Welcome back to my channel and welcome if you're new here. My name is Jen I'm a certified weight loss and nutrition coach, and I'm on the WW or the Weight Watchers blue plan It's Wednesday. So it's another what I eat in a day on WW I'm taking you with me throughout the day today. I'm going to show you all of my meals I have a really delicious dinner recipe for you lots of fun things along the way So if you're excited for another what I eat in a day Give this video a big huge thumbs up and don't forget if you're new or you're not yet subscribed I'd absolutely love love love to have you join my channel All you have to do is hit the little subscribe button ring the bell next to it So you never miss a single video including what I eat in a day's every single Wednesday Down in the description box You're going to find my nutrition coaching website where I offer personalized to you macros and calories Highly recommend having this done that way you know exactly where you should fall every day to reach most Your most optimal success on whatever healthy lifestyle or weight loss plan that you're on you'll also find 30 and 60 minute One-on-one coaching sessions if you're looking for just a little bit more one-on-one support I offer that as well links discount codes to everything I shared with you today as well as all of my other favorite things are Also down in the description box last but not least is my Facebook group head on over and join us It's the quickest way to be in the know I'm very active on there, and I usually post really fun Exclusive things just for my Facebook group. So come on over and join us there. So without further ado Let's jump into what I eat in a day on WW All right, I just pulled my oatmeal out of the oven you can see that it's pretty runny But I'm actually going to add a scoop of devotion protein and that is going to thicken it up a little bit So I'm going to use that liquid to stir in the protein This is one of my favorite proteins to add to oatmeal. It is so Delicious, it is kind of like a vanilla protein powder, but better I just absolutely love devotion to bake with and to add to oatmeal to make protein oats So I'm going to stir this all together You can see it's already starting to thicken up Oh, it smells so good, and then we'll add in the fruit I have some blackberries and blueberries. So I'm just going to add Just some of those to the oatmeal And there's my protein oatmeal. It looks and smells so good I can't wait to dig in and just this bowl of oatmeal is over 20 grams of protein It is four points for the oats The devotion angel food cake protein powder is only one point for that huge huge scoop That's why it's one of my favorite things to bake with because it has excellent flavor and it's super low point It's 100 calories for the scoop and 20 grams of protein And then of course the almond milk is one point and the berries are zero So this entire breakfast is six smart points I will make sure to link devotion down below for you guys with a discount code Check out all their different flavors my top three are angel food cake Chocolate and their brand new mocha java chip. So this is my protein oats I've been getting a lot more questions about all of the beautiful lily silk silk items that I showed you In my dollar tree what I eat in a day So I wanted to just remind you about the pillowcases that they do come in nine different colors They do have a beautiful hidden zipper and it is the softest Highest quality silk that I've ever seen in a pillowcase. They are only 20 Dollars before the discount. So the link that's in the description box will actually give you 15 percent off So 20 dollars per pillowcase. I got a lot of questions on price as well And the sleep mask is the silk sleep mask with black trim. These are 30 dollars at full price And then of course with the link 15 percent off and this comes in nine colors as well You can even have your mask monogrammed with your initials if you would like But I've really been enjoying this as it's staying light later and getting light earlier It's been very beneficial in getting sleep Especially if you're someone like me that goes to bed really early when it's still light out during the summer And some of the questions about the hair scrunchies are do they come with all four in the pack? Yes, they do They come in a navy blue or a black. They are 25 99 before any discount They have four sizes So the smallest one I use when I go to jazz or size because I can pull my hair nice and tight The two medium sized ones. They're a little bit different in size Those I generally wear to bed I've been pulling my hair back in one of these at night. It just helps Keep your hair out of your face and prevents any breakage while you're sleeping And for the large one it's in style right now these big scrunchies So this one I've been using more for dressing up in aesthetic purposes, but I really like these Don't forget i'll link everything again down below in the description box Thank you for your guys's comments and don't forget to take advantage of the 15 off. Here's my morning snack today I'm going to have a better boot. This is the morning glory from imperfect foods I'll make sure imperfect foods is also linked down below for you They're still running their 20 dollars worth of free groceries when you place an order for a box No minimum order requirement. No commitment. So check them out if you're interested in seeing what imperfect foods is all about You guys know, I love them. I get a big order every couple of weeks I'm having a light and fit salted caramel yogurt And then i'm going to top it with one tablespoon of this chocolate Probiotic sea salt granola from purely elizabeth. So it is one point for the kombucha WW counts this can is three points I counted as one point as it is only 50 calories One tablespoon of granola is one point and then my yogurt is two points So this is a four smart point snack ross hall. Look at all this good stuff Got a dog dish for palmer our new puppy that we're picking up in a couple of weeks 5.99 you guys and it's perfect because it's raised up a little bit And we have to keep lola out of his food. So he has to have his own food dish I needed another handheld for our bathroom three dollars and 99 cents for the nautica home I got this clip top jar for my dog's treats when they come in those little resealable blitz bags We never shut them all the way so their treats start to get kind of hard So I thought that that would be a great way to keep the treats fresh Look at this cozy dog bed. You guys it's so soft at sherpa I looked at a lot of the dog beds and I wanted one that was poofy So when palmer laid on it, he didn't hit the ground and a lot of them were so so thin $9.99 10 bucks for this dog bed. Now chances are he will outgrow it, but it was $10 I also grabbed this huge cereal snacks pasta and more Container this thing is huge. It's double the size of a normal cereal container But what I liked about it is it has a pour spout and I'm going to use it for palmer's food because of course He will be having puppy food while my dogs, of course have full grown dog food. Um, yes, please look at these hair bands $3.99 I know I couldn't pass them up. I wear them every time I work out and last but not least I picked myself up a new pillow I like them really really firm. So this is one of the shapeable memory foam 16 dollars. So not bad I think my total was right under 60 dollars, but that's my little ross hall. Are you gonna have some lunch with us?  We've had this before and we really like it I'm actually going to have two one cup servings because this is mainly what's going to make up my lunch And then I have a little bit of chicken tenderloins left over from a dinner that we had I'm going to go ahead and pop those on top of my salad So let me plate this up and I'll share points and calories. So here is my lunch You can see I topped it with those couple of small tenderloins and one point worth of parmesan I'm going to have some cantaloupe. This came from imperfect foods. Look at how juicy and delicious this cantaloupe looks They have such fantastic produce. So two servings of the salad is six points One point for the parmesan on top makes seven. Of course, my cantaloupe is zero.  Hey, did you already eat it? You know scavengering for any leftover crumb you guys are always asking for good clean ingredient bars So this company raw rev just randomly sent me their bars They showed up in my p.o. Box and you guys I am obsessed with these bars They are raw and they are vegan and they have Perfection when it comes to ingredients the raw rev glow bars come in seven different flavors peanut butter dark chocolate and sea salt creamy peanut butter and sea salt cookie dough Yes, please double chocolate brownie batter crunchy peanut butter and sea salt mix nut Caramel and sea salt and birthday cake You can pick up these bars in their sampler pack where you actually get one of each flavor You do get two of the peanut butter and dark chocolate sea salt for only 17 99 Which is not bad at all for eight different bars. And then you can use my code jens ww journey for an extra 10 off You can pick up boxes based on the type of nut that you're interested in like they have a peanut butter glow box They're absolutely incredible and like I said, they couldn't have cleaner ingredients Most of the bars are five points I did notice that one of the bars the mix nuts caramel and sea salt that bar was actually six points They range anywhere from 10 to about 15 grams of protein per bar Highly recommend definitely give them a try It's great to support a small business and if you're looking for high quality plant based protein That means there's no soy or whey They're raw Shocked full of super foods and of course they're vegan definitely check them out. Their prices are really good They do have free shipping with a $40 order and then of course my code Jens ww journey will get you an extra 10 off for 35 pm about to start dinner And my gallon of water is done for the day for dinner tonight I am making sausage penne in a creamy Tomato sauce anytime creamy is in the name of a recipe. I'm here for it So you're going to need some pasta. This is my last bag. I need to hop on to nutrition and place an order But this is the fiber gourmet a light penne pasta You guys know if you follow my channel, this is our go-to pasta Really the only thing we ever have on hand It is 100 calories per two ounce dry serving versus 210 of traditional pasta That makes this only two points for two ounces versus five to six points for two ounces 25 grams of fiber versus two grams and if you didn't know you should get at least 25 grams of fiber every day as a woman So this is your daily fiber in your pasta 17 net carbs versus 41 And seven grams of protein and it tastes amazing the texture the taste everything is so good I order mine off of netrition. They have all four shapes elbow penne Rotini and linguine and they have the best price So I always order off of their website, which I will be doing as soon as this goes in the oven But this is the pasta i'm using for tonight's recipe You're also going to need some garlic whatever sausage you choose I'm going to use these sam's choice chicken apple because they're only two points per link nice clean ingredients And they're absolutely delicious a can of crushed tomatoes italian seasoning light cream cheese Parmesan cheese chicken broth and salt and pepper So let's get started on dinner. The first thing i'm going to do is cut my sausages into coins And then i'm going to mince some fresh garlic I have a skillet warming up over medium heat with some non-stick cooking spray I did go ahead and dice up my sausage So i'm going to add that to the skillet and then you can see here that I minced Two cloves and then another really small Clove of garlic and we're going to add that as well And this sausage is cooked through But i'm going to let it warm all the way through so that it has a chance to meld flavors with the garlic While your sausage is browning go ahead and pull out another large pan You can see that this one is pretty deep We are going to cook the remainder of the meal and add the sausage as well to this pan So the first thing that we're going to add in Is the can of crushed tomatoes two and a half cups of chicken broth Italian seasoning and just make sure you season to your liking We're also going to add in a pinch of salt And a pinch of pepper and we're going to let this come to a low boil Our sausage is all browned the rest of our sauce is coming to a boil So i'm going to add in my pack of fiber gourmet pasta Stir that in and i'm going to put a lid on this halfway covering it And allow it to simmer until the pasta is most of the way cooked through my pasta has been cooking for about seven minutes I am going to go ahead and add in the sausage and garlic so that those flavors Can meld together while the pasta continues to cook once your pasta is cooked all the way through doesn't this look so good We're going to add two ounces of the one third less fat cream cheese And a quarter cup of parmesan cheese and then we're going to mix that all together And that's what's going to make this creamy and then in my microwave here. Hello I have some mixed vegetables So let me get this all cooked up and i'll plate it up and i'll be back to share points and calories So here's my dinner. This is a huge Serving of pasta. This is why I love fiber gourmet because you get a lot of pasta for two smart points So that whole pan made four servings I have another plate over here for my husband and then I just paired it with these great value organic california blend I'll add a little salt and pepper some spray butter to his It is four servings seven smart points on all plans for the pasta Not bad with pasta and the sausage five points on purple if you use the zero point pasta And remember those seven points are using fiber gourmet 309 calories. So not bad at all I can't wait to dig into this for dessert I'm going to have a serving of my cinnamon apple crisp that I made in meal prep on monday I had a little bite and I was like, yes, that's what i'm having for dessert So this is going to be my dessert one sixth of this pan and that'll round out my day of eating Thank you for joining me on another what I eat in a day on ww I hope you enjoyed coming along with me today seeing all of my meals that amazing dinner recipe A few fun things along the way as well And don't forget to check out that description box where you'll find nutrition coaching personalized macro and calorie calculation links discount codes to everything I shared with you today Highly recommend the raw red bar if you're looking for a really clean eating bar That's incredibly delicious and has a great amount of protein Check them out. They are linked down below along with all of my other favorite things and my facebook group So check out the description box. Don't forget to give this video a big thumbs up if you enjoyed it And last but not least subscribe ring the bell next to it So you're notified whenever I upload. Thank you so much for hanging out with me Happy wednesday, and i'll see you all in my next one


In this video, I'll discuss how we can build a polynomial ring. So let's start with an example we're already familiar with. So we're going to use the symbol r bracket x to denote the set of all polynomials with real coefficients. Now this forms a ring where addition is the usual polynomial addition that is we combine like terms.  That would be the sum. We just combine like terms. Then multiplication of polynomials is going to be defined by the usual sort of like foil method. You just use the distributive property, which case if we had something like x squared plus 2x plus 1 and we times that by say x cubed minus 5x, the usual multiplication here, the usual like distributive property, which is the extended foil method, you're going to get x squared times x cubed versus x to the fifth x squared minus 5x. It's going to give you a minus, we're going to put some little space here, we're going to get a minus 5x cubed right there. Then the next one you're going to take a 2x times a 3x, which gives us a 2x to the fourth. You're going to take a 2x times a negative 5x, which gives us a negative 10x squared.  And then you're going to get a minus 5x, for which then if there are any like terms, you would combine them together. So the product would be x to the fifth plus 2x to the fourth minus 4x cubed. There were some like terms there minus 10x squared minus 5x. That would be the polynomial product for which this thing is just the usual, the usual multiplication and addition of polynomials. This forms a ring. And in fact, rx here will form a commutative ring with unity, multiplication of polynomials does commute. And the unity will just be the constant number one, rx does include constant polynomials in this situation. Now we can generalize this construction. So in fact, if r is any ring whatsoever, we can define the polynomial ring, which will be denoted r of x. So r of x will be the set of all polynomials whose coefficients come from r. And so how do we add together polynomials? Well, we're just going to take the usual, let's take the usual combined like terms approach to add polynomials. So I had something like ax squared plus bx plus c.  How do you add like terms? Well, you look for the x cubed terms, there's just a dx cubed. The x squared terms, there are two x squares in play here. So you're going to take a plus e x squared, you're going to get a bx and then there are two constants in play here, you have c and f right here, you get c plus f, where in this situation, we're assuming a b c d e and f all belong to our ring. So when you combine like terms, the only thing that matters is that you can add together the coefficients. And this is the right way to approach it here because if you had something like ax squared plus ex squared, this is how addition ought to be defined because if I'm making a ring of polynomials, that ring should be distributive so I can factor out the x squared, in which case you get a plus e times x squared. This is the only way that multiplication could be defined using like terms. So if you can add together the coefficients, then you can add polynomials, that would have to be the case. What about multiplication? Well, multiplication is going to work the same way. If we had something like let's say like a one x squared plus b one x plus c one, and we're going to multiply that by like say a one x cubed plus b sorry a two x cubed plus b two x something like that. When you foil that out, then what you're going to get here is by the distributive law, right? By the usual distributive law, you're going to get something like the following.  So the distributive law was originally defined for just two elements in the sum. The distributive law can be extended to any arbitrary sum, which follows very quickly by induction here, for which then you're going to use the distributive property again after all the foil method basically means you distribute it twice with the two binomials. So we're going to distribute this thing again. And in case we end up with an a one x two times an a two x cubed like so plus a one x two times b two x, then the next one would give us, we're going to get some b one x times a two x three plus we're going to get some b one x times b two x like so. And then lastly, we'll get some c one times a two x cubed. And then we end up with some of the last one there c one times b two x. So again, respecting the order of the product right here, you then multiply these things out, multiply the coefficients together, you're going to get an a one a two x to the fifth. Next you'll get an a one b two x cubed. Next we get a b one a two a two times x to the fourth. Then you'll get a b one b two x squared. The next one will end up with a c one a two x cubed. And then lastly, we'll get a c one b two times x, for which if there's any like terms, we could add them together. So we have an x cubed and x cubed, that's a like, in which case, then if we put all these together, we get an a one a two times x to the fifth. Then we get a b one a two x to the fourth for the a three x three excuse me, we're going to get a one b two plus a c one a two x cubed. We had the b one b two x squared, and then a c one b two times x. So you can see this example that in order to multiply out the polynomial, what we needed is we need to have, we need multiplication, of course, of the coefficients. We also need addition of the coefficients. Basically, we need a ring in order to work with polynomials. And so therefore this forms the so-called polynomial ring. Okay, for which to form this polynomial ring, if our coefficients form a ring, then we can form this ring of polynomials, for which the usual addition of polynomials and usual multiplication of polynomials are the operations in play. This will form a ring, which for which addition is going to form will be a associative commutative. It has an identity, which is just a zero polynomial. It'll have inverses with just the negative polynomial. Multiplication will be associative. Multiplication will be distributive. Those are things we can guarantee for this ring. Now, if the ring of coefficients is commutative, then the polynomial ring will be commutative as well. So rx is commutative if and only if r is commutative. The polynomial ring will be commutative if and only if the coefficient ring is commutative. And notice here that I was very careful when I did my products. I never twisted the order. It's always a first term, second term, first term, second term, first term, second term, first term, second term, first term, second term, first term, second term. You see that. So even if the ring is non-commutative, we can make sense out of this polynomial multiplication. But if the multiplication of the coefficients is commutative, then the multiplication of the whole ring will be commutative. This is also true for rings with unity. r of x, the polynomial ring, will have unity if and only if r is a ring with unity, for which the unity will just be the constant polynomial one. So you'll get that f of x equals the constant polynomial one. That would be the unity of these rings. And so given a ring, it could be a commutative ring, commutative ring with unity, just ring with unity or just a ring, we can construct the so-called polynomial ring denoted r of x.


Broadcasting live via Think Tech Hawaii Studios in downtown Honolulu. Welcome to Top of the Line. I'm your host Ben Lau. Aloha and thank you for tuning in. Today I take note of the turn of the calendar and upcoming Lunar New Year. Our episode today is in line with all this. My guests today are especially dear to me. They have been viewers and supporters from the beginning, my beginning on this show. They have contributed questions for me to pose to previous guests as well as general guidance and feedback all along the way. I've referenced some of them in prior shows by name. Behind the scenes I've taken are referring to them as my A team, my advisory team. In almost a poetic way, today's four guests are the ideal bookend or bookends to my previous four guests. Ends and endings though is wholly off the mark. Slight pun intended there Mr. Mark Kazowitz. Whereas my previous guests have reached the pinnacle or are nearer to the summit of their professional endeavors, today's four guests are near the early beginnings of their own ascents. A sense up their own mountains of life, love, career. Their search for meaning and purpose. To borrow from one of their millennial contemporaries are nation's first youth poet laureate Amanda Gorman and the title of her poem read at the presidential inauguration. My A team bring fresh perspective as they face the hill we climb. That hill they each now seek to ascend. Alexa, D-Ren, Michael, Sabrina, thank you for joining me on the show today. Hello. Please let me have you introduce yourselves. Hey everyone, thanks so much for being with us today. My name is Michael Stricker and I'm a self-proclaimed problem solver. I graduated from Georgetown University in the spring of 2020, the degree in psychology and business. I since worked in both the hospitality and education industries with my most recent position being as a middle school math and religion teacher here in the Bronx. Looking forward to a great show guys. Hi everyone, my name is Alexa and I'm Dalian all the way from Taipei, Taiwan. A little bit about myself. I have a bachelor's in business and a master's in education and the weird mix because education is my business. I'm currently working at Junction Academy and I'm developing their international college counseling curriculum and I'm hoping to incorporate it into their day-to-day school so they all have a mission when they graduate and I'm currently just very excited to be on the show. Hi everyone, my name is D-Ren and I am a musician and an inspiring entrepreneur. I like to write songs, make wine and kombucha and all sorts of other things. I'm inspired by human connection, self-expression, mindfulness and human empowerment. After graduating from the University of Nebraska, I worked for a startup where we designed and manufactured robots that help students engage in critical 21st century skills. Since then I've been entering and focusing in the world of hospitality and food and where I hope to start my own restaurant someday. I'm thrilled to be on the show with you all today. Hi I'm Sabrina, thank you so much for having me on the show. I studied computer science at Wesleyan University and then I decided I wanted to pursue a career in medicine and started at Columbia University's post-bac pre-med program. I completed that last spring and now I'm working on a mental health technology startup while applying to medical school. Thank you, share with us. How have you been spending these past couple years? How has the pandemic affected you? The pandemic for me gave me opportunity to realize that I wasn't as happy as I could be. I wasn't making very much time for myself and I wasn't very present for my friends and family so I quit my role as CEO from the startup that I was working at so I could make time to do the things I really want to do.  Yeah that sounds great dear and you know COVID hit during the second semester of my senior year. I went from traveling, eating and being with friends 24-7 in Washington DC to moving back home to my family's house in suburban New York. That whole year I had been working in the hospitality industry as a business development analyst for Jose Andres' distinct food group. Unfortunately like so many others in the hospitality industry I lost my job that spring. A few months later my grammar school principal called and asked if I was interested in teaching in the archdiocese so I went home I dusted off my suit and I made my way to the Bronx to St. Francis to Chantel. I was originally supposed to be here for two weeks to help out an ailing teacher and 15 months later I think I've developed quite the curricula for both middle school math and religion. You know I always thought I'd be commuting into New York City in a shirt and tie but I thought I'd be taking the training to Grand Central as opposed to driving down 95 every single day to the Bronx and switching out quarterly reports for report cards has been quite the adjustment albeit a great learning experience. That sounds great Michael. I was going into my second semester of post back when the pandemic hit and similarly everything went online. One of my research positions and a lot of the other activities I was doing also suddenly were just not possible and so like many people I had to figure out what to do in this totally unprecedented situation and so I helped to create a COVID resource website. I called isolated seniors I began delivering free food to local hospitals for staff who were just so overworked and exhausted they didn't even have time to eat a meal and from bringing those meals I actually met somebody at a local hospital in the Bronx and he allowed me to shadow him and also do some research with him which was an amazing opportunity and because New York was such a hot spot for COVID there was also pretty much no clinical opportunities outside of that and so I ended up traveling to Kentucky to shadow a cardiologist there and so I think overall of course COVID was a really extremely challenging and difficult and terrible time but it did push me to find new and unique opportunities and it actually helped me find some really valuable experiences. It brought you close to first responders so it also brought you close to all the things that first responders had been dealing with right? Yeah and it was really it was amazing to see how you know in their own they were putting themselves in danger to just really help out all these people and do such important work. And how does that does that influence or inform you as to what you've chosen to do now? Yeah I think it really just confirmed how important this work is and it really made me know even more that this is what I want to be doing. Wow Sabrina I feel that you work in the industry that I was just very commendable. I guess I've been very lucky in COVID because I live in Taiwan and my country has been in lockdown for two years. We have a two-week quarantine for everyone that travels and so in that way life is generally normal here except no one can go anywhere. However I've had my own challenges. I've made large career pivots in my life. I went from business to education. I was training for sales leadership at Coca-Cola and now I'm apprenticing under management at Jenshin Academy. I also pivoted in languages going from an English speaking environment to getting a master's degree in my second language Chinese because I want to get to know the Taiwan education landscape and it was one of the hardest things I've ever done. I had to memorize every single slide given to me by my professors to scaffold language and knowledge and now I've transitioned from a mentee to a mentor role where I'm helping my current students and I'm kind of an unconventional teacher because I'm always trying to teach them business skills and as I said before setting goals and reaching out to people using Google Calendar, managing their time and leveraging LinkedIn and all these kinds of skills so that they'll be prepared when they leave high school. Alexa you're not just someone who's pivoted geographically and career-wise going from New York to California or from Taiwan to California back to Taiwan. You're sort of grooming yourself and being groomed for this somewhat of a determined or determinable future right? You are focused in Taiwan and plan to be there. Definitely I had a 10-year plan but it was so hard pivoting definitely. Thank you guys. Can you share a little bit about your hopes and dreams your aspirations expectations maybe with a little bit more detail? Absolutely you know I take a rather utilitarian approach to success meaning that I'm interested in providing the most good into the world. After being laid off from was a really great position with a celebrity chef I realized just how capricious my own success was. When I started as a teacher at St. Francis I recognized the importance of helping others achieve their goals. You know I don't want my students to just shoot to work and become pharmacists. I want them to own their own pharmaceutical companies and personally for me spending a Tuesday afternoon covering for gym class and throwing the football outside or decorating our classrooms for Christmas is a far better use of time than going to any corporate retreat. So you know I want my kids to recognize their own potential, find the joy in education, hard work and most importantly just being their best true selves. I think that's a great approach to success. Michael remind me if I'm correct but you've only been out of college yourself for a couple years you're already giving back to society and raising others. Yes sir what can I say you know the Catholic education has really proven to be quite instrumental in my own professional career. Thank you. I would say that I can really connect with you as an educator. When I was working at Coal Cull and Sales all my KPIs were about myself and since I started working at a school and working with students I started realizing that it's much more rewarding when I can influence others and really bring them up and it just brightens my day when I can see my students' eyes light up when they come up with a new idea or did something on their own that they did not expect and so I would say working in education my entire perspective has changed. That's pretty amazing Alexa. My hopes for the future are that we as a human race can come together and think critically on how can we raise one another up. My goal in the next five years is to start my own restaurant that is 100% run by renewable energy and I'd like to be able to offer really competitive wages that allow my professionals that I'm working with to be able to enrich themselves and to be able to empower themselves as well. That's great. Combine that with your very wonderful talent as a musician, as a performing artist, I think a winning combination. Look forward to hearing all about. Thank you for sharing your goals. I kind of wonder how you've shared those goals but have they changed or the strategies in achieving your goals along the way changed? So as I mentioned in college I studied computer science and then I later changed to medicine and so I think I have felt a lot of pressure in high school to pick what I was planning to do basically for the rest of my life at such a young age and so for me I chose computer science because I thought it was a technical skill that I could apply to a lot of different fields and so my goal was always to try to apply that to something else and so even though I switched fields to some extent for me it was actually more of like a focusing on my original goal and especially because I want to become a doctor but I also hope to apply technology to hopefully find a way to just improve healthcare in some way and right now I've become particularly interested in applying artificial intelligence to medicine and I'm actually taking a course on machine learning right now so I'm trying to keep up my technical skills while applying to medical school. Sounds like we're all making pivots here that's amazing Sabrina the way you want to fuse these different fields and disciplines together. So for me pre-pandemic I wanted my main values that would drive me were to be famous to be well known and to you know be really financially successful but I found myself being really miserable instead working the job I was working don't tell my dad I was working for his company excuse me but yeah I was miserable and I decided that it was time for me to move on so I moved to Austin Texas I became a janitor and six months later on the hat I was the happiest I've ever been I released two songs which is something that I've been wanting to do for the last 15 years I fell in love and then I also had time to explore the different areas of interest for other professions that I was considering at the time and I learned how to live a little bit more simply and and what really made me tick in terms of being happy but I couldn't have done that if I hadn't redefined my value system to slightly healthier values. Diren you just touched upon this in bringing up your father in the past with robotics he's been the head of robotics and engineering at a major university in the United States. Let me ask you all generally how do you think your outlooks and perspectives vary from others in your lives others such as your parents your grandparents? Yeah so one thing that I've recognized is the importance to not just stay with the status quo but instead to really innovate and push forward. One thing I've recognized in some of my jobs is the need for some people who've been here for a while to just work in the past so this is what we need to do now and therefore it's going to work in the future. However what I've recognized is it didn't work in the past it's not working now so we need to change in order to find a way forward. You know when we recognize that we need to take initiative and if we recognize that if we try and do the same thing over and over again and expect different results that's just not going to work. So if we want to improve and get better we need to take chances and some of those chances are going to be wrong we're going to have some step backs but that's okay because in order to be successful moving forward it's going to take all of us to truly try and innovate. I totally agree with you Michael I feel like there's you know we don't settle our generation millennials Gen Z whatever comes after that maybe that's called Gen P we I don't know we don't settle yeah we don't settle for the let for the least amount of things that we can accomplish or the least impact that we can do and I think that's because we have more in our fingertips than ever before we have the interwebs the internet the cloud so so many things that have advanced us forward we see how there's so many we saw the wonderful things online of people people doing great things and we we understand that there's all this extra space for not just these people that are already there but for us as well and we have this really high level of integrity for ourselves to not stoop to a certain level and you know some of us have this safety net as well we're a little bit in better financial standing than past generations and I think that really enables us to take the road less traveled more often to take more risks and take more chances especially when that means being able to raise the tides for other people while also improving ourselves great answers guys great answers we have we have educators among you we have two professional educators among you I got a touch upon that can you go educators tell us more about this important area and your experiences especially at a time such as this oh yeah throw the question back at the other educator in the chat now Alexa what have you seen as being the biggest gaps in education what are you guys doing to address them as I've said before technology has been such an asset to the generation of students nowadays however I feel that our ability to be able to change the channel every time we don't like something has also made them I guess lack a bit of grit and perseverance and intention and so one of the things that my school has been doing is that we have a mountaineering program and in this program we train students to climb mountains kind of like the show and over the course of a year they climb different mountains of different heights and they will ultimately train up to climb a 3500 meter mountain over four days this is one of the toughest heights that any of them ever had to do and through falling and just suffering and thinking that they can't do it all of them will push through at the end of four days and learn that sometimes it's worth pushing through and getting to the other side and this is a program that I love that the students love that really changes their lives and I hope through this program you know we can train the next generation to have a little more grit Oh absolutely and you know I think I go on the same wavelength as you when we're talking about technology well it is a fantastic asset and it becomes all-consuming it becomes a significant problem actually last year during finals I put a challenge to some of my students I told them that if you guys come and you show me that you've deleted TikTok off your phone or Snapchat or YouTube or whatever it is that takes up the majority of your time if you cannot go on that for a single second during finals week then I'll give you guys extra points on your test and most importantly if every single person in the class bands together and does not participate in this then everyone will get extra points on both their math test and their religion test and and to the credit of the students they went without TikTok they went without YouTube and I remember when I first posed this challenge they thought no we won't be able to do this we need it and after the first day the second day they were telling me wow I got a lot of sleep last night I helped my parents cook I did the dishes I talked with my grandparents and to me that was really interesting to see you know recognizing that technology is an asset but also we can step away from that you know I think that the importance of applicable skills to education is key whether that be engineering or just or mountaineering or whether that's you know to step away from technology at any given time you know how important really is the Pythagorean theorem sure you know the basic theory maybe not so much but the discipline to solve these complex problems and maybe even to struggle through it and get a couple questions wrong along the way well you know now that's crucial you know students need to be motivated to care about their education especially when it's challenging and in order to do that we need to make it fun and applicable that's great that's great Michael and thanks for the takeaway so the stock advice is to short social media definitely as you talk goods out of it your generation as Diren touched on this has been you know labeled in many many different ways and who knows what other labels will come I thought this was quite interesting and provocative your generation has been labeled as the unluckiest generation what are your thoughts about that I don't agree that we're the unluckiest generation I think all generations have their ups and downs and that we're definitely included in that but I think I mean even within the medical field I was recently speaking to a female physician who was of an older generation and she was telling me how incredibly difficult it was for her in medical school she was super outnumbered by her male peers and then once she went to residency she felt like she constantly had to deal with prejudice and bias and she originally wanted to be a surgeon and the environment was so uncomfortable for her that she actually changed specialties so well of course many of those biases still exist to some extent today medical schools now are usually around 50% or more female and if I was lucky to be admitted to medical school I feel like I could pursue whatever specialty I'm interested in and so from that regard I think we've made a lot of progress in some ways no look while that might be the case at the end of the day in our generation today we have continued racial discrimination we're dealing with climate change a mental mental health crisis that's awful and ever-increasing disparity in wealth and on top of all this people are ever more attuned to these issues through social media and the globalized world when we immerse ourselves in these issues not just on any given hour of any given day but constantly throughout our entire lives there's no way this couldn't be troubling long term we've seen in just the past two years how online learning hybrid learning virtual learning has taken such a toll on the generation of kids and students that we need to be impressing upon the most so with that in mind you know I think we've had our our true share of adversity over the past couple years I feel like this is a dual-sided sword that we're talking about here in terms of being the unluckiest or luckiest generation because I feel like our well-being is quite good as a generation we have so much information we have the internet and other so many other resources in the United States we're fortunate to have a quite a strong education system as well as the ability to act freely and to think freely which is critical for our nation but on the other hand we are dealing like you said with immense well with other immense problems such as climate change like you like you mentioned and then there's of course the immense polarization of political parties and all of these problems are going to eventually come to the surface and become more and more visible as time goes on which is inherently going to create a lot more stress on our generation because we're going to be the ones to solve it and as well as the future generations so it's up to us to come together and have compassion to have different perspectives so that we can solve these problems and one of the good things is that we are really quite well equipped going further and further into the future as we come closer together to solve these problems but again we can't really do it on our own we have to bring up and we have to bring up the underprivileged communities as well you know not just the privileged view right you know you said come closer together what impressed me about this group is you guys come close together very quickly find common things just without even having to try you have the common aspirations and goals and wanting to be of service to others and give back at such early ages and early stages of your own careers I have really been very impressed and proud to know you and in ways you're all educators and all teachers and this one student is very grateful I mean you have so much there's you know against you too you have so much with loving parents and support networks as you all have sort of touched upon but you know I had one or two financial crises around the time I graduated you had one of the biggest ones ever we have occasional illnesses and things like that and some of those crises or viruses don't touch all of our lives the latest one is one of the longest and it's we're nowhere near the end of it and you've all talked about how it's caused you to adjust your life or even contributed to your I think DRN referred to it as his misery but that may also have been what he was doing just you've got an indefatigable optimistic taken on kind of thing do you guys are you confident that you're going to be able to help continue the human race and and fight these things off including climate change which more of a certainty than a theory yeah absolutely you know I think that we've all recognized that we have these immense problems and we're not just going to push it to the next generation we're not going to wait for someone else to solve it for the type of people who like to see okay this is the problem we have it wasn't working before it's obviously not working now so like I said before we don't change it it's not going to fix itself on its own in the future I think that's great is the fact that we're able to be you know interconnected not just all across the country but right now we've got people all across the world tuning in working with each other communicating all at the end of the day looking to solve problems and that's pretty great I'm going to take a leap but I didn't hear much political activism in in any of you and that's maybe a blind and and broad assumption what do you do about those politicians that are there who it's anyone's question who they represent we just wait for them to move on till your generation can take hold or are you already seeing your generation beginning to take hold and make these changes make these positive corrections well you know Ben going to school in Washington do you see it George Shouts maybe the most political school if there is you know I had people who at the ripe old age of 18 were already saying this is one I'm going to run for state senator this is one I'll be a representative this is what my senate bid is going to look like they have these plans in place and like I said before we have more and more young people who are jumping into politics we have more and more young people who are jumping into activism I think that we are going to need to build from the bottom up like DRN said we can't just focus on the privileged few right those aren't going to need the people who are going to make the change we need to focus on everyone especially the underprivileged the people who have been the victims of all the problems that we have in society those are the people who are going to come in those are the people who knows what the problems are and know how to fix it thank you Michael oh my yeah on my end I would say that I would educate students to care and to vote and have an opinion and I think that is something that we can do as well in addition to just educating the minority do any of you have anything else to add we have to get ready to wrap this up nothing on my end okay if that's the case I want to thank you so much again I'm not going to belabor that point let me turn my appreciation to viewers viewers thank you for tuning in today I hope you've enjoyed these fresh voices and perspectives as much as I have best wishes to you and may the positive energies and thoughts from today's group carry you through the days ahead from my home and my guests to yours for me and my family and my extended family to you and yours my A-team and I wish you Mahalo and Aloha thank you and thank you to our host Ben who's done a wonderful job with the show thanks Ben thank you guys


This is a second paper at the conference this year. I did an earlier paper on time, and I'm working on these two issues and Hall's work because they have been basically eliminated from the anthropological teachings in schools presently. And I think there's some stuff, as I came to the end of my teaching career, I was getting a little past it with young people reinventing the wheel. I really don't mind new hubcaps, but I think the wheel has been done. So I'd like them to be able to go on from what is being done and build on it. And that's why I turned to this. So I start here because I'm very interested right now in how families pull together. And of course, this is my mitochondrial DNA group right now. That's me with my daughters, my granddaughters and my great-granddaughter. So that's interesting for me because many of the communities we're looking at are actually communities of kinship. Now, Edward T. Hall, which I'm specifically focusing on his work, started analysis both on the personal or micro somatic level, and he worked to the macro level of responses to the environment that come to form the cultural sensibilities, fundamentally how they dictate how we live in place and together in a specific culture. A wider understanding of his Catholic sensibilities could be seen in Roger's early publication of Hall's correspondence with Marshall McLuhan. And not only did Hall contribute to McLuhan's groundbreaking work on media, but he also influenced the American architect's systems theorist and futurist, Buckminster Fuller. As an aside here, we could consider systems theory and see that they have utility for the archeologists. And in this context, I'm starting to look at this, I'm suggesting that we're sitting here in contexts as uncovered, discovered, situations and space and time, and they offer us opportunities to develop a recognition of our observations. And we compose our observations analysis in the serendipitous frame of circumstances of the identifiable environment we are presented in all curves and the segregation of our knowledge that is culturally constructed through various categories of identification, self and other, such as class and so forth, which I will turn to later. And societies in this sense are important here too, and I'm going to come back to this. Now, why I'm interested in showing these structures to you is that because Hall himself in the 1930s went into the Southwest United States as an agent of the American government, and he starts to work with Navajo and then he worked with Poydler people. And eventually he completed a PhD under the auspices of France Boas and actually the year Boas died, 1942. And of course the issue here was that Boas really pushed his students in terms of historical particularism. He wanted them to really look at individual cultures in and of themselves and their cultural histories and how they identified themselves. Exterior from how anthropologists had sometimes in the past worked with considering us in terms of, let's say, Louis Henry Morgan's view of, you know, the savages, the barbarians and the civilized. And so he came, he was a Middle East, a Middle West American. And he came to this aha moment to a deep understanding of the primary differences emphasized intra-culturally that framed interactional dynamics from the individual to the group, manifesting space, places implicitly and explicitly defined and used by a specific group. The analysis of human use of space he came to call proxemics. And I make the distinction here for us to understand the difference between the concept of emic and eddic because emic is from the perspective of the people who live in their own group and eddic is how the perspective is interpreted by the exterior person looking in as an observer. From this work he continued on and subsequently he actually did work on time as well as he understood that time and place go together. So the use of anthropologists by the military at that time was also part of his work. As was common with Margaret Mead and Ruth Benedict to the Second World War and subsequently he developed a study area run for the American government for their diplomats and training them how to work in other cultures in an appropriate way. So he wrote the silent language and then this in 59 and then was followed by the hidden dimension which specifically spoke to how space was used. And eventually he produced the book Handbook for Proxemic Research in 1974 where he presented his theoretical approach, methodology, notation, practices and statistical analysis to be able to do this work. His research presented a macro analysis of cultural landscapes and the micro analysis of the dynamics of everyday interpersonal life. He effectively defined for us public and social and intimate spaces in which we live and particularly starting with the bubble of ourselves and our first face to face with another human being and where we will even stand near of them and not to participate. Hall turned his attentions to humans living in time which was the paper I gave you earlier. And as he worked on he also prepared us for the future in terms of looking at how things were going to be in the future. It is 1976 book Beyond Culture. He talked about extension transference specifically to culture where extension transference of culture happens naturally when people are unaware of the extent to which culture shapes how they perceive time and space or that culture shapes their perception of this at all. And so he worked from there. Now, so I start here with some of the stuff that we're going to look at and go through and slides and I'll talk to without looking at notes mostly on it. Societies look for structure for chaos and this can be accomplished by structuring space and place. And of course here this is from Madaba and Jordan where I worked for a period of time and this is Jerusalem as it is seen, the wall. And this speaks to this is what and of course as you go out on the map you're going to see that the environment is around it too and the fish you can even identify the fish as to their species in how they were shown. And mapping landscapes and finding kinship and family are also part of this as well. And of course this is the Sakotunpan village map in Turkey and this is, we're starting to see them grouped together by color, these are kinship groups. And so we're starting to see things clustering together near each other and so but look at the blue group up here they're pretty tight gang. And so what you see the maps are starting the villages starting to show I'm suggesting that sometimes in the clustering we see in archeology we're actually seeing this type of stuff there as well. And so we have to think about this in the diachronic and the synchronic linking positions in space and time from the individual to the cultural development of a worldview, situating their being in mundane and transcendental ideas indeed the universe as perceived. And of course we see time in terms of the group we're living with and we see time as the groups we live that come is our history and our perspective of what they may be in the future. So we're always working in these types of systems. So I want to give two ideas before we get into detail in his work on two concepts of territoriality and temporality. And I want to use the Sunni as the example here because there's such good records from the 1800s through and actually back through the Spanish records as well as I worked with before in that pottery that I did that you published for me. And I want to use examples here. I'm going to start with the Sunni Waffle Gardens in 1919 owned by matrilineal clans. And traditionally the clan no longer exists if no one's still alive to use it that land goes back into transcendental space that is not allowed to be used by anybody else. So space can belong and not belong on the basis of the people that are there living it. So that's an important thing. The gardens remain untouched at that time. And two overriding aspects there for a space for the Sunni and other poignant people are territoriality and their place in time. So territoriality is defined by various constructs catchment to room size to the crib we even sleep in and the grave we go to when we die. Example land use is defined by Sunni people select maps I have here some of their diverse land usages and the catchment as a defining term is nebulous and boundaries are contextual although the defining specific economic territory is very in placement inside they're encompassed within the religious use area if we look at the whole thing. And so what we can look at is these four maps of many in this particular publication. And first map is the agricultural area gosh it looks like a rabbit almost and the second one is plant collection area and the next one is hunting area and the last one is the religious map and the religious map encompasses them all but please note that these territories are different. It's not just one territory in which they live in a multiple IDs of territory only held together by the religious concept of who they are. And then time or temporality village space over time we do see changes. Well, Pecos is an excellent site for that because the Spanish coming and so forth so on but Pecos through deep time in New Mexico goes back thousands and thousands of years and we can look at it from Kinder's work at the beginning of the 20th century. This year we seek to understand cultural ethos for stability or change in the use of space and the Zuni village and we have a sequence of four village plans. Here the heart of the community has a stability seen in the central plaza and the mission Nuestra Signora de Guadalupe developed by the Spanish but the traditional kinship based room blocks become more diffuse in their construction over time. This suggests a change in clan kinship density and structure and a more diffuse world that they're living in. And if we look at these, the four sites and the star represents where the church is we have 1891, 1915, 1948 and 1972. And this is actually I think a pretty good almost a hundred years swath of them. In terms of the encroachment of the American government and so forth so on, they've actually contained themselves pretty well but it has become more diffuse and less populated. So lots of rural communities have that happen. So, but we see that there. So out of this I want to now turn to the proxemics that was being spoken about in Edward T. Hall's work. He talks about infracultural, pre-cultural and micro-cultural in terms of how we look at how things are structured. The first one is our phylogeny past. The second one is our actual censoring physiological responses. And the third one is our micro-cultural, the observational level that we actually work at for our behavior. Sometimes we're not awake to what's really going on but it is there. And so he says that this personal proxemic dimension determinants are very intimate, personal, social and public. Our body posture, body orientation, lateral displacement of our bodies. And of course we see this in how we have a picture of us on the subway, for example. Change of orientation, change of distance, gestures, kinesthetes, effect intensity, eye behavior, auditory codes, which I will come to. I think I have it here. Auditory code, linguistic style, voice, loudness, listening, behavior, old faction, thermal code, bodily involvement and seeking or avoiding touch. So those are the things that place us where we want to be.  Garlic space. Pardon? Garlic space. Yeah, garlic space, exactly. It's a perfect word to call it, garlic space. Okay, so Edward T. Hall shifts voice. For example, he talks about voice in specific ranges and distances. Very close, close, near, neutral, neutral, public distance, across the room and stretching the limits of distance. So he even talks about how voice is used. And of course before we have our phones that we talk to each other across the room in, we all, this is how people lived. This is how they figured out where they're gonna contact each other. Oh, can I go back? No, I can't, can I? I wanted to go back. Can I go back? No, I wanna go back too. Oh, that's good, that's good. Because of course here, it's all in terms of space, me, me, me. Because you are, in terms of this, the center of this pool around, it's sort of the Doppler effect again, but with human beings that we talked about the other day. Now, intimate distance is so very infracultural or pre-cultural. It's when the presence of the other can be overwhelming and unmistakable because of the sensory input. For example, you don't really see the other and the flush of passion, you're so close in on each other, just perfect, right?  And different drop, and of course in terms of this, then again, it speaks to the intimacy of hand-to-hand combat. So different from dropping bombs and creating collateral damage. Hand-to-hand combat is very intimate, except the smell of the person, the blood of them splashing on you, the taste of it even, right? And plastic words in a modular language, I'll let you report them in terms of how this is all discussed. In the far-phase sensory input lessons, but frequency not enough for many North Americans to be comfortable with interactions with strangers, since olfactory garlic space and thermal signals can still be evident. North Americans have problems with that. And of course, and I look at this in terms of mochi culture, AKA early, pre or proto-chimu, and pottery depictions of intimate spaces, the closeness. Now, are redefining these as erotica, as porn, or are lessons for how to do things?  But we all, and we have this also, this is Egyptian, the closeness of touching another human being and having it pictured. And over here, portraits from the mochi as well. What I like about them is they are actual faces of real human beings. They're not just the same face made again and again on a pot. They're actually real human individual portraits of males, both males and females in sexual activity, childbirth, female butt supporter may be male. Females of power depicted as religious figures and ceremonial performance art. This moves through the four spheres of space use, intimate, personal, social, and public, and a specific female portraits are rare and non-existent. Why in this culture, when so much of this is shown, are females so shallow shown? There's a question the archeologist needs to think about. Personal distance. Whoa, personal distance. Here are two objects. We see form and texture, way to maintain very clear visual images, and perhaps due to danger, we may see people that are iffy and try to keep a bit away from them. And so we were able to pick up subtle nuances and change of affect defect to interpret perhaps dangerous feelings of the interacting with the other and so on. And sometimes we keep people at arm's length, push them away. And we see this also in terms of this personal, rulers bringing people in closer to themselves into this personal space. And there's an example from Mesopotamia and one from Egypt here again. Social consultative distance. Whoa, where is that culture? Of course, I'm going to use an example from my field work in Botswana many years ago. And I'm giving you a model of a house in a community there, which is quite evident, but we find it archeologically as well. We do know it's headman house because there's only had meat bones around it. That wall there that we see that around many yards would be considered. You could look over and say hello to somebody. That is actually has an invisible wall that goes right up. It's rude for you to speak through that wall to somebody in there, it's headman's house.  And as you go by, what you're doing is the headman will call a man in, not a woman. To come in and share food with him. And the food is usually ceremonially prepared. The head or an animal is being hunted. The headman gives other parts of the body away to the widows and orphans in the community. But this is the place where the headman shares and has consultative behavior with other males in the community. And that's a very interesting sort of social consultative distance type thing and it's gender-based as well. That's very interesting in that. Mirror behavior and body language stance and interaction distance can be a useful tool for cultural anthropology and participant observation. But it cannot be disconcerting in the sunglass instance. Since we focus so much on eye contact and we have only us contact when we use mirror sunglasses. Now in the Middle East, when I worked there for a considerable period of time, you never wore sunglasses, if you were, mirrored sunglasses to go off and talk to other people in the community because it's so rude.  That's an important thing there. So we have to think about how this is all worked out. So inside and outside and basis of context, public, private, public, consultative. And of course I lived in the Middle East and houses like this, they're still there. And I want to speak about, and there's that house again, but I wanna speak about this in terms, I don't know if I have it on the next slide but it's something I'm going to come back to, is that the house in many communities is has public space at certain times of the day. And at other times of the day, it's completely private. And it has places that are actually so private that people even from other families don't have access. This has to do with the Modafa room which is a visiting room as opposed to non-visiting rooms. And that type of stuff is there. So I don't know if I have it here but let's see if I do. No, I don't, but I have some other communities. Like for example, I lived for a period of time at the Bedouin and the Bedouin then their large tents have a front space and a back space. The front space is the equivalent of the Modafa.  So sometimes you're leaning on your ferocious and you're actually leaning on a pillow that's a gulp.  And then there's a curtain wall. There's another little far pit back there and a far pit in the front. This has to be an archeology, I know it is. And in the back, sometimes there's a little rise in the earth and in there are women and children. And that's exceptionally, exceptionally, it's haram, it's forbidden to go in there. It's a private, private space. It goes to the concepts of bathing spaces and washrooms, hammams and stuff like that in terms of privacy. And indeed what I always told my students when they come to do their work in these communities is that the night before they're invited to the house they must not drink any fluids and they must pee, pee, pee before they go because they're not allowed to ask for a washroom when they're in that house. Unless the people say to them they have a public washroom for them to use. And I say, you hold it and you get back. And when you come back to our hammam, you use it then.  You're gonna drink tea till you're ready to pop because that's how they welcome you in. Watermelon and cookies and tea and so forth so on.  You know what I mean? So you have to think about how this structured. But then when we start to look at these houses I'm giving you several types here. I'm giving you two types of these houses in which these people live. Matrilino and Patrilino's. This is a Patrilino society. This is Algonquian. This is a Sault Ste. Marie and the mid 1800s. Please note that there's trade goods coming in on the houses in terms of cannabis and blankets and so forth being used. This is an Iroquoian village. Matrilino houses, groups of women are living together, bringing their children up. This is the same. These are Algonquians along the Eastern shore when the Europeans first came. Please note they grow the same crops but look at the difference in their house structures. Large structures for multi-generational women and their daughters and granddaughters living together. Patrilino, the switch. But they're doing very much same things but they run their stuff differently. This is a Patrilino community. This is a patriarchy, Patrilino type community. Structures and how they're put together are telling you something about the kinship in the past. Public distance. Whoa, this was my Bethnoir, that pyramid right there.  I had to come down backwards on my hands and knees. When you stand on the step, you cannot see the step in front of you. This taking the step is an act of religious acceptance that it will be there. Truly it is. That I think is purposeful. This public space. Furthermore, for the priests to come down those steps, you just think we know from the carvings on their buildings what their clothing was like. And their clothing had iridescent bird feathers and jade all carved and metal sparkling and so forth and they couldn't step down straight to go. They went across that thing like this back and forth. What a religious show. This public space in terms of religion. Unbelievable. And then of course we could think about it in terms of central and plaza places in front of the one down here. And of course I've given you a West Coast orator and his speaking in terms of speaking to the community. He stands with his copper in his arm and he has a behavior, a sway that goes with the words he speaks which is historical and documentary in terms of his culture. And that copper is so significant that someone who's a great power can go and smash it and throw it away into the ocean. Sort of like buying your new Mercedes Benz and burning it, you know, just to prove you have it sort of type thing. Now, so in this flight fright engagement depends on sensory input and distance means the nuances of voice become lost. So it is not surprising. Narration styles have specific qualities to them specific cultures. All terms this frozen style and here I think very early movie images Boas made of cocktail on the Orators in the West Coast of Canada. They have a specific stance holding the copper in one arm and using formalized speech patterns with the body in a slight sway. And we have pictures of this from Edward Curtis. And so this is all cultural big time stuff going on. And here's all of these open spaces. This is Ren Condato that I mentioned to you earlier that didn't ever have a roof on it. It's got a secret passage coming up. It's huge, gigantic. This is a very big public space. Dance drums, these are dance drums in here and unbelievable building. This is like a cathedral. This type of public space in terms of out there and people coming together to do things. And in Chaco now they're thinking that it was a central place bringing a lot more people into it as well. And here's the Kenyatta Place where I mentioned when I said to you about the open one, it's up in here. And of course Chaco's over here. I took my husband up the Rio Grande day and he never been there and he sat down at one of the places in Karate. He says, I saw it in the National Geographic when I was a child and never thought I'd be here. Some of those are closed now, they're trying to protect them. But these types of places, these buildings, just public space, and we have to think about how public space is composed. And of course, I think the long buildings in a public space that you talk about are more hierarchical in terms of their structure. Who sits at the front and who sits at the back? Whereas this is more circular. What Hall would suggest is something important too, because he sees space like this as a socio, oh God, oh God, my goodness. If it's round space, it's socio-pedal. It means broad, brings everybody. If it's a space like this, it's designed in such a way as the boss sits here and tells you what to do. It's a different way of things, you see. And he talks about that as well. Public space in Kenyatta, Hopi territory, where the Cajenas dance, still in use of special occasions. And here it is, this huge, huge open kiva. And the school children are brought there till today. And they do have special ceremonies still there at certain times. Open to the sky, assumed to be so in chocolate sights at Ringandado, because they didn't think they had large enough trees to cover it. However, the four base foundations for the roof support, wood pillars are evident, nonetheless, because that number four is important. And here is actually a reconstruction of one of these kivas. It's at the Aztec site. And then one, the building in the center was done by the American government. This is what these buildings look like inside. The center thing here is a far, these are dense drums. And the four pillars come up and they support this wood roof. This is the Sipapu. Yes, the Sipapu is there too. The Sipapu is the opening to the underworld, where in the last recreation after the world was destroyed, the spirit forces brought humans back to the surface. But by the way, according to their view, we are in the last world forever now, behave. So there it is. So kivas regardless, the Pueblo group are dominated by males. Aztec, New Mexico reproduction of medium, this is a medium kiva. Men's space with subsidiary support from women, matrilateral society. Men and their sons at kiva, sons belong to their mother's kin line. Well, in the economy, men are engaged with their sister's sons and lineage and clan, both tied by kinship to an economic land base. So the men and their sister's sons are tied to the land for the economy, but they're tied to their sons by birth to a religious structure. So this pulls it all together, crosses, it's like a netting through the society. So we need to think about these structures and how they're used to net communities together. That's the big thing in terms of this type of stuff. I'm just about done, I think. And then of course, a fixed feature space and semi-fixed feature space. And I've given you three types of cooking spaces from what I worked in Jordan, and I want to mention the term in a minute. This is Egyptian public ovens. They're fixed space and public. This is a fixed space to burn oven in northern, northwestern Jordan and near the water Yarmouk in Umkes. And it's fixed space, but private. Although I've worked in ovens in other people's houses, they invited me in, but it's their place. And this is the Bedouin camp I lived in. This is Abu Mustafa, Abu Abdullah, Mohammed Ibrahim's mother, making bread on her tin canada at the top of the oil drum sitting on three stones. This is a tabern, but movable, completely movable. And people that move all the time have this type of gear that go with them. So we have three types of public in space, and those that are private and those that are not fixed space at all. So you have to look at a fixed and non-fixed. And when she leaves, there's three stones left there far in between. Any pit you find with three stones had to have something over it. That's just how it works. And of course, here I put this in. This is the tomb I found in Wadi Ziklab in 87, and Tabakafal Buma. And subsequently excavating there, what were houses we found and children entombed on death, entombed in the storage vessels in the walls of the houses, the keeping of the child in the private space. And we find this in Iroquoian villages as well. They're buried under the floors in the houses as well. And in the Iroquoian example here on, particularly, these children are not taken out to go to the seven, about seven year cycle of a subsidiary of secondary rebarrows. Everybody's buried from several communities all brought in to reinforce kinship things and reburied in this ossuary. But certain people are not taken there, and children buried in floors of houses remain with their families and their kin group. And sometimes seriously powerful medicine people or people who have drowned are left buried in the community and not moved out to the ossuary that is developed. We're just about there. And of course, women working together, grinding corn, women washing clothes together in the Middle East, men making beer, whoopee, archaeologists and beer, they sort of go together. And so we see these types of group activities as well, out in the public, many of them, but still usually people associated with each other. Semi-fix and feature space, and I've talked about that already. Let me just see if I've left anything out here. Oh, here's sociopetal and sociofugal space designs. The sociofugal is the one that's more hierarchical than the sociopetal when it's round.  Anyway, oh, here's the tents I wanted to talk about. You see the interior of the tents in terms of, this is the wall here.  Now, I'd like to point out to you that in the communities I lived in, the villages in this part of the world, after living with the Badawing, the smaller homes in the peasant villages are two spaces. They're a repeat into a solid structure of what the tent was like before. And we see them setting themselves into this type of space. So our awareness of our place in space begins in the somatic and psychological levels with fright flight responses interlink the affective fact. So there we are, wherever we go, we are at home if we can make a home for ourselves if we're mobile that has a certain structure. Define our boundaries of our being, the diverse webs of our lives and interactions. Strangely, perhaps, it's all micro and macro social string theory. Seen from Mortimer Wheeler's box, a grid box system of excavations, subsequently named the Wheeler Kenyan system. And to John Archibald Wheeler, the quantum chap who defined the black hole. And of course, if we think of the black hole in time space, we are always on the edge of now. And that's what we're doing when we're looking at this, the edge of now. It is all of one, just different fractal dimensions challenging us on how we think of space. How do we engage in understanding the landscapes of self and place? What can we understand of social and cultural meaning as we attempt to articulate with very varied and partial worldviews? So now the big question. How are these issues viewed from a cross-cultural perspective? And how are they manifest in archeological evidence beyond the obvious when we have to negotiate the barriers of otherness to come to an understanding of another time and place? Thank you very much. Thank you.


Bruce Lee's advice to designers absorb what is useful discard what is useless add what is specifically your own