So, dear colleagues, friends, and guests, today I come before you and it is a somewhat difficult task of offering a tribute to the professional accomplishments of my former boss, my mentor, my colleague, and my friend David Swanson. I say it's somewhat difficult in that it is a challenge to summarize the accomplishments of a lifetime of achievement in a few minutes with a few PowerPoint slides, but I'll do my best. First and foremost, let me say that this is not a eulogy. David is very much alive, but he's not well. He's had a significant decline in his health as of late to the point that he's basically homebound. He uses a wheelchair to get around and he's getting help from hospice for the many challenges associated with his declining health. He suffers both from the disease process of sarcoidosis and from the toxicity associated with treatment. From my perspective, he has the worst of all worlds. His mind is still very sharp and intact, but his body has failed him. He has progressive pulmonary disease and he's been turned down for a lung transplant. He's accepted his fate and realizes that it's just a question of time, yet he perseveres. He knows that I'm giving this tribute and is probably watching on YouTube, so I really better watch what I say from here on out. I want to talk a little bit about his life. David was born on the south side of Chicago. He received his undergraduate education at Carleton College in Northfield, Minnesota. From there he moved on to Philadelphia to attend medical school at the University of Pennsylvania. After graduating from medical school, David moved to Torrance, California for his internship in one year of general surgery training at Harbor General Hospital. His journey in life was temporarily placed on hold while he served his country as a captain in the U.S. Army Medical Corps for one year in Vietnam, followed by one year in Fort MacArthur and San Pedro, California. David went on to do his urology residency at the University of California, Davis. In 1976, Dr. Swanson moved to Houston, Texas to do a fellowship in urologic oncology under the direction of Dr. Douglas E. Johnson. He was the first fellow in the Department of Urology ever. His focus was on immunology with a special focus on the treatment of kidney cancer. This is me with a picture of Doug Johnson, the first chairman of urology at M.D. Anderson. I actually have an endowed professorship in his name and he just passed away last year. He was a very enigmatic character from what I can gather. Many of you know the name of Willet Whitmore, who is the chair of urology at Sloan Kettering. He was very charismatic, very quotable and remains relevant to this day. He has a name lecture at SUO. Doug Johnson was his contemporary at M.D. Anderson. By all accounts, Dr. Johnson was a fantastic surgeon, took great care of patients, but his people skills and ability to promote himself were somewhat lacking, which is why most of you have never heard of him. From all I can gather, Dr. Swanson has a kind of love-hate relationship with him that I still don't understand. He was complicated, but suffice it to say, Dr. Johnson had a huge influence on David's approach to the treatment of cancer that he passed on to his trainees. It is notable to say that David spent his entire career at M.D. Anderson. He started off as the first trainee ever in the Department of Urology, doing a year of research in immunology as it related to kidney cancer, followed by a clinical year under the tutelage of Dr. Johnson. He culminated his career as our chairman for seven years, a tribute to his hard work, his mentorship, and the support of his family. From my perspective, this is the dynamic duo. David was the Robin to Andy's Batman. Andy had the big vision and saw the future. David was content to focus on the details of the day-to-day operations and made sure that the machine worked. Their collaborative relationship is directly responsible for why our program has grown to the stature that it is today and why our fellowship is so competitive. They complimented each other and made each other better. Of course, David is not just the professional dynamo that I've characterized to date. He, like all of us, had a better half that helped him be all he could be. He used to say to me, Chris, you know, I got married late in life. He was a longstanding bachelor and I'm sure it took some significant adjustments on his part to make life with another successful. Kareena is his anchor. His yang to her yang. She is in many ways like him, but enough different to make him interesting to her. And they found each other at a time that worked for them both. Along came their son, Eric. I don't know if he was a surprise or planned, but you can almost imagine.  It looks like David attended the birth between cases at MD Anderson. Eric has been their only child. And through the years, I've heard about the trials and tribulations, successes and failures. But overall, I believe David feels blessed with a wonderful son, and most recently, a fantastic daughter-in-law. Eric didn't choose a path in medicine, but rather journalism. My sense is he takes more after his mother than his father, much to everyone's relief. As David enters the twilight of his career, he, like I'm sure all of us, must sit back and reflect on his accomplishments. Did I have an impact? Did I make a difference? Has my life mattered? And I've heard from both Dr. Vanessa Mbak, as well as David himself, that he's concerned about his legacy, and whether or not his achievements make his life notable for success. You can see from this slide that he has certainly been a productive academic. But admittedly, these are just numbers. And as you can see from the next side that David sent me, which he thinks is hilarious, by the way, numbers could be made to show anything. It may not be a true representation of one's contribution in life. This is supposedly a real sign he found on a Colorado roadway. This is how I remember meeting Dr. Swanson my first day as an interview at MD Anderson. There were stacks all over his office, slides, magazines, papers, yet he was extremely organized and knew where everything was. The paper on the cork board was his life, organized down to the minute. He was warm and inviting to me, and I'm not going to lie, I was a bit intimidated. Here was this legend in urology sitting across from me, asking about my family and my future. In the interest of full disclosure, David did have a bit of a bark in the OR, but definitely no bite. He was a great surgeon, he demanded much of his trainees, and cared much for his patients. He was precise, detail-oriented, and expected us to be our best. I learned much from him that I continued to practice to this day, and I think that's actually a young Chris Evans working with him in the OR. He looks like he might even be happy to be there. This is one of my favorite pictures that I have in my office too this day. Talk about being surrounded by greatness. Dr. Novick and David were great friends and contemporaries. This was when Dr. Novick was our invited Van Eschenbach lecturer. Sadly, he passed away a couple of years later, but I'm still incredulous that I was selected by the KCA to give a lecture in his name. David was consistently voted one of the best doctors in America. He also was awarded the very prestigious Faculty Achievement Award by his peers at MD Anderson. This is a much sought after award by clinicians at MD Anderson as it represents recognized excellence in the care of patients by the very people you work alongside with. Here are the remarks that David made at his acceptance of the award, kind of odd that they would be typed up so fancy, but more about that later. He attended the ceremony with his mother and his family, truly a great day in his life when he was honored by those he worked with. Academic urology provided David the opportunity to travel the world and see things he never dreamed of. Here's an action photo when he was in his prime. Couldn't resist showing just a little bit of skin. He lived life to the fullest while he was still capable. Karine told me that David Bose, he's been to 37 countries all over the globe as a consequence of his international stature, a much sought after lecturer that cultivated international relationships. I learned from the best. I still struggle with the idea that he could possibly question his value and whether or not his life made a difference. I mean, look at these accomplishments. Deputy chairman, medical director, chairman, influencing the lives of so many fellows and residents that have gone on to greater glory. He gave authoritative lectures around the globe, many focused on advancing our knowledge on the treatment of kidney cancer. While it can be challenging to look at the breadth of one's work and contributions and identify the single most important contribution one made to the field, I have no doubt that David would hone in directly on what he must consider his crowning glory. He hired me. I must confess I have to laugh a little bit about that. It was actually Dr. Vaughn that promised me the job. He then promptly resigned as chair. David was under no obligation to hire me. I had no contract, no discussion of salary, nothing. And yet he honored that commitment and saw some value in me. He served us well as chairman and then after 29 years of his continuous service to MD Anderson, he retired. Here he is hugging the babes at his retirement party. Always the ladies' man. He bought a retirement home in the Blue Ridge Mountains on the border of North and South Carolina town called Glassie. He loves it there. It's his beloved retreat from the rest of the world. I must confess I was worried about him retiring. I never saw this David sleeping on a hammock, doing nothing, watching the world go by. I honestly didn't think he had it in him to relax and still be happy. Drinking his beloved wine, no, he doesn't own a vineyard, he'd drink all the profits and content to rest on his laurels. I was really worried that this inactivity would make him withdraw from the world and that his illness would progress and take him from us quickly. Well, thankfully no one could be more wrong than me. Unburdened by the pressures of command, he rallied. In collaboration with Steve Frank from the Department of Radiation Oncology, he reinvigorated our Breakey Therapy Program for prostate cancer and continued to be productive academically. But I would be remiss if I didn't give you some insight into the man behind the legend. These are some quotes that I still quote to the fellows to this day. I remember presenting a horrible case to him of a young patient with horrible disease, poor performance status, who was sent to me for side-reductive surgery and I agonized over whether or not the tumor was receptable and I wanted to do the right thing by the patient. His response, if you can't look good, why look bad? In the operating room, he was famous for saying things like, I think you might want to consider dissecting it this way or approaching a surgical problem in a certain way. Translation, do it my way or else.  Only to do it myself time and time again. I actually flew to Korea for less than 24 hours, a very dubious badge of honor. And I remember this quote from when I transitioned from fellow to attending. My response was of course, thank you Dr. Swanson. I think I can count the number of times I've called him David to his face on one or two hands. I just have too much respect for him to let that go. I'm gonna finish up with some Swansonisms. These are my observations of the man I've come to know and respect and yet still managed to make fun of.  He's actually paying for the dinner with because he tries to savor every bite and it takes forever.  He actually had a shirt that said is there a hyphen and anal retentive. He is one of the most anal retentive guys I know. He had yellow stickies all over his office with all kinds of notes and yet he knew where everything was. He is the only person I know who wrote down, rehearsed his own spontaneous remarks. He's a stalker on clinic station. That's our electronic medical record. I literally could call him on Monday, Monday evening and he'd say to me, how was that second case? How did that go? I mean he watched everything. If he liked you, you could do no wrong. He didn't like you, you could do no right. So in conclusion, his legacy, he remained, he provided tremendous sentinel contributions to urologic oncology and kidney cancer in particular. He educated and trained the next generation of urologic oncologists. He gave selflessly of his time and energy to causes he believed in like the Kidney Cancer Association and he touched and saved the lives of thousands of patients. Oh yeah and he hired me. This is his email address. He would love it if you reached out to him. Don't feel sad for him. He's had a great life but he would love it if you communicated with him. So please join me in celebrating a great life and tremendous contributions of one of my heroes. Thank you.


We are under the lights this evening as we get you set for another edition of baseball on the show tonight An intriguing matchup between the Pittsburgh Pirates and the New York Yankees Interlake baseball comes your way next Masahiro Tanaka the right-hander from Japan will get the starting assignment in this one then please act What's the word on him? Well, this guy certainly could be one of those horses for courses kind of guy Loves pitching at home. Take a look at those home road splits. They're pretty good without question He's more comfortable pitching at home than he is on the road Standing in Kevin Newman. He's assuming the role of DH in this interleague matchup Yeah, Matt, that's one of the funny things about National League teams playing in ale ballparks All of a sudden the lineup kind of changes dramatically But the cool thing is it gets more guys a chance to get some at bats or time in the field First pitch of the at bat Breaking ball that time that misses out of the zone and as the Yankees get started here tonight guys It dropped another one last time out and in fact they've won just twice in their last eight tries Yeah, Maddie if they're gonna clean up their recent trend right now They're gonna have to find a way for it to start on the mound They can't go out like last game and allow a bunch of runs and not play sound defense behind them Both those things are gonna have to change if this team is gonna get it going in the right direction Even at a ball in a strike. Here's the pitch Hit back up the middle for his picks it up throws in time and that's out number one Set to get his evening at the plate started Adam Frazier And it's been a real struggle for him with the bats so far this year looking to get things turned around in a hurry First pitch on its way Well, that's a knockout playing here in his age 31 season his contract is set to expire at the end of this season So he may end up hitting the market this winter. I'll tell you what boys. I'd like to be this guy's agent He's approaching free agency is one of the best players in our game He's lived up to everyone's expectations and I expect him to get absolutely paid this offseason Hit out towards second this one over to first and he gets his man for the second out Stepping into the box Brian Reynolds first chance for him here in the top of the first with nobody on and the pitch And there is our officiating crew in this one calling balls and strikes. Mr. Freddy Ferguson Hey D. Row you better be ready to swing particularly at that low pitch Freddy Ferguson low ball umpire Yeah, it makes it tough on the offense I was a guy who liked the low ball But that usually means those guys are susceptible to that slider in the dirt You have to see the ball up and this guy doesn't give you a chance No contact there and it's one and two In my opinion one of the toughest pitches in the game to square up just a heavy sinker with good downward action And it's two balls and two strikes now And this one runs in on him as he can't get his arms extended a great pitch there and the inning is over One two three go the Pirates and now the Yankees will see what they can do no score Jamison Tyon will be on the mound for the buckos. What do you have for us on him Danny?  You know Matty V It's not easy to do even though this is a mini two-game set to win two games on the road D row a lot easier said than done Yeah, you walk in here You take the plane flight in saying if we could work a split one one We'd feel good about getting on the plane and getting out of here But all bets are off once you win the first one you want to complete the sweep two balls in a strike now to the Yankees lead-off man Here's the two one home Having a little trouble finding the zone to start the night It's always deflating to walk the lead-off guy in the game So we'll see if he can initiate some contact here chopper to short Bear handed at his knees how about that? And that'll bring up Aaron judge first shot for him here and he brings in a batting average of up near the 330 mark on the season wow this guy's off to a blazing start catching a lot of people by surprise It's still early. We'll have to see if he can keep this up through the rest of the year Ready to deliver. Here's the first pitch Judge is simply an all-around great defensive outfielder not only does he have great range and great hands He's also got a plus arm one that base runners and base coaches certainly have to be mindful of Absolutely when you are in the meeting room preparing for this guy, it is the first thing that jumps off the page Do not take the extra base Into the wind-up here comes the O2 pitch One out nobody on Swung on and hit pretty well out to deep left field Solar home run there for Aaron judge home run number nine on the year as the Yankees will grab a one-to-nothing lead Yeah, we always talk about how important it is to spot your starter or run it to early in the game And he does just that blasting a no doubt bomb that serves notice They're going to be swinging with the wood here no better way to get the home crowd into it right out of the gates Jim chrono Stanton now as he takes a fastball off the plate for a ball one and all And he's a guy looking to break out in a big way Hasn't been getting the results he or his club have been hoping for the 1-0 popped him up Well, he hauls it in without any trouble and there are two away That's exactly what they wanted out of that pitch up They took them up the ladder and he couldn't get up to it. So that was an easy pop-out will execute a pitch there So striding in Gary Sanchez first shot for him here two hits in five trips a night ago In field in the over shift here now the pitch Two out nobody on a little bit low that time maybe outside as well One and two now is that one's fouled off This one's outside quite a bit off the plate that time Looks like that bomb earlier in any kind of put this pitcher on the defensive that being very aggressive right now Get hard up the middle a diving effort as it's off his glove and not really much of a chance to recover there As you'll reach first on what undoubtedly will be scored as an infield single Bring in Giovanni Urschella. He swings and sends a bullet to right field and that's in there base hit And that runner will go no further than second is there are two aboard now Are you got to be frustrated if you're on a mountain trying to go elevated heater right there and blow some cheese by him And he's able to scramble it and drive it the other way for a base hit Nice job by the hitter to get the barrel to that base and that'll bring up Tyler Wayne So fall behind here as he goes after a fastball that might have been out of his own at strike one This is exactly the situation you drew up from an offensive standpoint good pitcher on the mound But you got a chance to bury him early in this one Come set the 01 that's lifted the other way out to left Frasier is there and he'll put it away to retire the side I Have to imagine there's a full moon tonight judging by this bunch the three of us returned with more Wednesday night baseball After this that'll bring up Josh Bell and as we give you a look at his splits He said the better of right-handers this season no doubt about that Ready with the first pitch here it comes The 1-0 fouled away it's two balls and a strike to Josh Bell Well Yankee stadium, of course features a number of nods to the great history of the organization and its legendary players But apparently when you hit 52 home runs as a rookie you rightfully get your own cheering section built in your name What a magical year 2017 was for Aaron judge the slogan all rise fit him perfectly What's really cool about it was Yankees weren't even sure he was going to make the team going out of spring training He emerged into the scene was the talk of baseball going into the all-star break Finished that off with a powerhouse into the season one of the best young players the game of baseball seen in a long time All rise Aaron judge And that misses for ball four so it's a lead-off walk here to start the second So digging in now Colin Moran as he'll get his first opportunity in this one on the stretch Here's the pitch a Board here at first with nobody out Breaking ball that's in the dirt as he takes a ball Moran Originally from New York State. It was a first-round pick back in the draft of 2013 Yeah, he has turned himself into a really nice ball player I wouldn't put them on a superstar level, but you know what they didn't miss with this pick either You go into high rounds and you carve out a career the way this guy has nice pick balls in a strike here It comes Got to find a way to get back in his own I know you're in danger of losing both to walks But certainly don't miss over the heart of the plate and have this guy gap one or even worse hit a two-run homer Set here's the three one Try to crush that ball and now perhaps needs to shorten up with two strikes of the three and two pitch Full count still Seventh pitch of the at bat coming up. He struck him out My man on the mound has just got great strikeout stuff working for him these days looking back at his last heart He racked up nine K's and now he's looking like he could put up similar numbers in this one Here's Gregory Polanco as he'll take a look at a slider here that misses for ball one First swings for him in this one with a runner still at first and one gone He pops him up back behind second base Torres ranges back and he has it for route number two Second base Striding in Kevin Kramer it was a three-hit effort from him last night. So he was a big part of that victory Here comes the first pitch Yankees lead this one to nothing here in inning number two We ground her back to the mound Throw to first in plenty of time and the side is retired one left for Pittsburgh. It remains one nothing Riding into the box or is set to lead off the home half of the second Offering on its way Squared that one up just a little late and control O2 now Torres 23 years old. He's in his third season as a major league player Yankees shortstop behind in the count one and two He didn't look overly fooled right there because a lot of pitchers will go to the breaking stuff Oh and two but he certainly looked ready for a breaker on that pitch The one and two pitch This is it high in the air out toward left center Reynolds is on the move for it He gets there to make the play for the first out of the inning The plate Mike Ford you'll get to take his first cuts here pitch on the way Fastball off the plate away. It's ball one Well should be 2 and 0 but he goes way out of the zone to go after that one and it's even one and one I'm sure the boys are gonna blow him up in the clubhouse for that ugly swing right here But he has a chance to regroup take a deep breath take a step out of the box and know you got a few to play with Count is one and two now tough fastball that time, but he hangs with it to stay alive Faces are empty one man breaking ball misses the corner two balls and two strikes He might have to look for a different way to put this guy away on 2-2. He's already seen the curve ball a couple of times So he might be looking for it late on that one is it's foul off to the left side another 2-2 offering You can certainly tell at bats like this one Frustrate the heck out of a pitcher, but you got to find a way to stay composed and execute your plan Here's the two-scene fastball that bears in a bit too tight. It's ball for Well, he battled to get it to a 3-2 count but that pitch wasn't even close now He's got a man on with one out. So he's got a focus on trying to get the ground ball Here's Miguel and a hard now first shot for him here with a runner at first now in one away as a look now the pitch Runner at first here one man out, but it's two and oh It's a lot easier to hit when you're putting yourself in good hitters counts This guy's done a great job not swinging at pitchers pitches and when he's getting the ball in his own He's getting the barrel to it. He's been hot lately Now the two oh home Well, he really needs to make this guy swing the bat right here He's not the type of hitter you want to dance around with Popped him up and he'll stay with it to put it away as they get their man here for the second hour The center fielder Back to the top of the order now and up next the left-handed hitting Brett Gardner. He's sat here. It comes The 1-0 This is skied into the air to straight away center Reynolds has it for out number three one left for the Yankees we play two innings. It's one to nothing Leading off the inning Eric Gonzalez as they'll look to get something going here and even this game up First pitch of the at bat the 1-0 is looked at for ball number two Not a great spot to be in right here 2 and 0 But I'm not so sure why he's pitching this guy so cautiously a bottom of the order guy You don't normally see getting pitch like this This is on the ground over to first Reigned in and he'll step on first for the out three unassisted And with that we'll give you a quick look at our current standings in the AL East Jacob Stallings will be the next hitter comes off an 0 for 4 in last night's ball game First delivery to him on the way Ready with the nothing in one pitch Hit the other way out toward right field judges under it and he makes the catch for the second out Now that Ready for another chance Kevin Newman 0 for 1 for him here in this one first pitch coming here it is And here's a called strike at the knees don't think he'd like that one too much, but it's 0 and 1 a 1-1 count to the Pirates leadoff hitter now pitch on the way His put-in play to the right side of the infield he's got it throw to first to get him easily in the side is retired Down in order go the Pirates they trail this one one to nothing As the Yankees prepare for their third turn through the order fans of the Bronx bombers have been treated to quite a bit of production From this lineup so far this year within the league They ranked among the leaders in batting average on base percentage and Slugging when asked about their offense the players I talked with all brought up how multi-faceted their talent is Saying they've got guys that can spray the ball around guys that work counts and draw walks And of course plenty of guys that can go deep and drive in runs their numbers certainly confirm that guys All right. Thanks, Heidi Missed and he's behind 0 and 2 The MO of this pitcher in the early going is certainly establishing the inside part of the play He has been dominant. Sometimes you just got to tip your hat if a guy can effectively Consistently pitch inside like he is here's the one and two delivery Blind to shortstop and there's one away Those striding forward now Giancarlo Stanton so far 0 for 1 with a flyout First delivery to him on the way Well on out nobody on and he bangs it in the center field for a base hit I think there's any justice in the game watch those two at bats To the box now Gary Sanchez Swing and a line drive and that's in for his second hit of the afternoon Runners at the corners following the one-out single Dan this guy's on fire used to say all the time it's about a hundred and fifty ab's to 200 ab's Will you start figuring out what type of season you're gonna have he's obviously in May and he's on fire D-roll He's been locked in from day one of this season. It's continuing right now Anything that is around the strike zone He feels he can get the barrel to it and he continues to hit line drives One for one after a single this first time up over the top with that curve ball and it's 0 and 2 With one out and runners on the corners some managers like to hit run here It's a little risky, but it can help you stay out of the double play if it's well executed the O2 pitch He lays off the pitch outside as they draw even at two and two All right, no more hoping he's gonna chase. It's two and two now You've got to come up with the best pitch right here because this is definitely a strikeout situation kicks and deals Wow, this is a pretty good at bat right here from down in the count Oh and to to work the count back to three and two and he's seen a lot of pitches, too Looking with the fastball is that had some to see movement to it too gone It's never a good look to strike out looking, but it's way worse when you do it with a guy in scoring position Those are the times you really want to see a guy battle and at least put the ball in play But now to the plate Tyler Wayne Left side, but well foul to on two out for him here in the third He set the 01 and he fouls this one off Runners on first and third two away, and he'll just waste one there one and two Man a pitcher left the guy off easy right there that old two pitch wasn't even close I'd rate that as a non-competitive pitch the set and the one to Well outside with the curve ball for a ball check swing But that's in there for strike three anyway, and the inning is over back-to-back strikeouts keep them out of danger The three of us returned with more Wednesday night baseball after this So here's Adam Frazier comes into this at bat 0 for one in the ball game First pitch of the at bat fastball down below the knees now the two oh To short throw to first in time one gone here in the fourth So the next to the plate for Pittsburgh Brian Reynolds looking to put the ball in play here He went down on strikes in his first at bat. Yeah, and kind of shocked he got blown away with a fastball You could tell he was late on that one And we'll see if he tries to cheat to something this a big one and oh the count Now the pitch There's a swing and a high deep drive headed for the right field corner, but it bends just fouled into the second deck a One-on-one count. Here's the pitch This is pulled into right And the Pirates are in the hit column Naka jumps ahead of him here at strike one Drew a base on balls his first time up a count of one and one to the Pirates first baseman And he takes ball two and it's two and one No runs just one hit and no errors so far for the Pirates And he lays off again ball three. I can't tell you how big a pitch The last one was the difference between three one and two two two two You're probably taking a turn for the dugout That one is a cold strike because he's rebounded to run it full now three and two Hey now. He's got me confused up here This is a known sinker ball around on the mound trying to roll a double play and he throws him a four-seemer And he lays off here a nice job. It's ball for first and second now with one away Well, they've struggled offensively in this one so far But after that walk they've got runners at first and second and look ready to make a little noise Just need a big hit now Stepping in Colin Moran as he'll look to bring home that tying run from second with a base hit into the outfield First pitch on its way Weighing in a miss on the slider nothing in one Quite an interesting outing up to this point we had into the middle innings He's pitching quite well, but you look at his first pitch strike percentage less than 40 percent That's gonna be something he's gonna need to clean up moving forward Ready with the 01 lays off the slider and it's one and one For pitches here it is Has to be a challenge pitch coming up here. He probably doesn't want to flirt with loading the bases misses three and one now Team's been struggling on offense. Let your D work for you right here pound the zone bullet to first base Now with the plate Gregory Polanco, he's over one thus far first pitch of the at bat on its way No runs just one hit and no errors so far for the pirates The other way is this is hit high and deep out to straight away left and oh he missed a home run by a matter of Feet it's off the wall Related the plate and not in time as the second-run scores Wow, what a great piece of hitting here as he took a big swing at that one I'll almost got it out of here for a three-run blast, but he'll be happy with a two-run double as well Yeah, he's not happy either way But I'm sure the man on the mound is more than a bit relieved that that hit didn't turn into something worse Plate now Kevin Kramer and so take a look at a slider here that finds the zone for strike one Runner in scoring position with two gone line drive to left And he'll get there in plenty of time to put this one away and that ends the inning So it's two runs on two hits no errors in a runner left to the bottom of any number four we go Pittsburgh leads this one two to one Just about set to go for the last of the fourth, but before we do that here's Heidi Watney Thanks Matt. I talked with the Yankees manager Aaron Boone during the break about the team's offensive performance so far and Flat out. He was very pleased with the quality of their at-bats. Yes They've only scored one run, but he said they've done a great job of forcing the pitch count up And he thinks that's gonna lead to more offense for them as this game goes on Okay, thank you, Heidi Ready now. Torres. He flew out of his last ad-bam Now pitch on the way of all the no strikes two pitches off the mark here, it's two and all Here's the pitch and that's a base hit. Hey guys, that's a well executed slider down the way right there The batter just did an amazing job of staying inside the baseball and driving it the other way to the plate now Mike Ford Yes, he pops the first pitch foul behind the plate reach base via the walk in his first plate appearance Here's the pitch Misses high it's one and one big curve ball for the strike out there and that came after an absolute Missile of a fastball even if you recognize the breaking ball out of the pitchers hand It's so hard for hitters to sit back long enough after they've seen a really good fastball Only the best can keep their hands back on those And that'll bring up Miguel and do hard as he'll look at a fastball too high for ball one Over one after a pop out in foul territory is first time through. Let's hit the third five four Three on a nice dig at first and the inning is over Around the horn they go five to four to three to end the threat the three of us returned with more Wednesday night baseball After this that'll bring up Eric Gonzalez The good guy Eric Now here's the pitch Hit out towards second fielded cleanly And the fifth inning will start with a ground out one away And so after getting the ground ball with the fastball on that last pitch That'll segue perfectly to our pitch speed comparison for these two starters And you can see a five mile an hour difference on their best fastball there 97 on one hand to 92 on the other Now to the plate jake of stallings flight out in his first half bat. So make him 0 for 1 so far Here's the pitch now a fastball on the inside corner and he takes a look at strike one Here's a late swing and a miss strike to His command has been outstanding so far hitting nearly all of the spots And that's been a big factor why he's been so successful up to this point Fifth inning two to one our score and it's fouled away the next oh to Swung on and missed he got him on strikes Pretty textbook pitching right there jump ahead and account O2 and then start working outside the zone easier said than done But that's the way to do it Stepping in now Kevin Newman This he'll watch a slider that runs out of the strike zone away for ball one He's 0 for 2 in the ball game so far the 1 and 0 delivery Sometimes it can be difficult for a pitcher you're facing a guy that's not known to be a big stick in the lineup Sometime the toughest thing is to be aggressive and throw strikes 2 and 1 now Great job of doubling up for the fastball inside a lot of times You'll see a pitcher go in there, but they won't go back in there a second time. This guy's not afraid to pitch inside Bases are empty here with two men out Any misses low here so the count goes to three and one Adam Frasier would be next ball for Adam Frasier man at first after the two-out wall from the stretch to out with the man at first And there he goes towards second pitches a cold strike the throw and he'll be tagged out at second base Trying to get into scoring position But instead the inning is over another look at the throw down that results in a third out on the bases The three of us returned with more Wednesday night baseball after this Here's Brett Gardner now he's bounced out and flown out in his first two-played appearances Here's the pitch The fastball here is he'll take a look at ball one one and oh he misses low with it two and oh Get hard on the ground to the right This will get through in the right and he's aboard with a single Hidden two tries for him so far. I'm sensing a hit and run may be on a move to first Nobody outrunner on first Fastball well outside, but the 2-0 pitch. That's a great call right there fastball away with a guy Who's got some jets on first base almost like a hybrid pitch out great for a catcher if that guy's running Easy transfer throw to second base comes the 3-0 That's a tough curveball right there to stay into as a lefty hitter that ball looks like it's almost going to hit you And it breaks over the inside half of the plate three in one pitch He loses him on ball for Well boy, that's a tough one for the pitcher. He's definitely wondering where the heck was that bitch I think he called it high but our strike zone says otherwise And digging into the batter's box next will be Giancarlo Stanton a flyout and a single forum so far First offering on its way swaying the line drive And this will get over the wall in fact, so just the one run will be allowed to score Really unfortunate there obviously the runner at second base was going to score easily But it's possible they could have waved the runner round from first as well We'll never know though as he's forced to hold the runner at third because of the ground rule double at the plate Gary Sanchez As you watch a slider that stays inside for ball one two hits in two trips more and thus far Runs a bit inside for a ball Yeah, I think it's pretty clear. They don't want to challenge this guy right here But working around a guy can come back to bite you at times into the corner and slicing foul Runners at second and third here. Nobody out two and two What I love right there is just a freedom in that hack He ain't trying to do anything but hit the baseball as far as he can Swing and a miss on the fastball, and that's the first down Talk about blowing it by a guy. Geez. I mean that fastball was way behind him when the swing came through the zone I have to think he was looking for something off speed and he just couldn't pull the trigger on that fastball Looks at both the decision makers in the dugout will give him a pre-pass to first So the bases are loaded here on the intentional walk and the force play is now in order So stepping in Tyler way he started out the evening 0 for 2 so far liver. Here's the first pitch line toward right center And that's into the outfield for a one-out hit and the score the runner from third Well, that has to feel good as a hitter do you already get that they said to give your team the lead You have to feel good when you get down the first base. Yeah, it's just a nice approach You see him turn to his boys right there and get fired up with the dugout 100% not trying to do too much able to quiet the moment down center himself and come through in a big spot Robbie Irwin is called upon to pitch really needing that double-play ball bases are loaded here with only one man out And that'll bring up Gleber Torres and so look at a breaking ball that misses for ball one a Hidden two at bats for him at this point in the ball game Breaking ball that falls in there for a strike to even things at one and one just follows this one away Working for the punch out and the offering this one's down to third to second for one First and talk about doing the job out of the bullpen one batter two outs and the inning is over So it's two runs on three hits no errors and two left Five innings complete the Yankees are out in front three to two now for the start of the sixth inning And we send it down to Heidi Watney Well Matt I talked with Pittsburgh's manager during the inning break about the pirates offensive production to this point And he told me the quality of their swings needs to improve as the game moves forward He said they've been frustrated hitting into ground out after ground out, but it's up to them to adjust They know they're getting a lot of pitches down in the zone So they either need to learn to lay off or find a way to get under those pitches a little bit more Because clearly the balls on the ground aren't benefiting them in this one All right, thanks, Heidi and that will bring in Adam Frazier and at this point in the game I think it's clear that the plan of attack against the top of the order has worked Well, when you've only surrendered one hit to the top three guys in the order up to this point in the game You know you're doing something right Matt you're spot-on whatever they discussed coming into this game has worked out beautifully Up in a way to start the inning. It's one and all Pitcher wants to have a quick inning right here capitalized on the momentum his batters have two balls and no strikes Got through the fifth. All right, but it looks like he's a little off kilter here to start the sixth No doubt about this one. It's in there three and one You maybe get two pitches a game where all the guesswork goes out the window. This is certainly that situation Pitch to layoff, but he did and it's ball for so the leadoff hitters aboard to start the sixth And this is exactly what you want to do when you're trying to put a start away Make him work his tail off Well, throw a lot of pitches and get on base any way that you can a big eating at this point of the game and he's probably gone Digging in the switch hitter Brian Reynolds. He's one for two in the ballgame that and the pitch Oh and won the count. It's his swing, but this will be strike two call Three twos are scored here in inning number six Misses says the home plate umpire one and two where it misses. I'm not quite sure and on strikes for the second time here tonight Really impressive pitching right there. Sometimes as a pitcher you can get frustrated when you make a good pitch You don't get that ball from the umpire, but what does he do? He comes back with a good pitch and gets the strike Josh Bell As he looks at a fastball that misses off the plate for ball one It was a walk in his last trip and this ball is crushed deep down the right field line And he just couldn't keep that ball fair as it winds up a long foul ball the ballman two strikes Hey, you know in the back of your mind as a batter right here. He's got that nasty sinker I know it's O2, but he might not be looking for the punch out You have to find a way as a batter to get that two-seamer up in his own or you're gonna ground into a double play The one to high fly ball out to straight away center Gardner is there and that's the second out of the inning Now in the box Colin Moran he lined out in his last trip so looking for better fortunes here Yeah, Maddie, but as he walks to the plate right here He feels good building off that last a b. He hit that ball on the screws Line drive to center field Gardner is there and he'll make the catch to retire the side pirates leave one still a three-two ball game Eight Mike Ford he'll leave things off here in this one-run contest He'll shifted well to the right. Here's the first pitch A couple of righties starting to loosen now in the bullpen the wind-up and the 1-0 pitch Berlin once a member of the San Diego Padres organization He became a member of this team after signing as a free agent earlier this season Yeah, he didn't have an opportunity to really get acclimated to this ballclub showing up during the season It's not always easy opening the doors to a big league clubhouse and trying to get to know your teammates The best way to get to know him is to go out and produce here. He comes on a ball in two strikes Filed away all right side straight into the ship and a step on first for the out three unassisted Good pitch right there to run the two seamer in on his hands and bunch him up in an easy ground ball as the result In now is the Yankees DH Miguel Andujar ready to deliver. Here's the first pitch Faces are empty one man out one and one the count now pitch on the way Fastball runs in tight here, and it's two and one bouncer up the middle And that finds its way into center for a one-out base hit It was struggle that time for him in center field and as a result he'll be tagged with the E8 on the play So here's the veteran Brett Gardner his single take strike one on the fastball here. No balls in a strike He's got a hit in three at bats to this point Twing and a miss and they'll dodge a major bullet that time two away I think he had his mind made up He was swinging the bat and trying to protect before the ball even let the pitchers in that wasn't even close He would have needed a flagpole to get that one to the box Aaron judge Yes, he will look at a first pitch fastball for ball one one for two in the ballgame thus far One and oh here it is And maybe a little frustrated on the mound here is the fastball misses for ball two now Tough situation for him right here. I mean he's got an open base So he doesn't have to give in to this guy, but there's definitely danger looming on deck So you can't just completely work around him either Three balls no strikes It'll be interesting if he comes in the zone aggressively again here with the base open He doesn't have to here's the three one and that misses ball four So it's first and second now with two out. Wow, you know, he's not happy with that call when it crossed the plate It sure looked like it's strike to me seem to catch a ton of the plate That's a tough way to give up a walk, but he's got to put it behind him now Coming to the plate now Jean-Carlo Stanton two for three with a double on his line so far Looking to keep this a one-run game the pitch Two down runners at first and second back up the middle field base hit from second to make it four to two now Dan has a former infielder. I apologize for nothing's more frustrating We're upset you more as a defender than making an error and seeing that guy come around the score You know what and that's one of those cases as a pitcher D-roll There's not much you can do listen There are physical and there are mental errors and you just have to as a pitcher Go ahead and look past that now and try to pick up your teammate and try to get it out Anyway, you can he's two for three and looking for more here and to minimize the damage here The first in time and the big inning is avoided as the side is retired a run on two hits for the Yankees Where through six full the Yankees lead it four to two leading off the inning Gregory Polanco And they'll need him to get something going here even though we're moving into the back end of this game They're only down by a couple of runs, you know that old slogan a bloop and a blast. They could certainly use that right now First offering on its way Double-barreled action in the Yankee bullpen now a lefty and a right-hander start to get loose To an oh too tight with that one three and oh Hey leading off an inning in this situation three balls on you You have to know that a solo shots not tying this game up You have to find a way to get on base any way possible and a good take there Is they'll have a lead-off man aboard to start the seventh its ball for man That's a tough one to swallow you're hanging on to a slim lead And the last thing you want to do is give up a lead-off walk seems like those are the ones that always come back to haunt you So we'll see if that's the case here digging in Kevin Kramer He represents the potential tying run if he can launch one or find a way around the bases Yeah, man. I kind of doubt he's thinking about going yard even though that would be the best result They could hope for he's not a long ball threat and he knows it So he could just be looking for some way to keep that line moving Ready with the first pitch here it comes Lying to the right side But this is right at him in right field as he hardly has to move to take it in for the first out Stepping up to the plate Eric Gonzalez. He's 0 for 2 thus far in this one February to him on the way Taken and that one catches the bottom part of the strike zone Now a ball lying to the left side But foul Swung on and lifted in the air to left center Under it now is Stanton to make the catch and there are two away now Into the box now Jacob Stallings no hits in two trips to the plate for him in the ball game Come set here's the nothing and nothing hits Hey, sometimes you have to look at it like it's not how or how many Pitching very well into this one into the late innings and his first pitch strike percentage less than 50 percent He'd like it to be a lot higher than that. He's making it very difficult on himself But he's still getting out Inning goes away in unceremonious fashion on a swing and a miss at a ball way outside the strike zone One left for Pittsburgh. They trail it here four to two Into try it again. Gio Arcella is one for two in this one Number 29 first pitch of the at bat Nope that's down Gets the call on the change up there two and one Gutsy pitch right there Two oh change up for a strike good call by the catcher great execution by the pitcher the two one home High in the air out to center field Reynolds is on the move for it. He gets to it and makes the catch for the first out The batter number 14 Second base man Being in Tyler Wayne, he singled his last time up first pitch of the at bat on its way Hit out towards second oh and he has some trouble with it Geez this is like a routine grounder that just got away from Every school kid knows that you've got to look it all the way into the glove He didn't and now they've got to deal with a one-out base runner Now with one away and that will bring up the exciting middle infieldered labor torrents as a look now the pitch One oh Hey, he threw that pitch with a purpose to get a double play good job to let it go by though as a hitter Seven thinning here at the ballpark four to our score and he won't bite at that one either. It's two and oh Clearly working the bottom of the zone trying to get a ground ball for a double play Two and oh count here it comes popped him up Moran has room in foul territory He's got it and there are two down now Now batter first base man much Four In now Mike Ford over two for him to this point now a move over to first and a dive, but he's back from the stretch Now a fastball a bit too low here It's ball one the one oh runner goes for second. That's a strike to throw down He's in there easily as the throw bounces on the way down It was pretty obvious. He would likely be on the move with two outs And i'm sure the defense knew it too, but he has lightning speed and was able to take the bag anyways one one Bonnie gets him to wave at that one. It's two and two Lifted in the air to center field Reynolds is on the move for it He gets there to make the catch and that ends the inning Yanks leave one as they can't add to their four to two lead So a new pitcher is set to take over now and here he is the fire balling left-hander a rolledus Chapman The pirate's batting order turns over and set to go Kevin Newman over two with a walk for him so far First pitch of the at bat That was some gas triple digits on the radar gun. Oh one pitch on its way Didn't quite catch the zone there ball one Chapman nicknamed the missile for obvious reasons. He's in year one of a new three-year deal Chapman ready the one one Back up the middle and in for a base hit so the leadoff man is aboard to start out the inning Hey guys, that's an excellent job right there. That's a back foot slider Usually those are kryptonite for most batters and he's able to fight it off Keep his hands inside the baseball and deliver a base hit Adam Frazier This will chase one up around the letters here for strike one Oh for two from him so far in this one plate and he stays alive still 0 and 2 And then it's one and two and in late four to our score as we play the eighth inning Two and two to adam frazier Well, he kind of got caught chasing the first two pitches out of the strike zone But I think he's caught out of their game a little bit right now Two tough pitches that he took with two strikes and now the count is two and two Sharp ground ball toward the hole and that'll be another base hit as it's through into left So it's two strike knocks to start the eighth Boy D world when you're starting to swing it like this team is doesn't matter They bring in our new relief pitch, right and he gets greeted with back-to-back base hits. Yeah, exactly That's what you want to do in today's day and age of bullpen down your throat You very rarely see back-to-back knocks when these guys are throwing smoke That's one of the keys to when you come in facing guys out of the bullpen They're being taught to throw strikes early and they're taking advantage of it He's throwing strikes and they're jumping all over him Here's the first pitch And he gets under this one a bit as this is lifted into center field Gartner is right there one down And we'll give you a look at our starter comparison for the two starting pitchers in the game And the column to look at is the one on the right side of your screen Not too many hits to go around at this point in the ballgame What's a tight spot here first and second one man out and digging into bat next the big bat of josh bell On the stretch. Here's the pitch Fastball too high to start him out here one and all kicks and deals A ball in a strike and it looks like the Yankees will have a left-hander up and throwing in the bullpen Lifted in the air toward the line and right And foul I know that's the spot. He didn't want to miss him, but he got away with it the one two Tried to hold up there appealed down to first and no swing It's ball two Runners are at first and second with one away This is in the air out to straight away center Gardner is there. He hauls it in without any trouble and there are two away Now with the play collin moran and then this could be a real maker break situation at this point in the game Yeah, man, at least scoring one run in this inning is so important to them to possibly get back into this thing Baseball doesn't have a clock, but you only have 27 outs to work with they're running out of those pretty quick On its way So far this year against south pause moran is hitting over 350 up in the high 300s his baton average right now certainly signifies that this guy is having a great year I'm very interested to see how this guy finishes up Now a fastball off the plate away and ball in a strike and he misses two and one Hey, lots of guys get too aggressive in a spot like this But he's done a nice job of gaining some count leverage. Look for him to put the ball and play hard For the death one little late and it's two and two now Hey, it's looking like he may be able to get out of this one after giving up two singles early Adam swinging as he runs the fastball by him to end the inning Pirates strand a couple still down by a count of four to two Jason martin remains in the game batting eighth and manning left field now playing left Richard Rodriguez is going to come on in relief as he'll be making his 20th appearance of the season Number 41 So coming to the plate Miguel Andujar he reached on a single last time and later wound up scoring Ready to deliver here's the first pitch. I fastball is in there Fastball misses inside. It's even at one When you've got a guy that throws a good two-scene fastball You have to be ready for him to try to run it inside and jam you good job to lay off that one But I wouldn't be surprised if we see it again outside two and one Big sweeping breaking ball right there a good pitch But if he wants to get him to swing at it, he'll have to bring it in a little bit closer to the strike zone Now the two one pitch now a ball fouled down the right field line out of play So that'll move the count to two and two now pitch on the way Swung on in the dirt strike three And he makes the throw to first and Andujar is retired and there's one away So the batting order turns over now and set to go Brett Gardner He's won for four for the game Here comes the first pitch Now it looks like a right-handers up and throwing in the Pittsburgh bullpen Good fastball down around the knees. They're taken for a strike One out nobody on Two and one now a swing and a miss at a slider for a strike This will miss down low in the dirt. So he's worked it full now with three and two Every base runner in a close game like this really matters So you can't afford to be giving out free passes this late and a half-hearted attempt that time But they'll say he broke the plane and that's out number two Into the box now Aaron judge prior history in this match up his two for three He's taken him deep once first offering on its way Here's a pulled strike about thigh high nothing in one Rodriguez 30 years of age He's in his fourth season as a major league player. So the wind up here comes the yo and one All runs away for ball two two and one What we're seeing here is a guy getting pitched too very carefully It doesn't matter that there's two outs and nobody on he's a threat to score even when he's standing in the batter's box Now the two one is a fastball that misses Well, that's a pretty well-known fact that your batting average goes up as you get into more Favorable hitters counts and that's especially true when we're talking about this kind of hitter Not a great spot to be in if you're the pitcher and he takes ball four again And they clearly just don't want any part of him in this one Now bad At the plate Giancarlo Stanton three for four so far and seeing it well in this ball game Here's the first pitch to him Just off the outside that time laid off for a ball A runner on first with two away Two balls and no strikes the count is Stanton That's a good take on a fastball out of the zone Hey, I get it. He's looking for a ball to drive But that ball was a little bit too far up in his own that's one you normally pop right up A strike and it's two and one You can bet he wants that one back at the plate right now That's a pitch you normally see a guy drive if he has the right approach going Set to deliver on two and one Maybe a little jumpy there as he swings through the fastball won't commit on the slider good patience in its full three and two Good spot for an rbi put the ball in play with the runner in motion. He could score all the way from first the three two-picks Grounded to short he's got it And as it turns out the two out walk doesn't come around to haunt him as that ends the inning One left for the Yankees, but they still lead this one four to two Tommy Keenley comes on from the pen hoping to finish this one off here in the top of the ninth Come on Late now Gregory Polanco will try and lead things off here in inning number nine A not an easy thing to do to try to come back and tie a game or take the lead off of a guy like this One of the game's elite closers Lifted in the air out to center field lying there for the Yankees starting pitcher. He was great all night long Matty v really a solid performance seven Strong innings pitched in line for the win needs some help for the bullpen to close this one out Standing in now Kevin Kramer as the first pitch to him is in there for a cold strike one He could really use a knock here 0 for 3 in the game so far He's wide one ball in one strike Bases are empty one man out hit out towards second And in the center field as he's aboard with a one-out single Nice execution right there Dan kept his front shoulder in Kept his hands inside the baseball and ripped the base hit up the middle and if you're a pitcher right there You can't get discouraged sometimes even when you make a good pitch The ball is going to find a hole somewhere that one right up the middle into the box now Eric Gonzalez As the first pitch to him's a change up that can't find the zone it's ball one Donnie couldn't pull that one back as he clearly broke the plane to the plate and that'll be ruled a strike one one Lazy fly ball out to center field Wade trying to get there He can't get there as it falls in and that's the second out Oh man, I don't know how that happened Looked to be a base hit to the outfield But then all of a sudden the throw comes in and they get the force on the plate to be honest that just can't happen Stepping into the box Jacob stallings he comes to the plate as the last chance for his side two out here in the ninth from the stretch Two out with the man at first and there's a fastball well off the plate inside now the one and one pitch One and two now Rout of over 39,000 on their feet Strikes him out to end it here as they were able to get the possible time run to the plate But could not cash in this was an awfully quick series and it ended in a split I have a feeling these two teams could have played a 20 game series and would have ended tied Too evenly matched well coach ball clubs Four to two the final score tonight the new york yankees used a nice fifth inning to take the lead and they never gave it back Masahiro Tanaka earns his fifth winner of the year as he finishes seven innings with only two hits allowed Tommy kingly earns the save out of the bullpen is 14th So that's a wrap here tonight for mark dorosa dan plizek and Heidi walkney. This is matt vaskersen. You've been watching mlb the show


Hey everybody, Dr. O here, in this video we're going to cover the limbic system. So we'll talk about the anatomy and the structure and then the function of the limbic system. But it's important to note this is a functional grouping. So all the parts of the limbic system, they function together, but they're not one structure. The limbic system is actually going to be all these different structures that are sitting right where the subcortical structure. So the things below the cerebral cortex meet the cerebral cortex.  So the parts of the limbic system that we're going to focus on here, we'll talk about the amygdala and you see here the cingulate gyrus and the hippocampus will be the three main ones we talk about. There are a couple more that I'll bring up at the end, the dentate gyrus and the parahippocampal gyrus, but they're not that big of a deal. So the amygdala, the cingulate gyrus and the hippocampus are the three key ones we're going to talk about here. So what does it do? I like to think of it this way. The limbic system is what gives our emotions and our fear so much power because it's the part of the brain that's involved in our behavioral and emotional responses, especially with things that are really important for survival. Think about things like the fight or flight response, caring for our young, feeding, reproduction, those kind of things. So the limbic system helps establish our emotional states and then also it links all these subconscious structures to our conscious mind and that works both directions. So that means that fear and other emotions can influence our thinking, but then on the flip side our thinking can hopefully influence fear and our emotions as well. And then another major function we'll talk about with the hippocampus is the limbic system plays a big role in memory, in memory storage and retrieval. And this is kind of, this is good news, bad news, right? You remember things that are really emotionally powerful. You remember things that are really bad. So hopefully you won't do them again in the future, right? You won't put yourself in that situation, but it also gives a lot of extra strength to our fear-based memories. Bad memories stick with us in a way that other memories don't seem to. All right, so I put this image up here just to show you that the limbic system is tightly connected to our prefrontal cortex and that is what makes us human, right? This is what, so fear and emotion drives us and it also, but it also drives our conscious decisions. So when you, for example, when the amygdala there senses fear, it's going to actually decrease the functioning of your prefrontal cortex. So your thinking gets foggy and it's hard to make good clear decisions when you're scared, when your emotions are running high. So you may see this called the elephant and the rider, but I'm not going to go through that right now.  The human brain, the prefrontal cortex would be the rider and our job is to try to influence this emotional instinctive brain. We cannot overpower it. This limbic system is very, very powerful. All right, so the parts here, you have the amygdala, main thing here is emotional states, motivation, these types of things. It does play a role, though, in memory consolidation. When you think memory, though, I want you thinking hippocampus, but the amygdala is important in, in fear-based memories and really emotional memories. This is why we remember the really bad stuff the most, sadly. So amygdala just think fear, emotions, motivation, and then also these fear-based memories. The cingulate gyrus is kind of a neat one because there's been a lot of research done on this because we all have different, different amounts of cingulate gyrus and it can influence our behavior.  So when something bad happens, maybe somebody cuts you off in traffic, you might have an instinct, right? You might have an instinct for some sort of violent outbursts like road rage or emotional outbraces.  Well, those, those initial impulses strike us all.  So this, so while information travels through the cingulate gyrus, it helps to regulate your behavior.  You know, some studies have even shown that serial killers and people like that, people that do actually do things like road rage and hurt other people, they may have smaller cingulate gyruses, which mean they do, they're, they're going to act on these initial impulses in a way that you and I don't. So the cingulate gyrus helps to regulate aggressive behavior and outbursts and that's plenty there. The hippocampus, so the hippocampus, the word actually means seahorse because of what it looks like. You can't see it right here, but when you hear hippocampus, I want you thinking memory consolidation. That's how short-term memories are moved into long-term storage. So, so the entire limbic system plays a role in emotion or in memory, sorry, but the hippocampus is the primary place where your typical memories are going to be consolidated. It also seems to play a role in the type of memories that help us with navigation, like spatial memories as well. The last two, not a big deal, but I just want to note them. The dentate gyrus, what's cool about this, it hasn't been shown in humans, but in mammals from rodents to primates. The dentate gyrus has been shown to have adult neurogenesis, meaning nerve, so a part of the brain that actually does regenerate. And that's very, very rare. So that's kind of the only cool thing about the dentate gyrus. And then the parahippocampal gyrus just plays a role in all the other things we've talked about there, so nothing new to add.  One last thing, you know, I've done a lot of research and done a lot of presentations on sleep. This is something where when you're tired, the connection between the two really gets severed. So you make worse decisions when you're tired. You're way more likely for violent outbursts and aggressive behavior when you're tired. I know what I say all the time is the reason I need to sleep as a parent than a husband is that when I'm tired, I react to my environment. I am like a caged animal. I react to my environment in ways that I'm not proud of. So I know that if my temper gets a little short, these types of things, I know I have to get some more sleep because when I'm well rested, I respond to my environment. Whatever's happening around me, I make conscious, you know, clear decisions about it and I respond to my environment. So to me that the reacting to the environment is the limbic system, responding to the environment is your cerebrum, what makes us human. So when you're tired, you're not as good of a human being as when you're not basically. Okay, so that's the limbic system. I do hope this helps. Have a wonderful day. Be blessed.


Well firstly may I just welcome you to King Sopuza the second Memorial Park so this is a monument that is dedicated to a Swat in his icon King Sopuza the second who led the Swat nation to independence as well as also he brought about unity within the kingdom as you know that we are surrounded by former Marxist Mozambique on the eastern side and former racist South Africa on the western side and these two countries were in turmoil and being a small country today been easily for the country to be or to be to dissipate or to kind of not being stable but through his wisdom and leadership we we were a peaceful country even today so he is the father of the current king King Swat to the his majesty King Swat in the third and also he is Swaziland's longest reigning king he ruled the country for 61 years from 1921 up until 1982 one of his achievement as achievements was as well as the is the independence which we gained from Britain on the 6th of September 1968 without any bloodshed so that's why we he is revered so much in the country so in summary simple I'll say that he is the father of the Swazi nation well I would say he is a nation builder because yes because we have had previous other previous kings who have played different roles at different times so I wouldn't say he was he is the father of the Swazi nation in the context that he is the one that brought about freedom or independence as well as also unity in fact if you look at his on top of his statue we have his famous quote which he said that I mean I see so I have no enemy which was one of his philosophies or motto that he believed that he had no enemy because who so ever considered himself as his enemy he will spare no effort in trying to have conference with him so that they can cycle bad differences peacefully without having to shed any blood and above all he also mentioned that in order for a piano to give out good music you must play both keys black and white which meant that as blacks and whites we should live together in harmony so that's in the country we are a country of what of no race but of black and white so we have black and white Swazis all living together in harmony yes amazing we had that the king the former king used to have cast in here I don't know can we find a cast in this museum yes we have in fact we have three of his cars in fact fleet of cars so we can try and we can visit them we could see them and then I think after that will be done thank you so much yes in fact the cars not all in there okay yes but we do have others in the well I saw I saw some in the museum yes in the National Museum but we are still waiting to in fact because there's no space so but has been a proposal of extending the museum to bring them in okay yes so currently that's why we have due to space we only have three okay yes but is it like so I want to know like the cast over there is it possible for us to see it's not okay yes it's not the only ones that are for public displays at this one okay yes okay yeah so here in the museum other than the pictographic exhibition that we have we also have three of King's oboos fleet of cars so we have here the first one we have the Buick which is a 1937 model it's a V8 straight-8 engine and then we also have the second one which is a a Buick as well it's a 1957 model then the third one which is almost seven meters it's a Cadillac fleet of 1968 yes I mean can we see the inside yes you may see the inside this I just wanted to know like was the color like this or you guys just because it's been long yeah it's been a norm that in the olden days the black color was reserved for people of status of people of who are in authority yes so mostly these cars are black yes because of that yes so they're black and dark blue yes so this one is actually not blue but I mean not black but dark blue yes yes so yes the inside is a kept at its original state though the outside has been repainted you know paint fades away but these ones we just they are just kept at their original state yes and then as I said the second one is a 1957 model you look at the steering wheel this side is on the right this one is on the left yes so this one also it's at its original state inside but we we still working on improving them to sort of restore them to their original state yes yes then we have the 1968 that was when the country had its independence yes I wouldn't be sure because he had other various cars so we will not we will not be I cannot be sure of that which car he used yes on that day but I suppose that all the car should be in the museum or he's just only three not they currently we only have three we are still in the process okay because as you could see the museum but we still we only have pictographic exhibition because we are still in the process of acquiring kings suppose as artifacts yes he in fact being a royal monument we we we in fact we wait for the royalty to give us some of the artifacts exactly that's so beautiful in fact we wait for them to be donated some of the artifacts instead they are brought in where the time is right yes otherwise this this is on behalf of all the 326,000 watching us right now we want to say thank you so much for taking us around and also thank you so much for educating us is there anything that you want to say or you want to show us about the man that I never asked there isn't much except that to thank you for coming with such an initiative to show Africa because sometimes they say the Bible I would like to call the Bible says you must start in Jerusalem which means before we explore other continents let's start at home let's start knowing each other let's start because there is a lot that we share in common as Africans but because of the borders that divide us they do not allow us to access or even to visit one another you know frequently basis so I will kindly maybe personally invite everybody that if you happen to visit the kingdom don't go without visiting the king's opusa memorial park amazing and I want to say thank you so much for watching I personally have a question that I wanted to ask him based on what he just said do you think that an African is a foreigner in any African country uh no I mean I wanted that I wanted to come on first one uh an African this is not a foreigner in the African continent he's not a foreigner because to my understanding is that the boundaries that we have today were not made by us though it is such a political question but it's a fact that because we used mountains and rivers to demarcate boundaries not borders which then allowed people to move freely so then as a result of that I cannot say you are a foreigner in your own land or in your own continent it's just that maybe it's what uh in in fact in other ideologies they would believe that but with us in fact uh uh king's opusa had taught us that every human being is worth being treated like you uh every other human being so we cannot then uh with us we don't have what we we don't look at color of the skin to say you are a foreigner or you're not because once you are in the country especially in swaziland we have a motto that says once you're in swaziland you are a swazi you know we don't we don't care about your background just like what the english saying that when you're in rom you do what the romans do so when you're here you are part of us that's why even in traditional ceremonies we don't encourage you to watch but we encourage you to participate because you are one of us