Alrighty, so it's been quite some time since an update on Canada's Wonderland has occurred and there are reasons for that. We're covering the construction of a restaurant and various little side projects in the park, so updates are going to be pretty infrequent because we're not going to update you like we did with Yukon almost every day because it's exciting, there's a new track piece or a new footer. It's just not the same, so I don't want to bore you guys with small updates, so I'll go over everything I know very quickly. So the restaurant has had most of its footings installed.  It's footings, it might have something to do with the land, but it also does have something to do with the fact that the building is prefabricated. So this building was built off-site in sections and it's going to be installed at the park. I don't know what that means, I wasn't expecting that, but I was told it has something to do, it could have something to do with the land, but also prefabricated buildings are easier to install and they don't need foundations, but it could also be the type of soil that is in that part and it needs really deep footings, so that's the route that they could have gone down. So most of those have been installed, they're ripping up a lot of the brick work and in the storage area a ton of brick has arrived. So I think we're going to see that entire area kind of like reworked, which is really exciting as I discussed in a previous video, I love that Cedar Fair does that. In terms of if you look down by back lot, the electrical company is back on site in full force, lots of manpower down there. And as you can see, no work has been done on the Kingswood theatre, but there are definitely equipment down there to further work on it. Again, this isn't something that's coming in the next two to three years, so there's no rush to remove it. In fact, I don't even think they have plans for that plot of land currently. They just want to remove Kingswood as there is no use for Kingswood moving forward that the park has plans for. That being said, we still don't know what's going on in Whitewater Canyon's forest. It literally could be a new haunt theme. It could be nothing. It could end up being a ghost town alive. That would be best case scenario. It's nothing else. It's not a roller coaster. It's not a flat ride. It looks like just some reworking of buildings or buildings. If that, again, always difficult to tell when you don't have access to up close view of it. But nonetheless, the park did say after Winterfest they'd be looking to make some sort of announcement on what's coming in 2022. And they did confirm with us that it is no ride. There are no rides coming in 2022. So we do know that there are no new rides being built. So at best it could be a ghost town alive. And to be honest, it's most likely either a retheme of a haunted attraction on that trail for where corn stalkers was, or it's literally corn stalkers just looking a little different from the winter and the trees not being fully grown. So it's always difficult to tell. But that's all I really have to say. There's not much else going. Nothing going on in Dinosaurs Alive that we can tell. But again, you won't be able to tell until the park opens fully. But we'll keep you guys updated if we hear any rumblings and rumors through the mill on Dinosaurs Alive. Anyways, thanks so much. Just wanted to update you guys. I know it's a very boring update, but we usually only fly when we are told to fly or we know to fly. So don't worry. When there is something to update you guys on, we will have the drone up and we will provide an update. If you don't see a video on Canada's Wonderland, it means there's absolutely nothing to cover at the current moment. You'll probably see maybe a video a week at best currently on Canada's Wonderland until the prefabricated building arrives for install. Thanks so much for watching guys. Hopefully you had an amazing week and a happy new year. Have a good one. Bye.


And I work on marine biogeography and I look at the impact of climate change on the special distribution of marine biodiversity from global to regional. And today I'm going to talk about the shifts that we are seeing under climate change. And so I'm going to take you through the, how we calculate the species diversity and at different spatial scales and how we extract data and process that. And, and then look at the spatial distribution across latitude longitude and also depth. Sometimes, and if we have enough data, and, and then look at the, how they, this distribution has been shifting under climate change in the past present and also under future climatic scenarios. So, these are the key concepts. So, if we can see that there are is a site a which we can say is a local region and, and these different symbols represents different types of species. And if we just look at inside of the site a, and just calculate the simply the number of species, then it's, it's alpha, it's we designate as alpha diversity. And then, when we compare it, decide a with side B, and look how the composition of species is changing or the number is changing we, we call it as beta diversity. So, it depends on like if we find a completely new set of species, it's species, it's 100% turnover, or if it is just the difference is just because of the number of species that then we can say okay site a is nested within site B. And, and then when we look at the overall region, which includes both the sites. We designate that as karma diversity, which is basically the, you can say the species richness of overall bigger region. And, and so I work on global data sets. And so this is how we look at the whole earth we divide divide this whole into different grades, and that can be like a bigger grades and then smaller grades, and which could be actually regional bands like this. And then, and then at a smaller scale we look at the regions which could be divided into different hexagon size or square shaped grids. And they are of these, these sizes can vary between like 550,000 square kilometer hexagons or, or 800,000 or even smaller. Yeah, and then we look at the special gradient like how these alpha diversity gamma diversity which is at the bigger special skill and then within that is changing in using different diversity in dices. So these are the global databases that I use. It's basically ocean biodiversity information system and GP IF. That's where we get the data on the occurrence of the species records. And then after we have these data, we compare the name of the species with from the world register of marine species to see if the names are valid and if there are any errors. And if they, if they are accepted or not, and just to have this data quality control, and then for environmental data sets, we get the data from give go or hit least and bio record. In this example, we collected data from obis, and which was like 23.7 million distribution records and then cross to cross match the species name in worms, and, and just use the data for over almost like 50,000 element species. And then after quality control, we had only 12.6 million records that we looked at, and then classify these as pelagic and benthic based on the species. Information if they have one life stage as benthic we define them as benthic and if they are overall pelagic then they were pelagic and that's the number of species that we looked at. And then we use these occurrence records to plot against the latitude and the we use chow index to minimize sampling bias by in the number of samples. And in this graph, you can see that because you wanted to see how the distribution of species richness is changing across as we go from the north to the south. And if, if it is aligned with the hypothesis saying that we have more number of species at the tropics so that was very interesting to test when we have this much of data. And then in these many graphs you can see that the x axis is latitude and the y axis is the basically the estimated number of species using chow index. And we can see that on the, on the left hand side of the graph is the southern south. The southern hemisphere and in the middle is the equator the zero and on the right hand side is the is the northern hemisphere. So, well it didn't go by the hypothesis is what we would have expected that there will be more species at the equator, but there is a dip actually at the equator and this, this, this equatorial dip was quite common among in all, but it was there in all the species when we looked at all the species data. But when we define this biological and benefit, it was also very consistent. And then there was the peaks in the diversity was actually at the at the subtropics, not at the tropics, not at the equator. So, and then we also model this species such as against sea surface temperature, and, and found that on if we if the temperature goes above 20 degrees basically the species which is kind of declines there, except few of which are very tropical species like demersal and reef associated fishes, but they also kind of reaching to this asymptote. And that's, that's this temperature where we have the maxi that said the equator where we have the maximum temperature you know this red thing shows the maximum temperature and that's where all these species richness is elevating and that's where we are finding this equatorial tip. So, and then the next step was to see how the surface temperature has been changing in the different parts of the world. So we divided this into Arctic not separate tropics. And this is basically X axis shows the time time period from 1920 onwards until 2015. And then the Y axis is the SSD a sea surface temperature anomaly. And we can see that there has been consistent rising temperature in the in the northern hemisphere as compared to the southern hemisphere. So, to see how the latitude no distribution in species richness has changed over time. We could only do it for three different time periods of 20 years from 1955 to 1974 then 1975 to 1994 and 1995 to 2015. And because, because how much data we had, you know, so we had to make a balance between that we, we have enough data to derive significant conclusions. So, so from 19. So we can see in here in these graphs for all species that basically the green one shows the 1955 to 1994 the distribution is very much uni model and but then in the latest time period, it is going this, this we find this tip at the equator and then the diversity is kind of like has shifted in the subtropics, the peaks. And this is very much prominent in the pelagic species, but also in the benthic species to this kind of shift in the northern hemisphere as we can see here. When it comes to species turnover, we also did the same thing to model the species turnover against latitude. And interestingly, we found that there is the species turn also in the graph on the right hand side, you can see latitude and then species turnover, which is very much uni model. And species richness on the left side of the axis is species richness, which is actually by model. So, so it was very contrasting to see that we find high species turnover at the equator. And this is because we have more endemicity in the in the tropics, you know, and there are more geographic barriers, and you find more number of bi geographic realms there as well. But with the increasing temperature, this would indicate that there is more habitat in a fragmentation that is happening. So we are losing not just we are not just losing species, but also this kind of peak indicates the just the fragmentation of species diversity basically. So the next step was to look more closely into this subset of species, which indicates represents some ecosystem and we chose coral reef ecosystem to look for it. And this is basically why because coral reefs are very important as we all know, and they are also very sensitive indicators of climate change. And now the next step was to because until now we looked at the observed data and how this has changed over time and but how this will change in the future. We wanted to do some more future modeling. And this is basically interesting the model, like when you do predictions, you can we can match. We match the species occurrence with the environmental data, where they occur, and then predict where the species are going to be occurring in the in the new environmental set. So these kind of habitat modeling is important because it completes the spatial gap in point data distribution as because this was the problem that we were finding in the in the previous research, but it was more important to do that because we were looking at the observed data as how it was, and if it shows something important related to climate change impacts. And, and now we are moving to this predicted habitat sociability models under different scenarios. And for the coral reef, this research, we use the 57 species of coral corals and their inhabitants, which included fish mollusks, orthoports and polykeets. And these are basically occurring in the warm water, which is represented by the yellow color data points and also in the cold water. So these are different sets of species representing cold and warm water coral reef ecosystem. And we use max and modeling, sorry, we use these environmental data from by a record and this in this temperature, sorry, the environmental layers were see bottom temperature salinity current velocity and we predicted the species distribution in the present situation and in the in the future scenarios under RCP 4.5 and 8.5 and also used geographically adepts to see how it varies with depth. So, so we use max and modeling to to to predict the species distribution. So that's what I previously mentioned that the species occurrence data was matched with the environmental layers and then the models were calibrated using different parameters in there.  And then these global predictions were then compared the future ones were compared with the present ones and then we got the estimate of like how the difference between the present and the future suggested if the species has lost it, it's occurrence in the future or has gained a new occurrence in somewhere else in in in the future scenarios. So these were the results and basically we modeled for each species these different under different scenarios and then overlaid all the models. All the differences that we can we found in the distribution of species, and then we overlaid all these models together to see if there are regions where we find a collective loss of the species or gain of the species. And here in this slide. You see the collective loss of the species in different parts of the world. So we did the global projections but it shows these data are actually five arc minute. This is the resolution five arc minute so they're very precise like much more smaller grades than what I showed you in the previous time. So, we can see that almost all the warm water species have lost their distribution, and then this RCP 4.5 scenario in 2050. And this, this color graph actually shows the number of species that have have been losing their distribution. And, and in our in 8.5 scenario, this, this is even more intense, especially in Southeast Asia. And here, this is the in 2100. And you can see that almost more than 99% of the coral reefs and their associated species they have lost their distribution. And it was really heartbreaking to see these results for me. And interestingly, the, the species and the cold water they actually gained a lot of their distribution in the, in the Arctic Ocean. But there is no real gain for the tropical ones here, as we can see, there is no gain in these parts. So we calculated the, the area that was lost or gained in each of these different groups. And we can see of course, on, on, on the graphs you can see on the left, y axis is the area, and on the x axis is the groups. And, and this orange dark orange color represents the worst case scenario in RCP 8.5 in 2100 where we have the maximum loss. And yeah, and then if you compare to the gain, and this is for warm water species. The gain is much, much less than, than the loss basically, except for fish. Well, it's also less but fish, we can say they are more mobile and they could cover more distance. So, so it's kind of they still can gain a little bit more than others other groups. And this is the result for cold water species. So the loss, and it is a lot but also there is, we can see there is gain. And when we go more into the details of which species is gaining or losing more than loss or gaining more than, you know, so we can see for the warm water species of course all of them are losing more than they gain in the future. Whereas the cold water species, this is quite mixed. So, and when we look closely into which species are actually losing more, these are actually those species which are occurring much higher up in the north, especially in the, they are more Arctic specific species. But the ones which are gaining more like the polycates, they are actually the species which has a wider distribution, and they are more generalist. So we can derive a conclusion that all the species which has less or restricted geographical range and they occur in a very specific environmental conditions. They are at high risk here, as compared to the ones which has wider geographic range and much wider environmental range as well. So, we might see a more generalist species appearing as, as we can see from these results. So, we don't know how these this kind of turnover in the species, especially in the north is going to affect whether it's if it is a positive change that we're going to see in the ecosystem or a negative change, but definitely there will be some kind of change that we can expect in the ecosystem functioning in both the warm and the cold waters. So, these results basically are well, these, these data are mostly coastal and shallow water. So, definitely we need more data. Well, from the from the study from the PNAS one was mostly shallow water data so definitely we need more data from the deep sea to see how it is working. Yeah, the results. We have found are quite striking and these models can be improved more by including more species physiological information their life cycle information and integrating that into these these kind of prediction modelings. Nevertheless, these models are, I believe are quite good to give us the overview of how the future may look like. And, and I believe the a lot can be done to by integrating these models in the strategic implementation of the resource management. And yeah. So, that's it from my side and I would like to thank all my porters my friends and people who have been so supportive in in these research. Yeah. Thank you. And I'm open for the questions. Thank you so much for for.


Technique like in the other productions. We want to talk about some things and in the patek We have Well, we have a sonata, which is completely easy. There is no difficulty and So you don't have to practice out. No, this is not true. It is very difficult and Well, please Tell your experience. What do you think? Where do I the difficulties for you? Where do you have to practice? Well, I would say one thing to keep in mind is not to overplay the almost tremolo bass like tremolo It's about not trying to work too hard With the fingers With a slight rotation and never quite leaving the keys So Profit profit from the Wonderful Steinway which still sounds when you only left you half up and And this by the way is a wonderful Bösendorfer and here it works too. Yeah, and What do you do there? Do you take pedal to help for the sound or would you like to have a clear? Tremolo where one can hear every note You should be able to hear every note, but it has to be it should that's not the main Source of the excitement. It's the right hand. That's Going straight up. Yeah flashes of lightning. There's left hand is integral, but not the absolute main element And so obviously it should be light and As even as possible But also there's a danger to get too fixated and then it becomes Yeah, and to keep it quiet for the entire first Four bars before it says crescendo because it's so tempting with this it would seem like it should go Yes, do this big crescendo when he only writes it four bars later would disturb the right hand. Absolutely. How about the right hand? How which movement of the arm you use are you doing it with the wrist? Are you doing it with the? Part of the arm are you doing from the fingers or you change during the crescendo? Well, it's mostly from the arm Because it's a bit dangerous to go Yes See, but if you try and prepare As I say Lay the carpet. Yes, I should prepare and then And the touch you what you think one could practice it for example like this Yes, I've done that a few times at the beginning when I started in different maybe in different intervals To have it and to practice it maybe with the crescendo Yes, and this for Tato like it is written to bring it out. Yes, and also to do the voices Separately I think was very helpful because there's quite a lot of thumb movement going Yeah So that has to be completely relaxed so one one could for example practice a scale only with a thumb Yes like this Yes, yes, and well at the end of the second page it is some Must look it up which bar it is it is some bar 50 60 49 50 this is almost something which is really on the first side it is Unplayable and you you get your you get your arms and and and you can't go on How do you do it? Well, it's very important to have this very quick lateral movement and so I think quite a useful way to practice it is if you just hold the left hand and practice this movement Very quick and then maybe and prepare and then try And maybe even just even just only the jump With for one or something like this and they're very interesting Mario Pereira the editor of the new edition he made a proposal for changing the hand there so that you You hear already take the left hand so then you can go into the new position with the right hand And you can keep the tempo. Yes, can you can you show this? Yes, so nevertheless of the very first jump is okay. Yeah, but after this you can't do it in this way so you just have to practice and Yeah, also challenging I think is to get the clarity of these Mordents The fingering is very important. Of course that completely depends on your hand and yes, what's kind of tool for you? But again one thing we talked about a lot was not to do too much movement Yes, with your arm more from the fingers and very loose and light and Especially for myself. I found out that changing fingers can be a help for example if you have one and Then three and then two Yes, that's what I did Then you can't stuck You can't stuck and I think This works. Can you show? Yeah This works wonderful and Very interesting these works in every combination of black and white keys When when you would think it this is un-possible for example two white keys and A black key at the end you can do one three one three two one And you can really rely that you don't stuck Could you just play this again? Yeah, yeah, and very important is just to do it from the fingers. Otherwise It is rhythmically not Clear and maybe it's even also too loud. Yeah, it's a lot. What about the chords? The opening gravity are how do you do it with a with a extra accent? Are you just let the arm fall? Well, I mean arm weight is really essential for these big chords Because you don't want to play from the elbow down and go because then you get a harsh sense and So a good way is to always try and Connect the arm to the shoulder and then to the back that you feel like you're playing these chords with your Entire body and the aim is really to get this Round sound. Yeah, there isn't again like a hammer and to try and really Feel the weight of your arms and completely relaxed is essential Yeah, but you just fall down and let the weight of the arm do the sound Exactly Second movement mmm difficulty what's What do you think what what what is the problem? Where do you yourself have to? be attended mostly Well, there's again completely different set of difficulties to the first movement the primary one being Mostly phrasing and quality of sound And it's easiest that then done to just say you should sing here. It's about how do you Physically do it and how do you listen? and The useful way perhaps possibly is thinking about again totally relaxed arm and Thinking into the keys I was always taught when I was younger from my wonderful teacher in England Dina Parakina To like a parachute Yeah, never yes exactly exactly and this is really essential Not just for this movement, but for all piano playing. We're always trying to sing And also to think about the phrasing. How would you sing it? You don't want to go You want to try and connect I won't sing now because I've got a cold But that's always a really useful way to go And you go there and then you go on yeah And with the Christian or to the next yes, and I think if you're at home, just it's always useful to try Singing and how would you phrase it and if you try and sing it in one breath? You realize that you need to take breaths. Yeah, and it's in this way that it will help you Try at least and get a natural and Singing and for pianissimo chords like this It is bar 44 I Think there also is this situation where you don't let the key come up completely You profit from the possibility of repeating. Yeah, can you show it? I? Even would do it even with a little bit more fingers, but of course as you said it is personal personal taste and personal also capacity and There are a lot of different possibilities, but Of course move the arm a little bit and the wrist and also the finger and like to use it in her comment Trying this in different keys to change between white and black keys and the combination of them I think this would be also very helpful That movement Scales one should practice scales with the also was changing from From normal semi quavers to semi quavers and triplets and also with quintals and all this Yeah, there's really there's a lot of scales in this final movement and With all scales the really key element is the mobility of the thumb to pass under because otherwise you'd get Yes, and so it has to be is Especially when you go up you must prepare the thumb when the other things fingers are playing Now it must be already here And here too, and I think this is really essential for preparation the new position and also to practice this slowly and to listen not to do accents and Yeah, and also practice it in different Dynamics because here we have even fortissimo. Oh, yes, and yeah, sometimes how about left-hand in this third movement? Well, there's the two sections with triplets which need to be he's written piano and they need to be light and elegant And there's many different fingerings that you could do You could either do three two one Yeah, and In the right hand Again completely personal But I think it's very important to practice it of course slowly and really you know when you're Thinking about this think about each note and at the very beginning at least to think about each physical and Always listening. Yes. I think that's really quite vital in different editions I have seen a lot of proposals and Marie Pereira writes some three two one just Which I also for me it would be the best but there are four three two Yeah, and also four three one and then Three again. Well one I think one has to try it out and if it works you could even play with your nose But the fingering here from from Pereira I really admire very much and it helps very much, but I think Doing fingerings. It's never like I'm behaving like a guru because a guru is always right and but it's just a proposal and I think here are these are decent proposals and I liked very much to see it and to follow it What do you think in such a passage Should it be completely leggero almost non legato or maybe even with a small pedal to give a sound The way I think it can sound there's so many different ways Perhaps with a slight pedal because we have a minimum and so you want to have a connection in the right hand And then in the left turn It should be very light and Again elegant. It's all about the technique is always it's never a separate element Yeah, it's always connected with the mood and What you want to do exactly? Yeah, and and just for the final scale. What's what is about them pedal and scale? Difficult question because of course we have this big chord It would it would be maybe sacrilegious to go This would be too much, but if it's too clear, but then it also can't be Yeah, it's for this emotion, but one could play it in this articulation. I think this would be too too clean Yes, it has to have a bit of The the emotion there I was thinking we are here in a studio in the monster term two floors behind Sea level and with a lot of stairs and we prepared all the books and the this course and Went down the stairs and imagine you fall All the books follow you and you are on the ground And I think this is such a situation without control and very strong And even if possible in fortissimo even a crescendo to the last chord. Yes, I think one could Use a little bit of pedal off of course. Yes, especially for the court. I would use a lot of pedal Maybe you can just do the the wonderful ending there. We also have Yeah, this change we have a Firmata then suddenly a flat major we talked about already and Decrescendo pianissimo and you think it's like a big question mark and then somebody throws the door or something like this Yeah, can you show it? Yeah, like this and Yeah, so somebody says no, it's now it's over. No, it's okay and Yes, and I also want to thank you and So in the way now it's over and I regret that very much because this hasn't been a wonderful discussion And for me here at the Mozart him when we work together. I always have a good lesson in English English pronunciation and the right words and the right grammar. Thank you very much. Thank you very much


Ladies and gentlemen, welcome to this press conference from the fourth day of the 49th annual meeting of the World Economic Forum here in Davos. Thank you for being here in the room. Thank you for joining us on the live stream, whether you're watching on Twitter, Facebook or the website, we are certainly happy that you're tuning in. This press conference is dedicated to the question how to deal with the electronic waste crisis. That dramatic, I admit it, but as you will see, it is also quite a challenge that we're facing here. This press conference is also dedicated to the launch of a new report called New Circular Vision for Electronics, Time for Global Reboot. So more drama from us, let's see if that's justified. We have a wonderful panel here tonight to speak about this topic and to try to answer the question how to deal with the electronic waste crisis. To my immediate left, we're joined by Frans van Houten, the CEO of Royal Philips. To his left, we're joined by Naoko Ishii, the CEO and chairperson of the Global Environment Facility. To her immediate left, we're joined by Xiaohu Lin, the Secretary General of the ITU. And last but definitely not least, we're joined by Lian Kamp, the founder and CEO of Everletcher. You see as always the forum tries to have a nice mix of multi-stakeholder experts here together. Frans, you are a co-chair of PACE, which is the platform for accelerating the circular economy. And as everybody has seen, PACE is on the report. So it's basically your report. But let me give you the opportunity to introduce PACE to the audience. Give a bit of background of what PACE is doing and what they will find in the report. It's a pleasure. A couple of years ago, here at the World Economic Forum, several organizations started an initiative around plastics. We called it mainstream. And that was a focused effort to get organized around, let's say, closing the loop on plastics. That started to become successful and then we said we need to do more. And WEF is a great convening organization, but as an action platform where many governments and companies all come together, we felt we need an organization. And that is the platform to accelerate the circular economy. What PACE does is, first of all, it brings everybody together. We share knowledge, but we also organize together around projects. And we do that around themes, plastics, electronics, responsible food chains, but also insights around, for example, how do you make procurement circular? Because that's an essential ingredient. So there's a lot of knowledge to share. And then we have a geographical angle. And now, okay, we'll speak to that in a moment, but obviously you cannot only do this on a global level because action is always local and therefore mobilizing people on the ground in different geographies is essential. So PACE brings all of that together. And then we have a lot of volunteers that put their shoulders behind it. And then we have a high intensity cadence of meetings and phone calls to get things moving and we solve problems. And that works pretty well. The knowledge finds its way into reports. The circularity gap report actually says we still have a big job to do. And then the new report around division for circular electronics basically defines the problem, but also defines how you can solve it, either by giving electronics a new life, repurposing a repair loop, or by actually taking it back and recirculating the materials. This can be done in an economically viable way. We are convinced of that. And then to switch from the knowledge part to the action part, we said, okay, we need to create around electronics two big initiatives. One for capital equipment. If you know Phillips, then you know that we stand for medical equipment. And very often that goes to, in a business-to-business relationship to hospitals and so on. And we have rounded up a lot of companies to say, let's take all of that equipment back. Now, instead of letting it go to landfill, we want it back. And there's today already 10 companies, 10 big multinationals who are making these pledges, among which Mitsubishi, Dell, Cisco, many others. And we all have pledged to reach certain goals and we publish these goals into our annual reports and so on. So for example, Phillips, we will take all medical equipment back by 2020 and all products by 2025. A bigger challenge is the consumer electronics. Think about your phones and all your other gear that very often makes it into the landfill. And also, there are many initiatives to close the loop. Today, we had a meeting around PACE. There were many intense dialogues around it. How governments and procurement should become circular, but also that there should be standards to make sure that electronics is repairable and that we know what valuable materials are inside, so to all take it back. So, of course, that is all described in this document and here's how we activate on that. I think it is going to be very useful to talk about the geographical expansion because I already mentioned you only get traction when you mobilize people on the local community. And there we have exciting news to give.  Thank you. Good afternoon. This exciting news that France is talking about is actually launch of the Nigerian E-Waste Project. As you may know, Africa is becoming a bit of a dumping site of those electronics so that how we can really avoid that problem. Currently, Nigeria has received maybe 500,000 tons of electronics waste a year and it is estimated that 100,000 people are working in informal sector and then they exposed a huge health risk. So, how we could actually solve this problem? This project we are now launching, or they are now launching, has two components. The one is policy side. This project helped them to introduce EPL extending our producer responsibility principle and then also it has an infrastructure side, how to do this better recycling. So, with this policy side and the infrastructure side and we hope that this project will actually that solve this crisis, E-Waste crisis in Nigeria and the Fatsuma, we hope that it will be actually that then replicated in some part of this in Africa which have the same problem, which are facing the same problem. If I may say one more thing about China, that China joined this space last year and that today we are very much privileged to have a minister, Xi Jinping, that the vice chairperson of NDLC National Development and Reform Council and then apparently we learned that the minister chair is actually the person who coined the word circular economy and all of these years that he has been promoting the circular economy as an actually means to realize the much bigger vision of ecological civilization which is basically meant to catalyze that in a holistic, comprehensive way of their economy and also society. And we got quite a good briefing from him directly that how China has been doing and what is his plan to go forward so that I think the entire pace and the team is very much benefited from China and also we hope that the pace platform will also help that kind of ambition to move forward. So it's from regional global dimension that maybe the two things I'd like to share with you today. Thank you, Noko. And Franz, you used this wonderful expression that your volunteers put their shoulders behind it and indeed it is heavy lifting. Let me just quote one statistic from the report that I've found absolutely astonishing as a layperson here on the panel. Every year approximately 50 million tons of electronic and electrical waste are produced equivalent in weight to all commercial aircraft ever built. I think that's a very concrete example of the amount of e-waste we're dealing with and the report goes on to say that if nothing is done, this amount will triple by 2050. As Secretary General, ITU has been very active in that field and is engaged in this work as well. Can you share your perspective as an international organization on the magnitude of the challenge, please? Thank you very much. It's on. It's on? Yes. Okay, very good. Thank you very much for your call for my message. I'm Secretary General of International Telecommunications Union. International Telecommunications Union was created in Europe, 1865, so that we already had 153 years of history. But from the very beginning, I do have worked with our industry, including Philippines, to develop new technologies of communication. And with these communication technologies, evidently you have to use electronic equipment. So from the very beginning, we are just encouraging our society to get new technologies with electronic equipment. So we have not really put this question on the e-waste, on our agenda. So when we got this kind of statistics, you just quoted that annually we had about 55 million tons of e-waste. That was valued around 68 billions of dollars. So this is a very big money. And this money, someone said that in the world, around 120 countries, their GDP is not higher than that one. So that is the very big issue for us. And then another story is that we already worked on this issue for some, sometimes, but still up to now, only 10% of the recycling of this e-waste is done by someone. And this is not enough for sure. And we talked about the climate change, and we talked recently about plastic pollution. And the e-waste also causes some environmental issues for us as well. So that is a very big issue. So I do work with the equipment. We are very proud that ICT is not a part of a problem, but ICT is always a part of a solution everywhere. But now we see that ICT also cause trouble of these environmental issues and the problems. So we are very serious. We try to work hard with our partners, with our members, with our industries to address this issue. And last year, we invited a few UN agencies together with ITU to sign a memorandum. We try to work together. And those UN agencies, including ITU, United Nations University, IELO, and UNDP, and WEF as well. And I'm very pleased to share with you that just last week, we got another member of WHO to join us to sign this agreement for the e-waste. So this is something we just started. And we try to address this issue very seriously. And when we signed that agreement last March in ITU at our big meeting of WISIs, I also mentioned that this kind of statistic just shows us the e-waste situation on the territory. We are not talking about the e-waste in the sky. In the sky, you have another kind of e-waste as well. That is more serious for us if something happened. That, for example, late last year, we had some problems about shutting down from the sky of satellite. So that is another issue we will try to address. And I'm very pleased that we already have some first report to be launched today. And that report will give us some information about the situation today and what we plan to do. Of course here, we count on our media friends to help us to raise the awareness of this important issue and invite everybody, particularly through our NGOs and the others to come together to address this issue. Let me just stop here for a moment. Thank you. Mr. General, thank you for your remarks. Leanne, you are the resident geek on our panel this evening as the CEO of Everledger. Tell us a little bit about what Everledger does, but more importantly about how technology in general can be an important aspect of dealing with the electronic waste crisis. Please. So I wear the badge proudly. So yes, my name's Leanne Kamp. I'm the founder and CEO of a technology company called Everledger. And I'm also hold office with the Queensland government as the chief entrepreneur to set policy and help assist in the innovation agenda around fourth industrial revolution technologies. My company began in the heart of London in 2015, predominantly using the combination of fourth industrial revolution technologies, blockchain, smart contracts, machine vision and robotics to transform a supply chain. And that being the diamond supply chain to bring transparency across a singular product, but to also think about how this supply chain can be transformed to reuse metals and minerals out of an electronic waste supply chain.  So being the resident nerd on the desk, this report stands as the blueprint, the blueprint for entrepreneurs and innovators around the world that understand the singular technologies that can come together to solve for very real challenges. And as we start to understand how circular economy will transform, it will become a chamber within the beating heart of trade. And of course, these technologies will also form the artery system to enable us to move the limbs of industry to really transform the importance around waste. And more importantly, I'm completely excited around electronics because the reality is unless we have a good identity system to be able to identify not only the source of these materials and where they have come from, but also that same identity system that can persist over time, we are now able to create an entirely new system of value, something that is incredibly important to industry, to economies and to even to the future of jobs, works and skills. Thank you, Leon.  So I'm surprised that you kept a secret about the role that the Netherlands will play for PACE. So I have to put you on the spot and please share with the audience what is going on. So you've heard us talk about the movement that is starting to get success around circular economy, plastics, e-waste, food chains, practices. So it's really exciting. But clearly, you then need to put a movement behind it and an organization. So also over the last year, we have been working on fundraising and establish a permanent organization that can run PACE. WRI will be the hosting organization and the Netherlands has supported us to become the hosting country, through funding, through other means. And so this is very exciting. PACE will be headquartered in the Netherlands. And from there on, we will expand further. Maybe finalizing then with a statistic, already over 11 countries have signed up to PACE. Already over 54 companies have signed up to PACE. So all of this is expanding. And I think this is where leaders take responsibility and where the media can help us is create awareness, but also hold everybody to the responsibility that to live in this world and for the next generations, we need to shift from a linear to a circular model. And that's our goal. Thank you. Thank you, Franz. And for the sake of our online audience, the WRI is the World Resources Institute that Franz mentioned. You mentioned the role of the media, so let's open the floor for a question and answer. If I could see a show of hands of those of you who have a question. Yes, we have a lady in the front row. Please, the microphone is coming. Hello, panelists. I'm Angela, working for a Chinese online media court center. And I was here attending the last press conference and I asked one question about how to recycle all the wasted batteries out of an electric car because the electric car has been a big market here in China, but we start to consider about what to do with all the use the batteries after they run out of the life. So I asked a question, but they say that this panel actually it's about how to deal with all the waste, so you might come up with a better solution for this. Thank you, panelists. Thank you very much. So don't tell anyone one, but these are the better experts here in this press conference. No, I'm kidding, of course. But who wants to take a stab at answering the question? Maybe to give you some time to think about your answer, one statistic also from the report we're launching today is that only 20% of all this property is recycled. So I think that that goes to show how relevant your question is. I'll be happy to give it a start and then you can contribute. Please. Let's say first we need to do general recycling and take back, right? But that can never be the end goal. And as Minister Xi also shared, standards will have to be set. For example, standards about repairability, standards about reusability of materials, material passports, and those are going to be next steps. Within the e-waste, the electronic waste alliance and the circular vision, there is also a battery alliance, right? Where battery companies start to discuss on how to do this. And one of the future solutions can be is that the manufacturers will have to take responsibility for what they design and produce, right? So still not the final solution, right? But definitely we are moving. I could probably answer, Everledge was a part of the global battery alliance and we've been working in particular components of the battery and particularly in lithium. And we understand how we can do traceability from the source of the mine with lithium. And then also within the battery itself, we can take lithium out in terms of its pouch and then have a reusable component in secondary life. The other parts of the exploration has been around sort of second and third generation use of batteries where it could be used in a mobile car, but also could be reused stationary for the storage of solar energy on houses. The experiments that are underway now is how many recyclable loops are safe that we can consider. And then at the end of that third or fourth life, how do we then sort of dematerialise the finished item? If you could wait for the microphone, please. You mentioned about recycling and reuse of the batteries, but what's the cost for that? Is that expensive? Is that affordable right now? Would that be more expensive than just throw it away? The economics are complicated. I think that there are certain governments, and certainly our government in Queensland is looking at the value construction around the cost of waste versus the taxation and the full cost across the supply chain. So governments are enlivening and they're awakening to the reality of cost measures and taxation. I think the redesign of the battery at source of manufacturing is critical to enabling sort of next-generation zero-waste policy. But at the moment there are certain types of components within batteries. We certainly are able to extract cost effectively, use and reuse over multiple generations of use. But I would like to say that we've solved the problem, but all I can say is we're wholly committed to solving the problem rather than it's been solved. But if your question is around economic viability of circular models, I can say for capital equipment where Philips is very active, we are convinced that a circular model is going to be profitable, apart from being the right thing to do. So we can integrate it into our economic model. And if you fundamentally integrate it, it is a very sustainable economic model. And that's also why we are moving fast in the capital equipment side. Thank you very much. We're already slightly running over time, but maybe we have time for a second question. Somebody's still hesitating here, no? Yes, of course. Can I ask for quite a wide, maybe general question about, what do you feel, the question to Mr. Zhao, because the big issue is about Huawei, this company, because if you come here, we'll like to hear your view about the issue. It's not the... I believe also this is going beyond the scope of this report. It's definitely an interesting question, but not for today. So can I change another question? Yeah, sorry. To Mr. Houghton, for the Brexit, I mean for the e-waste, the standard will after Brexit with the standard and any relevant regulation will be changed. Thank you. Again, I would say we should not discuss circularity in the context of one particular political issue. We run a global platform and regardless of any political situation, we do a call to action that everybody will adopt circularity in their business models and that can be done regardless of what happens there. Maybe to broaden the question, I know none of you is from the public sector per se, but what would the role be for the public sector in this? So you're partnering with Nigeria and other regions as well. So what are they bringing to the table for this? I think I'm from the public sector. Actually, the GEF is not the NGO. It's actually we were owned by 183 member countries. So we were actually intergovernmental institution. And one of the things that we are very proud of and I think it's important is in order for us to move on to this circular economy, we need this PPP and a private public partnership because that role of the government is actually to create this regulation and so that the circular economy become actually profitable. That the right now that in many ways that the lack of regulation, lack of policy actually kind of hampering that the circular economy moving forward. So I think that today we discussed a lot about what are the obstacles, how we can move forward. Many people actually mentioned that if we can have a more standardized regulation that the information, the policy which creates the circular economy much more profitable that would be definitely one way to go. So to me, the circular economy is the answer. It's a question to how to make this current economic linear to more circular. The role of the government is absolutely important without this PPP private public partnership. We can't really go deeper. So I think that there is a huge kind of opportunity and the huge responsibility of the public sector, public policy too. And I can speak on behalf of my public office certainly under the Minister of Innovation, we've readied this year in Queensland a number of investments, both in hard infrastructure in startups and scale ups with purpose led innovation around circular economy with a laboratory to ensure that we can test and trial and then create sandbox environments for corporates, for governments and for NGOs to all participate across an entire supply chain within our state. So I think it's our incumbent responsibility to create an environment and have that investment upfront. Yeah, from my view side, that we try to encourage other ecosystems that are going to join us. Of course, we talked about recycling of 10%, not 20%. Our target next is 30%. And for those who could be recycled, people will do that job. For example, people talked about in one tons of e-waste, you have gold, 10 times more than one tons of mines. That people look for gold, they will come to this part of work to recycling this equipment. But of course, that question earlier raised that battery contamination of the environment that is quite serious. And that one, you might be able to reuse some batteries, but then in the end still, those things cannot be used. Those chemical elements could go to the environment to damage our environment. So that is something we really have to engage everybody. Of course, the real work will be done by industry, but the government has obligations to create good environment policies to encourage our industries and could also provide some financial support, like you said, that there's political obligations to do this job. If you look at this economic recycling that may not be worthwhile, it cannot be sustainable. But anyhow, this- Very concretely, governments should start procuring for themselves in a circular way. The government procurement bill is enormous and they need to make that move. Secondly, we need policies from governments and then some legislation. If I give you the example, how many countries are now starting to prohibit single-use plastics? For example, in plastic shopping bags, which all end up in the landfill or in the ocean. Very concrete examples. So as a businessman, I always say, make it simple. These things can be done tomorrow. There's no reason to wait. So policies procurement can start right away.  You have a lot of second hand mobile phones wasted and that cannot reuse these mobile phones. But the government already put this on their agenda to see how can we encourage people to use this electronic terminal equipment. And we, ITU, worked with the other agencies like UNEP. You know, they are very competent in the environment aspect. And then we worked with, now we invite WTHU to join us because from their side, for the human health, you know, that they could see the damage caused by the E-waste, you know, that. And, you know, all this would help us to have a very good understanding of these kind of problems where we could find ways to solve, to address those issues. Thank you very much. And mindful of the time, it's my sad duty now to close the press conference. Go to the website, read the report. It's definitely not a waste of your time. Thank you very much for being here. Thank you for watching and a special thank you to all my panelists tonight. Thank you.


Hello everyone. Hey, welcome. Good to see you Yeah, I've started the recording and we'll go ahead and get started with the next session Let's just let's pray Father we come before you come to you throne of grace we humble ourselves before you or Holy Spirit we ask you to come and take control over this session over this hour Lord we are I pray that we will be sensitive to the leading of your voice Spirit I pray that I would be sensitive to the leading of your voice Lord I thank you for everything that you've been teaching us on mainstream healing and deliverance Well, I pray that even as we continue the law and you will be equipped and empowered Lord to reveal the love of the father to the world Jesus name I pray Amen, I hope I'm audible Just Okay, well, let's get started. So it's to a quick recap We finished a chapter five week before You know we cover chapter four and chapter five in chapter four we looked at a Learning to minister in healing and deliverance, right? Kind of touch some of the topics on on the will of God understanding the will of God We even asked question is it is it God's will to heal and is it a right to pray? You know saying that if it's your will Heal this person and so and so, you know, we learned that and The exercise of faith how to flow in compassion The unloyalty of the Holy Spirit We address the issue of sin and salvation And then methods Jesus used to minister healing and deliverance, right? And in chapter five Titled the secret to ministry as demonstrated by Jesus that is Learning from his life and how he went about You know demonstrating healing and deliverance we the first thing we we saw was that he ministered out of intimacy and obedience right, he ministered out of intimacy and obedience right that has to be We all need to strive for something like that right to live life out of intimacy and That there's a fruit of obedience Right and both and both of them are a fruit of love That's right. Are you saying I love him? That's why I want to spend this time with him and get to know him and Because therefore I love him and because therefore I know him intimately. I want to obey him right, it's a it's He does not just is not demanding, but he's come I he commands your love, right? There's a difference between commanding and demanding isn't it? And so Jesus flowed from a place of intimacy and obedience and the second thing we see how we demonstrated was he He he demonstrated Knowing that what he was going to accomplish on the cross Right, he functioned on the basis of the finished work of the cross and then he functioned on the place of domain from the place of dominion and authority right dominion and authority and I'm sure you guys are You know, you all are learning I think there's a class that you're doing on believers authority like And so we We would all you know, we all know that we've been given this authority and we are expected to function out of the place of authority Dominion as sons and daughters of Right, okay, and then finally in conclusion we saw that ministering through the presence and the power of the Holy Spirit Okay, that's how Jesus demonstrated the healing ministry, right? Through the presence and the power of the Holy Spirit Okay, it's the same Holy Spirit that is made available to you and me and how many times have you heard that? Not this semester in this course, right? The same Holy Spirit that ministered and flowed through Jesus that came and rested on him as a town is Available for you and me the same That raised Jesus from the dead is made available for you and me, right? Just thinking about it It should it should mean something it should inspire us motivate us to Go and minister in healing and deliverance because it's made available, right? the UN So that's been the emphasis. We are one of the foundations of this course is Every believer can do this Right in every believer can do this because of the Holy Spirit that is available for us But it was inside us and he wants to flow out like a river through us Okay So those were We concluded the previous session with a chapter five and I hope you've learned quite a few Because I'm also learning as you are learning. Okay But otherwise everybody doing all right Okay, well, let's Go to chapter six in your PDFs. It's page 94 page 94 In this chapter, we're going to try and answer Some of the common questions that on sickness and healing right again. What's in your movies there in my life This is not an exhaustive list of questions. However You know, it's free most of the frequently asked questions have been put together In this chapter and we are going to look at a few of them and see what it says right so Um Sorry wrong, okay By chapter six answers to common questions on sickness and healing What is the same? There are several passages in the bible that are often misunderstood And used as a basis for tolerating sickness and other demonic works. Okay uh, so foundation is There are several passages right um in the bible that i'm misunderstood and Some of us have preached on which talks about tolerating sickness And other demonic In this chapter, we look at some of these and provide insight on understanding We must keep in mind that all the scripture Must be interpreted in the light of the rest of the scripture Okay And we again learned this in chapter one Right that all the scripture must be interpreted in the light of the rest of the scripture And in the light of the person of jesus christ Right everything we know about god must align itself to what is seen and heard through god who became flesh Jesus christ Okay, everything we know about god Must align No, okay itself to what is seen and heard through the life of jesus Okay every every scripture that we read You know every confusing or contradictory scripture that we think might be Hard difficult scriptures to understand Etc etc All of that has to be interpreted in line and in the light Of person of jesus christ because he is the word Who became flesh? Right, so he is the word who became flesh, okay, so Based on all of that and not just for this chapter, but you know any any Everything that you do like your personal by the studies We're preparing a sermon or teaching Teaching a small group youth group teenage groups or whatever right I think It's enough. It's an absolute Important foundation To make sure that you interpret scripture in the light Now of all the other scriptures and in the especially in the light of jesus christ, right Okay, so here we go. So the first question of frequently asked question Is regarding paul's form? right paul's form and uh, we all know, you know what we're referring to and we've also heard, uh, you know People using references such as Uh, he he you know, that's the pawn in my flesh.  She is being a pawn in my flesh Uh, yeah, yeah, yeah, right you we've we've all heard those uh references I have Okay, but here was a few words is let's see what it says. Um Unless I should be exalted above measure By the abundance of the revelations That the abundance of the revelations is not that a thorn in the flesh Was given to me A messenger of satan to perfect me lest I be exalted above measure Okay, lest I should be exalted above measure Concerning this thing I pleaded with the law three times that it might depart from me And he said to me my grace is sufficient for you. My strength is made perfect in weakness And therefore most gladly I will rather boast in my infirmities That the power of christ may rest upon me therefore I take pleasure in infirmities In approaches and need in persecutions in distress For christ's sake for when I am weak than I am strong Okay, um, you kind of see there how it can be uh kind of misunderstood in terms of saying tolerating Uh, it's like, okay, you know, this must be his will and I'll just go on with that kind of thing But when you look at it This verse here, right the messenger of satan Okay, the messenger here says a greek word used there is angels Okay, um angel. So it simply means a messenger, right, um, so that's He's an associate of angel of of the devil right demon, uh, who was Trying to perfect Paul so what does that mean to perfect meaning to keep striking repeatedly Okay to keep striking to keep attacking him repeatedly Now and and we see that in in, um We're Paul writes extensively in in second quarantines chapter 11 23 and 27. Okay. Uh, it says here Are they ministers of christ?  I am more in laborers In labor more abundant in strengths have above measure in prisons more frequently in deaths Often From the jews five times. I received 40 stripes minus one three times I was beaten with rods once I was told three times I was shipwrecked a night and day I have been in the deep In journeys often in perils of water in perils of robbers in perils of my own countrymen In perils of the gentiles in perils of the city In perils of in the wilderness in perils in the sea in perils among false brethren in weariness and toil in sleeplessness often in hunger and thirst in fastings often in cold and nakedness Right. Um, so you see in second quarantines Paul just uh, you know referring a little bit to all the hardships to uh, all You know all things that the same was trying to perfect him, right? It's being strike repeatedly Over and over and over again Now all of this we okay, so we understand the source. It's very clear a messenger of satan Okay, a messenger of satan is attacking Paul and everything that he does and he's referring to that As the thorn in the flesh Okay, but what is very important here? Um, what uh, was also written in this book is What we need to make sure it uh trying to highlight is Regarding this about the measure by the abundance of the revelations Abundance of the revelation. So what is he talking about? Paul wrote almost Like more than half of the new testament saying more, right that important pistols That's almost three fourths, right of the new testament and And that's the kind of revelation that he's talking about the abundance of revelation and all of that was which was put into Which is now what we call it as the canon of the gods scripture okay, um, and We we we do get revelations now. God speaks to us through us but not Well the same revelations that Paul is referring to okay, and so that in mind Says as believers today, none of us have received such abundance of revelations In which on the same no way Paul has encountered Right We have not been used in the same manner as paul to have the privilege of being of being given a thorn in the flesh A messenger of a Satan to perfect us to keep us humble Further to us to claim that our sickness is a thorn in the flesh given to us from grand spiritual purpose is Rather unscriptural and self-exalting So we must fight sickness as a work of the devil that has no right in our bodies Okay, so Thorn in the flesh when it comes to and if anybody is referring to that and if you misunderstood it now we understand Okay, so it's the abundance of to it now we understand. So it's the abundance of revelation that Paul received and then Satan wanted to just stop. And we see that Satan was doing that time and time again, isn't it? In another believer's life. And even this is taking Jesus' life for that matter. When Jesus says let's cross and go to the other side of the lake. Jesus is very clearly expressing his will. Let us go to the other side of the lake. And then who brings the storm? So we know that story as well. So that's the answer to the first question of frequently asked question regarding Paul's Tawn. Now we know the root reason, the source, and the why. And the second frequently asked question is Job's life. Okay, once again, I mean, every time, how many of you have heard Job's life story and being referred to his sickness and what he went? I've heard it from Sunday school days. And there are also, once again, like just like Paul's Tawn, the life of Job is also being misused to once again say that it's okay to tolerate sickness. It's fine. But let's take a closer look at it and see what it says. So a couple of scriptures mentioned here is, so Satan went out from the presence of the Lord, asking to smite on Job. Job 267 says, and the Lord said to Satan, behold, he is in your hand. Let's spare his life. So Satan went out from the presence of the Lord and struck Job with painful boils from the soul of his foot to the crown of his head. In all this, Job did not sin with his lips. In all this, Job did not sin with his lips. For the thing I greatly feared has come upon me and what I dreaded has happened to me. And finally in Job 42 we see that the Lord restored Job's losses when he prayed for his friends. Indeed, the Lord gave Job twice as much as he had before. So this is the 42nd chapter of the book of Job. Now, the book of Job chronologically is older than Genesis is what the historians claim, chronologically. And even his life is much earlier than the life of Abraham chronologically speaking. Now, another classic, how do I say this?  That's another misinterpretation. But again, once again, the book of the scholars and historians claim that most of everything what Job endured, all of this happened if within the span of a year, that's within the span of either 12 months or lesser. So we must be very careful in understanding the life of Job and not set his life as a benchmark for everything else to happen and how God functions and whatnot. Once again, we have to remember and be very important to say, to interpret the rest of the scriptures in the light of what Jesus did, right, in his time on earth and what he continues to do. Okay, so we cannot go on saying, Job was sick, Job was sick, Job was sick, Job was sick. So I can also be sick, you know, and blame it on God and whatnot. Right. So we see here, it was Satan who struck Job and his family because of all kinds of calamities and sickness, the source. We cannot blame God for the things that Satan did. However, it is true that God did grant permission for Satan to touch Job, who otherwise was under divine protection since God had made a hedge around. Okay, please note that, right.  There was a hand of protection, right. It was safe under the wings of God, right. But it was still the devil that caused all the calamities to happen using elements of weather and nature as well, et cetera, et cetera. And so as a summary of that question or that point right now is, all of us face these kinds of things, right. God permits these things to go on even against those who believe in him, right. He permits. God uses these parts for our training and maturing into Christ's likeness. He calls us to fight the good fight, resist the devil, wrestle against the powers of darkness, quench every fury doubt, and live overcoming lives. Okay. So I just want to pause here and just ask, okay, so does anybody have any questions you say regarding the life of Job or, yeah, let's move on then. So and once again, we see that, you know, we all know that in the midst of all that happened, Job maintained his integrity and faith in the Lord, right. He stood firm in his devotion to God, right. This ambulance of Job is what we are to emulate. Okay. We kind of take the wrong part and forget this part, right.  The life that he lived with such integrity that he refused to blame God. He was, he refused to be offended, you know. And to an extent, you know, a little bit, we see that in the life of David as well. If you have a glance at the life of David from the time he's introduced in, I think, first Samuel 16 onwards, we've got talks to Samuel about David and then from all the way to first time in chapter 30.  And then his own people wanted to hand him over to King Saul. He's rejected by his own people. He's been chased by King that he loved and look up as a mentor.  And then at this point, there were 400 odd men with David who later become known as the mighty men of David, 400 of them that he kind of took care and poured his life into. And all those 400 men now want to kill David because their families have been attacked by the Philistines. In all of this, and it's amazing what David responds and how he responds. He says, the Bible says, I think in first time in 30, you can read it says, David strengthened himself in the Lord. So he was he refused to be offended. You know, he refused to put the blame and play the blame game as we say. Okay, so that this endurance of Job is what we are to emulate. There's anything that we can, you know, take from that. Okay, so from the left job. The third frequently asked question is, what does it mean, you know, when scriptures say delivering one to Satan, delivering one to Satan. So the scripture that's mentioned here, one is the first Corinthians chapter five, one to five, it says it is actually reported that there is sexual immorality among you and such sexual immorality as is not even named among the Gentiles, but a man has his father's wife. And you are puffed up and have not rather mourned that he who has done this deed might be taken away from among them. For I indeed, as absent in body, but present in spirit have already judged as though I were present just him who has so done this deed. So in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, when you are gathered together along with my spirit with the power of the Lord Jesus Christ, deliver such a one to Satan for the destruction of the flesh that his spirit may be saved in the day of the Lord Jesus. Okay, so that's one character. I just want to read two quick scriptures and we'll talk about it. Okay, then other two scriptures, two individuals that we'll talk about is Timothy says of whom are Hymenius and Alexander whom I deliver to Satan that they may learn not to blaspheme. Okay, but they may learn. And other scripture says and their message will spread like cancer. Hymenius and philatis are of this sort. So this is not only used in the New Testament, this line says delivering one to Satan. Okay, if you once again in the Old Testament, when you read through the book of Judges, especially, you will see time and time again the God says, I handed them over to the Amalekites. I handed them over to the Philistines. I handed them over to the Medianites. I'm sure you would have come across sentences, statements like that in the Bible in the Old Testament as well. And every time God did that was in line to bring discipline to their immorality, that he wanted to bring discipline to the people of Israel because for time and time again, they had gone into sexual immorality and become very familiar with the lives of the Canaanites who worshipped their gods, who did things their way, who accepted and embraced the culture of the Canaanites when they were strictly warned not to compromise with their moral values and live a life that is set apart unto Yahweh. So when they did not do that, that's when as he would discipline his people, he would make that statement saying, okay, I'm handing you over. That means he's taking his hand of protection over them for a period, so they learn from their mistakes. And that is exactly what Paul is also doing here in perseverance, as we just read, is that there is this individual, a person in the church who's been living a sexual immoral life. And Paul, although he is not present in flesh there, he's heard about this and he is questioning the church, okay, why haven't you done anything about this? And so Paul is using his apostolic authority and his administering discipline for unrepentant sinful behavior, unrepentant sinful behavior, okay. And so, and long story, I just paraphrase this, you know, he's asked to, you know, he's taken out of the church, so to speak, until he repents and whatnot. And so, the man was being put away from the local church, it says, in one sense, physically, as well as spiritually, okay.  Now, this meant that the protection he would normally have was withdrawn and he was now vulnerable to Satan because of his sin, okay. Satan could then do anything to bring harm in the physical realm. Now, the distance doesn't stop there. And, you know, in second Corinthians, we see that, you know, Paul addresses that this punishment, which was inflicted by the majority, is sufficient for such a man. Now, he says, okay, at some point, he must have repented from his sins. And then he is not just saying, okay, we can accept him, forgive him. And he's encouraging the people of the church to say, okay, forgive him, as I have forgiven, right. It says here, if indeed I have forgiven anything, I have forgiven that one for your sake in the presence of Christ. Okay, so that's what happens when God is teaching, when we're trying to discipline someone, okay, that's the meaning or the interpretation of that line, delivering to Satan or handing him over. Okay, it's not something physically that's happening. So, we as a people of God, right, we are just like it says in the book of Job, we have a hedge, God protects us, okay, we have, he protects us with his wings, he's keeping us safe under the shadow of his wings. And of course, we are we sin, right, we all do, right, nobody is perfect, right. But what matters and what is important to him is are we repenting? Do we have a repentant heart?   Okay, so that is the interpretation of Scripture. And you see the same thing what Paul does in comes to the other two individuals that he was talking about, for example, the second case had to do with this two rebellious men from the Church of Ephesus, right, from Ephesians, right, and they are Hymenius and Alexander. Now Hymenius was teaching preaching false doctrine that the resurrection was already over, right. He was preaching false doctrine. And then Alexander opposed Paul, speaking things that caused much harm to Paul, right. And so we see here in both cases Paul exerts once again, apostolic authority to release these men from the Church and dispose them to Satan. Knowing the apostles heart, this would have been done with the intent that these men would come to repentance and aligning to the truth. But in this case, we have no record of the outcome on this case. We don't know if these two individuals have repented or not. Okay, so that's the answer or an explanation to the question, the frequent last question. What does this mean? Do the women want to say to me? Okay, or what does it mean? And why does it say God handed them over to the Amalekites, etc. That is interpretation. Moving on to the next frequently asked question. Okay, so I just want to pause here and I want to check with you all. You guys are still with me and not in cloud nine. Okay, you guys learning something, I hope. Another frequently asked question from the Corinthian Church, that is again, misinterpreted, almost understood is on this passage from 1st Corinthians 17 to 34. It says when many, who were many were weak, many were sick, and many died prematurely. Many weak, sick, and many died prematurely. And once again, this has led to, you know, tolerate that a weakness is okay, sickness is okay, church believers, it's fine, okay, premature death, etc, etc. But when you read the text and understand its context, you see, you know, what it actually means here. So to paraphrase that whole section, and I would encourage you to read this passage, 1st Corinthians 11, 17 to 34. Once again, the people of the Church of Corinth, they were not taking the table of God communion seriously. They did not understand the significance and the importance, the holiness, the sacrifice of the Lord's table. They would, it says here in 22, you know, what do you not have houses to eat and drink in?  What shall I say to you? Shall I praise you in this? I do not praise you, for I received from the Lord that which I also delivered to you, that the Lord Jesus on the same night in which he was betrayed took bread. And when he had given thanks, he broke it and said, take this is my body which broke him for you. Do this in remembrance of me. And he understands the significance Paul, apostle Paul, that it's holy, it's precious, you know, and he remembers the sacrifice, the cost, the pain, the price that Jesus paid. When you read this whole thing, that, you know, the communion was treated as a party time. Everybody will have fun. You know, there was no respect or reverence to, you know, to communion. And then he says, therefore, from verse 27, whoever eats the spirit or drinks this cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of the body and the blood of the Lord. But let a man examine himself. And so let him eat of the bread and drink of the cup. For he who eats and drinks in an unworthy manner eats and drinks judgment to himself, not discerning the Lord's body. For this reason, many are weak and sick among you and may not sleep. For we would judge ourselves, we would not be judged. But when we are judged, we are chastened by the Lord that we may not be condemned with the world. Okay. So the Corinth Church, while being a very spiritual group of people also had a lot of problems that had to be addressed, as we all know, right, in the area of moral standards, conduct and church gatherings and living together as a united community. Part of this was their conduct and celebrating the Lord's table. Instead of treating this with reverence and doing this with spiritual meaning, this became a time of feasting, eating and drinking in the church gathering. They turned this into a time of having a feast together, which Paul says they couldn't, they could do at home. What was intended by the Lord to be a time of great reverence and spiritual proclamation of his death, resurrection and soon returning, became more like a lunch feast. Okay. And so that was the reason behind their disciplining or chastisement as we would call it, right, as to why many were sick, you know, and many were weak and many who had premature death is because they did not have reverence to what they were doing to the Lord's table. Okay. So as believers today, we do not have to fierce weakness, sickness and premature death because they're wrongly, because of wrongly participating of the Lord's table simply because we haven't taught how to do it right. Right. We haven't taught how to do it right. We know that we must do each time we partake of the Lord's table. It is not that God is waiting for the smallest mistake to pour down judgment on us. Rather, each time we celebrate the Lord's table, we bring joy to his heart and fear in the enemy camp. Okay. So that's the last question for on why there was weakness and sickness and premature death in Church of Corinthians. Okay. Another frequently asked question, a classic question. Timothy's stomach. Beyond this, okay. Why did Timothy have a stomach problem? Why wasn't he fine? My first explanation being he's having a human body, that's one thing. But also let's look at it, says Paul instructing Timothy, no longer drink only water, but use a little wine for your stomach's sake and for your frequent infirmities. Okay. So it is apparent from this verse that Timothy had some sort of recurring stomach problem. And one of the things that historians claim is because he was traveling, he was on a mission strip, like constantly, he would go from one place to another to another place. Maybe he had some stomach upset or good points. We don't know. And it must have been the for a while that Paul took notice and Paul asked me, okay, what have you been doing about your stomach? We're like, no, I've been drinking water, Paul. Then Paul was like, okay, you know what? Hey, don't drink only water. Let's try a little bit of wine that might help your stomach. Apostle Paul recommended the use of wine because of its medicinal value for Timothy's stomach problem. Hence we can conclude that it is all right to use natural and medical remedies while keeping our hearts devoted to God. Okay. So look at that very interesting summary. Hence it doesn't come to say, hence it's okay to keep drinking wine or not. It says, hence we can conclude that it is all right to use natural and medical remedies right while keeping our hearts devoted to God. Okay. It's okay to take medicines that the doctors prescribe, you know, and by yet keeping our hearts devoted to God and believing for healing, praying for healing, et cetera, et cetera. Okay. Another classic thing that's asked is about Hezekiah's illness. The King Hezekiah in 2 Kings chapter 20 verse 1 to 7, 2 Kings chapter 20 verse 1 to 7. Now again, you see that he was disobedient, he was rebellious in some of the things that he did and what pronounced his judgment on him and then so he was afflicted with ulcers and tumors, et cetera, et cetera. Okay. So it says here, King Hezekiah was sick and close to death. After hearing the prophet's warning, Hezekiah turns to the Lord and prays, what is happening there? He's repenting. Repentance is always seems to be the purpose when like what we just learned as well, you know, what is teaching you discipline. He expects you to repent. And the beautiful thing is God hears the king's prayer and has the prophet instruct people to make paste out of a lump of figs and place it on boil. Hezekiah is healed and lives for another 15 years. Okay. Obviously, God could have healed Hezekiah without the use of the paste made from figs. Whether the paste made from figs had any healing or medicinal properties for boil, we do not know. Maybe it did. But if it does, now we know. Whether it did have medicinal value or not, we can affirm that God is not against the use of natural elements through which or along with which his healing is administered to an individual. God could have just said the word and healed him. But also in this something we learn something different is that he is not against using the natural elements to administer healing as well. Okay. So that's about Hezekiah's sickness. Just want to go down this section here on page 102. A very important frequently asked question is, is sickness the chastening of the Lord? A sickness but chastening of the Lord? First quarantine 11, 28 to 32 says, but let a man examine himself and so let him eat the bread and drink the cup, same passage, for he who eats and drinks in an unworthy manner eats and drinks judgment for himself, not discerning the Lord's body. This is the same passage which we just read. Another scripture that is mentioned is Hebrews 12, 5, 11. And you have forgotten the exhortation which speaks to you as to sons. My son, do not despise the chastening of the Lord, nor be discouraged when you are rebuked by him. For whom the Lord loves and chastens, and scourges every son whom he received.  But if you are without chastening, which all have become partakers, then you are illegitimate and not sons. Okay. So still, and I would encourage you as always to read the whole scriptures there, is it signals the chastening of the Lord. And we just see that in from the book, from Hebrews 12, that the Lord chastens whom he loves, the relationship there is between, the refer there is between the father and the son. And I'm a father, I have a son. If not all, some of us are parents in the class. We want to discipline our child.  So you learn. We, we chasten, we discipline our child and we do that because of love, but that measure is not by sending this, you know, sickness and whatnot. Right. And if we understand that, we will know that the sickness in itself is the Lord, the Lord's chastisement, or when he disciplines, he does, he, he, disciplines out of love for his children so that we will repent. Right. So the sickness is not the chastening of the Lord. Okay. So that's the issue. Let's just, I want to just read this passage and then we'll close the section. The issue of the Lord's chastening is often misunderstood and misrepresented.  And I'm not sure if you come across people like that. I have and that you will also see at the same time the same people, you know, going to the hospitals to get, to get to the hospital, to get to the hospital, to get to the hospital, to get to the hospital, to get to the hospital, to get to the hospital. To get to, to be, to be made well. The same people who say the sickness is there in them for them to learn a lesson. And they're like, okay, you know, if that's a lesson, they could let it go on. But, you know, instead, you see them going to the hospitals and, and whatnot. Right. So that's misunderstood. That's misrepresentation that comes with not understanding who the father really is. Okay. So that is the response to, to that passage. Another frequently asked questions. And I hope that most of you are still alive. We'll take a break now. I'll stop the recording and come back to our second session. Okay. I'll see you all in 10 minutes.