So, let us continue our discussion from last time on Eigenvalue problems for second order differential equations or regular storm level problems as they are often called. What we have done last time is that we took a problem in linear algebra the problem of proving the spectral theorem or the finding the Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of a real symmetric matrix and we gave it a variational formulation. We gave it a variational twist and the reason for doing so is we want to apply the same ideas to study of Eigenvalue problems for differential equations. We also pointed out that the principal difficulty lies in the fact that the unit sphere in an infinite dimensional space is not going to be compact and the lack of compactness is the main issue. So, what was the variational problem that we are talking about? We are looking at minimizing the energy integral 0 to 1 y prime t square dt subject to the normalization condition 6.5 namely y of t must be a unit vector in the L2 space L2 of 0 1 with respect to the weight rho t dt or with respect to the measure rho t dt. And we saw that there are the principal difficulty lies in proving that the minimizer exists and that the minimizer is twice continuously differentiable. I also mentioned that these are very deep waters that this is so is called the Dirichlet principle and how did it all arise? It arose when Riemann proved the mapping theorem that bears his name the very famous Riemann mapping theorem using ideas from potential theory. And motivated by potential theoretic considerations he translated the problem of the Riemann mapping theorem into a problem on minimizing an objective functional subject to certain constraints. What are the Riemann mapping theorem state? The Riemann mapping theorem states that a proper simply connected open subset of C can be mapped onto the disk by a bijective holomorphic function. Remember that when you have a holomorphic function f from omega 1 to omega 2 if it is bijective the inverse function is automatically holomorphic. Such a thing is called a biholomorphic map or a biholomorphism. So, the Riemann mapping theorem says that a proper simply connected domain in complex plane is biholomorphic to the open unit disk. It is important that the domain be proper simply connected. For example, the complex plane itself is simply connected but the complex plane cannot be mapped biholomorphically onto the disk because of Lieuwehl's theorem. So, what happens is that Riemann set up the objective functional namely minimizing the energy mod grad phi squared dx dy where phi varies over all once continuously differentiable functions phi with prescribed boundary conditions along omega. The solution of the variational problem is the Dirichlet problem for the Laplace Cn in omega. So, the Laplace's equation which we see arising in electrostatics and other places also arises in complex analysis from the problem of proving the mapping theorem. The existence of the minimizer and choice differentiability of the minimizer is the main stumbling block and here are some exercises. Verify 6.6 formally. What is 6.6? We come back to the one-dimensional vibrating string example with minimizing integral 0 to 1 y prime t square dt subject to the L 2 norm of y is 1. If the assume that the minimizer exists and assume that the minimizer is twice continuously differentiable then prove that 6.6 holds. How do you go about doing that? Suppose y naught is the minimizer. Suppose y naught is the minimizer then you exactly imitate what we did in the linear algebra situation. Look at y naught plus epsilon phi where phi is a smooth function with compact support, smooth function which vanishes at 0 and 1 and you look at the objective functional 6.4 instead of y you take y naught plus epsilon phi and you divide by the norm. So, as to make it a unit vector and you simply imitate the idea of linear algebra that we just did in the last capsule and prove that if the minimizer exists and the minimizer is twice continuously differentiable then it satisfies the differential equation. So, a formal verification can be done. Try to give a intuitive that is non-rigorous geometrical argument that the eigen function corresponding to the smallest eigen value has no zeros in the interval 0. What is the problem? y of t is the eigen function corresponding to the smallest eigen value that is y double prime plus lambda rho y equal to 0, lambda is the smallest eigen value and the boundary conditions y of 0 equal to 0 and y of 1 is also equal to 0. This is called the fundamental mode in physics of vibrations. This particular function y of t has no zeros in the interval 0, 1. Let me give you some hints. The function that you have vanishes at 0 and 1 correct. So, it is y of 0 is 0, y of 1 is also 0. Suppose it has a 0 in the middle. Suppose it has 0 say at say 1 third for example. Then what does the graph do? Think graphically the function starts at the origin and say it goes up and then it passes through the 0 comes down below the x axis and then joins back to the x axis because y of 1 is 0. Now, what you do is that this lobe of the graph below the x axis just flip it above, just flip it above, reflect the lobe which is below the x axis to a lobe above the x axis. You get arches from 0 to the first place where the function vanishes and from there on to the next one. So, it is a arches. If you do this then remember 6.4 is not going to change because when you differentiate when you flip it over the derivative is not going to change and the norm is also going to not change because only the sign of y changes. Of course by flipping it over the new function is not differentiable, but it fails to be differentiable only at one point. So, that is perfectly okay. It is after an integral that you are looking at and now I got 2 hills from 0 to the point where it vanishes and from there on to the point 1. Now, simply flatten this hill, take join the peak of the first hill and the peak of the second hill by line segment. Now, that line segment has smaller slope than the thing that it covers. The part where the graph comes down from the peak to the 0 and from 0 to the essence to the next peak that slope is much higher than the line segment that it joins. In other words, this expression integral 0 to 1 y prime t squared has gone down in value. On the other hand, that particular area under the curve has become larger. So, the denominator has become larger and the numerator has become smaller and so you are going to get a value which is less than the infimum, but that cannot happen because the first eigenvalue is the infimum of the energy. So, I have given you some ideas for you to carry out the program to give an intuitive that is non rigorous geometrical argument that the eigenfunction corresponding to the smallest eigenvalue has no zeros, but I am going to use the Dirichlet principle. I am going to assume the Dirichlet principle. Then the next thing is to imitate the linear algebra exercise. Remember we got, we took the matrix A and we minimized the quadratic form over the unit sphere and we got our V1 and we looked at the orthocomplement of V1. Orthocomplement of V1 means those vectors which are perpendicular to V1 and now we are going to do the analog of that in the differential equation setup. What is the meaning of perpendicularity in this context? yt and y0 must be orthogonal, but orthogonal with respect to the measure rho t dt that is 6.8. So, this is exactly the same arguments that we did in the linear algebra situation will carry forward and again a formal verification can be done then the next eigenvalue will be attained in the next step and one can keep going just as we proved the spectral theorem. Here we can keep going, we can get more and more eigenfunctions and by constructions they will be mutually orthogonal. Will they be complete? That is a non-trivial question, but these things assume that we take the Dirichlet principle for granted. We are going to give a proof of the spectral theorem for compact self-adjoint operators in the next chapter in a manner that is similar in spirit. Zeroes of non-trivial solutions are isolated. As a preparation for the next round of results we insert here a very simple result in differential equations. Let rho x be a continuous function on an open interval i. Suppose yx is a non-trivial solution, non-trivial means the solution is not identically 0 and the non-trivial solution is second order ODE y double prime plus rho x y equal to 0 then the zeros of y cannot have a limit point in L. We have seen that in the context of Bessel's functions, but there we could resort to the fact that the Bessel's functions Jpx is simply x to the power p times a holomorphic function and we can use the result from complex analysis that the zeros of a holomorphic function are isolated. But here we are not talking about holomorphic functions, yx is a non-trivial solution of a second order ODE. So, let us prove the theorem. It is very easy p1, p2, p3, da, da is a sequence of zeros converging to p, we are going to derive it a contradiction. Then by continuity y of p must be 0. Without loss of generality we may assume that the sequence is monotone. In real analysis every sequence has a monotone subsequence passing to a subsequence if necessary we may assume at the very outset that this sequence p1, p2, p3 monotone increases to p or monotone decreases to p whichever one. Then between p i and p i plus 1 the derivative must vanish because y vanishes at p i and y vanishes at p i plus 1. So, the derivative must vanish somewhere say in q i between p i and p i plus 1. So, the p i is converged to p, the q i is also must converge to p. So, q i must converge to p as i goes to infinity. So, by continuity the derivative we see that y prime of p must also be 0. So, y of x satisfies the initial value problem y double prime plus rho x y equal to 0, y of p is 0, y prime of p is 0. But remember that the solution to the initial value problem is unique, but we already have a solution to this problem namely the 0 solution. So, in looking the uniqueness clause in the fundamental existence uniqueness theorem from ODEs we conclude that y of x is identically 0 and that is a contradiction. So, now thanks to this result it makes sense to talk about the successive zeros of a solution of this differential equation which is not identically 0. So, now let us state and prove the important terms comparison theorem. So, in the theory of second order differential equation the terms comparison theorem and separation theorem are very important oscillation and comparison theorems. So, we shall use this terms comparison theorem to demonstrate the existence of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the Dirichlet problem theorem 69. Suppose rho and sigma are both continuous positive functions on the interval 0, 1 and rho x is bigger than sigma x throughout the interval 0, 1 and now I am looking at solutions y of x and z of x of these two differential equations y double prime plus rho x y equal to 0, z double prime plus sigma x z equal to 0 between two successive zeros of z x there is at least 1 0 of y of x. So, remember what is the condition rho and sigma are both continuous and rho x is bigger than sigma x. So, you should think of this rho of x as a frequency suppose if rho and sigma are both constants. So, you can think of it as y double prime plus capital M squared y equal to 0 z double prime plus little m squared z equal to 0 capital M is bigger than little m. So, y double prime plus capital M squared y equal to 0 the frequency of oscillation is more z double prime plus little m squared the frequency of oscillation is less. So, for example, you can think of sine 3 x and sine 16 x between two successive zeros of sine 3 x there is at least 1 0 of sine 16 x the sine 16 x oscillates more frequently that is all that there is to it. The proof is very easy suppose a and b are successive zeros of z x in the interval 0 1 we may assume that z x is bigger than 0 throughout a b and let us assume that y of x does not vanish in the open interval a b because y of x does not vanish in the open interval a b it is strictly positive there. Now, we imitate the proof of orthogonality of eigen functions, but only difference is that we work in the interval a b instead of working on the interval 0 1 no prices for guessing multiply the first equation by z second equation by y integrate by parts and subtracts that is exactly what I am going to get. So, what you need to do is that you go when you integrate by parts you are going to get four terms out of these four terms two terms are going to vanish of course there is an integral involving z prime y prime which will cancel out and we will get a term with a rho x minus sigma x that you see in the slide. Now, look at the boundary terms two terms are going to be 0 and two terms will survive the z was 0 at a and the z was 0 at b and the z is positive in between the z is positive in between. So, z prime a is positive z prime b is negative and so you will get the an equation which is 0 on the right hand side on the left hand side you will have sum of three positive terms and that is evidently a contradiction and that is all that there is to it and the proof of the Sturm's comparison theorem is over. Now, we can give a very different proof of the Sturm's comparison theorem there is a beautiful discussion on page 2 19 222 in Lord Rayleigh's theory of sound volume 1 a very charming the description is available. So, that completes the proof of the Sturm's comparison theorem. Now, let us come to the important result namely we come back to the Sturm level problem y double prime plus lambda rho x y equal to 0 and I am going to work with Dirichlet boundary conditions at 0 and 1 namely y of 0 is 0 and y of 1 is 1. Now, let us do the following let us look at a solution y of x, lambda let us look at the solution of this differential equation y of x, lambda where y of 0 is 0 and y prime of 0 is 1. So, I am looking at the initial value problem, but now there is a parameter lambda appearing in the differential equation. So, that is why I am calling the solution as a function of 2 variables x and lambda, but the initial conditions are fixed y of 0 is 0 and y prime of 0 is 1. Now, this solution will depend continuously on initial conditions and parameters the initial conditions are frozen. So, it will be continuous with respect to this parameter lambda. It will also be differentiable with respect to lambda. These are general theorems in ordinary differential equations. The Picard's theorem existence uniqueness theorem says that the solution that is guaranteed to exist and it is unique actually has these additional features namely if there are parameters present in the differential equation the solutions will be nice it will be continuous differentiable analytic etcetera with respect to these parameters. So, now what happens is that we are interested in not in y x lambda for a general lambda we are interested in locating those lambdas for which the solution satisfies the boundary condition. Our final destination is not the solution of the initial value problem our final goal is to solve the boundary value problem. So, prescribing these initial conditions y of 0 equal to 0 y prime 0 equal to 1 and calling the solution y x lambda is only an intermediate step to reach our final destination to go where we want to go. So, we must select this lambda in such a way that the boundary condition is satisfied. So, we want to look at the roots of the equation y x lambda equal to 0 when x equal to in other words we want to put x equal to 1 and look at y 1 comma lambda and must equate it to 0 and must locate the roots of that and those roots lambda will be the Eigen values of the Sturm level problem. We are going to use the Sturm's comparison theorem to do this exercise, but you can think of it in a very different perspective look at the differential equation how does lambda appear in this differential equation the dependence on lambda is an analytic dependence. So, I can even allow the lambda to be complex and the solution y of x comma lambda will become a complex valued function of a complex variable lambda. So, for each x if I think of it as a function of lambda as a function of lambda it will be holomorphic. So, when I put x equal to 1 I am looking at y of 1 comma lambda and that is a holomorphic function of lambda I am looking at the zeros of a holomorphic function and I want to show that this holomorphic function has infinitely many zeros that is another way of approaching the problem. If you look at for example theory of differential equations by Coddington Levinson they do take this approach using complex analysis for those who are interested you may want to consult that. So, in the next capsule we are going to use the Sturm's comparison theorem that we have proved to establish and locate these roots lambda such that y of 1 comma lambda is 0. I think this will be a very good place to stop this capsule and we will continue this in the next capsule.


How early can a resident's visa be renewed in the UAE? Remember, when we are talking about the resident's visa, it's one that gives you the legality or it gives you the permission to stay in the UAE. Remember, if your resident's visa expires, also your resident's permit will expire at the same time because both of them are concurrently. And being that there is now an interaction of where you have an application, your resident's visa sticker and all your information will be on a resident's permit. Then it becomes a little bit very easier and becomes a little bit easier in one way or the other. But the question is that how early can a resident's visa be renewed? Remember, a resident's visa can only be renewed when it can be renewed 30 days to its expiry. That is by the UAE, General Director of Passports. It can only be renewed 30 days prior to its expiry. Let's say for example, your visa or let's say your resident's permit is expiring on the 30th of April. That means you can only put in your application on the 30th of March more 30 days to its expiry. That's what they try to mean. However, to some situation what we call to some instances, maybe some situation that may not have to wait whereby, let's say for example, you're going to be out of the country. You have unofficial duty outside the country and you're not going to be in the country for some time when your visa will expire or your resident's visa will be expiring. So what do you need to do? In that kind of situation, like the person who asks for this question, in that kind of situation if you're in the UAE then you can seek for what you call, you can seek for what you call permission, what you call official permission from the Director of Passports and Director of Passports Affairs. You can either write to them or go to the reservation offices in person. Then they can renew your resident's visa or renew what you call your resident's permit.  But all in all what you need to know that it can only be official, it can only be renewed 30 days prior to its expiry date. That is for the official requirement for you to renew your resident's visa. But in some situation whereby things are caught up, let's say for example, you have other obligations somewhere and by that time you get to finish up your obligations, your resident's visa or your resident's permit will be expired and you need to renew it before you move. Then probably for that kind of situation you definitely have to seek for what you call permission for you to renew that resident's visa in time before you can have any movement away from that country. So I think I've tried to share it out for people who are living in the UAE. Such kind of information, you may under look such kind of information but it's really good information that can make you move and can make you go. Because remember I keep on telling you that when we are given visas to come to this country it's like they give us a privilege. Someone giving a visa to live in his own in another country, foreign country you have that visa, it's what you call a privilege. But much as you have that privilege to have because not all people around have the privilege to have those visas or to have that opportunity then there's your responsibility what is your responsibility as a person who is being given that privilege. Your responsibility should be to know what are the requirements and to know what to do or what to go how to go about with these things. Good enough that we have Google at the same time you can still get and research most of these offices the good thing with the offices in the Gulf countries is that you can't fail to get the right information the even sources, even websites where you can get those government information at the same time which is quite very helpful which at the same time it's going to give you exactly what you need to know. Thank you so much for coming by this channel by the way if you have so far time to subscribe please so far time to come across this channel please consider subscribing, support this channel by the way don't forget to hit that notification bell because it should be the only way that you'll be updated wherever we upload a new video. Thank you so much, see you again it's Max from the Max Creation TV


Hello to all of you, we are currently experiencing hard times as far as our health is concerned. All branches of our daily life are affected among them education. There are many people in the world who want to be taught or who want to study phenomena associated with language and linguistics. Some of you have already subscribed to this channel to back up their own studies. Others have been using our videos for their own teaching and a third group might simply be interested in the subject. The virtual linguistics compass with its wealth of linguistics courses all free and up for grabs is once more at your service. From now on I will go through the VLC exercise material and supply you with our model solutions to linguistic problems which are normally taken up in class which is as you know currently impossible. So I will discuss all model solutions via video starting with our permanent MOOC linguistic fundamentals and ending in special courses such as psycholinguistics. See you there.


Why should I go to church? It's an important question to ask. I was actually asked this question by a young man on Instagram who was a new Christian and I wanted to give him a good answer. So I packed up my stuff and headed out the door to find the answer. You may be wondering why I didn't just look up the answer online, but stick with me. I think this is gonna be fun and more beneficial. You know, why is it important that we go to church? And it's an important question that we all should ask ourselves because if we don't, then you know what? We'll just kind of like, well, I'm not feeling it this Sunday.  So it's important to have reasons behind our actions. And so today I want to kind of dig into why do we go to church? Why is it important that we get plugged into a local body of believers? I wanted to get some help from my friend and associate pastor of my church, Chris Wetztein. First, I wanted for us to set the foundation for what the church really is. The church really isn't, in one sense, something totally weird and different. It's something that is really the fulfillment of God's plan from the beginning. God designed humanity, the whole human race to live in community with one another. We didn't get made to be just individuals roaming this planet all separately. So right from the beginning, God made one man, one woman, made them so that they could be fruitful and multiply, fill the earth. And so human community has always been part of God's plan. And really what the church is, it's the redeemed humanity that God had originally intended from the beginning to make. So when the Bible talks about the church, there's two ways, at least, that we can think about the church. Jesus says, I will build my church. So the Bible talks in that way about the church as a worldwide community. And when Jesus says, I will build my church, he doesn't mean just this one local church on this one street corner somewhere, but he's talking about the church that will endure throughout all history. The gates of Hades will not prevail against it. Yeah, on one hand, there's a worldwide community that Jesus has been building, and that means everyone who believes in Jesus, everyone who follows Jesus as Lord, is part of the church. And the second way the Bible talks about the word church or uses the word church is to say that there are local gatherings of people, local churches where Christians meet together on a regular basis and seek to follow Jesus together. This is not an isolated thing. Like one person isn't the church. It's multiple people. So can you speak to a little bit, okay, seeing that, keeping that in perspective, why should me as a person that just came to faith in Christ, why is it important that I personally get plugged into a local church? Yeah, well you can see it's part of God's plan, it's part of God's design. It's really God's will for you if you follow Jesus that you'd follow him together with other Christians. In a sense, it's going to church as part of following Jesus really. Now it's not that you just have to look at one verse or two verses where they say go to church, but you can see in Hebrews chapter 10 we shouldn't neglect meeting together and that's spoken to believers, but we should seek to encourage one another. There are all these one another commandments throughout the New Testament, where the instructions of the New Testament are given to local churches, to the church in Corinth, to the church in Ephesus or wherever. And so really, if you're going to follow the Bible, if you're going to follow Jesus, you should see that you have to be part of a local church. That's just part and parcel of it. So why should you do it while it's part of following Jesus? While I was chatting with Chris, I wanted to get his take on how the church can help believers find and use their giftings.  Now, when you talk about going to church, I mean, I'd like to clarify, for some people going to church is just going Sunday morning, they just show up and maybe they're just listening in, maybe singing along a little bit. And then they go home at the end. And at the most, maybe they shook somebody's hand or said hello. And that was it. And now you're not really going to get to know much about yourself or really grow in a sense of meaningful community, if that's all that you've done. But I think most churches, a good healthy church at least would say, you know, get plugged in deeper, go to a small group where you can actually meet with people and talk together and actually pray with each other, or at least hear prayer requests with each other that are more on the personal level. If all you're doing is going to the big group on Sunday morning, you're only going to know people or know about the church and be a part of the community from kind of a distant, in a distant way. But if you start to plug into a small group, you're going to feel yourself stretched, you're going to feel a sense of need to share a little bit more about yourself. And you're going to learn certain characteristics of being vulnerable. You might not want to do that. And that's fine. A good healthy community won't pressure you into that. But you'll be in a situation where that is at least possible. And so you'll start to learn about yourself and you'll start to learn, oh, you know, maybe I'm someone who actually can have a lot of empathy. If I'm going to be stretched and opening up, and I see other people who are struggling to open up or struggling with different issues, maybe you'll learn that, oh, I have a certain quality of having empathy. And that's really important in a local church body. It might be as simple as just through your experience of going and being part of a small group, you'll start to learn characteristics about yourself, or you might realize, oh, I have a real passion for something because somebody else is speaking so passionately about something, or they're often talking about a certain issue, you might realize in yourself, I really want to be part of that. I really want to give my time and energy to this work of whatever it is, maybe it's something overseas, maybe it's something near at home, maybe it's helping in a homeless service, active service in some ways, you'll start to realize through other people, a local church can be kind of like a community where you start to see other possibilities of the kind of person you could be. When we talk about the question of why we should go to church, it's important to keep in mind the centrality of the gospel, the gospel being the main reason that we even go to church. And as I talked with Chris, he brought this into a full perspective. One thing that we all need, whether you're not a Christian yet, or if you are a Christian already, and if maybe you've been a Christian for a long time, what we all need is to hear God speaking to us again and again for as long as we live. And God speaks in a special way through the local church when we're gathered. Now, I don't mean that in some strange kind of way, but I mean in the sense that God speaks through Scripture and he has designed Scripture. Scripture is made in such a way that it's meant to be spoken and preached and taught. And so God's word in a special way is present when the local church is gathered. So why should I go to church? One big thing is to be a receiver. You know, I've talked in other places like just a moment ago about the importance of finding your gifts and finding your ways that you can serve, but actually that only comes out of a relationship with God and we need to continually be receiving. So when I go to church, one big thing, even as a pastor, when I go to church, I want to be a receiver and I do want to let the Word of Christ dwell in me richly. That's one of the instructions in Colossians 3. Let the Word of Christ dwell in you richly and it's spoken to believers because he says you should be singing with one another, speaking to one another in songs and hymns and spiritual songs. And so I think one reason to go to church is simply to receive God's Word and to let that dwell in us richly. As I drove home that day, I was thankful to be a part of a local church growing in my faith alongside people like Pastor Chris. The insight, encouragement and community that comes with being a part of a local church is a wonderful part of God's design. Disciples following Jesus as they walk together. Don't miss out. Get plugged into a local church today. Hey guys, hope you enjoyed this video. I know it was a little bit different than usual, but I hope it's a good, it's a good switch up. So yeah, big thanks to Pastor Chris for doing this video with me and I hope to have him on the show again. If you like the video, give it a like and subscribe for videos like this in the future. Thanks guys. See you later.


Hello and welcome to my channel. If you've landed here because you were searching for some information on anti-aging or mature skin care or just lifestyle Logging you've landed on the right channel. My name is Monica McGillicuddy And I am a New Hampshire real estate agent who loves to share life as it unfolds. I'm an avid vlogger I am an avid skin care junkie. My husband and I love to RV I talk a little bit about a real estate on this channel, but not a lot I share a lot of my lifestyle with everyone. So yes, I am on a quest. It's called anti-aging or aging gracefully and in that sense, I Know that that all begins inside So I'm all about trying to stay as healthy as I possibly can as I enter into this phase of my life They call it the golden age I think or something like that But anyways, I welcome you to join me on the journey and if you're here for real estate tips I have a second channel.  I have that channel too. I'll link that below But if you hear for anything else lifestyle in New Hampshire and New England camping RVing skin care retina Eyelash serums and trying to stay as young and vibrant as you can be When you're in your 50s 60 70s 80s plus you've landed on the right channel and talk a lot about mature skin care But I'm also all about staying as young as we possibly can I hear the music every day and I love dancing to it. Bye guys. Thank you so much


Joan Rollins was born in Yates, Cloud Hestershire, on the 31st of July 1965. Her father was an aeronautic engineer who worked at Rose Royce and got married at a young age to Joan's mother a year after their acquaintance on a train. While she was still a tender child, Joan frequently wrote fictitious stories which she usually read to her younger sister. She was always comfortable reading books and creating fantasy stories. She attended St. Michael's Primary School after which she was admitted into secondary school at Whedon School and College. Her life as a teenager was a turbulent one. After her mother was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, leaving her as a normal child wasn't pleasant for her anymore plus she didn't have an intimate relationship with her father. In the year 1982, Joan wanted to attend college at Oxford University but she wasn't accepted after sitting for the entrance examination. Immediately after her rejection, she went to the University of Exeter to earn a BA degree in French and Classics. Joan worked as a researcher and secretary after she relocated with her boyfriend at that time to Manchester. Joan had not forgotten her passion for writing. On her way to Manchester, she was hit by a fascinating story idea of a naive young boy attending the School of Wizardry and started writing immediately. Some weeks into creating her story, Joan received a tragic message informing her about her mother's death after a decade of suffering from multiple sclerosis. The incident made her a distraught young lady who was broken and devastated. It took a long while before she could recover from the loss. Later on, Joan moved to Porto, Portugal to work as an English teacher. After a year and eight months working in Porto, she met George Arantes, who was a Portuguese television journalist. They got married and had a child together before which Joan had suffered a miscarriage. Her marriage couldn't work. Her husband domestically abused her and the couple soon went their separate ways. After her divorce, she had to cater to her daughter as a single parent independently. Times came when she was depressed and even attempted suicide in exasperation. After attending a series of therapy sessions to remedy her depression, she was able to encourage herself and work towards fixing her life. While she experienced these difficulties, Joan was writing her story. As soon as she completed the story, she believed it was a really fascinating tale, thus sent it to several publishers who repeatedly rejected her literary work. Fortunately for Joan, she later had someone interested in her story. She sealed a small deal with a young publishing company to print about 500 copies of Harry Porter, her beautiful story idea. By 1999, at least 300,000 copies of her story were sold within the United Kingdom. Her book, Harry Porter, and an order of her story, Philosopher's Stone, end her multiple awards including the Nestle Smarties book prize. Warner Bros., a film producing company, bought the film rights to Joan's Harry Porter's book and reproduced it into a movie content which generated nearly a billion dollars. Joan emerged a successful and well-deliterate writer who is now one of the most influential women in the world and a revered story writer. Sarah Bain-Bretnach said, Others remember that striving and struggles precede success even in the dictionary. If it were easy to achieve success, everyone would have what they want. The reason why only a few people ever achieve success is that most people can't simply fight for it. Most people give up too early. Most people make excuses. Most people drop out of the school of struggles so early. As you wake up this morning, promise yourself never to look back no matter how difficult your path is. Despite her failures and rejections, Joan Rawlings still believed in her literary work and strove to make it known to the world. Don't relent. Keep striving.


In this video, I'm going to talk about solving linear equations using distributive property. Again, linear equations are just lying type of equations. They have only one variable, usually only one variable, using distributive property. Distributive property is something that we learned in a previous video. So when solving any type of equation, the idea is to get the variable by itself. So in this case, I have two equations, but notice that both equations are the same. Actually, I'm going to show you two different ways to do this. One is using the distributive property and one is not using the distributive property. Okay, so again, the idea is to get the variable by itself. In this case, I want to get p, I want to get this variable by itself. So I've got to get rid of everything here on this left side. I've got to get rid of this negative 3, I've got to get rid of this 2, and I've got to get rid of this 3. So all that, I've got to get rid of. So the first way of solving this I'm going to show you is with distributive property.  And then this 42 equals 42, that just kind of drops down. When we distribute the 3, it's only inside the parentheses. We don't distribute it to the 42. Okay, now our numbers have changed a little bit with the idea, the concept of what we're trying to do is still the same. I still want to get rid of this negative 9. I still want to get rid of this 6 to get the variable by itself. All right, so now in this case, what I want to do is, now when you solve equations, one way I have seen somebody explain this is you want to do the kind of the opposite of your order of operations. When you look here, I see a plus 6 and I see a times by negative 9. Times by negative 9. So you kind of want to do the opposite of that. You want to do your adding and subtracting first and then you will do your multiplying and dividing. So basically that tells me I want to get rid of this 6 first and then I want to get rid of the negative 9. So to get rid of this 6, it's a positive 6. So to get rid of it, I want to subtract 6 from both sides. Now remember, whenever you do anything in an equation, add or subtract, multiply, divide, you've got to do it to both sides. So in this case, we're subtracting 6 from both sides. 6 minus 6 is 0. And in this negative 9, P is not affected. And then 42 minus 6 is 36. And again, still try to get the variable by itself. The only thing I have left is that negative 9. The negative 9 is multiplying times the variable. So what I want to do is I want to do the opposite. I want to divide by negative 9. The opposite of multiply is divide. So the negative 9's are going to cancel. All I'm left with is P. And 36 divided by negative 9 is going to be a negative 4. So in this case, the variable is equal to 4. Now you can check this if you would like to. This is what's great about solving equations is you can always take your answer that you get and plug it back into your original equation. So take this number. And if you plug it back in, you should get 42. You can actually do that rather quickly. Negative 3 times negative 4 is a positive 12. Positive 12 plus 2 is 14. 14 times 3. Yeah, 14 times 3 is 42. So now it doesn't work. All right, now I showed you solving that equation using the distributive property. Now I'm going to show you again without using distributive property. This is just a different way of solving the equation. OK, so looking at this left, or excuse me, looking at the right side, I have to get rid of, I want to get this variable by itself. So I've got to get rid of negative 3. I've got to get rid of this 2. And I've got to get rid of this 3 on the outside. But instead of taking that 3 and distributing it to the entire parentheses, what I'm going to do is I'm actually going to get rid of this 3 first. This 3 technically is multiplying times the variable. This 3 out here is multiplying times the variable. So to get rid of it, I want to divide by 3. 3 here is multiplying times the variable. So to get rid of it, I want to divide by 3, which means I've got to divide by 3 on this right side also. 3's are going to cancel. This 3 is not going to affect what's inside the parentheses. It cancels right here. But again, it's the idea. We want things to go away. We want the cancel, or 0, whatever it is. OK, so that cancels. I'm left with 2 minus 3p equals 3 goes to 4 once. 3 goes to 12 four times, or 14. I don't need parentheses anymore over here because I don't have any numbers out front. So parentheses are worthless. All right, so kind of the same deal here. I want to get rid of the 2 first, and then I'll get rid of the negative 3. So I want to subtract 2. Subtract 2 from both sides. Negative 3p is equal to 12. And then I want to divide by negative 3. And so p is equal to negative 4. So notice the answer is that we got both variables. Either way of solving it, you're going to get negative 4. That happens in mathematics a lot. There's going to be multiple ways of coming to an answer. You just got to figure out what you like best. So do you like using distributive property? Or do you want to get rid of the numbers first and then start solving? Both variations will work. It just kind of depends on what you like to do better and what you're more comfortable with. OK, and then I will do more examples in another video. But that is solving linear equations using the distributive property.


No, no, no, we got a test right here. Notice the high six bucks. So technically you started to see some buying interest here Even at 10 11 in the morning Now it really broke over here the first time so the first true break of it It was a quote-unquote false breakout wasn't it? So this is exactly where I tell you my Most confident strap my most confident entry on a trade is a re break Because a re break shows prior buying interest or prior selling interest otherwise for a short So here we had interest on the test we had an interest on the first break and then on the re break Pop and run held support made the better move up at that point Right now 650 was your bigger resistance. What happened there? Well, the same to be said it actually made a little move off 650 But this is where we have to ask for as much as a stock already Popped and ran up from the morning, you know 935 945 here bottomed out At 1030 it was kind of flat and then broke higher So it was still running when it could have already been reversing So for as much as it was already running up off of 650 granted It could keep going, but you ask yourself What happens if it doesn't? What happens if this fails to make the bigger move up to the next resistance? What happens if it comes back down under the level again? easy to say but It held under resistance.  I don't know if an iceberg order was here at the time I can go into book map if I'd like but you know, just you could see this is a pretty strong top right at 620 ish Hey, even if there was not an iceberg here. This certainly showed how clean of a resistance it was You'd like to think that resistance should eventually become Support So ended up making a beautiful move, but then again just hey it failed here at first So I know it's pretty nasty here initially One may think it's gonna continue to be nasty again But the way that we have to think about it as traders is not what happens if it makes another false breakout I mean that's pessimistic personality, you know If you're that afraid then you're not going to be able to become consistently profitable At least to the level that you want to become consistently profitable if you end up walking away with like 20 bucks here 30 That's all right But you you and I both know that you're here for a different reason you're here to make your days pay to You know change your life supplement your income perhaps help out family All right, the little profits aren't gonna do it. You want to feel confident with your entry is where I'm saying so Hey, you know what? Don't focus on the false breakouts and how scary this was Focus on the potential buying interest that this had for every time it nipped above 650 For every time it tested that big iceberg, you know, we saw perspective buying So over time what happens if we see more and it ended up leading to a pretty good move, right? So that may have answered a bunch of questions that I didn't read yet through email Just that whole analysis there But that is basically the embodiment of any trade that we look to take You know, it's not going to be perfect right away and the fact that it makes a false breakout Well, hey, unless if it's a total dump off after you know If the stock can move back up to that level over time and provide another opportunity You want to take that trade? It's as simple as that but again just to kind of Summarize for Ryan at least there Let's put a much bigger focus on where the iceberg levels are first the CVP column on book map there if you got Chart levels are kind of like tertiary to me. You know, we follow the big money, right? Hey, that's our whole MO here So if you are looking to follow the big money, then you probably should put a focus on level three level four first But then again, if there is a really really strong chart level and we see it It's as bright as day then you do want to you know show that respect again here like hey Basic charting principle resistance did become support. Was that because of an iceberg though? I think it was there was an iceberg at 622 here at some point throughout the morning For about like 70 75,000 shares. They ended up moving their order down to 619 619 and it broke over that Come a cyber group member today Just click the link below and receive all these amazing products and a world of knowledge for just $9 Do it today


Chapter 1 of Book 15 of Les Miserables Volume 4 by Victor Hugo. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Peter Eastman. Les Miserables Volume 4 by Victor Hugo. Translated by Isabelle Florence Hapgood. Book 15. Therude de l'Homarmé. Chapter 1. A drinker is a babbler. What are the convulsions of a city in comparison with the insurrections of the soul? Mayan is a depth still greater than the people. Jean Valjean, at that very moment, was the prey of a terrible upheaval. Every sort of gulf had opened again within him. He also was trembling, like Paris, on the brink of an obscure and formidable revolution. A few hours had sufficed to bring this about. His destiny and his conscience had suddenly been covered with gloom. Of him also, as well as of Paris, it might have been said, two principles are face-to-face. The white angel and the black angel are about to seize each other on the bridge of the abyss. Which of the two will hurl the other over? Who will carry the day? On the evening preceding the same fifth of June, Jean Valjean, accompanied by Cousette and Toussaint, had installed himself in the rue de l'Homarmé. A change awaited him there. Cousette had not quitted the rue plumeil without making an effort at resistance. For the first time since they had lived side by side, Cousette's will and the will of Jean Valjean had proved to be distinct, and had been in opposition, at least, if they had not clashed. There had been objections on one side and in flexibility on the other. The abrupt advice, leave your house, hurled at Jean Valjean by a stranger, had alarmed him to the extent of rendering him peremptory. He thought that he had been traced and followed. Cousette had been obliged to give way. Both had arrived in the rue de l'Homarmé without opening their lips and without uttering a word, each being absorbed in his own personal preoccupation. Jean Valjean so uneasy that he did not notice Cousette's sadness. Cousette so sad that she did not notice Jean Valjean's uneasiness. Jean Valjean had taken Toussaint with him, a thing which he had never done in his previous absences. He perceived the possibility of not returning to the rue de l'Homarmé, and he could neither leave Toussaint behind nor confide his secret to her. Besides, he felt that she was devoted and trustworthy. Treachery between master and servant begins in curiosity. Now, Toussaint, as though she had been destined to be Jean Valjean's servant, was not curious. She stammered in her peasant dialect of Barnaville. I am made so. I do my work. The rest is no affair of mine. In this departure from the rue de l'Homarmé which had been almost a flight, Jean Valjean had carried away nothing but the little embalmed felice, baptized by Cousette, the inseparable. Full trunks would have required porters, and porters are witnesses. A fiacre had been summoned to the door on the rue de Babylon, and they had taken their departure. It was with difficulty that Toussaint had obtained permission to pack up a little linen in clothes and a few toilet articles. Cousette had taken only her portfolio and her blotting-book. Jean Valjean, with a view to augmenting the solitude and the mystery of this departure, had arranged to quit the pavilion of the rue de l'Homarmé only at dusk, which had allowed Cousette time to write her note to Marius. They had arrived in the rue de l'Homarmé after night had fully fallen. They had gone to bed, in silence. The lodgings in the rue de l'Homarmé were situated on a backcourt on the second floor and were composed of two sleeping-rooms, a dining-room and a kitchen adjoining the dining-room, with a garret where there was a folding bed, and which fell to Toussaint's chair. The dining-room was an added chamber as well and separated the two bedrooms. The apartment was provided with all necessary utensils. All reacquire confidence as foolishly as they lose it. Human nature is so constituted. Hardly had Jean Valjean reached the rue de l'Homarmé when his anxiety was lightened and by degrees dissipated. There are soothing spots which act in some sort mechanically on the mind. An obscure street, peaceable inhabitants. Jean Valjean experienced an indescribable contagion of tranquility in that alley of ancient Paris, which is so narrow that it is barred against carriages by a transverse beam placed on two posts, which is deaf and dumb in the midst of the clamorous city, dimly lighted at midday, and is, so to speak, incapable of emotions between two rows of lofty houses centuries old which hold their peace like ancients as they are. There was a touch of stagnant oblivion in that street. Jean Valjean drew his breath once more there. How could he be found there? His first care was to place the inseparable beside him. He slept well. Night brings wisdom. We may add, night soothes.  He thought the dining-room charming, though it was hideous, furnished with an old round table, a long sideboard surmounted by a slanting mirror, a dilapidated armchair, and several plain chairs which were encumbered with Toussaint's packages. In one of these packages, Jean Valjean's uniform of a national guard was visible through a rent. As for Cazette, she had had Toussaint take some broth to her room, and did not make her appearance until evening. About five o'clock, Toussaint, who was going and coming and busying herself with a tiny establishment, sat on the table a cold chicken, which Cazette, out of deference to her father, consented to glance at.  Jean Valjean had eaten a wing of the chicken with a good appetite, and with his elbows on the table, having gradually recovered his serenity, had regained possession of his sense of security. While he was discussing this modest dinner, he had, twice or thrice, noticed in a confused way, Toussaint's stammering words as she said to him, Monsieur, there is something going on. They are fighting in Paris. But absorbed in a throng of inward calculations, he had paid no heed to it. To tell the truth, he had not heard her. He rose and began to pace from the door to the window and from the window to the door, growing ever more serene. With this calm, Cazette, his sole anxiety, recurred to his thoughts. Not that he was troubled by this headache, a little nervous crisis, a young girl's fit of sulks, the cloud of a moment, there would be nothing left of it in a day or two. Editated on the future, and as was his habit, he thought of it with pleasure. After all, he saw no obstacle to their happy life resuming its course. At certain hours everything seems impossible, at others everything appears easy. Jean Valjean was in the midst of one of these good hours. They generally succeed the bad ones, as day follows night, by virtue of that law of succession and of contrast, which lies at the very foundation of nature, and which superficial minds call antithesis. In this peaceful street where he had taken refuge, Jean Valjean got rid of all that had been troubling him for some time past. This very fact that he had seen many shadows made him begin to perceive a little azure. To have quitted the roux-plume without complications or incidents was one good step already accomplished. Perhaps it would be wise to go abroad, if only for a few months, and to set out for London. Well, they would go. What difference did it make to him whether he was in France or in England, provided he had Cousette beside him? Cousette was his nation. Cousette sufficed for his happiness. The idea that he perhaps did not suffice for Cousette's happiness, that idea which had formerly been the cause of his fever and sleeplessness, did not even present itself to his mind. He was in a state of collapse from all his past sufferings, and he was fully entered on optimism. Cousette was by his side, she seemed to be his. An optical illusion which everyone has experienced. He arranged in his own mind with all sorts of felicitous devices his departure for England with Cousette, and he beheld his felicity reconstituted wherever he pleased, in the perspective of his reverie. As he paced to and fro with long strides, his glance suddenly encountered something strange. In the inclined mirror facing him which surmounted the sideboard, he saw the four lines which follow. My dearest, alas! My father insists on our setting out immediately. We shall be this evening in the Rue de l'Hôme Armée, number seven. In a week we shall be in England. Cousette. June 4th. Jean Valjean halted, perfectly haggard. Cousette, on her arrival, had placed her blotting book on the sideboard in front of the mirror, and utterly absorbed in her agony of grief, had forgotten it and left it there, without even observing that she had left it wide open, and opened up precisely the page on which she had laid to dry the four lines which she had penned, and which she had given in charge of the young workman in the Rue de l'Hôme. The writing had been printed off on the blotter. The mirror reflected the writing. The result was, what is called in geometry, the symmetrical image, so that the writing, reversed on the blotter, was righted in the mirror and presented its natural appearance. And Jean Valjean had beneath his eyes the letter written by Cousette to Marius on the preceding evening. It was simple and withering. Jean Valjean stepped up to the mirror. He read the four lines again, but he did not believe them. They produced on him the effect of appearing in a flash of lightning. It was a hallucination. It was impossible. It was not so. Little by little his perceptions became more precise. He looked at Cousette's blotting-book and the consciousness of the reality returned to him. He caught up the blotter and said, it comes from there. He feverishly examined the four lines imprinted on the blotter. The reversal of the letters converted into an odd scroll, and he saw no sense in it. That he said to himself, but this signifies nothing. There is nothing written here. And he drew a long breath with inexpressible relief. Who has not experienced those foolish joys in horrible instance? The soul does not surrender to despair until it has exhausted all illusions.  All at once his eyes fell upon the mirror again, and again he beheld the vision. There were the four lines outlined with inexorable clearness. This time it was no mirage. The recurrence of a vision is a reality. It was palpable. It was the writing restored in the mirror. He understood. Jean Valjean tottered, dropped the blotter, and fell into the old armchair beside the buffet with drooping head and glassy eyes in utter bewilderment. He told himself that it was plain, that the light of the world had been eclipsed forever, and that Cozzette had ridden that to someone. Then he heard his soul, which had become terrible once more, give vent to a dull roar in the gloom. Try then the effect of taking from the lion the dog which he has in his cage. Strange and sad to say, at that very moment Marius had not yet received Cozzette's letter. Chance had treacherously carried it to Jean Valjean before delivering it to Marius. Up to that day Jean Valjean had not been vanquished by trial. He had been subjected to fearful proofs. No violence of bad fortune had been spared him. The ferocity of fate, armed with all vindictiveness and all social scorn, had taken him for her prey and had raged against him. He had accepted every extremity when it had been necessary. He had sacrificed his inviolability as a reformed man. Had yielded up his liberty, risked his head, lost everything, suffered everything. Then he had remained disinterested and stoical to such a point that he might have been thought to be absent from himself like a martyr. His conscience endured to every assault of destiny might have appeared to be forever impregnable. Well, any one who had beheld his spiritual self would have been obliged to concede that it weakened at that moment. It was because of all the tortures which he had undergone in the course of this long inquisition to which destiny had doomed him. This was the most terrible. Never had such pinchers seized him hitherto. He felt the mysterious stirring of all his latent sensibilities. He felt the plucking at the strange gourd. Alas! The supreme trial, let us say rather the only trial, is the loss of the beloved being. Poor old Jean Valjean certainly did not love Cousette otherwise than as a father. But we have already remarked above that into this paternity the widowhood of his life had introduced all the shades of love. He loved Cousette as his daughter, and he loved her as his mother, and he loved her as his sister, and as he had never had either a woman to love or a wife, as nature is a creditor who accepts no protest. That sentiment also, the most impossible to lose, was mingled with the rest. Vague, ignorant, pure with the purity of blindness. Unconscious, celestial, angelic, divine. Less like a sentiment than like an instinct. Less like an instinct than like an imperceptible and invisible but real attraction. And love, properly speaking, was in his immense tenderness for Cousette, like the thread of gold in the mountain, concealed in virgin. Let the reader recall the situation of heart which we have already indicated. No marriage was possible between them, not even that of souls. And yet it is certain that their destinies were wedded. With the exception of Cousette, that is to say, with the exception of a childhood, Jean Valjean had never in the whole of his long life known anything of that which may be loved. The passions and loves which succeed each other had not produced in him those successive green growths, tender green or dark green, which can be seen in foliage which passes through the winter, and in men who pass fifty. In short, and we have insisted on it more than once, all this interior fusion, all this whole, of which the sum total was a lofty virtue, ended in rendering Jean Valjean a father to Cousette. A strange father, forged from the grandfather, the son, the brother, and the husband, that existed in Jean Valjean, a father in whom there was included even a mother, a father who loved Cousette and adored her, and who held that child as his light, his home, his family, his country, his paradise. Thus, when he saw that the end had absolutely come, that she was escaping from him, that she was slipping from his hands, that she was gliding from him like a cloud, like water, when he had before his eyes this crushing proof. Another is the goal of her heart, another is the wish of her life. Another is the dearest one, I am no longer anything but her father, I no longer exist. When he could no longer doubt, when he said to himself, she is going away from me. The grief which he felt surpassed the bounds of possibility, to have done all that he had done for the purpose of ending like this, and the very idea of being nothing. Then, as we have just said, a quiver of revolt ran through him from head to foot. He felt, even in the very roots of his hair, the immense reawakening of egotism, and the eye in this man's abyss howled. There is such a thing as the sudden giving way of the inward subsoil. A despairing certainty does not make its way into a man without first thrusting aside and breaking certain profound elements, which, in some cases, are the very man himself. Grief, when it attains the shape, is a headlong flight of all the forces of the conscience. These are fatal crises. Few among us emerge from them still like ourselves and firm in duty. When the limit of endurance is overstepped, the most imperturbable virtue is disconcerted. John Valjean took the blotter again and convinced himself afresh. He remained bowed and as though petrified and with staring eyes over those four unobjectionable lines. And there arose within him such a cloud that one might have thought that everything in this soul was crumbling away. He examined this revelation, a thwart the exaggerations of reverie with an apparent and terrifying calmness. Or it is a fearful thing when a man's calmness reaches the coldness of the statue. He measured the terrible step which his destiny had taken without his having a suspicion of the fact. He recalled his fears of the preceding summer so foolishly dissipated. He recognized the precipice. It was still the same. Only John Valjean was no longer on the brink. He was at the bottom of it. The unprecedented and heart-rending thing about it was that he had fallen without perceiving it. All the light of his life had departed while he still fancied that he beheld the sun. His instinct did not hesitate. He put together certain circumstances, certain dates, certain luscious and certain pallors on Cazette's part, and he said to himself, It is he. The divination of despair is a sort of mysterious bow which never misses its aim. He struck Marius with his first conjecture. He did not know the name, but he found the man instantly.  Or it is cowardly to come and make eyes at young girls who have beside them a father who loves them. After he had thoroughly verified the fact that this man was at the bottom of the situation, and that everything proceeded from that quarter, he, John Valjean, the regenerated man, the man who had so labored over his soul, the man who had made so many efforts to resolve all life, all misery, and all unhappiness into love, looked into his own breast, and there beheld a spectre. Hate. Great griefs contain something of dejection. They discourage one with existence. The man into whom they enter feels something within him withdraw from him. In his youth their visits are lugubrious. Later on they are sinister. Alas, if despair is a fearful thing when the blood is hot, when the hair is black, when the head is erect on the body like the flame on the torch, when the roll of destiny still retains its full thickness, when the heart, full of desirable love, still possesses beats which can be returned to it, when one has time for redress, when all women and all smiles, and all the future and all the horizon are before one, when the force of life is complete. What is it in old age, when the years hasten on, growing ever paler, to that twilight hour, when one begins to behold the stars of the tomb? While he was meditating Toussaint entered. Jean Valjean rose and asked her, In what quarter is it? Do you know? Toussaint was struck dumb, and could only answer him, What is it, sir? Jean Valjean began again. Did you not tell me that just now, that there is fighting going on? Ah, yes, sir, replied Toussaint, it is in the direction of Saint-Méry. There is a mechanical movement which comes to us, unconsciously, from the most profound depths of our thought. It was, no doubt, under the impulse of a movement of this sort, and of which he was hardly conscious, that Jean Valjean, five minutes later, found himself in the street. Bear-headed he sat upon the stone post at the door of his house. He seemed to be listening. Night had come. End of Book 15, Chapter 1. There's two and three of Book 15 of Les Miserables Volume 4 by Victor Hugo. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information, or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Peter Eastman. Les Miserables Volume 4 by Victor Hugo, translated by Isabelle Florence-Hapgood. Book 15, Thouroud de l'Homarmé, Chapter 2. The Streeter Chin, An Enemy of Light. How long did he remain thus? What was the ebb and flow of this tragic meditation? Did he straighten up? Did he remain bowed? Had he been bent to breaking? Could he still rise and regain his footing in his conscience upon something solid? He probably would not have been able to tell himself. The street was deserted. A few uneasy bourgeois who were rapidly returning home hardly saw him. Each one for himself in times of peril. The lamplighter came as usual to light the lantern which was situated precisely opposite the door of Number 7, and then went away. Jean Valjean would not have appeared like a living man to anyone who had examined him in that shadow. He sat there on the post of his door, motionless as a form of ice. There is congealment in despair. The alarm bells and a vague and stormy uproar were audible. In the midst of all these convulsions of the bell mingled with the revolt, the clock of St. Paul struck eleven, gravely and without haste. For the toxin is man, the hour is God. The passage of the hour produced no effect on Jean Valjean. Jean Valjean did not stir. Still at about that moment a breast-report burst forth in the direction of the Al, a second yet more violent followed. It was probably that attack on the barricade in the rude Lichonverie which we have just seen repulsed by Marius. At this double discharge, whose fury seemed augmented by the stupor of the night, Jean Valjean started. He rose, turning towards the quarter whence the noise proceeded. Then he fell back upon the post again, folded his arms, and his head slowly sank on his bosom again. He resumed his gloomy dialogue with himself. All at once he raised his eyes. Someone was walking in the street. He heard steps near him. He looked, and by the light of the lanterns, in the direction of the street which ran into the Rue d'Orquiv, he perceived a young, livid and beaming face. Gavrache had just arrived in the Rue de l'Homarmé. Gavrache was staring into the air, apparently in search of something. He saw Jean Valjean perfectly well, but he took no notice of him. Gavrache, after staring into the air, stared below. He raised himself on tiptoe, and felt of the doors and windows of the ground floor. They were all shut, bolted, and padlocked. After having authenticated the fronts of five or six barricaded houses in this manner, the urchin shrugged his shoulders, and took himself to task in these terms. PARTY! Then he began to stare into the air again. Jean Valjean, who an instant previously in his then state of mind, did not have spoken to, or even answered any one, felt irresistibly impelled to accost that child.  He said. The matter with me is that I am hungry, replied Gavrache frankly. And he added, Little fellow yourself! Jean Valjean fumbled in his fog, and pulled out a five-frank piece. But Gavrache, who was of the wag-tail species, and who skipped ferventiously from one gesture to another, had just picked up a stone. He had caught sight of the lantern. See here! Said he, you still have your lanterns here! You are disobeying the regulations, my friend! This is disorderly! Smash that for me! And he flung the stone at the lantern, whose broken glass fell with such a clatter that the bourgeois in hiding behind their curtains in the opposite house cried, There is ninety-three! Come again! The lantern oscillated violently and went out. The street had suddenly become black. That's right old street, ejaculated Gavrache, put on your nightcap. And turning to Jean Valjean, what do you call that gigantic monument that you have there at the end of the street? Is the archive, isn't it? I must crumble up those big stupids of pillars a bit and make a nice barricade out of them. Jean Valjean stepped up to Gavrache. Poor creature! He sat in a low tone and speaking to himself. He is hungry. And he laid the hundred-sue piece in his hand. Gavrache raised his face astonished at the size of this zoo. He stared at it in the darkness, and the whiteness of the big zoo dazzled him. He knew five frank pieces by hearsay. Their reputation was agreeable to him. He was delighted to see one close too. He said, Let us contemplate the tiger. He gazed at it for several minutes in ecstasy. Then turning to Jean Valjean, he held out the coin to him, and said majestically to him, bourgeois, I prefer to smash lanterns. Take back your ferocious beast. You can't bribe me. That has got five claws, but it doesn't scratch me. Have you a mother? Asked Jean Valjean. Gavrache replied, More than you have, perhaps. Well, returned Jean Valjean, keep the money for your mother. Gavrache was touched. Moreover he had just noticed that the man who was addressing him had no hat, and this inspired him with confidence. Truly, said he, so it wasn't to keep me from breaking the lanterns? Break whatever you please. You're a fine man, said Gavrache. And he put the five frank pieces into one of his pockets. His confidence having increased, he added, Do you belong in this street? Yes, why? Can you tell me where number seven is? What you want with number seven? Here the child paused. He feared that he had said too much. He thrust his nails energetically into his hair, and contended himself with replying, Ah, here it is! An idea flashed through Jean Valjean's mind. Anguish does have these gleams. He said to the lad, Are you the person who is bringing a letter that I am expecting? You, said Gavrache, you are not a woman. The letter is for Mademoiselle Cousette, is it not? Cousette, muttered Gavrache, yes, I believe that is the queer name. Well, resumed Jean Valjean, I am the person to whom you are to deliver the letter. Give it here. In that case you must know that I was sent from the barricade. Of course, said Jean Valjean. Gavrache engulfed his hand in another of his pockets, and drew out a paper folded in four. Then he made the military salute. Respect for dispatches, said he. It comes from the provisional government. Give it to me, said Jean Valjean. Gavrache held the paper elevated above his head. Don't go in fancy, it's a love letter. It is for a woman, but it's for the people. We men fight and we respect the fair sex. We are not as they are in fine society, where there are lions who send chickens to camels. Give it to me. After all, continued Gavrache, you have the heir of an honest man. Give it to me quick. Catch hold of it. And he handed the paper to Jean Valjean. And make haste, Monsieur, what's your name, for Mademoiselle Cousette is waiting. Gavrache was satisfied with himself for having produced this remark. Jean Valjean began again. Is it too samurai that the answer is to be sent? There you are making some of those bits of pastry vulgarly called brioches. This letter comes from the barricade of the rude Lechonverie, and I'm going back there. Good evening, citizen. As said, Gavrache took himself off, or to describe it more exactly, fluttered away in the direction whence he had come, with a flight like that of an escaped bird. He plunged back into the gloom as though he made a hole in it, with the rigid rapidity of a projectile. The alley of Leomarmé became silent and solitary once more. In a twinkling, that strange child, who had about him something of the shadow and of the dream, had buried himself in the mists of the rows of black houses, and was lost there like smoke in the dark. And one might have thought that he had dissipated and vanished, had there not taken place, a few minutes after his disappearance, a startling shiver of glass, and had not the magnificent crash of a lantern rattling down on the pavement once more abruptly awakened the indignant bourgeois. It was Gavrache upon his way through the rue de Chame, chapter three, while Cousette and Toussaint were asleep. Jean Valjean went into the house with Maurice's letter. He groped his way up the stairs, as pleased with the dark as an owl who grips his prey. Opened and shut his door softly, listened to see whether he could hear any noise. He chore that, to all appearances, Cousette and Toussaint were asleep, and plunged three or four matches into the bottle of the fumaud-lider before he could evoke a spark, so greatly did his hand tremble. What he had just done smacked of theft. At last the candle was lighted. He leaned his elbows on the table, unfolded the paper, and read. In violent emotions one does not read, one flings to the earth, so to speak, the paper which one holds, one clutches it like a victim, one crushes it, one digs into it the nails of one's wrath or of one's joy, one hastens to the end, one leaps to the beginning. Attention is at fever-heat. It takes up in the gross as it were the essential points. It seizes on one point, and the rest disappears. In Marius's note to Cousette, Jean Valjean saw only these words. I die. When thou redest this my soul will be near thee. In the presence of these two lines he was horribly dazzled. He remained for a moment, crushed as it were, by the change of emotions which was taking place within him. He stared at Marius's note with a sort of intoxicated amazement. He had before his eyes that splendor, the death of a hated individual. He uttered a frightful cry of inward joy. So it was all over. The catastrophe had arrived sooner than he had dared to hope. The being who obstructed his destiny was disappearing. That man had taken himself off of his own accord freely, willingly. This man was going to his death, and he, Jean Valjean, had had no hand in the matter, and it was through no fault of his. Perhaps even he is already dead. Here his fever entered into calculations. No, he is not dead yet. The letter had evidently been intended for Cousette to read on the following morning. After the two discharges that were heard between eleven o'clock in midnight, nothing more has taken place. The barricade will not be attacked seriously until daybreak. But that makes no difference. From the moment when that man is concerned in this war, he is lost. He is caught in the gearing. Jean Valjean felt himself delivered. So he was about to find himself alone with Cousette once more. The rivalry would cease. The future was beginning again. He had but to keep this note in his pocket. Cousette would never know what had become of that man. All that there requires to be done is to let things take their own course. This man cannot escape.  What good fortune! Having said all this to himself, he became gloomy. Then he went downstairs and woke up the porter. About an hour later, Jean Valjean went out in the complete costume of a national guard and with his arms. The porter had easily found in the neighborhood the wherewithal to complete his equipment.  He strode off in the direction of the markets. End of Chapter 3 Chapter 4 of Book 15 of Les Miserables Vol. 4 by Victor Hugo This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org Recording by Algy Pug. Les Miserables Vol. 4 by Victor Hugo Translated by Isabelle Florence Hapgood Book 15 The Rue de l'Homme Arm Chapter 4 Gavrosche's Excess of Zeal In the meantime, Gavrosche had had an adventure. Gavrosche, after having conscientiously stoned the lantern in the Rue de Chum, entered the Rue de Vierle-Haudriets and not seeing even a cat there, he thought the opportunity, a good one, to strike up all the song of which he was capable. His march, far from being retarded by his singing, was accelerated by it. He began to sew along the sleeping or terrified houses these incendiary couplets. Oiseaux médit dans les chemis et prétend cuit à telle, avec une rousselle à la, où vont les belles fillons-là. Mon ami Pierrot, tout bavier, passe qui l'autre jour mille-là. Connu sa vitre et mes palas, où vont les belles fillons-là. Dans les sons forts, j'en tiens les poisons qui m'aient saut-là. Je risais les mon-cieux au fil-là, où vont les belles fillons-là. J'aime l'amour et les bisbilles, j'aime Agnès, j'aime Pamela. Lisons-moi l'amour, c'est brûlant, où vont les belles fillons-là. J'arise congévillementi, désous et déséla, mon âme le plie c'est mela, où vont les belles fillons-là. À mort, quand dans l'ombre, eu-tu bris, tu coiffes tes roses dans l'eau-là. Je mets d'un arrêt pour c'est-là, où vont les belles fillons-là. Je tomberai tout habillé, bon que on bojure son volat, et crois qu'il s'est j'en couille-là, où vont les belles fillons-là. L'espoir, on sortons des quadris, je montre aux étroits, c'est-là, et je le dis, regardez-là, où vont les belles fillons-là. Gavrosch, as he sang, was lavish of his pandemines. Gesture is the strong point of the refrain. His face, an inexhaustible repertory of masks, produced grimaces more convulsing and more fantastic than the wrents of a cloth torn in a high gale. Unfortunately, as he was alone, and as it was night, this was neither seen nor even visible. Such wastes of riches do occur. All at once he stopped short. Let us interrupt the romance, said he. His feline eye had just described, in the recess of a carriage-door, what is called in painting, an ensemble. That is to say, a person and a thing. The thing was a hand-cart, the person was a man from Auvern, who was sleeping therein. The shafts of the cart rested on the pavement, and the Auvinjad's head was supported against the front of the cart. His body was coiled up on this inclined plane, and his feet touched the ground. Gevrosh, with the experience of the things of this world, recognized a drunken man. He was some corner-errened man, who had drunk too much, and was sleeping too much. There now, thought Gevrosh, that's what the summer nights are good for. We'll take the cart for the republic, and leave the Auvinjad for the monarchy. His mind had just been illuminated by this flash of light. How bully that cart would look on our barricade. The Auvinjad was snoring. Gevrosh gently tugged at the cart from behind, and at the Auvinjad from the front. Those to say, by the feet, and at the expiration of another minute, the imperturbable Auvinjad was reposing flat on the pavement. The cart was free. Gevrosh, habituated to facing the unexpected in all quarters, had everything about him. He fumbled in one of his pockets, and pulled from it a scrap of paper and a bit of red pencil filched from some carpenter. He wrote, French Republic, received thy cart. And he signed it. Gevrosh. That done, he put the paper in the pocket of the still-snoring Auvinjad's velvet vest, seized the cart shafts in both hands, and set off in the direction of the hull, pushing the cart before him at a hard gallop with a glorious and triumphant uproar. This was perilous. There was a post at the Royal Printing Establishment. Gevrosh did not think of this. This post was occupied by the National Guards of the Suburb. The squad began to wake up, and heads were raised from camp beds. Two street lanterns broken in succession. That ditty sung at the top of the lungs. This was a great deal for those cowardly streets, which desired to go to sleep at sunset, and which put the extinguisher on their candles at such an early hour. For the last hour, that boy had been creating an uproar in that peaceable oron dissimon, the uproar of a fly in a bottle. The sergeant of the banlier lent an ear. He waited. He was a prudent man. The man-rattle of the cart filled to overflowing the possible measure of waiting, and decided the sergeant to make a reconnaissance. There's a whole band of them there, said he. Let us proceed gently. It was clear that the Hydra of Anarchy had emerged from its box, and that it was stalking abroad through the quarter, and the sergeant ventured out of the post with cautious tread. All at once, Gevrosh, pushing his cart in front of him, and at the very moment when he was about to turn into the rude of years Haudriettes, found himself face to face with a uniform, a chaco, a plume, and a gun. For the second time he stopped short. Hello! said he. It's him! Good day, public order! Gevrosh's amazement was always brief and speedily thawed. Where are you going, you rascal? shouted the sergeant. Citizen, retorted Gevrosh, I haven't called you bourgeois yet. Why do you insult me? Where are you going, you rogue? Monsieur, retorted Gevrosh, perhaps you were a man of wit yesterday, but you have degenerated this morning. I ask you, where are you going, you villain? Gevrosh replied, you speak prettily. No, really, no one would suppose you as old as you are. You ought to sell all your hair at a hundred francs apiece. That would yield you five hundred francs. Where are you going? Where are you going? Where are you going, bandit? Gevrosh, retorted again, what a villainous words!  The sergeant lowered his bayonet. Will you tell me where you are going, you wretch? General, said Gevrosh, I'm on my way to look for a doctor for my wife, who is in labour. To arms! shouted the sergeant. The master stroke of strong men consists in saving themselves by the very means that have ruined them. Gevrosh took in the whole situation at a glance. It was the cart which had told against him. It was the cart's place to protect him. At the moment when the sergeant was on the point of making his descent on Gevrosh, the cart, converted into a projectile and launched with all the latter's might, rolled down upon him furiously, and the sergeant, struck full in the stomach, tumbled over backwards into the gutter while his gun went off in the air. The men of the post had rushed out, pearl-mell at the sergeant's shout. The shot brought on a general random discharge, after which they reloaded their weapons and began again. This blind man's buff musketry lasted for a quarter of an hour and killed several panes of glass. In the meanwhile, Gevrosh, who had retraced his steps at full speed, halted five or six streets distant and seated himself, panting, on the stone post which forms the corner of the Enfort Rouge. He listened. After panting for a few minutes, he turned in the direction where the fusillade was raging, lifted his left hand to a level with his nose and thrusted forward three times as he slapped the back of his head with his right hand. An imperious gesture in which Parisian street urchindum has condensed French irony and which is evidently efficacious since it has already lasted half a century. This gait he was troubled by one bitter reflection. Yes, said he, I'm splitting with laughter, I'm twisting with delight, I abound in joy, but I'm losing my way. I shall have to take a roundabout way if I only reach the barricade in season. Thereupon he set out again on a run, and as he ran, ah, by the way, where was I, said he, and he resumed his ditty as he plunged rapidly through the streets, and this is what died away in the gloom.  Vieux bon peuple, c'est qu'une épée qui, Que son c'est l'ouvre ou c'était là, T'as mon équil, on ne falle pas là, O volé bien le filon là. Nous en avons force à la grille, Les rachels disent et jouent là, T'es né mal et c'est déco là, O volé bien le filon là. The post-recourse to arms was not without result. The cart was conquered, the drunken man was taken prisoner. The first was put in the pound, the second was later on somewhat harassed before the councils of war as an accomplice. The public ministry of the day proved its indefatigable zeal in the defence of society in this instance. Karash's adventure, which is lingered as a tradition in the quarters of the temple, is one of the most terrible souvenirs of that elderly bourgeois of the Marais and is entitled in their memories the nocturnal attack by the post of the royal printing establishment. End of book 15, chapter 4, recording by Algi Pug, Perth, Western Australia. End of Les Miserables, volume 4 of 5 by Victor Hugo, translated by Isabel Florence Hepgood.