Do you want to know how a man in your life really feels about you? Or in other words, does he love you? Hi, I'm Matt. And after 13 years of teaching in the dating industry and helping thousands of women attract the men that they wanted into committed, lasting relationships, I've found that just by asking you a few simple questions, I can determine exactly how a man feels for you. If you're ready to find out how he feels, click the button on the right hand side of this video and take my quiz right now.


We review a selection of methods for performing enhanced sampling in molecular dynamic simulations. We consider methods based on collective variable biasing and on tempering, and offer both historical and contemporary perspectives. In collective variable biasing, we first discuss methods stemming from thermodynamic integration that use mean force biasing, including the adaptive biasing force algorithm and temperature acceleration. We then turn to methods that use bias potentials, including umbrella sampling and meta-dynamics. We next consider parallel tempering and replica exchange methods. We conclude with a brief presentation of some combination methods. This article was authored by Cameron Abrams and Giovanni Bussi.


Trust is cheaper than control. I've been saying this for a while, and this fellow, Jeremiah Aoyang, has very nicely been quoting me saying it, and I've been wanting to elaborate. I've been wanting to respond so that we could both kind of go deeper on the topic, and it turns out the topic's pretty deep and chewy and complicated. So I'm gonna take this in part starting with comparing control and trust. So that's this presentation here. We'll start with something we all pretty much know. Stoplight, this is a technology of control. Not that controversial. When the stoplight fails to stop us or when accident rates go up, we escalate. We add cameras, we add radar guns, we send automatic tickets in the mail or over email. We just sort of keep cranking up the knob and trying to make people obey these technologies of control. Inside companies, we have policy manuals, some of which are really detailed down to the last everything that happens. In manufacturing systems, sometimes there are work process designs that are very, very technical. Or there are simple things like vacation requests, figuring out what goes when, where we go, when we can go places. There's also people who have to punch in, clock in my first job at Disneyland in Anaheim.  I would get docked for a 10th of an hour. They kept military time if I was three minutes late to my dock position. Things like that. So this is definitely a technology of control. And then here's a school room. This seems innocent enough, but this room is completely full of technologies of control. What do I mean? Well, there's a clock on the wall that says when we're all supposed to be in our seats. We have grade levels so that everybody in this room, except the teacher, was born pretty much within 12 months of each other. The teacher takes roll at the start to make sure that everybody's actually in the room. When anybody needs to leave the room, they need a hall pass or an excuse from their doctor or their parent. We give them grades. In fact, the teacher gives them grades, which are a standardized way of controlling who's learned what and where that we move on. That is our record of what on earth we know. We all kind of know that that's not really a good record, but we reinforce this with standardized tests, which are a mechanism for controlling who gets into a particular school who moves on to higher levels from there. In this classroom, in many classrooms, particularly in the compulsory public education systems, they can only read from approved texts. The school boards dictate. In fact, the Texas School Board dictates for half the school boards in the country. What texts are allowed in the rooms? There's not a lot of freedom of what's there. And then post-columbine, we now have a lot of surveillance in schools. Schools are very, very afraid of shooters. Never mind Sandy Hook and so forth. This is really a created terror in the school system. In class, the teacher is God, whatever the teacher says, goes, and a strange thing has happened, which is we've militarized schools. Between the surveillance and everything else, SWAT teams get called into schools, disturbances that normally would have been something that went to the principal, now turn into criminal records for youths, for juveniles, all kinds of bad things have happened. If you wanna see more about where this has gone, look at the documentary, The War on Kids, which blew my mind. So that's a pretty depressing picture I'm painting. I'd love to describe to you some really viable alternatives that are based on trust. These are alternatives that exist today. So instead of the engineering artifacts that define how we design and implement traffic at intersections, I'm gonna describe something called traffic calming. Instead of policy manuals and all the affordances of control of employees, I'm gonna talk about different ways of trusting your employees. And then instead of the compulsory school system and all of its control mechanisms, I'll describe something at the other end of the spectrum called unschooling that depends on trusting kids to be curious and wanna figure things out. This is a still from a video that's on YouTube of a town called Pointon in the UK. This is the before picture. Notice that there are two lanes of cars at a stoplight at one side, not a lot going on in town and it's sort of ugly. And of course, anytime you renew a town, it's going to look better. But what they did to Pointon is they implemented traffic calming. They basically created a roundabout, in this case, strangely, a double roundabout where traffic always flows, like blood corpuscles in your arteries that always in motion, half the people are not waiting at one light. And that's interesting and the town certainly looks more beautiful now. But what's really interesting is that, and if you listen to the video, you'll hear this, they actually got back their city. Their foot traffic increased, people felt comfortable walking around downtown. The stores prospered, they got some community back as a measure of implementing traffic calming. One of the people who helped bring about traffic calming is this fellow Hans Mondermann, who was a Dutch traffic engineer, whom I met in 2006 after he had already implemented this in some 120, 30, 40 cities across Holland. He was really lovely and gave me a walking and driving tour through a couple towns that he had implemented traffic calming in. One of them was in Drachten. I posted several videos, 10 videos of that tour on YouTube way back when, they still get used quite a bit. His domain of course is street planning, urban design, traffic, and he would never go in a new town to the traffic engineers because they know exactly how to build streets. You put a light here, you paint the line there, you put a sign here, you add a radar gun. He actually had a very heretical way of doing this where he went to the city planners, other people, and he gave them tours of other towns where he had already done this. His heresy was that he was trusting people to make their way across intersections without killing one another. Pedestrians, bicyclists, drivers, truckers, the whole thing. So he was designing for eye contact. He wanted everybody to have to slow down enough to make eye contact and time their way through the intersection, which is really efficient. So this is called traffic calming or shared spaces. And then if I switch to this notion of the workplace, my favorite example on the globe is Ricardo Semler, the president of SEMCO, which was founded by his father, who appears to have been a real Type A, Type X kind of a standard issue manager who had a company that had all sorts of control systems in place. And Semler has a series of great videos on YouTube. There's a really nice TED talk that he finally did, but there's a series of longer interviews where he tells stories, including one where early on when his father took ill and he came back to the company, Semler as a kid was a surfer and a musician, did not want to inherit his dad's company, that sort of ended up happening. But then he came into the company and landed in a union negotiation with two union reps, one of whom turns out to be Lula, Luis Ignacio Silva da Lula, the guy who becomes the president of Brazil later on. And in these negotiations, they're talking about the five minute grace period that workers have after they punch in, they clock in, they have five minutes to get to their post and still be considered on time. And somewhere along the line, Semler gets the instinct to just get rid of the entire time control management infrastructure and just try to say, look, we want this work done, we want you to sort out how it's going to happen. And it took the union reps he was talking to more than four months to figure out that he was actually not lying. He wasn't trying to trick them out of the five minute grace period. He was trying to trust the workers and he then proceeded over the next couple of decades to implement a series of things where SEMCO, the company, is now democratic and full of trust at all sorts of different levels from scheduling and so forth on down to workers, set their own salaries and bonuses, but they also have open books for the company. So they know that if they take too much out of the company, the company won't exist next year. Now it's hard to have open books when the CEO is making 50X or 100X what the least paid employee is making or maybe more. So maybe that indicates that fairness has a role to play here as well. So this is in the domain of management. He's been trusting his employees. These kinds of strategies go under different names like democratic workplaces, co-determination, also things like holocracy, wirearchy, wholearchy, there's a variety of variants of this you'll see experimented in the workplace. Netflix has a vacation policy. For example, it says there is no policy. We don't do any tracking. There's also no clothing policy at Netflix but nobody comes to work naked. The lesson is you don't need policies for everything. Then unschooling. We're all pretty familiar with school. Most of us went to schools and survived. We made it through. We got our credentials. We moved on up through the ladder. And at one point, some 20 years ago, I got an article put in front of me. Doc Searle sent me a magazine called The Sun that had a reprint of an article called The Six Lessons School Teacher by John Taylor Gatto, the guy pictured at the bottom here. And I read that. And Gatto was basically saying, look, nominally I'm your English teacher but there's a hidden curriculum in school and here's what I'm doing. I'm teaching children obedience, dependence, and all sorts of other bad things that they really shouldn't be learning because they were born curious. And what unschooling says, and there are many proponents, Grace Llewellyn, John Holt, Paolo Freire, Ivan Illich, a whole series of people I could point you to to learn more about it. They're basically saying, look, you can trust children to be curious and to want to figure out what their role is in life. That's what they're all about. Just watch any five-year-old. So what if you had an infrastructure, minimal infrastructure that allowed that to happen? So they're working in education and learning. Their heresy is, hey, maybe we should trust the young folk. This is called unschooling and or free range children or it goes by a series of different names. But for me, it's a really inspiring way of talking about trust. I've been talking about only three sectors of human activity. Other sectors are just as bad. They're just not as much fun often to talk about, but governance, politics, policy diplomacy, the war on drugs, how we police and enforce laws, healthcare, gender, sex, and love, parenting, all of these areas are full of control mechanisms that we don't really notice. We take them for granted. So trust is cheaper than control. This is just the first section comparing control and trust. The next section is going to talk about the costs of control. All of this is part of a prezzy mini-documentary-like thing, a transmedia experiment called on trust, which is part of a larger thesis I call the relationship economy. For more, go to GerryMakulski.com or subscribe to this channel. Thanks very much for listening.


Hello, you can also use timers to turn your lights on or off when you want. Just say Alexa turn on the lights in 30 minutes Hello, hello, hello, I use the echo to turn on my studio lights Echo's got real chatty lately it just Wants to keep talking to you. So this time I said turn on the lights and it said did you know that you can Turn on the lights on a timer just by snit and like, okay, that's kind of interesting. I'm not gonna lie, but really I'm busy I'm gonna do the editor's desk Live for you Well, why would it do that? I wouldn't do that. Why would it pick the wrong mic? Thank you, Ryan Good day bio Cal Lazy tech tony. How are you? How are you? How are you? Hope you're good. Um, yeah, so I'm gonna do the editor's desk Which is usually something you only get delivered to you for as a patron At the associate producer level or above and it you would only get it delivered to you that way But I you can watch me record it. I'm gonna put that in the editor's desk Editors this is just where patrons email me and Ask me questions. Hey, got the mites I was skimming the bol tenure video yesterday. Oh, we're almost in nine years since the tenure That's crazy talk I'm gonna just respond to that email real quick. Okay Lots of editors desk questions very nice I've got three questions. I'm going to answer on the editor's desk today They are from people in the audience like ian, for example Uh, if I don't get to your question today, I will get to it And if you have a question that you haven't said to me, please do feedback At daily tech news show.com as you're listening think like, you know, I have a question Just write it down use the electronic mail system to send it to you Our electronic mail carriers will hand deliver it to my electronic inbox All right, ian says quick question in my head. See ian did exactly that Do you take the time to see if anybody that contacts the show is a patron? It is a given that an editor's desk question is from a patron, but what about anything else? It's human nature that you may pay more attention to patrons email. Thank you ian aka the geeky britt Uh, no That's a short answer I don't I don't look to see if the person is a patron. Uh, I treat all the emails the same Though Some people I know are patrons. I recognize them and I know they're a patron And I wouldn't deny the possibility that part of my brain Approaches those emails in a more friendly manner because I'm like, oh look at that. It's so and so Uh, but but other than that. No, I if someone's just emailing daily tech news show uh, we judge the Show worthiness of the email based on the content of the email And my standard is usually is this something that the wider audience would benefit from hearing either I bet a lot of people have the same question or that's a really interesting piece of insider information That I bet they they didn't know uh, that sort of thing. So yeah, uh, if someone emails the show Their email gets treated Exactly the same as anybody else's Then we have this email I've been extremely busy, but noticed during the ending of the show it no longer states This show is part of the frog pants network It may be none of my business and that is an acceptable answer But thought I would ask why the change is this a good thing just trying to understand Uh, yes, uh, good fair totally fair question Um, we're still as much a part of the frog pants network as we have ever been Uh, which is to say it's a very loose situation between uh, scott Uh and us and it always has been and on fridays. You'll notice I still play the frog pants outro um But the reason That we got rid of the frog pants intro monday through thursday is because howard made us that great little stinger The dtns family podcast Helping each other Understand which was awesome. And I thank howard for that and because there are more podcasts out there that are part of our family Uh android faithful apple vision show the tech john barbecue and tech ai named the show Uh, we figured uh, you know, we should have our own stinger now Uh to indicate you're there But then it became like well, do we get rid of the diamond club or do we get rid of frog pants because playing all three Frankly, that's just a bit much playing two is pushing it so We decided you know what frog pants is the looser of the two diamond club is is as Much as it may or may not really exist at any given moment Uh means our fans and so we should keep the fan thing And uh, we kept the frog pants thing once a week because of that Uh, I hope that answers that question tim Said the perennial question that I will answer again Do you guys receive the same amount of money from patreon if I do a yearly plan or the two months savings? I see just transaction fees trying to figure out if you're short changed Uh, just just another opportunity for me to let people know that if you go yearly, it benefits us uh, it saves in transaction fees and It over the course of all of you doing it saves in people forgetting to Change credit card info or having a payment problem. It you know locks in for 12 months. So I believe That uh, that I don't believe I know that people doing yearly benefits us So even if the math if you just did the math it'd be like well the transaction fees are this month But maybe you're getting a couple pennies less Uh We're ending up getting a lot more because it guarantees the 12 months if that if that makes any sense Uh, all right. I think I had one more One more question Oh, yeah, chris wanted to know how does one sponsor a shout out Is it something through patreon?  Great question. The the sponsored shout out came as a result of matt and a couple other folks Saying hey, it'd be fun if we could Kind of give one of our shout outs to someone Uh, and so matt just kind of went and did it and said here's 50 bucks Give them a master level shout out this month Uh, and so so we did so it's very informal Um, you you just uh somebody what what has happened up until now as someone sends us The money through patreon or through paypal Uh through our paypal address which you can find on the website And says this is to sponsor a shout out um and then We pick someone at random who is not otherwise going to get shouted out and we say hey You've been sponsored a shout out. Uh, in one case matt said please say it this way And so we said it that way which is fine. We wouldn't be like this shout out sponsored by Uh tipped in appliances tipped in for all your refrigerators. You know, we're not going to turn it into an ad Uh, but if you want to say this this shout out of miss music teacher Sponsored by matt then we'll say that uh, that that that's fine. So anyway, there you go. That's how you sponsor a shout out You know what I think I can get to another one Daniel writes dtns family of podcasts You know, he just said dtns family Some of the conversations over the last few months got me thinking when I upgraded from associate producer to co-executive producer I lost my access to my dtns only feed Side bracket He didn't lose access to it. It's just that we no longer provide a dtns only feed on patreon But if you weren't getting it before we didn't cut you off So, I mean, I guess he he lost it by changing tiers, but we don't even offer it We we should have cut it off for everybody because we don't offer it But we decided well if you're still getting it, you know, we'll only you'll only lose it if you change tiers anyway Uh, so I've been listening to gdi for about a year and a half now and I've been very happy with it However, without a regular commute that lets me listen to a lot of podcasts. I've had to unsubscribe to some podcasts I'm typically about a week behind on dtns. I've thought about going back to the public feed But I do want the other shows I also understand why it couldn't continue the way it was the recent talks about a weekly show got me thinking Right now the options are daily tech headlines dtns public and gdi I think my ideal based on length only would be something in between dtns and dth I really want the conversations from dts dtns. So I wouldn't switch to dth However, if some of the less timely discussion topics were moved to a weekly show That would be interesting It probably wouldn't work for most people and it would be a lot too much work I can't recall the other topics now and this email is long enough. Sorry for rambling. I'm just thinking or is it buzzing out loud? Thanks for all the great content dan. Ah, dan. What a wonderful email. Thank you for writing this. I love the way you wrote it, too um, it is something that um aim us who's uh in the chat room or at least was a few minutes ago Uh, has been tooling around with is is coming up with some kind of weekly edit of dtns to make available to people now He says In chat right now It's just too much effort to maintain all the separate feeds adds a little time to publishing and more importantly offers another opportunity for error Uh, so that is one of the reasons that we haven't just jumped on doing it because patreon does not make it easy To offer you alternate feeds within the same patreon. You have to create a separate patreon Um, so we we tried to do that back when we had the multiple tiers and everything and it was just a mess um, so I love this idea of of weekly and uh aim us is is toying around with it and we we should probably give it more attention than we have been given it, but I think uh, I think there is something to it and we'll keep working on the best way to Do it efficiently and also justify the time it takes to do it and provide it to the people who want it I mean, I would just give it to patrons as an option, but then people are going to be like well, wait I don't want this. This is too much stuff. I don't need this. I listen every day, etc. etc. So um, yeah Amos is like i'm ready So, yeah, uh, we just we just need to to solve those those very solvable problems and then we can do something like that But yeah, it's it's weird. Everybody wants a different thing, but if you offer everyone all the things then people say that's too much choice I don't want all those choices So it's trying to trying to balance all that out for folks All right, that is it for the editor's desk. Thank you all for supporting us at patreon.com slash d t n s and Send us your thoughts feedback at daily tech news show com and I will talk to you soon. Why? Why we have so many people hanging out today. That's that's awesome. Good to see everybody both on twitch and on youtube Hi, howdy everybody Oh, yeah, there's a little uh, I have this little shroud the shroud of camera That comes down. Thank you We are going to mention denmark and google on the quick hits cr poll. Yes and it's in my uh It's in my newsletter too At free tech newsletter dot com Although, I don't think it's in the free version now that I think about it I am going to post audio of the editor's desk We get more twitch viewers these days bio cow It is it is Well, we get more twitch live viewers We actually get more youtube viewers when you consider later on demand Because twitch isn't just set up for on demand, but live. It's still mostly twitch because that's the habit that people have But the youtube channel in general gets more people so Whatever happened to patrick beija lemonlee. Um, he's living his life in finland, which has a horrible Time difference which makes it painful for him to do the show live He has two kids, uh, which make it painful to do anything in his life that isn't his kids Although his kids are wonderful and not painful. Uh, so yeah, he's just it's a story of of too busy and too hard With time difference. So there you go Yeah, if you can make showbot work with uh youtube Uh, I think that would be helpful But it's not something where it's like, oh my god, we have such a big audience better You better hurry up and do that. Yeah I see him post, uh in places to clinton. I see patrick, uh posting and and it does seem like he's He's slowly been getting back into his own podcast like loranda vutek He hasn't done the filius club in a while. I feel like when I start seeing him do the filius club again Then that means he's coming up for error so I'm hopeful for that But yeah, you know what I haven't gotten in touch with him in a while I should get in touch with him Because I like the old patrick beija. He's good folks all right, um What should I name this editor's desk? What happened to frog pants? Tom explains the new end of show stinger Um Oh, thanks goth them heights. I'm glad I'm glad you enjoy getting that Com explains the new end of show stinger Uh, what else did I talk about? This is that thing that happens when you're done with a show and you just can't remember anything you just said This is happening to me right now And nothing happened to frog pants binary spiral. We we just uh play their stinger less often than we used to uh How to sponsor a shout out thank you and a weekly Version of a daily tech show Hmm. There we go What's wrong with the Tampa Bay Rays? All right This just goes to those folks Publishing now Oh, yeah, do patrons get preference. That's all right that I tease that Jonathan Colton Booking for the 2025 joco cruise. I can't believe he's still doing those cruises. That's awesome Hey, philip shane Good to see all of y'all. All right So hey amos. We don't have any, um patron stuff in today's template yet Uh, okay, those have been xxigned That should be xxigned those are assigned I'm gonna knock out for consideration Thank you And prove it on the show tomorrow Oh, I still need a gdi topic crap During dtns. We see youtube comments here, but not during office hours I don't know how you're seeing youtube comments in twitch then Maybe joe is doing something I was unaware of That's weird Oh, yeah, frog pants does does a thing during tms where you can see things In both, but we have not done that Gemini Okay, so it's not anything i'm not i'm unaware of it's just frog pants doing it tms doing it Uh, i'm glad to that you think of us all as the same That's good rogers blog about steve jabs versus the vision was really interesting would be great to hear a dtns sorry agreed testing hi clinton I see you I see both in stream yard. Well, let's look at the uh, the old feeds shall we? Astrazine yeah, do y'all have something you'd like to hear me justin and sarah talk about today knowing justin Jiminy cricket not gemini cricket 25 m dpx man, no he didn't Guilty pleasure got them heights. You know what I kind of like that What do you think? Well, we're going to talk about gemini in the main show philip shane So that's that's for sure. We could extend that could extend into gdi tennis Uh deep thick video conference. I see yep See our poll. I know what you mean But as someone who's covered this for 20 years every time there's a name change Somebody says that I like whatever the old name was better You can never change a name without having a good chunk of people say that So they're just used to it I called bard brad for a while to binary spiral I guess we'll call it gemini now Man hit a dry spot We could just extend the conversations from dtns today Well, I think uh, I think that's all I need to do prep wise. I got to go do a couple of the things that aren't on camera Um, no no see our poll. I know you're not complaining. It's just funny to me that like There's always somebody who liked the old name better and and legitimately so right I agree. Sometimes those code names are uh, the nintendo revolution was one that I was on that That fence of like, oh no revolution way better than we I mean, I got used to it, but Nintendo revolution. How cool was that? Thank you. Amos Yeah, I thought bard was a pretty good name too But bard wouldn't work across all of its uses. I I assume that's why they Why they changed it cat philip shane All right, thanks y'all this this was great. This was a fun chat Um, I'm sorry to have to cut it off But I do have a couple of the things to to get to and uh, sorry It's been so long since I last did a live But uh, this encourages me to do them more having so many of you hanging out and chatting and and saying hi So uh, stick around. We will be live in an hour and a half For regular dts. All right Thanks y'all. See you later


Hello everybody! In this video I'm going to tell you how to combine two partitions of one hard disk, SSD or USB drive into one, or how to extend one partition at the expense of another within a Windows operating system. Now you can do it with standard system utilities or third party programs. In our channel and blog you will find solutions to any problem, from installing an operating system or configuring it to fixing possible bugs and errors or optimizing mobile gadgets. Our specialists will answer any questions you ask in your comments under the videos or articles. If you face the need to extend the system partition or another partition on your hard disk, for example, if one of your partitions is almost full, you can choose between several ways of solving this problem. It's either moving the data to another disk or extending this partition at the cost of another one, as long as it's possible. Later on, I'll show you what means of your operating system can help you cope with a problem and with third party apps can help you merge partitions without losing the important data. You can combine two partitions of a storage device into one with the help of a standard utility within your Windows operating system – the Disk Management. You can find it by right-clicking on the Start menu and selecting it from the list. Or by right-clicking on this PC, Manage, Disk Management. In the window that opens, you will see the list of all your disks – their size, file system and other data. Combining two partitions into one is no rocket science, but before you make it, make sure that the two partitions really belong to one hard disk. As you can see, my computer has two separate hard disks, and one of them is divided into two partitions of 200 gigabytes each. These are the partitions I can combine, or I can use one of them to extend the other. Yet it's impossible to combine two different hard disks into one. As you can see, in this case, the function ExtendVolume is enacted. Before you start combining partitions, you need to delete the existing volume which you will use to extend the other partition. To do it, right-click on it and select Delete Volume. As a result, there is a window warning you that deleting the volume will destroy all its data. So if there is anything worth keeping, copy such information to another device. Watch another video on our channel about recovering accidentally deleted data. Find a link in the description. Choose Yes to confirm your decision. When the operation is over, you will see a partition containing some unallocated space. Now you can move on to combining, so right-click on the disk you want to extend and select ExtendVolume. In the next window you can choose how much space you would like to add to the existing disk. By default, all the available space is selected, but you can change the size in this line. Click Next and then Finish. When the process is over, you'll see a disk of large size or several disks if you didn't use all the available space for extending. This is the end of combining disk partitions. Such method will work with both conventional hard disks and SSDs. You can watch one of our videos to see how to split a disk into partitions. Find the link in the description. There are also lots of third party apps to help you combine partitions without losing your data. One of those worth mentioning is a free utility MMA Partition Assistant. With this application, you'll be able to extend a disk at the cost of another disk and without losing a single bit of data. To do it, right-click on the disk you are going to use for extending another disk. In my case, the donor disk will be disk G and choose Change Partition Size. On the left, drag the slider to select the necessary amount of space to add to the disk which you want to extend and then click OK. Then, right-click on the disk which you want to extend, in my case, does disk H, select Change Partition Size and in the window that opens, drag the slider on the right until the free space is filled and then click OK. Click Apply to start the process and agree to begin combining the disks. When the operation is over, you will see a notification that all operations have been completed successfully. Now let's check the disks. As you can see, their size has changed, but the information stored on them is still available and intact. In this program, you can also merge all protections of a disk without losing data. To begin, right-click on one of the protections you are going to merge. It should be the one which is treated as primary when merging and the one where all data will be saved. Select Merge. Choose all protections you want to merge and the letter below will be the name of the final partition you get after merging. The data from the other protection can be found under this path. Then click OK and Apply. If one of the protections is a system partition, you'll have to restart your computer and this process will be longer than usual. When your PC restarts, you'll see that the partitions have been merged into one and the data previously stored in the second partition is now saved on the new partition with a corresponding letter. As you can see, the procedure itself is not too complicated. But if you are a beginner and there is some important information on the disks, it's recommended to copy it to another device which is not going to be affected by the merging operations. All these methods can be applied to a conventional hard disk or an SSD. The merging process is similar in Windows 10, 8 or 7. If you split your USB drive into partitions, there is a special video guide about it in our channel, and the link is in the description. And now you're wondering how to roll back these changes. Run the command prompt as administrator and then type the following commands one by one. Disk port. List disk. After you type the command, you have to find out the number of your flash drive. In my case, it's number 2. Now type the command selectDisk2 and add the number of the disk. Follow it with the command clean to destroy all data in this USB drive. After that, just go to Disk Management, right-click on it and select New Simple Volume. Now the USB drive has one partition of the corresponding size. And that is all for now. Hit the like button and subscribe to our channel. Leave comments to ask questions. Thank you for watching and good luck.


Soon after I became a Dean of the River Campus Libraries at the University of Rochester, Don Waters of the Mellon Foundation asked a question, which he asked the most new library deans, which is what keeps you up at night. And so at the top of my list were questions about copyright and fair use. Because really in the library community, with a lot of questions that we have, we could always, for example, put out on a listsurf, considering something in digital humanities. Does anyone have a job description to share or something like that? Well when it came to copyright and fair use, you put a question like that on the listsurf. What are you doing? What are your best practices around eReserves, for example? You would get deafening silence. Because we just knew we could not put that in writing, we couldn't have conversations. And it was very frustrating because it was such a core piece of what we're doing and yet we aren't able to share ideas and have conversations. So when I brought that to Don's attention, he thought that perhaps the Mellon Foundation could help because it could serve as a convening body and it could really bring together individuals to work on this problem without causing attention on any one particular institution, which is really part of the concern. So every other month, the library meets with the University Council and we bring to them the real questions that we're having. And we're looking around fair use and copyright. We look at the law. We look at the code of best practices. We look at past practice at Yale. And we think about on a case-by-case basis which we would be doing. And we use that discussion to be an opportunity to document our decisions, to go through the exercise of thinking about fair use, and hopefully creating what we hope will be a set of decisions that we can look back on and say why did we make the decision that we did and we can document the fact that it was not just a random decision, but it was a really thoughtful process and hopefully build for us a set of decision-making processes. So future decisions, when we look at a particular collection and think about what we can or cannot do, we can look back at our own local sort of case law. Let's say, look at our own local case law and say, well, how is this related? How is it similar? And not have to sort of reinvent the wheel over and over again. So without the code and that as a catalyst, I really don't think we would have made as much progress as we are now. So we have this process in place and we're meeting every other month and we're really starting to pick up some momentum about having these conversations and it's giving us a vehicle for making decisions around copyright and best and fair use at Yale and the libraries in a way that we just couldn't do before. We're working with a lot of special collections, for example, and we're looking at deeds of gifts and we're looking at international law. So we received a collection from overseas. What did the deed of gift look like? What does international copyright law look like? And how might we make a decision about what we can and can't do with that collection? So that's causing us to say, well, we have a lot of ambiguity in the past. But going forward, can we establish a new deed of gift that we're comfortable with and we don't have this ambiguity going forward? So those are sort of two examples. Another one would be materials, again, within special collections that have cultural sensitivity. So thinking about audio recordings from 40 years ago in the field, an anthropologist in Africa, should we digitize this? Should we make this available to the world? Certainly those individuals never thought that their voice would ever be heard by the world and so there wasn't that human subject review piece. How do we think about that problem and who should have access and privacy? So it's a lot of really thorny issues, but at least we feel like now we have a form to be discussing them. So we're going far beyond, I think, what the code was focused on, but it became that vehicle. It got us started and once we got going, it feels like, well, why should we stop here? Why should we stop with copyright and fair use in a more defined sense? Let's think about other intellectual property issues that are really complicated issues and let's get started.


If I was in Arizona, I had my gun on me and no one would know. So you really got to figure out a way to balance this with your life. I didn't get into any legal stuff because everyone is from different states and there's different laws. Some places like Arizona, if someone breaks in my house, Castle Doctrine in a domain, if someone breaks in my house, I'm in fear of my safety, I can defend myself. Other places we used to do, this is a demo in our CCW class. Someone broke into a house, the guy was in his upstairs and ran into his basement with the gun. He chased him downstairs into the basement. He ended up shooting the guy.  He shot the guy. Well, then later, the guy who did the shooting, who was the homeowner, got in trouble because he didn't try to hop out the basement window and try to escape.  That was one of the reasons I moved away from California, too, because it's just the laws. I can't defend myself. That's insane. But I always recommend to whatever state you guys are in. Either they have a book called the Arizona Gun Owners Guide, and every year they update it, but this guy started writing the book for other places, too. So you might be able to buy his book and find the laws on lethal force. Otherwise, I'd try to go to the gun range and see if they have any guys there, maybe the CCW instructors. Law enforcement guys there, where a lot of times they have lawyers who help teach the classes, and then you can get a lawyer who's pro-gun who can then explain this stuff.  What should I do in this situation? I'm like, are you in fear of your safety? Yes. And I shoot. That's really all that comes down to in Arizona. So everyone's different. Obviously can't talk liability-wise, so I always say, just be careful. And even when I did my CCW instructor course, it was taught through DPS, which is the state police in Arizona, and the head dude was running it, who's a cop. He said, even you guys here, if you guys ever get in a lethal force encounter, and you end up having to use it, don't say anything. Don't even say anything. Because anything you say can and will be used against you. He goes, even if it was a completely justified shoot, you could say something like, oh my god, I can't believe I shot him like 15 times. Like he kept moving. I kept shooting him. And I couldn't believe these hollow points, these new ones I got.  It was crazy.  Adrenaline's pumping. You're not thinking straight. Maybe something like that comes out. He writes it in the report. Well, you're totally justified in that shoot.  And then he had cop killer bullets or human killer bullets or that stuff in it too.  I would always say too, like, I just had a life and death situation. I need to get checked out. I need to make sure I'm okay. And then talk to a lawyer. Protect yourself. Which I think we were talking a little bit about legal stuff before. There's a really good video on YouTube where it's a college professor of law. And he gets on stage and does like a whole little 30 minute speech where he goes down all these laws of things that can be used against you. You imported a fish from another country. Well, part of the Constitution, part of all these amendments and everything is we honor laws of other lands. Well, now having that law as a fish is a felony, have this fish because it's like a protected fish. Well, now you can be charged with that in America and it's this whole crazy thing. And right after him, he goes, okay, now there's a detective, a homicide detective. He gets on stage. He's like, let's see his point.  He goes, even if you didn't do the shooting, there's cases of this where the guy, they go, oh, so-and-so got killed. So they think he did it.  He's like, well, it's your mom. That's a bad alibi. So they throw that out the window. And then he goes, during the statement, they go, why didn't kill him?  So then later in court, they go, didn't you say that you're glad he's dead and they can use that against you? You guys ever watch this show, The Wire? Yes. That's one of the most amazing TV shows of all time. It was on HBO a while ago. Awesome. Very accurate with the law enforcement stuff. And there's a lot of scenes where they're trying to get the drug dealers there. They lie to them. They flip cops are allowed to lie to you about stuff too. So they lie. They try to get the guys to flip.  Especially, and I'm not saying do stuff illegal and then lie to the cops or whatever. But I'm saying if you're doing something like this, I just defended myself. I had to use a gun on someone. Two minutes later, I don't want to start blabbing and talking about all this stuff. All right, three things I want to talk about for follow-up reading. And then we're going to get into Q&A. So one thing I want to get into, and I didn't cover it here at all, but it's the OODA cycle. It's called the OODA loop. It was written by Colonel John Boyd, who people consider the best military strategist of all time. But a lot of people don't even know who he is. So I recommend reading as much as you can about this guy.  He went to the Air Force Top Gun School. I think the Top Gun School was like the Navy. And he went to the Air Force one. And it's a huge deal to be invited to go there.  And if you ever get invited back later to teach, that's insane. He went through it, graduated. They asked him to stay and keep teaching. They used to call him 42nd Boyd. Within 40 seconds, he would let someone get on a 6 and he would flip things around and always get behind them. He actually came up with a mathematical equation to show why the MiGs were smoking our F-14s, which is the Top Gun plane, where the wings moved.  It's like, get one plane to do a couple things shitty instead of one plane to do one thing well. He actually, with a lot of people knowing, developed the F-15, which then became one of the 16 which is the baddest shit out there. And his buddies that worked with him developed the A-10 Warthog, if you know about that, which is like the best ground support airplane there is. But a lot of people have never even heard of him. During the first Desert Storm too, he was an advisor. It's amazing stuff. O-O-D-A cycle. It's a thought process loop. Observe, orientate, decide, action. Whoever goes through that thought process loop first generally wins the engagement. And the whole time, you're gathering information and operating, updating your choices. And if you're already cycling through this and someone else is reacting, you guys have heard action is faster than reaction. This is the better breakdown. I got really into this stuff and that's why when I got in a pickup, I picked things up so fast and so good because I already knew about stuff like this. O-O-D-A loop. Just Google that. And you can also, I have a forum. My website's BravoPUA.com, but I have a free forum and I just added a section a little bit ago called The Armory where we're talking about some guns and stuff. But it's like an off topic. A lot of my guys are ex-military guys and stuff. So we're talking about guns and gear and stuff. But O-O-D-A loop. That's something I talk about. Just Google that phrase. Read about it on Wikipedia.  On combat. That's a book I recommend you guys read. It's written by Colonel Grossman, who also had on killing, on combat. Actually on combat and on killing, those are good books. But he has this great post. And a couple of people, we already talked about it. There's this great breakdown. I posted it in the Armory section of my site where it's basically there's three types of people in the world. Sheep. Most of the bad guys. Sheep. They're the civilians. Most of the people just, they don't care about anything. They don't worry about anything. And just hopefully no one comes into tax them. And then there's sheep dogs, which are usually military law enforcement. The people who step up and will protect the sheep from the wolves that they need to. Great little breakdown because it talks about how the sheep, if the wolves haven't been around for a while, the sheep start looking at the sheep dogs and they don't like them. Because it reminds them that there's wolves out there. And the sheep dogs kind of look like a wolf. They have fangs. They kind of look like them. But when a wolf wants to attack a group of sheep, it just takes one sheep dog to scare them off. So reading that, I say that's something every man needs to read and understand where you fall out in that category. And I'm not saying one's wrong and one's right. Well, being a wolf is wrong. But I'm not saying being a sheep is necessarily wrong, but it's not for me. Also Gates of Fire. That's just like one of my all-time favorite books. And I think every man should read that. Basically like the Battle of Damopoli, the 300 and all that. So I wanted to get to Q&A. I saw all the guys earlier raise their hands and we're talking about some stuff.  So who's up first? Red shirt. What would you say is the most practical martial art to take up if you're going to take one up? What's the most practical martial art? I'm a big fan of Brazilian jiu-jitsu. One of my friends I taught with, he's in Afghanistan. He's overseas right now. He was a Red Sash in Kung Fu. He was a black belt in Kimpo. He's a sea lot instructor, which does Karambit stuff, Indonesian martial art.  He became a cop and he couldn't get almost any of it to work on resisting opponents. Any of it. He started doing Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Carlson Gracie side. He got his blue belt, and he said, after he got his blue belt, all of a sudden all the other shit he started learning all those years, he was now able to do. The problem is most martial arts don't train realistically. And if there's not potential for you getting hurt, you're not trained hard enough, and it's a waste of time. So most schools, they train it like 5% or 10%. Like when I did ikejitsu, it was like, okay, grab the head, we sweep them, and we throw them, and that's a neck break.  So in the heat of the battle, you don't rise to the occasion. You default to your training. So if you train here, that's all you're going to be able to bring. If you train here, which is what I love about jiu-jitsu, because you do an arm lock, tap, that's it. Well, if I need to, broken. Choke hold, tap, okay, he's out. If I need to, I hold on for a couple more seconds, he's unconscious. So the training is so close to real life. And then when they did the old UFC's, jiu-jitsu destroyed everyone else.   And he was Brazilian jiu-jitsu, and if you want to get more serious in boxing, kickboxing, do some gun training, and then I do some edge weapon, which is Kali. And I don't like a lot of the martial arts. Most of the ones that try to jam it all together, like the combative stuff, World War II combatives are all out, even Krav Maga. A lot of the stuff I've seen, they try to cram it all together, and then they do it all poorly. So I'd rather do one thing and get good at it and then supplement to it later. And also, too, we talked about, too, because you're taller. I'd go boxing, kickboxing for some reach and length for you. And as far as, like, if you're going to look for a good knife, what kind of investment should you be making into that? Good knives, Benchmade's a good brand. Spyderco's a good brand. Columbia River's an okay one. This is a blade tech. It's made by 511 now, which makes all those cargo pants and all, like, those military guys and stuff where. Microtech I like. I'm a big fan of Strider Knives. It's the one I had yesterday. It was, like, a $400 folder. But Benchmade's Spyderco's, you can get those for, like, 50, 60 bucks. But you want to think about it. Is it a tool that you're going to be cutting boxes open?  It's mostly a self-defense one. And I also like this, too, because folders aren't that great, because you have to open them. And under stress, I'm going to have to pop this open. It's kind of hard to do. Just because I can pull it out. There's basically, like, a brass knuckle. If I get hit and my hand loosens up, that necessarily doesn't drop out of my hand.


Lagos State Governor Babaji Desong Oulu and the son of four most civil rights leader Dr. Julius Marcus Gaby Jr. are among the dignitaries suspected at the diaspora festival-tagged Fort Lagos Door of return event. Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Nigerians in the diaspora commission NITCOM, ABK Dabir Rerewa, disclosed this at the press conference held in Lagos. Dabir Rerewa said the event is being organized in partnership with the Lagos State government saying that the door of return includes receiving Nigerians that were taken as slaves over 400 years ago historically, spiritually, emotionally and physically. Dabir Rerewa disclosed that the diaspora festival would witness the reenactment of the experience of captured slaves chained in the neck and legs as they wriggled through the point of no return to the ship. The door of return includes receiving our brothers and sisters that were taken away as slaves over 400 years ago historically, spiritually, emotionally and physically is a connection to what we call the joy of return. They're going to take a long walk through that path to the point of no return. They're now come back where we receive them as kings and queens from the place where their ancestors were taken away many, many years ago. It's a very emotional ceremony and it's an event that everybody needs to participate in. If I ever came and been, I used to walk through that door. Now what the Lagos State will do eventually is look at permanent door in Badakre Lagos. So when you come witness the joy of return ceremony on the 21st of October, you're going to see what Badakre has, what Lagos has for tourism. It is something that the Lagos State government is committed to. We're going to restore what she has called the door of return and the joy of return. We're going to make sure that every black man who wishes to trace their history back to Africa comes through that door. And Mr. Babagidis Oulu is committed to this project. Badakre is a hidden treasure. Badakre is somewhere where everybody who is residing Lagos and Nigeria must visit at one point in time in their life. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


I asked you to satisfy me. Okay, I don't know what that was. A few weeks, days, I don't know how long it's been. I looked at some satisfying videos on Reddit, and I wasn't super satisfied. It was des, but I asked you to use hashtag satisfyEF and send me your most satisfying videos. So today, this one is from Aliyah. It's cleaning a grill, so I'm already looking forward to this. This is gonna be nice. Using a squeegee and a grill. Ooh, okay, so it's a hot, hot, hot, hot, hot grill. What are they pouring onto it? Just oil? What is that? I didn't see what the bottle was. Ooh, a nice scrape. Yes, no strong chemical odors. Nice, very nice. Ooh, yeah, get all that grease and stuff out. Ooh, oh, that's really nice. That satisfies me. I miss when crunching frozen flora foam was all the rage. That's my favorite sound, okay. That's pretty good. That's pretty good. That's satisfying. That's satisfying, yes. Looking for more visual satisfaction, but this is great too. Wanted satisfying stuff, so here. Well, I really don't like the music. The music isn't satisfying at all because it's all pitch shifted and weird. This isn't satisfying. This is the exact opposite of satisfying. Anna banana, what are you doing, dude? This is horrible. Go in the hole. It wasn't symmetrical. It's going all over the place. It's barely, it's keep jumping out of the hole. We don't even see it going in the hole. Forgot what it's called, but this is what makes patterns on plates. Oh, that's so cool. So it changes it out and then it just like dips itself in. It's like a weird nipple. Look at the physics. Oh yes, oh yes. This is what Papa Craves. This is what Papa Craves. God, I want a pressure washer. I could buy a pressure washer. I could rent a pressure washer. I don't have anything to pressure wash. Ooh, oh yes, getting all that paint off. Oh, that's nice. Oh, baby, a triple. I think it's just sand with a sharp knife. Oh, and they've got the, they've got the lava right on it. That's funny. It's a good way of doing it. Oh, that's nice. The sound and, oh, the cuts are so consistent. Oh yes, oh yes, rug cleaning. I've watched my fair share of rug cleaning. Oh, it's so cool. Makes such a mess, but it's so sick. They basically just hose it down, put some soap and stuff on it and then just do this. They just kind of like squeegee it all out. It's so nice. I love how you're doing it. Oh, it makes me happy. The way in the which they're doing this doesn't satisfy me. I wish it was more like, you know, they're kind of just doing this willy-nilly. No rhyme or reason. It's gotta be a calculated thing, you know? This looks cool. Why did they have that on their windows? That's paint, right? Why did they have paint on their windows? That's super satisfying, but why was that there? It's so cool. Or maybe that's something that you put on to like do a deep clean of your windows. Like a face mask on those, you know? It gets right in those cords, gets in the back heads up. Oh, more pressure washing with copyrighted music. Justin, fix it. Yes, I love royalty-free music that's added in post. Thank you, Justin, for making this video monetizable. Anyway, I like that. Please carpet slash car cleaning videos are so good. I watched so many.  I love car detailing videos, guys. I love them. I love them. Whoa, that's cool. That's real cool. I like that. Wait, why is it going into a net? Is that just to catch the... Is it gonna go through? Ooh, it's making noodles out of the water, baby. That's so cool.  That's so cool, dude.  That's nice. I think this gift actually is where I got the EVE design from. Cause I saw somebody tweet this, I think.   I don't really understand why that's a popular ceiling thing. I think it's really ugly. And I don't know why they don't just paint the ceiling cause I feel like, like, is this kind of ceiling just a lot cheaper or something? I don't know. But I love watching it get inscribed off. Whoa, whoa, they're cutting up just so cool. Oh, what's wrong?   Oh, another rug cleaning video. This one has so much soap on it.  That slow motion. That's nice. That's nice. That's really nice. I like that. Oh, I've seen this Walter Loon's Best Lines. Yeah, he does like a cool dot thing. I've seen this. Oh, yeah, sure. Make all those dots, baby. Wow, wow. That's a sound, you know? It's just all farts. Oh, thread cutting? What? I've never even thought about what happens when you cut thread down the middle like that.  That's cool. They're so in sync. You have to like unfocus your eyes almost. Wow. What are they doing? Wait, hold on. Why are they covering the, why are they kind of, what are you doing? Why are you covering that in paint? I don't understand. I don't know what this is. Are they like redoing the floors on it? I think it's cool how they spread it, but I'm just now confused why they're putting all of that over the floor. Because that's just normal wood. It's just normal wood flooring. What is this? Did you do this? Did you do this? Did you do this? Is this you? Did you do this? I think you did this. You did this. You did this. Anyone, anyone, anyone get the reference? That's so cool. I hope that this was you. So this is a robot that's carving into wood. It's so cool. It's so precise. You know, I always thought as a child that math was lame. Math isn't lame. I just didn't understand it. But this is what happens when you get a person who understands math and programming and probably a basic knowledge of code. Whoa, whoa, why? Why it got a wobble like that?   That's pretty cool looking actually. That's so cool. I've seen this. Huh. Yeah. Yeah, that's nice. The only thing about this that I hate. I like the foam. I like the foam being cut.  I hate glitter so much. God, it gets everywhere. It's awful.  All right, last one. We're going to watch this dude pressure wash the driveway because gee whiz. This is the kind of stuff I love. He's spraying the soap on, right? Got to make sure the soap is there, you know? You want to not only pressure wash it, but also give it a little bit of a bath too. I want to get the pressure washers with the soap gun that you attached to it. Oh, it's so sick. Oh, he's got the cool pressure wash. This one has a thing on it. This one isn't as satisfying just because it's already a dark concrete. But it is nice. Thanks out to you, teaser. Well, guys, thank you so much for sending in your satisfying videos.  Also, thank you guys so much for all of the insane love on the channel recently. I know that a lot of it, I think, is because of Among Us. Because Among Us is kind of huge right now. The last four videos have all gotten over 200,000 views. This one was uploaded today and it already has 131,000 views. And the videos recently have just been doing really, really well view-wise. I don't know why, but I really appreciate it. So thank you so much. Also, we are closing in on 1.5 million subs, which is so crazy. So thank you so much. If you haven't subbed already and you feel like doing it, please do. Thank you guys so much for watching. Talk to you later.


So as great as this game is we don't have to talk about it that long, but we were at packs unplugged and well even before packs unplugged a lot of the enforcers, you know, they scouted out at BGG con, which was just to make a curated collection to recommend to you what games to play. No to get new games that are otherwise unattainable. Yep. They went to Essen and BGG con and the game they raved about that was new and unattainable was Nicosu dice. So I first look at it was sitting there next to goats and goats right there goat and goat.  Goat and goat is the goat game. Yes. So I go and I'm like, well, that's the game. That's I can't play otherwise. Let's play it and we read it. And oh, yeah, it is definitely the bomb. Then we played it and it's telling because I kept taking people over there and teaching it to them. I was sitting there teaching random people to play it at one point. I've never played a game in first look like that many times before because usually I go to first look usually it's hard to get into first. Yeah. But if once I play a game in the first look, it's like, okay, I know the deal. And then I just like buy the game or something. But there were a lot of other games that could have played it packs. I kept going back over to play Nicosu dice with different people. So here's the pitch. It is a trick taking card game. A lot like, you know, Yooker hearts wizard bridge. One of those. So first I'm going to explain it very briefly. The way I would explain it to someone who knows trick taking games. It's a trick taking game with Trump. You bid on how many tricks you're going to take. But there's a mechanism for that bidding. You have to follow suit. You don't have to Trump unless you want to. But you get a hand of cards.  So my hand might be the four of blue and the two of white and the three of yellow. And in front of me I might have rolled a three of yellow and another three of yellow and a six of blue. The card. And then when it comes around to my turn to play a card into the trick, I could play a card or a die. Scott leads a blue six. That's a die. I play a blue four. That's a card. Emily plays a blue two. That's a die. Like that's the game. Right. Well, also the cards go from one to seven zero to seven zero to seven zero to seven and the dice go obviously one to six. So there.  So here are the other things, like the final pieces of this. This is like the unique part of the game. I remember that no KOSU in Japanese, I guess means leftover. It's all about the leftover dice. Right. So when you draft, you start by shaking up all the dice and pilling them out.  You leave, you pull a few out. So you shake the rest that you're going to use. Yeah. And everyone takes them one at a time in a draft. Right. And the one that's leftover is Trump, whatever number and color that die is, is Trump. So if the blue three is leftover, blue is Trump and three is Trump. The best way to think of it is that all threes are now also blue. Yep. Except for the blue three, which is now God tier. So this isn't as complicated. There are some games that have superior and inferior Trump. If you made a video game out of this, what you would do is like if Trump turned out to be blue three, suddenly all the blue cards and all the threes would like turn gold and the blue threes would turn like, you know, crazy, right? Like on fire with sparkles, right? Because now they're all in the same suit together. So even a yellow three would be in the same suit as a blue two or a blue one or a blue seven. Now, if you if you've played a lot of trick taking games that have complex Trump, then this game, like it's not a problem. But for any like we saw people who have not played games with complex or multifaceted trumps before had trouble remembering that the twos were blue. Well, I think I had a little only a minor amount of it was funny.  Well, I had to explain the rule to everyone and I understand the rule perfectly. I think I had I blame it slightly because we played the original, you know, from the box, official Nicosia dice. And I only had a tiny bit of trouble. We only messed it up a little bit. We've been we get obviously the game.  The game isn't out yet. Right. You can preach. Actually, there was a preorder that sold out within a day. Now there's another preorder. Another preorder tomorrow. So I'm getting in on it. We'll post the link for that preorder for anybody. If you can go. It's not clear how excited we are. This game is a must buy. Yeah, and it's going to be super cheap. But anyway, we played with rims like hacked together copy using whatever dice. I know what you're about to say, but I looked at the pictures of the real cards and real dice and my copy. There is no material. I couldn't. I can't tell you a specific difference between them. It was meaningful. So I, but so, but we did mess it up more with the put together copy that I figured out why I was thinking about that a lot. When we were playing it in first, I can't tell you why because it looks the same to me. When we were playing it in first look, we played it super slow because we had all just learned it. And every time we played it, we played it again, super slow. And everyone was like paying a hundred percent attention. And at magfest, I just get busted out on the table all the time. I played it like seven or eight times. It could be. Who knows? And I kept playing it with random groups of people, but we played it more like we play wizard or like normal games, like people get distracted or talk to each other. You deal out the cards, you get to random dice, you draft the rest of the dice. The last day you're drafting. There is an odd number of dice so that such that there is going to be one die left over after everyone is drafted.  Then you play the game and what happens is that the leftover dice.  You start taking tricks, right? As you would a normal trick taking game, must follow suit. So if I play blue, everyone has to play blue if they have it. Otherwise they don't. And if you don't, you can play Trump unless Trump was led, in which case, follow with Trump. If a lot of situations come up where you have what you don't want to follow and you don't have a card to follow with, but you have a die to follow us.  So if I see that Scott's got a yellow die and I'd like I'm worried that he might be de-suited. I know he's not de-suited in yellow.  So here's the final like magic that makes this work. Right. So after you play, you keep taking tricks and eventually at some point you, each player will have one die left.   And now whatever the number value is on that die, regardless of color, is your bid.   Right. So that bid is you're trying to win exactly that number of tricks. So if you're winning a lot of tricks, you want to have a die with a high value on it and not use that die. You want to set that die aside. Also, you take more than six tricks. You can never be correct. Your maximum bid is six, but there are 15 tricks in a round. Yeah. Also 14, 14 before you start after you draft, but before you start taking tricks, you can say, hold up, I want to bid zero, in which case you just pick one of your die and set it aside. And now you just play the turn normally and you're trying to take zero tricks, but obviously if you take even one, you've missed. So the game is not as punishing as wizard, because wizard, you only get points if you're a bid, right? When you play a game like wizard, if you need to be correct, but a wizard, you can bid any number. It's way easier. Yeah. Right. You need to be exactly correct. Otherwise you lose points here. It's way harder to be exactly correct because you have less control over your bid. Yeah. But if you fail to get the be exactly right, you still always get one point for trick you take. So it's like, OK, my bid was wrong. But guess what? I took 10 tricks, 10 points.  But if you're the only one who is correct in your bid, you get 40 bonus points. Right. I forget exactly how many. I think it's 40, 30, 30, 20, 10. Right. So you get 10 bonus points for bidding zero and being correct on top of the points for being the only person who's correct. Yeah.  If everyone's correct, they just get the tricks they took. So it's more like a traditional trick-taking game in that jet taking tricks can never hurt you too much. It just might deny you bonus points. Right. But the bonus points are so large that that's that's how to win. You're not going to win if you don't get the bonus points unless everyone is so good that nobody ever gets bonus or everybody always gets bonus points, because I mean, which is the same as everyone never getting bonus points, right? So if no one ever gets bonus points, then it will just come down to who took the most tricks. There's one last nuance that makes the game work, because unlike a normal trick-taking game, there can be ties. The only other game that can have ties is wizard, or at least major trick-taking games, where multiple wizards get played. And wizard who ever played the first of those gets the trick. In this game, whoever, if there's a tie of what's winning the trick, the last card among the tied cards wins the trick. Right. So if Scott plays a super high trump and I tie his trump, but I go after him, I take it. It's easier to take tricks. It's harder to duck. Right.  More like a third open.  But they'll be a situation, let's say blue is trump, right? And rim plays, rim starts it off with a yellow two. And it's like, all right, I have no yellow. I'm desuited and yellow.   If it was wizard or some other trick-taking game, I would just played my trump like, bam, but I can see the card or a die at least that beats my trump just right there. I could just say it and it's like, well, I guess I'm not playing this. Yup. And because- But it's like, well, what are you going to do? It's like, you wait. It's like, yeah, it'll still be there ready to beat you later. It's not like it's suddenly going to go, right? It's like you're going to wait for them to somehow use it before you use yours. It's like you're playing with it. Good luck with that. It's like you're playing wizard and one person's just playing hand open. You just see the wizard sitting there the whole time. It's like, how are you going to beat it? You see it. That doesn't help. That doesn't help you, right? It's like, yeah, you can see it. Can you beat it? No. And to make matters even more fun, the Trump power order is first the item, the card or die that matches both the color and the face value of the Trump is the super Trump. So yellow, we started calling it the bower named after you. But anyway, the blue three is Trump. Therefore, there's one card that is the blue three. That is the strongest card. Yep. But there could be several other dice that are also blue threes that are all equally strong. So after that, all the things that match the face value of Trump, so all the yellow three, the green three, the red three, all the other threes. They're equally powered and slightly less powerful than the one that matches both. So blue three is the strongest. Yellow three, green three, red three are all equally strong to each other, but subservient to the almighty blue three. And then it's numbers down from there. So then the blue seven, blue five, blue four, blue two, blue one, blue zero. Anything that's blue that's not a three comes after that. So all these factors combined make this like one of the better trick-taking games I have ever played. Oh yeah. There's just so much going on.  And even if you're not only right, but even with the mastery, there's so much not luck, right? There is a little bit of luck against the random dice you pull from the bag. The two random dice that are yours and yours alone for each round, but the draft, you just get such a different game every round. It's completely different. What's going on? Imagine hearts with like drafting like whoa, like different crazy stuff happens each time because your different colored dice come out. A different one is Trump. It's a different person goes first. You know, you draft differently based on the cards and dice because you already see your hand and your two starting dice before you start drafting. So that changes everything. So it's like it's so fresh and does not get stale at all. Yep. And this is where credit designer, this is a Japanese game. Yusuke Matsumoto is the designer. Genius. And this game I think is going to open up a whole, I think a lot of people are going to start designing trick-taking games, borrowing from this because my stupid brain had never considered just making dice and using them in a trick-taking game like that's really the genius mechanic is yet the dice are also cards. Yeah. Like and this game is three or four player only. I feel like it really only works with four. I think you know, I would also only play with four. We'll try it with three could be okay. Three player hearts is great. Yeah. Two and five is right out. Yeah. Not even allowed. No. But four player gives this game the opportunity to mod this game in the sense that I feel like you could very easily make this a partnership game and it would be great. You could maybe because wizard is much I love it. You can't easily make it a partnership game for a lot of reasons. I don't have time to describe. I'd rather play a different game that is meant to be a partnership game. Yeah. But I feel like this could work as a partnership game. I want to play with it.  You could literally just say all right play the game normal four player and then you add your score to the person across from you and then there's only two teams. Yep. And that's the only change you make is yeah just your partners are the person across from you and you add your scores together at the end. And then so you can you have a you can basically have a instead of a twenty five percent chance of winning you know fifty percent chance of winning. But then you got to also to make it fun band table talk and yeah I'll just I'm happy to just play four player.  Obviously not that I'm even a master of wizard.  I feel like there's no reason to play move. You have in the coast today. Well I think move brings different more thing like move is very I'm not saying it's similar right. It is very different and more complex but move as a superior and an inferior Trump. Yes, it was a coalition game but it's coalitions formed in the course of bidding I'm aware. But the point is is let in terms of I'm in the mood to play a you know a kind of meaty trick taking game and not just a sort of baby one. It's like I'd always rather play in a cozy dice than move. So even though they're mechanically not equivalent and there's reasons for them both to exist. There's just no situation where I would feel like playing this kind of game and choose move over Nicosia dice. I would but I'm way more into trick taking games than you are. I'm pretty into trick taking games. Yeah, you won't play you Kerr with me.  Why would I play you Kerr when I could play Nicosia dice? I play with no hearts. So you like trick taking games. I like more trick taking games than you rather but Nicosia dice is just better and it serves the same purpose. So but I guess the real thing I would say is that you're asking me to go eat at like you know McDonald's when it's like but I have meat right here. I could make a delicious burger on the grill. Why would I go to McDonald's? Now McDonald's will be playing straight wist. I'm just saying it's like there's no purpose even though McDonald's would be playing go fish and calling it a trick taking game. You get the idea but I guess in terms of trick taking games wizard is still the one to use to get your friends who have never played a trick taking game to try them out and realize they and Nicosia dice is not an entry level right. You need to understand too many different game thing. It's not that it's hard where it's the pro gamers. I taught this to someone who didn't know how trick taking games work.  It's just that you really you know if you want to be able to play this well and not be confused all the time you know you need to you already need to understand just the concepts of drafting and trick taking. So it's like if you haven't played any drafting or trick taking games before go play sushi go seven wonders you know wizard hearts go play those to learn under right. It's not this isn't some advanced crazy game only for geniuses it's just as in the complete entry level can be confusing if you don't have the previous prerequisite knowledge. So if I had to say like the mine feels or the moods I'm into play trick taking games if I want a very pure game I'll still just go to hearts hearts is my go to that game is great if I want an interesting experience that's really going to pull me in right now no cozy dice because there's nothing like it if I want an elevated partnership nonsense game I'll play Moo and if I just want any trick taking game I'll default to wizard because wizard does take more players than no cozy dice. Yeah I guess that that's the time to play wizard as we have five six people. Yep and honestly wizard's not as fun with four players unless it's four people or semi who are well wizard is definitely the best with more players because it's fewer rounds when you play wizard with too few players there's too many rounds it takes too long. Yep now I do like that but if I'm going to play wizard with four players I kind of want to play hearts more because hearts is more pure and despite like hearts will go faster in the end hearts hearts is way faster. Yeah but unless someone won't take their turn but that's a different problem could you not take your turn in hearts I've known so simple. Well when we played hearts for money in middle school some people would take a long time on their turn we're playing for like pennies we weren't we weren't high rollers but because you guys like I cannot stress enough it was for us and for a lot of people in tabletop and first look like the breakout game of packs unplugged I practically guaranteed it's going to be in first look at pack south and you should I don't know if it will be but we'll have our made up copy yeah I'll bring the other stops copy the pre order will not have arrived yet. Yep.


Adamawa State Police Command has paraded no fewer than 39 suspected criminals for allegedly committing sundry offences. In a press conference at the police headquarters on Tuesday, Mr Ajani Musubao, who stood in for the commissioner of police, Sikiru Akande, noted that the effort was sequel to the renewed intelligence-driven crime-busting strategies adopted by the police. Some of the items recovered are a Toyota car, locally-fabricated AK-47, locally-fabricated gun, 900,000 Naira cash and life aminesi.


My name is Ulrich Mateik. I started working as a security consultant for a company called ETAs. Most of you have probably not heard about that. It's a subsidiary of Bosch. We do a lot of stuff for the automotive world. But since I'm part of Bosch, I can also work on some interesting IoT Linux projects they are doing. And this is why I'm here with my colleague, Philipp. I just shortly jump in. I'm the sidekick of Ulrich. I'm not the security guy. I'm working more in safety-critical systems, but I would like to tell a personal story from what I've experienced with security and automotive in the past. So I guess we jump over to this. So as said, ETAs is a subsidiary of Bosch and supports us. I'm mainly in an activity called Embedded IoT Linux at Bosch. Linux was strong in automotive, but we also find it in many other devices. And we see that many, many projects are utilized. So if someone wants to grab a sticker, we have some of them available. But what may be more interesting is that we see that a Linux system comprised of many, many different elements. And even if you don't share the same code base to any extent, you often share the same problems. Problems are not only within Bosch, but they are also within other areas. You just get a very rough idea on what kind of products we are building within Bosch, because some know this from maybe from your home appliances or from some power tools which you're using. But actually we are in a vast amount of industries. And even if the pictograms here of the products not all run Linux in this explicit product, there's always Linux running in these devices. And device classes are also sometimes an artist, but all of them get connected to the network. So it's all an IoT device. And bringing this together, we see that, well, in the past 10 years back, we just built products which were there standalone. But IoT devices are connected, right?  Now it comes to my personal story. So I'm mainly working for Bosch since 15 years. And when I really started in a platform, we came to first time have a multi-core processor. And in this one, we wanted to get in Linux to do our navigation, certain animations, had a 3D GPU rendering. And this was in the range of 2010. And who of you have worked on things like secure boots in 2010 already? That's very good. We would have loved to have you in here. And I guess you also said in your previous talk, if I would have known, would have been smarter 10 years back, right? And that's where we came from. We were completely new to Linux. We got support from other companies in there which were in the field of Linux products. And we started off with the 2634 kernel, put it on a device. It was not a connected device. And the good thing is we already had certain things in mind to say, how do we make things proper handover? What are real time? What are important system functionalities? We had some security ideas or prevention in mind that you don't get into a system. So we have a real time or as separated from the real operating system, Linux, the infotainment part.  And what I became aware of this, that I still find people post on Reddit from 2021 or so where people just hacked a device which we developed in 2010 or the base hardware software for it. And that actually, I put the timelines here for the different kernels. So you can see that there are cars around released in the age of 2018 with a 2634 kernel because we never thought about updates and so on. And if you would like to see what is all possible, I mean, it still means you need to dismount this device from the car, open it, attach certain parts. So it's a multi-level intrusion part on it. And then at the end you need to solder some wires to get to the terminal. But when you're basically done, so if you look for the password of the root, we found it easier for developer for not having one. So you just have a root user. You don't have password in there. You just get to the terminal. That's how we started development. And we never evolved from this. And at a long time as it goes, it was 2010. And I guess Ulrich would give us some ideas on what we're doing these days and our days. So Ulrich, back to you. Thank you. Yeah, I don't think I need to tell you about the importance of secure boot, of a verified boot process. For Bosch it's mainly about warranty issues and having their reputation ruined by people executing doom on a wall scammer or something. But even though there's a lot of IoT projects going on, still basically each of them has to reinvent the wheel when it comes to securing their boot process. And recently I was involved in a project where we tried to give them a head start, give them a blueprint they can follow to implement secure boot so they don't have to research the options themselves, decide which approach to take. And basically what I'm doing today is just taking you along on this journey on the different options we evaluated and what basically is in our toolbox that we try to provide to the projects to help them focus on generating the actual functions they want to implement and not on securing the boot process. Yeah, okay, I already told you that. When you look at a boot process, usually what you want to do is you want to build a chain of trust that starts somewhere in your hardware in your system on a chip, microcontroller, microprocessor, whatever that verifies the boot loader and then starts executing it. You want to make the boot loader verifies and executes the kernel or maybe even your initial RAM FS. And then you want to extend this chain of trust into the root file system so you can be sure that the actual software running on your IoT system is that which you ship with it. A little bit disconnected from that you see, you also need to do updates especially in the connected world of today. So any system we come up with for securing the boot process also needs to be somehow compatible with whatever update system the project decided to use. When we were talking to the projects we noticed that they want to have strong control over what they were doing with their system on a chip so all we could do there is provide them some guidance on how to implement the root of trust in that system on chip and also all of them were using the Apertis Linux distribution they wanted to use an upstream kernel without any modifications so this was also something we could not touch. So our blueprint basically focuses on the boot loader and how to secure the file system itself. The first building block, the boot loader basically all projects were already working with Uboot we heard also a little bit about that yesterday it's immensely popular, it has a large community it supports a huge amount of features but if you haven't done it is also maybe a little bit challenging to configure it securely but the most important part is that it supports something called signed fit images which is basically a file containing the kernel, your initial ramfs, other configuration data and you can pick a number of these and sign them so you can be sure that they haven't been tampered with. However we also wanted to provide another boot loader for the projects to use so we took a look at RustBoot the probably up and coming star on the boot loader firmament which just has a very minimal feature set it can just load and execute the kernel or the initial ramfs along with it but it needs to come from a signed fit image so if the fit image isn't signed or the signature doesn't verify RustBoot will just not load and execute a kernel and since it also supports doing updates in a very simple fashion we thought this might be interesting not to projects that are already on the way but maybe to future projects so we included that in our blueprint. Now the second and more important part was how to make sure your root file system hasn't been tampered with the most obvious solution is somehow make it read-only but that also creates additional challenges because the Linux kernel would very much like to write at least some of the directories, thank you very much and obviously having a read-only file system prevents you from doing updates might not help you against offline attacks where somebody just tampers with a file system while your device is switched off. Another measure is the Linux integrity measurement architecture that stores authentication data or integrity data in extended file attributes so it's wonderfully compatible with update systems that work on a file base but it did not seem immensely popular and so we looked at the third option which is the de-inverity kernel module as the name already implies it uses the device mapper to provide you with read-only access to a file system but each time you try to read a block from that device de-inverity actually performs integrity measurement by hashing that and comparing the value to that stored in a hash tree and effectively tie the contents of the block you're reading to one root of your hash tree so you just need to provide the hash tree itself and the root hash to de-inverity to secure your whole file system and this third option was the one we included in our blueprint so we told our projects to use that and for doing that basically you have two phases during the preparation phase which usually happens somewhere in your build pipeline you take the file system, you compute the hash tree and from the root of that hash tree you can take the root hash and when your device is running and an IO request is processed by the kernel it's passed on to the de-inverity kernel module which then uses all the data the block read from the file system your hash tree and the root hash to basically decide has this block been tampered with and if so then you can perform some other error handling like rebooting your system, freezing your system or just logging an error otherwise the read proceeds as you know it the interesting question and this is what we had to cover in our blueprint is how do you get from the preparation to the operation phase and for this they're also basically two to three options the first one is to just include the root hash into somewhere in the initial RAMFS or in the kernel parameters so just put it somewhere in your fit image where it is signed and also protect against tampering and in this case you can just for example put it into the kernel boot parameters and then the kernel will take that data set up de-inverity, mount the root file system and you have extended your chain of trust basically from the boot loader via the fit image straight to the file system unfortunately when you're working with the router's distribution that requires modifying the kernel configuration which was not an option for our projects so we could not use that approach the second approach would be to store for example your root hash somewhere in the initial RAMFS and use that for mounting the file system that brings some penalty in terms of boot time with it but it does not require modifying the kernel and in the end this was what most of our project chose this is similar to the first approach in that you also extend the chain of trust straight from the boot loader to your root file system because the root hash to which the authenticity of the file system is tied is verified by the boot loader because it's the boot loader that checks the fit image and authenticates either the kernel command line or the initial RAMFS where this data is stored there's also the third option in which you just sign the root hash with the private key and you store the public key somewhere in your kernel in the trusted key ring and then when loading when setting up the invariity the invariity uses this key from the kernel key ring to authenticate the root hash and then load the file system this is conceptually different a little bit from the first two approaches because in this case you have an additional link in your chain of trust you do not extend the chain from the boot loader straight to the file system but to the kernel and then from the kernel to the file system itself and for this there are also two options either you do just by passing the correct parameters to the kernel or you use an initial RAMFS however as I already told you since our projects didn't want to use a customized kernel this whole approach was not an option for us but anyway no matter which way you take you end up with an authenticated root file system that however is read only so in the end what you need to do is at least add a couple of overlayFS mounts to enable write access to the kernel but of course for example if you are using an initial RAMFS you can while setting up these mounts you can always also clear your overlayFS petitions so you always start from the same state again alright so these were the options just to summarize we have basically we have two different boot loaders we have two ways for authenticating our root hash namely placing it somewhere in the fit image where it's authenticated or placing it somewhere else but adding a digital signature and also for mounting the root file system we can either let it do the kernel or we can do it in an initial RAMFS however the only way we saw in use so far was from you boot to using a fit image to setting up the invariity in the initial RAMFS and what we basically have right now is we have two different boot loaders that we support we have a set of scripts and tools that support the projects in generating and signing the fit images we have a couple of scripts that they can add to the initial RAMFS that do the mounting and error handling because when using an initial RAMFS you also need to start thinking about other ways the system can get compromised for example if there were an error in mounting the root file system or something else goes wrong in the initial RAMFS you need to be sure that you are not dropped into a shell where someone can interact with the system in this early boot stage we have a couple of scripts that can be integrated into the build pipeline for computing the root file hash and for placing it into the initial RAMFS basically that's what we are currently providing the projects of course there's a ton of stuff that we still want to do basically the real treasure was not the files we created but the knowledge that we gained along the way because as I said right now there's just one happy path that projects are using but we want to also document and enable all the other options because this is like one of the first questions we get we also would like to provide a comprehensive performance comparison between all those options especially when it comes to you boot sorry to Rust boot however while we're working with Rust boot we discovered a couple of kinks that provided prevented Rust boot from running at full speed so any performance figures we could have gained from that would not have been really accurate we still need to evaluate some update systems see how they integrate with our solution so the projects don't have to do that every time again and also provide a lot more documentation so integration goes much more smoothly with less consulting going on all that is mostly internally right now but once we've reached a state where everything looks consistent and works more or less out of the box we can also open source that somewhere probably on Bosch's GitHub and when that time comes I will be happy to share a link with you if you get in touch with me All righty, that's it for me, any questions? Yes? So one of the problems with secure boot is basically you're assertive that secure boot's name So one of the problems with secure boot is effectively asserting that secure boot's enabled and many SoCs that's a matter of whether they're fused or not into having that enabled Do you have any insight into best practices for verifying that a particular device actually shipped with secure boot's enabled as opposed to that somehow being skipped during manufacturing and then it being possible to just bypass everything that way? That would be lovely However, at this point we need to place a lot of trust in whoever manufactures these devices so we just rely on them doing everything properly Thanks Just to follow up on that there are some hardware root of trust projects and chips, the open compute project has an architecture that we're familiar with in the cloud side of things so I think that was one of the thoughts I had was how do you know that you're coming up so I think there's like an assurance and a root of trust issue there that is slightly out of the scope of this Hey Excellent talk Have you thought so far in your research at all about guaranteeing the integrity of a potentially persistent overlay of those persistent overlays with something like deep integrity for example? Not yet That's also one of the many things we have in our roadmap However, most of these devices we're working with they're like very low powered and all of the security stuff is just an annoyance to the developers so it'll be a long way till we have that by default Thanks, yeah, I'm working on similar problems But so far anything that might get persisted using DM Overlay Overlay is maybe some configuration data some settings of your wall scanner so it's nothing we would execute without looking at Alrighty Thank you