I have a bonus video for you today. I wasn't going to post a video, but I wanted to do something a little bit different. If you've been following me on Instagram, you know, I've recently been having an obsession with handbags. I've been researching all types of brands. So I went to Tory Burch a couple of days ago and picked up my first Tory Burch item. I'm going to do in-on boxing. I'm so excited. I've been doing a lot of research on both luxury and contemporary brands. I'm only addressing this because I am a luxury high-end beauty channel, but the prices of luxury handbags versus luxury makeup, very, very different. So while I definitely would love to do some luxury handbag unboxings for you here, most likely, most often they will be contemporary. I love a contemporary purse brand, though. Oh my goodness. I'm obsessed with Kate Spade outlet, coach outlet. So yeah, I love the contemporary brands as well. I think contemporary brands can create such good quality bags, sometimes even better than luxury brands if you do your research. I've been doing a lot of research on purses and brands that create some of the best quality bags, what the best values are, and I stumbled across Tory Burch. I have never owned anything from Tory Burch. The brand honestly never interested me, but I feel like I'm in this new phase of life, not only obviously living in a new city, but also just having my own adult money and it feels different, it hits different. So I came across a couple of purse YouTube channels, which have been my downfall, by the way, very, very dangerous, and they both said that Tory Burch is a banging contemporary brand. I walked into Tory Burch and I saw the perfect summer bag. I've been on the hunt for a summer bag that's kind of like a straw material that I could wear all summer that was really cute and I found the perfect bag. So I wanted to share it with you today, hopefully inspire you. If you did not like Tory Burch before, like I didn't, maybe take a second look because they have some of the cutest handbags and shoes. I don't know where I've been, but let's do it.  Now this is a fake unboxing. I've definitely opened this. You thought I could wait, but part of the reason why I love luxury you guys know is because I love unboxings and while this is a contemporary brand, I did go to the boutique in the Adventura Mall.  They're obviously a fraction of the price compared to luxury, which luxury purse is by the way, luxury brands in general have all kind of hiked their prices up to make them even more something that I can't justify right now. So I'm excited to have this. So it came in this cute little box as well. Double box, nice and protected velvet. OK, and then that on the ground. We have a nice dust bag. Love a dust bag, even though I never use them. I know I should. And I saw on a TikTok somebody use this charm as a necklace. They put it on a chain. I might have to do that. And then are you ready? This you guys remember it's the perfect summer bag. I wasn't looking for a classic bag or anything. I wanted something that would go with my summer outfits. So I ended up with the Kira crochet mini bag. I just thought that this would be the perfect summer bag for me. We have the Tory Burch logo right here. And you can see it is this kind of straw material. Excuse my terrible purse review skills. I thought I would be good at it. Truth be told, this is my second time filming this because I thought I could just turn the camera on and review this like a makeup product and know it like the back of my hand. I don't know what I'm talking about when it comes to purses. I just know that I really like this. So this is available and in stock on the Tory Burch website right now for $498. And I just think it is so beautiful. So here is what the back looks like. I'm going to get it closer just so that you can kind of see the detailing. If you know how to crochet, which I do this is literally the, I think it's like the double crochet is what it's called. I could be wrong, but yeah, it is so cute. And I saw this online actually, and I thought it was cute, but I never thought I would pay $500 for a purse like this. But then I saw it in person and I thought it was beautiful. In terms of the dimensions of this, the height is five inches. The length is seven and a half. And the depth is 2.2 inches. So this is a smaller purse. I tend to go for smaller handbags because I am only for 10.  So I always go for the smaller one that they do say this is big enough to hold a Kindle paper white. I don't own that, so I cannot confirm that. But it is a smaller bag. And I'll show you what fits inside in a second. So the material on this is, hopefully I'm pronouncing this right, Rafia, which is the outside. And then there is leather on the inside. It's not lined all the way through. You can see it, we have some fabric lining here, but this is where the leather is on the flap. And then also where there are two card slots right here. So there's not too terribly much in the wave organization here, but it is small. But you do have two slots for cards. And then I love how this snap magnetic closure feels. It's strong enough to where I don't feel like it's gonna fly open, but it's also easy enough to open for me. And what really sold me about this is I love, love, love the chain. I love a purse that has a chain strap. So this is really cute. Let me show you. And I exposed my kitchen to you guys. So here is what it looks on me for a size comparison. Like I said, I am only four 10. And I think this is the perfect little shoulder bag. It's pretty comfy, really excited. And then you can also make it just a regular crossbody as well. And this is the length of the chain on me. Unfortunately, it is not adjustable, which is something that I do normally look for in bags. But with it being the chain, I didn't have much choice. I just like the fact that I can make it a shoulder bag. But on me, this is not bad. For being so small, this is a pretty good length. I mean, I wish it was like just a bit higher, but I don't need it to be because I'm most likely gonna wear it as a shoulder bag. But I like that I have this option and it looks so cute with like a summer dress or something. I would love that. And just so you know how you do this, it might take a little bit of practice. I always have to double think about it, but to get it to the double strap, you just pull this and then around. And then you have the double strap. So this is the purse. Let me go grab my phone and I'll show you how my purse and stuff fits in it. I see other purse review channels showing you this. So I'm copying them. I don't know what iPhone I have. Sorry, but I have the biggest size, whatever the plus size is. So my phone does fit in here and there is some room. I have my card holder here that will fit. I have my AirPods. And so for me, this essentially is what I need. It's not going to overstuff the bag, but I'll just show you. Does my vlogging camera fit? It's a bit fat, not gonna lie. So the camera is a bit extra. I can get it to fit, but I feel like I do have to kind of stretch the bag a little bit. It does fit though, but that's pushing it. That is only if I really, really am blogging and I would take their AirPods out and probably keep my phone in my pocket. In that case, then the camera would absolutely fit. But there we go. This is my new Tory Birch bag. I wanted to share it in case any of you who are also interested in contemporary and luxury humbags like myself. If you are a Tory Birch expert, what do I need to try? Because I'm super into their stuff now. I heard they are great quality, so I'm excited to dive in. The Kira line in particular where this bag is from. So gorgeous, I'm dying for a leather one. Either a leather Kira or a YSL bag. Two very different playing fields, but you guys, if I have money left over after paying taxes, I've been considering treating myself. I've been looking into Prada and YSL bags. So if you have any suggestions for Loles, let me know. I was thinking the Prada re-edition bags, the leather one, but I don't know if that's too trendy. I don't know if I want to spend that kind of money on a trendy purse. So then I was thinking the YSLs are a little bit more classic. Let me know your thoughts if you're into luxury purses. But I'm excited about my newest summer bag, and I love that I'm in Florida, so I can get more use out of this than I normally would in Maryland.  You let me know. And I will have the link to it down below, and I will catch you guys in the next one. Bye guys, have a good one.


All right, cyber traders. Good afternoon and welcome on back here this Thursday, August 5th, shortly after 2.30 p.m. Eastern time. As always, welcome on back here for our afternoon meeting. Great to see all of our students and members alike inside the cybergroup room, including Norman, Lata, John, Bill, Lewis, Doyle, Michael, David, who called out space just before, and all of our trial members alike inside cybergroup. Like I had said, great to see you back and for all of us on social media, Facebook, live on YouTube. Welcome on back as well. BT, BT here, a Bitcoin mining-related stock. We've been trading this stock really across the last two weeks. This is not a daily chart, so this is not two days. That's two weeks, but switch this back on the daily chart here. This stock's taken off right from a week and a half, two weeks ago. Stock pop from five up towards nine ended up over time building up and breaking higher and really dating back to really, I think it was early this week from Monday once it broke that top. It's only been going up since. So today, we ended up seeing this stock. It took a little bit to get the gears going. Once the market opened up, it ended up consolidating and pulling back towards 12, ended up building back up and really once it broke over 1250, the rest was history. You could just see that on the five minute chart, zoomed out there from the market open. But across the day, this stock's been building a really good trend off the lows and taking us into this very time of the day right now is making a hell of a slingshot now to get back up towards 16. So easily enough for us to do, we'll put this stock on our watch list for this afternoon. It's not necessarily an easy trade. So with that in mind, you might want to be a little patient waiting for false breaks of big levels first and then seeing if it makes another break shortly after for you to really jump in on that position. Stock ended up building a trend off the lows going into the early afternoon and really accelerated from it just now. So it's going to go one of two ways. It's going to build up and break out higher later on or it's not. And it's going to come back down seemingly towards this trend line if not through it. So normally Monday, Wednesday, Friday as I talk about, Bitcoin show the chart and I'm not going to show that right now, but it's to say got a nice healthy push across the board here. Markets were up today and Bitcoin really across the last hour, two hours has been just popping really nicely. So definitely a good beneficiary of the move BTBT. We'll check out, I guess the others like Riot and Mara. You could see Riot just now popping over 34 Mara at the highs. We'll check out our Canon trade. I guess getting up there right now. So for the meantime, I'll definitely put the BTBT trade on our main list. Going back to that stock really quickly. The last thing I want to comment on that move is that if the stars do align, if this ends up really beginning to pop up higher, I would assume major resistance off of 17 or shortly above 17. And I say that based off just historical resistance from the weekly chart. So as I was going through this a bit earlier, I found it kind of tough. It wasn't really as if there was a series of highs or lows that were holding that well. If there was like one, it was right around 1707, 1710. You can kind of see right over here kind of dipped down towards 17, held right under 1707 here, held under 1707 here, a little pop and drop from that price perhaps. So who knows, we'll see if this ends up beginning to push up higher and then testing that 17-ish area going into the close. But otherwise, though we did really well across the board, across the gainers list otherwise. So we'll talk about a couple of these stocks here right now. The SCR trade may as well start from the top. Stock is a buyout. I know it actually had a bit of movement after the market opened up. So the news that came out on this SCR stock, it had to do with Penn National Gaming. There was some buyout where I think they ended up purchasing it for a total of $2 billion, SCR, the score. I think they're a Canadian digital sports company. We ended up seeing the per share transaction. It says that they ended up acquiring it for $17 per share in cash. And then it says .2398 shares of Penn for a total value of $34 per share. So it ended up leading to a bit of a funky move here after the open. Ended up dumping off right away, then making this big pop and slingshot from 25 up to seemingly close to 33 where it's near now. But normally buyouts don't move and that's typically just once it's at the listed price. So this had a little bit of a ways to go to get to 34. It's still not there yet. But for right now, I'd still expect this to just be more flat than anything here. Really, our attention was more on the ZY trade from earlier this morning. Actually, let me get back to the daily chart there. Just notice that now. So the ZY stock, we ended up seeing get crushed in pre-market yesterday morning, and the stock was shortable actually yesterday. So it ended up leading to a nice little squeeze up early, but then ended up dumping back down later on here. So going into the day today, we're only hopeful. Early in pre-market, it's not offering us that much really by 8.30 or so. Then we start to see a little buying by 9 o'clock.  So for a stock that's down as much as the ZY trade, we only hope to see this type of squeeze up. It's not guaranteed. Again, I showed this even, I think, from yesterday. Just look at the ARDX stock. It's back from a month ago, three weeks ago at this point. It was down as much percentage wise as the ZY stock was. Why did that not move up? So you can't just guarantee that we're going to see this dead cat bounce, this short-term pop or squeeze up. If it comes then from that point, we'll be there to try and capitalize on it. So for what it's worth, this stock, after breaking out over 9 and really exploding after the market opened up, it still gave us a hell of a lot more after. Ended up popping and dropping, but making another run back up right from the 11.50 level. I don't have the opening halt print on this trade, but just to shoot from the hip, my guess is that the opening halt print from when this got halted and reopened up, my guess is that price ended up holding as a bottom and which led to this run back up here. So this ZY trade ended up doing really nicely for us earlier today and there still could be room to see this fill more of the gap on the daily chart than from what we have. So I don't mind putting this on our main list alongside the BTBT. It's not going to be my top pick at this point, but in hopes of this building a higher low, perhaps even here from 13.50 and popping back up, we'll keep this in mind. I know Norman ended up getting about 15 or 16 cents using on the CDXC trade or a CXDC rather, ended up making this big pot from 50 cents seemingly up towards 93, 94 cents, the high. It's kind of close there now, so maybe I'll come back to this at the end. CDXC will kind of fish through everything else first. All right, got a bunch of us today joining us on YouTube. Actually a much bigger number than what we normally got. Normally we have about seven or eight of us on YouTube today. We got about 12 of us joining us today. I appreciate that. Right now we got FLGC pushing up after the market opened up, ended up making a second wind type of move and it actually broke over the high back from Tuesday, but it was relatively quick pop and drop from there. So this FLGC trade, I don't know, unless if it ends up popping back up, I think I'll pass the ASTR. This stock did really nicely for us today too. We kind of relate to the party on this. I need to be honest there, but ended up building this really nice trend across the morning. I ended up calling this one out as it was at $10.50, I think even a little bit above that price. And so I didn't really trade this. I thought I was late to the draw, but man, I guess not late enough. This stock ended up pushing up even from that point, $10.50-ish, $10.70 up towards just about a buck higher. If it was shortable, I'd be even more interested in it now at this point in the day. If it was closer to the highs, I'd expect more of a pop and continuation, but that's not the case.  So I don't know, I feel like this is going to probably just continue to drop off throughout the afternoon. I don't think it's as likely to make support spike back up. Now, we were just talking about it. This NAOV, this definitely is at the highs. Obviously, just pop now. So an easy one for us to slip on our list here. This stock we're also familiar with ended up trading the stock on and off over the last week and a half. Stock popped back from the 26th of July, 23rd, my apologies. Popped from $0.73, basically a $2 move, right? $73 to $272, and it popped up higher in pre-market, likely the following morning.  So it seems like the stock's just been building a really big pennant since, like just the highs squeezing in, the lows squeezing in at the same time. Pretty interesting.  It's over $250, showing a lot of buying seemingly off that level and above that level. So let's see if this can get going right now. CTRM, this stock did really nicely for us here too earlier this morning. Myself and Fausto were both in this trade. I ended up getting the entry off right over the opening bell print from 228. Ended up pushing it up towards just about 250. I left some money on the table from that point too. It's a cheap stock that you could load up on a few thousand shares on, has tight spread, very liquid order book. It's not to do that on every single trade that you have a stock like that. But early in the morning to see a stock trending up, breaking through a big level, that's the best type of entry I like to take. So ended up giving me that opportunity probably about 10 minutes after the open here. It was right here actually at the time, popped up. All right, so see what else we got here, the NAOV CTRM. Oh, you know what? CTRM is actually shortable. Just realized that right now and realized that earlier. I guess that could have been a nice little short trade there. Let's see what else we got though. Let's see, the AMPE stock, familiar name, cheapy, not a whole lot really going on right now. DDOG, also a familiar name, more as a swing than anything else. And stock ended up popping off of earnings this morning. I don't know if it's at all time highs. That's the only interesting point really I'd like to share. But yeah, all time highs. So if that peaks your interest, DDOG, otherwise pretty flat across the day here. All right, a couple other names here, XXII, GOGO, just stocks we've called out in the past. Got AMC up over 13.5%. Wow, look at this move right now on AMC. So I wrote AMC down this morning on my watch list or on my side list at least. I know Fausto put it on the main watch list for all of us, otherwise. And with that, ended up making this big pop and drop at the market open. Looks like it ended up finding support roughly off 29 and the rest is history. So man, this stock ended up making a really nice push. And again, I'm tripping myself up right now. I don't know what's going on here. I got to jump back to a daily chart here. That threw me off for a quick second there. But AMC obviously at the highs of the day right now, on the web, towards 34 resistance, steady trends. Yeah, definitely. And you know what, I saw Express up today. I kept seeing it pop up on my Benzingo radar at the highs of the day, highs of the day. Nah, it's not really getting that push that AMC is getting now. You could see what I'm talking about though. This stock was pushing up all across the morning into the early afternoon. Both were the original Reddit stocks back in late January, right? I mean, GameStop really was the first one. But GameStop, yeah, the AMC trade Express. We'll check out maybe BlackBerry. That was the other one. BlackBerry having a decent day up just about 7%. It's not really the most volatile stock out there. Check in with it at the end. Maybe I'll slip it on there. All right, so see what else we got here. Otherwise, then from there, we'll hop over to the losers list. Oh, that was actually at the bottom. All right. Yeah, we'll hop over to the losers list here. See what we have on that side of the field. Again, no Bitcoin analysis today. If you're in for Bitcoin, we'll do that tomorrow. Fvrr, shortable down big at the lows. It's very expensive. It's the only reason why I wouldn't follow this stock. That's all. KPTI, stocks down big, liquid order book, pretty cheap. But it's kind of spiking back up a little bit. Not spiking, but turning the other way, going back up. If it was pulling back, I'd be really interested in continuation on the way down. And to be really honest, we've been doing really well on these afternoon shorts across the last week and a half, two weeks between Nikola, between CCL Carnival. I'm just having a good day today. And then just yesterday, right, we were talking about it. We traded it. The skill stock. I ended up jumping in short right from 12.25. It wasn't like the biggest trade to write home about, but led to continuation. So at least for that last one, KPTI, I mean, just with what we've had, I'd be interested in this if it was right at the lows on the way down. But I don't know. I feel like it might just be more flat throughout the rest of the afternoon. Calm. It's on the way down. Liquid order book, not really an iceberg order showing at 1650. Doesn't need to have one there to make that a support. Looks like there was some volume on the bid that was filled earlier off of 1660 and 1650. This one's certainly on the way down compared to the KPTI. I don't know. Put the comp trade on our list here. All right, cool. Party city. Not a whole lot really happening there. And it might seem like I'm lazy as I just skim through the losers list, but just from experience to tell you the truth, it's not even the fact of the market being up today. That might play a very small part in it, but more so than anything else. It's just the fact that more stocks on the losers list are more just washed up throughout this time of the day. A lot of the volume was traded from earlier in the morning, and for the stocks that dropped off, unless if they're still shortable and at the lows, I wouldn't be as interested in seeing some sort of reversal or tight range. All right, from Petrator on YouTube. Welcome back. What do you expect of the BTBT trade? So we talked about that just earlier to start off the meeting. If you join late, it's for me to just say we're looking to see this begin to build up higher, hold support off of 16. So it's pretty choppy around 16 right now. That's not a good sign to begin. You'd hope to see this begin to squeeze up sooner than later, given the lower high that's being built currently. Otherwise, if it ends up popping higher, notice the level that's on my daily chart there, 17.07, roughly around 17, maybe a little bit above 17. That's a historical level that I found. And that was more from the weekly chart. All right, so the NAO V-Trade Tina, and on 2,000 shares right now, practically where it's trading now at 257. So let's hope that she gets a nice push on this trade soon. All right, from Lata, the new egg stock, N-E-G-G. It's at the highs, right? It's just got too big of a spread. I don't know, if you're looking to do it on one share, two share, that's fine. But you know, it's up big.  It's at the highs, right? Stock ended up making a huge move for us back in early July, right? So for all those reasons, I like it. Just, that spread's too crazy. All right, let me check out Benzinga Pro here quickly, then we'll wrap it up. I don't think there's much else that I had missed, though. The NAO V-Stack, getting the ping right now from Benzinga. Clove at the high of the day. That's kind of slow. Tratable. Did I mention the BYSI? I didn't, but there's not really much to mention, though.  Stock was moving off of news yesterday in the morning. It was up 315% in pre-market, and it was shortable then as it is now. But I was interested in it yesterday because it was trading a lot more volume. And to be honest, I mean, as thin as the book was yesterday, it was actually a bit more filled in than what you're seeing here. So it's something to keep in mind day to day, but unless it has signs of life on the way up, I'm not too interested in a long. All right, folks. So I think that just about wraps it up from me here. For all of a sudden, social media, Facebook Live, YouTube, I appreciate you sticking with me each and every day, including today, each and every afternoon. So if you have any other questions that you would like to ask me, I'm going to try and do this going forward. I've been good this week on it. Please send over any trading-related questions right to my email address. My name is Josh Levitan. My email address right there, Josh at ctutrading.com. I had a couple of questions get sent in from this week. I wrote back to you, folks, just over the last day. And keep them coming in otherwise, though, folks. All right. For all of us inside the trading room right now, Michael, Tina, Leda, Grant, Bonnie, Michael, I look forward to speaking with you, folks, coming up just right around 3.30 Eastern time. Rich will be on the mic coming up at 3 o'clock. I'll talk to you, folks, then. Take care.


Hi everybody it's Sam at Mixed at Craft, thank you for watching my tutorial today. So this tutorial kick starts my Father's Day series so I'm not going to do back to back tutorials like I usually do. So I am only going to do maybe four, maybe five projects but they're going to be kind of split, maybe I might do maybe two this week and maybe one next week and then maybe another one the week after, something like that, but they're not going to be back to back because I've got lots of other things I also need to share each week. So what I have done is this really lovely wash bag. Now this isn't my design at all, this is actually by a lady who her YouTube channel was Papercraft Button and it was actually my mum that used to watch her and got me into watching her years ago. She no longer has a YouTube channel anymore and all of her videos have gone as well and that's actually the same thing that intertwined design she mentions at the beginning of hers because she's also done this. Hers is a slightly bigger, she's using A4 whereas I've done in between A4 and in between letter size just so that I just want more people to be able to use their normal size card rather than cutting into 12 by 12. It's a lovely design, it's really fun and the nice thing about this is when you open it up it holds very nicely. This has been drunk, I kept the bottle, just to prove this is just a little bottle of wine but there are many miniature bottles, you could put some lovely miniature whiskies in here or any kind of spirit really but also you can pop other gifts in here as well, it doesn't have to be alcohol based. This could be filled with sweets, there's lots of things you can do with this but you can see that it fits in there really nicely. This all folds down and then it's kind of a self-closing but it does need a bit of help.  This is a paper pack by First Edition, this is the Grand Plans so this isn't a new one, it's been around for a while but I will find some links if possible and I will share them on my blog. It's a lovely pack, I don't have a lot of papers geared towards guys because it's not something I do a lot of so this one is a bumper pack 48 sheets and it's just that one that I can go to and it just fits you know lots of occasions so yeah it's just a good one and you would have seen that in a few tutorials I think that I've done in the past. Okay it's actually pretty straightforward so I've already gone and done one half and it actually reminds me of my Chinese fruit box so if you've done that and you've enjoyed that box then you'll really like this one as well so that is the one that I've already done because you will need two of exactly the same and then just some paper to mat and then or to decorate even and then I've got that same sentiment again and some velcro dots and these little bits for my tab. Okay so you want two pieces that are 11 by eight and a quarter so if you are in the states or outside of the UK yours will be eight and a half by 11 you just need to bring yours into eight and a quarter and for us in the UK ours is already eight and a quarter wide you will just need to bring down your A4 down to 11 inches that way I just thought everybody can use their standard size cardstock so along the 11 inch side you want to score it half an inch three and three and a half inches okay then rotate your cardstock and you're going to score it three inches all the way down and then at six inches pass the first store line and down to the second okay and then at seven and a quarter all the way down and seven and three quarters all the way down then rotate your cardstock back again and you want to score it two pass the first score line and down to the second and that's just a marker really that score line okay and you want to do that twice okay so now you want to go and burnish all of your score lines okay and then we need to do a couple of score lines freehand so where you have that two inch score line that just came down to here this is along your long inch this is along the long side it's just that little score line that we've done the bottom of that you want to score from there down to this corner and then there down to this corner so you're working within this rectangle here okay so from that score line nice and neat because this is going to form your closure so make sure you get your joins all nicely you know joined up like so just bring that up so you can see so just come down from that little score line and just across to the bottom left and bottom right of that rectangle section there okay I've got a bit of I think I must have a greasy finger there I've got a greasy finger mark but that's going to get covered so that is what you need and you'll need to do that again like I said twice and then we can do some cutting so all very easy the bottom left hand corner when you've got it in this orientation you will have this tiny little rectangle you want to remove that completely okay and then just take a little wedge off of this piece because that's going to form your tab and take a little wedge off of the bottom of that one then go along to this score line and just cut up that one and again just cut a wedge off of that okay so that's what you've got so far and then you're going to turn the whole thing around so now you will have these two score lines facing you and this whole section you're going to cut down to the second score line so you're just cutting away those two there and then you're going to remove that whole section like so and then you'll have this tab here okay and then just take a little wedge off of that one there like so and then you just want to do just create two mountain folds on that one there okay like so then before we stick it all together you want to get your paper that you're going to decorate and this is going to sit inside I've got a very very small border okay just a small one it's not even one eighth of an inch or maybe it just yeah it's just about one eighth of an inch this piece here measures four and a half by seven and three eighths of an inch okay and that is going to stick in there and it is going to overhang up there because when we fold this tab down it will cover it and you'll get a really nice finish so I'm going to stick this one down like so and then the very top half an inch tab I'm just going to add some glue and fold that one down and just get your bone folder and just kind of make sure everything is stuck down nicely okay so you will now have two of these so here's one I made earlier and I'm going to stick this tab to this side here focus on your bottom score line your base score line get that one all lined up okay and they should just finish just below that half an inch tab there so again I'm going to add my glue and just sit that one over the top so you'll see what I mean about it feeling like the fruit box that I made and I'll link that one in up here as well because anybody new to the channel that one was done quite a while ago now again very popular so you might want to check that one out okay then fold the whole thing over fold this over and it should meet up perfectly with that one so again you just want to add some glue and just let that all lie down and then I've got my choose what you want to have is your front or your back and you want to stick it down I mean you can do it when it's all put together if you want but I like to just stick it down while it's flat in fact no I'm going to do it when it's all together because I'm just going to add some foam adhesive to that so I'm just going to leave it as it is but now you should have this so turn upside down so you've got your base and I always like to put down one side and then the tabs and then that side that way you get obviously your the bottom's nice but inside you don't see any of your tabs so decide what you want to be your front or your back I really don't mind in this case so this is going to be the back so this goes down first I'm just going to run some glue just in there pop each tab down pop some more glue on each of those and then stick that all down turn it over and with my ruler I'm just going to go in there just make sure it's all flat okay and then with these pieces here what you want to do is just kind of before you pull down the sides just roll this just very carefully just kind of roll it a little bit just to help it kind of you know want to go in that direction like so and then these sides as you push that in your side pieces will fold down and like I said it is kind of a self locking it can hold itself there if there wasn't so much of this card kind of wanting to still pop back out but you can see now how you get that but I like this effect because that's what a wash bag looks like so you want it to to have that kind of pop to it anyway because that's what gives it its look okay and then you need these two pieces here so this is half an inch by two and a half and you're going to stick these underneath each of these pieces here so I'm just going to add a strip of glue and just stick that one down if you line up the end with the score line there then you know that you've got it nice and straight so I'm just going to do this one here okay and then I've got these tiny little velcro dots and these are by the brand velcro one side is clear and one side is white so the clear side I want to have on this bit here so that when you do lift it up see no one can see it so I'm going to stick the white side onto my tab you can also colour them so if you do have white ones whatever cardstock you have just colour it so I'm just going to leave that one like that for the minute and just add one onto the other side okay and again bring them down and then you will be able to stick your tab down on this side here stick your tab down and then just check that that's all stuck nice I'm just going to bring up this side here just make sure my velcros are really stuck down because it should go clear in colour in fact I've got a little bit hanging off there there we go that would have really bugs me it just looks much neater if I push that one down there and that one there we go so this is my front so now it will just fold very easily into place obviously put your gifts in there and then I've just added my foam adhesive onto the back there and then I'm just going to have this one about there so there you have it that's my version of the men's wash bag gift bag I think it's brilliant I love that it fits a bottle of wine in there and you can you know fit some nice aftershave inside you can put you know three nice pairs of socks in there it's great so this is going to be a good one for Christmas birthdays anything really I think it's really fun and of course this can be made in you know more feminine colours as well there's no reason why this can't be you know a girl's design but I think it works really well for the guys so if they have it I hope you liked the first tutorial for my Father's Day series like I said I do have some more but they're going to be kind of spread out but you will have plenty of time to make them in time for Father's Day so that's all from me today guys I'll be back again soon with another tutorial give me a thumbs up if you enjoyed and subscribe to see more thanks for watching bye


So now I'd like to ask Dr. Christiane Lajer to continue his presentation, and this will be final, right? Your final presentation on coolants, coolants for fast nutrient systems, which means sodium. About sodium again? No? Yes, but if you want, I have a mega-pire, a lead-bismuth. Okay. If you have some questions, I have some additional questions. Please, please, choose yourself. Okay, Christiane, please go ahead. Okay, so I will go through maybe this more faster, because some points have been a little bit addressed. I will give you, I take this opportunity also to give some information on Astrid. What was Astrid? Because many of you don't know, maybe, what was Astrid, and several times it was, yeah. So here, this is just a simplified scheme. The screen is not shared online. Thank you. Okay, now? Yes, I think it's fine, yeah. At least I see. No, this is a game. Oh my God, this is something. Now it's perfect, is there a presentation mode? It was a presentation mode. Yes, yes, now? No, perfect. It's okay? Yes, please go. Now it's confirmed. So I'm going to speak to give you some elements, because materials is a large topic, so it's not of use to give an overview. So just because to discuss, it's important to have what is a fast reactor. It is a very simplified fast reactor here, because generally it's complex. So you can see here the core, where we have the fuel assemblies and the clad. Here you have the hot plenum above and the cold plenum below. Here you have the intermediate exchanger. Here you have the below the core in yellow, you have what we call the diagrid is a structure when you can install the fuel assemblies in a honeycomb structure. And below you have what we call the stormback, which is an element to stabilize this very important part of the reactor. You have on the right side the pump, the end on the left side the intermediate exchanger, and then you have the energy conversion system here. We can have a steam generator, as I told you, or it's possible also to have a gas system. You can see a picture here of a very sensitive component, which is called the control plug in France, or it is called also above core structure, which is above control system, which is dedicated to monitor the temperature at the outlet of each fuel assembly. You have a sodium in blue and in gray. You have argon and the slab above. Here you have the rotating plugs here in the center, small rotating plug and large rotating plug. And thanks to these two plugs, you have the possibility to reach any position of the core for the handling operations. And around here you have the main components, mainly primary pumps, PP, and IHX, intermediate exchanger. For example here we have one loop, two loops, three loops, and four loops. And here we have a system with four loops, okay? So it's typical from Super Phoenix. Here you have the rotating plugs. This picture of the rotating plugs of Super Phoenix, okay? You can see here in the center of the small rotating plug, this control, this is a place for what we call control plug, okay? Or above core structure. Here you can see this component, which is inserted here in order to measure temperature and of course to provide handling systems, harness, in order to reach any position of the core to extract the fuel assemblies and to transfer them from the primary circuit to the external vessel to decrease the heat, okay? Or also you have the possibility to transfer from the external vessel the fresh fuel to be introduced in the reactor. This is Super Phoenix, okay? With a lot of structures. Just to remember, you remember I give you the surface, 48,000 square meters inside. So it was huge and 3,500 tons of sodium. Here you have the description, wow, diameter is 21 meters. It's huge. Now the reactors are smaller, okay? And you can, you have here the control plug, what I tell you, and we have a mechanism not only for handling operations, transfer machine, okay? It's in green, but you have also in the center a control route also to shut down, to shut down the reactor and so on. But you can see that the geometry is much more complex than the previous drawing, but to explain, it's much better to use the first one, okay? This is a secondary loop, okay? I presented that this morning. And Astrid, okay, just to give you more fresh information because Super Phoenix is a reference, but it starts to be old, has been, we say. And here, so the idea was to have a technological demonstration reactor. It's a step before what we called folk, first of a kind. It means the first main reactor. The idea is to integrate French and international SFR feedback. It's a generation four system. You know maybe the requirements for generation four systems. I think it's not maybe necessary to detail because it's general aspects, but for safety, we say a level at least equivalent to gen three systems in terms of safety, progress on sodium reactor specificities. What are the specificities? Of course, one is the capacity, the possibility to have a sodium fire, how to deal with that. Or sodium water, even if it's more comfortable, according to me. Integrating the Fukushima accident feedback, it means for the decay three more systems, particularly robustness of safety demonstration, durability. So you know all these aspects of gen four. I don't go again in detail, okay? Operability, load factor of 80% or more after first learning years. We accept to say that during the first years, we need some maybe some time to consolidate and to reach reliable strategies. Ultimate waste transmutation, of course, and master investment costs. So it's not maybe so obvious. We know that for many projects, the cost at the end is not the cost. The cost anticipates at the beginning, non-proliferation warranty, of course. Okay. Here you have all the structure of the Astrid project. We were the maximum 600 and more than 600 people working on that. Of course, there was a CA, the center contracting authority, strategic management, Astrid project team. With the support of EDF. But also you can notice here we have GAE, which was an important partner of the project. GAE with Mitsubishi and MFBR. And of course, the R&D to support the development and some engineering activities also. We have EDF. We have European R&D laboratories. We paid for that, Ardeco. We had the support of, for example, Italy. Italy, we have the support of Germany, Karlsruhe from Latvia and so on. So we have CA for R&D, innovation, qualification, codes, specific developments, expertise. The reactor core was designed and by CA. The nuclear island we have Areva, now it's from Atom, again GAE and Mitsubishi, hot cells with SEV, power conversion system is Alstom, civil engineering is Buig, which is a large big company in France, Jacobs for the balance of plant, for the reliability, availability and maintainability of the reactor, Airbus. So it's strange, but we work with airplane companies and we have also some other companies like Toshiba for the pump, electromagnetic pump, as I told you this morning, Kniem, Vellarm for the valves, Rolls-Royce for the e-tech changers and so on, so many companies and I think, and of course from Atom. So a lot of partners, here you have a view on the, on the, Astrid is just to show where they were working, here you have a same, some definition of the implementation of Astrid. We have a site close to the, near the Rhon River, near Phoenix reactor, because the lamp belongs to EDF and so it was easy to build a reactor on this lamp near the Rhon River. Here you have a description of the main options, I think, well I don't go in detail because in fact from where you are, it looks like conventional sodium fast reactors, many sodium fast reactors looks, they are, looks very similar, in fact in more details you have of course differences, but if you look like that it's more or less the same. You have a pull type, okay, pull type reactor, it means, you know what it means, pull type, yeah, yes, in fact, in fact the way the main difference is that you have the primary pumps and primary pumps and any tech changer inside the main vessel, the main advantage of course is to avoid, yeah, all the sodium, all the active sodium is inside the main vessel. So we have a core with low sodium void wars, so it was, there was a special design for the core for that, oxide fuel, preliminary strategy for civil accidents with the internal core catcher, diversified decay removal system, fuel engine system, Rodin, Rodin, you know what is Rodin, this is the wall who separates the hot plenum from the cold plenum and three primary pumps, four intermediate detectors, four secondary circuits, five decay removal circuits and so on. Main technological innovations you can see here you have effectively this core, equipment and dispositions to eliminate large early accidental radioactive release, a lot of equipments, sorry, a lot of equipments for the in-service inspection and of course a Brighton cycle, even just to be, to give all the information, we have effectively the Brighton equipment but also we have a backup solution, what we call robust backup solution with the steam generators, yes, okay. So we have both, one is innovative with maybe a TRL which has to be increased but if you, if we decide to build this reactor maybe and say we need them very quickly, we will probably decide to have a ranking cycle, okay, here this is the reactor site close to, here you have in blue the, the run river and okay, I don't go in detail but the same, sorry, here, yes interesting, you have the material distribution, so you can notice that we have an objective target of 60 years, okay, life duration, we have so-called austenitic steel, 316LN, okay, we have here, so also in some place we have coatings and particularly on the foot of the funeral assemblies, in the past we have what we call stellite and stellite you have a cobalt, so you induce a large dosimetry, so there are some investigation about other, other options for the coating, hard coating in order to avoid, to avoid any, any trouble and, and foreseen events. About on the wall, on the first wall, we have, we have also a double, double wall, one is the main vessel, the second one is the safety, so-called safety vessel, between the two we have nitrogen, but we have the possibility for example to send the robot, okay, to inspect the, the weddings and in case of rupture on the first vessel, we, the second vessel is able to contain the, the sodium after, I would say, enforcing draining, okay, all the components are in austenitic steel, except the steam generator, sorry, where we have 800 alloy, which is in fact, load with nickel to have a good properties and the particularity is well adapted for the, they are generally speaking two different steam generators, two types, one is the straight tube and in this case we prefer generally ferritic steel and if you want to have a helical, we prefer to have this 800 steel, okay, so here you have everywhere what is interesting on this table in blue, you can see the operating conditions very simplified, of course we have the temperature or the range of temperature and we have also the main phenomena you have to face, for example for the steam generator, as I told you this morning we have this oxidation, which is not a key problem, you have also wastage, what is wastage is typically what I explained yesterday, when you have a rupture, rupture of the confinement, an ingress of steam, you create soda and hot soda and we have an impact on the neighboring pipes, we call that wastage. On the main vessel we have also creep, creep fatigue, aging, okay, aging effects. On the, so we have also in some places we see some fatigue which is induced by the stratification, temperature stratification in the reactor, particularly this is a typical phenomena we can have with liquid metal coolant, okay, so this stratification can induce some enlightenment, I would say, another point which is sometimes discussed, another point which is sometimes discussed is at the free level of the sodium in the atmosphere. Please mute your microphones. Yeah, so on the surface of the sodium and near the wall we have, we have what we call a risk of nitricization due to, if there is some nitride nitrogen, you can have some, maybe some embracement, but it is not, it has not been proven at this temperature. A point, important point, yes, you have to notice, you could say that in the upper part we have the temperature of the hot plenum, it means 550. In fact, in these reactors we have a system where a part of the cold sodium circulates around near the main vessel and come back in the cold plenum just in order to protect the vessel and to maintain the vessel, let's say below 400 degrees Celsius. So it means that we are in good conditions in order to limit creep fatigue on this, on this, on this factor. Okay, so, and for the core materials, for the first core and next ones, it was foreseen for the cloudy space and space where IM1, it's in fact 1515 titanium and so we have a certain number of data, okay, on this alloy and we have a mechanical properties database up to 1000 degrees Celsius, which is available, modeling, we have also, we address the welding process and so on. So the resistance, we have assumed an hypothesis 120 DPA for this, for that and for, for the future there is a so-called ODS, oxide dispersed steel. In fact, this is a specific technique to produce these steels, which are maybe more favorable with regard to swelling, for example, the swelling properties and the target was 150 DPA. About the excan material, okay, you know that the pins are inside the hexagonal, hexagonal can. It is a ferrite martensitic steel called EM10, okay, and we have mechanical properties database up to 1900 degrees Celsius and we had the data coming from irradiation. Of course, this is important to have reliable data coming from some irradiations, okay, and we have a code for this part, you know, it is codification. Codification is like, it's a code where you have recommendations for the engineering, for the designers and of course, we have ISME, ISME, for example, but in France and in some other country, we use also OGSME and we have in France RCCMR code with Afsen French Association, which is, which is, which developed this tool. It's used for ITER, for example, it's used by Indians also for LPFBR and we use also and we introduce periodically some recommendations, but for that we need to have a good exchange between the designer expression of needs and how to demonstrate some recommendations because it's not possible to introduce new recommendations for the designers without, without definition and arguments based on, for example, experiments or correct analysis of some feedback and so on and so on. So, and for the core materials, we have a so-called Ramses, we develop Ramses, okay. So what is important is in terms of R&D, you know that there are a lot of activities, maybe less than for every liquid metals because the challenge are less, of course, for sodium. Nevertheless, there is a necessity to have, to have a correct analysis of the feedback and we are lucky because in, for sodium, for sodium fast reactors, in the world there was some reactors and since a long time and so we have the possibility to analyze the data, the some data. For example, for Phoenix, we have some samples having 130,000 hours of operation, for example. Super Phoenix is low, lowest of course because of some components where the operation duration was not so long but in the, I would say in steady state conditions. So we need to, we can analyze, when you analyze the samples, you need also to analyze, but to know exactly what were the environmental conditions. It means temperature, transience sometimes, effect of maybe some operations like cleaning, aging, effect, creep, staking, fatty, blah, blah, blah, irradiation of course sometimes. So we have a knowledge R&D data and but it's necessary to have a robust data. If you want to extrapolate to 60 years, it's necessary to have more data. So this is the reason why we have some tests even now in order to accumulate hours of operation on the samples in order to have more pertinent important information for the future. Okay, so you can see on the left, on the right, sorry, some mechanical tests in hot laboratories for example in Sackling. Damage mode in SFR, you can, of course we are taking care about sheer buckling, buckling under pressure, excessive deformation, creep fatigue, high cycle fatigue. Why? Because we are in a liquid metal system and but we have, as you have seen, we don't mention a lot of aggressivity, I would say, of the liquid metal. It's more a question of temperature and transience of temperature and so on. About the core materials. Okay, yes, for the astrid demonstrator 110 in the range of temperature 480 to 700 degrees Celsius. For future SFRs, maybe we are, our target would be higher in terms of DPA. So what are the main environmental effects of my own materials with liquid metal coolants? Okay, generally, this is general, it's not only for sodium. You have a neutral flux, neutral flux on particularly on fuel cladding, under core structures, temperature, temperature, temperature gradients, temperature cycling also, instabilities and rifts, liquid metal chemistry, local sodium velocities and pressure. Here we have not indicated what we call dbtT, ductile-brital transition temperature. It was a point we addressed, for example, for Megapie project, because when you have phallitic T91 steel, due to the strong irradiation, due to proton and neutrons, of course, we have to deal with this potential phenomena. But it was a way also, thanks to some R&D we perform before Megapie, with the lead business, before in a so-called LISO experiment, we have seen that it was possible to demonstrate that during one year we will have no problems with this issue. The dbtT remains below the operating temperature, so we remain in the ductile domain. So it was an interesting point. About involved phenomena, of course, on structural materials, we have the general corrosion. We discussed that yesterday, very briefly. Deposition, what we say, of activated corrosion products and impact on contamination is more an issue linked to the dosimetry. It's not really an issue for the mechanical behavior of components. Embrittlement can be desquamation. What is desquamation is when you have an oxide on the surface, possibility that you produce some particles, because the oxide is not strongly linked to the substrate. Activation, potential stress corrosion cracking, on coolant, activation, sodium contamination, and so on. And on the gas, contamination. But so we will come back on this point. The context for the astrid, generally, we consider that we have a very satisfactory feedback regarding behavior when in contact with high purity sodium. So if you keep oxygen content below 3 ppm, let's say 3 ppm, we consider that behavior of material is very, very interesting and very attractive.  Here you have the same table as previous, but I have indicated in red what is relevant for the sodium. For the neutron flux, it's mainly on fuel cladding. We have to check the behavior of our undercoast structures, even if we know that for example for phoenix or some we maybe in BN600, they didn't face any big difficulty due to that. Sodium chemistry is mainly oxygen and hydrogen involved phenomena on structural materials. We have to deal with the generalized corrosion and mass transfer. I explained already that. It's more a question of contamination, of structure, which is important to know in terms of dosimetry for the, in terms of dosimetry for the, when you have to repair, for example, and so on, the position impact on contamination. Embracement, exclamation is not really an issue. Okay, particularly it's more an issue for heavy liquid metals. Potential stress corrosion cracking is typical problem of sodium in this case because when you have, I will come back on this point later. We discussed already, we give you more information. On the coolant, no specific issue except maybe we have some, we produce some particles of sodium chromite, okay, and some sodium chromite, but generally the size of these particles is rather small. You don't, there is no real risk of plugging with these kind of particles. In the cover gas, not only we have noble gas like Xenon and Krypton, but also we have cesium. I explained this morning and the cesium, we have a volatility, higher volatility from cesium. So, and target objective is 60, 60 years, but a question we have is what about the impact on particles for 60 years. So I think we need to have a deeper analysis of this point about particles because maybe we have some feedback. We are not, we are far from 60 years, even if we have a good evaluation of the production of particles, but it's a point to be, to increase, we need to increase the reliability of our evaluation. Okay, well, you know this figure. Okay, corrosion. I don't come back on that. Here you have, okay, some characteristic. Okay, as you have seen, we have developed a code oscar sodium to study the transfer of radio contamination. Here you can see facilities in SACLEE. Corrosion studies are carried out not in Kavahash, but in SACLEE. And if you want to have more information, you have here a reference, but Jean-Louis Couraud, he's the name of this researcher, has done a lot of activities related to corrosion since this year, but there are some corrosion studies are carried out in the so-called corona facility. In fact, here you can see this is some, I would say some vessels, small vessels in which we have sodium, control of the oxygen and the possibility to have a rotation in order to simulate, to simulate realistic conditions. Sodium water reaction. Okay, you know this slide, just by, there is an impact on materials. Okay, you have here what you have to look here is this. Here you have a picture where you have a, at this, my pointer, you have an impact. Okay, you can see that the pipe has been heated by the reaction. And generally you have a chemical effect, temperature effect, inducing a swelling and of course mechanical effects after. At the beginning you can have no leak and then increase of the leak. There is a phenomenology that can be more or less fast. Risk of corrosion cracking after repair. Stress corrosion cracking is very localized, the corrosion with small amounts of aqueous soda. We have a corrosion process characterized by transgarinar cracks, okay, in austenitic steels. If you look, we have of man, what we call of man diagram. Okay, and we, here you can see on the, on the right side you have always the same of man diagram. Here you have the stress corrosion cracking area for stainless steel. You have to notice that this phenomena occurs at relatively low temperature up to, let's say, up to 200 degrees Celsius. And what is important is to avoid to have in some remote place some sodium hydroxide. Typically when you open a circuit, if you have a moisture, hair and moisture, you have, you can have a production of soda. And after that, when you feel again the, or you heat up the circuit and feel again with sodium, you can create, can locally have cracks and so you can have damages. So for that, so generally the domain is between 120 and 200 degrees Celsius. And when you have between 30 to 80 percent of caustic soda in the area. And there is a strategy to, there is a strategy to avoid that by appropriate procedure, drying the, drying the gas, drying the local before to fill with the sodium. So there is a specific procedure which has been applied successfully on the, particularly on Phoenix reactor. So here you have the recommendation with regard to the stress corrosion cracking, recommendation on design rules and operating procedures. So we have to avoid aqueous hydroxide formation by design and draining options just in order to avoid the possibility to have this sodium hydroxide, aqueous sodium hydroxide. We have a procedure also with, in order to avoid to stay too much, too long time in this range of temperature when you fill the system.  It can be done during the design of course. You try to avoid some place where you can keep some sodium. And for Phoenix, all removal components dismounted, clean, inspect, repair. And we have a generally satisfactory reuse in the reactor. And also for the feasibility demonstration, we had a very valuable feedback from SFR operation also. So it means that it's a potential problem, serious problem, but we have the tools and the procedures to avoid that. Maybe I think the first day I explained this point. You have here, this is a pipe below the insulating material, thermal insulating material. And we can have a phenomena of corrosion, deep corrosion. We have a collaboration with Japan, with Dr. Tomohiro Furukawa on this topic. We have a common publication, a common paper. And we address this point. But now it's a problem we avoid. And particularly you have seen that we have innovation, we have innovation. And thanks also to a correct leak detection system. Here is just a view on the, here you have the core, okay, here. Above you have the, what we call above core structure, heat exchanger. In this end, here we have the so-called Rodin. So the Rodin separates the hot plenum from the cold plenum. And here you have a list of items which can impact the mechanical behavior of the walls or the structures. And so you can see, for example, one key component is the above core structure. You can have here thermal fatigue because you can imagine at the outlet of the core of each fuel assembly, you have a jet of sodium, okay, that impinge, impact the upper core structure. And so this, this component has to be correctly sized and so on. So we have also some stratification, some stratification, you know what this stratification is, the variation in a short distance of the temperature, a gradient. And if you have fluctuation of the levels, you can induce fatigue. Here you have a, we have codes for that and here you can see a picture where you have the movements of the, movements of the sodium. Of course, we use the mock up with water also for a part of the validation of this tool. And, and, okay, so thermo hydraulic impact on material. Thermo hydraulic studies are relevant for material analysis. We have to justify a thermomechanical criteria for a four year design life for, of course, for the subassemblies in sodium, 60 year design life for most of the primary internals, and below for the large components. We can imagine that, for example, it's possible to change a pump after 20, 30 years. Same for intermediate heat exchanger. We have to take into account the planned transients, like for, like for reactor maintenance, shut down, scram. Same design life goals as above for the, for this taking into account the planned transients. Accidental transients, short-term behavior of the cladding, scans and so on. So there are many issues and a lot of them are, the thermo hydraulic is important factor, environmental factor. Here you can see for the modeling approach in terms of thermo hydraulics, what is new is that you can imagine that only a CFD is very complex, okay? It's impossible and maybe not very useful. We have, we use a system code, you know, a system code which, in fact, we have a description of the circulation and for each area you have, I would say, a model, okay? And if you have perturbation somewhere, you study the propagation of this perturbation in the world system. We have a Qatar code, which is, we have a Qatar version for sodium. We use Qatar also for lead, there was some exchange with the heavy liquid metal community. And we have also locally a CFD, a CFD model, which is our reference. And locally, if it is necessary to have a better description in one place where we think that it could be, it is necessary to have a better description. We have, we can have locally a CFD. So we have a coupling between the system code and the CFD code in order to have a good description of, so you can see, we have a team working on this item in SACLE also. Phenomena of interest, there are many phenomena we are interested in such a complex system. Maybe I am not going to describe in detail, but the phenomena of in the output jet mixing at the core outlet, you can imagine that the outlet of the core, we have a lot of phenomena, recirculation and so on. Because just in front of the outlet, we have the upper core structure. We have also thermal shocks during transients, three level fluctuations, I already spoke about that. Wedding phenomena, okay, you remember what I said about that. With the sodium, it's a, it's a good, general good consequences because we don't, we are not, we don't face really liquid metal embrasurement like with heavy liquid metals and a lot of big corrosion issues. Nevertheless, we have the wedding, when you have a good wedding, we have a good accuracy of measurements, okay. A good for waiting, waiting is good for any service inspection also. Mass transfer, okay, impact on mass transfer, thermal exchange in heat exchanger, in some heat exchangers, it doesn't mean that for example, for the large intermediate heat exchanger where you have a large exchange, thermal exchange surface, we have for super phoenix is what 1200 square meters of surface of exchange for each, about for each intermediate heat exchanger.  But for a smaller heat exchanger, can be for example, if you accumulate, but generally the fact that the reactor is always operated in a non-isothermal situation, you don't dissolve the products in the sodium and so on. Easy requirements, this is important, this service. I have already discussed about this point. So it's important to characterize the, and sometime to check the good health of some wells, for example, in some particular places, okay, particularly for the example for the under core structures. About the materials issues also on the core catcher, okay. So for example, we investigate the possibility to have a core catcher, a core catcher here below the, below the strong back, below the core, and we have this developments, okay. Here also, so we had some studies in order to study the behavior of Zirconi, for example. We don't want to, we don't want to have, I would say, we don't want to have, for example, the composition of oxygen and to introduce because the core catcher is always in contact with sodium. So we need that during all these years and during 60 years, we have to avoid any release of particles or oxygen, okay. It's not, it's not good to have a source of oxygen. So there was these investigations and at the end, we decided to have, maybe to move more to molybdenum, maybe some core catcher without, without ceramics because what is the behavior of ceramics during a long time of operation? It was not so easy to understand. And I finish my last, my last slide is here. We have, in order to study this environmental effects on materials and particularly the interaction between the coolant with various temperatures, with a concentration, various concentration of oxygen, even if in sodium fast reactor, it's much easier because we work below 3 ppm. It's okay. And so in this case, we have investigations about the environmental conditions and factors that affect materials behavior, relevant for the structure integrity or come of confinement barriers and components. This is one part of the activity of this OECD expert group. We have, in the OECD, we have contributions from many countries, of course, the European countries, but also we have also a contribution from Russia, from China, also they entered and also from, from, from, from, sorry, Korea, Korea and Japan. Yeah. So there is a first topic which is how to address the environmental conditions. And the idea is to address the environmental effects relevant for construction standards. It means that if we need new recommendations, we need to have demonstrations. So the goal of this working group is not only to synthesize the issues we can face, both for sodium and heavy liquid metals. Okay, we work together. But also to importance, it's important to also say what we need in terms of R&D to validate some new recommendations, yes, for at the level of the design. Second part. Yeah, I finished. Coolant and cover gas, coolant and cover gas issues. Here, the focus is placed on issues relevant for radiological impact assessment, operating and handling. It's more to give some recommendations for the operation, not for the design, but for the operation. And the very important point we, we, we have also is the thermohydraulics and particularly for heavy liquid metals because in sodium we have enough feedback, but it was an important point for the heavy liquid metal community. Thank you. Okay. Thank you very much, Christian. Now, last chance to ask questions, questions. Just wait. What is it? Thank you again, Dr. Leje. I have a question about the, I see that you make a lot of material testing and regarding to radiation and thermal stresses, but how about the critical welds in these, in these materials? Because after welding they can change the, the microstructure and in this long-term situation. For the long time. It's, for example, it's a point we have to address. For example, to, when we have a weld, you have what we call that affected temperature zone. Okay. That affected zone. And effectively we have to take care with, in case of, if we want to have a decontamination, for example, after cleaning, maybe the, the, we have to test on some samples the behavior of these zones. So it means that when you think about, okay, the welding, you have also to think about the potential cleaning and decontamination after. Nevertheless, generally they, of course they weld as they, with the best, the process they know. But after that, we have to have a good idea about, about the behavior of the ZAT with, I would say, in contact with some water or acidic bath. Okay. But you mean like, try to project the, the behavior or because there was some, there was some studies, but above all what we are, we are very lucky because also currently we have the strategy to analyze a lot of samples coming from Phoenix reactor. Because Phoenix was operated between 1973 and 209. Okay. Two. Yes, structure testing, there will be mechanical tests. And we have also to establish a relationship between the sample and the life and the operating conditions. So, so there is a deep strategy in order to have a full benefit from these samples from Phoenix. And of course, some specific tests also. So, you mentioned that the ceramic is not being considered for sacrificial material in core catcher, but ESBWR and VBE are there already implementing like Portland cement and bricks of ferric oxide, aluminum oxide. So, is this oxygen problem only for sodium cold fast reactor or there will be problem for these reactors also? I mean, they're already being Excuse me. I have not, well, that's your question. Sacrificial material for the core catcher. Yeah. So, ESBWR and VBE, they have already implemented core catcher with Portland cement and bricks of aluminum oxide and ferric oxide. VBE are also doing the same thing. They are creating the core catcher. So, is this oxygen problem, you just said the problem can be happened. Is this only for the sodium cold reactor or this problem is also happened for those? No, it's, well, first is of course for sodium fast reactor. For lead fast reactor, they don't have to address a contact between between the coolant and the core catcher because in case of civil accident melting, the corium goes on the surface. Probably. Probably. It doesn't mean that the situation is safe because they have not seen, never seen good description of the scenario of movement of the corium and so on. But for example, for sodium fast reactor, what we foresee is there from below the core, there is a transfer transfer pipes in order that the melted the melted the corium is directed towards the sacrificial material and of course between the supporting structure and the core catcher. Effectively, there are the necessity to study very deeply what we call the fuel coolant interaction. Yeah. And because you can have in this kind of scenario, you have to investigate this, this phenomena. This is the reason why in Katarash, we have a project to develop a large facility to study in detail all these phenomenologies we can face both for fast reactors. Sodium, let's say, and also for light water reactors also called we have already a facility called the building experimental building dedicated to civil accidents called the Plinius. But but there is a project called the safety safety in order to develop new new facilities in order to have a better description of the interaction phenomena between the coolant and and the fuel. And for that, also, we have some collaboration discussions with some other partners. Okay, they're in Japan, particularly in India. Also, they have a facility called Sophie. So there are some facilities now, not so many, but for this item, it's clearly a necessity to have deep discussions because it's not so easy to investigate such complex phenomena. This is a case for fast reactors. It is also the case for for light water reactors, where you can have some kind of separation between the oxides and the metal phase, which is on the surface inducing. So what we call focusing effect on the structural material. A layer of metal zone. It's an issue which is deeply investigated, for example, in Kadarache, but not only in Kadarache, of course. So which material is considered for a fast reactor as sacrificial material? But it's not, it was not really a conclusion, but what we, maybe we think about, there is a solution which was investigated in Russia for BN 1200, I think. It's the molybdenum. If I remember well, there is, but to be checked, I think it is that. So there is no, if I understand, there is no ceramic, but we investigate the possibility to have, for example, for example, Zirconia, but how to demonstrate that during 60 years, you have a good stability of this sacrificial material. Because we have to have in mind that it's impossible to, it's impossible to change. You install this system before. We imagine also that we could have a liner on the surface in order to protect below. But it was the reason why, one of the reasons why we said, okay, we need more time to qualify the corcature. Okay, this is clearly a point, important point for these fast reactors. Thank you. Okay, thank you. Christian, interesting question from the chat. From Daouda Saleh, from safety point of view, what is the basic difference between homogeneous as it called, and heterogeneous? The basic difference? Yes, it's, I think, I hope I'm not that expert, but homogeneous is when you mix with, you mix with actinides, minor actinides. It's homogeneous, heterogeneous. I think you have a part with uranium plutonium oxide, but you can have also some, you can have also some specific area where you have more actinides and so on. I think you think. If I hope it's the correct answer, but I think it's... Any other? Before Saleh? Yes, please. Thank you for your presentation. Last day, you said that in a Phoenix reactor, the heat accumulates in some corner of the core, corner of the core. The heat accumulates in a corner assemblies, if you remember correctly. The heat accumulates in the corner assemblies. Corner assemblies? Corner. Near to the wall assemblies. No, no, no. The heat, the super Phoenix, the heated, accumulated, the hot zones near to the corner assemblies. What does it, what do you mean by corner assemblies? Corner assemblies near to the wall. Fuel assemblies in a Phoenix, the heat, the hot zone near to the walls. In the center, yes. Quarters in the center. Power. The most powerful in the center. I think... No, I think... What I said yesterday about some radial variations, I said, baby, but I'm not sure you refer to that. I said that in order to avoid a hot, hot temperature near the main vessel, we have a recirculation of where the VEA, WER system, where you recirculate cold sodium in order to avoid to have a too high temperature on the main vessel. I think I didn't speak about the... You have a picture, very old picture about this. So I... Yesterday? Yeah, about, speak about the Phoenix thermohydrolix briefly. So I checked this, I, if... Okay. So I want to about this, have this optimization about this phenomenon in a Astrid project for a thermohydrolix performance of the new design. Sorry, I have not catch the problem you refer to. I have another question. I discuss about in a brief... Okay, thank you. About the validation of the... We have to finish now, okay? The validation of the CFD. You talk about the validation of CFD and say that you use the water instead of the sodium. Yeah, it's partially validation. It's a partial validation. But for the main circulation, we can use this mockup, which is the scale is maybe one, one, one to four, okay? Scale divided by four. I think I have to check, but... And it's with water, effectively, we can have a good idea of the recirculation and so on, using colors, for example. This is one way. And you have seen that geometry is very similar to the Astrid geometry. There is another way. I visit, for example, in Borsig's, in Obninsk. You have a facility B200, I think the name of this facility, instead to have geometry very similar to the reactor. In fact, you have a circulation and each zone is represented by a volume, okay? And you check the distribution of... You follow the distribution of volumes, okay? And you describe the system with a different approach, I would say, by a systemic approach. And coming back to our facility, of course, we have this mockup with water, but also we need to have, of course, for some specific geometries, it could be useful to have some, maybe some mockups, if the CFD is not enough robust to describe correctly the recirculations and the temperature transients and so on. Because with water, of course, we are not in the same conditions as we have with... By the way, when you model with water, which criteria you use? Reynolds, growth, growth, growth, I don't know. Reynolds, yes. And in detail, yeah, you asked me the similitude rules. I have... I can check and send you a relevant paper on that. Okay, thank you. If my colleague is going to do, this is the name of the expert, we can... Thank you for the great talk. So, we stop now, okay? So, unfortunately, we have to stop now. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you for...