All right good morning everyone and good morning to our students online as well okay so I know this it's been quite a gap but we'll pick up from I think last class we did chapter 3 and chapter 4 so we'll get into chapter 5 chapter 5 we're talking about the new covenant right now the new covenant is interesting yes all covenant is oh blood of goats rams bulls too many sacrifices here it's very simple okay let's talk about the new covenant the Lord Jesus completed the old covenant and he came to establish the new covenant now when we look at the old covenant it is a type or a shadow of what is to come in the new covenant right all the sacrifices all the peace in the old covenant point to Jesus right the Passover the sin offering the guilt offering the pain offering all those point to Jesus right and in the new covenant what did Jesus do it's very interesting Jesus he never said okay you believe in me and you know you will receive salvation he never said it but he established the covenant by doing something about it right he seed the new covenant with his own blood what do they do in the old covenant tell me once a year what did the high priest do Old Testament sorry burnt offering no no no once a year what did the high priest do very good yeah so he takes the blood of the of a animal either the lamb the blood of the goat and he goes into the holy of holies as a mediator for himself and for the nation of Israel what does he do he goes inside the holy of holies and he pulls that blood over on the tabernacle and he comes out once a year okay now the Lord Jesus when when when the high priest does that God decides I will not look at their sin their sins are covered because of the blood that was shed the blood that the high priest took any poured it out because of that I will not punish them then there was the the the other offering where you know the where the high priest would bring the lamb the people will bring a lamb and all the sins of the people was put on this lamb and they will send the lamb out into the wilderness eventually it'll go it'll die what does it convey conveys that I've taken up your sin and I've forgotten them I don't remember your sins anymore it's gone it's it's away from my site now in the new covenant Jesus establishes his covenant by his own blood what does he say Matthew 26 and 28 26 through 28 and as they were eating Jesus took the bread blessed it and broke it and gave it to his disciples and said take it this is my body then he took the cup gave thanks and gave it to them saying drink from it all of you for this is my blood of the new covenant which is shed for the forgiveness remissions of sin now picture this do you think the disciples understood anything from this you and I understand but think of the disciples they can eat how can I take and eat this you're saying okay I'll take and eat what are you saying this is my body first thing in the Old Testament is don't involve in you know murder and don't involve in adultery and all of these things what are you saying but Jesus was speaking of something bigger he was looking at the old covenant and he was saying now no more the blood of goats and rams now it's going to be my blood the blood of Jesus Jesus Christ who had been typified in the Old Testament is the mediator of the new covenant everyone know what's the meaning of mediator no right he's the mediator of the new covenant he inaugurated it that means it's not like Jesus said you know what do we do it was not like a decision somebody else made and then Jesus came no he's the one who inaugurated it he's the one who ratified it he's the one who fulfilled it and he's the one who has permanently established the new covenant nobody satan cannot undo what Jesus has done right all he can do is he can make you not believe it that is secondary but he cannot undo it he can say the cross is nothing it's fake there is there is no Jesus he can say all that he can bring up all these lies and deception but he cannot undo what the cross has done in the new covenant right if you and I believe in the cross he cannot come and say no there's no Jesus actually what will we say get out from your Satan why because Jesus himself has inaugurated he's our mediator right Jesus Christ was our Passover lamb of the new covenant remember the blood that was put on the doorpost and death was passed by Jesus is our Passover lamb what does it say here Jesus is our high priest of the new covenant representing us before the father okay now I want you to think everyone here with me you know okay use your imagination now as a high priest whole covenant everyone are giving him the blood in one cup and he's going in he's pouring that blood everyone over there are standing and watching will you God forgive us will you God forgive us he pulls the blood right now what does he become he's the mediator between God and the people of Israel now in the new covenant father Jesus is going with his own blood not to a man-made temple but he's going to his own the heavenly temple the heavenly tabernacle and he's going to the father and he's saying this is my blood not just for the Jews but for the entire world I have paid the price so now Jesus is our mediator between God and man say Romans there are plenty of scriptures Roman says through his spirit we cry out above father right through his spirit we have adoption as sons and daughters right Hebrews 9 15 through 18 is wonderful and for this reason he is the mediator right of the new covenant by means of death for the redemption of the of the transgressions under the first covenant that those who are called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance for where there is a testament there must also there must also of necessity be the death of the testator for a testament is in force after men are dead since it has no power at all while the testator lives therefore not even the first covenant was dedicated without the blood now let me explain this passage to you in easier terms right now for example there's a rich man he's got two sons or two daughters whatever right two children now what does he knows he's going to die what does he write first thing will okay he writes a bill he says okay I name I'm writing this will as the moment I die this will will come into place what is the will that's his decision I'll give 80 percent to my first son 20 percent to my second son or 50 percent 50 or I'll give zero and zero let them both learn how to live that's his wish you may say I'll give 100 percent to charity that's his wish it's his will right now that will will only come into place after the man dies it'll not come into place the children cannot say what is this you mean you change it they can say that but the will will only come into effect after the man dies yes or no yes we are after the man dies the same way here the Greek word dyotheca which is covenant or testament or will will only come into effect when there is shedding of blood meaning there had to be it was a blood covenant so there had to be a depth of the testator right so who in the old covenant who died the lamb and the new covenant who died you see that you understand that in the old covenant what was the will you try to meet 20s 28 right we read about it right I will bless you if you do this is this is this I will bless you this shall be the land if you obey the lord your god these are the things the blessings will fall upon you the new covenant what is the will it will be sons and daughters will be my children you're no longer far away from God right now there's no distance you don't have to send a high priest to go into the temple you can go in is a holy of holies you understand the difference here right so Jesus Christ is his testator of the new covenant Jesus Christ sealed the new covenant with his own blood and now Jesus is the mediator of that covenant so for example I was just sharing this in the 30 years when we sin when we fall into temptation and we sin we don't have to give an account to the devil you understand that don't have to give an account to the devil you have to give an account to Jesus you go back to the cross and you say Jesus I've done this wrong I have sinned I confessed my sins make me whole clean me and help me to walk in holiness and then we have this beautiful gift of righteousness Jesus the revival says he's faithful and just to forgive you the moment you are forgiven you have a right standing before God so you don't have to prove anything to the devil you don't have to explain to the devil you see devil actually you shouldn't have come like that forget him you have a right standing before God you look at Jesus and you say he is my mediator he is standing with me there's nobody greater than Jesus who can stand as my mediator so don't run away when we sin we can run through the cross because we've got a good mediator the holy one God is our mediator right so this new covenant has better promises than that of the old does the old covenant have good promises yes or no does the old covenant have good promises why are you so confused okay are there promises in the old covenant are they good that I asked in one question okay so there are good promises right wonderful promises I know the plans I have for you says the Lord I will bless you I will prosper you right and all through the scriptures in the old covenant then wonderful promises when we still use those verses and we declare it over life but in the new covenant there are better promises better than that of the old that's look at a few of them but before that let's read Hebrews chapter 8 was 6 through 18 6 through 13 let's go ahead anyone like to read it Hebrews 8 6 through 13 can I read pastor Hebrews 6 Hebrews 8 6 to 18 but now has he obtained a more excellent ministry by how much also he is the mediator of a better covenant which was established upon better promises for if that first covenant had been faultless then should no place have been sought for the second for finding fault with them he said behold the days come said the Lord when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah not according to the covenant that I made with your fathers in the day when I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt because they continued not in my covenant and I regarded them not to say the Lord for this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those they say the Lord I will put my laws into their mind into their mind and write them in their hearts and I will be to them a God and they shall be to me a people and they shall not teach every man his neighbor and every man his brother saying know the Lord for all shall know me from their least to the greatest for I will be merciful to their unrighteousness and your sins and your inequities will I remember no more in that he said a new covenant he had made with the first old now that which decayed and works at old is ready to vanish away yeah so thank you so much yeah so here the writer is writing about what you know the better promises that you and I have in the new covenant it says here in as much as he is also a bed a mediator of a better covenant with better promises and now he's talking about in verse 6 the initial part he says he obtained a more excellent ministry the Lord Jesus right the first ministry sorry the first covenant if it was perfect there was no need of a second covenant but the first covenant was not perfect and God gives the example he says even though I gave this covenant they did not obey the covenant they did not keep the covenant and I disregarded them but now what I will do is I will not write the covenant on paper like what I did for Moses I wrote the Ten Command the Ten Commandments and I gave it's no more going to be on paper I'm going to write it on your hearts right that means it's going to be the work of the Holy Spirit that will minister to people right I will write it in their hearts that they will know and understand who their God is right and so when we look at the promises of the old covenant we compare them to the new it is so wonderful the new covenant we are sons and daughters remember we talked about identity last semester we have all of that the gift of righteousness we have the gifts of the Holy Spirit greater covenants we have forgiveness of sins we have access to the Holy of Holies we are called his children we're no longer slaves there's so many promises that we have in the new covenant now is the old covenant completely something that we don't have to think about or talk about no there are things that are there in the old covenant that you know we hold on to the promises of God you know there are wonderful lessons that we can learn from people in the old covenant but you and I as new covenant we were choosing what is better right none of us will go for something that is you know imagine you run a race you get gold you win you come first prize really say no you give this person the second prize first prize I'll take second you say that you are great right they won't say that hey I want it's better gold is better than silver first place is better than second and I deserve to be here because I worked hard for it that's the thing here these better promises are nothing that we worked hard for but God is just giving it to us in his grace right next one a covenant of grace it is a work that is completed in the covenant of grace God is not asking us to do things but he is asking us to receive in faith what is the old covenant what must we do what is there in the old covenant Leviticus all the offerings we must do it there was a lot of works to be done now in the new covenant what must we do to believe in Jesus read the whole book of revelations is there something that we must do sorry and face us believe believe yes thank you Gertrude what else the answers already come we receive by faith and we don't have to do anything we can be a murderer for the last 10 years you come to Jesus you come to the cross and say Jesus please forgive me for all my sins and cleanse me I confess myself I should not have done these things when I come to the cross I receive forgiveness I don't have to do Jesus is not going and saying now what you do is you do community service for 20 years then you go to Israel and build one house there and stay there for five years and then you read the whole of Matthew to revelations and you learn at least 200 scriptures by heart then you'll come back after five years no be saying you come you'll receive if you believe in faith that means you may be a believer very good from the time you're 10 years old and this person may have been the worst person in the world but in the end both of you have the same standing before God that is called grace right the covenant of grace is sealed by the blood of Jesus it was the blood that is sprinkled before God and on you so there will be no more need of sacrifices no more need of any rituals it is a more glorious covenant meaning it is the work of the spirit 2 Corinthians chapter 3 this let's pick up a few verses from here 3 verse 7 now if the ministry that brought death which was engraved in letters on stone came with glory so that the Israelites could not look steadily at the face of Moses because of its glory though fading it was will not the ministry of the spirit be even more glorious for what was glorious sorry for what was glorious has no glory now in comparison with the surpassing glory and if what was fading away came at glory how much greater is the glory of that which lasts look at this you know the writer Paul is writing and he's saying he's bringing a comparison if you read the book of Deuteronomy Exodus and then even in Deuteronomy you see that Moses went up the mountain he speaks to God and he says okay go down now now when he's going down though Israelites are watching who Moses is coming down they can't see his face why because Moses has been in God's presence for so long the glory of God is on his face so the people of Israel say you cover your face when you're talking to us because we cannot see your face the glory of God is upon you now that is the old covenant Paul is writing and saying that was a fading glory meaning it was just there for some time if we don't see an account wherever Moses went he had a veil and he was walking no it wasn't that just that fading that moment right but it was a glory which the Israelites said we cannot see how much more is the glory of the new covenant the work of the Spirit in our lives right and he goes on in the same verse he says verse 17 now the Lord is Spirit and where the Spirit of the Lord is there is freedom and we who with unveiled faces all reflect the Lord's glory we will all reflect the Lord's glory in the new covenant when we spend time in prayer when we spend time in worship God's glory comes upon us and the scene on our face right the new covenant the sign and seal of the new covenant is new birth and circumcision of the heart what was the seal of the covenant in the old in the old covenant any seal that we learned about what was the sign and a seal of the old covenant remember we talked about it right circumcision yes right see when you're when you're studying the word no use your imagination think even as you're listening or you're reading right you picture what it is so the moment I say sign what is the sign of the old covenant what do God tell Abraham you come out of your tent you look up at the stars that is a sign that you will have descendants as many as the stars in the sky and I will make a covenant with you I'm establishing the covenant remember what God did he made Abraham go to sleep and he he walked in between those pieces of flesh then he said circumcise the first male child as a sign of the covenant now what is the sign of the new covenant is we are in a new creation there's a circumcision in the heart right now how do you know you're a believer how do you know you're a believer if if you are living in the old covenant and you're a male child how do you know you're a Jew there is a light how do you know is there a sign circumcision right right and so there's a sign there but in the new covenant after becoming believer what is your sign you can't put one cross here and walk around everywhere or you can't wear and chain with that cross that's no no use the devil is not scared of that cross under if you don't know what it means right what is the sign of a new you become a believer the Holy Spirit living inside of you yeah the sign of the new believer is a new birth second Corinthians 5 17 if anyone is in Christ is a new creation new birth the old person has gone away that's your sign but there's no physical sign like how in the old covenant circumcision of the heart the same person may have had what cruel bad you know heart or heart of evil and deceit but now that heart is changed completely and this heart is loving Jesus he's saying I will walk with Jesus I will obey the word of God I will learn to honor God in my life same person heart is changed that's why in the book of Jeremiah he says right I will remove that heart of stone and be your heart of flesh talking about what's going to happen on the new covenant so you and I we have this the circumcision of the heart the sign of the new covenant is the Lord's table when we when you and I partake in the Lord's table what are we doing we are identifying with a death burial and the resurrection of our Lord Jesus Christ where we're identifying that this body is the is the body of Jesus we remember the cross that that grape juice is made from anywhere right any shop but the moment we identify that we say Lord this is your blood we're identifying with his resurrection power for what he did on the cross because Jesus said this is my blood so is the power in the juice the grape juice we can take water we can take anything any soda also you can take but what it is is the cross you're identifying with the cross you're saying this is the cross this is what the cross has done for me and the power of his resurrection flows in us we get a new identity in Christ there's water baptism again Romans talks about the reversal right he talks about the reversal of what happens it's Romans Romans 6 5 and 6 right it's a reversal that you know why what Adam brought into this world Jesus gave and he changed it so when you and I are water baptized we are we when we go into the water and come out we come out we are new person right the new covenant includes the covenant with Abraham now just because you know Abraham the old covenant is obsolete doesn't mean it doesn't work right now why did Paul get angry with the Galatians apostle Paul what were they trying to do they're believing in Jesus now they become believers but they're going and getting circumcised why did Paul get so angry but in many places Paul is talking about the old covenant also the reason is here in the new covenant remember that in Deuteronomy when God gave the blessings to Abraham all those blessings are included I will bless you when you wake up bless shall be the fruit of your womb you shall be the head and not the tail and there's whole list of blessings all of that is included in the new covenant it's not like that's not there no it's there so there's some things that we don't include we don't have to find any goat any many goats here we don't have to find them and you know sacrifice to Jesus or in the temple and all of that you don't have to do that but there are there are covenants in the old that you and I are part of part of the old covenant God gave the covenant of circumcision to Abraham but we don't need to get circumcised we're part of the blessings of the old covenant the Abrahamic covenant right the new covenant temple and the ark of the covenant what is in Hebrews 8 it talks about it beautifully Hebrews 8 talks about a comparison of the old and the new heavens the high priest of a new covenant okay we'll just pick up a few verses from here so that we get an idea of what we're talking about here right Hebrews chapter 8 and the new covenant temple and the ark of the covenant right so I'm just going to read a few verses Hebrews 8 the point of what we are saying is this we do not have such a high priest who sat down sorry we do have such a high priest who sat down at the right hand of the throne of the majesty in heaven and who serves in the sanctuary the true tabernacle set up by the Lord and not by man already there's a difference made here so the writer is saying now when Jesus died he didn't come to an earthly tabernacle he didn't go to Jerusalem find the temple there and you know do the you know pour the blood on the earthly temple but he poured the blood in the true heavenly temple okay every high priest is appointed to offer both gifts and sacrifices and so it was necessary for this one also to have something to offer if he were on earth he would have not he would not be a priest for there are already men who offer gifts prescribed by the Lord so go back to verse 6 but the ministry Jesus received is as superior to theirs as the covenant of which he's the mediator is superior to the old one and it is founded on better promises for if he had been nothing if there had been nothing wrong with the first covenant no place would have been sought for another but God found fault with the people okay now go to chapter 9 if you look read chapter 9 right he's talking about the earthly tabernacle chapter 9 first about 10 verses are the you know the earthly tabernacle then you go to chapter 11 verse 11 sorry chapter 9 verse 11 11 or go to 12 he did not enter by the means of blood of goats and calves but he entered the holy place once for all by his own blood having obtained eternal redemption the blood of goats and bulls and ashes of a high first sprinkled on those who are ceremoniously clean sanctified them so that they are outwardly clean how much more than will the blood of Christ who through the eternal Spirit offered himself unblemished to God to cleanse our consciousness from acts that led to death so that we may serve the living God right verse same chapter verse 24 for Christ did not enter a man-made sanctuary that was only a copy of the true one he entered heaven itself now to appear for us into God's presence you see that so there's a difference now in the old in the old covenant it was an earthly tabernacle a copy of that of the heavenly when Jesus went in he went into the heavenly tabernacles once for all making sacrifice right and we can practice this new covenant we have spiritual sacrifices meaning the Bible says that we bring a sacrifice of praise unto the house of the Lord so when you and I are praying worship when we declare God's word these are sacrifices made unto the Lord when we give thanks the sacrifice made unto the Lord and Jesus is inviting us to this place of intimacy so you and I he's calling us he's saying I made a better covenant the cross is a better covenant don't go back to that of the old there are promises that you can use but the new covenant is greater than that of the old right now let's look at the old in the new covenant contrasted what is the meaning of contrasted you put both together the old and new and you look at the difference what are some of the difference okay when using the term old covenant we are referring especially to the covenant given through Moses and the people of Israel right so the old was given through Moses the new was given through Christ right now in the old covenant you know God God gave the covenant to Moses right he wrote the covenant and he gave it 10 commandments okay you follow this and then later on many other commandments were added to that but the old was given through Moses which was again handed over to the people of Israel the new covenant is given through Christ John 1 17 says that the old for the law was given through Moses but grace and truth came through Jesus Christ the old covenant was given for the people of Israel the new covenant was given for all of us all of us enjoy the benefits of the new covenant we don't have we can be we can be from any nation any background any culture it can be rich poor it doesn't matter everyone are accepted the old covenant was based on law you do this you obey the law blessings will follow you in the new covenant it is based on grace that means you're basing what you're doing on the cross of Jesus Christ right sometimes we say no hey by God's grace I got into this job by God's grace I completed my degree you don't say by the covenant of Moses I completed my degree no God's grace the old is based on law you do you will get but sure even if you don't do God's grace is upon us you see the difference but we must also learn how to you know rightly divide the word of God doesn't mean if I'm living in grace that I don't do anything and God's grace will keep being upon me that's not how it works right Jesus walked in grace did he say okay 12 people come to me or did he go and find the 12 he did the work right did Jesus say all the miracles that I have to do when it happened around here only he went he did so yes there is grace but there are things we have to do grace is not a place of you know where we can just say do whatever we want to do the best example would be if we if we sin right I don't have to go cut an animal and do all of all I have to do is go to Jesus and his grace because of his grace I made clean nothing that I did all I did was wrong all I did was sin his grace so the new covenant is based on grace now the problem with this is people have taken this word grace and overused it and used it the wrong way right they say okay God's grace is there now I'll sin I'll go back and ask God for forgiveness Jesus will forgive me but at this moment I have to do it what's what's happening there they're using Jesus as somebody who's in our pocket to take grace and use it then when we don't need it we put it back inside and when we need it that's not how grace works right there's a wonderful passage in same in Hebrews chapter 10 and verse 26 and this will give you a perfect example of you know what we must not do right so it says Hebrews 10 26 if we deliberately keep sinning after we have received the knowledge of the truth no sacrifice for sins is left so it's very clear that yes grace is available but we are not to deliberately sin the old brought guilt the new brought righteousness this is powerful right the old brought guilt now picture this a person is doing in the old covenant again now I want you to think right picture that he's going to do his sin offering or a guilt offering so in the old covenant this person goes he finds a lamb he does all that he has to do follows all the rules and regulations he does the sacrifice he goes to the temple he does the sacrifice the high priest helps him out everything is done but when he goes back home that guilt is still there yes his conscience is still not clear I did this wrong but he did all the offering everything guilt offering sin offering whatever offering I've done it but that guilt is still there it is inside that's because that's the old covenant but in the new covenant when we sin and we go to the cross the gift of righteousness comes into effect Jesus says you are righteous before me so you have a right standing before God so there's no more guilt no more shame everything is removed because of righteousness that is not there in the old test old covenant that's there in the new covenant we don't have to live in guilt we're free from guilt shame condemnation all we have to do is say I am the righteousness of God and so right now I know I've done something wrong but when Jesus sees me he sees me as clean it's a right standing before God okay the old was the letter of law the new has the law written in our hearts we talked about it right old was on paper on tablets of stone was written but the new covenant is written on our hearts you know Jesus didn't tell his disciples who write about all of this they wrote about it the apostle Paul wrote inspired by the Holy Spirit and when you and I read the scriptures and we read these the new covenant it is engraved in our spirit it is in our spirit nobody can take it out you take this Bible okay and you you know you you just remember this this example let me use this example in the 19 I think the early 1950s 1960s there was this book written called God Smuggler to China there was a man who smuggled Bibles into China because China was a communist country and they were not allowed to have Bibles but he smuggled Bibles into China right and many of them were you know they had underground churches and all but many of them were caught that they were put into prison so the moment they were in prison all the Bibles were taken away right but what's happened is in prison they've taken the Bibles but they are the word is in their spirit they are able to pray they're able to declare the word they've they've learned the Bible verses so even though the Bible is not there the physical Bible the word was in them right and and there are a couple of interviews that I've seen when they asked them how did you survive in the prison in China like with no Bible nothing no I remember the verses I remember the word that I read so I kept declaring those words because written in my heart you can take the Bible away but you can't take out what's in my heart that's the difference the old covenant is written in stone the new covenant is written in our heart right the enemy tries to come and steal the word from our heart right the parable of the sower right he tries to come and steal the word from our heart because he knows if the word is planted well in our heart we will have a fruitful life we will overcome the works of the enemy so the old was written as a letter of law the new is in our heart so I want to encourage you remember this right I was just sharing this again when I was in Bible college I bought a book right 200 pages notebook and I began to write down verses all the verses that I like verses of healing verses of power verses of faith verses of deliverance so all of them maybe about 300 odd verses I keep saying it keep reading it so now the moment you know a challenge comes difficulty in life whether personal or ministry the first thing that comes to my mind is when the enemy comes in like a flood the spirit of the Lord will raise a standard against it now I may be somewhere I don't have to search for my Bible it's written in the heart that's the power of the new covenant right when we speak the word we'll see it happening okay the old is based on human effort the new is based on empowering by the Holy Spirit right the old one the old covenant we see a lot of human effort do this do this do this do this but in the new it is based on faith in Christ the old bought bond bondage but the new brings liberty the old was served by earthly priests and the new the new one has a heavenly high priest who is our heavenly high priest what is the work of the high priest make inter what make make intercession for us that's what jesus is right in the old covenant priests would come they will die a new priest will come another high priest another high priest generation after generation but this is a high priest who will never die he's our eternal high priest till the end of time jesus is making intercession do you understand what jesus's role is in heaven right now everyone you understand yes or no yes he's making intercession for us basically he's telling the father father this is my son this is my daughter he's going through a difficult time he's going through sickness the sickness is eating him up or he's not able to do anything he's going through this problem or it could be a boy is feeling suicidal or addicted to drugs so what is jesus doing he's making intercession he's looking at the father and he's saying father i know this boy i know that you know he's taken the wrong steps he's doing the wrong thing he's you know the enemy has enticed him but i'm making intercession on his behalf and you remember the blood that was shed you remember this blood that i shed on the cross so i'm making intercession for him that's what jesus is doing for you and me right he's making intercession for us now sometimes what i do in my prayer i say jesus please can you just talk to the father i just picture it because i like to picture things when i read right i just picture the father the son but jesus also is able to just picture him being the high priest i say jesus i'm not able to pray please help me and he's there and he sends the holy spirit holy spirit will help you paul you just start praying i will help you he's making intercession for us this morning i woke up very early in the morning sitting for prayer i'm falling asleep said no i'm not able to pray because i i could just picture that jesus saying i'm sending the holy spirit he's there with you you just speak he'll help you next thing i know open my eyes it's more than one and a half hours right that's what he's doing let's take a break we'll come back


Life on the Red Horse Ranch has made some sort of discovery with the assistance of his wonderful Roan horse which leads him to believe that there's oil to be found on the Red Horse Ranch. He confided his belief in the boys but made them promise not to tell either Mr. Carter or Rose. He refused to explain what sort of discovery he had made. Let's join Rose and Mr. Carter as they're riding across the range of the Red Horse Ranch. I'd like some we've had on this Red Horse Ranch after our trouble with the cattle rushers this year. Only a few had a cattle left. Oh don't worry dad. Gee it's a beautiful day. I just feel as though everything's going to be all right now. Well I don't know daughter. Your old dad feels mighty helpless. He ain't even so much as move my own herd off the ranch with a sheriff ready to serve an attachment against it. But dad haven't you noticed why even the boys are happy today but they don't act as all of all their hopes gone. Easy Prince. No they can't keep that spirits down very long. I can hear them there now open the other side of the herd. Yes I hear them too. They're singing as usual. Yes nothing much left for them to do as I can see yet they stay right here in this ranch with no ideas where the next phase are coming from. Oh don't feel that way dad. Come on let's ride over and join the boys. They seem to be having such a good time. Get up Prince. All right Ro. Buttons of paint. Ro's and Mr. Carter. Yes we don't mind. Drop your horse's reins there.  Well I don't reckon it is dad but the cattle don't seem to mind. The only thing these cows don't like is Arizona singing. Well when the sheriff gets his attachment served on this herd he can sing to him all he likes.  Please go ahead. It ain't going to be so long now that rodeo and Dan Fett is going to walk away with the otters up there too. Say Alibam you can enter red in the races can't you. You bet I can Ro's and red will show him too. Oh I know. I'll find out just when that rodeo's to be when I ride into town. What's that Alibam you're riding to Danville. Yes I thought I'd ride in tomorrow or the next day as long as there isn't anything doing around here. Alibam I expect you to stay here with the herd while it's here while it's still in my name we've got to do everything we can to save what's left. Yes I know Mr. Carter but the rest of the boys. I think dad's right Alibam. Why do you want to go to Danville now. Well I just thought I might get a letter. I didn't know you. I figured the rest of us can watch this little herd of cows till Alibam gets back dad. Go and keep the sheriff away. Well I know I shouldn't say anything now as loyal as you've all been to me just as you say Alibam. Well thanks Mr. Carter it's mighty important to me just now. Well Alibam as long as you're going why couldn't I ride with you. Well I just kind of don't tend to put in me going in this time Rose if you don't mind. Oh of course if you don't want me. Oh it ain't that Rose it's just that well I'll have to explain it to you later. Oh you don't have to explain anything to me Alibam. Come on dad I think we'd better be going. But Rose I want to say bye boys come on Prince let's go. Sure Well look like you've got yourself in touch with the boss's daughter Alibam. Yeah I didn't think that was gonna happen. Did you say something about a letter in Danville Alibam. I reckon I did Idaho a mighty important letter a little other business too. It ain't got anything to do with what you told us the other night has it about your thinking there's oil on this Red Horse Ranch. Well Idaho if you don't mind I'd rather not say any more about that till I'm right sure. I'll be hanged if I know why I stay around this lot like I do. Seems like everybody's gone local.  I'd better be wandering on back to the house Carter's gonna have a lot of questions to ask me. Some of the rest of us will be in before long Alibam. All right. We'll be seeing you. Alibam. Yeah Idaho. You don't mind too much what I said. No you go ahead and remember we're all with you whatever you've got up your sleeve. Well thanks Idaho but listen boys don't breathe a word to Carter or Rose or anyone about me thinking there's oil to be found on the Red Horse Ranch. I'm finding out for sure before I say any more. And Jennifer you better come along in with me. We'll be riding for Danville tomorrow morning. You still think that's a thing to do Alibam. Yeah Idaho I got a feeling that we are going to learn something that's mighty important to us all. Alibam seems to be pretty sure he'll learn more about Bradford when he rides to Danville doesn't he. We'll want to know what this is. So let's be sure to listen.


There comes a time in every fight when doubt creeps in. Before the People Act. Before the People Act. Before the People Act. It has been defeated tonight. Before the People Act fell on its face. When the odds are stacked against you. Over 250 voter suppression bills are made in 43 states. When everything you believe in is on the ropes. And you feel like giving up. But you don't. You remember what we're fighting for. Who we're fighting for. And you know. You got this. Because. We got this. Hey about that voting rights bill. Voting rights act is not dead. It's not dead yet. Democracy is worth fighting for. Come on America. Let's go.


Welcome everybody. We'll have a talk by Alexander Savio about brain imaging in Python. Please welcome Alexander. Thank you, thank you everyone for coming. Good morning. I'm Alexander Savio. I work in the clinic called HESDA ESA in Munich. The outline of the talk is going to be first I'm going to introduce the NIPI tools for neuroimaging. I'm going to give a brief introduction to most of them. Then I'm going to explain a bit of what is functional MRI. I'm going to explain a bit of the public database that's available to do this kind of experiments and I'm going to show a bit how you can preprocess fMRI with the NIPI tools. So NIPI is the name of a community. It's a community of people that do neuroimaging and neuroscience with Python. It's also a module. There's also a module called NIPI. If you go to NIPI.org you have a nice list of the modules available for neuroimaging. So the first one I would say is NIPI Babel which allows you to open different types of neuroimaging file formats. So you have IO functions for analyze, gifty, nifty. So these are these are different types of neuroimaging files. Then you have NIPI which is a set of tools to process anatomical and functional MRI images. Then there's NIPI which is a tool that allows you to define pipelines to process neuroimages. It provides a common interface to many other tools available elsewhere. So usually people do neuroimaging through command line or MATLAB and NIPI allows you to put all these tools together. So it's very handy. Then there's NITIME which has many algorithms for time series analysis. And DIPI which is to process a diffusion imaging. So when you see these images of fiber tracts of the brain, it's with a diffusion. So this is a nice model to process this kind of data. And then you have Nelearn which is I think the newest module which is done by the keynote speaker of this morning. So it provides fast and easy methods to do statistics with neuroimaging and it uses scikit-learn. So what is functional MRI? So functional MRI is uses the bold signal which is blood oxygenation level dependent and it takes so it uses the difference in magnetization of the blood flow when you have oxygen and not oxygen in the in the blood. So this allows you to more or less measure where the activity in the brain is going on because neuron activity needs oxygen to work. So yeah, this has some problems but it works. So the idea is that you acquire one whole volume. So the idea is that you acquire one whole volume each time and you have usually you take every two seconds, you take one whole volume of the brain and the functional image is a time series of volumes of brain volumes. And so well there is an international neuroimaging data sharing initiative which has many interesting databases with different sets of patients. So you have patients with schizophrenia, Alzheimer's, autism and well they are they not all of them have fMRI but most of them and you just you can download them and start playing with this kind of images. So I'm going to show a bit of how resting state of MRI is preprocessed. So here I have a nifty file, this is the extension of a zipped nifty file. So I use a nibubble to load this image. So I use the nib load function and this is this is the image data with some headers. So the header is necessary to put the brain in the correct coordinate system. Well here's a more clean list of the header. This is the long list. You have for example the type of each voxel, the first three dimensions, the temporal dimension so this is 240 volumes of this size and here it says that each voxel has three millimeters so it's three by three by three point six and so on. So this image object has a get data function which stores the this volume from the from the image from the from the file. So this this is a NumPy array and it has the shape that we saw before in the header file. So I learned apart from the statistics part it has a very nice has some very nice plotting tools that they work very well with the with the ipython notebook. So I import the plotting submodule. I use the index image function to to pick the first volume of the of the resting resting image and I use this plot anet function just to show you the for how is the first volume of the functional image. I tried to plot the whole time series in a loop but I couldn't do it with matplotlib. I heard I could use bokeh but well I'm using a tool that I work daily with and here this is the the loop of the functional image. As you can see there's a bit of movement there's a bit so there's a bit of noise so this image before doing any statistics with it I need to to correct for motion for slice timing and smooth it so I'm going to show a little bit about about these steps. So slice timing and motion correction is the first step for for this this type of images. Usually you need to know what was the the slice order of the acquisition so for each volume the scanner acquired it acquires one slice per moment so the slices have different times and since this is a a time related data you need to you need to shift these slices in the correct order to make this this image look look better and so this is dependent on the scanner so for example you can get for this type of image the slice order is like this so it's alternating so first it does the even the odd the odd slices and then the even ones and it alternates so why to to do this motion correction I I'm using here NYPY it has in this long sub module you have the space time realign class that allows you to to do motion correction and slice timing correction so here here I I create an instance of this object of this class I give the my functional image I say the repetition time which is also a scanning parameter so this means that is two seconds for each volume. Slice time is is a is the name of a function to to say what is the slice order to acquire to acquire each slice so the so this class is going to search for the the function and apply to to the image in order to to build the slice order the slice order list to perform the correction so I run this and well in this case it takes around 10 minutes I could use also job lip to cache these the result of this this is a very nice tool to job lip is is something very used in neuroscience to to store the the steps that this that are performed in an experiment so when I so when this this process finishes I get the a result which has the same shape as before but now it's it looks better so I save it I use a NYPY save image to to save this in in this path and well I could well let so first I'm going to I'm going to check the transformation that was performed so real liner is my feet the feet class where I that I used to to correct the image and I picked the trans the transformations and for each transformation I only I'm only picking the translation part of the transformation so it's an affine transformation yes so here I'm only using the I'm going to plot the translations so I have for each dimension XYZ I have the translation that was applied to each volume of the of the resting state image so this is the the affine function the affine matrix of the first transformation okay well and let's check how it looks like now so well it's not very easy to see the differences but if you check on the top top right there you'll see that there's much less movement than before well you have you have trust me well with fmri there are many paradigms in fact in the in the public data sets I showed you before there you have you have task fmri where you you put the subject in the scanner and you ask you ask this the subject to perform different tasks and you get different signals depending on the task and you can do statistics to see what areas are activating according to the to these tasks but also but also a very well so this is another paradigm is resting state fmri which you just leave the patient inside the scanner you ask them to not think in anything and and you filter the image to only measure a low frequency signal in order to see how the brain is working in rest so with this kind of of measures you can you can do some diagnosis it's a so it's a very interesting modality to to work with I'm going to talk a bit about connectivity later so the first thing you have to do with this kind of with this kind of images you have to do a band pass filter you have to filter it with free with a low pass filter of 0.08 Hertz and a high pass frequency of 0.01 I have this function here I I think I imported it from well I copied it from NiPype which is something I'm not showing how to use here so I just copied the the code of the function to show you but too complex for for now so I apply this function to my to my realigned motion corrected functional image I save it using the two file name of a function which comes with the with the with NiPype objects so this this function is returning me a nibable object object a nifty image and I use the two file name function to to save it it's quite quite handy and now let's look how it let's see how it looks now so it's a much messier but you see you see some uh low well it's a low frequency noise there uh no not noise it's activity I threw that the I could mask this uh the brain area to to get only the the voxels that are from the brain and well this is so you can see well you cannot see something happening here but this is how how these images look like when in the in the middle of the process so um Nylern allows you to to calculate brain masks and it has a this compute EPI mask to to calculate brain mask from the from fMRI and well it does quite a a good job if you have a clean a clean image you can also so here I use um to just to check I use so the plotting Nylern and to to add the the the brain mask as edge here in the over the first volume of the resting state image so another thing that we can do is to use the anatomical image so usually when you do functional MRI you also acquire an anatomical image it's also called T1 weighted or MP rage and it it's the MRI modality that gives you the best resolution and tissue contrast so it allows you to do anatomical segmentation from the brain and you can use that information over the functional image so for example I'm showing here um um an anatomical image from the Cobra data set and um I would have to register this image to the functional image to to um to work uh with the segmentation that I do here in the functional image and there are some registration algorithms um with NIPI NIPI tools but I use other other tools from well they run in Matlab but um another step important step is is smoothing since the these images are so noisy it's important to do to smooth smooth them and well Nylern gives you a very nice function it's called a smooth image and you can um so this you give the file so this is the motion corrected uh filtered image and you give the the full width half maximum so it's the size of the the kernel to to do the smoothing in millimeters and now let's see how the smoothing the smooth image looks like so it's black and well sometimes it happens I'm going to change the contrast and now it looks a little bit better and you can see uh the the function so it's a rest the the resting state part of the functional image so connectivity analysis so connectivity analysis is when you pick this filtered smooth functional image and you select different regions usually different anatomical images you extract the signal of each of these regions and you calculate the covariance between this these regions so a covariance of the resting state data between these regions and for that you usually need a brain atlas so an atlas gives you regions in the brain that are anatomical or functional um relevant so Nylern in the data sets uh super module has for example the fetch atlas hardware dock forward function which allows you to to get a nice a nice um atlas so down there i'm showing the regions of these atlas and you can use each of these regions to to perform connectivity analysis um so Nylern is a very nice it's very well documented tool um so so uh it uses scikit learn uh to perform the covariance measure and uh here here is um here's a connectivity matrix so in each in each uh pixel of the image you have a covariance measure between the different regions every other region of the of the brain of the atlas that you chose and uh it also has a a tool to plot the the connections between the regions so this is very used to to to compare different types of patients um subjects in different uh states so there's another very interesting thing about a resting state is that it was it has been discovered that uh the brain during rest uh it has connected regions that work uh when you're resting so these are these are the most the most uh famous ones um people are still uh doing research over this this kind of um this kind of uh knowledge and um so these are different areas of the the brain that are known to work together when you are resting and you can use this for example as well to to to check how well it works in patients with Alzheimer's uh and other neurodegenerative diseases so with Nylern the composition uh you can perform um ICA which is independent component analysis um they have a it's called canonical ICA and also dict learning and you can use this to extract these resting state uh components of the functional image so yeah this didn't work but um so for so how I do it I import from Nylern the composition dict learning I have to set the number of components I want to extract from the from the resting state image so basically this well um so these are the most significant uh uh components of the of the of the whole volume of the whole resting state volume and you can also so apply this to your data and you get the components uh so here there's a very nice example from Nylern so this is uh once I I extract this these components I plot um I plot them over a template and these are the areas where this component is present so I get different um these different resting state networks so well um I I'm using nipype a lot um I'm I'm I'm building a model that's called pipes which has many of these tools that I showed you showed you they are easy to use with a big data set so you can configure pipes to run over your data set and it has it has workflows to different types of images and uh yeah that's that's that's all if you have any question you need any help with this kind of analysis please come to me I'm happy to help thank you thank you excellent do you have any questions thank you for your talk I have a couple of questions um you showed at the middle of the talk some algorithms to smooth images and stuff like that I wanted to know if there's something specific about brain images that for instance can go to scikit image or other like more generic image processing libraries and the other one is that I've heard that matlab for instance is very used to do image processing and I would like to know how does all these tools compare to commercial alternatives okay so the first so there there is some of the specifics of this type of of images regarding other norm so for example brain doing brain image with scikit learn scikit image sorry so for example for a diffusion image you need very specific models to fit to your data for functional image you could so scikit image is not really prepared for for the I mean you can do it but for example you are working with chunks for so for example to do a smoothing if you run smoothing with scikit image for example a smoothing you need to know the voxel size because I'm working in millimeters for example yeah there are some specificities that with scikit image is not it's not it wouldn't be practical and so yeah matlab is very used there there are other tools that are uh command line based from different universities the thing is that if you want to work with this I mean basically you are doing research basically and you need to publish so so if you want to publish you have to use a tool that everybody knows otherwise they are going you are going to get a lot of critics from the reviewers yeah so for example there's a very nice tool from University College London which is called statistical parametric mapping which works totally on matlab it has a GUI so it's easy to use the good thing is that for example nypipe has an interface for most of the useful things that SPM offers and yeah there's there are many is another world there's a lot of tools available to do this most of them are public yeah other questions I was wondering how medical research software development and data algorithmic development go on kind of I mean who goes first what's the relation of the I mean I guess there are different of course different professionalities and teams but how do they interact who drive the things forward how everyone can do his own thing and push it to the other how does it work does it work does it work so yeah it's a multidisciplinary field where you have physicists mathematicians you have psychologists you have medical doctors you have computer scientists so it depends on the application I would say if you want to do if you are in a lab where they do psychology tests psychologist experiments mostly is a psycho as a could be a physiologist who is leading the the ideas or psychologists medical doctors are there to to check whether your your data is saying something to them because they are the ones that know about the diseases the brain of course in the end I have to I'm a computer scientist and I have to learn a bit of brain anatomy understand a bit the diseases as well but most I would say computer scientists are the are the in the bottom of thank you for the talk actually I was wondering why in these particular fields you need so many tools so in the beginning of the talk you showed us different tools what all of them are in python that's gorgeous but why so many so yeah so m the mr scanner is a very flexible tool you can set you can configure it to run different types of measures from the brain and each of these measures they are they are one whole field of research on its own so you have diffusion you have functional you have anatomical imaging so all these fields they are so all these modalities they are they have different types of analysis processes thanks for your talk difficult to talk about computer science and neuroscience in one slot I'm wondering if you guys have any training and if there is training if you guys have developed any training specifically for scientists to get involved in this rather than computer scientists who are trying to learn the science so to speak well I have been well I tried in May I'm doing a software carbon trees and I included a night pipe a night pipe tutorial one so half a day of night pipe and people enjoyed it so because mostly because they know the tools that are under it so the matlab tools the common line tools so I wanted to show them how to use night pipe because it's very useful for now that's it I mean I'm not paid to run a software carpentry or in fact I had to get some holidays but yeah it's something I enjoy doing if there are no more questions I have one you mentioned a necklace of connectivity of brain activity what does what do the the entries in this atlas represent exactly is it a special action that the body does so there is an atlas of brain connectivity brain activity yes if we take an entry in this atlas like it is it would be if I understand well some regions of the brain which would be active at the same moment yes so it's a yeah so it's how the different areas work together when when the so for example in connectivity in resting state connectivity you are measuring how synchronized are these regions okay and then what does that represent can you ensure that the body is doing a special movement or no it's resting so the subject is quiet in the scanner but you can you can see for example how how in Alzheimer's disease patients some areas they are not they are disconnected or the connection is different or lower yeah okay thank you thank you still one question so the last one have you had your brain scanned many times did it look familiar or it looks fine so I do have I do have it here so that is one of my brain scans so this this is me inside and outside thank you very much alexander


Lesson 318. In me, salvation's means and end are one. In me, God's Holy Son, are reconciled all parts of heaven's plan to save the world. What could conflict when all the parts have but one purpose and one aim? How could there be a single part that stands alone, or one of more or less importance than the rest? I am the means by which God's Son is saved, because salvation's purpose is to find the sinlessness that God has placed in me. I was created as the thing I seek. I am the goal the world is searching for. I am God's Son, His one eternal love. I am salvation's means and end as well. Let me today, my Father, take the role you offer me in your request that I accept atonement for myself. For thus does what is thereby reconciled in me become as surely reconciled to you.


Ni Hao, I'm going to practice my Chinese. I'm really excited to be back in the industry representing Huawei. Huawei has actually been very gracious, the network for you, and gracious and warm and welcoming me into their business unit as well as into their homes. My role in Huawei is actually to help continue the journey with Huawei in advancing SDNNFE principles, creating new business value and so forth, and actually to contribute back into the community. The goal, of course, is to help us accelerate creating new services in the industry, as well as putting it in a cost-efficient manner. I want to thank actually my partner in China, Bill Ren, and his colleague, Ben Yang, in actually helping me create this talk. So where are we today? As you can tell on this graph that everyone's familiar with is we're actually at the open network ecosystem is actually at the height of exuberance. Unfortunately, the business challenges are revenues and so forth are not quite there yet. The ecosystem isn't mature and the business models have not caught up to this exuberant level. We're still at the chasm before the chasm and trying to create rapid revenue growth. The SDN control arena, as everyone's familiar with, is actually pretty much productized. Products are getting rolled out and hopefully we're now in a product life cycle where we can actually now get into the increasing of revenue growth. But our real challenge is a healthy community. A healthy community where users and carriers and vendors actually participate well together. Three areas, what's the role of the community? The community to basically work a common framework. The users bringing in real use cases that are going to go into production and vendors creating high quality products and end-to-end solutions. So I like to take each one of these on their own. So what's the community role? So as a lot of people know, I actually was part of the inception of a lot of the SDNNV principles here. And I am really amazed at how far we have come. The few of us, think about it, just a handful of us started this. Actually, we were in the Orange offices in San Francisco, whatever number of years ago, I've lost track, just trying to figure out how do we get the industry focused on NFE. And so that's where we created the inception of Etsy ISG NFE. And it's just amazing, based on the long nights, the constant discussions or fights and the actual exchanging of ideas, rearranging ideas, rearranging architectures to basically get to where we are today. And a lot of the things that you've seen getting deployed, a lot of the open source organizations getting created are actually a lot of the ideas started, I think, from the Etsy ISG NFE organization we started. So we've done a lot. We've accomplished a lot. But we still have a lot of challenges today. We still have too many similar projects in different domains. We didn't have a single common intent framework with closely controlled last year. But in 2017, as you can tell, things have changed. I think we've learned a lot through the different participations. We might have taken a little bit longer than what we should have before, but at least we're learning. OP NFE basically has a role now that's becoming more of an integrator, CICD type of environment. Open O and Open ECOMP have merged into ONAP. So now we have an intent framework with closely controlled. And actually, we also now have DBDK and ODP Converging. And that, again, is another example of just a few of us. I mean, it's like maybe three of us starting this, where we got ODP and DBDK to converge and work with each other. And so now we have Venki from Mintel and Bob Monkman from ARM actually working together, which a few of us would know that was a great feat right there. So we look forward to actually, as we start implementing more and more of these different open source pieces and components, we look forward to more consolidation. Cuz I think it's obvious there's certain areas that need to consolidate more. And of course, Huawei is actually gonna be collaborating and working with the industry and helping us get more efficient. So what's the operator's role? So the operator's role is to bring real use cases to the community. That they are gonna put in production. It is critical that we go beyond slide where, beyond live trials into production. We need to focus on intense solutions versus just technology, which solve real business needs, creating new services, and obviously providing new revenues. We need to do it much more quickly than what's happening today. We need to go from field trial to production much more quickly. The faster we move into production, I personally believe that the faster the open source consortiums will be more effective and useful, and I believe faster innovation. So Guru's talk yesterday, or yesterday, Monday, was actually very telling. Basically he said there was a major resource gap and a misalignment of incentives which is slowing our progress. In the end, sort of quoting Sandra Rivera's comment from yesterday, show me the money. That's basically where we're at. We need to bring in value to our businesses, whether we're carers or whether we're vendors that actually bring in revenues to actually support this ecosystem. So that's probably the critical message I think for 2017. What's the vendor's role? To deliver high quality products and intense solutions. So in Huawei we actually have been building our agile controller, this is our resting controller, based on the best and breed of open source pieces from Onus and ODL. We have actually built a lot of our different controllers, our domain controllers using the term that I guess I created a while ago, based on different areas. So the domain controllers that we have cover things from data centers, doing cloud fabric, leaf spine, edge sites, as well as access, as well as Metro, WAN, and so forth. So our goal is to actually continue evolving these products and to hopefully within three years deploy or sell about 1,000 controllers. So we're building products today. We have a case study that actually in China Unicom, where we provided a layer three VPN on demand interconnect between China Unicom's data centers. This is based on a VPN application providing a model driven configurator which configured the two controllers, two vendors controllers. The Huawei Agile controller, MPLS controller and the another vendor's MPLS controller. So now it only was this application configuring both through a common model. But also these controllers are backing up each other. They were not just managing their own MPLS routers. They were actually managing both of the routers and so of course then they backed up each other. So finally I'd like to say I hope this talk helps you feel good about what we've accomplished because I think we've accomplished a lot. We have much more to accomplish going forward. So I encourage you to go out there, stay engaged, don't just observe, be active in the communities and participate and figure out how to bring business value to your company.  Because in the end, I think once you figure that out, you will participate more actively and make sure the open source communities are useful and effective. Thank you.