Hello everyone and welcome to Think Tech Hawaii's Dogo Momo Hawaii show and this is when we talk about and talk about the preservation of mid-century architecture of the 20th century here in the Hawaiian Islands. And I'm DeSoto Brown and I am the Bishop Museum Historian, I'm also the host of this program for the right this minute. And we've got two guests today and guests may I ask you to both introduce yourselves. Sure. I'm Allison Chu with Dogo Momo Hawaii, I'm an Architectural Historian and I'm Alyssa Carson Dogo Momo Hawaii and I'm an Architect. Well thank you both very much and I'm happy that all three of us are here. I'm going to talk about metal railings and metal work today and this is something which is kind of a lost art today, something which you very rarely see, specifically the type that we're going to be talking about as we go through our program. Let's go to our first slide and behind us has been this wonderful Ethereum shaped railing which is the type of thing we're talking about today, but you have pointed out to me because I'm not an architect that today this wonderful type of thing, artistic expression that it is, would be illegal because it doesn't fulfill the requirements for railings these days and people could get caught in this and injured potentially so we don't do it anymore. So as wonderful as this is, it's not something we're going to be repeating in the future. So let's go to our next slide and what we're talking about now is railings, but custom railings. Now railings were not always customized. Railings could come from a factory and this is from a catalog, do you even remember what this was? It was, the Econo rail was a proprietary name and it was the catalogs were produced by the Newman brothers in the 50s. So this is an easy, cheap way to get a railing made for a new building, however, we're not talking about this type of thing, but let's go to another picture that looks very similar or from a similar type of situation. This is from the, what company? This one was a catalog from the Tennessee fabricating company. It was produced in 1963 and this is one page of many which showed the variety of ornamental metal railings that people could choose from and they could order it and this was produced on the mainland and then shipped to the customers. Correct. And the one that we chose to pull out is the so-called Oriental motif which is identified, which is described as, quote, adapted from the best designs of the ancient and wise Oriental artists. That's the way they thought about it in Tennessee. I also want to point out the one underneath it which says non-directional design for the space age in which we live. We do live in the space age. I mean, I agree completely, diamond patterns and jet age, et cetera, et cetera. Next slide, we see another interior application, we see interior applications of the similar, this is also from the Tennessee company, correct? Correct. And what we were talking about is that this, at the time period for middle class people, this was a way to add elegance to your home. But the basic thing here, and not only are these railings, but they're also room dividers. Room dividers were a big thing at that time because there were open plan designs, but there also was a way to differentiate the dining room from the living room, for example, particularly if everybody was living in a suburb where all the homes were standardized. So this is a way to make your home different, to have the other housewives envious of you because of how space age you were. And these were actually used in the pace setter homes. A lot of the custom railings were marketed for their charm, their durability, and their beauty. So it really speaks to this idea of gracious hosting and gracious living. It was very sophisticated. Oh, utterly. I mean, just take a look. As you can see. As you can see, as is clearly evident. But what we're talking about is not standardized factory produced railings. Pardon me, my phone is making a squary noise. What we're talking about is in the next pictures. And what we had here was, here in the Hawaiian Islands, we had a number of welding companies. And these pictures, the picture of the welding, I was welding is from the late 1930s. And the ad from the Yellow Pages is from 1953. And the industrial welding company ad specifies that among the things that they do are cottage railing. So what we see here is railings being made for specific customers for specific uses that aren't from a factory that are unique. And we think that this is probably something that was pretty much just confined in the Hawaiian Islands and not seen in other parts of the United States. So next picture. Here is the start of sort of a chronological look at railings. And we start with railings at Iolani Palace. We think that there may be some Hawaiian symbolism incorporated in them, which is something that people would have done at that time. And you were saying that these might have been manufactured by the Honolulu Ironworks. Correct. Yes, they've been made somewhere that the Honolulu Ironworks did. Which was a substantial size factory at the time and produced a lot of big iron machinery in addition to more artistic stuff like this. Next picture. We come up in time to 1927 and this is the YWCA, the facade of the YWCA on Richard Street in downtown Honolulu. And this is a building designed by Julia Morgan and she's outstanding for being an early female architect. But the building is very much like it's Italy and or the Mediterranean. This is very European. The use of the wrought iron on the railing on the third floor is very much in keeping with what was already standardized in Europe and had been in place probably for a century. So although this is a building here in Honolulu, there's not very much that's Hawaiian about it. And it's not as unique as some of what we're going to be seeing as we go along. Next picture. So we have here an interior use. This is perhaps not as elegant as the Tennessee fabricating company once, but this is a home that was built in New Anu in the early 1900s, but this part of it is from probably the teens of the 20s and it happens to have been my great-grandparent's house and my great-grandfather was named Frederick Laurie. And here we see interior use of the wrought iron as a railing for the lower section and then up in the upper corner. You can see it's for a second level mezzanine. And you were pointing out that it's unusual because it's on top of a wooden balustrade base. Not something you'd normally would have seen. Yeah, why the mixture of materials is very unique here. Right, right. Normally you'd think of the metal would be at the bottom and the wood on the top because it's less strong metal, but less strong material. In any case, going on. Next picture. We come up to 1927. Again, we were previously in 1927. And this is what used to be called the Honolulu Academy of Arts. And I like the logo that you see in the center that says AHA because it reads the same for both sides. It's symmetrical. So if you're on the inside of the outside, you can still read it. The wrought iron railings and custom work at the front of this building is really noticeable. It's a really important part of it as you walk up to it. And below you can see a window that's got a metal grating over it. And we're going to see those motifs again as we go further. Next picture. Here are the gates as they appear. And there are three panels that you can see on the right. Two of which use this very popular 1920s and 30s motif of a rising sun with sun rays coming out of it. So that's a modern part of a more traditional, as you see, in some cases this is a, again, emulating European styles of wrought iron used as protection and or for security. Next picture. So coming up in time, we come to 1947, the King Kalakawa building, which is a small commercial structure. It looks much bigger than it actually is. And interestingly, now it's incorporating some of the ancient Oriental artwork that we were seeing about earlier. And the metal work that's on the facade in the center of the building, which is clearly, again, not Western style, but Asian. And it's a little bit of customization on what's otherwise pretty much a concrete one. It's a very distinct signage of that signage. And wonderful signage that, again, is something that people wouldn't do today either, unfortunately. Next picture. Now, again, continuing in the commercial vein, the Hilo Hotel. And these sort of squished rectangles that have been pushed in on the sides are cut out of sheet metal. Similar to the antherium reeling that we saw earlier. Right. And the Hilo Hotel is not a hotel at the moment, but you said it's possibly going to be returned to being. We're hoping so. We're hoping so. And I love how simple, but graphic this design element is. Exactly. And unique. Again, this is unique. You're not going to find it in any place else. Next picture. These are two different railings from two different bowling alley. And very clearly in the upper left of the stadium bowling drum, you can see that that's a bowling ball with two bowling pins next to it. You said that this is in the cocktail lounge of the stadium bowling drum, which unfortunately is not functioning anymore. The building is still standing. The lower picture is from Polly Lane's.  And they're sort of receding from you and getting smaller in there. And how clever for a commercial building to do something as cool as that. Next picture. This is the Kenrock building. And the Kenrock building on Copilani Boulevard actually consists of three separate buildings that are one complex that were built over about a 10 or 12 year period. And they have these very simple railings. But the railings, there's a little more going on there than at first appearance. First of all, as you pointed out, the upright is a round bar. It's not rectangular. Whereas the horizontal sections are flat pieces of metal. They also emphasize very much the horizontal nature of those buildings. So this very simple railing really carries on that theme. And very elegantly and attractively too, I think. And I like how you caught these shadows that really extend into the distance. Well, and also the shadows are a part of these. And we'll see that in some of our other pictures. Next picture. This is a small commercial building on University Avenue. This is just Makai of what used to be University Square. And none of us remember the name of the building. It has this wonderful exterior stairway that's kind of floating in the air and kind of skeletal. But instead of just plain upright bars for the railing, they've got this sort of rhombus shape. Which again, shows that this is a custom touch that somebody went ahead and did for not very expensive building. It actually makes you really want to see the rest of the building. Because a lot of these railings, I think as we've been seeing, mimic some of the design elements between just this very simple decorative component and the rest of the architecture. Right, exactly. So there's a repetition of themes. Next picture. Now, we're, again, the aged wisdom of the ancient orientals shows up again. But hey, it was good enough for the Tennessee fabricating company. We've got, in the lower left, we've got the Kwanian Temple, which is on Vineyard Boulevard. Which was constructed about 1960. And in the upper right, a building, the identity of which none of us is sure, we think we're not sure if it's a private home or if it's some sort of a Chinese organization or perhaps a religious structure. But in both cases, we've got custom railings that incorporate Chinese characters. And I wasn't sure if the same character was showing up in both locations. And you, your parents, can find it. That the abstraction of this symbol is actually the Chinese character for longevity. Right. And that's a popular one. That's a very popular one. And we're going to continue to see it. So again, we see it here in a religious structure. Next picture. This is a commercial use of wrought iron that is really clever. It's LH for Liberty House, the Liberty House Department Store, which was very prominent here up until about 2000. And this was the Kailua branch of the Liberty House. And it uses the LH abbreviation, which at the time all of us were very familiar with. So we could identify LH as Liberty House. And you said that this has been saved. Yes. So this picture was taken before they did the renovation. And then they salvaged them and they have placed them on the interior of the building now. Bravo. I'm glad they did. Next picture. And this is the Queen Lydia O'Halani Gardens condo complex in Waikiki on Alawai Boulevard built in 1984. 1984. And explain what's going on with this arch gate. This one, well, the architecture itself has always caught my eye. And when I went to look at it, this gate structure is very distinct. And it was actually galvanized steel. I know we're talking about wrought iron railings, but some of the paint has actually chipped away. And they had painted it black to look like a more stately and older piece of iron work. Yes. Which has successfully done. Which was very successfully done. Yes. Next picture. And here's another commercial application. This is the Hawaii National Bank, which is on King Street in downtown Honolulu. I'm guessing it's from about 1980, just based on my memory. And this decorative metal bar, these bars, which are in the parking building, obviously, in the parking section, which is probably in the bottom. This was a Chinese bank. This was a Chinese company when it was started. And so again, it uses longevity. And the interesting thing is that this is cross-cultural across the board in Chinese culture to use longevity as a symbol for both a commercial structure, a bank, as well as even a religious structure. And I was going to make the joke, but we won't make that joke. OK, next picture. So this is, again, a Chinese structure. This is the Waikiki Circle Hotel.  A Chinese lantern, yes. A Chinese lantern built by a Chinese family. The matriarch of the family purchased the land. And if you look carefully, it's difficult to see in this picture, but the railings just under the arm of the woman who is standing in on the left, the circular motifs actually do look Chinese. They actually look like Chinese characters and or coins. I don't know if this was custom designed or whether they got this as a standard design from one of the factories we talked about earlier. But regardless, it does carry on a Chinese theme. And unfortunately, it's not there anymore. No, those are not. Those railings are gone. They've been replaced with those vertical, standard vertical railings. Standard vertical ones that fulfill the legal requirements or zoning requirements now or architectural requirements. Next picture. So now I'm going to shift into looking specifically at homes. And originally, when you look at these private homes in these pictures, the plantation homes in the upper right just have wooden railings at their front steps. And in the lower left, we see a prosperous Chinese family in their home in central Honolulu, which has got basalt or lava rock walls built as the base. A shift away from that is to what we're going to be talking about. Next picture. And this is an advertisement from 1941 for a home that was located on Kapilani Boulevard. And it's still there. You can see in the picture on the right, although it's been changed. It's been altered. And it's got one of those metal railings. So I'm going to say that those probably came into use in the late 1930s. And that would be keeping in terms of what was popular at that time, too, in terms of streamlining. So next picture. Now we're going to get into some of the railings themselves. And a lot of the houses from this time period, from the late 30s into maybe the early 60s, for the most part are pretty austere. They don't have a lot of decoration on them. And the metal railings of the front steps are an artistic touch of decoration that otherwise is absent. Next picture. So here's the home. And what we like about this, or what's noteworthy, is the railing in the front and the railing in the back don't match. But the railing in the back, which is in the upper right corner, has this wonderful little freestanding thing that you can walk on either side of, which is particularly graceful. Very graceful. Next picture. And all of these railings are different. We don't see railings that are repeating patterns exactly. So we think that they were all custom made specifically for each one of these homes. These railings all use circles, as you can see. And there are some similarities, but they're not exactly the same. Next picture. And more commonly, as you would think with straight pieces of metal, you see angular patterns. And notice the way the steps are made. Those are poured in place concrete steps that required plywood forms to make them. That's expensive, and that's not something you'd be likely to do today for a private home. And the railings, we think, would have been fabricated earlier and then cast in place, placed with the concrete to be cast around them. And again, that's a difficult amount of work that most people wouldn't do today. Next picture. So we see a variety of patterns. The one on the left, I initially thought looked like sailboats. You then said that it maybe looks like umbrellas. Umbrellas, and then I saw that. I thought it looked like spades. Right, so it's very whimsical. It's very whimsical, and it's also you perceive what you want to perceive. Right. And on the right, we've got a circle, but we've got this other thing that you thought looked like a gecko. I thought it looked like a gecko. Very stylized, rather than the ones sticking out. That's right. Next picture. This whole experiment has been a Rorschach test. And he said totally, what do you see in this pattern? This is another one. This is another one. And this is really good because the boy saw it differently than the girls. Because I looked at that and thought, oh, it looks like a propeller. We both thought it looked like a boat. But what's cool is that the pattern on the railing is repeated in the wood that's cut out on the railing of the front porch there. And I mean, again, for a small job like this, how many people would do this today? Very few. Well, and the other interesting element of these very small plantation, or not plantation, but plantation-derived homes is that some of the carports, which were also mimicking these designs, you'll see them if you notice the little details. And I'm not sure that this one had the same repetitive bow or propeller design. But once you start looking at those little details throughout Honolulu's neighborhoods, you'll really start to notice them. And you'll also find, which I don't have any of these pictures, are wooden screenings sometimes that mimics the same pattern as the railing, which is wonderful. Next picture. So here we are back to our Chinese motifs, the ancient wisdom of the orientals. The building in the upper left corner again uses longevity in its railing, but it's also got upturned eaves to emphasize the chineseness. Upper right corner, that character is for the family name Wong. And it's written in a more normal caligraphic style. And then in the lower center, we're not sure exactly what that is stylized. Your parents said longevity again. Maybe they know better than we do. They said that for all of them. I know. That's just like, if you. I'm willing to go with it. I'm me too. They know more than I do. One of the things I love about this is that all of these railings are painted red. And they're red. And that's, again, the Chinese color. You've got to have it red. Agreed. Next picture. So this one is kind of the mishmash of everything that we could possibly jam together into one metal piece. And it looks kind of, again, like it's got longevity characters on the right side. It has, interestingly enough, swastikas in each corner that are facing inwards. We've got the symbol, that round symbol that we saw in the Academy of Arts. Which is actually similar to the design for the Chinese coin. Absolutely.   So we could see it. The swastika is a very ancient symbol used in a number of different cultures. It got ruined by the Nazis using it during World War II. I suspect this is probably pre-war because, during and after World War II, swastikas were so tainted by their association with Nazism, it's probable that people wouldn't have used them after that, I'm going to guess. And you mentioned that not just with this particular residence, but several other buildings built during the 1930s kind of had an unfortunate coincidence in timing being built right before World War II. Right, right. Because up until then, the swastika had no evil associations. And after that, it did. Next picture. So now we're going to shift finally into looking at just a handful of commercial buildings, small apartment buildings. So these are two-story walk-up buildings. And again, lots of these in Honolulu. And from this time period, again, the late 30s, early 60s, you see a lot of the railings that we're talking about. So these are just clean, angular. But again, they're not the same. They're not standard. They're not coming out of a factory. Next picture. Yet another example. And as we mentioned earlier, one of the things that these railings do visually is to cast shadows. And that's another part of their decorative abilities or their decorative qualities that is potentially possibly unintentional, but it's there nonetheless. One of the things that Aless and I both love about these small little buildings, too, is that because they all have such distinct custom railing styles, they make the building themselves look very recognizable, and they give each building a different character. That is exactly the case, too. And they're not cookie cutter. Next picture. And this one in particular is kind of complicated, but quite wonderful. But to my eye, looks dangerous, because there are these unadorned, unprotected, loose, just plain ends metal sticking out. And a child could get injured on those. And that's one of the major things that's a consideration now, that the railings half cannot allow a child's head to go through, which this probably would. And an adult who slipped and fell could be injured as well. And we're sort of chuckling about it, but it's a real possibility, which is why, again, we're actually lucky that these have not been required to be removed and replaced by other railings, because we would have lost a lot of them. Well, and then going off of Allison's note earlier, how the railings provide some kind of decorative element, I feel like this one, especially because it's a kind of a plain brick building, provides so much more decoration to the building. Oh, I agree completely. And as we said earlier, these buildings tend to be very austere. They're very sleek. They're very smooth. They're not decorated a great deal. And this is the decorative element that you can put on there. It's also in keeping with this kind of industrial, popular industrial, modern appearance, face age. Next picture. And this is part of the trade winds complex, which is located next to the Alawai Canal. And it was built in the late 1940s. They've been painted distinctively today so that they are different colors. So they really stand out more than they did for most of their life when they were all the same color. But look again at that concrete structure that is not only the base of the stairs, but the second floor lanai or exterior hallway. And that curve, again, that's custom made plywood that you've got to build it and pour it in place and have the stairway railings ready to go to. A lot of work, particularly for something this size, that is not likely to be repeated today. True. It's a very elegant railing. What I also like is on the upper left, image that you have to Soto, the railing almost disappears. So when you look at the walkways, it looks like they're floating as part of the building. Right. Right. If you look closely, you can see them. But otherwise, they're going to go away. Next picture. And this, I think, is right at the end of our period. And that zigzaggy up and down line, to me, suggests the diamond pattern, which is very popular in the 1950s. So I'm going to guess this is late 50s, early 60s, right when we're transitioning out of the use of custom railings. Probably it's too expensive. But in our last two pictures, next, we're going to see what happened. And we see that in the 1950s, we shifted to private homes being built in suburbs that were all standardized. And there was a lot of grading of the lots. So the lots, the ground was made very smooth. The houses were, when you went to a subdivision, you maybe had a choice of four or five different standardized houses that you could choose from if it wasn't already there. They weren't custom made. And they were all built flat on a cement slab. So there are no more steps. And you don't need railings anymore. Well, the interesting thing, too, when we talked about earlier is that it's amazing that all these railings that we have seen are in such good condition. But the properties of the material itself, and corrosion resistant, especially in Hawaii with the salt air, I mean, they still look pretty good for how old they are. They do. And they look elegant and swell, too. And I admitted to you when I was a kid, in the 60s, I used to like to look at these railings and think of who they were and wish that we had one in my house. Well, I think they're coming back into style. But they're not going to be. I hope so, too. But you know, again, we've got legal requirements now that won't make them as free form and cookie as they were. And we've also got they're expensive. And I think they shifted. When we were seeing these, these are houses that were not expensive houses. And yet they had this custom work. And today, if it's going to be done, it's going to be a more expensive. It's not going to be at the level that it would have been at the time. Thank you both very much for being here today. And this was a wonderful subject. We had a lot of fun doing this. Thank you. Thank you so much. And tell us about what's happening with Doko Momo in the near future. So we are hosting, as you know, the Doko Momo Hawaii Symposium.  And that will be in September, the end of September. Alyssa, do you have the exact dates? And can you tell us a little bit more about it? We're all looking at you. Exactly. It's the last week of September from the Wednesday to the Saturday. And we will be hosting at three different locations, the Outrigger, the East-West Center UH, and at the state capitol. Well, all of us will be there. I'll be presenting. They're still presenting, yes. OK, thank you for being here. Thank you for coming with us. And thank you, everybody, who joined us today on ThinkTech for this program. We will be seeing you in the near future with other Doko Momo Hawaii programs, as well as human-humane architecture. You'll be seeing me on those as well. Again, thank you for joining us. And until next time, aloha.


TLO We are on kick KICK.com we are not live, but you can leave a like comment subscribe Turn on your post notification bells. Let's continue to grow the family from Chicago to the UK This is where any highlights from alive would be if we went live and you missed it We do got a little merch Got it on you know I'm saying don't forget we got the patreon where we watch things We can't watch on YouTube and we got the discord as well, man The link to all of these is down below in the description Under that thing called a link tree click it and it all pop up man American High schoolers try British comfort food for the first time. Y'all know I be on tiktok trying food and things of that nature You know I'm saying check it out link it below link below. So let's get into this. This is by Jolly Jolly today, we're gonna be trying some British food. Oh, no Famous for our good food, but we have some staples that we're very far 10th graders are sophomores in high school So two more years until they finish School on and off. What comes to mind if we say British food like tea Fish and chips biscuits if I'm being completely honest like Beans and toast beans on toast Have you tried beans on toast before no see like a lot of youtubers that are British and then they eat beans on toast Uh-huh, but it does not look good. Okay Well beans on toast is one of the most classic British dishes. Oh my god Hey now Mexicans eat this The fork, that's how that's wild It's literally smothered it though like Can't even see the bread number like what's going on? I don't even know like why she's a thing, but it's definitely food You guys eat this like every day probably the most common sort of go-to quick and easy meal It's like an English salad an English salad is not true All right, give it a taste and you're supposed to eat this with a fork And I'm always with a knife before no, I mean what kind of psycho would pick that with their hands America I'll be trying to tell them like we really be eating stuff with our hands Like I will fold them beans and toast and have and eat it like a taco like Forking knife to me was wild Yeah, we use a fork and knife for everything Y'all could be eating a banana and y'all will use a fork and knife like I never heard a finger food is it good Like they don't fear factor.  Okay, not my favorite and not it's not horrible. It's just like beans Loki good actually I was expecting it to like mix together, but that's actually good, but they're Loki sweet It's not bad. Oh It's pretty good. Mm-hmm. Yeah. Yeah, I should quite good It tastes the way better.  This can't be bad can't be worse than that It's not like top tier, but okay. Yeah, okay. It's like middle tier middle to bottom Okay, I'll take that I'll take that when you first saw that what was the first thing that went into your mind ill Like it doesn't look appetizing at all in Texas I thought it was gonna be like mass soggy, but it's actually like crunchy the now They're in New York. They're in New York for sure cuz she's her accent is crazy Like Brooklyn Bronx kind of beans. It is a Heinz baked beans. It sounds like dog food The average English palette is quite bland, but if you do want to add a little bit of flavor to it spice it up a little bit Because yeah, I believe y'all be thinking this is a game You feel me simple I do this I really do this He saw us HP sauce, but we would never call that HP sauce with brown sauce cool that brown sauce brown sauce Yeah, why why brown sauce like what what cuz it's brown. Oh, yeah, I know that like one thing I've noticed I was thinking about this early this morning like In the UK, they are very simple when it comes to naming stuff like beans on toast Literally is beans on toast. We would call that fortified fortified ovals dipped in a sauce of bean Over a palette of bread like They keep it simple beans on toast brown sauce because it's brown We in America, we would literally call this House of Parliament sauce Keep it simple people. That's that's what it's called brown sauce. It's very crazy Is it actually yeah, this is chunky I try the same time again. Yeah Actually good like y'all might like that. Yeah Where did they put it listen we get that ordering a suit online chill, bro, it's every everybody except her is gonna like that sauce Big bite of instant healthy for should even worse Yeah, I forgot him. He has one of the he has a he has a two-year-old palette my bad It still has the horrible texture. He is a child child for okay But then now it's just like sour like this sauce doesn't belong on this Is it better? No Does it taste better than it looks looks are subjective and so is taste and I don't think this is something I'd want to be subjected to Wow, that's pretty damn it I'm a little older. I've been I'm well rounded. I've tasted more than school lunch and Baby food, so you know I'm saying I'm having an eclectic palette, so Thank you. So next up we have cheese on toast Right, this is just grilled cheese grilled cheese basically. All right. Oh, this actually looks good It's grilled cheese. I like this. This is normal. Please don't put nothing else on it. Okay. Well in England Oh, we do put something else on it. I Didn't know this was a thing look wake up a cheese is that that's not even cheddar Runston pickle. Okay, hold on hold on because y'all thought I was done I'm having a good time with this video Talk to me Pickles pickles I Love pickles. I like pickle. So what you guys might call pickle we'd call gherkins gherkins. Yeah. Oh I don't think I want anything called gherkin No for me It's quite strong Right, I'd say you want to spread it across the cheese. There's no spreading this is cubes. Okay I ready Don't like that like Like something Gotta be my my eclectic palette, you know, it tastes like hot breath You know what I'm saying, but this expired like we're just December 2024 now, okay This is why I don't like pickles. Okay. I Like this. Yeah. Yeah, it doesn't taste that but yeah, I should like this one. Yeah. Yeah, I'll eat this Okay, I should like that. Do they sell this here? Like where do you find it? I don't think so I think they do they do you got to go to your main grocery store That's all across wherever you at go to the international aisle. They'll have it So you can probably have that jar when we're done with it. I can take it.   I really like that. Okay This is classic as it says on the on the jar since 1922. Yeah, I'm sure it's been fermented since 1922 It's very dark. It's not my second. She's clearly an honor roll student She got to have a like a 3.8 4.2 gba choice third choice not even 10 We are trying I hope The last thing is something that does now this is gonna be hands down the worst thing That they try on the list. I'm surprised. They didn't get them comments mustard They should have gave them comments mustard Hey Got that too this nasty. I don't care what nobody said The worst thing that came out of Britain or the UK split opinions in the UK. I love it. All he hates it a British essential is Marmite on toast. What was that? What is that Marmite? It sounds like a bug Oh That does Like a bug Have you ever seen this before? Oh, have you tried it? No? Oh, I've seen this on YouTube. Okay Okay Yeast extract yeast yeast That's the infection theme This dude is comedy whoever this is get him on his own show or something. He's comedy That's the infection theme He like why would you say When I thought about it, I was like Give it a smell first and let us know what's going through your head I don't even know what like once you even see that snow was this was like poison I think it do some I don't even open it. That's for the best It's very thick No, yeah, I see people like you with spoons and they like vomit or something So I'm guessing it's it's really strange that what you've seen on YouTube Yeah, I would not recommend putting a spoon in there and eating it as you can tell we spread it quite thinly with butter on That's still too much. So it is very strong. I'm guessing it's a strong taste and give it a go I would be surprised if any of them like that like this might go over eight Is it too much? It's definitely gonna go over a clean knocking one. Whoa That's wrong You're Yeah, that's very thinly. Yeah thinly spread.  It's like I got it stuck in my tooth, and I can't get it off I kind of like it Yes, yes, I don't know why I just that's you're pretty good. We found a mom I love. Yes. Good man. Okay. No There you go. I don't know why he's pretty good. You don't need this in your life. Okay, but I want it in my life All right. Well, that's been a little introduction to some classic British food. Please y'all jolly if y'all watching Give them Coleman's mustard, but don't give it to him like I was traditionally given Give make them take a spoon a Hat like a little spoon like a good amount Sign a waiver though. What's your verdict overall interesting very very interesting? Yeah It's not something I would typically think like oh, let me put this on toast, but there's no food in bitches every day So yeah, you go well in England there really isn't new food in business. We've been eating this for hundreds of years We stopped inventing stuff about three hundred years ago Yeah, yeah, I think it's overheated overheated. Okay, not overrated actually No, that one is properly hated the the last one Over I don't think it's too horrible. It's just not the greatest. Okay. That's very nice. We're pretty very encourages Yeah, has your impression of British food changed at all? I didn't really know what I think But I was just having big beans in the toast. I thought you're crazy. Okay, and when I saw this it looked crazy I like this a lot better than the big beans of toast And we just straight out just did not like that You got veneers It's even white as hell, but why do you guys eat this like how do y'all eat that? Because I don't see the app I don't see the real-life application for Murmack Everybody who got Murmack you might as well throw this away Like you could put this probably on like rat traps and catch rats It's something like this other than that No, sir. TLO leave a like comment. Shout out Jolly. I'm gone


My name is Stefanie Endlich. I work freelance in Berlin and I'm writing in journals and I'm making books and also making exhibitions. For example, in the last year's open-air exhibitions on history and on art in public room and I'm also teaching at the Berlin University of Arts, especially for art in public space. Every system had its own art projects for memorials and monuments and I would not see such a very close connection between art and democracy. Artists have the chance to apply, to take part in competition and then you have several different ideas where a jury can discuss on and choose one of it to be built or to be realized and I think this is the democratic point. Without looking at the past you cannot understand your presence and for young people it's more and more difficult in all those many informations that they get every day from many sites and from the media and internet and so on to know something about history and I think that the art in public space and the memorial places can offer a special entrance to the history of certain realms or of certain events. Maybe they can help to heal the wounds but on the other side maybe also they keep the wounds open because this idea of monuments healing the wounds is a very traditional idea I think of course one important aspect is always the comfort for the families or for friends of those who have died that those who have died are not forgotten but for the society in general it's better not to say the wounds are healed we close the door we finish the topic but to get again and again with new questions from today the look at history and I think that's what contemporary art can do very well to find new ways to connect the dealing with the past with problems we have today and our views from today so maybe not keeping wounds open but keeping questions open and constantly open and continuing dialogue on what has happened and trying to find new views and new solutions that's more important than healing and finishing the story. Of course too many monuments in a close space can be counterproductive I see this when I talk with my students they often say Berlin is so full of monuments and memorial places you cannot even breathe freely I think it's relative the concept of this first large monument there was to concentrate the memory on the Jewish victims and not to take into the project the victims of the other racial persecution of the Nazis like the Gypsies and like the homosexuals or the euthanasia victims so the result of this very early decisions in the early 90s was that near to this Eutolikos Memorial we find two, three, four maybe soon five other memorials for other groups of victims of the national socialist terror and persecution and to understand why there are so many and so close together you have to look and analyze the history of how it developed the political decision for this place the political decision for the concept of those of those memorials. I think the decentralized memorials are at least as much or even more interesting to understand history than the real large ones we shall soon have and have already started to have large memorial places and monuments for the freedom of the reunited Germany for the victims of Stalinism and early communist period in the former GDR this will also come and also come on a national level it's also a problem that when you try to create a monument or you try to decide about art proposals in a competition you always have this event question in the background how interesting is it for the tourists how can it be simple enough to be understood by many people you know that contemporary art is very often is difficult and cannot be understood easily by people who are not familiar with art in general the tourist aspect is an aspect which is there you have to look at it you have to respect it but it should not make the memorial places or the memorial art easier and more adventurous of course politicians can manipulate history and memorial culture maybe not in a very direct way because we live in a democracy but in an indirect, intertwined way where political impulses wander through the political institutions and get political support you can see this development very well with a future freedom memorial which will be built in maybe two years we are talking about the step from the so-called negative memory to the so-called positive memory but talking about negative memory the word negative actually meant something positive it meant that you are wise enough and strong enough to deal with the negative developments in history and to deal with the crimes that have happened in the Nazi time what we have now is that people say we don't want a negative culture anymore positive culture means identification, our successes, memorial places have to show our successes this is different and I think it will give a lot change in the next years or it has even started in a memorial culture let me talk about Germany and maybe also a little bit about the Eastern Europe countries I think it's not a good solution to tear them down and to make them vanish and be forgotten but all the monuments show the view of a certain time and when you look at those monuments today you can understand how the time when they were created what ideas were important at that time or how politics were working at that time and of course for monuments which were created in dictatorship that would show the official view of the system at that time those monuments can and must be explained on different levels we call it historical commendation I have a lot of interesting projects which give commentations to existing memorials which cannot very well be understood in the language of former times by people today or especially by young people I don't know because this is a political decision we ask people in Germany they have never heard of this decision still in Germany we have the 27th of January as a day of remembrance for the Nazi victims it's the day of liberation of Auschwitz and I am very skeptical about the development of the last years trying to bring together the dictatorship experiences of Stalinism and National Socialism in common memorial days and common memorial museums I think it's a step backward or many steps backward the times were memorial art and monuments concentrated of mourning the victims this will be the conception of the new day of 3rd of August the victims of the Stalin Hitler pact and the following years could lead to the attitude we are all victims all the European nations are victims of history of dictatorship but from Spain and France to Russia and the Baltic states I don't think this works it's a political construction which will not work this initiative should deal with concrete topics and sites and historical events and then from there get the error to the general topics that's better than the other way around the other way around doesn't work very well


Good morning to everyone. We welcome each one of you to the first virtual debate competition of Tetsuo College organized by Oratory Club. On the topic, online education during the COVID-19 pandemic is justified. The term COVID-19 sounds very cliche these days, however we do know that this is the greatest and the biggest reality that we are dealing with. COVID-19 pandemic led to the abrupt closure of the educational institutions and which revolutionized the educational world. So the notion of online education and adapting to the online education has taken up to normalize the situation and it is really applauded for its merits, however it is not in the absence of criticism due to various reasons such as inaccessibility or unaffordable condition of some various groups in the society. With the emergence of the new academic session, the question has resurfaced, should we continue online education to provide safety to all or should we come back to the traditional classroom approach? So today with this platform, let us all tune in to know what our debaters have to say about it. Over to you Ms. Nisha. Good morning everyone. Good morning everyone. Good morning everyone. Good morning everyone. Yes, yes, audible. Audible. Welcome everyone to the first virtual debate competition and here I will just quickly remind about the rules. Although we follow the conventional rules which are very, very because of the network problem, there is a significant moment. Yes, yes, we can hear you. Yes, so quickly we will just have a look on the rules of the debate, although like we are going to follow the rules which are prevalent in the digital industry but since it is the virtual platform, there is going to be some difference. So there will be only one round in which the presenters or the participants, they will be presenting their speech, they will be justified either for the motion or against the motion. Then the naturalization is going to be four minutes after every three minutes they will be notified and they will be notified to wind up their argument and then there will be no need to read their argument and then regarding the use of language, regarding the use of words or the expression, they must make use of the word through the platform. More and more, it will show the words or actions which are not welcoming, they will not be tolerated, they may even need to align points as well so all the participants need to be aware of that. And then in any case of dispute, the matter shall be referred to the honorable panel judges whose decision shall be final and right by these. Besides this, there is one more rule which is specific to our virtual debate, and that is regarding the question of the round. Here, all the participants, they are supposed to present their argument first, they are supposed to present first. The question and the round will take place later towards the end of the event. Here, my request is to the audience also, those who have joined us for the first virtual debate competition, if anyone from the audience, they do have a question from the participants, then they can kind of type it in one fat book and then later and direct your question to the particular person so that later it doesn't lead to any confusion. So, after the presentation of the participants, the question will be picked up and the participants will be asked to answer those queries or answer those questions. Thank you. Ms. Nisha. Yes. Yes. Next. For today's event, we would like to introduce our on-grabble judges. For today, the on-grabble judges are Dr. Hewasa, Dr. Elika and Ms. Gaho. We welcome you to the first virtual debate competition. Thank you. The speakers of our today's debate. We have eight in total. For the motion team, we have Chomang Lee, Sankam, MA Political Science, Second Semester. If they delay, Ngyia becomes First Semester. Marce Hamsoi, MA Second Semester. English, Ning Taolong, Gangmai, BBA Fourth Semester. And for the team of Against the Motion, we have Bandang Jungla, BBA Psychology First Semester. Delay Cart, BBA Sociology Fourth Semester. Hyrosa, BBA Economics Fourth Semester. Josain B. Khemrai, BBA History, Six Semesters. These are the enthusiastic candidates from our Tetzel College to represent and talk about their views and opinions on the topic. So, over to you, Ms. Nisha. Before we start with our next round, that is presentation round, I've already discussed about the rules and the flow of the debate. So, regarding questions around, once more, I'm just reminding to everyone, in case you do have any questions, even the participants, please use the chat box and feel free to write down your question in the chat box. And then, later after the presentation of all the participants, the questions will be picked up and answered by the respective person. It is directed to me. Over to Ms. Philipi. Thank you. Now I invite all the participants to speak one by one. I invite Chomang Lee Sang-Tam from the team of Motion, MA Political Science Second Semester, followed by the team of Against the Motion by Bandang Trina Al. You may take your time. And I will be the timekeeper. Hello, everyone. Good morning, first of all. Today, I'll be speaking in favor of motion on the topic online education during COVID-19 pandemic. Why I chose us in motion? Because I had been experienced through the five months of COVID-19 pandemic. Since I joined in Thietso College, there are many similarities between the COVID-19 pandemic and online education that I've been learning. And on this COVID-19 pandemic, the lockdown has been institutionalized by education. School, college, and universities have been shot to prevent spread of virus over the Nagaland and all over India also. The education of online through the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been learned through the Zoom, Google Hangout, and Microscope teams. Today, the globally 1.2 billion children are out of the classroom. As a result, education has changed dramatically with the extensive rise of in-learning. When we learn online education, it has been some benefits to our students during the pandemic. First of all, we've learned students can develop their own routines. You know, there are some many pandemic into the formation of the online education with the students don't need to be attend in the classrooms either at and until afternoon. It has been developed to build ourselves into the realistic of the online class. Students can work on peace. Some people of students around the world or around the Nagaland, the challenges are stressful or might be taking them into all. With online school and colleges, like classes, students are able to choose how much time they devote class and assignments. Students can choose the environment where they study. So many distractions might exist in a traditional classroom sitting with cold, easily, whether a student needs complete silence or little bit of noise pride, light or a soft light. A conveyor with pillows or simple stall, each individual online student can choose where to perform their studies. Students can study their patient needs through a spirit of online education. Students do re-engage in the academic and become patient. Online education promotes lifelong learning. Online education can promote lifelong learning because most of the time we learn in a course the forgotten within two of the end of classes. And now we learn online education teachers need to be self-disciplined. Most of us, the doctors included, put off the things we need until the very last moment when it comes to education. Sometimes the lessons learned in form of poor performance and exam or assessment. Online education gives you real-world skills because through online education we can complete the course. We will be able to include email and web processing technical skills. They give us different advantage or some does not have the skills learning how to get information we internet opens up and performing the personnel and professionals we can find jobs online also. Effective learning material sharing. When we look upon the effective learning material sharing we had been experienced from our college that we had Google classroom and the teachers are sharing the notes and we can study for our exam and learn some good attending of the good marks and monitoring students' activity. All the students' activities in the regional class are recorded as well. For example, when the learning process begins and the teachers instruct them to read certain documents the system will note whether they open the documents as per the instruction. Now, effective learning evolution. Effective learning evolution has been taken by the NBSC. It has been taken throughout the region. And the effectiveness of the learning evolution combining the true all over the Netherlands to give education to all over the Netherlands all the students take part on it. Moreover, it has been emphasized on the education during the COVID-19 pandemic and I totally favorite I totally in favor of the emotions which has been taking throughout in the future tense. Thank you. Bandung Joong, you may take your time. Bandung Joong, you can put on your microphone and audio and your camera. Bandung Joong, are you there? All right. Without waiting, instead of waiting for Bandung we can give time again. So I call upon delay cut to present from the team of against emotion. You may take your time. Hello, everyone. Without any further due education institution where the first one to close the onset with the onset of COVID-19 cases in India and students immediately sign up for the online classes to fulfill their daily learning. But the online classes brought with it disadvantage to the students which I will emphasize in that point under the shadow of COVID-19 life of millions of children have temporarily shrunk to just a home in the screen. In 159 countries worldwide less than half the population have access to the internet with that being said Africa has a quarter, less than a quarter for the populations has internet access. There are 86 schools in Nagaland total of 244 in 86 schools in the map or total of 244 in Nagaland and 61 colleges in Nagaland make it obvious that there are more high school students and classes A to 10 students in the map or in the map or in Nagaland as well which make it obvious that they does not hold any devices which make a problem for the household household to which make it problem for the household to cooperate since because of this pandemic everything is done work by home and sharing these devices make it a problem for the family situation. The online classes for the children take almost 30 to 40 minutes per subject in plus five to six subjects which they have and this time take almost half of the days of the days making it difficult for the parents to work no issues which even if the device even if there is not any issue about the device the greatest problem lies in the internet connection students in rural activity find it difficult to find a stable network of videos or audio called through online for 30 to 40 minutes can be edited but for repeated classes students in Delhi and Rabat, Uttar Pradesh the central places the study if classes are conducted half of the students will not be able to attend the classes because they have returned to their own respective places in villages or more places where internet is not accessible. Even a global perspective in school half of the students learn some of 826 million which is 82.6 crore students do not have access to devices and for the 3% 7.6 million or 7.6 crores have no internet at home. On 15 April the United Nations Children Fund UNICEF which is engaged a communitarian egg for young ones around the world have stated that millions of children are at risk of harm as they are more increasingly online during this lockdown during this lockdown in the COVID-19 pandemic according to this statement the internet exposure to children at the risk of online sexual exploitation and grooming and predators to exploit the COVID-19 pandemic. Coming back to Nagaland. Nagaland within Nagaland has a population of 35% to the 8 North East state. 8600 villages yet to be covered with mobile connectivity. 2805 villages in Arunachal Pradesh yet to be covered with internet. 2508 in Assam. 528 in Manipur. 2274 in Megalaya. 252 in Nizoram. 134 in Nagaland. 23 in Sikkim and 2 in Tripura. Making it very difficult for the students around the places are staying in these online classes. Few of the students have been able to stay in these online classes. Those who are staying in urban areas like Dhimapur, Kohima but most of the schools which cannot provide these online classes students have been laking behind in this educational system. Some of the measurements which people have taken instead of online classes are TV shows from those to provide educational to the students. St. Mary has secondary school examples like Chevron school and all they are providing education through YouTube or TV channel which make it easier for the people and those who doesn't have these kind of pleasures they can freely come and share with their neighbors but through this mobile phone it's very difficult for large numbers of people to communicate through not only in these online classes but also in internet as well. Most of the people doesn't have internet connection or even if they won't be able to get it for the whole duration of time like for 40 minutes each for each classes plus 5 subjects or so and it will be very difficult for them to have connectivity. Online classes have been the first pandemic of education but secondly it is TV more than 90% of the countries in Europe and countries Asia uses television means of delivering remote learning and 100% of countries in South Asia thirdly been radio is the third most used platform by government firstly being said is internet and second is TV and third is radio is the third most used platform to deliver educational while schools are closed with 60% of 127 reporting countries using this method Nagaland schools have also provided with different ways not only in educational way but not only in internet using apps such as WhatsApp and messaging text or giving them assignment or giving them notes through the internet basis which make it more easier because even if the internet doesn't work for a particular duration of time with the flow of time the internet uses can be extended and this will be the time and this will be the end of my talk thank you I call upon Izay Dilengia to take the time Izay are you there? Yes you may take your time Izay Dilengia we cannot hear you your voice is breaking up Izay D your voice is breaking up so you may take some time more like wait for the network to come to normalcy meanwhile I will give time to Marzaham Soi from the team of Against the Motion in place of Izay D. I would like to wish our respected judges two competitors and everyone present here at this moment I am Marzaham Soi from the MA English department and I will be speaking for the motion now let's go on with the discussions that we were having. I would like to first highlight one point that I do not agree with one main point that I do not agree with what my previous competitor has said and that is she mentioned not only that Navalek is using not only online classes but also WhatsApp and I would like to clarify this point that even WhatsApp I think is online and without internet I don't think we can even use WhatsApp so that is also an online platform because according to the topic online does not mean only the online platform such as Zoom or such as Google Classroom and all such things but then it also comes with apps such as WhatsApp which all comes under the online sector and my previous opposing party was also mentioning a lot about statistical numbers 7.6 crores and such institutions and all but here I will give you an example of a statistics that is what if the whole world was to stop online classes what would happen then education would be pushed back 10 to 20 years behind and I don't think that is going to help anybody especially in the current circumstances that we are facing now doctors as we can see let's take statistics doctors are referring at such a fast rate that we have not seen before especially due to the fear of their lives now doctors and all such other things are retiring and if online classes were to stop now education would be pushed back and we would be delayed in having new doctors to take over the position of the older ones that have retired and I don't think that is going to help anybody in any situation and also if we were to compare if we were to bring up the lives of those people who are unable to avail such resources and come to online classes I think we should also take that as an encouragement to the people who can avail such resources and who can use online classes to their advantage they can be the ones to be well educated and they can be the ones to educate the ones who are not so in a favorable position during this current crisis but I think one half of the population has to continue to move forward for a country to move forward and if both halves of the equation where to put a stamp still I don't think it is going to do justice instead it's going to do more harm especially coming to the current pandemic that the whole world is facing because each and every country is trying to cope up with this and trying to they're trying their best to continue education they're trying their best to overcome the situation in any way they can and as citizens of the 21st century I believe we have always been talking about the digital world and it's always about the digital world but the digital world does not only mean Instagram, social media, YouTube and all such but it also means to use what we have been given to the best of what we can have if you don't use the resources that we're given right now I don't think it does justice to the ones who are not able to avail these resources instead it is more hypocrisy and mocking the ones who are not able to avail such resources as we have been given the resources and so we should continue to use it with the best of what can be received and we should use the education that we receive to help the ones that are not fortunate so online education during the COVID-19 pandemic I would say it's justified according and that is why I stand for the motion because a civilization cannot move forward if both houses of the equation continue to stay the same still Thank you. Now I give time to Bindang Joom from the team against the motion Bindang Joomla all all right Hiro-Sap you may take your time from the team against the motion. Am I audible? Yes yes audible. Go ahead. Good morning to you all and thank you so much Oratory Club that took college for this opportunity Now today we're discussing that online education during this pandemic COVID-19 pandemic is justified or not. Well I stand in my case that online education during the COVID-19 pandemic is not justified. So let me begin by expressing what justified means. Now the Cambridge English dictionary describes justified as having a good reason for something I will be telling you why online education or online classes is not a good reason as an alternative during this COVID-19 lockdown Now my first point is digital inequality. Now it means that everyone does not have the means or they are not provided the opportunities to attend or even to hold these online classes I want to categorize this digital inequality into two points. My first point is social inequality which includes family which mainly deals with family background differences Now everyone is not rich in this world everyone has their own family economy. So everyone does not have a stable family income So because of this not everyone is able to buy smartphones, afford smartphones or laptops which are needed for online classes or for online education. Now let me give some examples to prove my point. Tripura men end life after failing to buy smartphones for daughters online class. Read a headline of Hindustan time. Another no smartphones for online classes Punjab girl allegedly commits suicide a headline from NDTV news. Now unable to attend online classes, 14 year old I repeat 14 year old girl sets herself ablaze. News 18 Kerala and another headline from India reads unable to attend online classes Hora girl kills herself. Now in this case senior officer in charge of the investigation said, quoted, we have heard she was a good student. Now these are cases where families were not able to provide or they were not able to afford smartphones or laptops the necessary means for their children So parents or the children committed suicide. They took their lives because they could not take the depression and the last case we have seen that the senior officer quoted we have heard that she was a good student now the last girl was a good student but she committed suicide because she could not attend the classes the last second case where the girl sets herself on a fire ablaze was a 14 year old girl look at 14 year old girl taking her own life because she could not attend classes because she could not acquire the necessary means to attend those online education. This is what online education is doing to people across India Now my next point is differences of schools Now schools in rural areas especially in rural areas are not equipped to hold or to give the opportunities to students for online education Now I tuition three students here and out of which two students could not did not have enough study materials so I had to tuition them and their parents could their schools did not provide the necessary opportunities so they were given they had to seek for other alternatives Now even online class holding online classes have problems like low and irregular attendance leg of attention by students for internet connection overworked teachers students abusive behaviors communication gap and so on among many others we also have technological problems like we were holding meetings for this debate but we could not have smooth meetings because of technological problems and there are also vocational institutions which is a part of education that are not being able to hold online classes or even if they are holding online classes it is not effective enough because they teach skill training and these skills cannot be obtained through online education they need practical practices we also have personal development which cannot be developed through online classes but we need practical practices we need a social environment social physical environment where we need to develop these personal developments My last point is increased screen time researchers have proved that mental this improved screen time causes mental health disturbances it affects the eyes and also it affects behavioral patterns and these are problems which are present even when COVID-19 pandemic lockdown did not happen so all these problems are occurring because of this COVID-19 and also because of online education which is being taken up as an alternative to replace regular classes so I stand in my case that online education during the COVID-19 pandemic is not justified Thank you. Thank you Harissa Now I give the time to Ithadee from the team for the motion Ithadee Leungia She is still facing a problem with the network she is going on with Ninh Thao Lung Gang Mai You may take your time for the team for the motion. Hello, am I audible? Yes, you are audible, go ahead Good morning all, respect the panel of judges, my worthy opponents and the attendees. My name is Ninh Thao Lung Gang Mai Today I will be speaking for the motion. Point number one to begin with our light of first focus on the word justified For example, if the online education is only possible with desktop, desktop, iphone, if this was the case that would have been unjustified. Where online education is justified is because the learning is not interrupted even though the traditional education is interrupted and can't continue, it is the online education that the learning is continuing. For example, the British school the New Delhi is a 57 year old educational institution. The school moved to Microsoft even before the COVID-19 lockdown It enables its three teachers and students to interact and collaborate in remote learning scenarios reported on Microsoft News Standard India Point number two, learning is not limited to one educational way There are about 30, 40 specific students in the classroom How can we expect all the students to learn in all the same way for all? This is justified Of course all the students can lose of learning. And online education has justified the education system by providing the options to learn online. Point number three, transportation The problem of transportation faced by the students is eliminated. If we calculate the transportation phase of one month, normally it comes from 1,000 to 2,000 rupees and even more for those who live at the same which would have used it to buy online courses since due to the pandemic there are a lot of offers available and in the future there will be a lot of offers as different businesses are coming up. Point number four, availability of devices. The problem of lack of online devices unable to be acquired by the students in the rural areas, for that the government has also tied up with the duration which is a broadcasting television network so the relation is not missed by any students Point number five, no shortage of teachers There are places in rural areas where shortage of teachers is a major issue and ultimately sacrifice the quality of education Through online education this issue can be eliminated The government played 60,000 crores to provide digital devices such as laptops, tablets, computers mobile phones and delivering to 4 crores students in higher education in India by 2025 to 2026. At present there are nearly 3.75 crores students enrolled in higher education institutions in the country While the ministry plans to cover 1.5 crores students in the first year that is the next year between 2021 to 22 which will be huge huge relief for students reported on July 2, 2020 by the logical Indian With such rapid development in online education how can one say that it is not justified? Point number six, why go anywhere else? Institutions still limit the number of admissions as far as the capacity of the classroom but I believe in the near future this border will be eliminated where we don't have to grasp where admissions can do with admissions can take admissions with no limit and don't have to go anywhere else but the options to learn from wherever we want let it be your home access strong. With all these proven facts I would like to conclude with my sense that I firmly believe that more than the issues there are more benefits of online education and yes the online education during COVID-19 is justified thank you thank you now we give time to Bandang Jungla team against emotion if you are ready yeah hello yes we can hear you go ahead Good morning everyone my name is Bandang Jungla today I'll be speaking against emotion firstly schools are very important institution for individuals development traditional way of education plays a very important role in providing proper education for all the students with equal opportunities they also prepare the students for their future whereas online education only deals with personal achievements and also to get a certain degree within a limited time the most important thing that makes a school strong and acceptable is because of the well educated teachers the teachers plays a very important role in the development of a student a teacher can never be replaced by any means of computer technology or any kind of machine the teacher's top priorities are their students to ensure they learn and if not they come up with ideas and methods to make learning easier efficient and understandable for the students moreover schools plays their role as a whole for moral lessons to textual knowledge also provide a better learning environment for the students learning environment for the students for example co-curricular activities are held by the school example like the debate essay competition and speech making are held by the school where the students put their learning into practice and improve and develop their themselves and also whereas whereas online education has no such concern for the student as a whole it usually lacks in teacher-student bonding no interaction among the students and teacher or friends no feedback besides online education is just a part of learning session where its main objectives are personal and could only cope up with limited students in spite that it is not sure if the student have learned anything because it will usually lacks in providing physical learning activities better teaching methods and also connection problems also also with regard to those students who has no access to online education are being neglected there are some students who are unable to join online classes too because of defences in their living standards those who are not able to purchase some of the impact of online education are also mentioned by one of our friends it is leading to student suicide and also disintegrate the students into two those who are able to join online classes are getting the opportunity to learn whereas some are not able to learn but a school is a place where all children are treated equally with love and care and they are provided with equal opportunities for all the students there are also schools for special children like the blind and deaf children therefore education should be fair and given to all the students equally and rather it should build a strong youth with bright education to all the students and create equality among all thank you thank you Bandang Junga now we have the last speaker from the team for the motion Iseng Dileng, you may take your time a very good morning to you all I am Izzy speaking for the motion online education during the COVID-19 pandemic is justified the introduction of online education the introduction of online education is only the wisest and the most effective steps taken by institutions to help students receive knowledge and to secure our future I say it is justified the online education provides flexibility where you can attend classes from anywhere like also from the comforts of your home it is also cost effective we do not have to pay for the hostel fees or for the transportation expenses or even for the pocket money or the lunch expenses we can save it up it saves the parent's pocket a lot many say it is unfair for the people who cannot afford and may not be able to get proper education like the rest of the students but let us take a look at the situation from another angle if they say it is unfair for the people who cannot afford it then should we stop the entire online education for even the people who can afford let us remember there are people students taking online classes with sincerity and if a person is from financially unstable background he or she can save the money as mentioned above and buy a smart phone let us remember that there are also affordable smart phones like the Zolo era 4x which is just replaced 4,299 and there is also this carbon K9 smart eco which is only 3,299 social distancing is one of the main precaution of this COVID-19 and if amidst all these regulations of social distancing if we are to attend the educational institution we may not be able to exercise this precaution with safety and it will be very tough because the students will be the virus will spread rapidly and not only that it can also lead to death with all this possibilities can be ignored with online education by helping us secure our future and not only that we can also protect ourselves and controlling the virus spread going down the history lane we have also witnessed this black dead in 1357 to 1351 for four years and also Spanish flu for like a year if we say our current current situation to last that long should we keep our education on hold for that long and not like receive any education for like four years like the black dead so I say it is justified the online education during the COVID-19 pandemic is justified thank you thank you now I call upon the last speakers of the debate today Josain Di Kem Rai from B.A. History 6th semester you may take your time good morning everyone very clear go ahead okay good morning everyone respected panel of judges fellow opponents and everyone present here today to observe this debate competition I'm gonna speak for against motion that is on the topic of the online education is justified during the COVID-19 pandemic so I would like to strongly disagree with this point because see we must not be selfish with regard to education because there are millions and millions of people who are not getting access to this online education our opponent have mentioned about one billion students getting education through online means but however there are 7.8 billion population in the world and also one of the fellow opponents mentioned about half of the population getting education and half of the population not getting education those people getting education should educate those people who are not getting it so I would like to talk on that that is see one billion people are getting education but 7.8 billion the total population is 7.8 billion so that is not even half of the population so what do you expect of the more than half of the population those who are not getting education and also one of my fellow opponent he mentioned about that if we are getting online education and we are not taking it then it's like mocking at those people who are not getting online education but I would like to say that hello there is a right to education in India we are a democratic country isn't it so see there is a right to education and every single person in this country has the right to educate oneself so why do we need to have online education only for not even half of the population of the country and the solution to this is already also mentioned by my opponent that is true televisions and radios okay so televisions and radios are not true online means and that can be a useful one to provide education to the people so again another of my opponent he mentioned about transportation fair and all that however I would like to say that when we are going with a traditional way of education but do you know that we need we need to we need to pay the internet package fair for every month and the online education it's something like see online whether it be traditional education or online education the main idea of it is to provide a proper education to the student and I believe that online education is not gonna do that because even in the traditional way of education even after several scoldings from their parents the students they don't do their homeworks they don't study for their test and what do you expect during this online education will they study for the will they study for this will they do their homework or study for their test do you think and also I would like to state one example that I have seen in my own place that is once I went for to get the online education registration and one of the schools in my villages one of the schools in my village and there one of the parents she came up with a black and white mobile phone and she told that can I use WhatsApp here see our parents parents in India most of whom are illiterate they do not know anything about technology and see if we provide technology to the students they are gonna misuse it because during this is the time when children are gonna spoil their careers if there is no proper guidance and and if technology is provided to them then they are they are gonna take advantage of it they are gonna take advantage of the thing that their parents does not that their parents does not know anything about the technology so this is my point and then see another opponent she mentioned about some smartphones which cost only rupees four thousand but there are also people who wants to educate their children and they only get money for their hand to mouth that means they get money only for they do the work and they hardly get to eat from that money so how do you expect those kind those people to earn rupees four thousand just for a smartphone so I would like to I'm not saying I would not agree to the point that education is not good for the students I would like to I would agree to it only if you prove my points wrong that that will be it thank you just signed with this we come to the conclusion of our debate but we we have so much to we have some few more things to go result declaration will be there but meanwhile I want to give this time for all our respective panel judges to take the time to give remarks if they have any okay hi everyone let me just set up my audio okay thank you to the oratory club for organizing this I guess I'll take the first I'll take time first before the other judges all it's been a pleasure listening to your arguments and debating online which is I think quite a difference kind of experience compared to the face-to-face debates the fact that you've attempted this and all of you have chosen to participate it's really encouraging for us to see students coming online and also a good number of attendees we have around 39 people online so congratulations to the oratory club for organizing this and also to all the participants for being a part of the debate and giving your best I think all of you have done a good job and I was really happy to see that we also had a first semester student participating with us Ben Dang Jun La from the psychology department so participating for the first time in a college debate here so welcome to the Tito family and I think you've made your debut today so let me just give my overall very brief assessment I'm not going to go too much into the details but I think we've been having debates for a long time now in Tito College and each one of you I think those who have debated today I've seen you guys debating before as well and I think you guys are improving with every competition that's been organized I like the fact that a lot of examples and facts were thrown out this morning and so when using this and I thought that many of you did supported with the source from where you received the facts some of you did not mention those so I just want to point out here that when using examples or facts it's important to cite the source from where you received that your data otherwise it will just appear as numbers thrown out or created by the individual and I like the fact that one of the debaters I think you have also used broadened facts covering the whole of Northeast and not just Nagaland so because the debate topic is inclusive of the whole world and not just Nagaland so it extended beyond that that was good, I was glad to see the examples used from different states also there was a little bit of confusion at one point I think on what is online education and I think that was pointed out by one of the debaters against his opponent so I think it's important to establish those facts so that there's a clear differentiation between YouTube, WhatsApp or Google Classroom Zoom that's important before you get into a debate so keep that in mind and also lastly when it comes to personal opinions we're also shared the thing is that when you give when debaters use personal opinions as a point of argument it becomes very debatable so when you say that it's selfish or it's online education as a personal achievement please back it up with facts on why is it termed as selfish why is it only why is online education only seen as a personal achievement for that matter so even if you you can cite your personal opinions but since it's always debatable you have to supplement it with facts or data to prove that it's official it has personal achievement those are just examples to connect with the arguments that were thrown out so that is about it now overall I just wanted to mention a bit about why this debate has been organized I think by the oratory club they have their reasons for choosing a topic like this at the same time I think it's important for us to establish as an institution here and on giving our students a platform to debate on this topic which is very relevant right now and it is true very debatable and there are lots of pros and cons and we have heard so many views on this now what I want to throw out to the Tuzo community as a challenge is what can we do having heard all the pros and cons what can we do as a community to alleviate the challenges for those students those families who do not have the same needs as others because sadly you know the world is not equal there is a huge divide and that was spelled out clearly by one of the greatest higher pirates up it's not equal so what can we do as a community to reduce the social stigma or the social pressure even to have fancy forms to compete with luxuries which some some of you are luxuries some of you are again this is debatable basic necessities so I want to leave you all with the last question do you think online education has become a basic necessity or is it still turned as a luxury if you ask that question I think that will provide us some answers on the way that different people perceive the importance of online education or the unimportance of online education when I say basic necessity we are now at a stage where we have to ask ourselves an important question what is the basic necessity in that state earlier we would say basic necessities range from electricity roads an education system right to education these are all the basics now in modern times as the world has changed as the Covid pandemic what becomes a basic necessity I think can think about for ourselves what is necessary and what can be turned as luxuries okay so I am just trying this out for everyone who can do this today thank you once again for bringing me this time and I want to congratulate you because we are all very proud of all of you okay well I think how was that Vice Principal has covered all the areas that I wanted to point out as well I don't want to repeat it but there is always room for improvement and although all of you have done really well I think there are areas as Vice Principal has pointed out which we can all work to improving in the next event whenever that happens in any case this events like this and activities like this which has a debate competition allows you to get a sense of your peers or your opponents point of view but also presentation styles which we can all learn from one another so this is the I think I just want to say you know give my congratulations to the Military Club for making this possible and also to all the participants who have been keenly and actively presenting your views please do continue to be part of these events and all the best to all of you thank you Good morning I would like to congratulate the Oratory Club as well as all the participants for this wonderful debate our VP and Jean has already mentioned I think almost everything that I wanted to say also there is just one thing that I feel that we can work on to you know to make the debate more interesting later in the next time when we have the debate that is that the rebuttal session now one thing that I noticed was that many of the participants have just worked on the points that you have prepared it will be good in the next debate you can carry on with the points that the previous speaker has expressed and then you can work on those points and you know add more to those points whether you are for the gains or for the motion and it will be more interesting if you can carry on with some interesting topics that the previous speakers have pointed out now I am saying this because what I noticed was that most of you have prepared head in advance your points and we were just reading those out or just saying it out you know sort of working on the previous points that have already been pointed out so I think that is something that you can work on otherwise it has been a really interesting debate and I think that the future club can come up with more interesting debates like this so congratulations thank you all the judges for your meaningful suggestions and instructions I am sure they would work on it for a future debate that will come now I give this time to Miss Nisha I give this time to Mr. Anjan for result declaration sir you may take your time alright I do hope that you are able to hear me clearly if you are not please let me know so congratulations to the oratory club for organizing this it is interesting to watch an online debate which for me also is the first experience I had never witnessed an online debate so a good job on that and also at the same time I would like to congratulate all the participants for having taken part here but it is time to declare the results now please understand that it is not waiting that matters but participation and also going on this journey of alright so here are the results of the first virtual debate competition 2020 organized by the oratory club at third position at third place we have Ning Tao Long Gang May of BBA fourth semester alright third place Ning Tao Long Gang May BBA fourth semester thank you sir second place in second we have Matsu Hamso M.A. English second semester alright second place Matsu Hamso M.A. English second semester congratulations and now it is time to declare the name of the winner of this online debate the winner is I hope you are guessing wherever you are alright the winner of this debate first place goes to S I am very high res and up economics BBA fourth semester BBA fourth semester economics honors high res and up congratulations to all the winners thank you so much sir for the declaration of the result with this we have not come to an end but we want to take a little time of yours again we would be so indebted if we declare this we are really grateful to all the participants and you are equally a winner along with those winners so you all are winners participation is a great deal and you have that courage to participate and thank you so much and I congratulate to all the winners same goes to all the participants and with this I come to the panel judges we are so grateful for taking your time out I know you have your schedules and tight schedules with it but how we are grateful we are totally club would ever be grateful to your time given to us and that you have made this debate a success and a meaningful one and so we really thank you for that and we once again take this time to thank sir and John we really thank you because you have been with us the truth thick and thin of our preparation and our developments from the beginning it's now one month and three days of coming into this conclusion of implementation of the events so we would ever be grateful to all of you to all the participants and to all the attendees everyone who make this program a success so with this I hand over the time to Miss Nisha for the concluding remark and thank you everyone who has joined us today and since it was our first time organizing this virtual debate online debate so many things went wrong many things out of the track and then like question and answer around I mean we have to make certain changes but we really hope that next time when we are organizing an event for sure we'll try our best to do it better than today and apologizing for all those things that went wrong but congratulations to all the participants all the winners sincerely thanking our honorable judges and then sir and John thank you have a very nice day have a good day thank you everyone stay safe and stay healthy