Okay, ready? Thank you everyone for coming to my session. I thought that I would probably be standing here alone because everyone's already mentally on the way to the booth crawl and thinking about what to do with the evening, go to the bar or whatever. So I find it interesting and I find it gratifying that storage does attract crowd, that storage does is seen as important, is seen as the basis of what we are doing. Every time I've worked in the storage capacity at different companies, there's always those people who say, well, networking is interesting, compute is interesting, storage is something that's around and we shouted people when it doesn't work. So in OpenStack, of course, there's a number of competing companies and competing projects who are trying to get their foot on the ground and who are trying to make inroads on providing the storage infrastructure for OpenStack. Two of those projects I want to look at a little bit closer today. One is SEV, that's sort of a newcomer. It's not an OpenStack project, but it's very well integrated with OpenStack. It has a very good reputation and deservedly so. And then there's SWIFT, it's the incumbent, it's been around for quite some time and it's seen by a lot of people as boring and staid and it's not, you know, it's sitting around and it's not, SEV has all those, it can, like a chameleon, it can take all kinds of different colors, it can become a file system, it can become block storage or it can become object storage. SWIFT cannot do that, but SWIFT has a number of features which we will see in this talk that are important and that make it, or give it a deserved place in your OpenStack cloud. So why is this even a question? Every time I go to a customer, almost every time, they have a pretty good idea of that one of them, one of the projects is cool, the other one is not. But this customer thinks it's SWIFT, that customer thinks it's SEV. And so what do we do? Then I would like to talk about a customer's view because my task at Mirantis is to go to customers to look at their infrastructure, to listen to their business and use cases, to talk to the people who are later on going to deploy and run the cloud and to determine what we can do to make the cloud more useful and better for the enterprise. How do you go about choosing one? I'll talk about some core capabilities and drawbacks of each project and give some advice on what to look for when you're looking for a storage solution for a specific project. And then finally, and this is a pet project of mine right now, I've been working on an idea of combining the capabilities of both so you would not have to choose between those. This is specifically important for larger environments, environments that span multiple data centers and that have rather dissimilar hardware for the per data center, but we'll get to that later. Why is this even a question? My, very recently I went to a customer, a customer told me, well, we are going to use CEPF. My first question is almost always in these cases, what does drive that? Why are we doing that? What got you the idea of using CEPF? I'm not saying it's wrong, I'm just saying we should look at where you came from, what your environment is and how we can best support that. Starting with selecting a project over another project or starting with selecting a specific technology over another technology gets you probably a beautiful cloud. The problem with it is that it may not fit your business case and if it doesn't, the people up there are going to be mad and they are going to cut off your funding or they are going to scream at you or both. And so we should ask ourselves the question, why are we doing that? What are we doing? One of the solutions is always a waste of time. We have Swift. Swift is not cool. And more often than not, people say that CEPF is the better project because CEPF can do so many things. But do we really need all that? Answer is not yes or no, the answer is look at your business cases, look at your use cases. What are you going to do with it? Is for instance this feature in SAF necessary? Is this something that we actually are using? Is this something that can be worked around? Do you have to work around problems in your chosen solution? That's another biggie because working around problems usually is very expensive and it's very difficult to implement and oftentimes leads to contention. Technical specs and use cases. Every time I go to custom in the first way is back to the basics. What's driving us is the money. The money says Mirantis is cool. Mirantis is helping us doing this. But we need to look at what the money really wants, what the company really needs to determine what approach we choose to get into this design. Any design that we build serves a purpose and the purpose is not to be a nice play toy for operators that have purposes, not even to be the best storage money can buy. The purpose is we want to do something specific with it to thus our solution support that. And again, working around drawbacks is expensive. We can't say that often enough. Customers have tried to time in again, while we'll script something. This is the sentence while we'll script something. This is something that I hear frequently and that usually leads to pretty big problems. Scripting is cool. Scripting is useful in certain events. For instance, you have something that you simply cannot do with either of the current solutions and you choose the solution that fits best and work around the drawbacks of that. But scripting just because you have chosen something and you don't know whether it's the actual best way to do things, you'll just approach it from a, well, we can do that way, is going to cause pretty big problems down the road. So what do we do with storage? And this is a point that probably most of you are familiar with. Of course, we support the cloud functionality itself. We have block storage. We have image storage. Who here is working extensively with Glance and Cinder? So what backend do you choose for Glance, for Cinder? Why do you choose that? Oh, correct. So you're probably just here to figure out whether what I'm saying is nonsense and you can say, hey, this guy doesn't have it down. Okay, so, but it's important to think about that because for instance, I had a customer pretty recently and I'm going to, actually, let's see, we have a customer's perspective here. This is a fictional setup, but it is relatively close to what a specific customer told me. So let's say our company Megacorp has three main data centers, big data centers. They have a lot of storage there. They have a lot of compute nodes. They have all kinds of neat technology. They have networking, everything down. And they have, one of the important things is they have multiple storage devices and they need to be in sync. I put something in on one side and it needs to show up on the other two sides. If you do that in the wrong way, this is going to cause a pretty big amount of problems. So in this case, the consumption and the supply of data has to be looked at and we have to figure out how to get the data that we are supplying in one place to the consumer on the other side. And we also need an object store for application. Maybe we need a file system store. It really depends on the application, but let's say we only need to support our cloud and we need to support the object storage. And then they have satellite data centers. They are small data centers. They have a few compute nodes. They have a few storage nodes. And the storage nodes can, it's not high performance storage. It also may not be the network link between the main data centers and the satellite data centers may be very slow. And of course with projects like that, the cost is the driving factor. It can't be too expensive. So no going to net up and having them caught a couple of fast 8080s in there with a number of big shelves and we are just copying everything down. The network is very slow between here and there. Let's just copy everything down and provide it locally. If you try that, of course, there's going to be a number on the bill from net up and this number is going to have a lot of zeros in the wrong place. And then you're going to talk to management and management is going to say, hey, I didn't tell you to buy something for that much money. So you have to find an open source project that you can actually substitute for the big expensive storage. By the way, I'm not saying that big expensive storage is better than an open source approach. I'm just saying that it has its place in storage too and it is something that we need to take into account. So this is our mega clock cloud project. We have big storage here. Here are the big data centers and we have our little satellite data center with the little storage buckets all around and we have no way to in any way combine them. So what would you think if you have a setup like this? How should we go about that? Any ideas? How do we select the project that will work with us to support a setup like this? We want to have all our data in all these three data centers in perfect sync. We want to have the necessary data in these little data centers that are set aside. So what you could do is you could do the Swift approach. You have storage everywhere. You have to have the same amount of storage everywhere. At least the amount of storage that you have to have to store your complete data set. And so this means that your satellite data centers are going to balloon out and you are also going to have a lot of network traffic going from everywhere to everywhere. And then what you're doing here is rather, let's say useless because you have only a requirement for a very small subset. A few percent of your total data set and you have this subset maybe different from this subset and this subset. And what you want to achieve is to have only the storage there or the data there that you actually need for your relative local use case. So another approach of course, and this is the one that I have seen time and again customers take is okay, we'll just copy this up more or less manually over there. It certainly works if the data set is small enough. You can script that somehow put it together and make it work for you somehow. The downside to that is it's not standardized and if the guy who has written the script leaves the company which is nowadays is something that you have to take into account with the job market the way it is and the scarcity of good IT engineers. And nobody will understand how it works anymore and it will work for another three or four or five months and then it will break. And then there's going to be a number of very unhappy operators who are sitting there three nights in a row trying to figure out how to make this thing work again. And the developers are going to sit on the back end and say we need this new image here and it sucks that the image is not there. So they are going to yell at you. You don't want to be yelled at at least I don't want to be yelled at, I don't know how we do. So this is clearly not the solution that we are looking for. Let's look at the SEP approach. SEP has two different ways to support Cinder and Glance, which is one of which is Rados Gateway, meaning you have an object store again. And the other one is RBD, which means you use a block store to provide your back end for Cinder and Glance. The block store does not really replicate at all. There's no inbound in built in functionality that allows you to replicate an RBD store to another data center. With Rados Gateway you can do that. The problem with Rados Gateway is that you have master and a slave. You cannot write into the slave, you have to have a master. So if you want to write into each of your data centers, you have to have a master there that's replicated to the slave somewhere else. And it's also replicated to one of those little satellite data centers. And then, of course, Rados Gateway has a couple of other disadvantages. One of them is that all the nice advantages that you were hoping to draw from SEP RBD, like copy on write, do not work with Rados Gateway for good reason. This is the same reason why you cannot do that with Swift. At least not at the moment, as far as I am aware. If I'm mistaken about that, and with the speed, everything is moving, it must have been a very new development. So, in Swift, we have multi-region capability. Maintenance, in my opinion, is less complicated than it is in SEP. If you have ever tried to troubleshoot a SEP cluster, it can be pretty grueling.  So you can simply put a firewall in front of those and only let the protocols that you absolutely need inside, which is probably HTTPS, possibly HTTP, through that firewall, and everything else is blocked off. If you use SEP and RBD, you cannot really do that because the compute nodes have to talk to the OSDs directly, so you have to have a lot more ports open, even if you have a firewall between those two entities. On the flip side, of course, what does a proxy do? It passes traffic through, it comes in, it goes out again. So you are introducing an element of latency and also probably a performance bottleneck if you have too much traffic going on through there. So, okay, this is actually an error. This is supposed to be RBD, so I didn't prove it right. And, of course, you have object storage with Rados Gateway, you have block storage with RBD, and you have file storage with CepFS, and you also have the opportunity to write whatever tickles your fancy for as an additional plugin. You have RBD has a number of big advantages which one of which is copy on write, which is very useful if you like to spawn hundreds of instances from a single boot image, and only the differences get stored which is very useful to keep your small data centers small. In Swift, if you have the backend, you have to make a copy for each of them, and each of the instances, and so you will, the thing balloons much earlier. And then we have Erasure Coding. Erasure Coding is an interesting way of avoiding replication and avoiding the disadvantages of having the three copies of each piece of storage that is in your data store. Normally, Erasure Coding is somewhere between 1.2 and 1.4 times the data that you have, your total usable data. And on the advantages, it's about as safe as having three copies without the storage. But it is currently, even if you ask the safe people, Erasure Coding is not quite stable enough for full on production use yet. At least this is the last status that I have from about a month ago. So you don't want to risk that, but of course, for a Dev cluster, that doesn't really matter all that much. Safe Architecture Overview, I think most of you have probably seen that already, you have Liberados is the basis of pretty much everything. You have the Rados gateway on top of that. The Liberados communicates with the OSDs and with the, I'm fat fingering the remote a lot today. And so you're talking, Liberados talks directly to the, can talk directly to the OSDs and the monitors. The monitors are an interesting component of this F cluster in that they have a quorum. If you have a Swift, you do not have a quorum between your proxy servers. You can have as many or as few as you want and they are independent of each other. They're also stateless. So you can add proxy servers or remove proxy servers during operation. In safety, these monitors are stateful and they have a quorum. So if you have, for instance, three monitors and you lose two monitors, then you cannot access the cluster until you repair at least one of your monitors. You can, you don't lose any data with that. It's just, you have to take into account that you may incur downtime if you lose too many monitors. So it makes sense to spread them out and to design them in an HA way. And of course you have your OSDs with storage devices. There's another component that's not in this piece of graphic and also I have no idea why this comes out as this ugly brown is supposed to be more dark red than brown. In any case, these storage devices are usually spinning storage and spinning storage is slow. So if you're right with SF, you have to wait until you get a quorum back from your right. If you write three copies, you have to have two copies written to this. So what a lot of people do is put another layer in between there and put a journaling device that is SSD so you can speed up right performance. And then you can have a separate cluster network where the replication is going through the, replication is going from one storage device to another. Swift external network, you can have multiple regions and this is a multi-region Swift cluster. You have a load balance in there. You have a Swift proxy layer and you have a physical or virtual storage network and you have, behind that you have storage nodes. There is, SF allows you to do caching, although that is also not quite production gradient as I am told, Swift does not. So you basically, your speed is pretty much limited to what your storage devices can do. So what do we do to enhance speed? We put more storage devices because the more pieces are spread over the more, over more storage devices, the less time you will spend reading an individual piece from an individual storage device. How do they integrate an open stack? Back in for Cinder, of course you have, can either have RBD or others gateway, most installations use RBD, at least from my experience. In Swift, you have an object store. There's nothing really that you can say about it. The object store is the backend and Cinder and Glance are fairly well optimized to work with this object store. File storage does not exist in Swift. There are some projects that are trying to put file storage on top of a Swift cluster, but as far as I know, none of them has production grades after at the moment. And object storage for applications, we have Rado Skateway and an object store. And what's also missing is, of course, you can have a storage devices, block storage devices for the application, also only in ZF. So if you look at our mega-corp again, should be a mega-corp up there, we have requirements. One of them, of course, is multi-region. We have the multi-region application and this is something that management is not going to compromise on. We have a limited budget, especially for those storage pods. We have a slow network to some remote sites. We have to take that into account and the local performance requirements are significant. So we want something that is not too slow and then reliability and maintainability. So my idea to address this issue is to combine both approaches to your advantage. You have this approach, you have something that is fast and that is very good at local storage, but it's not very good at multi-region. And you have Swift, which is slower and which has its own operation of disadvantages, but it is very good at multi-region. And for your central store, you don't really need something that is super fast. You normally don't pull hundreds of thousands of images out of that every minute of every day. You just pull images out every once in a while. Some developer comes up with something new and whether that takes a few seconds, it doesn't really matter all that much. As long as you can do that in an automated way. But one of the important pieces, of course, is resilience. You have to have a reliable infrastructure.  And Ceph is almost the mirror image of that. Ceph is almost the mirror image of that. It's fast. It is very good at local. It's not good at global at all. But it can still provide a local object store and file store. So you do not have to have multiple clusters locally. Imagine you want something that is, you have something that is only an object store and something that is only a block store. In this case, you can combine that and you can combine it in an elastic way, which is also an advantage of Ceph that I haven't mentioned yet. You can share one Ceph cluster between object store and block store. And you don't have to decide which part of the cluster is going to be object and which part is block. You have an elastic boundary between those two. So this is the happy approach that I've been thinking about, which is you have a Swift cluster that exists only in the three major data centers and that is used to infuse the images, the snapshots, everything that you want to keep permanently and want to disseminate to your clients in a controlled way. And a Swift is not the best highest performance solution even in the big data centers. I would advise having a small Ceph cluster that is used as high performance storage and also draws from Swift to improve the number of operations per second that you can do or the number of instances that you can launch in a given amount of time. And of course we have Ceph clusters in those remote regions. So the one thing that is missing from this picture is the glue, these blue lines. This is something that we do not really have yet. There's three different approaches that I would like to recommend for this or the approaches that we should consider for integrated approach that we have here. We have scripted replication. Of course this is something that is a quick and dirty hack and for a Dev cluster it would probably work just fine but it is probably not very well maintainable in the long run and it is certainly something that you eventually, the tribal knowledge that created the scripts will dissipate over time and then they are going to be settled with something that you cannot really control. The second approach that you could do is orchestration. So let's just imagine we have a local Ceph cluster and we have Glance. And Glance says to the local Ceph cluster, retrieve image X and image X is not there. So we should have an other orchestrator who would know to go to the Swift cluster, retrieve the image inserted into the local Glance and then operate or launch the instances from there. The advantage of course is heat is an open stack native project, there's a couple of other good orchestrators out there but the downside is still that you have every task that you write, every let's say heat stack that you build will have to know that it needs to fall back to the remote data center and to the remote Swift cluster to get the data out. So we have, it's probably better or it is better than scripted but it is not perfect yet. So what I'm thinking about doing and I'm hoping that I can get a little bit of feedback from people that have listened to my talk and have seen their problems that we have in real life is whether it would make sense to have a multi backend Glance, we have other projects that can have multiple backend Cinder can have multiple backend Glance cannot at the moment and in my opinion it should. We should be able to have Glance draw something from a local store and have a fallback store to draw an image from if it is not there. So I am planning on creating a blueprint and I'm really hoping that I can get some feedback from as many of you as possible on whether this approach from your point of view makes sense and whether you would like to see that happen. I mean, this is what community is all about. We are not talking about something that I'm imagining and coming up with because it's cool and because I think that I can have my name on a project. The idea is that it is useful for the community so we build it and if that's not the given then the project is going to fail as we are not going to pull in any developers and it's just not going to work. So we have about 30 minutes. I want to leave a few minutes for the question and answer. So what should we take from this talk? For the current infrastructure or for what currently exists, analyze your requirements and come up with a solution that best fits those requirements and then go and develop around the drawbacks of the solution that you have. What's most importantly, religious wars always only leave victims on the way side. We have Seth versus Swift. We have Ubuntu versus Reddit. We have all kinds of religious wars and I do not like to see any of them because all the projects that we have in the open source space, most of them are very viable and are very good and working together we can achieve a lot more than butting heads.  And then, yes, please show me your solutions. Please let me know what you think of mine and if somebody can come up with something better, I would be delighted to hear it. I'm thinking about this project because it's addressing problems that I currently have and that I see in the field time and again and if we can find a viable, tractable solution for all this, I think this would be a great thing to do. And OpenStack, I love OpenStack. I like working with it. And I think that within the last couple of years that I have been in OpenStack, we have achieved absolutely amazing things. If I compare OpenStack, Folsom with Kilo or what's in store for liberty, it's just, it is like seeing a number of little houses in the village being blown up into a mega city. And I would like to work with others and hear other opinions on that. Any questions or comments that I could answer? Yes? If Swift improved in performance, my happy graph would still look roughly like this, the reason being that at the moment, you cannot replicate Swift piece by piece. You cannot basically being able to say, okay, I'm only going to replicate this little thing here and this little thing there. That and the performance improvements would change the happy graph radically. The reason being at the moment that we have satellite data centers that have very little storage and that we want to use as efficiently as possible and not buy any additional storage for that. So these are the two things that are missing from my Swift picture. If we could get this going, that would of course also be a rather very useful approach. And I thought about the possibility of having separate Swift clusters but then you have the same problem again, especially if the data sets between here, here and here are not very similar. So you cannot say, okay, I'm these are put together and we'll just swing this piece from the Swift cluster into the other Swift cluster. So the idea is still, Swift is called a global replication of everything. I put something into it and it shows up magically on the other side. And I can still, this is another thing that I absolutely forgot to mention before. If you try the same thing with Seft theoretically, you can and if you have a very low latency and a very fast network, you can have OSDs in different geos but I have seen people try that and they invariably come back to the problem. This is just not fast enough. The latency is too high, the latency fluctuates. So Swift, you can write locally. You can have write affinity and read affinity. So you get your read data from your local Swift cluster and you write to the local Swift cluster into temporary locations and after the fact, the data is being replicated into the other geo. So this is the reason why Swift is good at geo replication and Seft is not. There's just different approaches to the same problem. Yes, this is something that is new. This is new in Kilo. I have not seen it yet. I have heard about it. I have, but I would love to test it. And that would certainly make a big difference in terms of how much storage you have to stuff into the thing. And not more expensive, but did you ever think that really Swift need only two copies to be deployed before you return the right acknowledgement? So did you think for multiple data center instead of putting Seft as a local writing destination to put two copies in same data center and make the third copy in the remote data center? In this case, your proxy servers will return the acknowledgement of writes or reads. As soon as first two copies will be returned and they will be local. That approach is also something that I've thought about. The disadvantage to that is that it doesn't scale. If you have two copies here and one copy here, you get, when you write into this one, you get a write acknowledgement really quickly because you have the two local copies. If you write into this one, you always have a remote copy to talk to. And this is where write affinity and read affinity come in. This is the parameters that say, okay, I'm writing here. I have a compute note here that's writing something into the Swift cluster. The compute note, the Swift cluster writes enough copies to generate a quorum. For instance, I have six copies total because I have two copies here, two copies here and two copies here. And I get an act back as soon as the copies are written locally. This is, I would have four copies written locally. Two of them do not belong there. Yes, no, no. Yes, that's what I think I abbreviated that a little bit too much before. The idea is that the self data set is small and not all that dynamic. So you're not, this self cluster is not hammering that Swift cluster. It has a slow link between it, but if you only pull data in it at a relatively moderate pace, you will not see the problem. The actual high speed access is going to be caught by the self cluster. For instance, you have an object that is being pulled from the Swift cluster once and then you need it 50 times to launch instances from an image. So the amount of performance or the performance that you need between here and here is comparatively small to what happens when all of my 50 instances try to boot immediately. So this is the reason why we cannot use the remote Swift cluster to do anything like that. Yes, okay, yes. Thanks for bringing up the point about your blueprint like taking the hybrid approach. So look forward to that and collaborating on that. One of the comments you made earlier was building an elastic file system on Swift and that approach does not work well. I agree with you. Do you think in your vision, taking your hybrid approach could allow building Amazon-like elastic file system on using that hybrid approach using maybe Ceph? You mean replacing Swift to Ceph? Well, basically building an elastic file system around this storage technology. Sorry, I'm drawing a blank. It's been a very long day. So you mean a file system that would be like Ceph? Yeah, something like that. Right, there are ways to do that on Swift, but I think that the better approach, especially if you have relatively small data sets. I mean, a relatively well-known paradigm in storage and paradigm is a tired word, but I apologize. And in this case, in my opinion, it makes sense is that you have usually have a two or 3% active data set. You have a ton of dormant data that is essentially cold storage or warm storage, and then you have your little hotspots. That's why it probably makes more sense to use local Ceph clusters to do the heavy lifting in terms of high performance. Making Swift really fast is doable, but it costs a lot of money. You have to have very fast proxy servers. You have to have reasonably fast storage servers. You can infuse SSD technology even depending on what file system you're using, especially this is another thing that I also forgot to mention that I wanted to mention is one way to make Swift significantly faster is to take the container database. The account database is not so important, but the container database is really important because every time you do a read or a write, the container database is hit. So taking this off the regular ring and creating a separate ring for the container database, or rather, detaching the container database ring from the object ring, and writing into an SSD instead of a set of SSDs instead of a set of spinning drives massively increases performance because otherwise you have a number of, for every access you have a number of seeks on spinning out drives, and you know how expensive that is. It's just in context of the question. Given that when we keep either three copies or we keep or we do a register coding, you're trying to protect against disk failure and controller failure. And given that disk failure is orders of magnitude more than controller failures, I'm just wondering, have you considered just traditional rated storage instead of Ceph? Yes, and there's a good reason why we are normally not doing it. Sorry, I didn't cut you off today. No, no, no. Okay, so I have had a number of customers who have tried that approach and the approach was essentially to say, okay, instead of relying on Swift replicating three times, we are going to put a rate behind it and replicating two times or even only one time. And the problem really is if that rate dies and it has happened that the rate dies and the reason is not only, cannot only be disk failure, it can also be that just that storage node dies. Afterwards, you have to do replication work. If you lose a single disk, you have a moderate amount of replication work. If you do a rate of 10 disks, you have 10 times the replication traffic and the replication traffic does not come from the same host. The replication traffic comes from some other host and in some cases, if you have multi-region setup, the replication traffic at least partly may even come from remote and clog your lines. So in most cases, using a rate underlying the Swift setup is not really an approach that has historically worked well. If you do it right, it may have an advantage, but it can also, it can really come back to bite you. By the way, there is an interesting sidelight to that that I have seen. I have not actually seen a cluster that works that way, but NetApp, for instance, has in their white paper in the architectural design, they have an option where you can use NetApp e-serious sands as backends for Swift and have potentially even only one copy. Currently, I have a customer who is trying just that. In my opinion, the risk is too high because if you lose that thing even temporarily, your cluster is going to be down. So if I was going to do that, I would have one set of storage nodes that get mounts from two e-serious devices and have a replication factor of two. So every bit of data is going to be replicated between those. It's not quite as cheap. You're still saving, let's say, one-third or so of storage capacity. You can have higher density or may be able to have higher density, but I really want to see it work. I want to see the customer finish it up and maybe at the next summit, I can report on how this is going to work. Technically, it's possible, but I personally, at the point where we are right now, I would at least not do it with the standard disks. The controller failure will cause data loss. So you're saying controller failure is what you want to protect against, right? Yes, so the more individual paths you have to the data items, the less likely you are to cause a replication storm and the replication storm is what kills you. You can build a marvelous cluster, a marvelous swift setup, a marvelous set-up, what really breaks you is not standard operation. It is the invariable thing that something goes wrong and this is, it will happen at some point. You may be happy for a while and it will happen at some point. So this is why I always advocate plan for failure.  If this fails, if that fails and if you go through your exercise and you think, okay, this is the right approach, then this is what you should implement. Okay, thank you very much. I appreciate it. Yes.


Hello and welcome to this session. This is Professor Farhad in which we would look at cost plus pricing. This topic is typically covered in cost accounting, managerial accounting, as well as the CPA exam. If you're interested in topics like managerial accounting, cost accounting, as well as the CPA exam to supplement your education, please visit my website, farhadlectures.com. And a cost plus pricing, the company is a price setter. What does it mean when we say the company is a price setter? I want you to think of the first iPhone. The first iPhone when the first iPhone came out, if you wanted to buy this iPhone, it would have cost you $499. Actually, I bought one of them, but I did not pay for $499. I only paid $99 because the phone company financed the rest. I'm not sure if I had the Ryzen or AT&T. I can't remember. That was a long time ago. So that was that. So why was Apple was able to charge, which was $500 for a phone? That's a lot today. I mean, right now, their iPhone is over a thousand, but back then it was a lot. The reason is they were able to charge you $499 because the product was unique. There was no smartphone in the market. So Apple can charge you basically whatever they want to. You either take it or not take it. They had enough demand. So they had minimum to no threat from competition. So therefore, they considered a price setter. They can set the price. So they control the price. This is in contrast. If you remember, we talked about target costing. Under target costing, you have no control over your price. Why? Because the price is set by the market. You're selling something that is not unique under target costing. Here you are selling something that's unique under those circumstances. What you do is you determine your full product cost, whatever your full product cost, then you add to it some desired profit. You know, you want to add to it 10% of your cost, 20% of your cost, you want to add to it 30% on your average asset, whatever you want to do. So to illustrate this point, let's work an example. So we have a company that produces 2,400 tablets and they desire profit 10% of assets, so they would like to take a look at their assets because their asset produces the tablets and based on their assets, they want to earn 10% of their assets. Well, let's start with their cost. Their variable cost per one tablet is $307.50. They produce 2,400 tablets. Their variable cost is $738,000. Their fixed cost is $226. Their full cost is $964,000. So now the way they're going to price their tablet is they're going to take their full cost and add to it whatever assets they have multiplied by 10%. They happen to have 2.5 million of average assets. They're going to multiply this by 10%. They can use any measurement they want to. They choose to use average asset. They could say we want to take the full cost times 150%. If they want to, whoever they want to, it's their desired profit. Now, obviously they have to be reasonable if they want to ask too much profit, then they will not sell a lot of products. So that's, you know, they will take into account other consideration. But the point is they determine the profit in addition to the cost. Here we go. So their target revenue is $1,214,000. They produce 2,400 tablets. Therefore, they're going to price the tablet at $506 per unit. And this $506 per unit would recover their cost plus it will give them the return of 10% of their average asset. So will the investors be happy? Well, if they're looking at 10% return, that's not a bad idea at all. So this is how we use the cost plus pricing, which is different than target costing. If you like these lectures, please like it. I do have many other lectures. And if you want to supplement your accounting finance courses, managerial accounting course, cost accounting course, your CPA exam, I strongly suggest you visit farhatlectures.com for additional resources. Good luck, study hard, and stay safe.


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel and I appreciate you being here today I bring you the return of my destiny to top five play series now I haven't done one of these in a while basically due to destined to getting seriously dry But now because it has picked back up and I've had so many requests to start this again I've decided to do so but people I need your help I need your epic clips Now the clips can basically be anything you think people might find interesting Things such as three cat reactions to epic loot a funny PvE or PvP rage Amazing PvP plays clutches multi kills team wipes fails and so forth what the f moments Basically things you don't expect to see when playing destiny 2 and there ain't much of them Lucky loot drops if you believe you've had some extremely lucky luck send that in too Basically anything good people or clips do need to be sent into the email address linked within the top of the video Description which is destiny top five players at outlook that come also guys If you'd like to support the channel you can by leaving a like as it truly does help me out and I do appreciate that support So let's get into this top five in a number five We have a clip sent in by x y the world UK 17 Submits this great play of him using his tether to take out the entire team Have a clip sent in by the nemesis lord 2004 I think he wanted the vigilance wing catalyst, but instead he got the jade rabbit catalyst. Yep. He rages Clip sent in by that man say who has found a way you can literally kill Hawthorne I mean, why would you want her? But hey if she ever gives you that crappy loot relieve some anger and do this I suppose In a number two, we have a clip sent in by Prince our phasal last alive is no problem When you're decent with a sniper rifle great clip and clutch In a number one we have a clip sent in by the homeland Well, okay, then this dude kills one enemy and somehow it spawns 40 super orbs.  And guys that is it for this top five Congrats to everybody who was featured if you do want to be featured next time people submit your clips to the email address Link within the top of the video description Thanks as always for stopping by people if you enjoyed the video leaving a like truly does help me out If you're new around here and enjoy daily destiny videos be sure to subscribe and hopefully people I will see you on that next one


I listened to your talk on YouTube. I think you are talking Ayurveda in a different language. I have read only one Vedasar that is this one. Inner exploration is very important. That is the place where Ayurveda is born. Namaskaram, all of you. Namaskaram. Everybody looks like a bank robber. I don't know who or what. So the Ayur Prana is doing great work in the field of Ayurveda. They create Ayurvedic herbal products. We bring raw material from India, organically grown, no chemical pesticides, no chemical fertilizer. Then we test it here. See that there are no toxic heavy metals, arsenic, mercury, lead. And such a good work. They create churna, which is powder form, siddha talam, medicated oil, siddha gritam, medicated ghee, gutika, vatika, tablet. And why this banyan botanical and Ayur Prana, they are doing very good work in the field of Ayurveda. And so that Ayurveda is becoming quite popular in the western world, both in America, England, Germany. And amazing thing, there is so much hunger for Ayurvedic clinical approach. So I teach them Nadi Pariksha. And in Nadi Pariksha, the basic mandu gati, sarpa gati, lava gati, titra gati, hamsa gati, different gates are there. And with the grace of God, I am a good artist. I draw the picture of the pulse, how it looks. And we are doing webinars. And each Friday, some new subject, new topic, that how to determine prakruti through the pulse, how to do the assessment of vikruti, the present status of the dosha. Then through the pulse, we can understand the manus prakruti, manus vikruti, sabdoshas, pran vyan, vudansamana, all these sabdoshas. And boy, there is so much demand. People love that. And to teach this subject in zooming or on zooming is quite an art. We have two, three cameras where I go near the camera and I just say, this is vatapigam, adya-madya, antya-nadi, adya-nadi, vatam, madya-nadi, pitta, antya-nadi, kafa. And then slowly, the spike under each finger, vatapitta, kafa, vatapitta, kafa. And when we go deep, nigudha-nadi, prakruti pradarshani, uttana-tu vikruti. So muncha-muncha-dhrutva-dhrutva, hold it, hold it, leave it, hold it, and then you will come to that state, that spike. And you have to just pay attention to the kafa spike, pitta spike, vata spike. Under this three finger, how many vata spike, how many pitta spike you get, and based upon that, you can determine your prakruti. The deep level, the seventh level is prakruti. And prakruti is your unique genetic code. It is your blueprint. It is still there pulsating, throbbing under your radial artery. And amazing, people love it. So this work, Ayur Prana, is doing quite a fantastic work in the field of Ayurveda. And a couple of years ago, I was in Coimbatore also. That Dr. Krishnakumarji and Ram Kumar, they invited me to teach Ayurvedic art of... This is a lost art. No school teaches this ancient Vedic art of pulse assessment. And Krishnakumarji, he loved it.  And they have a big school there in Vaidekaraman. And they do panchakarma there. And there were about 200 Ayurvedic doctors. They come there to receive this art of reading the pulse. It is art, but it is science. And in Ayurveda, science and art can go together. It is just that everything is put through the same microscope today. Correct. So, if you say, I love somebody, they will check your blood and prove to you that you don't. Correct. So, all the subtler aspects of life... Well, see, the... the grosser aspects of life manifest strongly. Studying them is one way. The subtler aspects of life, their manifestation is subtle. Yeah, absolutely. So, for everything, if you say, show me where it is. You cannot... I cannot even show you the air that you breathe. Correct. Nobody can prove that you're alive actually. There is no proof that there is life here. The heart is beating, but time will come when they will make the dead body's heartbeat. Not far away, I'm saying they get out of the blood, they can make it work. So, there is no proof that we are alive either. So, in a way, this... for everything gross physical proof, physical proof will lead to a point where it's already happening, where life is not valuable. Only the structures that we build is valuable. The fundamental life itself is not valuable. We are forgetting everything else that we built, the house that we built is only an accessory to our life. The clothes that we wear is only an accessory to our life. But these things have become bigger than life itself. Absolutely. That's the... So, in a culture and atmosphere like that right now, it needs to get to its peak and go down. Absolutely. Till then, it's hard to convince people about the subtler dimensions. Beginning to happen, but still it's not mainstream. That's beautiful. This is so with Ayurveda, this is so with almost every aspect of it. Every aspect of it. And also, there is a... you know, like we've been running a small manufacturing unit on an experimental level and also producing something to keep it going. So, our work has been last twenty-five years to bring batch integrity to Ayurvedic medicine. It's simply not possible because the leaf that's plucked in the morning and in the afternoon it's different, seasons are different. We found the batch variations, the efficacy variations are up to eighty percent. And if you take any of the top manufacturers, even there it is so. But today people are asking for batch integrity, like a chemical process, where every batch can be the same in a pharmaceutical. In Ayurveda and Siddha, it depends on the season, it depends on the rainfall, it depends on the sunlight.  You can't do it whichever way you like. So we are doing something very small, very, very small, super effective. But when we try to expand it, it loses itself. So we kept it very, very small. Now there is work going on to build a twelve hundred bed integrated hospital which has both alopathy and this because otherwise I find, see today a whole lot of things are because of proximity of living populations in cities. Most people, as they are suffering chronic ailments, along with that they have parallel infectious issues. If they are not dealt with, Ayurveda can deal with chronic aspects, something that happens within the body. But where, you know, an external invasion has happened, you need some chemical warfare. So trying to bring this thing, we are calling this as integrated health solutions where Siddha, Ayurveda, alopathy, Yunani and naturopathy and yoga all mixed together according to each person mixing it in the right context. It works well but at the same time, today we expect everything to become like a concrete science. This is it, this is it. It doesn't work like that. You have to observe, you have to... You cannot get... You know, right now we are working towards that we can get treated on the Zoom or we can get treated by a phone. Correct. You know, all diagnosis will be done by your phone after some time that's where we are going. That will not be possible because this needs a certain level of observation. Each person responds to these things differently. Above all it takes involvement. Whether health or well-being or spirituality needs involvement. Right now we are trying to do everything without involvement. Correct. Simply, just like that. Everything is systemic, no involvement. Well, all the subtler, more tender aspects of life, beautiful aspects of life will disappear. If there is no involvement, everything is systemic. Absolutely, yeah. That's why this is moving towards integral approach, integrative approach. And even in Arizona, there is integrated medical schools and they are doing research. So what you say is very true because every science has limitation. Allopathy is very good for acute emergency. But once that emergency is over, then Ayurveda can help to take care of chronic element like rheumatoid arthritis or gout or even asitis. In all these disorders, Ayurveda has a good approach. And slowly, slowly, Ayurveda and allopathy can come together. They will come to the mainstream, but it will take time. More holistic approach is definitely needed. Individual doctors, a few of them are doing it. On the larger level, I don't know where it will come together because they are moving in divergent ways. That's also possible. Because the basic thought process of entirely depending upon technology everything is kind of an absolute. Well, health is not an absolute thing. You may be healthy now in the next five minutes you may not be. It just varies. It's the nature of how life happens. So these absolute things about you tested my blood in the morning and everything is fine with me, but I may be dead by the evening. So many people do, I'm saying. So this absolutism needs to go and we need to look at life with a more holistic and a more gentler approach, which needs lots of cultivation and new kind of civilization. When I say a new kind of civilization, right now our idea of civilization is that we dominate everybody and we are civilized. No idea of civilization is there is no need to dominate anyone. That is civilization. That is correct. But unfortunately we think the other way around when Madhma Gandhi was asked by someone what do you think about the western civilization? He said it's a good idea. This not me, it's him. Because we are misunderstanding that we don't dominate civilization. The fundamental of civilization is there is no need to dominate anyone. It doesn't matter somebody is weak, somebody is strong, somebody is young, somebody is old, somebody is male, somebody is female. You don't have to dominate anything, even other life around you. That's civilization. But right now our idea of civilization is putting a stamp, our stamp on everybody's face. Tell us whatever you can speak about Ayurveda.  Ayurveda is individuals' medicine. Ayurveda treat every individual separately. In modern medicine they do statistical observation what is common in 100 people. Based upon that normality they try to judge the individual. But Ayurveda has a unique approach in the sense pinde-pinde-matiribhinna or pinde-pinde-prakrudribhinna. So Ayurvedic approach is more Prakruti-Vikruti paradigm. Perhaps one person will handle aspirin because he is Kapha. But with the person will be very super sensitive to the aspirin it can create severe reaction. So Ayurveda says that to understand the individual and then treat accordingly based upon his Prakruti, Vikruti, environment, lifestyle all these have great significant value. And I listen to your talk on YouTube I think you are talking Ayurvedic in a different language. So if you say I don't know Ayurvedic because you were a greatness, but you are talking great principles of life which is coming from ancient Vedic wisdom Rupveda and Atharva Veda. So Ayurveda is a way of life living in harmony. I have read only one Veda sir that is this one. That's correct. I didn't read anything else other four I didn't read because I am too illiterate for those. That is Atma Veda. Atma Veda is the mother of all Veda. So I don't have the burden of four Veda sitting on my head. Correct. I respect them, but I just read this and it's kept me busy. Actually Veda is born in the heart of Rishi, you know. They observe it, they saw it and they wrote it. No, that is a thing right now in the world. Yeah. If you say if this happens to me all the time if I say anything they ask where is it written. Right. Then I say you write it man. Because if you have so much value for written word you write it. So this whole thing of the so-called educated and scholarship is if something is valuable it must be written. Not realizing it was written by some human being out of his realization or observation or whatever he saw right there. So it's not that we don't have respect for the written word but we must understand that unless in every generation we produce human beings who are beyond the written word who know from where the written word comes, from what basis then written word will become very dogmatic and become like a dogmatic religion. People will start enforcing it in the few generations forcefully. Then they will say you are pitta so you must be beheaded. I'm saying it'll happen. For all kinds of things people have been beheaded isn't it? For all sorts of things. So it's very important that every generation we create people who understand the basis of the written word. Not just the written word. Correct, correct. Students will understand the written word but there must be somebody who understands the basis of where the written word comes, from what basis. So I think Ayurveda needs to do work on that aspect from Vaidyas who are invested in it completely their life was invested in it. Today they're going to college for four and a half years and becoming Ayurvedic doctors which I feel is not going to work for this kind of science. This is not that kind of science. This needs self-observation beyond anything. How your own system works.  I'm saying right now this is our medical sciences unfortunately. How many doctors are healthy? It's a big question mark. Correct, right. So it's very, very important that there has to be a certain at least a small percentage of people in every generation who know the basis of the written word. Otherwise just the written word will create a dogmatic process that it'll no more be a science, it'll become like religion. Correct, right. What I say is right, if you don't agree to what I say you must either die or you must disappear. This has been the approach unfortunately. So producing those people, people like you with experience in some way you must inspire people not just to become teachers, instructors, practitioners but to imbibe the fundamentals. So that is also the basic concept of Ayurveda to know yourself what you are.  If I don't know myself, what is my Prakruti? What is my Vikruti? How thinking happens? How reaction comes? How emotion takes place? This whole inner inquiry, inner exploration is very important. That is the place where Ayurveda is born. How will you live long if you don't know how to think and feel? Absolutely. People are thinking themselves to death. They're not working themselves to death. Most of them are thinking themselves to death. Correct. We are really happy in my, I'm from Maharashtra and my mother tongue is Marathi. And in Marathi there is a saying, santa eti gharah, tochi diwali yani dasara means when saintly person like you come home that is really Diwali. And this is Diwali. You said Dasara, right now it's Dasara only. Yes, Dasara. Dasara. Because this Diwali and Dasara the ten doors of perception pancha jnanindriya, pancha karmindriya and all these sensory perception, motor action if we bring harmony in that it is really that Dasara. And Diwali is the festival of light and you are the light and light is within you. So in that way such a highly enlightened Guruji, is here. So it is truly Diwali and Dasara because Dasara brings Diwali. So thank you dear, you have done wonderful thing. I'm from Mysore. I just forgot to bring my elephants. Dasara is a big event in Mysore city. You know it's every year just going and gathering there for the procession and then so many things happening. I must tell you, right from my childhood I have been to many Dasara processions always my parents took us when we were very young, later on we went. Then when I was probably 16, 17 I thought what is there in that procession and we get a holiday, we go somewhere else and all that. One Vijay Dasmi day I got involved with a small orphanage where there were about 40, 42 children were there.  Then I asked them, Dasara is there, have you seen the procession? None of them had seen. Some of them were 12 years old many of them were like 4, 5 like this. So I decided to take all of them.  So I borrowed this from my friend and put these children in the back in the cargo deck with an adult and drove it there and found a nice place for them to see. Oh my God, the way they were excited seeing the Maharaja and the elephant and the horses and the procession and the tabloons, oh my God I can never forget that I just sat there and cried that day because these kids what it meant to them seeing that procession and that's what it is and the moment we grew up and the moment we see a few films and some other entertainment we just forget you know. We were also excited when we were kids but later on you think what is there to see I've seen it so many times but after seeing those children I thought if I'm in Mysore I must go for the procession it doesn't matter what. That's great. There's a lot of jostling, pushing, pulling everything happening. Even these Navaratri the nine days and nights of Durga and every name has a significant value in Ayurveda. Ratmam Shailaputri, Dutiyam Brahmacharni Tritiyam Chandraghandi, Kushma these are the names of the Vanaspati these are the names of the herbs and these nine herbs on those particular days when we make a decoction, tea and take it it will get benefit so that it will bring clarity it will bring health and happiness and amazing it will balance the Tridoshas it will burn the armor, the toxic morbid metabolic waste in the body. So Ayurveda is totally percolated in every so-called ritualistic event. This kind of merge with the culture this is the whole thing medicine was not about one doctor knowing about it it's about everybody knowing what to do about themselves as a part of this we created herbal gardens in over a hundred or a hundred and twenty three villages herbal gardens somebody donated a piece of land and we grow about hundred and eight varieties of herbs and in that village we teach them how to use it anybody can go for their use they can't take it in a bag and go but they can plug for their use.  So we started this whole thing and still it's going on I mean the village people are maintaining it I would like to ask you a question in the tribal culture in southern India plants are identified as masculine and feminine. In Ayurveda is there such a thing that there are feminine herbs it's very simple it is based upon Shiva Swarova if you take a leaf there is a central that is Shushumna because every leaf has a solar side and lunar side the shiny side is solar it takes solar energy and the rough side is lunar and if you look at the plant the stem and then there are horizontal lines if you count those Sira that is called Sira if it is even number so it is a female tree if it is odd number it is a male tree so male female can be detected through how many horizontal lines are there on the leaf this is amazing very fascinating and Rasa Viriya Vipak of the plant Rasa is the taste Viriya is the energy heating and cooling and Vipak is the post digestive effect and then Prabha Achin ke Viriya Prabha Prabha is the action on Pilupak and Pitharpak Pilupak is happening at an atomic level to the cell membrane and Pitharpak Pithar means parents which is a genetic factor the herb goes up to the genetic factor and to the RNA-DNA level so this is very interesting that male plant and female plant we can detect just by looking at this Siva Swarodara is another wonderful science of Surya Swara, Chandra Swara Ida Pingala, Shushumna and even in every plant there is Ida Pingala Shushumna so Ayurvedic they are talking about male trees, female trees when I came here in Santa Fe I was teaching Ayurvedic in Santa Fe College of Natural Medicine and there were so many here native American herbs chamomile, kampri, angelica even they use krishnakumar which is passion flower and passion flower is good for high blood pressure and there is a hathon berry I studied and I wrote a book with one of my friend and student Dr. David Fradi and we worked together and that book is I know Dr. Fradi we have so we were working together in Santa Fe and that book we have explained Ayurvedic herbs and native Indian American herb and they have incredible healing power but we study them through Ayurvedic basic principles of Rasa, Virya, Vipak and Prava and that book is very popular now here so male and female energy shiva, shakti, purush, prakruti, yin, yang idha, pingala it is there in the plant so how I evolved this herbal treatments among the Navajo people for example how evolved is their treatments of herbal these are Navajo people they do the pestle and mortal and they collect the herb and they grind it and make a decoction make a juice or make a tea, herbal tea but they have very spiritual ceremony and then they make a fire ceremony and they bring the herb and they use the herb so their approach is very spiritual and along the same line there is a great spirituality in Ayurveda also because they are calling their whatever I don't know religious or spiritual leaders as medicine men how far is the medicine going yeah medicine men they are doing that work and in a group healing they are doing also in a tent they make a fire ceremony and the medicine man comes there is a pipe ceremony they smoke some herbs and they get intoxicated it is like peyote something like that and it is so spiritual but then it become very square because they don't have the logic how it works and Ayurveda has a logic plus Ayurveda has satvam atma sharir ancha both no Ayurveda is from a tropical nation tropical land where there are hundreds of herbs here it's very limited so that's why I know they have that spiritual side helicogenesis side all that but in terms of actual medicine how many herbs are there is it reasonably substantial you are right because in India we have 3000 more than that here may be couple of 100 herbs then the herbs here are limited but we have plenty of herbs even triphala is such a great herb it cannot grow here some herbs there triphala is becoming world wide wonderful herb and it is a best for balancing vata, harita ki controls vata, amala ki, pitta, bibhida ki kappa so this triphala itself is a rasayan and triphala itself is an antioxidant enzyme it removes free radical and it gives longevity of life so it is a rasayanum so there are that much herbs may not be here definitely not there except in a tropical nation it is not available even among tropical climates probably nowhere else there are as many herbs as there are in India for whatever reason I have not found a logical or a scientific reason for this but a handful of soil in southern India has over 10,000 species of microbes and other things in a handful of soil nowhere else on the planet it is like that why it is like that what made it that way I don't think anybody has made a study as to why it is so but the fact is it is so so that much microorganism naturally produces that much variety of life the people have forgotten that how we are is very related to the number of plant life the variety of plant life there is variety of animal life the variety of insect, worm life and microbes that are around us how rich it is that's how rich our life is that's how evolved and complex and sophisticated our life becomes that's completely forgotten everybody is thinking if you eat so much protein this everything is going to be okay okay well you may grow your muscle and be there but all the subtleties of life may disappear from your life so in that context there is very limited amount of herbs here but I'm sure traditional people somehow should have managed their health with that even in Ayurveda they use the shuranga basma the harina shuranga and the after certain year the antler drop out and that muruga shuranga is used for cardiac complication for disease like arthritis, rheumatism so then thought came why it is so medicinal so then they realize that the deer eat weeping willows bark, weeping willows leaves and that weeping willows is the natural source of aspirin then they found nowadays they are using aspirin to prevent heart attack it is a blood thinner it is anti-inflammatory but in Ayurveda they are using harina shuranga basma and we can use muruga sundra lepa to the external joint and that will act as anti-inflammatory it will relieve the swelling, pain and inflammation much under control right now everywhere videos are going around on the whats happened everything in the social media that every day if you touch a cow hug a cow do this you will get mental and emotional balance absolutely yeah and that is a special cow about brahmin cow which has hump and they say that brahmin cow hump has a shushumana nadi that goes to her udder and that absorbs solar energy and that ghee prepared out of Indian cow doesn't increase cholesterol that's the beauty of it but western cow who has a flat back it is like modified buffalo yeah and this they have big udder and that milk from the western cow is rich in cholesterol and person can get heart attack so the Indian I would like to ask you one thing right now in Kerala people are claiming and we don't know how much of it is true but I know some of it is true people have preserved ghee in the earth they buried it in the earth and kept it for over 100 years it seems this ghee has tremendous healing absolutely possibilities can you say yeah yeah that is called shatah shatah means 100 years shatah varshah shatah sammatsaram means the ghee is buried in a clay pot into the soil 100 years because when ghee is staying in the soil for 100 years that much long time some molecular changes happen within the ghee and that ghee is rich in ojas it is rich in tejas and it is rich in prana because ultimately the pure essence of vatha dosha is prana pure essence of pitta is tejas and kafa is ojas and at cellular level ojas tejas prana they maintain cellular metabolic activity, cellular intelligence and flow of communication prana is a flow of communication so at cellular level in tejas prana they are operating and enhancing the cellular life so this 100 years old ghee puran gritham is the best medicine for eczema psoriasis even if you take internally it can heal peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis IBS, irritable bowel syndrome many disorders even autoimmune diseases this puran gritham is sreshtam, ojas karamparam promotes ojas is there any parallel in the medical sciences for tejas and ojas, prana are the beginning to recognize kanpa very good question prana is your neuroelectrical impulse your neuroelectricity but tejas is nothing but certain kind of amino acid they work at the level of cell membrane at the level of RNA they are tejas and ojas is the immune system so ojas tejas prana these are three important factors they maintain the life of a single cell the single cell can live longer and that's the beauty but there is no parallel one thing is there when liver destroys the old red blood cell and out of destruction of RBC the hemoglobin comes out and the hem is separated and globin part is ojas in the liver that's why doctors give gamma globulin short to prevent hepatitis so that globulin is a very special protein may be resembling to the ojas tejas is amino acid liver enzyme because liver is a seat of phybotagny every ether, air, fire, water earth has a agni component nabasa agni the agni component of space vayave agni the agni component of air which really absorbs the gaseous exchange happen because of that tejo agni which is responsible for cellular metabolic activity and apo agni which maintain plasma serum and partipo agni is a mineral calcium, magnesium, zinc so exactly when we study modern medicine and Ayurveda concurrently and inherently then we will understand which part is proud which part is tejas and which part is ojas the yogic sciences generally ojas is seen as a non-physical dimension of energy if you because everything physical has come from the non-physical if you create a cocoon of non-physical dimension of energy cocoon does not mean like this on the cellular level every cell has a little bit of non-physical dimension of wrap around itself that cell will continuously regenerate itself at a pace that is considered miraculous well your recovery from anything injury or any element will be like that first of all you don't get sick enough to be called sick depending on how violently you live when I say how violently see you are living a nice peaceful life I live a violent life I am on full speed on a motorcycle so my life is seven days of the week 365 days there is no day, there is no night sometimes it's 24 hours work it's 18-20 hours of work it's a violent life but still I have not cancelled a single event because I am not well such a thing has not happened in the last 39 years a certain amount of just kind of puts you back always it doesn't matter it's not that I have not been unwell well I caught flu, I caught this, I caught that many times but no matter what's happening I can still continue my activity so if what you said kind of interests me that OJAS is that kind of energy which is not physical in nature but if you are incubated in that always, if every cell is incubated in that always you are recovery or your ability to be beyond what physical things do to you I always say that OJAS can be measured on physical level in physical term as OJOSAR then tejas can be measured then there is a PARA OJAS and APAR OJAS so PARA is superior superior OJAS is so that a drop AASHTA BINDVATAKAM OJAS the a drop of superfine OJAS that comes to the heart and that stimulates pacemaker SA node then it stimulates to the AV node and to the bundle of his all cardiac activity are governed by that superior OJAS then inferior OJAS are the ANJALI which is half-pined and that is circulating throughout the body to maintain immunological response but there is a SHAKTI ROOP OJAS that become ARA so if you do meditation you are in Samadhi then that your OJAS become PARA OJAS PARA OJAS become ARA and that HELLO that ARA is nothing but OJAS but the color of the ARA is tejas and pulsation of ARA, vibration of ARA is PRAAN even at the ORIG level OJAS tejas PRAAN are operating in a certain SHAKTI form but in a physical form there is OJOPRAKRUTI and Ayurveda says the person with attractive eyes and very charming personality when he comes there is a whole vibration I look like a blind man so that is called so you fall into that category your PRAKRUTI is OJOPRAKRUTI so OJAS is a physical thing OJAS can be psychological thing which is bliss, joy, happiness and OJAS can be spiritual thing which is Samadhi so Ayurveda talks about these aspects I have always been so engaged with life I have never had the patience to study anything I am just absolutely involved with life inside and life outside correct so I never sat down and made a study of anything so you must tell us you have spent a lifetime of study I think your whole life is a study even you are a drug addict still you are observing you are learning there is no end to the study no end to the learning learning is at every moment and that is your humbleness you say I have no time but you are always in that process so just now yesterday night some journalist was asking me when you are riding what are you thinking about are you doing this I said not just when I am riding at any time I am not thinking about anything because this whole this is a European disease that has caught the whole world it's a pandemic that people think human thought is more significant than human attention human attention if it is keen enough intense enough and sustained absolutely human thought is just a recycling of what you already know but somewhere our education systems borrowed from European systems has inculcated in everybody that your thought is more important than your attention attention to creator's creation is more important than the nonsense that you make up in your head but everybody thinks you must be thinking something intelligent person well I don't think much that's why my face didn't become long with age people you know we lose their joy and they become like this they think they become serious about it well I think seriousness is the worst ailment because it's such a joke that you are here just for a few years before you thousands of years people have lived here when you're gone maybe the grass will be grateful because it's getting sustenance from you because you buried under me otherwise everybody will forget in a little bit of time and world will be fine without you but everybody thinks that they have become so important in this universe that they become very serious silly little thoughts that they're creating have become bigger than the cosmos I don't know for me life is about attention how keenly attentive you are is how much you know of life because everything that needs to be created is already created you just have to be attentive and enjoy the bounty of life that's here but people are trying to make up their own little world their idea of a world is one stupid building that they call as home and so much bank balance and four wheels parked in front of their house which is shinier than the neighbors wheels I mean this is the idea of creation when there is a magnificent creation all over so this creation of my job, my family, my this this keeps them busy and away from the creator's creation which is the worst thing that can happen to you absolutely so either way if it has to become the way of the world not necessarily in the form that it's come from India it can happen in so many different ways the fundamentals are right how it finds expression in different societies could be different if it has to happen first and foremost thing that needs to happen is that there must be a significance for the creation above your own creation correct till then I don't think people will take to Ayurveda everybody is looking for a quick fix of some kind correct and people are doing integration of Ayurveda and equipments Ayurveda and chiropractic Ayurveda and naturopath and Ayurveda and alopath because Ayurveda is all inclusive and it it doesn't mean that it belong to India it can belong to anywhere sir you are getting me into trouble when I said I said if you know I spoken in the United Nations and I said if yoga is Hindu, gravity must be Christian so even now the people who think they are more Hindu than me are hitting me everyday because they think I gave up yoga they don't understand if it has to become universal its identity has to rise right when first I came people saying oh this is a Hindu medicine I said no no Ayurveda is not only Hindu medicine it is for every religion how can science be a cultural or a religious identity cannot be so goes for Ayurveda so goes for yoga unless we understand this then we will keep it cloistered as we have done for thousands of years why Ayurveda has not become the universal system of medicine when it was one of the oldest forms of medicine with such complexity over 100,000 formulations right even modern pharmacopoeia doesn't have 100,000 formulations absolutely but it doesn't become because a constipated approach you have not stepped out and offered so yesterday some journalist was asking me because everyday they are there on social media asking me all kinds of questions I was standing next to an antique Coca-Cola vending machine an old one which is not in use right now I was in Sairona and I was telling this person let's see if you go to any Indian village ten years ago everybody had heard the word Coca-Cola but most people did not know what is yoga Indian villages I am talking about not native American Indian Indian villages our kind of India I am saying why is it simply because you are constipated in your approach if we try to push it you say oh you are marketing if all our programs are free in the villages but we charge in the cities oh your business Ray what's wrong with business I am saying business means somebody needs something and you decide to provide that to them if there is no transaction you can't keep it going how long will you keep it going it is not about personal profit it is about making sure the activity is sustainable isn't it if I run I did this first two and a half years when I thought after one big experience happened I wanted to share this first two and a half years I had done business for about five five and a half years by then first two and a half years I spent and did programs and programs free programs then I ran out of money then I went through a struggle what to do should I collect money not collect money because always there is a tradition that you know spiritual process you should not collect money then I saw when the fools come to program without money they are behaving like they have gone to a cheap cinema halfway through they want to get up go out smoke and come back the moment you charge them they sit there then it has a value see the unfortunate reality they make a commitment I will be here for this ten days or whatever but their word has no value the moment they pay one five thousand rupees they will sit there so whose problem is it yours or mine money is not my problem it is your problem so now we are trying to change that it is the most valuable thing should be well marketed correct right whether it is spirituality yoga ayurveda, siddha it must be well marketed presented in a way that people will appreciate and embrace not in some archaic way that nobody wants to do it your idea of spirituality is nobody should do it alright some weird thing you want to say some yogi who is some in some cave in Himalayas only does yoga nobody else does it because you presented it that way it is very important it is presented if it's well presented you call it marketing I don't say anything wrong with marketing it must be marketed if that's a word you like we will use that word yes let's market it well let's sell it well I never think in my mind of selling anything but now everybody is saying oh this is market this is business no I am particularly consciously using the word sell yes I will sell yoga it's up to you they are selling cocoa also carbon dioxide they are selling you want to buy that or you want to buy this make up your mind because your market is in your head what can I do the only place that you go to is a market place do you go to any other place hello the only place people want to go to is a market place isn't it shopping yes so if that is the only place you go that is the only place I can also be unfortunately but my mind is not market but I am okay whichever way it works in the world I am alright with it because I live in the times that I live I don't live at another time and be impractical about it you know people like one day I am in Chennai I had to speak in some conference he is in a hotel and somebody is driving and this man is a very civilized driver he is unfit to be in Chennai I am saying he is driving slowly behind somebody I said just stop it I made him get down I got into the driver seat and I did some aggressive driving went there because I made this commitment I will be never late to any event then now after this some terror attacks on things in every hotel in India there is a security check at the gate it's a meaningless nonsense most of the time they are just thinking the terrorist will get scared there is just one tiny little barrier gate if I have bombs loaded in my car I will drive through a damn gate anyway alright that guy doesn't have a gun that guy is not standing with a bazooka to stop me nothing he is just standing with one mirror and one whistle what is he going to stop a terrorist because it's a law they have all put up two two guys there so one car went and the gate was up and I burst through that because I am going to be late they all started whistling I went and parked there got out of the car ran into the hotel I was there on time I finished my conference and I came out after an hour the journalists were there when I ran in the way I blasted into the I entered the portigo maybe at fifty sixty kilometers per hour then when I came out this guy is asking in ancient times yogis used to walk you drive your own car what kind of a yogi are you then I said you idiot in ancient times everybody was walking not just yogis I am saying you have this kind of things if I must come walking I must from Coimbatore to Chennai if I come walking I become a yogi no I become a walker yeah I mean these kind of restrictions we put on ourselves and not reaching valuable sciences to the world can we losing it beautiful it's time Ayurveda yoga all these very precious sciences must reach the maximum number of people correct it's a very good thing that our prime minister pushed for it and now international yoga day has been declared it is not going to achieve everything that we want but at least it's in the consciousness of the world that yoga is legal absolutely in this group Ayurprana Mitesh Bhai come on yeah they have so much dedication so much love and they think like you they think that we should bring Ayurveda to the front so that the whole world will listen to it so this is quite a work it's a big team work and as you say this is an inspiration coming from your heart and they are already doing this work thank you give them big hand it's amazing it's good is New Mexico made marihuana legal not yet I have no idea is it no not yet I'm saying marihuana alcohol became legal marihuana became legal cocaine will become legal time we make yoga and Ayurveda legal thank you sir I don't want to take too much of your time


You're welcome back to the breakfast and plus TV Africa for today in history. We'll have the story of a third worst air crash in history and it occurred today, August the 3rd 1975. Now on this day in history there was a chattered boy in 707 aircraft. He was carrying immigrant Moroccans from France, their family in Morocco, when unfortunately it crashed into the mountain side in heavy fog early Sunday and all 188 people on board died. Like I mentioned it was a third worst disaster in civil aviation history and what happened to that plane was that when it crashed it immediately exploded and burned you know in a tiny village you know just that was two minutes before it was expected to land at the airport you know in southern Morocco. It was just a very terrible day in history. The news was awash with stories about this how this plane was supposed to arrive at 4 30 p.m. a.m. but the plane crash occurred at 4 28 just terrible. Really sad and this is in 1975 you know and so you know it makes me start to wonder you know how much more has been you know put into aircraft investigation and being able to you know make air travel safer generally. We've of course still remember the MH370 which I would always mention and you know a couple of other times when there have been you know similar disasters it's very important you know that work continues and you know the development of air travel continues to ensure that we reduce to its barest minimum the possibilities of air crashes. The sad thing is when this happened with this Boeing 707 aircraft they stopped production of this particular plane because of all the defects that occurred and then they began to sell it to carriers in the third world countries you know and selling them as well as one million dollars why does our people you know buy abandoned you know aircraft aircraft that have been involved in accidents and have been deemed unsafe for their people they sell it to us we you know so these things really because we don't make ours it's pretty simple you know if you make yours you know you don't need to buy you know when would Nigeria begin to make airplanes yeah right because that we make we know the popular brand how many Nigerians patronize them so when it seems like a tall order well would it be in our lifetime let's first of all survive COVID-19 and the NAROD strike we'll make cars and airplanes later let's go back to 1949 and this is of course the day that the NBA was formed it is currently one of the biggest sports in you know in in the world and it was a merger between two bodies that were of course in existence before that came together on this day to form the NBA on the 3rd of August in 1949 after of course a really really damaging three-year battle to win both players and fans a rival basketball association of America which is called BAA and the national basketball league nbl marriage to form the national basketball association the new NBA was made up of 17 teams that represented both small towns and large cities across the country and through the 50s the number of teams dwindled along with the fan support by 1954 to 1955 season only eight teams remained the league then transformed the game with the creation of the 24 second clock making play faster pace and more fun to watch and of course was created at that time by three corporations it claims the NBA rather claims the BAA's history as its own and considers the 1949 deal as an expansion not a merger today the NBA attracts players and millions of fans from countries around the world and the whole planet it's currently like I said one of the biggest games on the planet and of course currently I think currently has about 30 teams are playing in it including Milwaukee box yeah we can take a break here all right we'll come back to you with the state of security in Nigeria especially in the light of what occurred in plateau state over the weekend to stay with us


For me, as a project manager for the Gas Appliance CO-Sensure Project, I have stayed because I wanted to accomplish the goal of vaccine, the aftermath of dust and injuries from CO poisoning, and I really wanted to make a difference.