Good afternoon everyone. Hello. You guys are able to hear me in the back. Awesome. So I know I'm the only person standing between you and lunch and this is also Chris's talk. I only have 15 minutes so I'll and I have quite a bit of content to present. I'll rush through. I'll probably take questions at the end after the talk during the lunch. Okay. So the topic is about how we made everybody at index developers also take care of the infrastructure. Okay. The lessons we learned what was what pushed us into that sort of zone and how we ended up being where we are today and what are some of the key takeaways that you can have if you want to follow a similar kind of a practice in your organization. So my name is Ashwant Kumar. I'm a principal engineer at index. It is the fancy word for saying I also write code at index. So that's my Twitter handle underscore Ashwant Kumar. Feel free to ping me. I'm a little late. I still use a Windows phone so I don't get rid of them updates on Twitter handles but I'll keep checking them often so respond and yes. So the just getting into the dark so there are three stages I would like to classify the index has grown into the way we do operations today in three parts the early stage the growth stage and the later stage which we are in right now. I'll walk you through each of them. In the early stage the overall goal for us when we started the company was just have a working infrastructure like how can I talk about they just need to quickly get up and running and like any any other startups would just want how do we get up and started and start delivering value to our customers right and we were around five to 15 developers and we used to have one to two member operation teams I mean ops team members. There were one person was the developer who had to become an operational person because somebody has to take care of the infrastructure and the other one was on and off we had some contractors we tried with remote people and then it was still fluctuating and the responsibilities included they had to write deployment scripts for their whole setup both internal and the open source tools here by open source they mean like we started off using Hadoop Hedge Pace the whole Pigata stack we not the whole but did the starting off with them so they had to start writing the code for managing and applying them and they had a centralized control on AWS because I still remember the days when we had cloud watch alarms when our AWS will use to touch thousand dollars in the early days now we have like 10 20 times over that but at that time we wanted to have a control who gets to access those resources and how we manage them and that sort of also influence our choice of tools if you can see okay this is on the top of course we were using AWS but predominantly in the AWS one tool that we used the most was the management console that launch instance button was the life saver on those at like two o'clock in the night when you had to bring up an instance and deploy a course so that you can get show that they are I mean if what when I see you as it is when I'm trying to show the app to the potential investor you want to have something working all screenshots doesn't always sell you know for most long and that was a very important tool in our stack and because the whole culture of having a centralized responsibility and control was there we were using our chef where the upstream used to manage the provisioning so it was more of a full-based system they would update the cookbooks or recipes and would get pulled on the individual servers eventually and then get updated and the third one was the Capestrino which is what we used our deployment scripts it was also written in Ruby because chef was also in Ruby and the last one is the go city we are a huge fan of products products because a lot of our core team where from thought work so we use a lot of their open source tools so I'll go cities from thought work that we use for our CI and CD process so this is how it started and the lessons we learned in that was operations team couldn't really scare and they cannot also mean okay those are first ones they couldn't really contribute to our system design or architecture because they were always overloaded with Arab requests we look into what of them eventually and the kind of mentality that we had initially was they would be the first on call support if something used to go down for the minimum level of alerting that we had they would get calls and they would have to go debug a system at 3 a.m. in the morning without having much context like that really wasn't useful because they would be trying to fiddle out the logs try to make sense of what this lock meant why is there a I mean if you guys have worked with Java you know the size of the air stack that it generates and it's not much useful if you are if you don't have a developer background on where this is coming from or what this is being used for and they was I mean we were setting them up for failure so that really wasn't scaling well for us and developers also wanted to write out a lot of new things they wanted to experiment right I think Kiran was the one was talking about operations don't want to change their stuff because if it works you wanted to continue working but developers constantly want to change try out the new so I mean new tools that are being released a new stuff that are being out in the market and they weren't able to keep up so this was the ad hoc request part every time somebody wanted to try out some tool that's out there and we did a platform in those times it was like every day some tool was coming out every big company was releasing an open source tool and we weren't able to manage I mean the operations team wasn't able to catch up or manage those things so what we started doing was the ops team started working with the devs so that they can take care of some of the chef cookbooks or recipes to manage their own infrastructure and that's when we had this moment aha moment where devs didn't really like the Ruby code even for somebody who didn't come from a Ruby background just by looking at the way the operations team were writing code was no this is not how you write code your abstractions are fundamentally wrong why do you have a global variable written that you could have just put that inside your function and a lot of such things right devs had a lot of things to say about the whole operational setup the scripts that we used how we used to run them and all of that and that sort of led us to the next stage the growth stage this time the overall goal based on the previous learnings was to have a decentralized access to our infrastructure we were around by this time we were growing to 15 to 30 member engineers we are no longer developers I'll talk about that why and then we had two or three ops engineers also on the team and their primary responsibility was to continue where they left off educate developers on their own infrastructure now instead of earlier than we started off we had only one or two devs taking ownership of trying to experiment with the infrastructure but then we realized that it made a lot of sense if individual teams start managing their own infrastructure so we wanted to sort of educate developers how does this thing work how do you manage the resources on AWS and so on and then the operational team worked on the overall process or a sort of a framework for how do we do operations and that also sort of drove a choice of tools we moved from a chef based a centralized chef server based model to Ansible which is a pull which is a push based mechanism where individual teams had their own set of playbooks roles that they had to manage and they would have their own cd pipelines which will set up bring up the instances whenever they do deploys provision the instance deploy their code and so on and the key important lesson is I would like to quote from a paper on which came out in 2007 it's from a guy called James Hamilton he's part of the windows services team so the code is like if the development team is frequently called in the middle of the night automation is most likely the outcome devs don't like to make repeat don't like to you know do the repeated task over and over again and based on my personal experience that's so true but if the operations teams are woken up because they don't have much context on some of these things they'll say I just need you need more need more people on the team so that I can learn get some kt and start working on them now that doesn't really scale well when you have more number of people and your obvious choice is okay I need a big sre team or I need a big operations team I mean this is from a paper called on designing and deploying internet skills services you should check out this paper if you are a series of world devops it has a lot of really cool insights I will also share a link at the end of the slides so one of the key lessons was some developers when they started doing operations they loved to contribute to them some of the initial things that Ayush talked about the Matsya Vamana and a bunch of other stuff on OSSRindix.com was from developers who were asked to manage this set of infrastructure and then they had to like it started off writing some bunch of cron jobs or bash curves java code scala code and then it evolved over time but it it solved the problem we had automation as a likely outcome and individual teams took care of their own infrastructure and on call so that they if you are a developer who pushes a code to production at 12 in the night you will get probably a call at 12 if something is broken so you have much better context of fixing an issue rather than an ops person who's probably um sleeping with his wife and waking up and like oh something is down and then it doesn't really help solving the problem at hand and the downside to that is now everybody has access to infrastructure everybody can spin up resources everybody can do whatever they want your cost becomes a problem and from the previous talk from Ayush's talk you guys would have realized how we had a sudden spike from more than 150,000 dollars a month to suddenly we spiked 200 to 220,000 dollars and then we figured out a way we had like a mission cost reduce was one that we had for almost a month and then we worked like all hands on deck to control the cost so that we don't want to spend all the investments that our investors give to AWS it doesn't really make sense so the cost control was extremely hard and also super important and you if you're giving decentralized taxes one thing you should really take into account is a backup because I mean one case is when I was just getting into this whole upspace I was trying out a new tool to manage a route 53 zones and I wanted to import a set of my names into my zone file but I ended up replacing my three entries with the whole sort of 56 entries I had so I had literally took my laptop ran to every single member in my office asked them what are the set of DNS names you have in your bookmarks just give that to me I'll quickly add it to my route 53 and then move on it was trust me it was a very painful experience and I was thankful I didn't get fired for that and the first thing I did after getting the infra backup was to have a backup in place so we have route of three backups happening every 30 minutes now so worst case you just use the latest 13 minutes worth of DNS records and we just have to find which pipelines that ran and then rerun them again and the last the later stages which we are right now the goal is continue from where we left off have a self-serve infrastructure so that it's the goal is to be like AWS but internally for the organization so the users get to manage their own stuff I mean the developers or the engineers get to manage their own stuff and we now are 30 to 15 member engineering team but the operational team is still the same size 2 to 3 varying up and down and we have a lot of rotation from developers goes into ops and ops comes into development team and so on and the responsibility right now is to become enablers either via a process or some kind of automation tools so that the engineers can deliver end to end we also and the ops team also wanted to manage I mean contributes to the design and architecture of the systems so that they don't feel left off I mean you if you're in the ops space you can only do so much you can start at metrics for only so long you can think about metric collection log management instance costs only for so much right at some the domain doesn't change you mean you can be in an e-commerce domain you can be in a banking sector you can be in in any other different domain but in the ops space you're still working with the same instances same server is the same Linux is the same container it's it's the same thing in respect of whichever organization you work for now how do you get to explore your catalog of stuff so we work we take the ops team into our architectural designs discussions so that they come in with the focus on cost security and you know high availability part so this also sort of led us to our design decisions apart from Ansible we move to a lot of miso's marathon stack which are dark more about it so these are like resource schedulers Imran touched a bit about it I think everybody in the morning who talked about it talked about resource schedulers so it really helped us because it gave us a unified view of all the underlying resources as an ops member I can scale my backend system to any number of instances I've written it down for developers it's all about I need five gb of ram or I need one gb of ram and then one cp that's how it does but it's very difficult to find an instance on the cloud that manages that instance profile so how do you keep track of them it really helps and operations became a first-class skill for our developers and development became a first-class skill for our operations and the operability review which I talked in the next consecutive slides is just how one minute I just want to rush through of it sort of helped us reduce a number of bugs we had before we made the first broad push for any new system and the downside to all this approach so far it's been good but the downside is when you have decentralized taxes you give developers to try out new stuff it gave I mean it led to a lot of fragmentation in the whole deployment stack because different people wanted to try out different stuff and there was not much uniformity on how systems actually work so to handle last problem they adopted about fragmentation we used this notion called as a tech radar so tech radar is initially came I mean at least for me I heard it from a ThoughtWorks company company called ThoughtWorks they sort of publish this I think every quarter or two quarters once on what sort of different techniques tools or platforms that they use what has been successful what hasn't been what are their war stories and all of that so you have yeah this is our tech radar from index that sort of opens those that's the link so you have different categories like tools languages techniques and platforms and then we have different categories like adopt trial assess and hold adopt is like we have run it in production we know it works and we just want to continue working with them trial is something that we have found it to be really cool and there is one team trying it on a very small subset of systems and likely to see if it works good or not assess is something that we have heard really good things about it but haven't really got time to try it out hold is something that we have tried and don't want to use it now because of a set of issues that are associated with them when you click on each of those items you will it'll expand a description of how it actually works i just need two more minutes okay and the last thing about operability review so i mean i guess a lot of organizations actually have this notion of a checklist that they maintain before they make their push to production so this is i mean from the conference document of the operability review the two key sections are it helps you identify issues before you make the production push for your system and the other key takeaway is every first production push for any new system that's being built has to be i mean has to get a seal of certification from the operation team that it has passed or it has been gone through the checklist of operability review if it is not such a deployment is not considered production even though you call it as proud environment or something such deployment is not considered production so and this also sort of gives chance to the operations team to influence some of the design decisions or the architectural decisions we make in our applications on the aspects of say cost security the availability and bunch of other stuff and some of the points that we cover is the benchmarking or load testing results what are the SLAs do you have does your system meet sorry does your system meet them do you have a data store like a database is it like a separate mySQL or a rdbms database do you have a separate instance managing it or do you use a service like rds or is it an embedded database like rock cb how do you manage the backup entry store what are the sort of security policies you have i mean we don't deal with user data so far our security is more around exposing the system out to the public or not so it's supposed to deal with ports open ports on the security groups and what sort of scaling policy do you have how do you do deployments is it automated is it on marathon stack or is it something that you do manually and what sort of backup recovery tools do you have for your data store if you have any and then what is your monitoring or alerting policies what sort of metrics do you want to monitor and get alerts on and then finally the cost what are your instance type how much resources do you need and then do you have an entry and plotters so that we can start tracking your costs so these are some of the and then a bunch of other items that we track as part of the operability review policy so yeah that's it thank you


Welcome folks, we have the Dow Industries right now trading down $145, we get the NASDAQ down $69, S&Ps down $15, Gold Contract up $20 trading at $14.53 an ounce, you get Silver up 4 cents, $16.22 an ounce, Light Sweet Crude up $1.73, $55.68 a barrel, notes and bonds, you get the 10-year up 3 ticks, $128.25, the 30-year up 12 at $158.01, now notes and bonds, they're both confirmed ABC structures on the way up folks. Bottom line is that we are going up on price in a huge way, down on yield in a huge way. Right now you get the 10-year trading out at $1.87 and what you can expect, we're going to be coming at us here is the $1.31, the $1.31 out here is the lows that were established out here, let me pull this up for you, 10-year, we take a look at this, that was the lows of 2016, we're at $1.86, this was a wide price spread, broke the B-point, monster volume on the break, bottom line, you're going right down to the very lows, we'll see what happens when we get down there, $1.31 is the number, right now you're at $1.86 and if that sounds pretty bizarre, let me tell you something, four weeks ago folks, we were at $2.5, so give it four weeks, guess what, that low was game and it's game in spades. Kingdoll is going to have a failure on price out here as it basically has been battling this number for us since last October, right now we're at $97.960, the number to keep your eye on this continuous contract is the $97, sorry about this, let me go, so the number to keep your eye on out here is the $98,260 and right now you're underneath it, failure on price, that is setting up once again, that $94 is game now, big number, S&P, S&P, bottom line, I don't expect we're going to finish that ABC structure in the way up, the number on the ABC structure in the way up folks is $303, we hit $302.23, game is over, game is over, what I mean by specifically that, you're inside the lower range right now, we're at $292, next game down here $273, any type of bounce out here, I suspect you're going to get a lot of selling on all these bounces out here, three cap out here, we have the Dow industrials right now down $164, Nasdaq off $82, S&P's down $19, stay right there folks, come right back.


Now, lastly learning dialogues, you have seen how to collect data from classroom environment, online environment and teleenvironment. We discussed how to collect this data also like in a classroom environment, you can use the students behavior by human observers or the students interaction with the systems like a module or a test performance or this information. In a second in online environment, you can track all the users behavior, all the click stream data or in the online data has to be collected and we can write a script to convert that raw data into a events or actions. In a teleenvironment is the environment you developed, so you have access to what kind of information you want to collect, what kind of information you are interested in based on that you can write your own script. However, we have seen this three types of data collection, all the data are collected from learners behavior in the environment such as what the students interacting with the system. We have no idea what is student doing, we are not observing a students behavior, instead we are trying to understand students behavior in the system. Except in the classroom system, I mentioned that you can have the human observers to measure students motivation and affective states, all other information is based on students behavior in the environment. In today's class, we are talking about what is data collection, what kind of data you can collect in different environments and what data we need. Let us begin with the activity. If you are a learning analytics researcher and you are using metal to run a study, apart from the log data that is we should discuss log data of metal in last class, what are the sources of data important, how it can be collected based on your ideas, what are the sources can be collected when the student is interacting with metal. You can pause this video, write down your answers after completing the task, please let you in the video to continue. Data collection using sensors. If you are learning analytics researcher using tel environment, we asked what kind of data you would like to collect apart from the log data. You can collect data such as eye gaze information, facial expressions, brain waves, skin conductance, gesture or posture. How it can be collected? For eye gaze data, we can collect using eye trackers. There are portable eye trackers available. It can be attached to laptop to get accurate students eye gaze or simply you can use web camera of the laptop to collect the eye gaze information. For facial expressions, you can record students facial expressions using web camera in your laptop or external web cam. For brain wave and skin conductance, you can use modular portable devices to collect these signals. However, this may not be cost effective and not scalable to a large class. For gesture and posture, you can have an external video camera recording the students gesture and posture and code it, you manually code it after the study or you can have a pressure sensitive chairs, pressure sensitive mouse keyboards to collect gesture and posture. Here is the sample eye gaze and GSR data that is collected on a tell environment. Student is looking at the eye gaze and it is student is looking at a different parts of the environment and you can see the eye gaze is overlaid on the video. Below the students GSR data, you can collect data for multiple channels. However, processing data from multiple channel is challenging because we need to align the data from each channel based on time stamp and data from each channel will have a different granular size. For example, we can have eye gaze for a 60 hertz, 2500 hertz. There are eye trackers which can record students eye gaze up to 1500 hertz, what it means? If the eye gaze is collected at 60 hertz speed which means eye trackers is collecting 60 signals per second which is roughly 15 millisecond per eye gaze data, you will have a 60 data per second. For facial expressions, it is based on the number of frames in the video series. If I want to use 25 frames in the video, I will have 25 pictures then each picture can be converted to analyze the facial expressions. So you will have facial expressions varies at every 40 millisecond. So the facial expression varies at every 40 millisecond. The eye gaze data varies at every 15 milliseconds. Now aligning these two different granular size data is challenging. Analyzing and this multi-level data for learning analytics is beyond the scope of this course.


Broadway's My Beat, from Times Square to Columbus Circle, the gaudiest, the most violent, the lonesomeest mile in the world. Broadway's My Beat with Larry Thor, as Detective Danny Clover. Springtime begins to search through Broadway, and its gentle winds fill out the places to set up shop. The push carts of the flower vendors were the promises are wrapped in tight buds of faint color. A child's ribboned, silken hair sighed across the winter-pinched face. A woman's shoulders too soon eager to shed the raiment of winter's night. In the spring songs choked out of loudspeakers, in the inviting, side-long glance, in the barefoot padding through sun-warm corridors, here is spring for Broadway. Innocent, nostalgic as the music of the organ grinder, to which monkeys dance, to which Broadway sighs, remembers, fries again. At the edge of the March evening against the shimmering of dusk, the anger of a man, the near hysteria, the economy-sized fury at innocence maligned.   Or it's the same thing you might as well have. What am I doing here? What am I doing in a messy room with a detective and a girl with a sketch pad? Me, a man with two kids, an overworked wife, nags at me when I'm late for supper or late for anything. Everything I ever got I sweat for. You hear me? Make it easy, Mr. Grace. Uh, miss, I'm in a seed store, see, I'm buying things for my lawns, my rosebrushes and seeds, you know, big row and a rake, and I walk out and a man grabs me, makes me drop things in the street and he brings me here. Why? Tell me what crime I've committed! Tell me! You passed a bill in a bank early this afternoon, Mr. Grace, a thousand-dollar bill. Where'd you get it? I got it. The bank said it was good, didn't they? Then why'd you have to stick your nose in? I got it. For a man who sweats for everything he gets, how much sweat for that thousand, Mr. Grace? A bill the bank recognized from serial numbers is one from a five-year-old payroll robbery where a pay messenger was murdered. How much sweat for it, Mr. Grace? I don't know what you're talking about. I bought it. I bought it from a man on 45th and Broadway. He said I could have it for $250. I laughed in his face. But you bought it and so did you. Well, I laughed in his face at first, but when he said he'd go to the bank with me and prove to me it was good. This man, was he Les Cheney? I don't know who he was. I never saw him before. Maybe I can freshen it for you, Mr. Grace. Cheney was a man we believed responsible for the robbery and murder. We couldn't prove it, though. We never found the money. But he was sent up for possession of narcotics. He's out now. Les Cheney, sell you that bill. I don't know. Maybe it was him. I told you I never saw the man before. Oh, $1,000 for almost nothing. Wouldn't you have bought it? Let's pretend we're friends. You would have bought it. Miss Holland, here's an artist, Mr. Grace. She'll sketch a drawing while you describe the man who sold you the bill. Go ahead, Mr. Grace. I thought she was doing a drawing of me. I thought that you... Describe him. Well, describe him. Well, he had kind of a thin, smirky face, a pinched nose, kind of washed out eyes. They were blue, I think. They bulged out a little bit, and you getting at me? Don't worry about her, Mr. Grace. She'll get it. You just go on. Well, his hat was kind of slouched down on his forehead. Any distinguishing marks, like a scar or anything? No, no. There was no scar. I noticed he needed a shave, but then I guess they owed him that type.  Yeah, that's it. The sad eyes, and the kind of sniffing around. Yeah, but that's all I remember. Now, what else do you want? You don't have to go on this, Fallon. Good. Call your wife, Mr. Grace. Tell her you'll be real late. We're holding you on suspicion. You do that? You do that after the way I cooperated?  Well, you can't! You can't! You... And watch the protest die in his throat. The shoulders slump. His face fall apart and reassemble into shock. Aaron Grace, citizen, family man, provider of wife and children, and a lawn and rose bushes. Suddenly a new identification, a name on a bullies blotter. Be held for further questioning and connection with the murder. So turn him over to the sergeant and the artist, and leave. Routine now, another reading of the records which concerned the five-year-old crime. Records still on the active file, and the name which dominates them is the name of Les Cheney. More records, Les Cheney had been released a month ago from prison having served five years of a seven-year sentence. Les Cheney, out on parole. So leg work now. Get the completed sketch and find an address and call on Les Cheney. Yes? Mr. Cheney? Who are you? Danny Clobram from the police. Let him alone, will you? Les is out now. He's behaving. He's trying to get him a job, so let him alone. Mind if I come in? I'm not gonna say no to a cop. If you want, drop dead on the sill if you want. I see you made it. You want to go back? Where's Les Cheney? I told you. My husband's out. Job hunting. That's right.   What makes you so better, Mrs. Cheney?  I got a thing about being married. I like to take care of my husband. I hum when I scramble an egg and no less is gonna eat it. And I'm a woman who likes when the day is over and I got a husband near me. I missed it for five years.  You're lying through your teeth.  It ain't you how you couldn't pin a murder on him so you fixed him good. Listen to me. I want you to look at something, Mrs. Cheney. Listen to me, whatever your name is. I want you to hear it. I've been practicing it for five years, worth a night. Hands behind the head. The position of the lonely people. This is what I want to say to you. Die. Ron, don't walk and tell your friends to do likewise. You all through? Tell them all you're here. Take a look at this picture, Mrs. Cheney. It's a sketch of a man who passed a thousand dollar bill. Have you ever seen this man? I never saw him.  Les never saw him. Tell Les the police were around, Mrs. Cheney. And they'll be back. The cops on the beat too, whatever your name is. Don't forget to tell them too. Get out. This is what your mom hopes you'll send her from the big city, soldier. A little pillow with nice poetry on it, soldier. Emma's for the, always for the T's for the H. Get lost, soldier. This man's ahead of you. That's right, son. You better take off. I'm a policeman. Benny and I have a little business to take care of. Hi, Benny. Uh, sit down, Danny. Sit down. Proud of me, huh? A legitimate line of trade.  I'm done my part, Danny. How you been, Danny? Hmm. Can't use anything. Gonna help me out? Gee, I wish I could, Benny. But I swore off in a stole pigeon, Danny. I run up to my mom just last week and told her how nice I'm doing with poison.  Yeah, yeah. Look at this catch, Benny. You ever see this man before? I... I haven't got my glasses, Danny. Hold it up close. Huh? You ever see him? Never, sir. Help me. Don't look like that, Danny. I don't lie to you. This man's been passing hot money. Can't afford, huh? Uh-uh. From a messenger holed up in shooting, murder. This guy? You ever see him? I just told you, Danny.  Close time, gents. Oh, come close in time. Nine o'clock's never close in time. Tonight it is.  I'm a customer. Yeah? To pay your check and leave, I'm going home.  The only reason I've served you in the first place was your flash to 20. The old $4.60 I brought to the church. Yeah. Where'd you get a $20 bill, Benny? Oh, Danny. Danny, look. It's nine o'clock in it. Today at nine o'clock, Benny Fain is turning over on no leave. Clear my conscience and leave the old Benny Fain behind. Stop. Where'd you get it? I'm glad for the opportunity to tell you, Danny. I heard about a guy who was selling hot dough. The old Benny Fain got his address and bought a $20 bill for a fin. The old Benny Fain thought it was a conifit, not murder dough. Where'd you buy the $20 bill, Benny? Ah, just on, uh, 114th Street, 607 First Floor, all the way back. Well, good night to all. Sylvia, mister, she's not here. And I've searched everywhere, under the bed, under the liquor bottle. Who are you? Just a lonely redhead looking for an old girlfriend. I lost somewhere in a bar one dim day long ago and far away. All of a sudden, lonely me remembered Sylvia. Remembered you told me she lives here. Let's go inside, huh? I tell you, the girl's not here. I guess you can come on in. Sylvia won't mind. Well, you're in. Do something. Say the kind words. I'm from the police. Who are you? Joan Carson will make a faithful and obedient servant have references. Say the kind words. No Sylvia lives here, Miss Carson. This room belongs to a man who's selling hot money. You heard about it and came to buy from him. You greedy, freezy money, Miss Carson? It's a proverb for the redheads. Money comes easy, goes easy. Who needs to walk the length of a grimy hall fort? Wait in an empty room for it. No one was here. Who let you in? A graceful movement of my soft, dainty hand. I knocked. No answer. I tried the knob, it turned. Sylvia wasn't here. I thought to wait. How long have you been waiting? A half minute, a whole minute, maybe, before you knocked. That's the teenage boys on the front stoop. They all know this is my entry. Commented, too, in a kind of fashion. You don't know anything about the man who lives here. Turn around and look, Mr. Look. Could that be him that walking death in the doorway? Could that be him? He fell before I could get to him. He fell in the limp, loose way of men who were already dead. His hands were wet with the flow of his blood, where he'd held the bullet wound. His mouth shaped a word. Then it, too, was gone. The death wound, the silence. This was what was left of a man whose picture I carried, who sold blood money to rose fanciers to pillow salesmen, who had died for it, been murdered for it. You are listening to Broadway's My Beat, written by Morton Fine and David Friedkin, and starring Larry Thor as Detective Danny Clover. Every day of the year, the Red Cross is helping humanity somewhere. Servicemen rely on it. Disaster victims owe their lives to its prompt help. Communities everywhere know its day-by-day services. All these countless ministries are financed by your contributions. Won't you answer the call to make this year's contribution larger than ever? When the trade winds blow in from the Hudson and springtime comes to Broadway, it's a season of rare enchantment. March is on its way out, and a few more X's in the calendar, and it's April. It's the time, kid, for weather talk, for baseball scores from sunny Florida, and bite your lip against the knowledge that Joda Match won't be out there in center field anymore. But it's the good time. The man at the orange juice stand whistles while he puts the yearly coat of shellac and the coconut.  So have a smile, kid. It's that time of the year. But it wasn't smile time where I was. It was the sodden room to be found at the end of all the sodden corridors in the world. The sand-colored walls enclosing the depth of a man and standing beside him a girl and beside him another man, Detective Muggevin. Name's John Mooney, Danny. Here's his wallet. Let me have it. I'll take a look around, Muggevin. All right, young lady, you said your name is John Carson and you came here looking for a long-lost friend. Look, Mr. This don't make any difference.  I came here looking for a friend. What friend? What difference does it make? What friend? Sylvia. Don't even remember her last name. Know how you forget? Sometime you pass by and you say, I think Sylvia used to live here. Find out how she is, you know? Sure, a friend of yours used to live here. No, I'm not sure. The street looks something like this in the house. Ask if she's sure Sylvia lived in New York then. Don't worry about it, Muggevin. Just keep... Hey, Danny. How much was taken in that robbery, Danny? 50,000. Want me to count this and see how much is missing? No. Miss Carson, come here a minute. Take a look at the money, Detective. Muggevin found this drawer. Close to 50,000 dollars. You can go now, Miss Carson. Muggevin. Uh-huh. The follower. Then walk away from it. Walk the tired night streets of early spring. Here and there a window open to it, the soiled curtain floating, floating in the darkness, swaying to the dance of the night, disc jockey calls in the unlighted room. Brushed shoulders with a straggler who was angered because for an instant you made him lose his hurried way to know where, then smiles his forgiveness and just there at the end of the corner where the street lamp dims, he sees it, will find it again. And then the quiet street where your room is where your lucky sleep waits to welcome you. Only first you must rid yourself of the image of a murdered man who sold money and graved with death, of a girl with red hair who walked now or slapped or laughed, and the shadow that mocked her was not her own. And sleep is diluted to these things. And finally sleep runs out. And at headquarters the next day make a phone call to Les Cheney for routine questioning. He told by his wife that he'd gone out to an interview for a job. Tell her that when he came back to stay home you might be stopping by later on. Then it's noon. Your lunch hour is short because... Danny Clover speaking. Markov and Danny get down here to Charles Hotel West 12. You got some? Yeah. Come through please. I'm from the police. Medical examiner is taking care of me. What happened, Markov, and I told you to follow her. Come here, Danny. Tell me what happened. I followed the girl home. That's where she went when she left that flea bag last night. She went to her apartment. Straight to her apartment? If she hadn't gone straight to her apartment this wouldn't be the story I'm telling you, would it? Go on. Straight to her apartment. At two in the morning I got Florio to relieve me. I went home. Straight home. At nine this morning just as the girl was leaving her apartment I relieved Florio. She went out to breakfast shop, made no phone calls, and came back here about an hour ago for lunch. She came down here at the ladies lounge. I waited outside the door. About ten minutes later there was a scream. The attendant found the girl at the dressing table with a knife in her back. That's it. The people coming in and going out, you know, I'll get out. Okay, okay. It's just this, Danny. This key. I found it in her bag. 607. It's John Mooney's room, isn't it, Danny? Yeah. Let me have it. See you around, Detective Margaret. It shows in the correct moment, Danny. What? What are you talking about, you know? The moment of please disturb, or the moment of please do not disturb. I took a flyer and chose the former. I hope I have not overstepped the bounds of a 12-year-old sergeancy. This is your better date, you know? The lot of a sergeant, Danny, all propaganda to the contrary, notwithstanding. The lot of said sergeant after 12 years of faithful and obedient service is not a merry one. 12 years is a long way to go to the delicatessen for sandwiches for the boys. 12 years is sticking the nose in the dusty files and records.  Ha! Promotion. Ha! Ha! This same stale crumb, I off-tossed to the patient, strained to the breaking point, Mrs. Tartaglia. It is her comment I just quoted. Ha! Promotion. Ha! It'll go through one of these days, you know? I promise not to flip the lid while waiting. Don't work, don't any. If you wish. My burden, my refuge. I... An Aunt Les Cheney once suspected thief and murderer in that payroll robbery of some years' former. He is still not come home. He is still at large, violating his parole, no doubt. You think he's mixed up in this, you know? It matters to anyone what a 12-year-old sergeant thinks. Let's proceed, shall we? Whatever you want, you know? And then John Mooney deceased by murder that he was a pickpocket whose name was inscribed as such in our archives practically from the moment of the laying of the cornerstone. His room was in Joan Carson's purse where Muggum found it. What? Oh, just tell me what you got on Joan Carson. I was coming to her, Dany. Sorry. It's one of the wounds that leave no apparent scars. How you hire ups never accept me. I said I was sorry, Gino. Accepted. And then Joan Carson alleged murder of Mooney, a girl also with a record of possession of narcotics. What? In the month of October, the year 1943, picked up in her apartment together with one less Cheney by the narcotics boys. Sentence served the year on the island. With less Cheney, the same Cheney? They're very sane. I am dismissed, Lieutenant. Well, Gino... I hope I have been of some service. Good day, Lieutenant. And good hunting. Uh, Dany... I didn't mean it. Not you. It's the other... You did good, Gino. Real good. This is so tangly I'll be proud of you. Go home and tell her. Waiting for you almost all day. Come on. I told Les to wait for you, so get it over with quick. Ruth doesn't mean it. Les, your parole papers say you have to be polite to cops. Show me where it says about the hat and the hands and the bowing. Ruthie... I waited five years for a man to come back. Look what came back. What's the matter with you, Les? You know who he is?  Ruthie, they didn't do that. I told you they didn't do it. I violated a law and I was caught. You had to memorize that speech, Les? You always had a poor memory. What made it stick, brass knuckles? Don't mind her, Mr. Clover. What can I do for you? Did you read the papers? To see how we finally found that money that was stolen in that holdup you were involved in five years ago? I can't go along with you on that, Mr. Clover. I was never involved in a holdup. My error, the one we picked you up for. The one you couldn't make stick? Sure, I admit it. My car was used as a getaway car, but it had been stolen from me. And you couldn't prove otherwise or you planted the narcotics on him. Why are you talking to him, Les? Because I have to, Ruthie. Don't mind, Mr. Clover. That's right. Let's get back to that money, Les. I don't understand why we have to get back to anything. Humor me, huh? Yes, I have to do that, too, don't I? We found it in a man's room. The man's name was John Mooney, and he had a record as being a pickpocket. Well, Ruthie and I were discussing that a while ago. Les read it to me out of the paper, and I clocked. I was wondering how he got that money, Les. I wouldn't know. I'll tell you how I figure he got the money. He was a pickpocket, so he picked somebody's pocket. All I'd done? Had a good day. Not really. He got killed for it. So he didn't have a good day. Go argue with a cop. We know who killed John Mooney. I said we... What? I... Oh, girl, named Joan Carson. She killed him someplace near his hotel. Took his key went to his room to look for the money. I found her there. Clover, Ruthie's missed me for five years, and I only been out a month. It's like we were married all over again. Let me spend my evenings with Ruthie. It'll only take a little while. The thing that bothered us, Les, was who Joan Carson was and how she knew where to find the money. You know who she was? You tell me, Mrs. Cheney. You tell him, Les. Tell him. Sure. I once knew of Mr. Clover a long time ago. I knew a lot of addicts a long time ago. It still bothers us, Les. How she knew where the money was. We couldn't find it for five years. How do I know what she knows? You're in jail for five years. We never saw a dollar that $50,000 that was stolen. You get out and start circulating. You still want to pin it on him, huh? Let me tell both of you how it all ties together. You did commit that robbery and murder, Les. Somewhere the money was hidden. You get out, get the money, take it someplace to get rid of it at a discount.  Then the money starts showing. I don't think you're going to prove it this time, either, Clover. That's what held me up so long, Les.  I couldn't believe it, but I had to come back to it. Like I said, you still need proof. Maybe you're right. We've still got another problem.  How are we going to do that, Les? Good kid. Get him out of here, Les. Wait a minute. Clover, how do you figure Ruthie killed you? How'd you figure it, Les? You figure it? Ruthie. You need help, Les? Yeah. Yeah, help me.  Didn't she hit it someplace? Take it from there. See what happens. Are you crazy, Les?  Well, Clover, take it from there.  What did you tell your wife when you lost it? I told her I lost it. Lost it. Lost it to that redhead. You killed it, didn't you? Didn't you? Listen to me, Les. Nah, you listen to me. That's what I told you. That money was stolen. The pickpocket recognized me and called me and tried to sell it back to me. I didn't have any money to buy it. Why didn't that redhead for it? Why didn't she send me? Because I'm not beautiful anymore after waiting for you. Because I don't dip my head in henna. Because I don't own a slip that's not frayed.  She crossed your kill and was going to keep that money for herself. Nah, she wasn't. She was going to come back to me. Oh, no. Oh, no, Les. Not her. Not Miss Joan Carcel. I took care of that. Killed her. Killed her, Les. Followed her and killed her. For you. For the past five years. For the years you were going to make up to me.  Just to me, Les. To no one else. Mr. Pover. Yes? Take us away together. Twilight lies against Broadway like grey speckled gauze.  The street of the hurry up steps. The fast questions. Dances. The seekers after the special smile.   It's Broadway. The Gaudiest. The most violent. The lonesomest mile in the world. Broadway. My Beat. It is My Beat. Stars Larry Thor as Detective Danny Clover. With Charles Calvert as Protaglia. And Jack Krushen as Muggevin. The program was produced and directed by Elliot Lewis. Musical score was composed by Alexander Courage. And conducted by Marlon Skiles. In tonight's story, Charlotte Lawrence was heard as Ruth. And Anthony Barrett as Les. Featured in the cast were Georgia Ellis. Howard McNeer and Leo Cleary. This is your old man. And most everyone else in his generation. And the beauty of their comedy is that it's just as funny. Just as fabulous. Just as fresh. As when Amos and Andy first stole America's heart 23 years ago. Tomorrow night on most of these same CBS radio stations, listen and laugh with Amos and Andy. Phil Anders speaking. And remember, Robert Q's Waxworks brings you the top records and recording artists on the CBS Radio Network.


So everyone, we're here at the Apapka show. We just had this whole lot walk up to the table. Let's take a look at what cards we might be interested in. So we got Buster Posey on the Dynasty Patch Auto. Flawless Emerald Justin Herbert. If that had the auto and wasn't just a patch, we would probably be interested in it. Can never go wrong with a little Shaq diesel. What's your favorite Shaq nickname? I might go with the Big Cactus. The newly acquired Indiana Pacer. What a time to potentially pick up some Pascal Siaco. Zach Levine. Magic on card from Immaculate. Love this milestone set. How about that one? One of one, rookie auto Anthony Edwards. It is a college rookie ticket. But how often do you see a one of one ant man walk up to a table at a 30 table card show? What a find.  Still sealed from Panini. You know it was a redemption. That's a fun find. Those are the raw cards. Now let's take a look at the gems. We got some slabs too. Vintage Tatees. Is he gonna have a bounce back here? We even got Hockey. Some WMBA Prism. Cole Caulfield. Now that's a name to watch out for. Very good young player. Jason Roverson. And then how about that? Four more shimmer first off the lines. All PSA 10. I appreciate this customer for bringing this lot to the table. Now let's decide what we're gonna buy. What's going on everybody? This is Tyson with Thomas memorabilia here. Showcase from one of the best cards that we pulled here at Tulago. We got the Palo Boncero. Five out of five. Pink shimmer. We got the number match. We got the bucket. Obviously we're here in Orlando looking for this card.  Come see us out at the Orlando Card Show. We'll be here today and tomorrow until three o'clock. My name's Kevin May. I'm coming from Ocala. Here at the Apopka Card Show, brought a couple of my favorite cards with me here. Got the downtown Criso Olave at the Gem 10. Everybody's looking for the downtowns nowadays. I got a rear Justin Fields on card auto numbered out of 60 with the PSA Auto 10 on it. So come on down and see us. We got some first off the line slabs. Some on card autos. Some RPAs. It doesn't get better than this. George drove two and a half hours to work this deal with us. We appreciate customers like this. Walked in with a shoebox full of cards.  How you doing? I'm Caesar. I'm here at the Apopka Card Show wheelin' and dealin'. These are my two favorite pickups. It's gonna be an Anthony Richardson to the moon downtown. And a T-Law 95 auto to 75 10 on the auto. Two players that have a huge upside. Apopka Card Show. Best card show there is. Here I'm Stride at the Apopka Card Show. Here we're laying sports cards. I work with these guys all the time. These guys break from me all the time. They do an awesome job. I picked up some personal fleshing cards. Got some kind of quiche on. Quiche on von for my Bucks wall. I got Kyle Pitts.  Traylon Burke, same thing. And Justin Fields that they gave me a good deal on. But the card of the day is the Patrick Mahou's Mythical. This guy just keeps ballin' out. I also picked up the deal of the day. Some Bowman Chrome Mew just came out. Yeah, Bowman Chrome Mew. I'm gonna hit a brawny. I saw him getting hit all day long this morning. So, Sam, this has gotta be another brawny, right? All right guys, take it easy. Hey guys, Sanrique here. I picked up a Chet Holmgrim out of 49 from Layton. Great deal. It's a great day here at Apopka. All right, y'all. So we are wrapping up day one at the Apopka Show.  We made a couple of really nice trades. And we were able to buy two really nice lots that you'll be able to find some of those cards in a future Almanac.


Good evening. I am Anne McNaughton, Director of the A&U Centre for European Studies here at the Australian National University. I begin by acknowledging all First Nations peoples on whose lands and over whose airways we are meeting this evening. I acknowledge the Ngunnawal and Nambri people and pay my respects to all First Nations peoples joining us tonight. Distinguished guests, friends and colleagues here and across Australia, welcome. We are live from the Wellan Hall here at the Australian National University in Canberra, talking to audiences across the nation. It is wonderful that we are joined by so many university students across 20 Australian universities online. I also welcome the students who are joining us in-house tonight from the A&U and also from our local partner universities here in Canberra. We are absolutely honoured to hear this evening from His Excellency Volodymyr Zelensky, President of Ukraine, who will join us shortly. It is now my great pleasure to introduce the Honourable Julie Bishop, Chancellor of the Australian National University and former Foreign Minister of Australia. Chancellor, the floor is yours. Thank you, Anne. I too acknowledge and celebrate the First Nations people on whose traditional lands we meet the Ngunnawal Nambri people and pay respects to Elders past and present. On behalf of the Australian National University and together with our Vice-Chancellor, Professor Brian Schmidt, I welcome you here to Wellan Hall, a capacity audience and of course to those joining us online, particularly the students from 21 universities across Australia. I acknowledge the presence of the Honourable Tim Watts, the Assistant Minister for Foreign Affairs, Senator Simon Birmingham, the Leader of the Opposition in the Senate and Senator David Vann, and other distinguished guests and members of our diplomatic corps, and particularly His Excellency, the Ambassador of Ukraine, Vasyl Muroshnychenko. Russia's invasion of the sovereign and independent state of Ukraine on the 24th of February this year was an affront to humanity and to freedom. Many people have lost their lives. Many more have been injured. Communities are suffering. Cities and towns have been ravaged and the destruction continues. While Russia's invasion evoked dark and grisly memories of previous conflicts when sovereign boundaries were redrawn through the use of military force. This is also a direct challenge to the international rules-based order that has evolved since the Second World War, that network of treaties and conventions and norms underpinned by international law designed to prevent nations imposing their will on other nations through coercion and military might. Russia is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and thus has a particular responsibility to uphold international peace and security. Yet its actions have betrayed the trust of every nation around the world. Of course, this invasion commenced eight years ago when Russia backed separatists, so-called, in eastern Ukraine and deployed advanced weapons systems across its border. We in Australia know that because on the 17th of July 2014 a Russian surface-to-air book missile brought down Malaysian Airlines MH-17, a civilian aircraft over eastern Ukraine, killing all 298 passengers and crew including 38 Australians. Families in Australia, the Netherlands, Malaysia and other countries around the world continue to grieve and yet Russia still has not accepted responsibility as a perpetrator of this atrocity. Ukraine's leader has stood firm in the face of Russian aggression. Rallying his people through his presence and his words, supporting his military as they inflict significant losses on the invading forces, his energy, his determination, his advocacy for freedom against tyranny has inspired people around the world. And it is our great honour that he has agreed to participate in this event this evening. Please join with me in welcoming the President of Ukraine, his Excellency, Lotomir Zelensky. Thank you so much. Dear Mrs. Chancellor of the Australian National University, the teachers and students all the present, I know that overall quantity of participants in these translations and these broadcasts are more than 20 universities of Australia and I thank you for this opportunity to have this speech with you. We have 161st day of the full scale war which was launched by Russian Federation against Ukraine. Every day world is shocked by the new messages about new Russian atrocities. This shouldn't be a common thing for the world because it would mean that world has put up with it. A lot of people were concerned and still concerned, concerned, has concern about what they need to do, that they should be delicate and not to anger Russia, that Russia would have an opportunity to save the face. And it has to be an obvious for everyone that that doesn't have, doesn't matter at all.  It is impossible to save the face of those who doesn't want it by itself. Russian Federation openly demonstrated to all the nations. It's been already 161 days. It's important not to forget none of those days. World constantly speaks about the Russian section only in the context of the later, let's say, topical atrocity. But now world needs to put it all together and recognize and realize the one who wants to save its face and wipe the peaceful villages and city out of the face of the earth. Doesn't launch them from the multi-launch rocket system every day and every night. Doesn't hit the households. Doesn't hit with cruise missiles. Doesn't hit the living quarters with class-stimulation and phosphorus bombs. Doesn't launch the rockets to the Kramatov railway station. For example, where the hundreds of people were waiting for a vacation. Doesn't launch rockets to the Vinitsa city center. Where hundreds of people were just walking. Doesn't launch rockets in the mall in Kremenchuk. Where hundreds of people were just buying food or things. Doesn't drop pumps on the birth houses and hospitals. On the kindergarten schools, universities, on museum theaters and temples. Doesn't target the artillery against cemeteries. And doesn't strike with rockets on the memorial complex of Holocaust victims in Babiyar. The one who wants to save its face doesn't commit the hundreds, the thousands of military crimes. And crimes against humanity doesn't commit the massive executions of the peaceful population. Doesn't put the handcuffs on the peaceful people.   And children on the eyes of their own mothers. The one who wants to save their face wouldn't do the blockages of the occupied cities. Wouldn't deprave the people of food and portable water, of necessary medical supplies. Wouldn't deprave people of heat, of warmth, of communication, of the slightest hope. Doesn't show the humanitarian corridors. Doesn't deliver people to the coercive labor. Doesn't kidnap children, separating families. Doesn't leave the decades, decades of collective graves. Those who wants to save his face doesn't hijack. The nuclear stations doesn't hit the energy blocks with tanks. Doesn't threaten to do the nuclear war. An energy crisis doesn't block the ports and ships with wheat. Creating the threat of the massive famine on the planet. And by signing a document on the blocking of the ports and free passage of the ships doesn't shoot ports, doesn't shell ports. And the next day of the signature, the one who wants to save his face doesn't bring with him the mobile cremateurs to destroy bodies and hide its own atrocities, doesn't have attitude to his own soldiers as to cannon fodder doesn't do massive tortures, massive atrocities and attacks. The one who lost his mind, his heart, his conscious dignity, all that human has, this is the one who lost it long ago. Today's Russia has lost his face long ago. It has happened not yesterday, not the day before yesterday and not the day and not this weekend, this week. This has been proven a lot and this mask has been already disguised, the mask of peacekeeper with the mask with the holes for the eyes and mouth, the mask who were the terrorists. And the difference between terrorists in Russia is that the terrorists hold they're accountable for the action and Russia cannot do even that and try to use other people of their atrocities, separate countries and the whole world. And now this world is before the choice. It's been a long choice to someone it's uncomfortable and to someone it's unavoidable. You cannot hide of this choice, you cannot somehow avoid it. For 161 days of full scale war in Europe, the humanity has come through 161 points of unreturning. For many countries there is time where they should give up their own interest before the interest of the planet or otherwise both of them, the first and the second would be threatened because of the terrorist, of the world terrorist. Any trade, any business or any other forms of preparation in the Russian Federation today, most of all, will bear the great benefit for the others and most probably death to the others. Political, economic energy or any other benefit equals to the lives of thousands of people who are killed by Russian weapons. The world has to do its choice, the UN has to do its choice, the Security Council has to do its choice, the International Red Cross Committee has to do its choice. OCE has to do its choice. EU countries has to do their choice. NATO countries has to do their choice. G7 and G20 countries have to do their choice. US has to do its choice and to do this important step to recognize Russian Federation as the country's terrorist sponsor. This time has come, this time has come long ago and the reverse countdown has been already launched and there are only two options, determination and that means disease of atrocities in Russia or another bombing, another shelling of those terrorists. I know that a lot of Australians send their financial aid to our country, give us medical supplies, work as volunteers in hospitals, they provide delivery of humanitarian assistance and also they are on the frontline and I call you continue to help us, continue to help Ukraine including being in the classrooms by standing for the truth and debunking the myth that we're so masterly and so skilful if obligated by Russian propaganda machine. I am very thankful to Anthony Albanese, the government who made significant systematic support of our country which includes full scale military and humanitarian assistance, sanctions against Russian and Belarusian legal and physical entities, the cancelling of Ukrainian goods, taxes, even the call for our Ukrainian energy. Currently your country gives one of the biggest military support to Ukraine among the countries who are non-native members. We will be thankful for continuation of this support. War is not over and today we as never before need your support, need support of all the civilized countries along with whom we will most sure stop and conquer evil. Thank you for attention. Glory to Ukraine. President Zelensky, I hope you can tell by that standing ovation that the people of Australia recognize the sacrifice that is being made by the people of Ukraine. We acknowledge that they have a right to choose their own destiny and people around the world are sending a powerful message in various ways. We here at the Australian National University condemned the invasion in the very early days and suspended all research and academic activity with Russian counterparts. We must all do our part. And we are delighted that you've agreed to take questions from our students. We have a number here in Llewellyn Hall and a number who have sent questions online. May I first ask a student within Llewellyn Hall to ask a question of you and then, depending upon how much time we have, I'll go to questions from across Australia. So first, Sophia from the Australian National University. I call on you to ask a question of President Zelensky. After the outbreak of the war, many Ukrainians lost their family and home, but I see that you and other Ukrainians still have a strong fighting spirit and optimistic attitude. I would like to ask you that how do you achieve this? Thank you, President Zelensky. Thank you for this question, Sophia, as soon as I heard. I am inspired by people. I am inspired by our nation, strong, resilient, honest nation. The people who fight for its life, for their families, for everything we have for our Ukraine, this belongs to the Ukrainian nation and nobody else. And that's why I am proud of it. And I'm proud that I'm one of the citizens of those people. The resilience of our nation depends not only on leaders of the country. Everyone in our country is a leader. That's the situation we have. If someone wouldn't feel this resilience, someone couldn't feel Ukraine as his own life, that wouldn't happen. We haven't finished this war yet, but I'm sure that thanks to resilience of our country, thanks to our military, to our doctors and everyone, I'm sure we will win this war. Thank you, Sophia. We have a question from Liam, also from the Australian National University here in Llewellyn Hall. Mr President, are you hopeful that a post-Putin Russia will be able to democratise and be integrated into Europe as a global society, or is this unlikely? Thank you. It depends only on one country in the world and its country is Russia. Only one nation, it's Russian nation.  It was a fascist Germany, but then German nation found the power to recognise the tragedy as a great tragic mistake of their nation, of their people, of those who followed Hitler, of those who, because somebody supported this government and somebody just kept silent, and everyone understood that everyone were guilty and they have chosen another path to recognise this tragedy, to recognise themselves as guilty and move on. And today we see one of the most powerful economies in the world and one of the most powerful democracies in the world. That was their choice. The choice was right, as I think. And they gave the chance to the following generation not to live as isolated, but to live among the civilised people and to be on the same high level of life. And I think that Russia will have this opportunity for sure. President Zelensky, I now have a question from our online audience. Carolyn, a student from the University of New England in New South Wales. Carolyn asks, it's obvious that no matter where we live in the world, we are all impacted by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The war's impact on food, fertiliser and fuel cost is far reaching and countries are rethinking political and economic alliances. But how can we, as students in Australia, assist with somehow alleviating the human cost to your country? Is our empathy and moral support sufficient or can we do more? You know, you can't stand aside because the one who stands aside, not depending on where, which corner in the world, that one helps Russia because they are powerful, they have more people, more equipment, they have nuclear weapons. And this is a struggle of trinocrity against democracy. So you can't stand aside if you protect common principles with Ukraine. I'm sure that in the world the majority of people, the majority of countries protect the same shared values that we protect today on the battlefield with the cost of our life. Then you can't stand aside whatever it would mean. You can't just sympathize. I would be frank. We thank you for your moral support, but you also need to support our deeds. In order we would have the opportunity to win the tyranny. We need to have support with concrete actions because every hour, every day, we are losing the most important which we were giving God by planet Earth in our countries, the lives of people. And help, I already told that a lot of Australian citizens, indeed they help us a lot. They render humanitarian assistance. Please don't forget about it. Please continue. And the second I would like to turn my attention is informational war. It's difficult and Russia spends billions on their propaganda machine instead of raising social standards.  We all know everything about Russia. We personally know that the enemy has come to our land, but in different corners of the globe, which are far from Ukraine, they spread on different continents, on African continent and Malaysian space. They spread the informational policy that they haven't invaded anyone. And that works unfortunately. Even after a few years, after a lot of years of the war, people can't open their heart to the truth. Sometimes they are good with it. They are comfortable. They are having their business interests. And those business interests are more important than the lives of people for them. That's why please share this information with everyone, with other countries as I mentioned, and students and youth by using the social networks. You have an opportunity to show the truth about Ukraine. That will help us indeed. Your Excellency, I have another question from the online audience. Shintong from Swinburne University in Melbourne. He asks, how do you view China's attitude and behaviour towards this war, where it somehow provided support to Russia, despite its claim to be neutral? Do you think it is possible for Ukraine to enlist the support of China? And then Shintong sends his best wishes to all the Ukrainian people. Thank you. I was in China with my family. It's a beautiful city and I wish you peace in Melbourne and health and everything the best. As for China, you know, as a president, indeed I do everything every day that Russia wouldn't be able to unite anyone around itself and praise the Lord that I'm not alone. We all work on it with great dedication to deliver the truth, to deliver the information. And we see that Russia are losing its elites, its economic elites. It's not very full-scale, but still it loses it. And I would like China to join the unified world position as for tyranny of Russia against Ukraine in whatever way it would happen. As for now, China is balancing and indeed has neutrality. And I will be honest, this neutrality is better than China would join Russia. And I believe that the society of Russia, the nation of China, the people of China will do the prudent choice. It's important that for us that China wouldn't help Russia. We have some occasions as for sanctions, some nations help Russian Federation a little. They do not feel on themselves which influence this war has made on the whole world. Mr President, another question from a student in our audience here. Polina from Macquarie University has a question. The resilience of Ukrainians has impressed the whole world. In what ways do you think Ukrainian society and culture will be different after the war? Thank you, President Zelensky. Thank you for the question. You know, I think that the values we are protecting, we were having those values even before the war. But we had this as granted. We had the right to live, the right to have freedom, the right to love, to choose where you live and who you will love most important. And to love it's our nation, it's a choice of every person. You don't think before the war that you could have this moment where you need to choose because of the war. And the most scary thing is that someone else will choose where you need to live. And you hear it from me but you can't feel it right now. And I'm happy that you don't have to face this choice.  And I am happy that you're posing these questions, that you're having answers for those questions. You're thinking not only for yourself and you're thinking for the future of the country you live. So you have this freedom, the same values that we have. And after the war, all these understanding what's important for you became very acute, became very severe from different priorities. They are different, those priorities. People starting to think about other things. The most important thing is my child, my family. How is our neighbor, let him live? What's going on the front? What's going on with our military, with our statehood, with our homeland? We are retreating, we are going further. Are we wanting to give up our countries? We are changing the values. Second, the resiliency, we are united. It's very important. We can have a lot of differences in our society. Someone likes the law, someone doesn't like the law. Somebody sees the harsh vertical, somebody sees the liberal society. We have different people, different views. We have different ethnicities, different ethnicities, different nationalities. And I'm proud of this. That we have such a multifaceted country, such a multiverse country. But it's united. It's very important to have unity in our country on this period of trials. And I would like to believe that we will stay this united, the very united nation in the same way that we have during this war and we will have the same unity after the war. We have a question from Kyle, online, from Queensland University of Technology. And Kyle asks, in the future, do you ever think Russian-Ukraine relations could reach good terms after this devastating war? And if so, what would it take for that to happen? Most probably. This is the most hard question, the hardest question. Because I will tell you, Frank, nobody wants anything to have in common with people who did all the things with our people. And I'm telling you wholeheartedly, is it possible or not in the future? It will depend only on Russia. And what we need to do for this, I even don't know if we can have this list. And no, every family has lost something and everyone and tried inside himself something and will not forget whom he has given, what he has given, whether it was a child, whether it was a father. Excuse me for telling this, the teared hands and feet on the battlefield, are they able to return it? I'm not sure. That is why they will have to think for us and for the whole world what to do to return, to return at least some possibility of the future common existence with Ukraine and with other world. The question that belongs only to them. Thank you, Mr. President. I have another question from a student in the hall here, Bridget from the Australian National University. Bridget, would you stand and ask your question? As a leader at war, what has been the most challenging or the hardest concept for you while understanding and fighting on the ground? Didn't you hear that? I'll ask Bridget to read it again slowly. As a leader at war, what has been the hardest concept to grasp or the hardest thing to accept when fighting on the ground? Did you hear that, Mr. President? The hardest thing to accept as a concept when fighting on the ground? I will tell you, I didn't think that people are capable of those things and I would share it in the two aspects. On one side, our people who are capable of such heroism went out on the street and started to stop the military equipment tanks with bare hands in the areas which were occupied. We were asking, we tried to recreate people and somebody told, I'm not going out of this, it's my land and those people, there were a lot of them. And the next part of humanity, on the other side, the people who came to our land who simply, I don't want to repeat, I already told that, but those things that they've done with the same people as they are, it's a shock for me. I never thought that people are capable of those. We have seen different movies, thrillers, the horror movies. We all watched it, but I never thought that the reality in Ukraine would be even more scary than the scariest movies. Thank you. President, I have a question from Xing Yu, a student online from the University of Sydney. Xing Yu asks, how does the ongoing situation affect Ukraine's economy and what is the economic rebuild plan for the future? Thank you for the question. The war has displaced 12 millions of people. Part of them are still in Ukraine, losing their job, their business in other cities. Part has moved abroad, losing the same. And thanks to God, not losing the wish, the desire to come back. And when they have the desire to come back to return, that means most probably we will rebuild. As for the rebuilding Ukraine's economy, it's another question, it will happen in time. Now I would like to say a few things about the economy. When we have such a quantity of people moving abroad, we understand that we lost a lot of jobs, billions of jobs actually. Not thousands, when sometimes politicians generalised tens of thousands. No, those are millions. And for the country which has 40 million population, 12 millions displaced and you understand that it's a disaster. It's a great strike for economy. It's almost killing the economy. And now it's in karma and we have to do not only Ukraine, but all the world as doctors do some remedy for our economy that we will compensate the deficit of 5 billion dollars. This is a deficit that we have month every month. It's a great sum of money, 5 billion US dollars. We are not talking about great construction about something, a great project is just for granting social assistance, basic social needs, those who need this assistance urgently, 5 billion and these are huge losses. The blocking of ports by Russian Federation, this is a great loss for economy. Not only of Ukrainian economy, but the world economy. Of course we are creating 10, as a minimum 10 billion of tons of grain, it needs to be returned for our land. And you know that 5 billion dollar deficit monthly will give us an opportunity to require this wheat urgently for us. It's very important and Russia is blocking it. And it understands that it will cause the food deficit through blocking of Ukrainian ports. It can cause famine of millions. It can cause chaos in a lot of countries. We understand it. Those countries calling us, we are constantly in communication with them and they ask us, they beg us, let's pressure Russia and just recently thanks to UN in partnership with Turkey we had first ship with the delivery of grain, but it's still nothing. But we hope it's a tendency that will continue and the aftermath of this war, it's not only horrifying for Ukraine but for all the world, even in the future, in the far future, and the world yet is not feeling it but will feel it. And I don't think there is some distance in the war. We have a question from Bailey who is online from the University of the Sunshine Coast in Queensland.  Has there been any additional international aid for Ukrainians with disability and other minorities needing extra help to survive? And if not, what is the most appropriate way for us as both individuals and as a nation to help? Well, I thank you for this question. We have a few programs. And by the way, my wife is dealing with this direction. She helps with her side, our country and our institutions. With these programs you can have information on those programs and of course you can help those programs. And for example, United24 platform, we have a great charity state platform where you can serve, find in the Internet which direction you can assist. It's not only about weapons, it's also about medical supplies. It's about such directions that you just mentioned. It's also infrastructural support, et cetera. You can join, you can participate in those directions and you can have interest in them. And we support our handicapped people or every people we try to help their, our priority. President, I hope we have time for a couple more questions. I'll ask Olivia from the Australian National University here in Llewellyn Hall to ask a question. Amidst the conflict and violence, how do you feel about the participation and victory of Ukraine at the 2022 Eurovision Song Contest? Particularly with a song that recognizes so much of Ukraine's language and culture, do you believe that music is an important tool for cultural connection during violence? First of all, yes, I do think that the culture, sport and science have the great significance in the times of war, even more important than in the peacetime. And, you know, for Ukraine, motivation is to win for every Ukrainian, and that's why we are motivated by any victory. We support our sportsmen, and never before we support our cultural activists. And Eurovision is not the, is one of the greatest examples where we support our cultural activists. We support our scientists when they become the best in the mathematics or physical scientists. We support them as never before. Before this, somebody, a lot of people, haven't even heard about us, and that's why this is a victory in all directions for us. It's important for us because it's a great battlefield for us everywhere. Thank you. President Zelensky, I understand that time is against us, but we think that on that note we can end this conversation with you. On behalf of the audience here this evening and the participants online, on behalf of the Australian National University and the 21 other universities that are working with us to present this event this evening, we thank you for taking part. We appreciate your time and the opportunity to hear directly from a world leader who is fighting for the survival of his people. We stand with you. We stand with Ukraine. And we support you in your continuing fight for freedom and democracy in the face of tyranny. Thank you for your efforts. We salute your courage and your determination. Please join with me in thanking President Zelensky. This conversation sometimes you ask me what more we can do for Ukraine. So I said that you've been to Kiev times and I think you saw, I think you saw our people and I think you understand why they're fighting so great. Your question, what else you can do for Ukraine to understand us to be in Ukraine and see our people? I think it's very important. Thank you so much for this possibility. All the best. Good luck. We will win. Ladies and gentlemen, that certainly was an extraordinary opportunity to hear from President Zelensky and I'll now hand over to the Ukrainian ambassador who wishes to have the final word. Honourable Julia Beshep, your Excellencies, my friends, students, I'm overwhelmed by the support I've seen for President Zelensky, such a big turnout, 21 universities participating, very genuine discussion. I was very pleased that you could have a very interactive conversation. Because often people come, they do a speech and they leave and I think that was a unique opportunity for many of you young people out there to be able to ask your question, to get an answer and just to feel and understand how it is to be a leader at the times of war. There's some very good questions that were asked. Of course, my favorite one was about the Eurovision Song Contest. Personally, I was involved for 10 years in the Eurovision Song Contest and contributed to Ukraine's victory in 2004. But look, I think students are so important. I'm very curious to find out later how many students eventually have been watching this live stream because I think that never happened in Australian history and I think Australia has even done much better than other countries in terms of the turnout and the number of people. I'll have to find out the statistics from the US and UK but I think in terms of the numbers, I think Australia again has demonstrated that you know how to punch about your weight. When I was a student myself, I was extremely active in the youth politics and the youth activities and at the time I set up European Youth Parliament which was a chapter of the European Youth Parliament in Europe and often when I go back and analyze what was the best thing that I could have done in my life and I have to tell you that those were those university times when myself and my friends, we all stayed very active. We all were extremely active in youth politics and youth activities, just doing more than doing extracurricular work, leadership work because I think as young people there is so much you can learn in a classroom but there is so much you can learn outside of the classroom so I think it's so important to do that because the skills you can learn outside of the classroom will be extremely useful for you, whatever you do. If somebody asked me 10 years ago if Russians would invade Ukraine I would probably tell you that you're crazy, it's impossible but 8 years ago Russians invaded Ukraine they grabbed Crimea, they invaded eastern part of Ukraine the war has been going on for 8 years now but again in December when everybody was discussing what Russia is about to do is it part of this strategic ambiguity and they're just trying to impose more leverage on Ukraine I again did not believe that Russians would mount another assault on Ukraine at this scale, but they did. Since I arrived here in Australia at the end of March it's been very busy for me but let me tell you the most rewarding experience I've received was actually talking to university students I did my lectures I've spoken here at the ANU at three times at different conferences I spoke at the University of Western Australia I did a lecture at the University of Adelaide I engaged with the University of Sydney I'm doing a lecture at the University of West Sydney and every time I talk to students this is what gives me inspiration because I think students are the future of the country and so much will depend on you today Prime Minister Albanese has ordered the review of the defence poster of Australia and I really welcome that because it's so important to actually revise the security and defence strategy which Australia has because at the end of the day it's so important to be ready to be ready to die for your country when there is a need for that because Ukrainians were not ready to die but we did it turned out we were ready we were prepared we need to build this resilience throughout the society and resilience does not just come out of thin air you need to work on that you need to build it today I had a meeting with Professor Metcalf in the morning and we're discussing this issue and we shared a similar experience we've had with Finland I've been to Finland many times and I've spoken to different audiences there and as you know Finland has very strong territorial defence forces and very strong resilience within the society because as a country which was outside of NATO next door to Russia and actually having survived the winter wars against the Soviet Union in the 40s they understand the threat which is out there and I think Finland there's so much to learn from Finland and now there's so much to learn from Ukraine and we would be happy to share our experience with you with Australia, with Australian people of how to be prepared how to actually prevent malign foreign influence within the country how to build with hybrid warfare and actually how to be fighting on the ground because at the end of the day there is not a better place in the world where you can learn the modern warfare and actually what to do how to run the country at the times of war Australian government has been extremely generous for the support the previous leadership of Scott Morrison was out there they've supported Ukraine from day one by sending weapons sending bushmasters sending military kit and Prime Minister Albanese we've had bipartisan support here he decided to come to Ukraine being only five weeks in a job so I think it was extremely important for me as a wartime ambassador to see Australian Prime Minister to go into Ukraine for the first time in the history of our bilateral relations and this year we've just celebrated 30 years so being there with your Prime Minister for 12 hours in Ukraine being in Derpien, Bucza being in Hostomel then actually attending the meeting with President Zelensky for three hours was very special and I think it was a very special moment also for Prime Minister Albanese to see it with his own eyes to be able to see that level of destruction to hear witness accounts about civilians who were killed in Bucza 460 people in one village were killed and executed just because they were Ukrainian can you believe that? Russians are perpetrating massive war crimes crimes against humanity just last Friday we learned about atrocities which were committed by the Russian troops in Olenimka that's a prison where they put their soldiers from as of steel where they were defending the steel they tortured them live on camera then they put them in the building and blew them up this is unbelievable but look I want to finish this talk on a positive note I'm extremely thankful to Julia Bishop for giving this floor for creating this opportunity and very few of you know that I'm Matt Honorable Julia Bishop in Ukraine in 2014 when she came there to address the issue of MH17 she came to Ukraine Crisis Media Centre and I moderated her press conference so I was very happy when I came here as an ambassador the first meeting I had in Australia was actually to come to the ANU and meet Julia Bishop thank you very much for that thank you Ambassador in truth I always have the last word so I want to thank Anne McNaughton and our team at the College of European Studies Rory Metcalf and the team at the National Security College Vice Chancellor Brian Schmidt and his executive team and thank you all for being present here this evening and for those who participated online for being here for showing how much you care and for showing support for the people of Ukraine when they need it most travel safely be careful continue to be invested in this issue because it does matter what's going on halfway around the world does impact on our life, our values and Australia's perspectives so thank you very much for being part of this eventful moment in the history of ANU


The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security and Rural Development recently welcomed a team from the Caribbean Development Bank as part of the supervision mission for the Building Resilience for Adaptation to Climate Change Variability in Agriculture in St. Lucia Project. During the visit, the CDB delegation undertook side visits, engaged in meetings with key stakeholders, and conducted consultations, all of the purpose of gaining a comprehensive understanding of the project's progress. Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security and Rural Development Barry Morphelistier highlighted that these activities were designed to analyse the existing implementation challenges, and chart a path forward for the sustainable development of St. Lucia's agriculture sector. The project components include looking at areas of adaptation measures in rainwater conservation, irrigation measures, looking at slope civilisation. We are also looking at measures dealing with building agro parks for increased livelihoods, especially in rural communities. Areas include Regions 1 and 2, which is the Barbano Air Grossly Area. Regions 6 and 7 spanning from Souffle to the Roseau area. So climate building, criminal resilience in those areas, in those regions, and to increase food security, enhance productivity, food production, and livelihoods once again. During the courtesy visit by the delegation from the CDB to the Minister of Agriculture, the Honourable Minister Alfred Prosper engaged in discussions about the strategic cooperation necessary for the successful implementation of the proposed Climate Adaptation Project. Since 2018, there was a proposal for a climate adaptation project in the tune of 9.6 million US dollars, equivalent to anywhere around 25-26 million EC dollars for the agricultural sector. It includes a number of capacity building initiatives, training for the farmers, climates, matter agriculture, and a number of other support areas to really, really boost the agricultural sector. And based on my discussion with the colleagues from the CDB, they were very happy with where St. Lucia is at this time. I would like to have seen a lot more happen because this project has been delayed and I really hope that we can really move quickly to implement all our programmes, our activities on that project, which will be beneficial to all the farmers and stakeholders in the sector. The Joint Supervision Mission of the Caribbean Development Bank and the Ministry of Agriculture demonstrates their commitment to enhancing the agricultural landscape through collaboration and a shared vision of overcoming challenges and driving long-term success. From the Communications Unit of the Ministry of Agriculture, I am Anicia Antoine reporting.