great hard right there and johann doxon 66 of 99 and that's going to the commanders again Mander's killing it, man. I don't think we pulled that one yet either Probably a uh 55 or 75 point. Yeah, they're like a hair thicker than like a normal one I kind of like it though. Yeah, well, this is cool. Last call youngway coup 62 out of 100 nice one there again for atlanta on a ton of young way coup cards out there Probably a 55. Yeah, maybe a 75 try 75 potentially as well. We got a glass coming up now too We've got glass is gonna be tyreek hill. That's awesome. Is that dolphins? Let me check really quick. I assume it's dolphins, but I'll double check just to be sure Pull up this checklist Yep, Miami dolphins going to the dolphins. Sorry about that. You wanted to double check make sure we had the right one Congrats dolphins that boy or bow melton to 275 for the um seahawks And we've got alec pier 77 out of 299 rookie premier triple jersey auto You don't have to mag the tyreek either Scott f taken some spots. Thank you scott List back up here as well They just couldn't put glass in a pack So they had to make or yeah, they're all redemptions. Yeah, which kind of makes sense In terms of like people weighing them and stuff. I think that's kind of what I mean I think that would be worried about it breaking. Well, that too. Yeah, that's a good point I mean, there's a good there's a lot of reasons why the glass should be a redemption Yeah by storm jaylen tulbert to 75 for the cowboys Another kaboom or an explosive this time it's gold as well We got a gold Is it explosive or I think it's explosive. Okay, then goal. Yes gold explosive Good luck jonathan taylor Going to the colts That is nasty three of 10 Congrats indy That is andre v congrats andre There you go, man. Nice explosive jonathan taylor On the gold two out of 10 That's kyler gordon to 275 if you can magnify that one obviously christian watson 136 out of 299 going to the Packers Nice one there. You know a card was sick. We pulled out of here in the 30 box mixer 101 chrysolave Uh, it was the five way and it was uh It was like tag nfl player tag shield nikey swoosh and like the the laundry size tag too So cool Six five way rally six way rally. Yeah one of the five ways. So cool. Like if I just call them a five or something So awesome I'll make sure I get those points back too You got a chance. I don't know where I get I put them Um cd lam star gazing to 51 of 50 Sir tan dobbins. There's terrian davis price for the niners to 275 And we've got jailing tolbert on the quad 61 out of 199 for the cowboys nice one there Thank you There sky more 46 out of 50 going to moe with the cheats grads moe dalton schultz joe mixon Got brissol on the jumbo patch nine of 49 diddy Nice one there Three color patch for the jets and then we've got josh jacob's 37 out of 99 tools of the trade jersey ball auto congrats raiders Last mini box of box five and then we got one more to go red trail on berks for the titans to 100 There you go titans Uh for net and tyree kill on your base got tools of the trade going to the texans davis mills 80 out of 99 congrats texans last team taken And then we've got nikobi dean orange 13 out of 25 for the eagles Nice one there congrats We pulled a glass too moe pulled the tyree kill for the dolphins glass pulled all three in this uh, so you can get another kaboom My case last night didn't have one Or not last night on one half a kaboom. That's russia wilson to 100 for the seahawks Yeah, we pulled a kaboom. We pulled an explosive and we pulled a um glass as well Glass is dead never no Still possible andrew broot jr. To 275 We yeah, we did pull my home's glass And then we've got sky moor to 299 9 of 299 going to the chief's there you go moe I've had cases where we've had like three glass in it before Granted the chances are a little lower with the other case hits coming out But there's always a chance orange trail on berks 69 out of 75 this time for the titans base and base Two glass and one but that might have happened. Yeah, we did pull two glass and one box once Uh z kelly at tools of the trade on the quad 67 out of 99 And then we've got pier strong jr One out of 35 going to the patriots on the blue water got pats and last box amari cooper It's a 50 one of 50 browns base base got Jumbo patch bailey zappy That is 29 out of 49 four collar nice one there patriots I love these jumbo patches dude the one of ones of these have to be insane There's got to be like a full nike swoosh Hey, there you go rob. Congrats man rob pulled that kaboom Yeah, rob's first big late and hit. Let's go dude. Congrats Such an awesome card rob so cool Then we've got tyler boyd 64 out of 99 that's going to the bangles Oh god, can we ban this guy, please? Sean Detexing you Uh, gonna do a random really quick for 400 points. Let me just grab uh our teams You can get them over They're so nice Just teamless that Oh, that's why Teamless teamless. All right guys. Sorry about that. It was on the wrong spreadsheet for a second copy Let me take over the random screen Again guys doing the random 400 points Random to everybody. It's pick your team so all teams are in obviously. I've got to roll the dice I'm gonna go four times one two three And four vikings picking up the points vikings will get the points All right guys to do a quick recap got patches bailey zappy patriots Uh z cali at cowboys davis mills texans brissol jets Uh commanders dual antonio gibson commanders Uh bangles dual sam howell commanders josh allen bills michael gallup cowboys Got our autos It's gonna be sky more go into the sheeps tetherboy bangles pierre strong jr for the patriots josh jacob's raiders nikobi dean for the um eagles Uh jalen tulbert cowboys christian watson packers uh alec pierce go into the cults Uh john dotton commanders garret wilson jets Yeah, garret wilson jets jamal anderson falcons patrick willis for the niners. I love this card, man uh chanting tindall Dolphins that brian robinson for the commanders mason crossby packers Darius layton giants brian robinson commanders Our case hits.  So congrats rob That'll do it for the break guys. Thanks again for the fill next up. We've got the second half case


Hello everybody, I am Dr. Hashita, I am working as a consultant endocrinologist at Manipal Hospital's Jainaka Bangalore, today we will be discussing about gestational diabetes mellitus or diabetes in pregnancy. It is also abbreviated as GDM. So what is GDM? When high sugars are detected for the first time in pregnancy, then we call it as GDM. So when is this normally tested? We normally test it between 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy and what is this test? The most routinely asked test is called 75 grams OGTT. OGTT means oral glucose tolerance test. So what is the procedure for this test? So the mother goes in fasting state to the lab. She is given a solution that contains 75 grams of glucose which she is asked to drink. Three blood samples are drawn. The first sample is in the fasting before she drinks the glucose and two more samples after she drinks the glucose, one at the first hour, the next at the second hour. So if any of these three readings, either the fasting or one hour or two hours, if any of these is abnormal, then it is considered as gestational diabetes mellitus.


Okay, all right, we got some families, good.  I'm gonna tell you this right now, anybody in here that goes all in and gives everything they got, that conversation will be had. Am I right or right? Yes or no? I'm right. Am I right? Am I wrong? Somebody, if I'm wrong, tell me. I'm not telling you it's the right thing to do, but in the car business, it's pretty cutthroat, isn't it? How many dealerships are around your team right now? Tons. Are you the best?  I'm gonna tell you this, I went home one day. In 2014, I made 716 grand, my last year as a car salesman selling cars. Cars that we own for 18 grand on line for 12 and nine. Y'all remember that? Y'all remember that? Every customer that came in, you had a switch in. Do you guys remember that? Do you remember every time that a customer came in, they were 10 grand upside down? Do you remember that?   You didn't get better. The market keeps getting better. I promise you.  By the way, check your ego, check your entitlement. That's for sure. Hey guys, what's up? It's Andy Elliott. I just released my social media total domination playbook. Now I wanna ask you a question, right?  If not, I'm gonna show you how to make that happen. This is world domination. I'm gonna show you how to destroy it.  I'm gonna give this to you for free. I currently train over 300,000 salespeople and I have over 4,000 dealers on my training platform. There's another level. I'm gonna take you there. Guys, click the link below. I'm gonna give you this for free. Let's kick, let's destroy your competition. I'm gonna take this, the team, the company with the best sales teams is gonna win. Right or right? Right. You guys are all in here. Everybody's preparing financials and everything. Why don't we do this? Let's compare human capital. Why don't we do that? My company made 40 million last year. Now it'll make 100 million this year.  Guys, it'll give their life for the culture and the commitment of our company.   You know why? Is your team recruitable? Write that down, will you please? Write it down, is my team recruitable? Is it? If I called your team right now and I offered your team members 10,000 more a month to come work for me, would they leave? Don't answer it. You know what I'm saying, right? Let me ask you a question.   Are they on the front line every day getting all they got? You know what I'm talking about?  Two things real quick. By the way, let me ask you a question. Is it y'all's job to know your business better than your competition? Yes or no? Yes or no? Yes or no? Yes. Okay, cool. Can I ask you a question? Do any of you ever get out of the selling game or are you still in it? Are you still in it or did you get out? Did you get out? I didn't get out. Are you still in the selling business or did you get out? You're still in it. How good are you? You the best? Come here. Come here. We're gonna give this guy an opportunity to prove where he's at. Use it or lose it. Train every day. All right, here we go. Got your back, Scott. Hold on, listen to me. Can I ask for one favor, please? Everybody here? Right? You didn't bring me in for some entertainment. Hold on. Hey, you didn't bring me in for entertainment. I'm gonna tell you the truth today, okay? I'm gonna ask you guys to trust me for a minute, okay? Trust loyalty. The two things the car business doesn't give many people that I live by. Trust and loyalty, okay? I'm gonna hit him with an objection. If he can't handle it, how can he expect his team to? And you may say, Andy, I'm making a lot of dumb, can I ask you a question? Are we all alphas in here? Yes or no? Yes, you're right. Are we alphas? Are we the warriors? Are we the best? Since when did we stop learning and training? I love to learn, I love it. I'm so freaking jacked up to learn. When did you stop? You're studying numbers, studying your people. Human capital, your team. Your team will change everything.  You wouldn't even know what to do with the money you have. You wouldn't even understand what kind of customers experience that your customers would have.  Watch. I'm bringing it here in the front, by the way. Appreciate you. Thank you. Whether you do it or not. You follow Bradley. Guys, it's Andy Elliott right here at my conference room in Scottsdale, Arizona. We are putting on the event of the year. June 4th, entrepreneurs, salespeople, closers, business owners. You want to build a sales team to learn how to close anybody, anytime, any place, anywhere. This is going to be the event. By the way, Bradley isn't going to be here like a speaker at most speaking events. He's personally going to be training from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. Everything you need to know to triple your income this year. And by the way, this is an event that ain't going to happen again. If you want to be the best, if you want to be so great at what you do, you make your competition look like freaking amateurs. This is the place you want to be. We only got 350 seats, so the spots are going to go out fast. Cue me a text message right now.<PHONE_NUMBER>. You don't want to miss this event. Cue the text message right now to<PHONE_NUMBER>. Let's kill it, baby. Let's go.


All right, this is Wartie for Scotland and you are watching Trucker Josh on TGV, Canada's favourite truck driver.  Is Sean Road going to bring these things literally just down the road over here? Didn't quite make it yesterday before they closed or before they went home. They closed at six but their shipping guys go home at three I think and I got here at five thirty. So I had to wait here down the road. Very dusty lot. Head northeast towards Saskatchewan 21 South. That's what I plan on doing Karen. Saskatchewan 21 South. Saskatchewan 21 South. Down this road. Saskatchewan 21 South for eight kilometers. Eight kilometers, five miles, that way. On the service route then your destination will be on the right. I see it there. I see it. Very nice. Very nice. Hey bud, got your stuff. Got your stuff right here for you. Beautiful machines. Look at this. Your destination is on the right. It's a smaller yard than I was expecting. That's okay. It's big enough. Go in this side. Lots of room. It's way bigger on this side. Okay. Lots of room. Get out if they need to. There's the forklifts that'll unload me. I got room on either side to get to the freight. Let's do it. I really love coming to these small towns on the prairies. Maybe because I'm from the prairies and I can sort of relate to everybody and across the board, at least in the small towns. Everyone's always so friendly and so excited for the day. Maybe because it's sun shining and warm. Everyone's just soaking it all in the best they can.  It's one good thing about the prairies. We have a really tight-knit community from Manitoba or Southern Manitoba all the way through to Alberta. Prairie people stick together, I guess. We get pushed around in other areas quite a bit, so at least we have that. We got each other. So what I do now is I go inside, show them my paperwork, let them know I'm here and ask them if this is a good spot for me to park. And if it is, I'll start taking my straps off. If not, I'll move to where they want me. Then I'll take my straps off and wait for them to come grab it off the trailer. You get a signature and we'll be done. Like I showed you earlier, there's not much left. Just two loaders and all of their accessories and parts are in these crates, so two front loaders and two crates. A lot of campers out, lots of people out on vacation. We're back in Rose Town. I didn't know this was actually going to happen. I'm on my way up to Meadow Lake and I come up to town here and I see a Timmy's over there. So, parking right here and Timmy's over there. So, going to Timmy's. I'm pulling into the lot over here and everything. I'm looking around and I see the dealership over there. I'm like, man, that place looks familiar. I was just here yesterday. I'm back. You remember, my sister's name is Rose, so it's her town. It's a very nice town, Rose. A very nice town you got going on here. I can't believe you haven't told me about it until I don't know how to find out on my own. So, I got this empty trailer. I don't know what this is on here. Look at this. There must have been a gash or something on my trailer. And they welded that on there and now it's okay. It's not my trailer, but I mean, I don't know if there is a gash. Can you see underneath here? Is there a gash? It doesn't look like it, eh? I don't know what that's doing here. Weird, but you can see that some people have dragged freight along here. Look at that. Obviously, when they're unloading it, they didn't want to lift it up or they weren't able to lift it up. So, they just pulled it off the trailer and it wrecks the aluminum. People, you've got to be careful. You've got to be careful. This is my trailer. I'd be really upset if someone did that to my trailer. So, you know, I'd be careful with other people's equipment.  They load until 10 p.m. out in Meadow Lake. So, they're waiting there for me. I need a coffee on the road. I'll take a little break here, a little breather and we'll be back at it. We'll get as far south as we can today yet. I'm hoping to get to that ground chamber line again. Then tomorrow we'll deliver the lumber into Mackenzie, North Dakota. And then head home empty. That was confirmed today. So, that's the plan. I'll be home for the weekend. And then it's Brits' birthday on Monday, the 25th. Cheers! Extra large today. Two cream, shot of espresso. But if I get a large, I get one cream shot of espresso. And if I'm feeling wild, I get an extra large of two cream in two shots of espresso. That's on special occasions only. Like the Queen's birthday. Let's get rolling. Everyone else here has been rolling out already. Okay, we need to go back over there, back north. Nice truck! Very nice, how much? That's one of the magnets. One of those borat magnets. We're leaving now too, eh bud? Are you going this way or are you going that way? I'm going that way. That was a busy street. Is this part of the driveway here? Why is it... Yeah, I think it is. I want to go that way. As Karen says. Finishing each other's sentences, are we now? That's scary. Why didn't you like that, Karen? Let's go.   I don't make the rules, I just follow them. An hour through the school zone here. Alright. No problem. What's this building? That looks important. Town Central High School. Oh, it's a high school! It looks like City Hall. One second though, that noise we heard back there is making me very nervous. I don't want to leave town without checking out what it was. I'm going to park here. I want to make sure one of my tires didn't blow out or something. If I can't get it off my mind, it's not going to leave me alone until I go and double check everything. May as well check now, before we get out there on the highway. Oh, mark this down as a load check. Equipment check, whatever. Oh, it was my tire. We got a flat that I checked. Shoot! Shoot, shoot, shoot! Man, I just fixed a flat on that side. Now I got a flat on this side. Oh, there's a tire shop right down the road there, according to Google. So, I'm just going to limp it a couple blocks down here and go talk to them. Maybe it just needs a patch. Yay! Park right out here. Kind of convenient, eh? Hopefully they can help me out. Fixing it right out here in front of the building. Got to it right away, real quick. It looks like they'll be able to patch it, so hopefully anyways. I really don't want to buy a whole new tire. We just patched the other one on the other side. Eh. It is what it is.  Eek, that's embarrassing. Stop looking at my truck, it's dirty. Didn't take them long at all. Patched it up. All good to go again. Just got to go pay the good people. I'll be on my way. That was like less than an hour delay in my day. That turned out pretty good. Not bad. And we're back on the road. We only lost maybe an hour in our day today. Not bad, eh? That turned out really well. I got to remember that next time when I'm feeling like everything is going wrong and nothing's going right. That at least this time, you know, I got a flat tire, I heard it and realized it right away. And I was able to stop literally on the same road two blocks down and get it patched right away. They were slow when I got there. They had nothing to do. They were able to get me in immediately. Oh, and I'm back on the road. It was a huge, it wasn't a nail. It was a, it was like a pipe or a bar or something. Almost like a piece of rebar, but it was smooth. It was a big long one about the size of an, like it looked like a, it wasn't a nail. It served the purpose of a nail for this. Either way, fixed it cost $98.79 Canadian, $100. They're more expensive than KK Penner and Blumenort because KK Penner's patch job only cost me $73. It charged me 98 here. Sticks on your trailer, you tie them down. Haven't been here in probably a year or two because I did that city work for a bit. But we're back. These smokes mosquitoes. Holy mosquito. Yikes. It's insane here. I've never seen so many mosquitoes in my life. At one point, I'm pretty sure they picked me up off my feet and were carrying me away until I fought them off. Insane, insane. That's one way to get us to work fast. Tell you what. Okay, we're loaded up. I'll show you the load somewhere else. I'm not getting out of the truck again here. That's a life or death situation getting out.  There's so many. It's insane. Have I said that yet? It's insane. Wow, Meadow Lake outside of the window.  I've never seen that many mosquitoes. That's a huge statement. My fellow Manitobans, think of the mosquitoes we deal with. Now, times that by about 353,000. The lake's level of mosquitoes. I'm lucky to get out alive. We have five hours, just under five hours left on my full day of driving. See how far that gets us. We have stop for fuel too. I got a quarter tank. I'm going to fuel up in Meadow Lake here. They have a Petro Pass truck stop. Or it's just a card lock. Grab some fuels that I'm just set for the day and I'm not going to worry about it. I'm going to fuel up in the States. I changed my mind. It's only 300 kilometers or three hours drive to Saskatoon. And then they got the big Flying J Travel Plaza there. I'll fuel up there instead. Petro Pass right over there. But the only reason I don't like fueling at those places is that they don't always display the price. You don't know how much you paid until you get your bill. Like all my next month's reports. So it's very hard for me to keep track of my earnings and spendings if I don't know how much I'm spending. So I don't like that. A little Flying J. I got my rewards program there anyways that I like a little better. Maybe we'll take a shower there. Call my receiver. It says on Google that they're open till 10 p.m. But I got to call and confirm that because I'm going to be getting there probably around seven in the evening. And if I can't get unloaded tomorrow, that's a problem because tomorrow's Friday and they don't look like they're open on Saturday. Well, we got a bit of an issue. Issue. I gotta figure that out. I gotta pull over here somewhere and give them a call. Fantastic news when we made our phone call. Open for receiving tomorrow till 10 p.m. on Friday. When does that happen? When have you ever heard that happen? 10 p.m. That is so awesome. So we're going to get there around like seven o'clock or so tomorrow evening, get unloaded and then start making our way home. Probably get home Saturday, I'm guessing. I scheduled myself to go out Tuesday, I think. Monday, Britt and I got to go into the city. She's got to do her blood tests. Pregnancy test. Find out on Monday if the transfer took. We're here. David's in Saskatchewan. I'm going to try to show you the grill, the front of this truck in the morning. I'm going to try to remember. If I don't include it in this vlog, it'll be there tomorrow. You got to tune in and see that tomorrow because I'll show you what I mean when I say there are a lot of bugs on the prairies of Canada and when I see guys further down south talk about the bugs on the front of their truck, I chuckle a little bit. You'll understand why when you see it. Anyway, we're here in David's in Saskatchewan. The day's over. I'm going to have to rush tomorrow. I have an eight hour drive from here to Mackenzie North Dakota and I won't have much time to stop. I won't have much time at all. So we'll see what happens. Tune in tomorrow. It's going to be fun.