In this lecture, we will discuss arene sandwich complexes. The analogy to a sandwich is because an arene ring or a cyclic pi system is a flat is a flat object pretty much. And between two flat objects, you have a metal atom, which is sandwiched between the metal atom is sandwiched between the two flat objects. And so, we call this a sandwich complex. And one often encounters cyclopentadienyl sandwich complexes. And the next probably the most common sandwich complex is a arene complex, where you have a benzene or a benzenoid ring, which is sandwiching a metal atom. The first time, someone made a sandwich complex, although not intentionally was as early as 1919. And that is when heine mixed a Grinard reagent and chromium trichloride. And he isolated a compound that analyzed for bisbenzene chromium. Now, there are a lot of complexes, where the two arene rings or the pi layers are surrounding a metal atom. And the metal atom happens to be in the chromium metal series. And so, we will see little later why this is the case. And why it is stable when you have the chromium group metal atom in between the two sandwich slices. So, a more rational synthesis of course, emerged after the synthesis of ferrocene and analysis of its structure. Fisher realized that it is possible, it might it should be possible to make metal complexes, where a benzene ring would be used instead of the cyclopentadienyl anion, which is of course, aromatic and is having six pi electrons. So, the two systems cyclopentadienyl anion and the benzene ring should be iso lobel or similar enough to replace one another. So, the Fisher Haffner synthesis as it is called was carried out in 1955 and directed by Fisher. And it was simply a reaction in which aluminum powder and chromium trichloride were used in the presence of an aromatic ring. And that is the aromatic ring, there are some limitations will come to that. And what was formed in the reaction mixture was in fact the cationic form of the sandwich complex. So, this is the cationic form of the sandwich complex that was isolated as a l c l 4 minus salt. But then it had to be reduced, because it was in the chromium plus 1 state. It had to be reduced and this was done using any 2 s 2 o 8. And it generated a chromium 0 complex in fairly good yield. Aluminium trichloride in fact was used as a catalyst. And it also serves as a suitable way by which you can form a large anion. Very often the larger the anion, the better it is when you have a very large cation to stabilize the crystal structure. So, this is how the first Fisher Haffner synthesis was carried out. And there are some serious limitations for this Fisher Haffner synthesis. There are limitations in terms of the metal. It works for pretty much most of the metals in the transition series, but there are some surprising gaps. For example, manganese, manganese is a metal atom, which is not found in this series. And so also the vanadium series, only vanadium is a suitable candidate for a metal in this Fisher Haffner synthesis. So, you take the metal chloride M x n and then reduce it with aluminum, reduce it with aluminum in the presence of A L C L 3. So, that is the Fisher Haffner recipe for making a metal sandwich complex with arenes. Now, apart from the fact that you have some limitations in the metal, there are also some limitations on the type of aromatic rings that you can use for making the metallocene complexes that we are talking about. Whenever there is a substitution on the aromatic ring, if it has a lone pair, it tends to coordinate to the aluminum and it stops the A L C L 3 from functioning. And as a result you cannot use aromatic compounds, which have got lone pairs of electrons. So, that means the chloro group and the N R 2 groups cannot be used as substitutions. Any halogen or any amine cannot be used if the aromatic ring will become inactive. Now, the reason for this is given here. It is the coordination of such groups to A L C L 3. There is also another set of compounds, which will stop the reaction or cause complications. And that is the presence of alkyl groups on the benzene ring. Surprisingly, because this alkyl group and A L C L 3 are the right combination for doing a retro free geocrafts reaction. If you have a couple of alkyl groups, you could have isomerization reactions. So, you might end up with molecules, where you started out with meta or also and you might end up with the para substituted, the alkyl para substituted aromatic ring as the bread part of the sandwich. So, there are some limitations in terms of the Fischer-Haffner synthesis, but it is still one of the simplest and most convenient ways of generating aromatic sandwich complex, metal sandwich complex. One can imagine a reaction between an alkyne and here I have shown you an alkyne, a simple alkyne reacting with a chromium phenyl compound. That is C 6 H 5 thrice chromium reacting with this dimethyl acetylene to give you hexamethyl benzene complex to the chromium. In a sense this is a templated reaction, where in the coordination sphere of the metal which is chromium, the three dimethyl acetylenes are trimerized and you end up with the hexamethyl benzene as the aromatic ring system which is sandwiching the metal. So, you also need little bit of oxygen to carry out the reaction. It is not entirely clear how you would end up with unoxidized material, but you can readily reduce it in the presence of sodium thiosulfate to back to the chromium zero species. So, here is another rational probably a more rational way of making it, but it has got limitations because it will not work with benzene. If you have large aromatic systems which are annihilated rings, then it is well known that they stabilize electrons. You can in fact reflux sodium or lithium preferably a lower boiling lower melting alkali metal in the presence of an annihilated ring. It generates highly colored solutions, where the electron has been transferred to the aromatic ring system. So, if you have ARH as an aromatic system and lithium and you heat it, then you end up with Li complex to this ARH, where presumably the electron is in fact has been transferred from the lithium to the ARH. You can now use this as a reducing agent because it is a source of electrons and reduce metal halides. So, you take metal halides which are complex with conveniently complex with THF, you dissolve them in tetrahedra furan, then you can reduce them with this lithium salt. It is literally a solvated electron where the solvent is naphthalene right here. So, what happens is you end up with the reduced form of the metal in the presence of ARH. The reduced form of the metal is in a very reactive state and so it reacts with the aromatic ring fairly easily and generates a sandwich complex. Now, this method is most suitable for the early transition metals right next to chromium and molybdenum for which of course, the most number of sandwich complexes are known. So, you can see that reduction and substitution is also a fairly common synthetic methodology that is employed for making a variety of organometallic compounds. Anytime you need an organometallic compound, you realize that there has to be a low oxidation state metal and so you generate the low oxidation state metal using suitable reducing agent. If you have an organic ligand in the presence of this as the reaction is being carried out, you can capture the low valent metal. In this case, it is metal 0 in the presence of your organic ligand to generate the complex. So, it is not devoid of surprises. Here is a surprise which should have generated the bis naphthalene zirconium compound, but surprisingly it generates a very strange compound where you do not have an arene ring, but you have the naphthalene which is kind of lost its aromaticity in one of the rings. So, that two double bonds or a conjugated diene system is now coordinating to the zirconium. Now, one can imagine why this would have happened because if you have two naphthalenes surrounding the zirconium, you still do not have enough number of electrons and we will come to that in a moment. This can lead to an unstable situation and the formation of this trimeric tris naphthaleno zirconium. This here again zirconium is in the zero oxidation state and it has got 4 into 3, 4 pi electrons into 3. So, total of 12 electrons donated to the zirconium. Totally zirconium had 4 electrons and so this is a 16 electron complex. So, let us proceed further. The most convenient way or the most general method for making a sandwich complex between an arene ring and a metal turns out to be the co-condensation technique. The co-condensation technique very often abbreviated as CC, co-condensation technique works even when the electron count is not appropriate. So, even if you do not get an 18 electron complex by using the arene ring and the metal, you would still form a nice sandwich complex as a result of this reaction. This reaction turns out to be a reaction where you have the metal in the vapor state, the vaporized metal and the aromatic ring also as a vapor which is condensed on to the sides of the vessel. We will show a schematic diagram of it in a minute and these two are allowed to react at a very low temperature at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. This is typically liquid nitrogen temperature that is used and then one slowly warms up the reaction mixture and ends up with very nice sandwich complexes which are pictured here. So, this turns out to be an extremely general method. Here is a schematic diagram of this setup. You have a way to vaporize the metal under very high vacuum. This whole reaction vessel is kept under very high vacuum and at that temperature when you have a very high vacuum you can now pass the ligand. So, that the ligand is now coating the sides of this vessel. So, if you have a very thin film of the ligand coating the vessel and this you have done at a very low temperature. This is liquid nitrogen as I told you and a very high vacuum. You can evaporate a variety of ligands and then if you resistively heat metal like chromium then you tend to have vaporization of the metal. So, this vapor tends to go and lodge itself in the sides of the vessel and that is what will happen when you start heating this resistively. So, here you can see the red hot metal which is getting vaporized and it goes and deposits itself in the sides of the vessel which is at a very low temperature. So, now what happens is you have vapor of the metal condensing on to the sides of the vessel which already has the ligand the aromatic ligand and at that temperature when the metal has got nothing else as to satisfy its electron count to get an octet and you have only the aromatic species which is present in the medium. Then you tend to have a reaction very convenient reaction between the two which leads to the formation of sandwich complexes. Now, the interesting thing is you can even use compounds like chlorobenzene or dimethylaminobenzene as suitable substrates for this co-condensation technique because here you do not have the complication of requiring aluminum trichloride in the reaction mixture. So, you can mix the two species conveniently even if it is a very strong ligand for aluminum chloride here you can use them in the co-condensation technique and form nice sandwich complexes. Now, using the metal ligand vapor co-condensation technique you can also use ligands which are sterically constrained. Here are a couple of examples where you have the metal sandwich between two aromatic pi systems where the aromatic pi system is constrained either by an alkyl chain as we have it pictured here. You have an alkyl chain which is constraining the two pi systems or you have tertiary butyl groups. So, these are very bulky tertiary butyl groups which are present on the aromatic ring system and still you have managed to push in a chromium between the two ring systems. So, these are systems where you have difficulty in making these molecules with the traditional fissure hafness synthesis. But using the metal vapor co-condensation technique you generated the metal complex rather readily much of this work was done by one of the students of fissure who originally initiated the fissure hafness synthesis and that is Elchin Broeck who worked in Marburg and he was responsible for making a large number of metal sandwich complexes using the co-condensation technique. I mentioned that a variety of aromatic ring systems can be used. In fact, unrelated ring systems were very commonly used for these metal vapor co-condensation techniques and when there is a choice the metal tends to prefer aromatic ring rather than ring system which has got only partial aromaticity. So, here are series of ring systems where the aromaticity is more complete in the terminal rings ring and that is where the metal ends up. So, you can see that the metal prefers some of these rings which have which has got greater aromaticity than the middle ring which has got lesser aromaticity. So, this brings us to the end of the synthetic section for these molecules and now let us talk about the bonding and the structure in these molecules. Now, it turns out that the type of interaction between the metal and the benzene ring is best explained by using the molecular orbital theory or the molecular orbital framework. So, we will use that and what we are going to do is to use a technique called getting the ligand orbital ligand group orbitals and we will do that using a particular orientation of the metal and the ligand. Here I have shown you the M O treatment of the metal ligand in this particular orientation and you need to remember this orientation always if you have to understand the type of interactions that are present. The metal is present at the origin of the Cartesian coordinates. So, that will be at 0 0 0 and the two aromatic ring systems are parallel to the x y plane. So, one of them is displaced along the plus z axis and the other aromatic ring system is displaced along the minus z axis and it is parallel to the x y plane the ring system is parallel to the x y plane. So, let us take a look at the metal d orbitals refresh our memories.  So, here are the d orbitals also listed and now what we have to imagine is to imagine the presence of these orbitals at the origin of the Cartesian coordinates and then see how they will interact with the benzene ring. So, the frost energy level diagram is a convenient way of generating the various energy levels of an aromatic pi system. Now you will remember that the number of nodes has to keep increasing as you go up in energy. As you go up in energy in the frost diagram you go from 0 nodes to 1 node to 2 node to 3 node. So, even without solving the Huckel molecule orbitals you can in fact write down the various nodes that are available for benzene. Today we are going to discuss benzene and so here are the m m's of benzene a pictorial representation of the molecule orbitals of benzene. Now the pi m m's are formed if I have oriented them correctly along the x y plane the pi orbitals will be completely made up of p z orbitals. So, the p z on each carbon will be contributing to the pi molecular orbital framework of the benzene ring. So, here is a benzene lowest energy molecule orbital and that has got all six p orbitals aligned together. So, that they have the right all oriented in the same direction and in the same phase. So, that will form a very nice 0 node molecular orbital which is represented here. If you go to the next level if you go to the next higher energy level you now have a system where you have a plane a nodal plane which is cutting across the benzene ring. That is perpendicular to one another, but along the x or along the y axis. So, you would now have two molecular orbitals both of them having one node each and then the next molecular orbital will have two nodes. So, this will have two nodes and this will have three nodes and so on. So, let us proceed further. Let us take a look now at how we can match these orbitals one after the other. So, in order to do that I am going to switch the mode. I will switch the mode and show you how you can overlap these orbitals. So, here is the s orbital the 4 s orbital and if I place it in the center you can see how that it will have the right orientation to overlap with all the m all the 6 lobes of the p orbital. So, all the 6 lobes of the p orbital have the right orientation in order to overlap with the s orbital. So, the s is a suitable combination 4 s is a suitable combination and similarly the 4 p z if it is if the metal is placed at the center of the ring that also has got a suitable is a suitable combination and forms a non zero overlap with the lowest energy molecule orbital. And similarly you can in fact use the 3 d z squared orbital and that also has got the right symmetry to overlap with all the p z orbitals of the benzene ring. So, you can see that there are 3 combinations that we can make with the metal orbital and the lowest energy molecule orbital of benzene. Similarly, we can in fact overlap the p x orbital and here I have I am showing you how the p x orbital of the metal can overlap with the benzene ring orbitals. The highest occupied molecule orbital is degenerate and there are 2 in number and the benzene ring metal orbital combination that is suitable is the p x and this psi 2. We can also in the same way use the d x z. So, here I have shown you a combination of the d x z. So, if I place the metal in such a way that the d x z can now overlap with the psi 2 of the benzene ring. So, you can see that by suitable combinations of these molecular orbitals on benzene and the d orbitals and the p x orbitals you can form several molecular orbitals. This particular molecule orbital is very similar to the interactions that we showed here except that this now requires p y and the d y z. So, the d y z and the p y orbitals will be suitable for interacting with this molecular orbital. In order to show the interactions with the next set of molecular orbitals I want to change over to another view. Now, we are looking at the molecular orbitals from the top as if we are looking down the z axis. So, this is the orientation that we are using. Here is the y axis and here is the x axis. Now, my benzene rings are in the plane of the screen. So, these are the same molecular orbitals that we looked at earlier. Now, it is just that it is shown in a different color. Nevertheless, it helps you to imagine how psi 3 can interact with these molecular orbitals right here. So, here is a suitable combination. You can see this overlap is perfect when you have psi 3 and the d x y orbital. The d x squared minus y squared and the d x squared minus y squared orbital is suitable for overlap like this. So, you can see that psi 3 and this is psi 4, psi 4 and psi 5 have got suitable combinations with the d x squared minus y squared and the d x y orbitals. Now, you will also notice that these metal d orbitals are in the x y plane. So, they are in the x y plane and so the benzene ring is also parallel to the x y plane. So, these are weak interactions that are happening between the metal d orbitals and the pi orbitals of the benzene because although the pi orbitals of benzene are pointed towards the metal, the d orbitals are in the same plane that is in the x y plane. So, you can see very clearly that the type of interactions that you have between the metal and the pi orbitals of benzene can be visualized by using a simple overlapping scheme like this. This leads us to draw a molecule orbital scheme where you have interaction between the metal orbitals and the pi systems of the benzene. As I mentioned in the case of metallocenes, one should remember that there are in fact two benzene rings and they can be combined in two different fashions. In one fashion, you would have the lobes, the same faced lobes of the benzene ring pointing in the same direction. So, this is the orientation where they are pointed in the same direction and so the clear lobes of the P z are pointed towards the shaded lobes of the P z. So, this is suitable for combining with the P z because I can place the metal P z orbital in such a fashion that on the top face it will have the clear lobes interacting with the clear lobe of the P z and the shaded lobe interacting with the shaded lobes of the pi system in the lower plane. So, in the same fashion I can also interact this molecular orbital with the d z squared orbital because that will have the shaded lobes on both sides interacting with the shaded lobes of the metal atom. So, you can see that whether it is a s of the d z squared they will interact with this molecular orbital group of benzene ring and this molecular orbital group of the benzene ring where the phases are pointed in the opposite direction. That means the clear lobes are pointed towards the shaded lobes that will interact with the P z orbital. So, now in a similar fashion you can imagine the type of interaction that will be there between the P x and the d x z orbital here. So, you can mix and match these molecular orbitals in such a fashion that you can have all these five orbitals interacting with the s P and the d orbitals of the metal atom. So, this gives us now a completely complete molecular orbital picture an energy level diagram where we have interacted everything other than the highest occupied molecular highest unoccupied molecular orbital of the benzene ring. That remains non-interacting everything else has got some interaction on the other although some of them are weakly interacting in a delta fashion. So, they have got weak interactions, but all of them interact with one another and form this m o picture which have drawn here. You will remember that the benzene ring has got six electrons in each firing and so 6 into 12 electrons will be filling up up to this level. From the metal one now needs to fill up only the molecular orbitals that are not destabilized. So, that turns out to be six of these six electrons can be filled in these three orbitals which are primarily metal character, but nevertheless they have interacted with the benzene ring. So, they now molecular orbitals. So, they have the origin in the d x squared minus y squared and d x y which as I explained to you just now they are interacting in a weak fashion. So, their stabilization is not too much and then the d z squared. So, if you fill up these m o's now you will end up with six electrons here and as a result you will have the most stable system where chromium and two benzene rings are interacting with one another. If you want a d 6 system obviously you have to choose an element from the chromium group. So, this gives us a total electron count of 18 and so once again we encounter even in the bis-arein metal complexes an electron count of 18 is ideal for forming a stable metal complex. Sometimes the highest occupied molecular orbitals that is a d z squared can lose an electron and the system is still stable because the destabilization of the d z squared is not significant enough to make a great dent in the electronic stabilization energy. So, experimentally it has been found that this particular m o picture that I showed you is the most satisfactory in terms of explaining all the characteristics that people have observed. It is also interesting that the chromium bears a slight positive charge of 0.7 electrons and the benzene ring bears a small negative charge which means that the net transfer of electron density has happened from the metal to the benzene ring. Surprisingly usually one expects the ligand to give electron density to the metal. Surprisingly in this case we have transferred electron density from the metal to the benzene ring and this small transfer of electron density is because of the transfer of electron density from each one of the each one of the metal filled orbitals into the benzene ring especially even the delta bonding that we talked about earlier. So, one other factor before we look at some of the structures of these molecules is that the bond energy of this benzene chromium is 170 kilo joules per mole and this is significantly less than what we have observed for ferrocene which is stabilized by almost 260 kilo joules per mole. So, you can see that the stabilization of benzene is significantly less and this compared to ferrocene where you had significant electrostatic interaction between the metal and the metal and the ligand which is negatively charged. So, the ligand was negatively charged in the case of the cyclopentadienyl cases you have a large negative charge on the ring system and the metal very often was a 2 plus cation. So, this was a stable system whereas, in the case of best benzene chromium you have lesser stability. Let us take a look at some of this molecules now and I am going to show you two or three complexes where you have a benzene ring sandwiched between a metal atom. Here is this benzene chromium itself. This is chromium sandwiched between two benzene rings and you can see that they are perfectly eclipsed. You can see that the two benzene rings are perfectly eclipsed. The difference between the two benzene rings is in fact 3.21 angstroms and since they are perfectly planar it is convenient to measure just the distance between the two carbon atoms as 3.21 angstroms. All six carbon atoms are perfectly bond or symmetrically bonded to the chromium atom. So, you have this very nice symmetrical structure between the benzene ring and the chromium atom. So, let us look at one more structure where you have a cation this time and here is a dimethyl amino group you have a dimethyl amino group. This is sandwiched between dimethyl amino substitution in the aromatic ring. Here is a C 6 ring system and this C 6 ring system has got two dimethyl amino groups which are shown in blue here and these two ring systems are sandwiching the chromium atom. This is again a chromium atom here. I will show the label. This is again a chromium atom which is sandwiched and it has got two of these ring systems and the structure of this molecule has been collected for the oxidized species and it has got a counter ion which is not shown in this structure. So, let us take a look at one more molecule which is this in this ring. So, this is molecule it is there are two atoms of biphenyl. Now, biphenyl is just C 6 H 5 C 6 H 5. So, you can see the two phenyl rings connected together by a single bond and that is the single bond which connects these two carbon atoms which I have highlighted for you. Now, there is one ruthenium atom which is sitting in between the two phenyl groups and you will notice that ruthenium has got eight electrons. So, if in order to fall into the chromium group you have to remove two electrons from the ruthenium. So, this is a di cationic molecule where two counter ions are present in the crystal structure, but nevertheless this is identical to what we would have generated if chromium was present. Once again you see that the C 6 rings are eclipsed whereas, the two other benzene rings are not oriented parallel to each other. They are at a slight angle with respect to each other. So, these are three structures just to illustrate the fact that you can have very nice complexes where the metal is sandwiched between the two aromatic rings. So, let us proceed further now. We have looked at the structure of these aromatic molecules. Let us take a brief look at the properties. You have once again based on the molecular orbital energy level diagram that we saw prediction of the magnetic properties of these molecules. You would have for the titanium species a diamagnetic molecule and indeed you observe a diamagnetic species and you have zero magnetic moment, experimental magnetic moment and predicted magnetic moment is also zero. Whereas, for the vanadium you would have one electron and that indeed is what is expected and what is observed. The bisbenzene chromium itself you would expect zero magnetic moment. It should be diamagnetic and in fact it is diamagnetic as it is predicted. Many of the other molecules you will notice they have methyl groups on the aromatic ring and that gives you kinetic stability for the aromatic ring system that you have. So, the most stable system that you have is for the chromium. Other metals do form sandwich complexes, but they are not as stable as the bisbenzene chromium that was first isolated and characterized. So, let us take a look at a brief look at the reactions of these arene complexes, arene sandwich complexes. If you treat bisbenzene chromium with n-butyl lithium which is known to metalite aromatic rings, n-butyl lithium will metalite aromatic rings and generate lithiated aromatic rings. You find the same reaction happening with bisbenzene chromium also. So, here is a product that you would isolate for bisbenzene chromium. You end up with both the monolithiated species. You do get the monolithiated species and the dilithiated species. So, this is typical of these reactions because the two rings seem to behave independently and there is not much communication between the two. Unfortunately, the ALCl3 fritill craft reaction that we were able to carry out with ferrocene is not possible in this instance. So, although you have a six membered C6H6 which is aromatic coordinate, aromatic that ring system coordinate to the chromium, you do not get the, you do not isolate the acetylated ring. Instead, you have you end up with chromium being oxidized and you end up with acetylated ring. This is a system which is a mixture of several compounds and you do not get the expected acetylated compound. So, this suggests that the aromaticity is not completely retained in these ring systems. You do have considerable loss in aromaticity and we saw that some negative charge has been transferred from the metal to the aromatic ring system. So, it is indeed less, it should be less aromatic than what you expect for a Huckel 4 N plus 2 pi system. So, there is another reaction also which suggests that you do have some loss in aromaticity and that is a fact that the benzene ring, especially if it is annihilated can exchange. So, there is a quick dissociation of the benzene ring and recombination and if you have a different aromatic ring system in the in the medium, there are two aromatic ring systems that are pictured here. One is phenanthrin and so you get a diphenanthrin chromium complex instead of the naphthalene that you started out with. You can also have this annihilated system reacting to give you a different bis aromatic complex because naphthalene tends to go away and you have these ring systems where you have greater degree of aromaticity. So, whenever a ring system is partly aromatic it can be replaced by a more aromatic system, but nevertheless we can see clearly that the net complex that is formed has got less aromatic character than the ligand itself. So, before we proceed further we should mention that the 18 electron system that we worked out for chromium is the ideal complex. So, here is a case a complex which we saw in a crystal structure. It is a ruthenium 2 plus system which is sandwiching which is being sandwiched by two aromatic 6 pi electron systems and here are the two 6 pi electron systems which are stabilizing the ruthenium 2 plus. If you if you remove or add electrons then the system tends to show characteristics of destabilization. So, here is a situation where if you add two electrons to this plus two electrons and this can be done reversibly. When you add two electrons the system behaves in such a way that the two electrons in one of the double bonds of the benzene ring move away. So, that there are only four pi electrons donated to the ruthenium. If you remember ruthenium has got a ruthenium in a zero oxidation state has got eight electrons. So, if one aromatic ring gives six electrons then you need only four pi electrons to reach the 18 electron magic number. So, this pi electron can be moves away. So, that it is no longer coordinated to the ruthenium. So, you have only these four atoms which are coordinated to the ruthenium and it forms an electron system. So, you can remove two electrons from this complex and go here where both are eta 6 is eta 6 and eta 6. You can also add two electrons and change the electron count. So, it is very clear that this ring system is unstable. In fact, you can add sodium borohydride which is a H minus source and because it is two plus it will readily add two hydrogens. Here is a complex which is formed as a result of adding two hydrogens. The two hydrogens remove the double bond and convert them into single bond and form two C H bonds. As a result you have four pi electrons on the top ring and these four pi electrons plus six pi electrons from here result in a stable eta 4, eta 6 geometry for the ruthenium. So, it is very clear that it is possible to shift between the aromatic ring system to the non aromatic ring system when you have an electron count that is not the expected 18 electron count. In fact, the X-ray crystal structure of this molecule reveals that this double bond is completely moved away from the plane of the of the six membered ring. So, you do not have conjugation with this four pi electrons. I should also mention that the X-ray crystal structure however is dynamic that means this C 1 and C 2 rapidly interconvert with C 3, C 4 and C 5, C 6 positions. So, there is a rapid rotation around this bond resulting in NMR structure that suggests all carbons are equivalent. So, we will come to that later in a later lecture. Now, in the remaining few minutes we will talk about hetero sandwiches. By hetero sandwiches I mean the bread part of the sandwich which we had pictured which I had pictured as a slice of bread sometimes can be large and sometimes it can be small. So, for this lecture we were talking about hexagonal slices. We can also have four membered rings or we can have five membered rings in combination with six membered ring. So, this type of sandwiches where you have five and six and four and four are sandwich complexes which can be formed by metal electrons which have the suitable number of metals which have the suitable number of electrons. So, all we have to do is to do the electron counting properly. So, if you want to figure out what would be the ideal complex to form a C P M C P cyclopentadienyl C 5 H 5 M C 6 H 6 then we just need to remember that six electrons are given by the arene and in the neutral method five electrons are given by C P. So, that leaves seven electrons which has to be given by the metal if one has to attain the magic 18 electron rule. So, that metal would have to be manganese. So, metal which has got seven electrons in a zero oxidation state is manganese. We are using the neutral method to do the electron counting here. So, cyclobutadiene metal C 6 H 6 we can ask the question what should be M. Cyclobutadiene will give you four electrons and similarly six will come from the arene. So, eight electrons will have to come from the metal and so the metal will have to be in the iron group or it has to be a metal which gives eight electrons.  A more easy to understand system is formed by reacting this dimer with pyridine and then we isolate a monomeric complex which can be treated with thallium cyclopentadienyl. As I had mentioned earlier cyclopentadienyl thallium is a good source for C 5 H 5 minus and it now forms a very nice sandwich complex where you have a five membered ring on the top and a three membered ring on the on the bottom. So, these will give you five electrons and three electrons respectively and the nickel gives you ten electrons. So, this forms a nice 18 electron complex. A similar situation happens with cyclopentadien and this of course, turns out to be a rather unusual synthesis where an alumina cyclopentadien and alumina cyclopentadien is reacted with lithium metal to reduce it in the presence of nickel bromide to give you a elimination of this group to give you two four membered rings and this also gives you four plus four eight electrons. So, nickel is an ideal element because it has got ten electrons it is 3 d 8 4 s 2 and so that will give you ten electrons and a nice cyclopentadienyl complex. Cyclopentadienyl complex is formed where you have two bis cyclopentadienyl groups. So, it is bis cyclopentadienyl this cyclopentadienyl nickel complex that is formed. Now, can we go beyond six and the answer is yes and here is an example where you have vanadium group metals interacting with the vanadium group metal interacting with the pentavalent vanadium halides and you already treated the metal with C 5 H 5 minus and you treated with C 7 H 8 which is cyclopentadien and then you remove H minus using you remove H minus using the tritile cation. Then you end up with a metal complex where you have a five membered ring on the top and a seven membered ring in the bottom and this gives you a heterosandwich structure where vanadium is conveniently located between these two ring systems. If you do the electron counting you will notice that this in fact is not an ideal system it has only sixteen valence electrons and here you have another case where you end up with another complex which is in the titanium group MCL 4 that also reacts with C 7 H 8 and it forms a sixteen valence electron complex with cyclohebbitrion units coordinated to the metal atom. So, here there is again bond which is present between the metal and the center of the ring. In fact, each of these carbon atoms are bonded to the metal and we do not draw it because then it becomes very congested. So, the metal just is shown with a bond to the center of the ring to indicate that all of the atoms are bonded. So, here again P H C 3 plus removes a H minus. Now, beyond 7 it is it becomes difficult in order to form sandwich complexes or cyclo cyclic pi systems conjugated to the metal, but when you increase the size of the metal itself like we go to the lanthanide or the actinide systems then it is possible to generate cyclo octatetraene complexes. Here the cyclo octatetraene has been reduced prior to this reaction with two electrons. So, you have C 8 H 8 2 minus you will remember that C 8 H 8 2 minus is now aromatic it is a 10 pi electron system that reacts with uranium tetrachloride to give you uranicene that uranicene has got eight uranium carbon bonds on the top and eight uranium carbon bonds on the from the bottom ring. So, this is a very interesting complex where uranium because of its large size is able to react with 8 pi electron cyclic system. So, in summary one can say that the 18 electron rule holds good even in these complex molecules where you have pi systems interacting with the metal atom. The 18 electron rule stems from the fact that if you fill up more electrons than 18 the molecular orbital scheme you tend to fill up the electronic energy levels which are higher in energy which are the ones which have been destabilized. So, it is comfortable for the molecule to stop at 18 anything more than 18 is bad, but as we have seen in this lecture there are several systems where the 18 electrons need not be filled and you can have 16 electron systems and they will still be stable. It is also possible to have some reactions of the benzene ring, but not as much as we saw in the cyclopentadienyl case. Cyclopentadienyl is more robust it interacts with the metal and at the same time carries out is able to withstand Friedl-Krabs reactions. Here we do not have Friedl-Krabs reactions, but we can have litheation reactions and lastly we can make hetero sandwich complexes where the pi systems on both sides need not be the same. One can have a cyclopropenyl pi complex pi system on the top of the sandwich and one can have a 6 membered ring in the bottom of the sandwich. So, you can have a variety of very interesting molecules and we will look at some of the properties of these molecules in a future lecture.


Hi guys, welcome back to my channel. You have another video with Dom what you guys all wanted. Hello. So back to me Anyways, um today we are seeing a psychic because we have a lot of questions that we need answer a men's history What do you want to know? I just want to know if I should stop talking to my ex. I can literally tell you that no I think we need a professional Many other ways than that. Oh, this has seen our tiktok drama this recently you would understand No, I'm in all seriousness very much saying like You know career stuff. Am I gonna marry Jacob Elordi uh-huh Yeah, Michael be Jordan like those are like the things that I kind of have queued up for the second today Got it. I'm glad to hear that. We were originally introduced to this woman through our friend Kate Keenan Anyways, if you guys are interested in any of this, I'll have all of her information linked below She's really just like funny. She's so cute. She's so cute and um already some things that she said Just the intro call of her like naming something. I was like that was weird That was there was as a guy in my life and she like was like like for example It is gavel that it was yeah, and she just even the names of the name she was using I was like wait You don't know that that's actually my father's name. Yeah, or that it's my birthday Yeah, I know anyways, we're gonna get on the zoom now. Um very excited. We're very open We'll see where this takes a very I mean at the like there We'll take anything So your aura so I'm seeing pink in your aura because I'm picking up on there's a grandmother figure that stays around you if that makes sense So It's feeling very maternal or like her feel is a very maternal feel so I don't know if it's more on your mother's side She feel she feels very religious Does that make sense for you to someone that was like I'm like you're blowing my mind My So I'm half Filipino and my mom's grandmother She lives in the Philippines for half the year and stays with us the other half of the year and she's like the most Catholic lady you will ever meet in your whole entire life You also tend to absorb a lot of people's stuff as well like you take on other people's stuff So that said I feel like you're you're very much like an empath So a lot of what I was explaining to you guys before just my process and how I'm very empathic and I feel people I feel like you're the same way. So you absorb a lot of People's energies and you also tend though to Own people's stuff if that makes sense like you take it on for yourself Or you're the type of person that'll like lay in bed and they worry about everybody like oh is this person okay? Or is that okay or da da da da? I feel like it's Um, but I feel like the message in this is basically just to remember Just think about yourself. Just you know, remember that you need to fill your cup as well with you I feel like it was always you were always a leader like you always Spoke up for those that couldn't speak for themselves. I feel like I just I see that with you. You're laughing I'm laughing because yeah, that's crazy Yeah, because that's always been it's like a cookie cutter thing with your soul It's almost like you know when people were like oppressed like you would be like no, this isn't the right thing Like let's go. No, I'm going to speak up for what's right and I'm going to go against the grain I'm going to do this and I'm going to know we're going to get this message out there And I just I feel like that's that's your soul Like always doing what's right and fighting for people and fighting for And that's even part of why you put yourself like on the back burner. It's always like no I got to help people. I got to get through this. We got it Said is that there's a bigger message is a breaker. Do you understand this? I just I feel like you have this big purpose in life and I feel like like I see you fulfilling it and I feel like Basically Whatever it is that you set your intentions to be so basically whatever it is that you want You you can have and everything will always work out even in the moments That you feel things aren't working out. So you're smiling because there's moments where you kind of look up and you're like Okay, it might be impunct is ashton kutcher coming out right now. Like what's happening to me, right?  We're human. I just did it a couple days ago It's like this really nothing. I feel like everything always works. Um, I love your father Your father. I absolutely love him. I feel like he I don't know why the feeling that I have with him is like he's like a big teddy bear or something I don't know why like and I feel like he has this laugh about like his it's like a it's like um It's like a deep jolly laugh or something It's like does that make sense? No, it actually is that it's very accurate depiction. Yep I I love him. I love his energy. I feel like you and him Um, I feel like there's like a nice soul connection with you and him I know a lot of times people are like, well hello, it's my father, but it's it's just different It's on a spiritual level level. Um, he's a good. He's a really good person um very supportive Um, just somebody that's very I want to say like level headed he his energy feels like He always sees like the middle area. He's not very like one sided like oh, this is this and that's it Like he weighs everything out. Does that make sense? That is like he's good He's good to go to to you know for advice or I just like that. He sees the whole picture and thing. So he's a great support system I just I love him. I'm like I love your dad.  I feel like Really good person.  She's a little bit more Does she love butterflies or nature or anything with that?  This is interesting too You actually have a native american guide. He's he has almost like this Medicine man type of feel to him I wouldn't be surprised if there was ever a point that you ever wanted to go into Medicine or if you ever wanted to do something with that like healthcare. Does that make sense for you? Yes, my whole family is in healthcare Ah, I see literally my entire family. Yeah, so, you know, I feel like your You know, your direction is is is a little bit different, but it's healing in another way So you're not physically, you know going into the medical field, but you're doing it in another way just your presence your words Um, and I feel like that's that's very healing What can be This is so funny and don't laugh, but you know what I keep hearing I keep hearing this song barbie. It's a barbie world. I don't know why I can think that It's a barbie world I keep hearing that. I don't know why I just keep hearing it, but it's not not in a negative way like In white in white, right? I don't know maybe if this is kind of like your thoughts or your feelings lately Just kind of how your your perspective is changing on the world and kind of looking at things differently and just kind of going Okay, I'm going to look beneath the surface like there's more to this. Does that make sense? I feel like you know for me. I feel like this is a transformative year for you or just like where your soul is trans Transforming or you're going through this Evolving period. So it's you're you're going through a change I think spiritually where you're Opening up to different things and seeing things differently like over this next year I feel like your friendship circles are going to change If you haven't noticed it already just certain people are just going to kind of step back or you may step back And it's not a negative thing. It's it's a good thing There's going to be people that are just a little bit more evolved kind of coming on to your path That are going to help you and just open up to different things and just seeing things differently Do you ever want to work with children or do something with children? Does this make sense for you? I don't think I I don't think so or It's okay. I keep seeing a little boy around you. Oh, I have a little brother Oh, you have a little brother. Okay. Well, maybe this is the child Yeah, but I feel like you're very good with kids Mm-hmm. I'm just really involved in my niece's life. Like very involved. See, maybe that's what this is I just feel like you're very Good with children.  Or august the month of August my birthday's in august. That's why I say, okay So leo's tend to be better with children So they're good with kids. They work good with kids. So that's why so that's just just a bell Yeah, huh, what did she say? Kendi is always talks about how she would love to be a mom like way later I like look forward to it dawn dress it. Yes. Yeah Um, I definitely you're definitely going to be a mom. I see you with two kids um Hmm, that's interesting It's funny because I keep hearing the word twins Listen, um the twin thing doesn't mean that it's literal It may just have been like a little just a validation thing because it's something that's on the back of your mind or Yeah, I don't know. I just feel like there's something with twins But it could be irish twins you've heard of irish twins where it's like back-to-back Whatever it is. I feel like, you know, you will have children I see too. I feel like they'll be healthy and that's the most You know important part It'll be at a time in your life when you're ready when it works and all that other stuff That's what I feel with that Um, do you know what? Or does that make sense or email? Yeah Who's that my ex-boyfriend's name start Oh, all right, hold on a second No You see with him, he just had a lot of walls up like he didn't um A little bit of like stubbornness Which I feel like we all could be a little stubborn. Does that make sense for you? Yeah Um, I definitely feel like you guys had a past life together I feel like you guys were actually married once before in a past life I don't know if that makes sense for you um November what is November? Any connection with him with November anything with November or the number 11 or the number 11 It could be the number 11 or seeing 11 11 the number 11. I keep seeing that Um, not that I can think of right now That's okay. So just just make note of it. Um He just has to I just feel like he has a lot of stuff to just do for himself or he has to realize You know what it is too with him I feel like he doesn't fully believe in himself or something It's like his confidence is just not completely there You know, there was a there was a little small part of him as well That he almost didn't feel like he deserved you. Yeah Does that make sense and he um I just feel like this journey is about him just really fully connecting with himself and loving himself I feel like that's that's another reason why you guys had a cross like You know go separate ways But you are just a smidge of hair tad sprinkle more Evolved than him and that's not in a condescending way Just like I explained to you before about the grade system just in past lives, right? So just because what I'm saying is it's almost like you're in third grade and he's in second grade So it doesn't make you better than anybody. It just means that you had an earlier start I mean now you're in third grade. He just hasn't reached that point yet Do you see what I mean? So I'm not saying it in a negative way. I just wanted to clarify that So you are just a little bit more evolved and we all have certain lessons that we have to Fulfill or help others with and that's like our sole purpose So with him, I feel like you guys needed to go your separate ways and I feel like you kind of Planted seeds and you helped him. You did whatever it was that you could do and now it's up to him to kind of figure it out and I don't know. I hope that made I hope that made sense for you But those conversations were the exact conversations that we always had About like confidence and like self-love and things like that I'm smiling right now too because I feel like with you guys like I'm looking at the two of you energetically I keep hearing the word soul sisters Like I'm hearing that song.  What kind of dog is that? What kind of dog was todo? Oh my gosh, my parents have a dog named dodo 22 what's the number 22? So it could be an age the 22nd 22, which is february 2nd 22 I bought a house at 22 And that's what I moved it back to texas, but that's the only Connection I can think of 22 Do you know? name Is this like a friend of yours? Yeah, whoever this is I feel like it's you were friends But then maybe just kind of keeping at an arm's length or something or it's like there's negative Energy like coming off from this person or you're just like I don't know about this. Does that make sense? Yes I Feel like there's a lot of on this person's end. I feel like jealousy or envious or does that make sense for you? Feel as though I need to tell you I think for you I could see I could see you being the type of person It's almost like there's this saying and I am way older than you guys But there's this saying that we used to say when we were younger that i'm rubber your glue Whatever you say to me will bounce off me and stick to you I don't know if you guys ever heard that but that was like a saying that my parents told us like You know if someone's making fun of you or saying something and it's like i'm rubber your glue But no matter what it's still like affects us You know what I mean like it's still even though I said it And you know, I would kind of say it that way It's still it still affected me it would still kind of I would hold it in And I feel like I need to just share with you You know another saying that I just heard recently and I loved it and I actually passed it on to my daughter And I just and I said it to her That other people's Opinions of me are none of my business I don't know why I just needed to tell you that just whatever that means for you So again, I'm not saying that you're not the type of person to like absorb or take on or I could see you being very strong In that sense where you know what that's your problem I don't know but I feel like there may be some sort of like are you laughing because that that's what you're I'm pretty good at that now. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, but there is and I'm not trying to make you second Guess that or take or make no, but I struggle. I still struggle with it. I just have had yeah Okay, so this okay, so I just want to make sure this is resonating Yeah, so there's still like that little bit of residual that's in there That still does weasel its way in energetically that kind of gets in there and then you start like Thinking it'll be in the back of your mind. So that's what I want to kind of extinguish. I want to put that out I want to make it, you know, just kind of remember these words that you know what whatever you think of me Some of my business like that's your problem. You know, you're Projecting or whatever that is that's that's on you. So I just wanted to reinforce that for you. Um, you get a lot of messages or intuition or insight a lot of times when you're sleeping I don't know if this makes sense for you or through dreams to probably say So like you might wake up and be like, oh my gosh, or you might have like a lot of deja vu moments Does this make sense?  It's a hard thing to trust our gut So they're just telling you trust your gut or just listen to that that that inner feeling that you have just on things in general um Just building on that confidence within yourself to just be able to say okay You know what because I feel like like anybody and I know I do it even myself, you know I just kind of second guess myself. I'm like, well, you know, maybe this or whatever Well, I'll just give this person of the benefit of the doubt or whatever. Maybe it's me or I feel like just go with your gut a little bit more. You're very intuitive and um Oh, you know another good thing they're telling me to tell you is that you need to start journaling I don't know if you've ever thought about journaling or writing I feel like you're really good with writing or the written word or articulating Your thoughts or your feelings through writing. I feel like that's really good for you start Starting to do that. Say I already see you guys already do a podcast You're ready to do that, right? I do. Yeah. Did you are you doing something with her as well, Dom? Uh, we I used to this is creepy. I used to have a podcast and we're like on the same network But I stopped mine, but we've done a live show together. I see this one. This is one I'm seeing you guys doing something together I feel like this is going to be something that you guys are going to do together, but it's going to be like And don't take a please do not take offense to this. I this is not meaning to sound like Uh, like in a negative way or anything like that, but it's going to be like serious topics like topics of something like with Not saying anything that you have they've talked about wasn't serious or wasn't I had didn't have substance I can't put my finger on it Maybe like current events or something along those lines. Does that make sense for you guys? I'm sorry I'm smiling because my last podcast was called the uncomfortable podcast and it was about like Serious like current events like different topics. Oh, yes. Okay. So I feel like that's good It's not and it's not this for me It's more for you like this is a good thing because it's a validation Because I know you guys said that you want to know about the future and like what's gonna unfold and what's coming and what's work And so on and so forth And I don't even want to I don't even want to categorize it as work I just feel like it's it's your sole purpose But I feel like that's maybe that soul sister connection between the two of you because that's the balance You guys balance one another just works. I don't know just pulled it together And I know nobody wants to go into the whole thing, especially now nobody I know myself I'm like anyone even like mentions or breathes the word politics. I'm like, I'm not going in that direction But it's almost gonna have like that sort of I feel to it Not exactly that. Do you know what I mean? It'll have that feel to it, but it'll just be like Getting oh, it's gonna be an outlet for people just to kind of like express themselves I just I see it. I see whatever this platform is going to be. I just feel like it's going to Just do very well I actually see you doing something in television too Kenzie I see you doing something On tv or something with film or being filmed. I see something with that Not now. It's gonna be it's gonna be it's gonna be in a couple years You know, it's gonna be more when you're at 30. It's gonna be later You are going to do something with a book that may sound cuckoo crazy, whatever Maybe not, but you're gonna do something with a book. I see you writing a book or I'm gonna feel the pull or the urge and I feel like there's gonna be some sort of I see you writing a book There's gonna be a book for you. That's what I say. Yeah, I don't this was ever Does that make sense? Yeah, and it's it'll do well It's gonna be good for other people, but I feel like it's gonna be something like for yourself Something for you. Does that make sense?  I don't know why I keep hearing that or maybe like a memoir I just keep hearing those words. Do you know what? You name a male She does I do Who's that? That's a guy I used to date Oh Okay, does he you still keep in contact with him or did you just see him on social media or something? Oh, yeah, because I was gonna say I feel like he still has feelings for you or he's still Does that make sense? Yeah I feel like he's funny. I see him staying in your life He I don't feel him being a negative. Can I see his picture? Do you have his picture? While you're getting me his photo, I just want to touch back on you kenzie for a minute Your guides are telling me that they send you feathers Just so you know, so I don't know if you notice feathers a lot or going forward You're gonna get feathers. That's their way of letting you know that you're on the right path Oh, I like him I like his Energy, I like his support. I feel like he has your back. I feel like no matter what I feel like Very loyal very honest. Is he outdoorsy or something? Very outdoorsy. I just I see I feel like he's he's good for your soul See what happens is whenever you have like a soul connection with somebody sometimes You know, we're on the same path together and then at times, you know, he might go a separate path and then you might It's like that. Why eventually you guys will cross paths again. So that's That's I don't know. That's basically it in that shell Well, kind of touching on even what I had said earlier the gentleman that you were seeing It's almost like finding That love for himself or like fully loving himself. Do you understand what I mean by that? I see him getting past that.  No, or is he like truck? Does he like trucks or is he into cars? Did you just have Was this a conversation we're just talking about was around cars? Yes Okay, maybe it's just the validation. It does he really like music or is he really into music? I feel like I see music all around him and then I keep seeing the number eight Um, almost like an infinity Does that make sense for you? Yeah, it's my favorite number and my birthday. Yes today like January 8th Oh Okay, so this is the connection between the two of you by the way So I just drew say See like the infinity that's that's your life number. That's one of your life numbers And I feel like that's the connection with you as well because I believe you said your birthday was in august Right And that's an eight connection. So going forward. These are the eight so Eights are people that are meant to be in our lives. These are our soul connection Do you see any connection with like me in Nashville or people in Nashville? I'm going to just tell you what I'm hearing and then you can make sense of it So I'm hearing I'm hearing Uh, yes Going but not staying or yes go and not stay. Does that make sense? Yeah I feel like you're gonna be traveling I see like a lot of traveling around for you So I feel like traveling going here going there. I see that for you I don't know. Was that question geared about like possibly Like changing and moving there or staying? Yeah, it's like the only other place I would consider moving and I just always wondered if I would The words I'm hearing is not yet not now. I don't see it um, oh I'm seeing Traveling actually to more of like the east coast as well. Oh, you know what I'm seeing in 2023 I feel like that's going to be a lot more like international travel Did you ever want to go to england or london? Yeah, I just see you going to london. You never went there yet, right? Oh Yeah, I keep seeing you going to london in 2024.  He's very handsome Not to sound superficial. I mean he has a beautiful soul too But I see him But he's he's studying Oh, if he's studying abroad or he's studying So again, everything's open to interpretation wherever it is. He's studying, but I see him wearing some sort of suit So I don't know if he's studying a lawyer could be a doctor a lawyer or something with like a suit So business like do you know Or a saint who's that this is somebody that sort of like Is a little flirty with you or just kind of like likes you or whatever, but it's Maybe on your end. There's like no interest. It's more him with you. Does that make sense? I feel like he's doing well though. He's gonna do well He does he do a lot of tiktoks or something? He doesn't but the mutual friendly method does he's seeing something with tiktok What does he do? He does like cover band stuff like does he cover other people? Like yeah, he has his own stuff too But I think he does a lot of cover band stuff No, he's gonna be doing his own stuff. I see him doing his own stuff I see you guys remaining friends and It'll be good because It's almost like he'll introduce you to people. I feel like it's It's it's the bridge like you'll you'll help him. He's gonna help you I just feel like you guys were put on each other's path for a reason. It may not be so much of like a love Connection as far as that goes but it's more of like a friendship and sort of like one hand washes the other But I feel like he's gonna I feel like he's gonna do Well, and I just keep seeing this tiktok connection. Maybe that's your message for him And I guess I am actually curious Do you like see me in the future like settling down and having a family? Or do you see me like kind of going the Oprah Winfrey path? I see you having one child I see you having one child. I do see you getting married and I see you do I see you having one child Guys we just got off That was I Raisiest thing of my whole life.  You know, I like can't stop talking I'm genuinely right now speechless. Yeah, because I'm like so blown away with how Legit that was she is just such a beautiful person and everything she said Was just not only accurate and true but Like shocking within the first five minutes of that call, which I'm sure you guys will see she literally Essentially explains like my life No, also her bringing up first off the book with me Anytime anyone if it's like a prophecy or something that is like the first thing people say and tv Yes, and it's also like I think sometimes people get tv mixed with youtube But I do think that's also like yeah the show like something that we wanted to do a podcast together forever Like literally forever and it's like even something That I was like thinking about this year that I was just like, oh my gosh Like I would love to like start that like I think it would be so good And everything there was just so many things that I'm like, how do you she knew what street I lived on? She knew yeah, which by the way, I she would have no idea. No idea. No idea She My dad she said yeah in the preliminary call When before we like started recording she was just explaining like how the process works and like how she like reads into things She literally said my dad's name But also tooth me with the barbie thing is just funny barbie thing, but it's also It's me. It's funny. But like I'm actually a very deep person. I've never been service level But in the recent months, I've changed my mind on a lot of things Like even things that I was like so what she's like, oh you're Evolving or whatever. I'm like, there's a lot of things that I'm like, I don't know There's more to the story or actually not not as much more to the story as like I don't want to be so I want to understand how the people sides essentially Yes is more of what it is and also just changing my mind about things in general Which has been the past year and see the middle Yeah, I don't know and I think with if we did something together It would be topical on like deep talks that we have with each other Yeah, wouldn't be political it wouldn't be political Yeah, like if any when she was talking about like being in the middle Yeah, I was like honestly I could see that because like even like how we feel about church how we feel about everything So many things friends like relationships like When she was explain we don't have very polarizing views in many ways. Yeah, she brought up my dad I literally get chills and was talking about how he like sees the whole picture And that is 100 where I get that from where he can just explain the whole picture Like even with me if I don't understand something on a certain thing I'm like, hey, can you explain this? Yes, I'll ask her because I know her dad said something like talking like can you explain why I don't care about this Or just yeah, even topics that are literally so polarizing. Yeah, like ruin relationships and friendships I will like talk to my dad about it and we find middle ground Dude, that was really just one of the craziest things I've ever experienced in my whole entire life You know what else I thought about what you said a and there's like the soul connections That's also everyone that I'm like have like some sort of weird Connection with has a birthday with an eight whether they're bought on the A or their birthday is august and also it just was really So fulfilling in the sense that I don't know I validated so validating That was crazy guys. I couldn't go see her like it was not crazy. You must see her You must do we are I'm for sure seeing her again like six months from now I was like six months from now. I want to see her again and tonight. Oh my gosh. I'm like See I told y'all like I'm not toxic when I talk about talking to my annex because I knew it's not about him It's the fact that you can't I just knew there was a deeper connection That y'all didn't see on the surface. See that's how I like her I love that she saw that you can you can still behave in toxic way Like I that's what I that's personally what I like the most about that call. All right. Well, we're gonna go anyways I'll have Laura linked down below. Hope you guys enjoyed This video. Yes, you guys you need to need to need to see her. Wow love.


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Aloha. I'm Marsha Joyner and we are navigating the journey. Navigating the journey is dedicated to exploring the options and choices for the end of life care and to assist people to talk about their wishes. It's time to transform our culture so we shift from not talking about dying to talking about it. It's time to share the way we want to live our lives at the end of our lives. And it's time to communicate about the kind of care we want and don't want for ourselves. We believe that the place for this to begin is not in the intensive care unit. Together we explore the various paths to life's ending. Together we can make these difficult conversations easier. Together we can make sure that our own wishes and those of our loved ones are expressed and respected. If you're ready to join us we ask. Navigate the journey. We have invited people from various religious and traditions to talk about the end of life in their culture. Today I'm delighted to talk with Dylan Armstrong, the vice chair of the Oahu County Democratic Party. As you know we have been supporting the medical aid and dying bill through the legislature. This bill is one of the many included in the Democratic Party's platform. Therefore today we will talk to vice chair Dylan Armstrong and what all of that means. Aloha Dylan. Aloha. Welcome. Welcome. We're so glad you're here. Oh I'm very grateful to be here. Thank you for inviting me. So vice chair of the party. Okay so we know that doesn't pay you anything. So true. So tell us about your paid gig and the rest of you. Let's start with you first. Sure. By background I'm an environmental scientist. I currently work as a transportation planner full-time and I work specifically on transportation projects on this island that are done by local government and are seeking federal monies. So as a result I help the city and the state procure federal grant monies. That's what I do. I facilitate and there's obviously a great need and a lot of the stories that have been in the newspaper about transportation for the last, well ever since I joined the organization currently with, I have to do with subjects like local match which is the feds require a certain amount of money be raised by the state or various municipal entities that are seeking to use federal monies and a lot of that stuff is my day to day that is my bread and butter and it's boring but it's important. Yeah and so that's the match is the tax money. Match is that is the local money that is being raised by GET by whatever means that the city or the state is seeking to match federal monies to build a highway or refurbish a bridge you know whatever the project is. What about the rail? Yeah that's true. That is certainly. That is certainly. That is certainly. That's don't even go down there though. That that sickens me so. No comment. So how did you go from being a major major science environmentalist to the vice chair of the Democratic Party? Yeah that's a that's a great question. So last year I was a precinct president which is sort of the lowest level officer in the Democratic Party's organization. A precinct being something that is displayed and disseminated through the office of elections so we have precincts all across this island all across the state within various house districts and so for the Democratic Party's purposes I was a precinct officer. Well I was very very very tired after the the PPP last year which was the event that all of the Democrats went to to vote for either Hillary Clinton or Bernie Sanders and there was a caucus. Yeah that's right. We don't have a true caucus and we don't have a true primary in terms of what the PPP is. We have a PPP presidential preference poll. Okay and thousands of people were there. It was it was huge turnout. It was a little bit chaotic but it was democracy also at its finest. Well democracy is not the prettiest thing in the world. That's right. So I was debating moving out of the district and even out of the state and I ended up not doing that but I didn't run for reelection as a precinct president and so I had some time on my hands in terms of volunteer activities. I helped out local campaigns. People who were first-time candidates for office. People who were returning candidates and I helped at least half a dozen campaigns in some capacity last year. That is campaigns that were on this island and some of them were successful in some work but the point being that for a lot of elections in Hawaii the Democratic primary is the goal. It is. Once you get through the primary you may not even have a Republican or Libertarian or other third-party challenger. It may be that the Democratic Party primary is the most intense you know vigorous competition you're gonna face as a candidate. So when that ended in August that's when our primary was last year. I again had a little bit more free time for my volunteer activities. A sudden vacancy happened with the vice chair of the Oahu County Party and there was a special election and in a four-way race I ran and I won. Oh very good. So what does a vice chair of Oahu County do? Right. Excellent question. So first off a vice chair sort of like a vice president would be a second line. Now as a vice president that's the best job in the world because you don't do anything and you get paid but I think your vice chair is a little different. You do a lot don't you? Well according to the Oahu County bylaws the vice chair is the main convention planner. We have an annual party convention and I am the planning committee co-chair along with another Democrat and good-standing and I also sit on the Oahu Executive Committee. So all of the executive officers there are 17 of us including the chair and the vice chair. We have regular executive meetings and there are special meetings as well that I sit on and if the chair were in any way to be incapacitated or to resign unexpectedly I would be acting chair. So it's very important for the vice chair to be prepared to serve in the capacity of chair but not necessarily to be chair. And this has come up in on multiple occasions in our relatively short history as a state Democratic Party. Oh yeah. Not that long ago was the last iteration of it. So whoever's running to be vice chair is stepping forward to serve. They're offering to dedicate a lot of time and a willingness to at least learn about parliamentary procedure. It's important and learn how to work with the different stakeholders in the Democratic Party. The Democratic Party on this island has over 35,000 members on this island. On this island that comes out to something over 3% of the population. For anybody that doesn't know and most of people say oh it's a Democratic state and people vote. But I don't think they know the difference in just voting as a Democrat and being a part of the Party which is a corporation with bylaws and all regulations and all of the kinds of things that any corporation has. That's true. So let's talk about let's get it clear the definition so people know what we're talking about as opposed to just I show up the polls and I vote as a Democrat or I put a D behind my name and that makes me a Democrat. Yeah. So let's look at the quote party. Sure. The party structure. What is the big party and then the county? Yeah. The United States Democratic Party has had 15 presidents of the United States elected under that that party banner. We currently have a majority of state legislative seats in Hawaii including the entire Hawaii Senate. We hold the governor's ship. We hold the lieutenant governor's ship. Even nonpartisan offices throughout Hawaii including the city and county of Honolulu are dominated by registered Democrats and people who have run for offices for partisan offices as a Democrat. So the Democratic Party is dominant in that sense nationwide. Parties as institutions are relatively weak. I'm not talking about partisan identification on the part of the voters. I'm talking about as an institution. The Democratic Party. Yeah. That's right. The Democratic Party is a private group. So one thing that throws off a lot of voters who relocate to Hawaii is they check that they're a Democrat on their voter registration and then when they want to vote in a Democratic through the Democratic Party process in a primary, for instance, they're surprised to learn that they're not Democrats. But I check the form. Well, you have to register with us, the group. You have to do a separate registration in Hawaii. And there's a lot of discussion about who gets to vote in the party primaries, who gets to be included as a member. It's often a contentious or spirited conversation. But nationally, there's a Democratic National Committee. That's the DNC that we heard so much about. That's right. And there are state parties.  And the way that all works is somewhat similar to the levels of government, right? So the National Party coordinates efforts all across the United States, including the territories to elect Democrats, particularly to US or rather federal positions. So US representative, US Senate, and of course, president. Right. So we currently have a handful of the members of the DNC here from Hawaii. We have our state party chair, we have our vice chair, we have a DNC committee man, we have a DNC committee woman. Those people go and join a much larger body in Washington DC to participate in the DNC. So they they vote on our behalf is that there are representatives. There are representatives. It's a representative form of government, that is to say. So so those people are elected by the the card carrying Democrats. That's right. You have to be a member in good standing in order to participate in our decision to vote for them. We do they in turn go to DC and do whatever party people do. Yeah, that's right. That's right. And so we in Hawaii have conventions both at the county level and the state level that are fairly open in that we allow everyone who is signed up as a delegate. So any party member in good standing who gets to register as a delegate, and there's a process for that. But it's pretty open gets to come and voice their opinion for who they want to be their county chair, their state chair, you know, and so on, including for positions like county vice chair. There is a state central committee, just like there's a Democratic National Committee. So that's a smaller closed group that makes a lot of the parties decisions here in Hawaii. But we try to involve our party members as much as possible. Our party members at the county and the state level make changes to our by laws, make changes to our platform and can adopt resolutions. So we empower our members quite a bit. And because the Democratic Party is so diverse in terms of its ideology in terms of the ethnic and racial composition, the gender identity and expression, the religious affiliation and the age and all sorts of other metrics of diversity. We have very interesting discussions about what does it mean to be a Democrat? And what is it we want our party to do? Where do we want to go? Well, we are going to take a break. And when we come back, I want to talk about the platform about our bill that we have been following medical aid and dying, being on the platform, other bills that are on a platform. And what what does that mean? What does it get weight? Does it what does it mean? So when we come back, let's talk about it. Thank you. Aloha, my name is Justine Espiritu. This is my co host, Matthew Johnson. Every Thursday at 4pm on theme tech, we host the Hawaii Food and Farmers series. We like to bring in folks from the whole realm of the local food supply and agriculture, anyone working on these issues, any organization or individual that has plans or projects. What kind of people have we had on us? We've had farmers, we've had chefs, we've had people from government, larger institutions, everyone who's working to help make Hawaii's local food system that much better. So you can see us every Thursday and join the conversation on Twitter. And we hope to see you there. Hello, this is Martin Despeng. Please join me on my new show, humane architecture like the one in the back that you see of architect David Rockwood. The show is going to be on Tuesdays, 5pm here on think tech Hawaii in downtown Honolulu. See you then. And we're back. And we're talking with a beautiful young man, Dylan Armstrong. Oh my goodness, I have grandchildren older than this job. Anyway, Dylan is the vice chair of the Oahu County Democratic Party. And for those of you that follow us, you know, we have been supporting a medical aid and dying bill. And it was one of the issues on the platform for the Democratic Party. That's right. What does that mean being in the platform? And does it carry weight? What happens? How does that work? Yeah, that's a great question. Anyone who's curious what the Democratic Party on Oahu County has for his platform can look it up at OahuDemocrats.org. It's right there. And it's a relatively short document. It's not the most painful reading out there at all. But there are some general aspirational principles where we want to be on the environment, on personal liberty, on the economy, on jobs, so on. So we convene an annual county convention. Our next one is this Saturday, the 22nd. And we make changes to the platform. We say what is it that this body of convention delegates as representatives of the countywide party? What is it that we want our party to stand for? And now that's a very interesting discussion because we have a plurality or a majority of Democrats on this island who are progressives, definitely a broad majority who are liberals. And then we also have a significant and robust minority who are more conservative. And I'm using those terms very loosely because how you define them varies. But the point being, we have a very progressive platform overall. And what does it mean in terms of our legislative agenda? Yes, we have so many Democrats elected to the state house and all of the state Senate. So do they do they in turn reciprocate what what we believe in the platform? And the answer is, I would say that there are a lot of different stakeholders in the legislature right now. And many of them are opposed to elements of our our platform, we have very strong organization from particularly the religious right groups who do not agree with the Democratic Party's stance on medical aid and dying. So there was a consistent messaging that I noticed from people who were opposed, both at the community level and lobbying at the state legislature. And it's very interesting to see them use the same language. So there was fear and concern. And, you know, I, I'm not going to speak to what I think of it, but I am going to speak to the fact that I heard it, that there was a concern over are people going to be protected when family members are making decisions about the end of life. And that was the messaging that came up over and over again that there was a fear about a lack of protection for loopholes as seen in the bill. Then obviously they didn't read the bill. But that's number one. But the bill did not pass. Well, it's dormant, deferred. And it was because they didn't read the bill. Representative Todd, what's his name? The new kid. Oh, Chris Todd, Chris Todd. What he said was clear that he had not read the bill. Because the bill says that there is, in one clause, coercion is a class A felony. So obviously he didn't read it. And then when the patient is making the decision, the family, the heirs cannot be a part of the decision. So it was obvious that they didn't read the bill. And I heard people testifying about the handicap and they all people will the bill isn't about them. It is only about people terminally ill and old age, obviously 79 next month. Old age is not a terminal disease. Terminal ill patients with less than six months with cancer, something that's not going to get well. But they're still cognitive they're still sharp. They can make the decision. Yeah, it's so it was so obvious listening to the testimony. Yeah, that they didn't read the bill. But that's okay. Right. That's what happens. So in terms of now, the legislators look at, or do they read the platform? Do they participate in the building of the platform? Do they have any do they show up? Do they have any input into what goes in the platform? Yeah. And you know, anything at the Democratic Party level locally is going to be a personal initiative with the exception of a statewide executive director who has a salary job. All of us are otherwise volunteers. And many state legislators are in fact very involved. In fact, Congresswoman Colleen Hanna Busse is known for her long time and thoroughly dedicated involvement in the Democratic Party throughout its various levels. We have representatives and senators currently signed up to attend convention as delegates who bread and butter of the convention. You see them every year. They care a lot. And they put in they put in time. Yeah, they vote. And Senator Schatz was chair of the party of the state party. That's right. That's right. And which he reminded me of at the town meeting last week, right? Right. Yeah, he has a long history of dedication and service to the party. And so do many other elected officials. So how much they're able to dedicate time varies. But I would argue that, you know, there's a reciprocal relationship. If you go back to the Democratic Revolution of 1954, John Burns, what you saw from both the side of people who are in the public office sphere and people who are volunteering at the party was way more coordination, way more organization. So down to the precinct level where there were precincts having their own separate meetings versus a house district or versus a region. And there are nine regions for the Democratic Party on this island. State representative at one of his recent precinct meetings in East Honolulu side had said to his fellow members, you know, we are quite, you know, in essence, the shade of what we used to be in 1954. So this was someone who was in power and wants the Democratic Party to succeed as a volunteer initiative of members across this island. So I think that building a relationship, a better relationship with the state legislature is not so much contingent on us flexing or showing force in and of itself so much as actually building a presence, right? If we turn out 0.3% of our members, and we have many members who are retired or have flexible schedules out of 35,000. If we turn out 0.3% for a hearing, we can out organize the groups that oppose our platform. But we have to begin to reach out to people who maybe haven't heard from the Democratic Party in years. And that I like that idea. How do you reach out to these so many now, of course, there's email. But what about all folks that don't do email?  They do. So how do you reach them? Yeah, it's a great question because we rely on voter registration information. So we know where voters live. We know, generally speaking, what the voter's phone number is, they may not have an email address, but we can find a way of contacting them. In fact, many of these people are our neighbors and friends. So often Democratic Party officers have a good sense of who the movers and shakers in the community already are. So it's about engaging those people. If you were able to, you know, if every precinct on this island had an average of four people, four reliable people you could count on, who would turn out for a meeting, that would be a game changer. You wouldn't have to have, you know, all 35,000. But a lot of these people do join the Democratic Party because they do want to help. I mean, we are as volunteers who help the Democratic Party, we're helping the Democratic Party because it's something we believe in because we ain't getting paid. And, you know, likewise, we're Democrats because we're people who want to make the world a better place. Not everyone is a volunteer Democrat by day, but a lot of our Democrats are involved in government or involved in nonprofits or involved in business in ways that make society better. So that's who we are. So no one's getting into this for the wrong reasons. Everyone's trying to make, you know, Hawaii a better place. And we need to find ways to include those people. What about the Republicans that run as take the little deep, because they know that's the only way to get elected? What about that? I mean, I'm all in favor of a two-party system. I believe in a two-party system. What would it take for them to be stronger so that their candidates would not run as Democrats? And then you watch them vote as Republicans. You can tell who they are. Because their soul is a Republican. Right. So what, how do we do? Well, not me, but how do you work that out? So how does it that the Republican body will be stronger? So their people would run on their ideology and on their issues, rather than take a D and then do something different? Well, there's a lot of discussion within the Democratic Party about what we expect from people who run with a D on their name on the ballot. Now, some of those questions are going to be resolved in the coming months. But this is something that has happened repeatedly in terms of a continuing discussion. We have at least six members of various elected legislative bodies right now who used to be card-carrying Republicans. Right. And they got special permission from the Democratic Party to become Democrats. So we need to do this in a way that's fair and transparent to people. And we need to listen. Because if people are making a change like that, we want to know why do they want to make that change? You know, what do they intend to do? What is it about the party that they are identifying with? And for the record, I've supported a Republican who came over to the Democratic Party. I'm glad I did that. I was speaking earlier to the ideological diversity in the Democratic Party. We are diverse because that's who we are as Democrats. We want everyone to get there. You know, I think I remember reading just this morning that the California Republican Party is something like 77% white in a state that's 40 plus percent white. But we're not like that. We have every group. Yeah. Well, I just need to leave you with this one comment. Hono Shim said one day, I was listening to his testimony and he was telling this international group that we're not diverse. We're married. And I think that's the best thing that says about Hawaii. We're married. Thank you so much for coming. It's been a pleasure talking with you.  So good luck. Thank you very much. Thank you. Aloha.


So here's what happened a rep from Michaels reached out to me and they were like, bro We need you to get on our tiktok campaign because Michaels is getting on tiktok and we need you. I was like Bro, I would be honest. Let's do this. I made two ads for them one for my tiktok and then the other for their tiktok So these are those ads right here.  I'm looking for canvas specifically. There's me all happy Okay, and I turn into the canvas. I don't know my There it is. All the canvases I've ever want and so obviously I'm like, okay I'm gonna go for the good old 11 by 14 to put it in the cart. Let's go now. I'm gonna go for the 16 by 20s Okay, let's get it in there. Uh-huh now I want to go for the black 16 by 20 because those are special put in the car. Okay another 12 by 16 pack Let's go thumbs up transition. So then after hours of doing what I do best, which is drill Spinner and I have all of my supplies here plus all of my paint I get to work and I make beautiful pieces like this. Here's exhibit a Just lovely. Look at that. Woof and exhibit B. Oh baby. Let's go and that's how I do my spinner So I get this question all the time Johnny Where do you get your canvas and where do you get your paint? Let me tell you I buy a lot of these Okay, 16 by 20s and 11 by 14s and 12 by 16s and all of these paints and all of these paints all of those supplies are exclusively through Michaels and they help me create this all of these All these paintings Johnny Q art all by Michaels. I mean check this out all all through Michaels All the canvas was that Michaels that paints the spray that I use to cover and seal these all through Michaels So if you want to start creating your own art go to Michaels get all these supplies and get to work get created Sarah, what are you doing? What is what are you doing Sarah? Also? We put you to excuse all these boxes. We have to burn all these boxes What are you doing? Oh, she's putting water for babies to play. Oh, that would make sense But isn't that cool though? Michaels was kind enough to reach out to Johnny Q Johnny Q art and now I'm making videos for Freakin Michael that's incredible like all of this stuff here plus Way more than I have in my garage all through Michaels So guys, thanks so much for sending all this gear out all these supplies out to Johnny Q art So that I can do what I do best on tiktok, which is Okay, but can we talk about this drill right here though? This drill has been with me since like literally the start four months of Johnny Q art on here Oh, yeah, by the way, I'm tiktok live. Hi guys. Say hi All the audience wants to say hi, but look at this Crazy thing just a crazy idea that literally a drill. Okay attached to canvases Would do all of this Johnny Q art speaking of art This is the chair that I've been using for the last four months and look at it. It's just it's a it's a work of art in itself Okay, let me show you quickly. Let me unbox. This is kind of the first unboxing for Johnny Q art I think so should I get a PO box? I feel like I should get a PO box Comment down below what you guys think if I should get a PO box and you guys can send me stuff to open letters All all the above, but let me show you guys what what they sent over. Okay Why is there just one paint bottle wrapped in a bubble wrap? Yay, there's a whole box There's a whole box of them and one got sent in the mail fully wrapped what about 25 or 30 different fluid art This is this is called Fluid art ready to pour acrylics.  Okay, and I and I did it I bought it and I was like, yo, this is amazing. So here it is a whole a whole box worth of fluid art Okay, I'm pretty pumped about that and of course I mean, this is just one load, but this is 16 by 20s 12 by 16s and I love my 14s. Yep These boxes Thanks guys Look at this. All right, you can see this. There's a smiley face on these on these Wrapped paints. Well, here's another box. Thank you again, Michaels.  Thank you. I want to say thank you to Michaels for reaching out I enjoyed very much making these videos for you these tiktok videos I pumped to see a huge brand that you know supplies all of this and much more Finally be on tiktok. So you guys are gonna kill it Thank you to you guys and all the creators that are gonna be on this Campaign a tiktok campaign with Michaels if you guys want to see different content Please comment down below if you guys just want to see more kind of behind the scenes of Johnny QR More of anything like that. Please comment down below and as always thanks so much for watching and I'll catch you next time I'm the Johnny Q channel. Peace. I think that's a wrap, right? I'm still on live What do you guys think? Do I look good? Do I look bad this look weird? Does it look weird? I'm hungry