Hi, you guys. Lindsay here. Welcome back to my channel, Inside to Him. Week three of Me Made May is in the books. I have been working so hard on all my works in progress and Monday was the first day I've been able to wear the fruits of my labor, so to say. This is Simplicity 1717 in a cotton woven and although I really want to like skirts on me, there's just something about them that don't fit quite right. I am going to hold onto this window to see if the fit improves as I am losing some weight. Speaking of works in progress, I spent Tuesday at home cleaning up my sewing room and working on finishing more projects. I wore my Carolyn pajama shorts, but I was too lazy or maybe I was too motivated to finish my hand sewing to get up and do a proper video. So all I have is this kind of crappy picture that I posted on Instagram. The fabric is a children's print from Joanne. On Wednesday, I wore another recently finished Works in Progress. This one was finished completely but needed an alteration to make the neckline narrower. This is McCall 7350 in an art gallery knit called Magnolia from their Charleston collection. I'll always cherish this dress as an homage to my time in the holy city. Fun fact, I got the Pashmina from Goodwill. Isn't it a perfect match? On Thursday, I filmed my new Dana Marie design coat, a little something extra dress, so that's what I ended up wearing for the day. Again, there are some minor fit issues on the bottom half that I hope will resolve themselves as I lose that weight. You can see more of this dress in my April Makes video. I will link it in the top right corner. Friday was a work from home day and I was in ready-to-wear lounge clothes all day. So in little of a video of me maids, I hope you enjoyed this video of Sunny because the only thing better than me maids is my Sunny Bear. Another day, another finished work in progress. This green line willow top was cut out just last month but I never got to sewing it. I was going to a flea market that Saturday and I knew I wanted something cool and cute. The top fit the bill so I hurried to finish it that morning. The fabric is an embroidered cotton from Mood. On Sunday, I wore a dress I am really proud of. I took a big risk by pairing these two fabrics together and I had no idea if it would work out or not but I think it really does. I get a ton of compliments from strangers when I wear this dress and I think it's just because it's so unique. The pattern is McColl's 7160 and I made it from a double brushed poly from Cali Fabrics. Well, that's going to do it for week three. I will be back very soon for week four. Thank you so much for watching. Let me know what you thought of my outfits and I will see you all very soon. Bye.


How to destroy the narcissist and their flying monkeys. How to destroy them emotionally and spiritually. How to demolish and defeat them. If you are watching this video it's probably because you have been involved with a narcissist. Towards the end of the relationship they started to smear your name. They started to make false accusations to damage your reputation. They enforced flying monkeys and started a smear campaign. A planned attempt and a deliberate attack to harm your reputation by spreading untrue and unpleasant rumors about you.  In most cases they are likely to be either narcissists or sociopaths. They are likely to have narcissistic or sociopathic traits. And may suffer from narcissistic personality disorder or antisocial personality disorder. These traits are clearly evident from their behavior. A lot of what they do tends to go against social norms. It tends to go against the common standards of what is socially acceptable or appropriate behavior in particular social situations. They are very competitive. They display a strong desire to be more successful than you are. And they have an exaggerated sense of their own abilities or importance. They have inflated egos. They are absorbed by their grandiosity. By their real or imagined quality of being impressive and imposing in appearance or style. They look down on you with an air of superiority. They are convinced that their own beliefs are true and that anyone who disagrees is wrong. They have an exaggerated sense of self-importance. And they expect you to see them in the same way. They constantly have to compete with you because deep down they believe that they are not good enough. They are not confident in themselves. They are very insecure so they have to promote their own self-importance. They think that whatever they think, feel or believe is the only thing that matters. And everyone should conform to their way of thinking. As though their opinion is the ultimate truth. They will even try to form other people's opinions for them. They will dictate to people what they should think or believe. And it revolves around them being perfect and superior to you and you being wrong and a bad person. They are saying that you've done some bad things and they haven't. So you're bad and they're good. That's how they are seeing it. They are always seeking attention from you. They always want you to take notice of them or express interest in them. And it will seem as though they are preoccupied with fantasies of success, money, power, beauty or love. They are always trying to impress you. Always trying to make you think that they are on your level. All that they are superior to you. They need your attention and admiration. All that really matters to them is their image and reputation, appearance and status. And that is why they will often become deeply envious of you. They will want what you have. They will try to take it from you or they will try to sabotage it in some way. Because they are envious of you. They don't believe in the success of the group, which is why they go against social norms. Because they believe that it's every man for himself. They believe that everyone should look after their own interests rather than considering those of others. And that is why they are so aggressive. That is why they behave in a determined and forceful way where they are intentionally trying to harm you. Because they believe it's every man for himself. They believe that they have to look after their own interests. They are entitled. They believe that they have the right to treat you in this way. They believe that they have the full power to punish you. They don't believe that we are all equal. They see you as being superior to them. And that is why they are constantly trying to pull you down. They have very low self-esteem, which is what causes them to engage in these behaviors. They are constantly comparing themselves to other people. They believe that they are beneath most people. But that they are hopefully above someone. So they have to keep promoting their exaggerated sense of the odd abilities or importance. In the hopes that they can then move up and be someone. Because that is what matters most to them. Money, power and status.  They have to step on you to get to where they want to go. They don't care about how it affects you. All they care about is what they want.  They don't care that you have a family. They don't care that you're trying to make a living to provide for them. They don't care about your health and well-being.  And that is what most people will do in these situations. In their minds they believe that they are exposing you. But all they are really doing is exposing themselves. And revealing their true objective nature of how they think that abusing people is okay. They think that it is okay to intentionally hurt someone. But they will try to reframe it as though they are trying to help victims. As though they are trying to help people by hurting people. They are self-absorbed and lack empathy. They don't care about the consequences of their actions. They don't care that you have a family. They don't care about how it will affect them. They don't care about how it will affect you. All that it may make you want to commit suicide. They don't care about any of that. And that may actually be what they want to see regardless of everything that they have done to you. They count on you seeking their approval and understanding to keep you in the game. They count on you seeking their validation and caring about what they think. They count on you worrying about if they are going to judge you. Or if you are doing something right. They count on you being fearful about being kicked out of their group or tribe. When you are constantly worrying about what they think about you. When you are constantly seeking their approval. You are focusing on them. You are living in their reality. Where abuse is okay. And smear campaigns are acceptable. And you will begin to hate yourself for that. Don't live for their thoughts and opinions of you. Don't suppress how you really feel about this situation. When you try to suppress how you feel about something. You will feel depressed. Never try to suppress yourself.  When you try to suppress your natural character and personality. And filter yourself through the lens of what you think these narcissists want to see.  And you will no longer feel good about yourself. Which is exactly what they want. They want you to be different. They want you to change things. Because they don't want you to feel good about yourself. To destroy the narcissists and their flying monkeys. You have to stop living in their frames. You have to stop living in their reality. You have to live in your own reality. When you have come to the end of your life. Do you really want to have to look back. And wish that you had lived for yourself. Instead of living for the narcissists and their flying monkeys. You will regret doing that. You will wish that you could have gone back and lived for yourself. And done what you wanted to do. Instead of trying to please everyone else.  Is not being able to be themselves. Not being able to pursue what they wanted to do. Rather than what everyone else wanted for them. If you don't live for yourself now. One day you will regret it. Stop watching and living in their movies. Living your own movie. And let them watch you. Let them observe you. Be the one who is being observed. Rather than the one who is doing the observing. Don't be the one who is trying to expose someone. Don't be the one who is always reacting or anticipating. Be the person who everyone is going crazy about. Be the person who they all get angry and know you're all surprised about. Be the person who they are trying to expose. Be the one that everyone is reacting to. Be the one who is being observed.  Live for yourself. Live in your own movie and let them watch. Let them criticize you. Let them make fun of you.  Let them think about you day and night until you preoccupy and fill their mind continually and to a troubling extent.  Constantly worry about what you're doing instead of living their own lives. You're distracting them from their own lives. What they are now having to pay attention to you. They are now having to hate on you and they're not getting anything out of it. All they're doing is wasting their own lives instead of resisting or preventing it from occurring. Invite it in. Let them be there. Be the observed. Be the one that they are all watching. Let them anticipate what you are going to do next. Let them anticipate how you will go to act or respond.  Be the one that everyone is focused on. Be the one that everyone is talking about. Focus on yourself. Focus on your own life.  Thank you for watching. I hope this video raised it with you. Please like, comment, share and subscribe. Click the bell icon to receive notifications for my future videos. If you would like to donate, my PayPal link is in the video description. Come to an enquiry to get an email from me at 915191.com. Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon.


What's up everyone? It's your girl Kinsey here from Layton Sports Guards and I'm ripping a personal for Chris S We've got two 2022 tops for me the one chrome sapphire hobby boxes best of luck Chris. Thanks so much for your order Let's see what we can get you good look Hope everyone has a great time watching this this morning. I appreciate all the support future stars of a Mari cord deal Got sure truce future stars Liam Lawson on the F2 racer 98 of 199 Charles Leclerc and Kevin Magnus All of these will get sleeves and top loaded by the way good person Wow, that's awesome. Look Lando Norris. We've got sepia rookie joke on you seven of 100 Nice hit Chris. We'll get this in a mag for you first Joe Sepia that I've seen Daniel Ricardo and Theo Poucher very nice Short print max as Greg. Oh No pressure who share we've got a aqua joke on you rookie. What is going on 36 of 99? Back-to-back packs with some big Joe's There you go, Chris. We'll mag this one too for you. Wow one box total wolf and piaustry crazy next shoe mocker Lewis Hamilton for sure future stars and Kimmy Rick honan, oh I'm sure I'm sure those parents don't play Got Lewis Hamilton. We got orange. I haven't seen orange in a while versus a Vettel. Sorry We've got Dennis how good future stars. What a box. This is orange Aston Martin a Mike Crack on the principal that is three of 25 Nice orange Yeah, that's a big card Chandler a Joe red out of five Absolutely We've gotten a sunny Albonne Magnuson and Sergio Perez. He's technically the only rookie in this year's F1 stuff Shark Shrews creature stars Liam Lawson 92 of 199 Botas and Lewis Hamilton No, not a number 42 is a photo variation This one has two cards That's really weird. Can you give me a favor and count how many cards you have there max for staff in and Zoff Zoff Zaffner We're gonna count the cards real quick because there was a couple packs. I only had like two and three Cards because if you're short, I want to make sure we send you a box There was only 28 cards in that box Well, that's that was a whole box. Alright, we're gonna send this box with you because there was only 28 cards in there And it says on the box that there's 32 cards a box. That's the first time I've seen that We've ripped like two cases of this so far. That's weird. I wonder because of the bigger hits, but I Don't know. We're gonna send a box regardless with you. I'm there Chris All right box number two Man I'm in some South Park and so long All right box two here. We got Lewis Hamilton We've got sure truce of Carlos signs 150 of 199 Carlos signs. Oh, I appreciate that Arizona Botox and for staff in Grand Prix winner Appreciate you happen Appreciate you stopping by you know hanging out with me today We've got Charles Leclerc Future stars of Ralph Boshung Max for stopping. I think this is a photo variation No This feels like it's a variation I've not seen this photo of a first happen. It says it's card for One two and three are on the checklist Hmm, we're gonna bag this just in case But I have not seen a first happen Like this yet According to checklists only cards one two and three or short prints or image variation. Sorry Um, but I'm gonna bag that just in case if anything you got a free mag to car side L These can be so tricky Yeah, cuz I mean like in the base and the regular ones it if it doesn't have refractor on the back It's a variation, but these are all sapphires. So there's no refractors here You know, I mean max for stopping the gold coming up here Sebastian Vettel. We've got sato Amersadies Lewis Hamilton gold grand free winner. There you go, Chris 45 of 50 on the gold Hamilton Heck, yeah We'll mag that one for you to make a Dylan work over here today Have a good day Donald. Thanks for stopping it as always. Good luck on my chicken I'm gonna try I guess we'll find out if it's any good next weekend when I see you, huh? Got Lewis Hamilton. We've got sepia of Joss Capito for Williams racing 78 out of 100 Wait, sepia there Sergio Perez and Alexander Albon and you got four max cars in two boxes Mix shoe mocker Lewis Hamilton I'm gonna set that aside that might be a photo variation to Leclerc and shoe mocker It says card five on the variation Why are you doing this to me on the last person all of the day? Hold on. Let me pull up the I'm gonna set that right there for a second I've got both us max for stopping Carlos signs and sato like it looks like one, but then again, it's like I know Lewis Hamilton's variations. He's like holding a fly. We've pulled many of them before both shung We've got black and white Kailin Williams that is 10 of 15 Now hi, these are hard poles, too. I think I've only pulled one other black and white so far Kailin Williams for Trident We need F2 racer to 15. We'll make that one, too pure ghastly and for sure. We've got Dennis Hauger Esteban O'Connor the and max over stopping me one second here to look at this Let's make sure we're looking at it before we end the live here Variation gallery and guide Or Okay, see look this is a variation then right this is the same car Okay, I do believe this is a variation Chris I'm looking at the the guide and Card five but this see others card five. Yeah, this is a Variation in card four. He's holding the flag card five.   How many mags? Two boxes, let's do a quick refresh here Verstappen I can check this one, too Yeah, I'm looking at it now. I don't think it is either but we already have it in a mag So that's fine. We're not gonna take it out. We've got a Kailin Williams on the black and white 10 of 15 Then we had the Joe Guan Yu sepia rookie Along with a Joe Guan Yu aqua rookie to 99 and Then we had the gold Lewis Hamilton to 50 along with the Hamilton Image variation as well. Wow. What a two box break to end the daytime. Alrighty, that'll do it for you, Chris Congrats on all those hits and we'll get these right out to you


In the last class we had looked at pressure fed system let us look at turbo pump fed systems in this class before we go there just to refresh the required volume of the tank this will have to include the volume calculated from propulsive considerations that is if you are looking at what is the mass flow rate from thrust calculate knowing ISP calculate mass flow rate and then knowing density of the propellants and the burn time you can calculate volume right and in addition to this there will be some trap propellant in the pipeline and also in devices even in the tank you will not be able to expel out all the propellant there will be a small fraction of it that will be left unexpelled. So this is that then a certain portion of the propellant boils out that is depending on whether it is a cryogenic this fraction will be a lot larger fraction because the ambient temperature is much higher than the propellant temperature. So this boiling will be higher in a cryogenic propellant and lastly there is something called a eulogy volume okay if you fill the tank to the brim there is a problem if there is boiling then the pressure tends to build up very rapidly and the tank may not be designed for a high pressure if you are particularly if you are looking at a pump fed system right because pump fed system most of the pressurize is given by the pump so the tank might be able to withstand only a few bar pressure so if you fill the entire tank with liquid then the pressure as it boils the liquid boils will build up and therefore that might create a problem so you give it a small extra space so that the pressure end can also act right so this is known as eulogy volume this is typically something like 2.5% of okay that is volume arid from propulsive considerations plus trap propellant 2.5% of that this is some kind of a thumb rule that people use to calculate voters should be the eulogy volume okay so this will give us the overall tank volume okay now in the earlier case when we were talking of pressure fed systems what we used to do was we used to have a gas bottle and we tried to size the gas bottle right here what we need to also calculate is what is the pressure that is required at the end of the or after pumping at the end of the pump what should be the pressure required one as we know volume flow rate the other one is pressure required is to be calculated now from equilibrium calculations we will know what is the chamber pressure PC right so if we know the chamber pressure then how do we go about calculating the pressure at the pump exit okay PE indicates pump exit so this pressure at the pump exit will be the chamber pressure right plus the pressure drop in the injector fine and then there is pressure drop in the recirculating chamber right it is a coolant jacket with very fine tubes so there is a large pressure drop in these and this coolant jacket so there will be a pressure drop RC is recirculation chamber or regenerative chamber okay then in addition to this there is other pipeline through which there can be pressure loss so there is a delta P okay so if we know all this then we can calculate what is the pressure required at the pump exit now this we will be able to calculate from equilibrium considerations what about this ? P across the injector we will know the mass flow rate right mass flow rate through the injector that is to be given so how do we calculate this ? P across the injector so if you look closely at the injector injector will be something like this this is injector and this is the manifold and here is the thrust chamber or combustion chamber right so there is a manifold that is upstream of the injector now it is so designed that this area is very very small compared to the manifold area and if that happens what can we say about the velocity of the liquids remember firstly most of the fluids that we are dealing with are incompressible liquids in this case so if you are having incompressible liquids then what are the things that you need to consider equations of mass conservation and momentum conservation momentum conservation in this case because density is constant you can use Bernoulli's equation right so let me call this as one this point as 2 so ? 1 a 1 V 1 must be equal to ? 2 a 2 V 2 right this is mass conservation then momentum conservation is P 1 by ? 1 right so now if you look at this term the square of the velocity in comparison to square of the velocity here what can we say about it because we made the areas in such a way that this is very small compared to this so I can neglect this in comparison to this okay so we will get for pressure drop across the injector you need to calculate the mass flow rate you need to calculate the mass flow rate so you need the velocity V 2 so V 2 would be ? P injector would be is equal to P 1- P 2 fine so row is the same anyway it is an incompressible liquid so therefore this row 1 and ? 2 do not change so you will get that equation now we know the velocity we need to calculate the mass flow rate so mass flow rate is given by m dot is equal to ? a V right in this case a ? 2 a 2 V 2 fine but what can you say about this this is if the actual area is this one only but because this is a very narrow construction through which you are forcing the liquid to go through it and because of boundary layer effects the actual area will be smaller than this so therefore you need to consider a coefficient of discharge so you will have CD x a injector okay now if I take the row inside there is one row already right under the square root so you will get under root this is for mass flow through one injector right in a rocket motor they are going to be a number of injectors so you need to multiply it by n this is nothing but number of injectors and CD is coefficient of discharge make also call this as row L okay so we know now in if you look at this equation if we know what is the mass flow rate that should go through the injector we can back calculate what should be the ? P across the injector okay so then coming back to this equation we know this we know this right now how do we calculate this part ? P across the injector sorry regenerated chamber if you remember we were doing we are dealt with how to calculate the heat transfer coefficients and other things right there if you know the mass flow rate and again mass flow rate you will know so you can use similar relationship to calculate the pressure drop across the injector anyway the density is going to be the same areas might change right but you can calculate what is the pressure drop across the injector right sorry regenerative chamber fine so this part is we can do and similarly ? P across pipeline is again you will know the diameters so you can calculate what is the ? P in the pipeline fine so overall you will get what is the pressure at the exit of the pump that you will be needing so we know the mass flow rate of the propellants we know the pressure at which they need to be delivered so what can we calculate if we know these two things we can calculate the pump power required right and then based on efficiencies we can again calculate what is the turbine power that needs to be given to it okay yes if you are using liquid hydrogen it will be mostly a gas so these things will have to take into account compressibility effects okay you will have to take compressible fluids into consideration and rework these numbers fine these are for liquids if you have liquid hydrogen that is the only case wherein it will become a gas probably so you need to rework this for a gas okay now we know what is the exit pressure at the end of pumping that is required right we just calculated that then what are the other things that we need to calculate turbine power required the inlet temperature to the turbine is a very critical parameter right turbine you must have studied this and the jet engines or gas turbine engines that that inlet temperature cannot be very high and usually in this case it is also restricted to something like 1200 is approximately around 1200 Kelvin okay you might argue it a little differently here if you remember gas turbine engines need to run a long duration their long haul engines right but the turbine that is used here is probably going to be used for a few minutes not in terms of ours right but then therefore you can argue this way that probably you can go in for an increase in the turbine inlet temperature but in that case you do not want to do something wherein you will jeopardize the mission right although it is for a very short time and for a single use if you remember gas turbine engines they have to have number of hours of operation without overhaul and they will be used multiple times which is what makes the design and the construction of a gas turbine engine much more challenging than rocket engines rocket engines is always going to be one time used so therefore it is a lot easier to do this than the other one right so even with this we are restricting the turbine inlet temperature to something like 1200 Kelvin okay and you can have a number of stages of turbine right so across each stage we can calculate the power output this is by energy consideration so PT the pump power can be written as CP where this is efficiency TP is nothing but turbine inlet temperature which is why I said we need to know this if we have to calculate the the power that can be extracted from the turbine this is nothing but turbine inlet temperature empty is the mass flow rate through the turbine and this pt here is nothing but pressure ratio across the turbine stage okay this is what is the power we can extract from the turbine okay now this must be equal to the pump power right so how do we calculate pump power so you will have something like pump turbine power balance so PT must be also equal to what is the power that is required to run the two pumps remember if we have a bi-propulent system we will have two pumps one for fuel one for oxidizer so it a mechanical into m.f this is the mass flow rate of fuel this is the mass flow rate of oxidizer and the equations that we derived here ?p across the injector right this has to be ?p for oxidizer ?p for fuel so it is not that ?p I am sorry I will this is nothing but this ?pf is nothing but P at pump exit minus P in fuel tank okay what is the pump exit pressure that we want minus what was the pressure that was there in the tank will give this ?p ?p by this will give the head rise right and similarly for oxidizer you have let me put fuel subscript here and an oxidizer subscript here simply because the exit pressure of fuel and oxidizer need not be the same especially if you are only going to take one fluid through the regenerative chambers right you are only going to use one of the fluids for regenerative cooling that one will have to have a higher pump exit pressure so these two are not the same okay and this ?p fuel is efficiency of the pump and this is the efficiency of the oxidizer so by using this we can now calculate we will know what is the mass flow rate of the fuel that we need what is the pressure rise that we will need in the pump so we can calculate this part power that is required by the pump and if you equate it to the power delivered by the turbine right then you can calculate what is the mass flow rate through the turbine that you will need this will be known to you turbine inlet temperature because that is a constraint and what is the pressure ratio across the turbine will also be known so you will be able to calculate what is the mass flow rate through the turbine that will be needed fine now there are various designs that are possible for arranging this pumps and sometimes you can do away without the turbine also we look at a few of these designs that are listed here there are there is something called as monopropylene gas generator bootstrap technique and then you have an expander cycle stage combustion cycle and thrust chamber bleed cycle let us look at the individual designs a little more in detail this is the schematic of monopropylene gas generator okay now if you look at this you have you have a fuel tank and an oxidizer tank which feeds into the pump and the pump exit of the fuel is given to the regenerative cooling chamber which moves up the regenerative cooling chamber and then enters the thrust chamber okay now the oxidizer the liquid flows into the oxidizer pump gets pressurized okay and the high pressure ox oxidizer will flow into the thrust chamber the turbine is run entirely by a monopropylene system okay that is you use another liquid monopropylene to run this that is you either use hydrazine or hydrogen peroxide which needs to be again pressurized with a helium gas bottle and then you will have a pressure regulator then the monopropylene tank and then you will have what is known as the gas generator of the combustion chamber for the turbine right the temperature at the end of gg will have to be something like 1200 Kelvin fine you can also have a solid propellant cartridge to initially start up this system so the monopropylene system drives the turbine which then runs the fuel and oxidizer pump and the exhaust of the turbine is fed to a separate nozzle now if you remember controlling the rocket motor that we discussed earlier in the course there we talked about ways in which we can control the orientation of the rocket motor one of them was through a separate nozzle so this is the separate nozzle you will have and it will be a very small thrust so you can use this to control the rocket motor this is about a monopropylene gas generator if you notice the gas generator is not coupled with either the fuel or the oxidizer so it is an independent system so you can control it a lot better but on the flip side it will have excess weight and you will need to carry one more fluid on board right so this has greater control but it also means that it is going to be a lot more heavier then see that is used to start up the system probably monopropellant systems can start on their own but if you are looking at any other design okay you need some initial gas generation to drive the pump right if you do not have any fluid going through the turbine then it will be very difficult to start them so you have this so that the turbines are started in the other system also it is given as a redundant feature okay so the next technique that is used is something known as bootstrap technique as opposed to the monopropellant system here you will use a part of the fuel and oxidizer okay to drive this gas generator so you have fuel coming in through the fuel tank and the fuel pump and the regenerative cooling jacket and it will not directly go into the thrust chamber okay it will go to the gas generator all the fuel will go into the gas generator a part of the oxidizer will also go to the gas generator remember if you use this fuel and oxidizer comp combination and if you use something around let us say you are using liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen and if you use somewhere around O by F of 6 in the chamber you are going to get something like 3300 K right but you do not want that in the gas generator because the turbine inlet temperature we want to restrict it to somewhere around 1200 and not more than that so therefore what you do is you only use a part of the oxygen okay part of the oxidizer is used the rest of it goes directly into the thrust chamber only a part of the oxidizer is used so that it becomes a fuel rich system okay and then that drives the turbine and the exhaust of the turbine is given to a separate nozzle you also have a small solid propellant cartridge to start this system this is about bootstrap is technique this is used in was used in special main engine and also in the cryogenic upper stage of ISRO okay the GSLV cryogenic upper stage engine this is expander cycle now expander cycle you can use only if you have locks hydrogen engine primarily because if you look at hydrogen hydrogen if you pass it through the regenerative cooling jacket the temperatures at the end of the cooling after it passes through the cooling jacket will be so high that hydrogen will not be liquid anymore and it will be a gas at high pressure so if you have a low thrust engine right then you can use this and expand it through the turbine right and then feed it back into the thrust chamber so it is just expansion of this heated hydrogen right only with hydrogen this can work the expansion of this heated hydrogen is used to pass through the turbine and this will give you the required power to run the two pumps okay mind you this is only for a low thrust system that it is possible for high thrust systems you will also need to use fuel and oxidizer composition because if you look at this system and if you look at the equations here this is very low TP is very low you are trying to make it up with a larger flow rate of hydrogen okay this will be the entire flow rate of hydrogen but still there is a limitation on how much of power you can get okay the next cycle is the stage combustion cycle in this case you have fuel coming through the pump and the regenerative cooling and all of it goes through to the gas generator right and part of the oxidizer comes here and the other part goes through to the gas generator right after combustion here the products of combustion are directly fed to the thrust chamber so this is this can give you very high turbine power so therefore this is typically used in very high thrust and long duration engines okay so this is bootstrap technique this will have a separate nozzle stage combustion is fine then lastly you have something known as thrust chamber bleed here you take a part of the exhaust from the thrust chamber itself and as it goes through the pipeline from the thrust chamber to the turbine inlet there will be a long pipeline and as it goes through it it will get cooled and the turbine inlet temperatures probably is going to be higher than what we had set out here as 1200 okay it will be higher which would mean that you will only need a very small bleed okay you could also look at in some sense you can cool the turbine feed with either the fuel or the oxidizer so that the temperatures do not exceed some limiting value for the turbine inlet okay so you can do that and feed it to the turbine and then this exhaust is given to a separate nozzle so as to this could be used for controlling the rocket motor now we had learned that how do we balance the turbine and pump power balance now there are various ways in which you can have or the essentially two designs of pump that you can have one is axial and the other one is centrifugal when do you use an axial pump and when do you use you use centrifugal pump when you need a very large head when head is high you will go in for a centrifugal pump if mass flow rate is high and head is medium then you go in for an axial pump okay so ? H or head is nothing but ? P by ? x G so if head required is high then you go in for a centrifugal pump but if head required is not so high whereas your flow rates are very very high then you go for a axial pump the advantage with an axial pump is it is pretty much amenable to multi-staging whereas the losses if you are using the centrifugal pump and if you are having a large number of stages the losses could be larger because it will have to go through a volume chamber onto the periphery and then again come back to the center it a centrifugal pump you always have axial inlet and radial outlet right so the flow turning induces a higher amount of losses now let us look at what are the values of head and what are the values of flow rates that they are going to be there in these some of the rocket motors so SSME uses liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen cryogenic upper stage is also liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen F1 engine this was the engine that took man to moon this uses kerosene and locks kerosene is also indicated as RP1 rocket propellant one okay then Vikas engine is nitrogen tetroxide and UDMH unsymmetric dimethyl hydrazine so the Q dot in liters per second and then ? H if you look at this table this flow rate and head of liquid hydrogen these are very very high simply because if you look at the density of liquid hydrogen it has got a very very low density of 70 kg per meter cube so therefore if you look at flow rate even though the mass flow rates will be very small the flow rate will be very very high volumetric flow rate will be very high and also the head rise that is required will also be very high simply because head rise is nothing but ? P divided by ? because ? is low low you will have a very high head rise the same as the case for both SSME and cusp because both of them use liquid hydrogen in addition to this the head rise will have to be more for liquid hydrogen because it is passed through the regenerative cooling chamber okay. Now if you look at locks and RP1 you will see a substantial difference in the head rise and flow rate although this is a much larger thrust the engine this engine produces a much larger thrust the head rise that is required for hydrogen is much higher than RP1 that is primarily because of the difference in densities okay and here again the head rise is nearly the same for both kind of both fuel and oxidizer for the VKAS engine okay we will stop here in the next class look at what implications does this have if you have a very high head rise what are the implications that it is going to have and let us look at that in the next class thank you.


Welcome to Toradex office here in Seattle. Today we will talk about Verdin, our new system on module. My name is Daniel Lang and I'm the CMO of Toradex. Today here with me I have Samuel Imgris. Hey Nikola, thanks for coming by. Yeah, my name is Samuel. I'm the CEO of Toradex and today we really talk a little bit about on the hardware side what we have new for you guys. So we've actually been working for the last new months on a new and third module family. So most of you guys are actually familiar with our colibri form factor. So if we quickly look back here we have this is a 15-year-old form factor that we're still maintaining today. Our most successful product family, the colibri family and then we introduced about six years ago the Apollis family. This is really a high performance arm system a module family and today we're going to talk a little bit about our new Verdin system a module family. So like all other product families from Toradex we're developing system of modules that are pin compatible within the family. So today we're introducing the first some of the Verdin system a module family and this one is based on the IMX 8M mini processor. We also going to be offering a custom variant based on the 8M nano which is a pin compatible processor. So typically on the SOM you'll have a processor, system memory, flash, all the power controls, wireless connectivity and typical some of the high-speed peripherals like a gigabit ethernet 5. But then what you usually need is a carrier board to really develop the custom part of your embedded system. But I'd like to let Brandon talk a little about really what we had in mind when we came up with our new Verdin family. Yeah so I'm Brandon Shibley CTO of Toradex and so when we designed Verdin you know what we were doing is bringing out some higher-speed interfaces than some of our previous products you know Clebris a 15 year old family. With Verdin we're bringing out interfaces that like such as USB 3.0, gigabit ethernet, PCI express, MIPI DSI and MIPI CSI and we're doing that on a higher density connector here 260 pins on on this connector and so this is the development board that we created. This is the board you'll work with when you're developing a product with our Verdin system on module. You can see it connects in just like this. This is allows you to access most of the pins on the connector through these headers as well as any the other interfaces through various connectors and transceivers. So we have things like you know the dual ethernet that we talked about. This is one ethernet provided by the SOM where there's a five provided on board. The second provided over RGMI with another five here so we have two ethernet that are possible here. We have PCI express here we're bringing out the MIPI DSI and many of the the new SoCs coming out are supporting MIPI DSI well whereas other display interfaces aren't so universally supported across all those SoC so we find that you know it's going to be easier to support many of those interfaces over MIPI DSI with various adapters and so that's what we're showing here is that provide adapters such as this which adapt from MIPI DSI to HDMI. We also have like CAN RS-45 or RS-232. Those are provided over the UARTs of the connector. We have native HDMI, MIPI CSI here, USB on the go and a variety of other interfaces. We have many type specific interfaces also where we've dedicated some of the pins of the module for interfaces which are really SOM specific so things that are not universally supported across all of the products and those are accessible over the connector here on the development board. So that's about everything we've done here with Verden. I'll pass it on to Daniel. Yeah so we talked a lot about hardware which is of course very important very important part to make your hardware and design easier but Toradex is not just about hardware we do a lot about software so if you get the Verden module you tap into the whole Toradex ecosystem so means you get that famous support you're used to and you get all the software so you get the Octo BSPs you also get our new Torizen easy to use Linux distribution for industrial application and that's supported on Verden from day one and with Torizen we have a whole ecosystem of partners such as Codesys, Crank, Qt and many more providing containers so it's very easy to get started very easy to install that it's designed for easy updateability today everybody's connected you need to be able to update your software easy on the system and so we do all of that. We also have an ecosystem of system integrators so if you can design your own carrier board we have a proven partner who specializes in doing own carrier boards do a design for you or we have other partners having off-the-shelf carrier boards ready when that comes to market where you can just plug in the module same thing on the software side we have system integrator you need cloud connectivity you need anything special they can help you get started fast and lower your your time to market. So there's a lot of customer feedback you've gotten to implement basically it's like the next gen of Toradex right? Yeah so before we do that we did really extensive market research we looked at a lot of different things we looked at different connector we took a very detailed look at board to board connector we look at soldable solution and and we really decide that's the best for our target market our customer need vibration proof they need cost optimized they need easy assembly so they don't have sometimes the technology to do a deal with extremely fine pitch all of that we included all of that we did a lot of research about which interfaces they need and that's basically the outcome of that and we did the same thing on the software side with Torizon so we are very confident that that's a good solution and we are also very welcome you know for input you know to add additional software features and and so on. So it's it's could would you say future proof also in terms of what the trends are? Yes it's very future proof was really designed with outlook as Colibri for example is around from 2005 and we're still supporting that we still bringing out a new products there and same for here so we already we will launch with with two SOCs as Samuel mentioned IMX 8M Mini and IMX 8M Nano and we already have a roadmap with with more chips coming out in the same form factor so you will get the same scalability you are used to from our other families. And with a new over-the-air updates and the system and the whole Torizon that's it's a new way of doing providing support. Exactly so it's future proof on the hardware side but it's definitely future proof on the software side with Torizon with a stronger focus on connected devices on security. We of course also will have a real-time patch as you're used to be you know you have heterogeneous multi-core here with M4 cores which be integrated we have tooling to make it easy to get started we have plugins for Visual Studio we support Visual Studio code we invest a lot in also bringing Python on board which we see some people are beginning to use in embedded industries and so on. So this is also gonna enable even more in the labs more stuff. Yes of course on the labs we continue to innovate we continue to try out new things we have tools like flash tool which gives you an estimate about your flash lifetime and a lot of other additional features we develop in labs. I can also we talked about our ecosystem which of course it's provider of additional feature value added but we also have a very close connection with our suppliers like NXP and we have here at today Jerome from NXP and you can introduce yourself and he will talk a little bit about what kind of problems we like to solve together and why Toradex works so close with NXP. Hi thanks for having me today I'm Jerome Shang with NXP I have responsibility for cloud partnership programs and so what here we're trying to solve our real customer problems in places where we are decentralizing typical cloud machine learning workloads down to the edge. So if you look at what has been done here with Toradex NXP is working with AWS to enable their operating system and runtime and NXP is working with Toradex to enable computer vision at the edge as we blend the three of them together we essentially have a way to manage the lifecycle and onboarding of the device you also have a way to train model deploy model and reiterate and so that typically is a task that was cloud-based in the past now moving to the edge so what we're solving here is that typical machine learning model in the cloud is as efficient as how much power you can throw at it machine learning model at the edge is as efficient as self-contained you can remain and how much can be executed on the device so SageMaker Neo which is in our case the ML framework we're using is especially efficient in the auto tuning feature that allows the Toradex model to run efficiently at the edge and this is where you see the strength and power of ARM based computing compared to non-cost effective x86 based platform to take advantage of the power cost and performance areas that are typical of ARM based computing right now. ARM based computing has a lot to do with efficiency right and you have all this power out there it's nice to use it to to find new ways to use all this the CPU power and do all this machine learning with it. So you will see in that specific context that the work done around the ARM compute library is bearing fruits in places where the typical execution provider or the actual runtime environment choose which function is best accelerated and or executed either on the CPU or the GPU and so that's the specialty of SageMaker Neo with this auto tuning feature that allows us to choose which is the best function run on which accelerator. Many people in this industry choose NXP for the open source the availability of lots of open source stuff around it right it's it's one of the important things. Correct so if you look at the reason why people would go to NXP it's first and foremost because of the breadth of the portfolio because you can find the right devices that meets the performance and cost of your specific application. Then when you look at what we upstream to the open source community you'll find all the plumbing to actually accelerate edge-based machine learning and the different partners we have in the ecosystem to actually accelerate the development for end-users. It's here again about easing the customer journey in their development and the development with Toradex is definitely speeding up time to market. And you even have sometimes some of the GPU in the open source support and stuff like that when people want to do that or it's something that's in development a lot right. Correct so we're currently trying to balance GPU workloads, Norant Accelerator workloads and so the work we're doing with our partners is enabling open VX APIs for that matter and so you will see a whole fleet of product coming with Norant Accelerators that we introduced at CES this year. Nice and this enables so many new applications so many new startups should just be watching and making stuff making new new ideas. Our specialty is bringing workloads at the edge so you will hear NXP being very efficient at the edge in places where we're trying to get you to more cost-effective solution than typical x86 architecture in order for you to start balancing workloads in order to actually distribute those end nodes, manage your life cycle in a secure fashion. Correct. Nice so you are definitely getting more and more busy with all these solutions right? Yeah it's going very well we see you know a lot developing as I said and he points out you know we're moving into edge compute machine learning is a big topic so it's open like embedded vision so there's a lot of new opportunities coming of course the whole IoT the whole connectivity a lot of new challenges Vitoradex can help you solve and bring you faster to market.


Hey everyone, Dr. O. In this video, we're going to cover the third biggest benefit of fasting, which is that you learn what true hunger is. Let's start at the beginning. Fasting helps you tell the difference between psychological appetite and physiological hunger. I always like to say that hunger is a physiological need for food. Appetite is a psychological want. If you're hungry enough, broccoli will satisfy your hunger, but if you have an appetite for a donut or chips or something, then it clearly won't. Fasting helps you learn the difference between when you're truly hungry and when you just have an appetite for something. It's amazing how often we crave foods and we're not hungry. We literally ate an hour ago and we're craving something, or we just ate a whole supper and now we're craving dessert. Usually when you start a fast, when you wake up in the morning on a fasting day, your hunger is going to be the strongest around three to four hours into it, but what that's really cool is that it subsides. It goes away for periods of time. Hunger comes, hunger goes all the time.  I'm not lying when I tell you that there are times when I'm fasting that I do not feel hungry at all and I definitely don't feel any more hungry than on days that I'm eating.  You didn't get sick, you didn't die, nothing bad happened. You got hungry, you did nothing about it and that hunger went away, which means that hunger is coming from timing, from signals in your brain, from things in our environment, all these kind of things, but you truly learn what true hunger is when you're on a fast. Think about it this way too. You are equally hungry in the morning, at least I am, whether I ate the day before or not.  Sometimes honestly, I actually get more hungry if I eat a big dinner. There are times that I'll wake up in the morning and I didn't have supper at all and I'm not very hungry or there are times that I'll wake up in the morning and I had had a huge supper the night before and I'm starving. I might even wake up at 3 in the morning or something and feel hunger. This was the thing that surprised me the most about fasting. It's like, I couldn't even remember. Did I eat yesterday? Did I not eat yesterday? Because my hunger in the morning didn't change. Just think about that. You will learn what it truly means to be hungry and then you'll be able to control it and that's why Fasting Benefit 3 really ties into the next one, which you will develop a much better relationship with your food. I'll explain that in the next lesson. Have a wonderful day. Be blessed.


To get the opportunity to lead a tank procession in a World War II celebration in a route used by the 3rd Armored Division to liberate Mons is beyond thrilling. It's important because this is the first time Americans have a full American crew with an armored vehicle and tanks in town. It makes me feel honored to be here, to be a part of the crew that they sent out here with the brand, the six of us. I think it's a good thing and it'd be awesome to do it every year.


This weekend, Tom Woods joins us to discuss his new book entitled Real Descent, a Libertarian Sets Fire to the Index Card of Allowable Opinion. Of course, Tom needs little introduction here among fans of the Mises Institute. He's the best-selling author of several books, the creator of Liberty Classroom, host of the Tom Woods show, a frequent speaker at Liberty events around the country, a frequent guest on major media, and he's heading up Ron Paul's homeschool program, all while managing a growing family of five daughters. He also holds a history degree from Harvard and a PhD from Columbia. Tom is perhaps the most prolific Libertarian scholar alive today, placing him squarely in the tradition of the late Murray Rothbard. We're proud to call Tom a Mises Institute senior fellow, and you'll want to hear more about his terrific new book. Stay tuned. Ladies and gentlemen, welcome back once again to Mises Weekends. I'm your host, Jeff Deist, and as promised, we're joined this weekend by our good friend and senior fellow, Tom Woods. Tom, how are you? Doing well, Jeff. Thanks for having me. Well, as I mentioned in the intro, your book is entitled Real Descent, a Libertarian Sets Fire to the Index Card of Allowable Opinion. So going through the table of contents, it almost seems to me like this is a how-to book for Libertarians of sorts. It is, and it's not just a how-to book in terms of how to win arguments, although it is that. It's also, it's really a how-to-live kind of manual in the sense that you should not feel confined to the opinions that you're supposed to hold, all the respectable people hold. There was an article on Salon not too long ago by Michael Lind who said, you know, I can't believe we have to waste our time with these Libertarians who expect us to take seriously the following propositions. One, the Fed should be abolished. Two, and they list all these things.  That's fine. You can do that and be respected by Salon. But why would you want to? Like, what way is that to live and what good is that going to do? What we need is some cold water in the face, you know, and that's really what the Libertarian position represents. We're not saying, well, maybe we shouldn't go to war with those people. Maybe we should just try to starve them to death. You know, we're trying to say, you know, there might actually be a position, a way of thinking that's outside of this constrained set of choices that we get from the New York Times. That's the gist of the book. Well, it's interesting in the internet age, we like to think that there is a much broader range of opinion that's permissible. But it turns out, even when you go online, that there are still gatekeepers, there are still what you call thought controllers, commissars, or enforcers of approved opinion. And you can see that in the way they respond to you. If you do make an intelligent argument about the Fed or about foreign policy, especially if you're dealing with neoconservatives, but there are some progressives who will give you trouble for that, too, or whatever the issue is, if you're not on what I call the three by five card of allowable opinion, you're going to be not refuted, but smeared. They're not going to bother to show where you're wrong. You're so uppity for having an independent thought that you don't even deserve a refutation. Instead, you're going to be called an extremist and all this other stuff. I never minded being called an extremist because, of course, extremist depends on extremely what, right? If I'm extremely awesome, there's nothing wrong with that. It's a completely contentless word. But these are the types of things they do. They'll say, well, this person is just out of bounds, or this person is on the fringe, and this and that. It's not on the fringe to say, let's go bomb this basically borderline third world country for really no good reason, for reasons we can all see are made up and invented. That's not fringe. It's fringe to say, maybe we shouldn't do that. But they try to use these words, like fringe or whatever, to intimidate otherwise decent people into keeping their mouths shut. But to me, what I have fun doing to the contrary is exposing these people for what they are, which is thought controllers. I always use terms like that because it really stings when they have to hear it. But Tom, this goes beyond just debating on the internet, right? I mean, this affects people's lives and careers. For instance, people in academia are people who would like to write for a living. The thought controllers actually impact their lives and careers. There's no question about it. I mean, there are career-destroying smears that these people use. Now, I'm lucky that at this point, I have been fortunate enough to build up enough of a following that people who follow me, they know the sorts of things that the bad guys say about me. They already know it and we just laugh it off and it's okay. But if I were just starting out, yeah, that could seriously harm me. And as a matter of fact, back about 10 years ago when my book, The Politically Incorrect Guide to American History, came out, I took a lot of abuse over that book. There was a signed editorial, a signed editorial on the New York Times editorial page against me and the book. Reason Magazine, one of their columnists, attacked me. Although then it turns out the nefarious Tom Woods has friends and allies everywhere, even on the board at Reason. And my friend told them to shut up and they never bothered me again. But the Boston Globe attacked me. It was everywhere and it wasn't Woods is wrong. And here's, let's prove why he's wrong. If you look at the New York Times attack, it's I can't believe Woods says this and I can't believe Woods says that. Well, you know, Doug got it, show me what's wrong with what I said. Because all those statements are eminently defensible. Well, at that time, Jeff, I thought to myself and I actually called up the publisher. Now, it was a smash hit. New York Times bestseller for 12 weeks, got into the top 10. It was doing great. But I called up the publisher and I said, is my life over? Like is my career over because of these smears? And you know how your publisher is supposed to reassure you? He kind of sat on the phone and saying, you know, I think I have to take another call. Like, I mean, he really thought maybe. But what it turns out, I mean, this is just a little word of encouragement for people. So it's not all depression. When something like that's happening to you, you feel like the whole world is watching. The whole world is reading every one of these attacks. But the fact is most people aren't and people who aren't going to like you will read this and forget your name the next day.  The same way you and I would react when they would attack Ron. That just gave Ron more credibility, you know, more street cred.  But I'll tell you, at the time it is a very scary thing. It's nice to say afterward, oh, yeah, it's really cool to be attacked by the powers that be. Well, yeah, that's a lot of bluster after the fact. At the time, it's scary. Well, Tom, I see your new book as doing much the same of what you did. In other words, an end run around the Boston Globes and New York Times of the world. I noticed that you have a whole section in this book and addressed toward what I would call the Beltway Strain of Libertarianism. The Milk Toast, let's say, who are so afraid of offending anyone. You know, it's interesting. I'd like to take your thoughts on whether we as libertarians sometimes unconsciously fall prey to PC ourselves. Well, it is easy and tempting.  I better not repeat the word that she used. But let's just say she called us cowards, but she used another word. And what she meant by that was that, yeah, you libertarians, you'll say things that the media is basically OK with, like, let's legalize pot. Well, you know, in 2014 doesn't take a whole lot of courage to say that.  And I thought she was absolutely right about that. I mean, libertarians were up in arms that she said that, but she's absolutely right. Yeah, it is hard to find people who will take courageous stances like that. So it is true in real descent. There are 10 parts in this book and one of the parts is aimed at a particular wing, let's say a Beltway wing of libertarianism. It's one of the shorter parts of the book, reflecting the fact that this is not my principal concern as a writer, but it does need to be addressed. And for all people who will say, woods, you shouldn't engage in infighting, which, by the way, of all people on earth, I have more right to engage in infighting after the way I've been treated by some of these jerks than than most people I generally don't because I don't have the time or the interest. But it has to be done sometimes if people are are taking the good name of libertarianism and confusing that name in people's minds. It needs to be pointed out. But I know that a lot of these people who will say, I shouldn't include a part like that, they're going to turn right to that part first. They're going to flip right to part seven because it's a guilty pleasure. They want to see what I'm saying. Well, I also noticed that you have a large section of the book devoted to the Ron Paul Revolution. Yeah. And my take is that one of the reasons Ron is so beloved is because he was not programmed. He was very homespun. He was down to earth. He was a family man. He was sort of a gentle bourgeois doctor. And of course, this is the exact reason that many the Beltway types hate him. Exactly. And the reason I inserted a section on Ron in this book is, first of all, he exemplifies the idea of the book's title real descent because we didn't get any real descent other than Ron in these presidential debates.  You know, who's going to withdraw how many troops when or who's going to send how many more troops when that was the whole debate. But we got real descent from Ron and it was courageous descent. He would go to South Carolina and say, we got to end the drug war. He'd go to Florida and say, we got to end the embargo with Cuba. And that's what we loved about the guy. So what I'm trying to do in that section of the book is record for posterity, why he was so special. I mean, I know that's a little sappy sounding, but why he mattered? What was so significant? Why we were so excited about him? And what what disturbs me is that some of the people I, you know, locked arms with in this great struggle on Ron's behalf are now saying the exact opposite of what they said just two years ago, two years ago, they would or three years ago, they would pitch Ron to their friends by saying, you know, what's great about Ron is that he's not like the others. He doesn't say things because, well, he's got to say those things to get votes or he doesn't say things because, well, you got to play the game. But now I hear all these idea, formerly idealistic young people saying, well, hey, look, you know, Ron's a sweet guy and everything, but we got to get things done. And to get things done, you got to say what you got to say. And I just think, my gosh, you know, all that time people were right. Who said that politics crushes the soul to see these kids turned into automatons like this is very dispiriting. We got to get things done, Tom, that's for sure. Now, speaking of getting things done, you have two other large sections in the book devoted one to war and foreign policy. And two devoted to the Fed. So I was pleased to see you taking the right on head on when it comes to war. Yeah. Can you talk about that? Yeah, absolutely. Because, you know, there is a section of the book that takes on anti-capitalist writers, but that's easy, you know, for libertarians, that's like, we're all in favor of capitalism. That's easy. It's harder to take on the war question because, you know, we do have some of our audience is kind of conservative. And the conservatives tend to be the most bellicose on foreign policy. So I did want to take them on partly because I used to be one of those people. I grew up in the 1980s and I loved Ronald Reagan and I supported every single military intervention that he engaged in, even the ones he just thought about doing, I supported those. And so I see some of myself in these people and I can speak a language that reaches them, but at the same time, it's not I'm not just I'm not by any means coddling them in some ways. I'm I'm quite tough on them that it's one thing to be swept away by Ronald Reagan when the Soviet Union is around. But it's quite another to get snookered into the Iraq war of 2003.  So I allowed myself to be talked into putting the war section as part one of the book to just go right up front and say, yes, even though this is a book that there will be some parts of it that conservatives will like, this it's going to challenge them right away. But with arguments that have reached a lot of conservatives, that I can tell you, I have the emails and the personal testimonies approve it, these sorts of arguments they win over conservatives. A lot of us argue with conservatives. We can't understand how they don't see the folly of the foreign policy. So I actually start the book with chapter one on my own personal story of how I went from being a neocon college freshman who didn't know any better, who thought that was the Liberty position. I didn't know any better. I mean, no one was teaching it to me and I wasn't original enough to think of it myself going from that to being the person I am now and how I realized, oh, my gosh, I am actually supporting things that are evil. That I mean, it's not even there's no mincing words here. I'm supporting something that is evil. It's it's a it's a shocking revelation to realize that about yourself. And I think a lot of people, frankly, if they head down that path, they can't face it. It's too much to face. So they just keep on imbibing the propaganda and moving on. But I'm glad to say that I had friends who talked to me out of it, who got me out of it. And so I put that as chapter one. And I hope that it'll help other people to see the path that I took. Well, a lot of otherwise free market conservatives also have a tremendous blind spot when it comes to money and banking. So let's talk about your section on the Fed. Well, as a matter of fact, in the section on the Fed, I take on both progressives and self-described conservatives. It was so funny in a, you know, an annoying way during Ron's campaigns that we would get so-called conservatives saying that Ron Paul is crazy and you'd say, oh, I know why because of his foreign policy. Right? No, he's crazy because he wants the gold standard, which isn't even technically correct these days. But, but all right, let's, for the sake of argument, say he wants the gold standard. They acted like this was unthinkable and that the, by implication then, that the existing monetary policy and regime is the best conceivable one or really only needs a little tinkering. I mean, these conservatives, they're supposed to support the free market and they're supporting an institution that expressly engages in central planning in order to control certain macroeconomic variables in the economy. Now, if you believe in that, your case for the free market is, shall we say, severely vitiated and can hardly be taken seriously. So Ron is the real free market here and the people, the Austrians, who believe in a genuine free market without these interventions, they are the free market here. So again, so I pitch it to them as, don't you believe in the free market? I thought you guys believed in the free market. I mean, if we put it that way, well, then they have to try to defend themselves. And what are they going to say? Well, some intervention is okay. That's going to be pretty lame sounding to anybody who's following the debate. Well, Tom, it seems like the right has a huge blind spot when it comes to war. The left has a huge blind spot when it comes to markets. They both have a blind spot when it comes to the Fed. Let me throw this out there. Maybe you address it in the book. I do not know. Do libertarians have blind spots as well that you've identified? Oh, that's a really good one. Well, some do and some don't. And I don't mean to say that I'm perfect. I mean, even my own views on some subjects continue to evolve as I think about them. And if you look at my writing over the years, well, there's been a shift in emphasis maybe here and there. But I do think that there are some cultural questions that libertarians ought to take an interest in. There are issues related to the family that libertarians ought to take an interest in. Because we should bear in mind that there is a reason that the state wants to undermine these naturally occurring forms of human associations. It's not just because they had nothing to do today, so they figured they'd try to engage in incursions against the family. It's that they always want to undermine competing institutions.  Even because I'm an individualist, people confuse these things. Libertarians don't have to be individualists. I'm not an individualist when it comes to my family. I don't turn to my family and say, well, to each his own, to everybody, every man for himself in this household, you're going to have to fetch your own dinner. You're going to have to fend for yourself. I wouldn't act that way. I like being at events with the Mises Institute. And the Mises Institute is a collective group that I enjoy being with. So it's not that we're for individualism against collectivism. We're against artificial collectives that exist only in the mind of a central planner. But naturally occurring social institutions can be perfectly enriching and can be important barriers against the state. Tom, we are almost out of time. Let me wrap it up, which is one final question to you. What do you hope the impact of this book will be? Well, I've written at this point a dozen books. I can hardly believe this myself. And people always ask me which one is my favorite. Now it may seem, I don't know, maybe unpersuasive when an author says, well, the current one really is my favorite because it sounds like he's just trying to sell copies. But at least at this moment, it is my favorite because I think it's a good introduction to what we're doing as libertarians and to what I'm doing. But it's not at an introductory level at the same time. I mean, like somebody who's been around the block awhile is going to get some good ammunition against the Fed and against the foreign policy that they use and all this other stuff. What I want to see it do is to, in effect, give people the courage, the desire to go out there and continue to force the discussion open further. The discussion on so many issues is so closed and narrow, it's almost a joke how little we're actually debating with each other. And yet libertarians have such humane and commonsensical alternatives that are just ruled out.  And what I'm trying to show in the book is that what we have to say is so valuable and so persuasive as soon as it's heard that we cannot be discouraged by how little the powers that be want to hear it. We should be encouraged by how little they want to hear it because that means that we're on the right track. So I want to blast open the discussion and that's why it's such a dramatic title, setting fire to the index card of allowable opinion. I mean, there is implicitly a little card with all acceptable opinions written on it and how can we possibly make any advance if we're going to confine ourselves to that? So we got to just set it on fire. Tom, thanks very much for your time this weekend. Ladies and gentlemen, the book is entitled Real Descent. You can find it at a website called realdescent.com. You can find it at Amazon. And in a day or two, you're going to be able to find it right here at mises.org. Have a great weekend.


Hello and welcome to the session, let's work out the following question. It says, a stone dropped from a balloon moving horizontally with a velocity of 40 meter per second reaches the ground in 5 seconds. Find the height of the balloon, the velocity of the stone at the time of striking the ground and its direction. Let's now move on to the solution. We have to find the height of the balloon. So let H be the height of the balloon or let height of the balloon be H meters. Now we are given that the stone is dropped from a balloon moving horizontally. So the velocity of the stone is in the horizontal direction. So the stone is dropped from a balloon moving horizontally with the velocity with the horizontal velocity 40 meter per second. Now since it is moving horizontally, therefore the vertical component of the velocity will be zero. Therefore the vertical component is zero. Now considering the vertical motion of stone we have H is equal to 1 by 2 gt square. As we know that H is given by ut plus 1 by 2 gt square where u is the initial velocity. So H is equal to 1 by 2 g is 10 meter per second square into t which is 5 seconds. This 5 square this is equal to 2 into 5 into 25 which is equal to 125 meter. Thus the height of the balloon is 125 meter. Now let vx and vy be the horizontal vertical components of velocity of the stone on striking the ground. Now we are given that horizontal velocity is 40 meter per second. So we have vx is equal to 40 meter per second and vy square is given by 0 square plus 2 gh. As we know that v is given by v square is equal to u square plus 2 gh where u is the initial velocity and we know that the initial component of the velocity it's a vertical component of the velocity is zero. So the initial velocity is zero in the vertical direction and vy square is given by 0 square plus 2 gh. Let's now substitute the values. We have 0 square plus 2 gh touches 125 meter. So this is equal to this is equal to 2500. So vy is equal to 50. So the vertical component of the velocity is 50 meter per second. Now let v be the resultant velocity of the stone on striking the ground. Therefore v is given by under the root vx square plus vy square which is vx square is 40 square plus 50 square. So this is equal to 40 square is 1600, 2500 which is equal to under the root 4100 which is equal to 10 into under the root 41 meter per second. So this is the velocity of the stone on striking the ground. Now we have to find the direction. So now if the direction of this resultant velocity makes an angle theta with the horizontal and theta is given by vertical component of the velocity upon the horizontal component of the velocity that is vy upon vx. Now vy is 50 and vx is 40. So tan theta is equal to 5 by 4. So this implies theta is equal to tan inverse 5 by 4. Thus the stone strikes the ground with the velocity 10 into under the root 41 meter per second making an angle 5 by 4 with the horizontal or the ground. So this completes the question and the session. Bye for now. Take care. Have a good day.


I'll get started. I think you'd not tell you anything about me anymore. I think the slide is up there. My name is Anubhav. I'm from Srijan, now acquired by a material plus company recently, last week, basically. I'm a product manager. So my role, basically, is involved throughout the lifecycle of development of a product. So I'm involved from requirement gathering, and probably with the product is all I can say. These are my Twitter handles and LinkedIn handle. So just in case you want to reach out to me after the session, you can use this as well. And just to disclaimer, I just have 20 minutes. The topic was very vast. It was a very technical project where we worked on. Just in case if you need any technical questions to be answered, again, I can have it answered over an email or any other social media platform. But the topic that I'm covering here is about developing a versatile design system for enterprises. What is there which goes into planning of development of design system? How do we actually execute a design system? So starting from the beginning till the end, I'll try to cover every aspect of the project. But why this topic is the question that comes to the mind of everyone. Why design system needs to be developed? I'd just like to give you an interesting stat. Again, the agenda goes like this just to quickly tell you. I'll just brief you a little about what is design system. I'll tell you about the project which I was working on, what we did, how we did, tools and technologies that we used, and what are the business benefits that we are trying to reap from this. But again, coming to why design system? Just, I mean, this slide talks on its own. Software is eating the world, we all know, while design is eating the software. If design is not there in place, I mean, software is not good enough. So this speaks volumes on its own. But again, are there any stats to prove what I'm saying is correct or not? So these are the recent stats, basically last week's stats. Top four companies in the top 10 by market value are basically software companies. They're deriving their revenue from this software stream. Apple, Amazon, Microsoft, Google, all software companies and they're deriving their revenues from the software industry. And see how what Tecran set out design. You see six major tech companies have doubled their design, hiring goals last half-ticket. This last half-ticket basically is from 2012 to 2017. You see, per developer at Laskin had 25 developers, had only one designer. Now, then in 2017, there are nine developers per designer. Likewise, if you see Dropbox, they had 10 developers per designer, now they have six. You see the shift, the trend of having more designers in the organization. There is certainly something which is very important that industry needs to adopt. Industry needs to change. And the change is happening. But when I talk about design system, what exactly does that mean? What is the definition? So I've carved out my own definition from different places, my experience, and this is how it looks like. The design system is a collection of design components, atoms, molecules, and organisms. I'll tell you what does this mean quickly. And a systematic approach to product development with guidelines, processes, and code that defines how these components should work together seamlessly, right? The standards cover guidelines for each component, typography standards, and content writing rules.  When everything comes together, it is called a design system. So a few examples of design system. Google has their design system, it has their design system, IBM has their design system. There's a reason behind it again, right? But when I try to basically give you a visual definition of this design system, this is how it comes out, right? It consists of building blocks, pattern library, and rules. Building blocks basically where your smaller elements fit in, color palliates, typographic grid definitions, icons, pattern libraries include templates, modules, components elements, rules include design rules, implementation guidelines, and editorial guides. So together, this whole system that we're talking about, right, is called design system. And it is based, this whole design system is based on a principle which is called design principle. And this is how it shapes up, right? The building block is atom. When atoms meet, they make molecules. When molecules meet, they make organism. And when organism meet, they make templates. And when templates meet, they make web pages. So this is the flow of a design system. And why do we need it? Why can't we just have designers developing websites? Why can't we have designers just developing applications? What is the need of talking about design systems? Again, this is the reason. Without a design system, software development processes become slower with time and the user experience suffers from growing inconsistencies. You start with design system. There is a team which works with its own style, with their own patterns. One year down the line, there is another team. They start working on the same website. They have their own style, their own patterns. And what we actually try to get, what we actually get eventually is an inconsistent product, right? The buttons on one page is different from the button at a different page. Or it might be a case that one website of an organization has a different type of button, but the different website of the same company has a different button. So that's the problem that we face most of the time. Coming to the project that we've worked on, right? Now this basically defines what a design system is. The project basically, our client was a global welfare organization, tasked with helping countries eliminate poverty, I think. Pretty obvious by now that you know what the client is, and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development. It is headquartered in New York, largest aid agencies in the world, operating in 170 countries. Shrejan helped them, basically, develop 200 plus websites, right? So they have a website in each country, and basically multiple websites in each country. And the task was to basically build a custom design system so that every website looks similar, right? So if I can define what the complete project was, I will now go into the detail of the project. But it was a very big project, and design system was just a part of it. So platform building on Drupal was part of the project. Migration of all the older sites from AEM to Drupal was second part of the project. We had a plan, but if you see in the red, integration of the design system into the Drupal platform was what I'm talking about. What was the ask, right? They wanted an extensible and scalable design system, relaunching global sites in multiple languages. They wanted India to have two languages, US to have Spanish, French, and English. So multilingual capability. They wanted to increase the overall user experience, the front-end, as well as their tutorial experience. They wanted to build everything with a modular approach so that the reusability is high, and they did not want any kind of problems because of RTL or LTR languages, right? So all this was the ask. But what were the challenges before we got started? Define it, so we had to define a consistent visual identity. There was no visual identity, and we wanted to replicate the same look across all the sites, avoid additional cost, right, by developing reusable components. So these were the challenges that were told to us. What we did? We built a Drupal platform, which consists of basically 200 plus, I mean, you can spin off 200 plus website from this platform. There was a technology build, and we were able to do that successfully. The design system solution has detailed documentation of visual design elements within the platform, components, and updates for developers to use, right? And this is a snapshot of how the design system eventually came out. If you see on the left-hand side, there is getting started documentation. We have icons, images, layout, all this hierarchy, and if you see there, you will be able to see this is how the design of a paragraph will come like, or the detailed page will come like. We have actions, control, HTML, how will RTL look like, what are the accessibility things, which we can see there. We have documentation. All these, first possible in the design system, this is the eventual product, right? How did we do it? So step one was the research. It was very rigorous exercise. We went through almost all the websites to figure out how many social share icons, types of social share icons are present across the site. How is the menu design different? Like if you see a few examples, this is what it is. So one, two, three menu items look very different, and then we suggested it should be consistent. Likewise, example two, paragraphs on different website of the same brand look very different. We wanted them to be looking like that. Sample three, see the difference in the social share icons. We wanted to have them look very similar, right? So all this exercise of probably, it was around a month of exercise. We came up with a laundry list of what all components design elements they had on the website. So we prepared a laundry list. We shared it with the designer, and what the designer did was this was the step three. They came up with a Figma file, right? Figma file had all the components designed, and this became the holy grail for the developers to develop a design system. We had text, all the possibilities of mapping a text, buttons labels, what are the possible forms, what are the possible navigations, blocks, images, everything was developed. How will that, so we had asked that it should be basically compatible with three viewports. So even on mobile, how is the design element going to behave, on desktop, what it is going to be like. So everything was there in Figma file. This became the source of truth for us, and then we reached to the step four, which was defining the technology, how to go about converting this UI toolkit into a design system, right? So we chose Storybook. So Storybook is an open source tool, and it is basically, you have the sandbox there, you can test your design system on Storybook. We use, for UI components, we use HTML CSS. For functional components, we use HTML CSS and JS. Drupal, as I told, and we use Acquiasite Studio for component building inside the Drupal platform. We had Figma for UI library, Storybook, as I told you, right? But why, what is the approach that we took to build the Storybook design system? So we took a ground up approach, which was probably a proven approach before we started. Ground up approach means, as I told earlier, right? So you have to work on the atom first. You can't quickly, the developers can't quickly go and start developing the templates, right? So you have to start building the atoms first. What do I mean by atoms, right? You have to build the typography first. You have to build the buttons first. You have to build the dropdowns first, right? So the smaller elements will build first and then we attempted the molecules. Molecules basically mean, like if I talk about the search functionality, you have the field, you have the search CTA. This together forms a molecule, right? So those were built. How is that going to look like in mobile? How is that going to look like on desktop? That was built with that search. How's the menu coming up? The hero section coming up. So all that together was called an organism. So that was built after the molecules. And further, this helped in building templates, right? Block template. This is how the block template can look like. So it will have all the organisms put together. This was step four. And these are the essential add-ons we used. Very important add-ons that we used in the storybook. The viewport, which was helpful in basically adjusting the dimensions of iframe. And you can probably see how your designs are going to look on different type of viewports, right? Mobile desktop iPad of a specific device size. A, 1-1-y was used to check the accessibility of each component. Doc's feature was, as I showed in the screenshot, was to transform your storybook stories into component documentation. HTML, it provides the compiled HTML for each component. RTL was used basically to write to left toggle option was available because of this. So we were able to do that testing. And language switcher was used to basically test each and every component that we developed in storybook. How's that going to behave in any specific language? So we had all these Burmese, Thais, and I mean there were I think some 27 languages that we were testing each component against. Some key consideration that we took and we learned during the process of developing this design system was, and it is a great learning that I would like to share, that we have to consider the responsiveness of each component when we are developing these components inside a storybook. It is very important, we miss out on this, but very important, we have to think of grid system. We chose FlexBase Foundation Firework. This was a very lightweight framework, so probably helped us in the performance bit as well. Java, script and jQuery usage, I mean probably I'll not be able to answer all the technical questions related to this, but yes, minified versions of these were used while we were actually developing the design system. We used documentation within storybook, so all the component level documentation was like, if you have to use a paragraph, we had the HTML, CSS all written or available and then you can how to copy paste, how to use it, every documentation was available with each component inside the storybook, and then best coding practices, naming conventions, styling, modular coding, use of SVGs, so these were a few practices that we started, we started our journey with, right? We did a lot of research that we don't falter in between and we have to do a lot of rework, so from the beginning we kept note of all these things which helped us in the long journey. We adhere to Google HTML CSS style guide and we were very mindful of the folder structure, extra F, you can ignore the extra F, be mindful of folder structure in the design system, right? So eventually this design system is a public URL if you want, right, or it can be private as well, it's a URL that goes out to the developers who are going to use your design system if they are spinning off a new website, so if you want to put that into public domain or even in the private domain, you have to be very, you have to have a very user friendly navigation on the left-hand side, right? You should be able to define everything in the right order, so you should be very mindful of that, right? And this is basically the last step, right? You integrate your design system with your product, we integrated the design system with Acvia side studio on Drupal platform and the design system is up and running now. We have already observed a few business benefits, we have faster to go to market, achieve through simplified and accelerated development of digital assets, so now this client can spin off a new website in a few days, which was an exercise of a month or two earlier, now they can just quickly spin off a website without spending too much time on front-end development. Maximum component reusability for creating websites and microsites, I already talked about that, an improved brand recognition, all these 200 plus websites, now they look like they're a family, everything is very consistent, the buttons, styles, everything look like it's from the same parent brand. Improved brand recognition, creating engaging experience across geographical locations, so India website looks very similar to what is there in Canada. You get to know that they are from the same family and the frictional experience for designers and developers like through a unified user interface. So yeah, that's largely it. I'm open for questions if you want to ask anything. Do you use Figma for prototyping or do you use another tool to test your models you build at Figma? So the design team used Figma for prototyping as well, but eventually the final product that I was talking about here, the UI library which had the final designs was also made in Figma. So different bug spaces, but the front end developers used a different bug space which was the final output of this exercise which I talked about, right? So prototyping, yes, so we do use Figma. Thank you. Hi, I'm not sure if I understood but you're talking about 200 websites following the same design systems. So my question is how different can the website be? Are we talking just about color, not being the same or typography or go deeper to, I don't know, layout, animation, if you have any examples maybe or something? Right, so we had, your question is very logical, right? So we had this problem while we were doing the research, right? While we were going through these microsites and main websites of each country. We got to know that there are a lot of design elements but the problem, the core problem was that every site had different look and feel, right? It was not looking like as if it belongs to a parent company as such, right? So that was the core of the problem, right? And that is what we were trying to solve. So we figured out that, yeah, the paragraph styling in the website of Vietnam is very different from what is in Egypt. We collated all that, right? And we shared it with the designer. Look, this is what it is right now. And you have to come up with something which can be consistent, can be used across all and looks good all on. So that was the need that we have to make every site look similar, right? And we don't miss out on any of such design element on any of these sites. So that research was very extensive. We went through all the website, all the possible pages. But yes, as you asked, right? Like if it was a blog, right? If it's a blog, it has to look similar on all the countryside or macro site. That was the ask, right? If it looks different, then it is a problem. But visually different is a different thing. And if you say, like, if you restrict, say, Egyptian website, not to have a hero image because I've made the template, that was not the case. So you can introduce new elements. You can include a header, you can include a paragraph based on your need, but it has to look similar to what it has been designed in the design system, right? You can change the template. So it was available in the Acquia site studio. We mapped every component with the design system that we made. So people in the back end can go and choose what they want on their template and can design their pages, right? So but everything which came out eventually to the front end users, it gave a feeling that, yeah, the fonts are not different. I mean, buttons are consistent. Is the layout might be different? Yeah, that face. Yeah. Are there variations on each of the components? Yes. Located for? Yes, you said animations, right? Yeah. Submit button had three kinds. The need was to have submit button of three kinds. On contact us button, it should have an animation going from left to right, right? On probably a page where you download something, it was a need that if you change, the color should change from lighter red to darker red. So three variations were made. And now you have an option while you're making the webpage to choose any three of those. And the guidelines documentation actually defined which has to be used on which page. But yes, it was so holistic that now people are using it with ease, right? Without spending too much time on developing the same thing on a different country's website or anything of that sort. Yes, thank you. Just a small clarification, what happened afterwards? So you have been hired by this client to build this amazing design system and then all the sites are unified and then who maintains it, who inherited, who takes care of updating it and using it, is it still you or is it like on the client side, they have a design team that they were acquiring or using this design system? Our involvement basically is over. So that's the beauty of the project, right? So our involvement was over at the time we delivered. So the experience of the backend, if you are a blogger, we train them that this is how you should actually blog, right? You go in the backend, choose this content type, choose the header, choose the paragraph, drag, drop, drag, drop, make your page, submit and it's live. And that's the experience that every country's editor has, right, and Acquia Site Studio, thanks to that, has helped us in doing that. So now the designer, even the designer of this client actually comes into the picture when they need to have a new design element made, right? You and nobody has thought about it as of now. Now they need to have a carousel, for example, right? Which they did not have. The designer comes in, makes that, pushes that to a design system. The code, HTML, CSS, everything is written there. And then basically it goes to the backend and people start using it, right? This is the only involvement we have now. I think I'm getting a bit short for the next, yeah. Thanks, yeah. Thank you everyone. Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you.