Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar IA's Academy dated 28th April 2019. Displayed are the list of news articles taken up for today's analysis from Chennai, Bengaluru, Delhi and Thiruvananthapuram editions. The handwritten notes in PDF format and time stamping of the news articles is given in the description section below. For the benefit of the smartphone users, the time stamping of news articles is given in the comment section The first news article is address the innovation deficit in neglected diseases. This news article appears in Science column in page 13 of Chennai edition and in page 15 of Bengaluru, Delhi and Thiruvananthapuram editions. This news article will be relevant in your prelims preparation under current affairs of national importance and under general science and in your mains preparation in general studies paper 2 under government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation and next under issues relating to development and management of social sector or services relating to health in particular. This news article discusses about the need of the government of India to increase the research funding and formulate policies to incentivize the pharmaceutical industry in drug development for treating the neglected diseases. So, we shall know what the neglected tropical diseases are, challenges faced in India to address these neglected diseases and some suggestions to improve the present situation. The author of this news article appreciates the fact that India is the fourth largest funder in the research and development of the neglected diseases which was reported in G finder survey. But the author has also listed the challenges and suggestions to tackle the prevalence of these neglected diseases. As per World Health Organization, the correct term is neglected tropical diseases. They are a diverse group of communicable diseases that prevail in the tropical and subtropical condition in 149 countries. Populations living in poverty without adequate sanitation and in close contact with infectious vectors and domestic animals and livestock are those worst affected ones. Generally, these diseases are more prevalent in the developing countries. Some of the diseases classified as neglected tropical diseases by World Health Organization are chikungunya, leishmaniasis, also called kala azar disease, dengue, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, rabies, etc. In the news article, malaria and tuberculosis are listed as examples of neglected diseases. It is wrong, so do not include them under neglected tropical diseases. The author has listed some of the challenges in India to reduce the prevalence of neglected diseases. India suffers from serious innovation deficit, but there is a lack of innovation for drugs, diagnostics and vaccines for the basket of diseases mentioned before. Also, the market size of these drugs is very small. So, generally the pharma companies do not spend a lot of their time, money and effort in drug development as it would not be profitable in the long run for them. The author explains this innovation deficit with a historical narrative. Just know this narrative from a knowledge perspective. This innovation deficit is caused by the prevailing model of pharmaceutical innovation. Drug discovery came about as a key component of modern medicine towards the end of the 19th century. Till mid 20th century, this was mostly carried out in academic settings. By the middle of the 20th century, it became an endeavour that was largely driven by pharmaceutical companies. The second half of the 20th century saw consolidation of pharmaceutical entities leading to multinational pharmaceutical companies who drive innovation in the pharmaceutical sector. The business model of pharmaceutical innovation is market driven and the governments have largely adapted a hands-off policy letting the market forces to work across the world. Hence, we can see that there is a huge lack of public health policies in India to address each of these neglected diseases, though new drugs, diagnostics or vaccines are subject to strict regulatory control by the government of India. The author of this news article also discusses in brief about orphan diseases. As per Food and Drug Administration, in short FDA of the country of USA, an orphan disease is defined as a condition that affects fewer than 2 lakh people nationwide that is in USA. USA has enacted Orphan Drugs Act that comprehensively covers the policies for addressing the orphan diseases in its country. They include provisions for drug development grants, tax credits, two drug-producing companies, fast-track regulatory approvals for bringing the orphan drugs to market, seven-year exclusivity provision and also fee reductions in certain special cases. Thus, a comprehensive policy formulation by USA can be seen here. Now, in the final part of the news article, the author has given some suggestions to reduce, eliminate and eradicate the neglected diseases. Firstly, the author asks policy makers to learn from the global examples. In countries like United Kingdom, Denmark, France, Italy, Sweden and Spain, there are public policies for the treatment of rare diseases. Now, rare diseases is a term given by the European Union similar to orphan diseases by USA. Rare diseases are one that affects less than 5 in 10,000 of the general population. Also, in USA, there are policies to support drug development for the orphan diseases which we saw recently. Next, the author emphasizes that India should create a comprehensive policy supporting the research and development, marketing and treatment of the neglected diseases. India should also aim to eliminate these neglected diseases in this regard. This will also help India to meet its sustainable development goals. Health is addressed in Sustainable Development Goal number 3, ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. Next, the author proposes to establish a biomedical observatory to record and monitor the ongoing research and development activities on neglected diseases. Finally, the author emphasizes the fact that Indian government should commit to a sustained and long-term funding in order to reduce, eliminate and eradicate the neglected diseases. With this, we come to the end of the analysis of this news article. Have a look at the practice prelims and main question. We shall discuss at the end of the session. Let us now move on to the next news article. The second news article taken up for today's discussion is Stop Sale of Johnson's Baby Shampoo, NCPCR. This news article appears in page number 7 of Chennai, Bengaluru and Trivanandapuram editions and in page 9 of Delhi edition. This news article will be relevant in your prelims preparation under current affairs of national importance, under general science and under economic and social development, since we will be discussing about NCPCR in brief. This news article states that the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights has asked all these states to stop the sale of Johnson and Johnson Baby Shampoo since the drug testing laboratory in Jaipur has found the presence of formaldehyde in Johnson and Johnson's Baby Shampoo, declaring it substandard quality. Formaldehyde exposure among children is likely to cause asthma. It is also known to trigger acute adverse health effects such as skin, eye, nose and throat irritations. Now, let us see some other controversial chemicals that are found in commonly used materials which were recently in news. First, paper is coated with mineral oil to give an extra shine. Next, milk is found adulterated with common adulterants like caustic soda and detergents. A recent news article reported the presence of asbestos particles in talc manufacturing. Recently, FSSAI has come up with a new method to detect the adulteration in ghee with vegetable oils. Also, Rajasthan Human Rights body has taken sewer motor cognizance over reports alleging adulteration in food items like coating of banned food dyes in rajma beans to enrich their color. Now, let us know in detail about NCPCR, National Commission for Protection of Child Rights. This National Commission for Protection of Child Rights is constituted by the Government of India as per the provisions of Commission for Child Rights Act 2005. Hence, this commission is a statutory body. Remember, if any administrative body is formed as per the provisions of some statute or law, then it is called as a statutory body. Next, this NCPCR consists of a chairperson and six other members where two members must be compulsorily women. National Commission for Protection for Child Rights comes under the Ages of Ministry of Women and Child Development. Any individual between age 0 and 18 years are classified as children by this commission. Priorities given to the most vulnerable children from the backward regions or backward communities who are marginalized and disadvantaged. NCPCR emphasizes the principle of universality and inviolability of child rights, meaning securing all the children of India from any sort of violations that affects the children. Violations can be broadly classified as mental and physical harassment. Hence, National Commission for Protection for Child Rights recognizes the tone of urgency in all child-related policies of both the central government and state governments in India. You need to know that India is a signatory to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in short called as UNCRC. National Commission for Protection for Child Rights as also has certain other responsibilities vested upon it under other acts. It acts as a monitoring authority on all policies and decisions that protect the children from sexual offenses as per the provisions of Protection of Children from Sexual Offences POCSO Act of 2012. National Commission for Protection for Child Rights has the responsibility to inquire into complaints relating to child's right to free and compulsory education as per the provision of Right to Education Act of 2009. With this, we come to the end of the analysis of this news article. Have a look at the practice prelims question we shall discuss at the end of the session. Let us now move on to the next news article. The third news article of the day is Data Theft Bit Hits Aishman Bharat. This particular news article appears in page number 7 of Chennai, Bengaluru and Thiruvananthapuram editions and in page 9 of the Delhi edition. The information which will be discussed based on this article is relevant under the preliminary examination syllabus in the area Indian Policy and Governance and Public Policy. It is also relevant in your main syllabus in General Studies Paper 2 under Government Policies and Interventions for Development in Various Sectors and Issues arising out of their design and implementation. Next under Welfare Schemes for Vulnerable Sections of the Population by the Center and States. Next under Issues relating to Development and Management of Social Sector or Services relating to Health. And also in General Studies Paper 3 under Science and Technology their developments and their applications and effects in everyday life and under awareness in the fields of information technology and issues relating to intellectual property rights in particular. The news article discusses about the Attempted Security Breach on the Platform of Aishman Bharat which is a Government-Trend Health Insurance Program. The attempt tried to illegally access large medical data which includes sensitive personal information about those covered by the scheme. And the health data is extremely sensitive and of great value to commercial and pharmaceutical companies. The officials told that the scheme has a stringent access system which alerted them about the breach immediately. And also the National Health Authority has written to all the state governments alerting them about the threat and warning that no sensitive data be shared. Now based on this news article and to understand the news fully it is important to know about the mentioned scheme and what actually is data theft in the examination point of view. Let us first see about Aishman Bharat. Aishman Bharat or Healthy India is a national initiative launched by the Prime Minister of India as a part of National Health Policy of 2017. This was introduced in order to achieve the vision of universal health coverage in short UHC. This initiative has been designed on the line so as to meet the Sustainable Development Goal No. 3 and its underlining commitment which is ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages. Aishman Bharat is an attempt to move from the sectoral and segmented approach of health service delivery to a comprehensive need-based healthcare service. Aishman Bharat aims to undertake interventions to holistically address health at primary, secondary and tertiary level. It covers prevention, promotion and ambulatory care which is a crucial part of the primary healthcare. Aishman Bharat comprises of two interrelated components which are the establishment of health and wellness centers and Pradhan Mantri Jan Arokaya Yojana or National Health Protection Mission. The first component establishment of health and wellness centers pertains to the creation of 150,000 health and wellness centers which will bring healthcare closer to the homes of the people across the country. These centers will provide comprehensive primary healthcare covering both maternal and child health services and non-communicable diseases where it includes free essential drugs and free diagnostic services. The second component Pradhan Mantri Jan Arokaya Yojana that is PMJ in short or National Health Protection Mission is one significant step towards the achievement of universal health coverage and sustainable development goal number three which was the main aim of Aishman Bharat. PMJ aims to provide health protection covered to poor and vulnerable families against the financial risk arising out of catastrophic health episodes because besides using their income and savings for healthcare needs people borrow money or sell their assets to meet their healthcare needs which pushes 4.6 percentage of the population below the poverty line according to the government data. So as a solution to this the government of India introduced the scheme so that people will have universal access to good quality healthcare services without anyone having to face financial hardship as a consequence. This mission subsumes the centrally sponsored schemes namely Rashtya Swastya Bhima Yojana in short RSBY and the senior citizen health insurance scheme in short SCHIS. So in this line the PMJ scheme will provide financial protection or Swastya Suraksha to 10.74 crore of the total population of the country who are poor and vulnerable families across the country. The poor and vulnerable families comprise of deprived rural families and occupational categories of urban workers families. These families will be identified based on the latest socio-economic caste census data as deprived rural families and occupational categories of urban workers families who were identified as per the latest socio-economic caste census data approximately 50 crore beneficiaries. The most important aspect of the scheme is it will offer an insurance benefit of Rs 5 lakh per family per year. This insurance will cover medical and hospitalization expenses for almost all secondary care and most of tertiary healthcare procedures. The health services covered under the program include hospitalization expenses, daycare surgeries, medical and daycare treatments including medicines, diagnostics and transport, follow-up care, pre and post hospitalization expense benefits and newborn child or children services. And to ensure that nobody is left out of the scheme especially girl child, women, children and elderly there will be no cap on family size and age in this mission. The scheme will be cashless and paperless at public hospitals and empanel private hospitals. In January 2019 for better implementation of Pradhan Mantri Jan Aroke Yojana the national health agency was dissolved and it was replaced by national health authority. Note that it is the national health authority which implements the prime minister Jan Aroke Yojana at the national level. Please keep this in mind. Now let us see some facts about data theft to have a basic understanding about it. Data theft is the act of stealing virtual information with intent to compromise someone's privacy or to obtain confidential information. Data theft includes stealing or hacking passwords, banking information, credit card information, personal information of users, information of importance to a corporate business or entity, hacking into government databases, stealing photographs and misusing them and many more in line with these. The Indian law provides for punishments and penalties for data crimes in the Information Technology Act of 2000 thus creating a mode of redressal for crimes undertaken with the help of technology as well as internet. But here if you see the crime is data theft so you can be confused about why this is not covered under IPC. It is because the Indian Penal Code deals with the theft and punishment for theft of movable property which includes all corporeal property. This means that data which is intangible is beyond the scope of the Indian Penal Code. However if the data is stored in a medium for example floppy disks, cd, pendripes, hard drives etc and then if that is stolen then the relevant section pertaining to theft in the Indian Penal Code can be applied and the accused will be criminally liable for the same. With this we come to the end of the analysis of this news article. Have a look at the practice prelims question. We shall discuss at the end of the analysis session. Let us now move on to the next news article. The fourth news article of the day is Coffee Planters Seek Mandate for Chikari Cut to Help Volume Growth. This news article appears in page number 11 in both Chennai and Tiruvananthapuram editions and in page 13 of both Bengaluru and Delhi editions. The article is regarding Food Safety and Standards Authority of India's recent proposal to bring down the Chikari content in coffee to 30%. This information will be helpful in your preliminary exam under current events of national importance and under general science and in your mains preparation in general studies paper 3 under major crops and issues and constraints. Let us now move on to the discussion. Chikari is a plant whose ground root when roasted is found to make a substitute for coffee. Due to this over a period of time Chikari powder is blended with coffee powder. Coffee Chikari powder is prepared by mixing the roasted and ground coffee with the roasted and ground Chikari. According to Indian standards IS 38002 is to 1992 Chikari shall be prepared in a clean and hygienic manner. The Indian standard also states that at any time in the coffee Chikari powder the Chikari content in roasted coffee Chikari powder shall not exceed 49%. Now, the news is that FSSAI has recommended to bring down the Chikari content to not more than 30% in the coffee powder. This was seen as a positive move by the coffee planters community as they feel such a reduction in Chikari composition in coffee powder will give instant boost to domestic consumption. It was understood that a reason for lower domestic consumption of coffee is because of this Chikari composition. People feel that the purity of coffee with its natural aroma and flavor is compromised by the addition of Chikari content in coffee powder. That is why coffee planters expect a demand boost from domestic economy because of this reduction in the composition of Chikari. Any increase in domestic consumption is a positive sign for coffee planters and therefore the coffee planter association are planning to organize nationwide or region wise coffee consumption campaigns to increase domestic coffee consumption. There was a news article in the Hindu newspaper on 14th April 2019 with the title India to Launch Coffee Consumption Drive. We have covered this particular news article in our Hindu news analysis session. The link for this particular session is available in the description section below. Please refer it. The news article has also noted that the coffee sector has been going through tough times in last several years and this is due to these following reasons such as falling prices, labor shortage, increasing labor costs, rise in fertilizer prices and vagaries of nature. That is a frequent change in the weather patterns that is happening throughout the country. All these have pushed the cost of production of coffee by 50%.  With this we come to the end of the analysis of this news article. Have a look at the prelims question. We shall discuss at the end of the analysis session. Now let us move on to the next news article. The fifth news article of the day is selected from the magazine title a brief history of black holes. Magazine is common in all the editions. This article appears in page 14 in all the editions. The information which will be discussed based on this article is relevant in preliminary examination under current events of international importance and under general science. It is also relevant for main preparation in general studies paper three under awareness in the fields of space in particular. Now let us see about the black hole. The black hole is found in the center of galaxies which is formed by the collapsing of stars. The black hole emits radiation by particles within the disc which swirl around the black hole at the speed of light. It has a strong gravitational force which has the ability to pull all objects within it. Even light cannot escape. Also the center of the black hole contains only empty space. There are three types of black holes namely stellar, supermassive and intermediate. The stellar black hole is relatively smaller in size about three times the mass of the sun and it is formed by individual stars which are smaller in size. The second type supermassive black hole is million or billion times in size compared to the mass of the sun and it is formed by the merge of hundreds or thousands of tiny black holes. It is always present at the center of every galaxy even in our very own Milky Way galaxy. Next let us see the importance of black holes in the current context.  The image of the black hole present in the galaxy M87 or Virgo A were captured. This M87 galaxy is located 55 million light years away from the earth. The image of the black hole was captured by event horizon telescope. The event horizon telescope is an international collaboration consisting of six observatories from Hawaii to South Pole. They are located at Mexico, Hawaii, Arizona, Chile, Spain and at the South Pole. The capturing of the first image of the black hole helps in proving the Einstein's theory of general relativity. Albert Einstein was the first to predict the presence of a black hole with his theory of general relativity. According to this theory the weighted stars and planets will stretch the space causing distortions in the space. This distortion pulls the lighter and heavier bodies into its center. Generally time appears to move more slowly near massive objects because the gravitational force of these objects bend the space and time. This particular phenomenon is called gravitational time dilation. Keep this in mind. The Einstein equation also suggested the existence of a spatial entity called a naked singularity. The theory explains that the center of the gravitational field in the black hole will suck everything like matter, information and light once it crosses the event horizon which is also called as the point of no return. The event horizon or the point of no return is the boundary of the mouth of a black hole when objects like like once crossed will lose its ability to escape from it. The force of gravity is also constant across the event horizon. Now let us see about the advantages in future after capturing this particular black hole image by the scientists. The finding of the black hole and its image will help in finding how M87 galaxy launches such as bright plasma jets. Next it will also help in finding how gas falls into the black hole and feeds it. It will also help in solving the mystery of how black hole grew in size. If you see the gravitational waves were detected by LIGO observatory in the year 2015 due to the collision of black holes. This finding will also help LIZA in observing the gravitational waves and the movement of black holes in the outer space. LIZA stands for laser interferometer space antenna. It is a space based gravitational wave observatory. With this we come to the end of the analysis of this particular news article. Have a look at the practice prelims question. We shall discuss at the end of the analysis session. The sixth and the last news article of the day is pharma exports grow 11% across 19 billion dollars. This news article appears in business column in page number 11 in both Chennai and Trivanandapuram editions and in page 13 in both Bengaluru and Delhi editions. The article is about the growth in pharmaceutical exports registered in the financial year 2019 that is 2018 to 2019 over the previous year. The information in the article will be useful in your prelims preparation under current events of national importance and under economic development and in mains in general studies paper 2 under government interventions in various sectors for development and in general studies paper 3 under Indian economy. The article states that the Indian pharma exports have recorded a growth of 10.72% in the year 2018 to 2019 over the previous year that is 2017 to 2018. The exports in 2018-19 year has seen a growth of 25% over the year 2011 and 12. All segments recorded growth except herbal products. Nearly 30% of Indian exports have gone to the United States of America. This information was based on the details from the Pharmaceuticals Export Promotion Council of India which was set up by the Ministry of Commerce and Industries Government of India. This particular council was set up on 1st of April 2004 to act as a nodal agency for issue of registration and membership certificates for the exporting entities. It is a non-profit company within the meaning of Section 8 of the Companies Act 2013. Among the categories, drug formulations and biologicals have dominated the exports in terms of value and volume. They share almost 71% in the total pharma exports. Next comes the bulk drugs and drug intermediaries with a share of around 20% in the total exports. The article notes the recent performance of pharma exports in the challenging circumstances. Despite the challenges such as increased regulatory scrutiny, the pressure on profit margins owing to mounting competition, the need to geographically diversify the market, this was needed because the price controls in one country shall not have a negative impact over the exports in the sector. Other factors that posed challenges were the effects of declining growth in 2016-17, price control in Germany, Brexit and the restricted access in the United States for Indian pharma exports. Price controls have impact because they limit the profit margins of the companies in the exports of pharmaceutical industry. The final note is that while the growth is a positive factor, there is still loss of mandates in work owing to inability in meeting the standards prescribed by the regulatory authorities. Therefore, maintaining good manufacturing practices is required in the industry. Now, after the look at the prelims question, we shall discuss at the end of the session. With this, we come to the end of the analysis session of all the news articles of today. Let us now move on to the practice questions discussion session. Question one, as per World Health Organization, which of the following diseases are classified as neglected tropical diseases? Statement one, tuberculosis, two, dengue, three, lymphatic filariasis, number four, leprosy and number five, leishmaniasis. Some of the diseases classified by World Health Organization as neglected tropical diseases are, chikungunya, leishmaniasis, also called kala azar disease, dengue, leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, rabies, etc. Tuberculosis is not classified by World Health Organization as a neglected tropical disease. So, if number one is eliminated, the correct answer is option C, two, three, four and five only. Let us move on to the next question. Consider the following statements. Statement one, National Commission of Protection of Child Rights is a statutory body. NCPCR works under the Agents of Ministry of Women and Child Development. India is not a signatory to U1CRC, U1 Convention on the Rights of the Child, which is the third statement. Here, the first statement is correct. National Commission of Protection of Child Rights is formed as per the Provisions of Commission for Child Rights Act of 2005. Hence, it is a statutory body. The second statement is also correct. NCPCR works under the Agents of Ministry of Women and Child Development. The third statement here is wrong. India is a signatory to the U1CRC, the U1 Convention on the Rights of the Child. So, the correct answer here is option B, one and two only since statement three is wrong. Moving on to the third question, which of the following statements is our correct regarding Pradhan Mantri Jan Arokay Yojana? Statement one is the scheme will cover expenses for primary healthcare. Statement two is it provides for a benefit of Rs. 5 lakh per family per year to the BPL families. And statement three is the benefits include pre-hospitalization expenses and post-hospitalization expenses. The first statement is incorrect because the primary healthcare are provided by the Health and Wellness Centers and not by PM Jan Arokay Yojana. The second statement here is partially correct because the scheme gives a benefit of Rs. 5 lakh per family per year but not to the BPL families. The benefit is only for the poor and vulnerable, deprived rural families and occupational categories of urban workers families. And statement two here is wrong. The third statement is correct as the scheme covers both the pre- and post-hospitalization expenses. So, the correct answer to this particular question is option C, three only since statement one and two are wrong. Moving on to the fourth question, the term white stem borer attack is recently seen in the news. It denotes which of the following. As we saw in our discussion, white stem borer is the most serious pest affecting the Arabica coffee variety in India. The attack of this particular pest causes yellowing and wilting of leaves and branches. Affected branches are easily broken off because of this pest. The affected plants are less productive. So, the correct answer here is option A, pest attack in coffee Arabica variety. Next question with reference to gravitational time dilation which of the following statements are true. Statement one is it slows the time where gravity is strong and statement two is gravity bends the space and time causing time dilation. Here both these statements are correct as discussed during our analysis. So, the correct answer here is option C both one and two. Moving on to the final problem's question, consider the following statements the pharmaceutical exports in India in the year 2018-19 as registered a higher growth over the exports in the year 2017-18 and statement two is the growth of pharmaceutical exports is not declined in the last five years. Here the first statement is correct as we know from the details given by the Pharmaceutical Export Promotion Council of India that we discussed during our analysis. The second statement here is wrong because the growth in pharma exports declined in the year 2016-17 which we mentioned in our analysis if we compare over the last five years. So, the correct answer here is option A one only because statement two is wrong. Let us now move on to a practice mains question. The question is India has a high prevalence of neglected tropical diseases such as some measures that the government should take to eradicate them. The first part of the question is India has a high prevalence of neglected tropical diseases. Explain what is meant by neglected tropical diseases then list some of the diseases which have been declared by WHO as neglected tropical diseases and then explain their prevalence in India region wise if you have the data. The second part of the question demands to suggest some measures that the government should take in order to eradicate these neglected tropical diseases. You can refer to our analysis and also you can add your own relevant suggestions. With this, we come to the end of the practice question answer session and also the end of today's discussion. Please do like comment and share the video and please subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy channel for latest videos and updates. Stay focused and motivated friends. Thank you.


Transit is an industry that's often susceptible to trends, from bus rapid transit to automated metros and fair for you systems. To be clear, not all of these are bad all of the time, but they are all topics that have gone from practically no attention to massive attention overnight. And in many ways you could argue the same is true for various orbital light rail projects. From Stockholm to Washington DC to Paris, a surprising number of cities have created new light rail lines that are meant to take people downtown, but rather around the city. But then the question arises, what types of trips are these services actually meant for? And how do they relate to other circular rail services? From metro to mainline trains. Basically, is this a trend that your city should hop onto? Let's discuss. A good place to start here is with what kind of system I'm actually talking about. And I think one of the best examples of an orbital light rail line in the world is the Tvarbanen in Stockholm. An 18 kilometer light rail line which travels north south around Stockholm to the west of the city center, intercepting the various radial, metro and suburban rail lines. Key elements of the Tvarbanen service include the orbital or circumferential alignment that connected various destinations outside of the city center without needing to actually go into it, the reuse of old rail white infrastructure, including a portion of track that actually still sees some use with freight trains, the comparatively low cost of its construction and the interchanges with so many other rail services. Now, if you want to learn more specifically about the Tvarbanen, I talk about it more in my Stockholm Metro explainer video, so go check that out and then come back. In many ways, the tram link service in South London is actually similar to the Tvarbanen. The tram link forms part of a circle providing for journeys east west and south London. It also provides connections to various national rail and TFL rail services and it was built at a low cost and quite quickly thanks to the reuse of old and underused railways. In both cases, the use of light rail was critical because it allowed you to reuse existing rail corridors, many of which were not fully grade separated since they weren't heavily used, while at the same time being able to use street running or side of street running approaches to actually stitch together multiple separate rail quarters. Funnily enough, both the Tvarbanen and the tram link opened in the early 2000s as well, so they both kind of happened around the same time. After the late 20th century resurgence in trams that kind of started in France, you could also definitely make the case that the Maryland Purple Line, which will more or less act as a part of the Washington DC Metro system and will connect a bunch of different radial lines in Maryland, is also doing something similar, just more than 20 years later. Speaking of North America, you might even argue that the Eglinton Crosstown is one of these lines, which really highlights that what orbital looks like really depends on the geography of your region and the geography of your existing radial transit service. Basically, all of these are moderate capacity light rail lines, with street crossings and lots of stops, but with enough sections of fast running that they actually tend to provide a lot of bang for the buck, at least usually. So what actually distinguishes these orbital light rail schemes from other types of circular orbital or looping railways? Well probably the most noticeable thing is that these lines, despite being orbital, are rarely actually complete circles. T3 in Paris is almost there, but most of the rest aren't, and I think a lot of this has to do with trade-offs between cost, capacity, speed, and connectivity. First of all, such schemes rarely actually serve full cities. Generally they serve only a part of the circle, as in London. And they do seem particularly common in arc-shaped cities like Helsinki, Stockholm, Copenhagen, or even Toronto, where the city centers are on or quite close to a major body of water, and so a true looping rail line wouldn't make a ton of sense. Even in the case of London or Paris, making such a line into a full circle would rarely be seen as a top priority, since for many trips it would be faster to use conventional services to get into and then back out of the city. Paris has likely gotten closer than any other city to fully completing its orbital rail loop, and that's probably helped a lot by its high uniform density and the large number of neighborhood to neighborhood trips happening in central parts of Paris. There's also the issue of cost and capacity. If building a smaller project, it's likely easier to string together a good right-of-way out of existing disused or underused ones. But a bigger project makes this and the relatively low capacity of such a line a less exciting prospect. It would also probably take longer to build, which kind of gets rid of one of the main benefits of these orbital light rail services, which is that they can generally be built quite fast with little modification to existing infrastructure and corridors. So what types of trips can you actually serve with this type of line? Well, for one, the type of trip that travels along the circle that traditionally might have required someone to go into and back out of the city center or get on a busy and uncomfortable bus. You can also serve a lot of last mile connections. For example, someone who lives along the circle and wants to get to one of the various radial transit services could make a lot of use of one of these orbital lines, but so could someone who's traveling on one of those radial services, potentially from further out in the suburbs or from the city center. And who wants to get to a major destination that isn't on the traditional higher order transit network? Of course, circle lines can also provide for higher level regional trips that allow people to avoid the city center or leaving capacity there, as well as complete trips that use multiple rail lines. But for the orbital light rail lines, I'd really argue they're best suited to the first two tasks, last mile and cross town connections. So why are these orbital light rail lines so attractive that they've seemingly popped up in a ton of different cities? Well, for example, such a trip would often traditionally be made with a high capacity bus route. And as you see in places like Helsinki and Copenhagen, such circumferential bus routes often get really busy because there isn't a lot of transit that serves those trips. Thus, in those cities on what are often mainly low density suburban corridors, it makes a lot of sense to make the small upfront investment for a big quality of life improvement with light rail over buses. On the other hand, a last mile connection on a tram is unlikely to be overcrowded, especially because these lines tend to have so many connections that you're unlikely to be traveling more than a couple of stops to get to your final destination. Otherwise, you would have taken another radio line to get there. Lower capacity trams also tend to work fine because these routes aren't super fast thanks to the lower average speed of a tram versus a completely grade separated railway and the fact that there are lots of stops, as well as lower frequency that is just kind of normal when a route has some street crossings, at least relative to a metro service. The slight transportation limitations of these routes are actually sort of a benefit in disguise because light rail vehicles will be sufficient for capacity because the trips are unlikely to be attractive enough to draw riders from very far away. Of course, their popularity also probably has a lot to do with the fact that they can fairly inexpensively and fairly well serve the type of trip that is obvious to a lot of people. Loops, everyone loves them. And to be fair on a lot of cities, looping routes actually do have a lot of demand relative to service since so many transportation networks are focused on serving nine to five office commuters traveling to a city center, even if they do do other things to a lesser extent. That being said, circling back to the three types of trips that I think such lines are probably particularly good at serving, it's probably worth mentioning that the third type of trip, the one I said that these lines probably aren't the best for actually serving are also the ones that I think have the most potential for ridership increase. Once you're talking about the usefulness of an orbital route on the regional scale, you're probably talking about more potential riders and more potential connections than a tram line would be able to handle. And as it turns out, few of the European cities I keep mentioning that have orbital trams or are potentially building them don't already have or are currently building a new high capacity orbital line. For example, in Stockholm, a new orbital metro line is being constructed to provide for more orbital capacity that to var bonden is incredibly congested, but also to provide faster trips. Meanwhile in Paris line 15 is being built to provide even further out orbital capacity, even as the existing T three a and T three B tram routes circles the city for the most part and lines two and six of the metro also form a loop. Of course, London also has the overground which travels through South London and Copenhagen has the S Tog F line. So while a new orbital light rail line could be a really good low cost way of stringing together some existing corridors and provide a high quality in demand suburban service that likely don't have the capacity to provide for all of the orbital transportation needs of even a moderately large city and such a project is less likely to have transformative effects on a regional scale. With such a light rail line plugged into your highly radial network, all of your radial lines definitely become more valuable and you can make high quality tricks between them. But it just isn't the type of transformational high speed, high frequency service that completely transforms the way your network operates. So what's the solution then? Well, obviously in a lot of places, these orbital light rail lines make a ton of sense, especially where they can be built quickly and cheaply using a lot of existing right of way as well as taking some street space and the like. But a project like the purple line in Maryland or even the Eglinton Crosstown in Toronto makes me wonder how transferable this model of an orbital light rail service is to places where transit just isn't all that cheap to construct, at least on existing corridors. Because if you followed the purple line or the Eglinton Crosstown, you'll know neither of these projects is being built particularly quickly or particularly inexpensively. And in that, they sort of miss some of the main benefits of the orbital light rail seen in Europe. And so they might be better off as something entirely different. To compare, the original parts of the far bond cost around 20 million US dollars per kilometer, whereas the Eglinton Crosstown or purple line are easily 10 times as expensive if not more. And a big part of that is spending money on tunnels or elevated guideways, in part to try to provide some sort of higher capacity and faster service and in some cases to avoid taking away space from drivers or landowners or even just messing with existing streetscapes in cities that would rather not be bothered. I think for cities like this Taipei, which I also covered in a previous video, might actually provide a really good example of what to aim for. At least for cities like Toronto and Washington, where projects of this scale are inevitably going to be very expensive and timely, and so you might as well go the extra mile and get something with way more transportation benefit. For example, Taipei's circular line or yellow line is a metro, but one which is lower capacity than the rest of its radio metro services, making it less expensive. And large parts of it are built over ground, and the benefit here is that like with the Orville light rail services, you can take advantage of the existing corridors to construct such a line. Instead of putting tracks right on the ground level, you can actually elevate the rail line, creating grade separation by default, since it's elevated, but also doing things like enabling new cycling connections and greenways underneath the guideway. This type of solution could work really well in suburban areas that have a lot of space, and while Taipei's circular line isn't exactly in suburban areas, something like the RAM definitely is. At the same time, the small trains running automated are the best of both worlds, at least for big cities where you're making this type of investment, since you can get both the lower cost of construction of smaller stations and other facilities, but also with the better service that can lead to more regional transportation impacts. Ultimately though, getting beyond the dollars and cents, such a line is always really exciting, because it offers high-quality transit that isn't focused on downtown workers. Not only is this the type of transit that needs more attention post-COVID, but it's also the type that's great for going to that restaurant you love across town, or going to an event with friends, and we could all use more of that. Thanks for watching.


Hi there, I'm Sandy Ock artist and paper crafter, and I am here today with some campers This is gonna be just happy color. I decided with this watercoloring and using my watercolor pencils I wanted to just do some happy pencil Something cheerful with a whole lot of color in it There's no real rhyme or reason to the colors aside from trying to put a little bit of one color on one of these Aureal campers and then reflecting a little bit of that color on the other one So just to kind of mix them up around the whole piece and When you're coloring Sometimes it's helpful to repeat those those colors in a few places other times just go crazy The only thing I think in this whole thing that I worried about any kind of a highlight on was that That little grill in the front the little barbecue Everything else. I'm just throwing color in here with inktense pencils. The color is really bright really strong and It's super easy to do I'm coloring this on some arches watercolor paper the cold press kind and You can see the texture on it. There's a lot of texture on these I I've also used the arches rough and The rough I think is even more delicious texture, but it freaks people out So I do use the cold press more often here on YouTube because it scares folks But if you like texture then get a pad of the rough kind because you're gonna love it So I'm just scribbling with colors in here and a few areas I didn't quite finish so I'm sure which color I was gonna want them to be or did I want them to be white But we'll worry about that later on as we go I'm also now going to be adding water to all of it and I'm using a number eight round silver black velvet brush and You'll watch as I go back and forth over areas several times in order to get the color to melt out What happens with any pencil any kind of watercolor pencil or? Or an intense pencil The color sits on the highlights of the paper the raised portions because when you got bumpy paper like this the raised portions are going to catch that That ink or that that pencil that pigment and you have to break them down Depending on what kind of pencil it is how much pencil you've put down and Your paper and your brush There's a lot of different factors that go into how much scrubbing you need to do back and forth In order to break it down and make it melt into watercolor One of the cool things about intense pencils as many of you already know because I've talked about it a lot Is that with intense pencil once it's dry? It's basically permanent There's you can move it a little bit, but not very much So for a lot of folks it just works better because it doesn't constantly lift the color like some watercolor pencils will I'm jumping around different areas on this because with all watercolor pencil and all watercolors well The best way to approach it is to keep painting other areas not ones right next to each other So that you don't end up with bleeding going on because if you start Painting things that are touching each other and the water jumps over that black stamped line Yeah, a little bit of bleeding occurs and that's because the color the pigment likes to travel along wherever water is If you give it a channel in which to travel it will travel it just likes to do that But if you have an issue with that if you have a problem area Just dab that off with a clean X or paper towel or something you can also lift it with a clean dry brush So rinse your brush out really good and go over it with that clean dry brush and basically suck all the moisture out as much as you can And you could also color the alternate area Whatever that other place is you can color that with a darker color and cover it. I've been known to do that a time or two I move down to doing the ground underneath because My areas on the top on the campers were going to end up actually bleeding so I thought I'm going to distract myself by coloring the ground first and using a couple of different colors here to get the the ground filled in and Just start watercoloring that portion When you when you do watercolor watercolor pencils or intense pencils after an area is wet Like the areas around there. I wanted to make sure I didn't get any of my brown colored pencils touching the the red the little red barbecue or the tires or anything because if you touch a Watercolor pencil onto a something with watercolor. You're going to get a different effect. So just give you that as a little tip So I added extra water to make my brown color sort of fade into that background a little bit and Now by now The rest of everything else is dry enough that I can start moving back into the rest of my painting I put blue in the windows because generally that's reflecting the blue sky above but you could actually look at windows if you want to make them look realistic and See what some highlights and shadows and reflections could look like on windows But I just was having fun with color here and had really little interest in making it look Hyper realistic until I get to one more step over at the end that you'll get to see in just a few minutes But I'm not move around my blue and just start Working at it until those areas start to break down so you can see there's some colors and some areas It's hard to tell Why it is that one area is harder to break down than another Like I said, it's it can be the amount of pencil It can be the type of pencil that the brand can be from one color to another Every color is made of something different. There's there's different things that make up those pigments So it could be those things. It's I don't really know the science of it I just know sometimes it's harder and sometimes it's easier. I Also know that I do like the look in general of some pencil lines. I like it to look like I actually did some art So rather than trying to make everything Perfection it's often just something I like to leave. I don't worry about it too much So there are some areas on here where you're still going to see the texture In the finished piece and that's just totally fine by me So I'm just breaking down all this color over here on my second camper Picking out the colors for this was fun. I just looked for all the brightest happiest colors that I had And didn't worry about whether they were going to go together or anything I just wanted happy color Because there's just some days that need that and in Washington where I live We have had rain rain rain rain rain like forever And I've gotten really tired of rain so and there I had some green on my brush When I went to do my wood. So yeah, we have green wood Have fun with critiquing that because I'm sure somebody will But stuff happens and that's okay by me I decided to put a little bit in the background and I just sketched in some triangles with just color basically on the top so they melt down into white at the bottom And to get that blend I'm just going to use the tip of my brush pointing toward the pigment And then the end of the brush that's toward my hand has more water in it So I'm going to make sure that the water end is away from the area where the color is And then just continue. Oh god bless you dog I'm going to continue to Clean my brush and use as much water as I need to make this melt down And create these little triangles So that my campers have a beautiful scene to look out on in the morning When everyone there wakes up and goes out camping So this is a great stamp set for some of these summer cards that are coming Because summer's on the way really excited that the good summer weather is coming So here's the finished card. I just popped it up onto a blue cardstock base With some dimensional adhesive and put my sentiment on the inside Really fun stamp set if you like campers, this is a must have I have a friend who loves campers and pretty sure She's going to be getting it So there's a couple other videos here if you're interested in seeing some more you can click on my face To subscribe to my channel and I will see you guys later on. Have a really great day


Hello, and welcome back here to a set of Corsa. We are looking at the back end of the ACD RTR Mustang. We're taking a look at the ACD 2022 car pack to be testing all the cars, seeing how I like them, which one I prefer, and things like that. We are at Daytona ESDA circuit. This is a track that I like to test cars on because you have good, some high speed, slow speed, and it's a pretty decently long track. So that's why we're here, going to be testing some of these cars out. Make sure you follow me on all social media, all of which are found in the description box below, as well as I will leave the link for the car pack down below as well if you do not have it, so you can pick it up yourself and drive them for yourself. So without further ado, let's get to the first car and rip this RTR. So full send in the RTR right now, first of the cars we're going to take a look at, decide to start off with what's the bigger power cars and bigger cars. So it kind of floated a little bit weird on me and the brakes did not feel the greatest, but then again this is the first rip in this car and these are all on basic base tuns. Not too shabby, but of course we'll see where we really are once we get into the replay. So the energy was a little bit weird. I didn't like how it snapped correctly, but then again that could just be me getting used to all the cars. These are all different cars to me and they handle way different than like my ESD-836. So the final run in the RTR, okay that felt a little bit better, yeah this run feels much better. Got to get the first run out to get rid of the jitters of the car and feel out the wheel. A little bit wide on that final section, but overall not too bad, so let's take a look at the RTR replay, of course it's way more than I'm used to. So we're going to take a look at those replays. Here's the first run, so we're going to take a look and see, and digress this one and the initiation is going to be a little bit weird, but hard quick and then we kind of locked up the front. Probably need to adjust the braking in the car, but that's something to start dialing in. I'm just trying to see these cars in a basic tune, which one I feel most comfortable in. So much angle, because Nitto's go round and round in this car. So overall not too bad on that one, this run was definitely a better run, should have had our lights on. So this one was a much better run, so we're going to digress this one in a full entirety. A little bit slow in initiation, but we did manage to get out to the zones. I'm midway in that one. Kind of drew a line there, pretty decent. So not getting all the way out fully to the zones, but once again it's only the second run of the car, so overall the RTR definitely handled pretty well. So now we're going to switch up cars, get another car, and we'll be right back. Second car on the block is going to be this supercharged E30, back in the Beamer chassis. I definitely like how this one looks. So only thing we are adjusting is our brake pressure. We're dialing the brake pressure back a little bit, but that's just personal preference for left foot braking. Anything else is the same. So full send, my fist gear hit. I should not have pulled the handbrake in that one. This car was feeling up to be way better than that RTR personal feel. So we're going to do that again, but we're going to try not to handbrake in there. Just going to try and clutch kick our way in because we didn't need to. I'm going to try and start and get in the fifth as soon as possible. Second run of the E30, that's what we needed to do. I don't know why I grabbed handbrake, but other than that, this definitely feels much more solid than that RTR did in my hands anyway. So let's take a look at the replay of the two runs. See kind of where we're at. The E30 is so aggressive though. Love the way that looks. So we painted a pretty decent line there. We could have been way deeper, but yeah, if we wouldn't have ripped the E-brake right there, which threw us way off, we would have been way better. We didn't need E-brake to complete the run, so definitely something we're trying to work on. Not tugging that E-brake where I don't need to. It was something that I noticed I was doing throughout the USDA season. So things I'm starting to work on now is not pulling that, things I've learned. So let's take a look at this one. This run was much better, not as deep on the wall initiation, but that was a pretty good clip and so was there. Nice smooth transition all the way deep there and kind of painting a line there. So overall I feel like this run was better than the RTR run. So let me know down in the comments once we go through all the cars for today's episode, which when you think was the better of all of them, so we're going to change up to an X car, which is another BMW chassis, and we're going to see how that one does. Is next. I know a lot of people are probably saying, well, you can't get a good feel of the cars after just two runs, correct. But I can feel which car feels the best for me initially and then fine tune it from there. So two runs with this E36, make sure we're at full boost. I don't know why I don't have my boost turned on, my dials, E36, probably going to be fiskier. Oh, I thought I was going to fit into that wall, a little shallow there. And then we push that wide. This car does not have as much rear bite as that E30 did, then that could be just a testament to both the first two cars were V8s, and this is not a V8. So we could dial in some rear grip with some camber and some tow, but we're running these all out of the box, which is a brake pressure change. So to get the best feel of them initially, got a little sluggish to that corner. Yeah, this car does not have as much rear bite as the E30 or the RTR, but overall not too bad. I bet you if I dialed in some rear bite on this car, it would actually probably feel quite well. It's definitely so different than my USDA E36, that's for sure. Kind of floated way out there, it almost like it kind of drifted while floated back, and that was on braking, which naturally would do it. That floated way back, way faster than I expected it to. Second run in this car, probably do one more car for today's episode, and then we're going to do the other cars in the next episode and go all the way down the list of these cars. A lot of BMWs in this pack. Yeah, that one just floated too wide also. So overall so far the E30 is my favorite, we're going to run one more car for today's episode. Let me know down in the comments which one you guys think is the best. The next car is a car you don't often see anybody building or drifting an E90. So I see these all the time at my work, but that's just not something that you see in a set of Corsa is an E90. So we're going to do a full set of this E90 for today's final car. Well this car is a Fiske here, like I said, we could be doing some fine tuning and stuff like that, but we're running these out of the box to get my initial impressions on them. This here also. We almost hit that wall, clutch kicking in through there. Ah, too much on the brake, too much left foot brake and we are in the dirt. That was looking very promising. But this car, as soon as you hit the brakes, it's almost right around. Oh, okay, so apparently I do have a spawn to pit on my pit button. So that's a good thing to know on the wheel I have it, because I haven't recalibrated all my buttons from going back to the R9. All right, final run in this, very soft setup. That could be why it's unsettled when you're braking, because it's so soft. Totally missed that outer zone, a little less braking. Very soft setup though, but not too bad of a run. So we're going to take a look at these two runs for this final, I don't know why I keep going on the keyboard, for this final car of this episode. And like I said, let me know down in the comments which car you think was the best of these four for today's episode. The E30, the E36, the RTR or the E90. I know what my personal car I felt the most in, but I want you guys to be the unbiased opinion, although this is the 90s, yet though. Too much on the left foot brake sent us and looped into the dirt. So that was the unfortunate part of that run. So make sure you guys follow me on all social media, I'll put your font in the description box below. I appreciate it. If you come back for another episode, as always, drop a like if you liked this video and like I said, let me know down below which car you think was the best of the four in this episode. And then we're going to continue in the next episode with more cars. We've got a couple more BMWs and we're getting into some big cars. So as always, I thank guys for coming back and watching. I'm your boorabbit, I'll see you guys on the track.


I know it sounds trite that no gift is too small, but I really do believe that what we're going for with the fund this year is just to get the highest amount of participation as possible. And really what it's saying is it's saying, thank you Ford School, thank you for what you gave me, thank you for helping me be the person that I am. And then it's enabling the students that are here to follow in your footsteps and maybe land that internship in DC, which is very expensive and they'll be able to do it and they'll be able to see you as their mentor and follow in your footsteps. So whatever you can give, just say thank you Ford School, thank you for being there for me.


Hi everybody, Joe for jaspeascasebrakes.com coming at you with a real nice one here 21-22 Panini National Treasures Basketball the whole case four box pick your team number 11 from jaspeascasebrakes.com There it is. There's the full case right there Good luck everybody Big thank you to this group or a handful of you who bought their team straight up which I appreciate Here and pick your team 11 So Jason you ended up with that last spot mojo star next to your name. So good luck to you with my Lakers Now the rest of you appreciate I mean aside from Jose when that Carl essentially bought all these teams right here So there's the randomizer the random number block randomizer there, but Jose still got a chance for some hits good luck set that over here, and then we got a Smaller group here of different teams right there different people involved in that one all the all these randomizers were in different videos Let's pop this open. Let's see what we got Triple double. What's going on? We posting any one basket. Yeah, one-in-one basketball will be posted at some point Today or tomorrow. I don't know exactly when but soon I probably lean more closer today to today rather than tomorrow but my colleague Nick Jaspe does all that so I don't know exactly when but Should be some point tonight. I think I Don't know just keep checking the website Jaspe's case breaks calm every minute of every day. Don't miss out on your teams Alright, all right. See it. All right first box Good luck everybody Use this blank card Right here to slow play some of the hits a little bit All right friends. Good luck 4 out of 75 buddy healed Pacers That's gonna be for Eric K picked up the Pacers straight up And that's what we're hoping for triple double a logo man would be nice I think these plates are one per box John Morant. Nice Gris That's a number block team. So I'll go to Memphis. That's part of the big group That'll go to Memphis one and that'll be for Carl Carl All aboard the Big Hit Express Good good spot for John Morant to sign if you ever run into him next is Chris Middleton 64 out of 99 part of that other number block group and That's for Jose with number four Next up. We got Corey Kispert 14 out of 25 That'll be for the Wizards Wizards number four again Jose Beating the odds a little bit a couple a couple relics for you Magic Johnson nice 28 out of 49 treasures of the hall on card auto last spot mojo Jason Kersh 70% of the time last spot mojo hits a hundred percent of the time Jalen Green. Ooh nice 94 out of 99 colossal relic and autograph. Is that a piece of the sock or maybe a the trim on the jersey? Something like that Who's got the orange picked up the rocket straight up very nice We got Ben Simmons 41 out of 99 for the net new coach for the Nets Steve Nash out Goodoka in let's give that helps Ben Simmons. That'll be for Nets one. That'll be for Carl We got 69 out of 99 D'Angelo Russell. That's For for the Nets Nets edition biography materials Going to Carl and then we shot a couple more autos. Yeah, we got a Ralph Samson 14 out of 25 for Orin and the Rockets Orin picking up the rocket straight up and we've got Chris moan lasting Legacies one out of ten warriors. That's part of that Detroit group. That's for you Carl Warriors one Diego, what's up? Did I see Justin Turner dressed as Canelo Alvarez yesterday? How how did How does how did that work? Do I know who Canelo Alvarez is? Boxer Does he have like a distinctive sort of look that That would make me know that he's that Justin's Canelo. All right next box We got Jalen Brown 49 out of 99 Canelo is nicknamed in Mexico for Jen. I get it. All right for ginger. I get it All right, so that's a deep cut Nice cut for for Justin Turner. There's the plate And it's gonna be a randomizer Warriors are a number block team warriors one Carl Nuggets in coup with that one and Mavericks That's the other number block and that's Carl. So we'll do that randomizer at the end someone gets a train whistle They got RJ Hampton five out of 25 Orlando number block team Orlando five will be for Carl Carl is all the numbers in that big Orlando group Except for the number four got some Lakers Russell Westbrook 96 out of 99 Going to Jason Kersh and my Lakers They're playing they finally got a win they beat the Nuggets could they beat the Pelicans? I don't know Short-term wise Westbrook coming off the bench has been interesting has been better Let's see if that continues or if that was just a flash in the pens I hear Williams could be a flash in the pen 77 out of 99 Grizzlies Grizzlies part of that Orlando group and that's for Carl a redemption That's John Kaminga rookie material autographs triple for the Warriors Warriors are a number block team all Redemptions go to zero Warrior zero Carl there you go Carl Warriors come out to play Nice there you go 44 out of 99 Goren Dragich Miami Kevin with the heat Miles Turner 31 out of 99 Pacers Eric K with Indiana I mean, there's been so much talk about Miles Turner and Buddy Heald Going to the Lakers or something like that. I Don't even know if that's ever gonna get done. There's Christian Latiner. Everyone's favorite National Archives autograph 24 out of 49 That's Minnesota for That's part of that Orlando group. Jose has the number four. There you go Some ink for you. I like that old Timberwold Timberwold's logo And last one here by the hammer of Thor JT Thor 43 out of 99 for Charlotte And that's for Carl. Charlotte's part of that Orlando group. All right halfway through This full case break. All right, there's CJ McCollum 68 out of 75 Palakins eight for Carl the one plate per box Brandon Clark Grizzlies. That'll be for Carl and All aboard the Big Hit Express There's Lamello ball 98 out of 99 for Charlotte and it'll also be for Carl More Charlotte PJ Washington, Jr. 18 out of 25 another one for Carl. It's a nice color popping out that little window there Redemption Greg Brown the third colossal material autographs Sure, we're Greg Brown the third goes a trailblazer. So that'll be that's zero redemption zero Carl Portlandia. All right Some more. What else do we go? Oh a two out of five Jared Butler For the Utah Jazz David B with Utah. What's going on in Utah?  No problem. Utah's What's the what's their what's their record right now? The Jazz are six and two? Yeah, they don't know how to lose there's six and two Four no at home. I don't know how much Jared Butler has been contributing here, but let's let's take a look at his numbers Jared Butler has I don't think he's played a game this year yet. What's going on with Jared Butler? I think y'all waved But I guess no problem still Jared Butler two out of five an RPA. Let's hope he gets picked up somewhere David All aboard the big hit express All right now Terrence Ross 75 out of 99 Orlando magic that goes to Carl number five Yeah, no go-bearer. No no Donovan Mitchell. No problem for For the jazz good for them 89 out of 99 That's a retro materials of Buck Williams Portland Nine will be for Carl Couple more here. We've got a quad relic and autograph Jalen Johnson 18 out of 25 for the Hawks Jimmy picking up the Hawks straight up Nice rookie patch and autograph and the last one here is Charles Basie 68 out of 99 dual relic and autograph for the Sixers Sixers are a number block team Sixers eight is Gonna be it's gonna be for Carl. All right the final box coming up. All right. Good luck everybody 9 out of 75 Darius Basely Okay, see it's gonna be for the Detroit group And that'll be for number nine and that'll be for Michael Osia the plate is a Select plate R. J. Hampton Orlando. That's for Carl Carl I'll avoid the big hit express Got a triple relic 40 out of 99 Evan Mobley triple Cavs zero. It's part of that Orlando group. It's gonna be for Carl 40 out of 99. I'm a man. I'm 40 Next is Franz Wagner. I like that colossal relic. This is sharp looking one four out of 25 Orlando for Is for Jose? There you go. He's got one of the numbers in that group. It's gonna work out for him a redemption It's I owe to Sunmu rookie material autographs dual a Chicago bull or in picking up the bulls straight up Soon move I've come to make a bargain. We got Jason Preston 14 out of 25 two-color patch and autograph That's Jefferson picked up the clippers straight up It's the RPA on the board Got Chris Duarte for the Pacers colossal relic four out of 99 for Eric and the Pacers Pacers straight up. I appreciate that Now Brandon Boston, Jr. 94 out of 99 another clipper for Jefferson a couple more autographs We got validating marks Chris Middleton 35 out of 49 Bucks part of the Orlando group It's gonna be for Carl number five. All right, and let's see what we got here the last one is A dual autograph two out of ten for the Pacers Steven Jackson and metta world peace I'm sorry miss Jackson All we are saying Give metta world peace of chance that's for Eric and The Pacers gets the dual auto and there you go. That's that ladies and gentlemen very nice a Solid break of twenty one twenty two NT basketball in the books got a quick little randomizer to do Let's flip back to random org and we've it's golden state Warriors Denver Nuggets and Dallas Mavericks Let's randomize it one into five six times team on top after six gets the plate one two three four five and Once more sixth and final time that's gonna go to Denver and that's her in coup with the Nuggets and All aboard the big hit express And there you go ladies and gentlemen a really solid break of twenty one twenty two Panini national treasures basketball Thanks everyone for getting into it. I'll see you next time for the next break. Bye. Bye


Welcome back to Tennis Talk, my name's Cam Williams and world number three Rafa Nadal has opened up a little bit about the injury that he suffered at Indian Wells over the past week. He was getting medical treatment throughout the final and also in the semi-final against Elcarez at Indian Wells to read of what Rafa had to say in his press conference after the final. So this is what Nadal had to say in the press conference after the match. I had pain honestly. I had problems breathing. I don't know if it's something on my rib. I don't know yet. When I'm breathing, when I'm moving, it's like a needle all the time inside here. I get dizzy a little bit because it's painful. It's a kind of pain that limits me a lot. It's not only about pain I don't feel very well because it affects my breathing. It's not the moment to talk about that, honestly. Even if it's obvious that I was not able to do the normal things today, that's it. The final, I tried. I lost against a great player. There you have it, Rafa doesn't quite know what is actually up with him at the moment. He said he has trouble breathing, which is kind of a concern. It's different if it was a muscle injury or like a joint injury, but breathing injury or a breathing problem, that's not good. Now, he's not playing Miami next week. You already pulled out of that tournament at the start of the tournament. So he's not playing next week. You have plenty of time to get ready for Monte Carlo, which is happening in the middle of April. So he's got about three weeks to get ready, but he doesn't know what's up. So he's going to have to get a doctor's opinion. And who knows, maybe he needs some rest. Maybe he can play with it. He doesn't seem to know. We won't know until he sort of gets, I guess, assessed by a doctor. But let me know down in the comments below. Do you think we're going to see Rafa back at Monte Carlo? Or do you reckon he's going to skip Monte Carlo because this injury or this problem is a little bit more serious than maybe he thinks and maybe that it actually is? Because he seemed to play OK at times, but he definitely looked in discomfort in that final against Fritz today at Indian World.


Everybody forced here rip in 2023 Star Wars Return of the Jedi chrome sapphire five bucks number four random pack style Pack numbers one through forty go like this. This is the first box on the left. We'll go left to right top to bottom So one through eight top to bottom this one and then nine through 16 and so on and top to bottom left right. Good luck everybody. Let's do it. I don't know. I don't know Chris I don't know All right. Good luck random time here. You'll go nine times Names then numbers names first one two three four five six seven eight and nine Got Brenton Y down to William N and nine times on the numbers one two three four five six seven eight and nine Nine down to 37 Otherwise nine times nine was on top Brenton with nine Shane W 15 Phil K 40 Russell F 10 William and 30 Jeremy S 29 Robert H 17 Christopher C 8 Craig M 19 Robert H 38 William and 13 Matt L 22 Scott H 24 Phil K 5 Francis G 27 Brenton Y 23 Wang S 39 Dean W 34 Christopher C 20 Twan with 25 William and 33 Phil K 2 There you go Jonathan L 12 Dean W 6 William and 18 Phil K 26 William and 7 Francis G 7 William and 7 Francis D 36 Yeah, William and 7 Francis D 36 Michael S 4 Phil K 32 Jonathan L 28 Jamin 11 Brenton with 35 Dustin G 1 William and 3 oh and R 21 Clay B 16 Alexander S 14 Jason R 31 William and 37 Get these posts. They get you a link so you can check it out. There we go Rosa Wilson Rise of Skywalker is one of the worst movies I've ever seen Considering that a lot of money was spent to make it Like factoring that in production value alone will make like any Star Wars movie Not like the worst thing of all time just because there's production value to it. That's pretty much it but man That movie good All right one three eight here anyway, we're not talking about that. We're talking about return to the Jedi which is Awesome pack one swing to safety Inside a job of the huts palace princess Leia has the force and the princess apprehended Number two Ewok leaders is Han Solo giving up the deadly cannon and above the sarlacc Number three Geez Chris. What are you doing? Sean's gonna Sean's gonna verbally assault you at the national Keep defending Sam like that Biker scout in the battle who's like Biker scout in the battlefield Hulking Gomorrian Guard Han Solo's plight and the Emperor's arrival So I showed to work Emperor Forrestine All right number four the Forrest fighters. That's what we call he does we call ourselves in fortnight Yeah, aqua the Death Star raid to 75 for pack four followed by bushes captive and the courageous Jedi five here portrait of Chewbacca Friends of the Alliance The new Death Star in the battle of the Jedi battle of the Jedi Six or six Got C3PO and R2-D2 The Emperor's offer Mon Mothma and Han Solo Number seven intergalactic gangster Sean's nickname actually within the Death Star The victorious rebels and a word with Ben Kenobi number eight Nine's worse than either than any of their prequels. I think hopefully a so-called will save us because Bando has been awesome Got decarbonized Luke Skywalker the Jedi with a green you walk leaders to 60 Green is 60 you walk leaders as pack eight and the Imperial fleets Yeah, I for sure would Vaughn I for sure at least there's memes about those at least there's memes about attack of the clones All right number nine I didn't see the new trailer yet Got the battle begins Luke Skywalker surrenders come on now come on now come on now forest the Vendor and Give in to your hate. Hey This is pack 10 Yoda the Jedi master a Gamorian Guard emerges Entering the throne room and Luke Skywalker now a Jedi number 11 is droids on the move awaiting his majesty for the sail barge and will Han Solo be dinner Yeah, that's me close number 12 You have a sand part 12 is here all hail C3PO with an aqua Chewbacca triump into 75 Rescuing Han Solo and Luke Skywalker's destiny This is 13 of their secret revealed ATST corridors of the Imperial destroyer and Ready for action Man memes save the prequel so bad revenge of the Sith is solid. That's an okay movie. That one's all right But the first two oh geez The droid in the Ewok 14 now you have 14 drink Ewok Emperor shuttle bizarre alien creatures and the friends depart number 15 The young Jedi Knights Prisoners yet these cards are safe confronting their destiny and job of the huts new dancing girl 16 Rebel cruiser Chewbacca triumphant princess Leia and a curious Ewok Yeah, like at least seven had some action like seven was solid Moving on here 17 through 24 Yeah, that was really it right like no one watches the rest of that movie The pod racing scene like the actual pod races cool, but everything around it 17 checklist With a gold behind it. Oh boy. Pack 17 here gold tie interceptor 3 of 15 the front view very nice Hack 17 there you go Princess Leia to the rescue and the approach of wicket 18 the Emperor Walking the plank bounty hunter bush in the victors. Oh So stickers are SP. I thought I had read that. I can't remember that though. Thank you, Joe So I think the stickers are SP sticker parallels 19 right here Thank you guys for pointing that out Gamorian Guard Sail barge creatures Courageous Ewoks It's very late court of evil. We've been live for eight and a half hours So that means I've been here for ten and a half hours What are we on now 20 back 20 the demise of job of the huts got a rival of the Emperor green to 60 above the Sarlacc bits and the desktop rate CGI Yoda is so It's like sci-fi movie bad All right 21 Facing job of the hut Landau Calrissian's disguise Luke Skywalker base and Battle in the forest Seriously Chris. That's crazy Luck luck.  I don't look at any pretty faces. Just the big fortuna You guys go back. Oh nice Princess Leia on the base for number 24 here Very nice.   I mean Luke What? Farm boy Jake and the arrival of bush beer Bush beer is you just oh man You know, I was like, I'm ready to have some beers this in our friends the national weapons bush beer. I don't think I'm gonna drink I'll have a sprite You're here a soft drink, please you have a Snapple back there. Oh Oh There's Jake. He is. Oh man. What a bot. We said his name. He was like, yeah What is Jake doing awake Jake? Don't you have to work during the day tomorrow? Oh? My goodness Well as your manager, I now know if there's anything going on tomorrow. I now know 25 right yeah 25 25 through 32 here. Oh That's cool. What was the buyback Jose? Fido and a jawa The heroic droids toward the desert palace Skywalker factor 26 droopy McCool Jake I return the Jedi on the sticker card there 88 card 22 there's like a box thing a battle of the bunker and serious situation 27 the rancor pit Darth Vader is down horrendous creature and the ultimate mission Drupes is how you're calling them now. Come on Vaughan. You're better than that 28 got deadly plunge Purple. Oh my god The victors 10 of 10 Unreal we've hit some huge cars out of this stuff tonight Number 28 the victors to 10 that that that's one of the bigger ones. We've hit 28 28 28 28 28 trying to find it Has it who has it Jonathan L Goodness gracious Jonathan L 10 of 10 the victors Full-fledged Jedi and break for freedom All right 29 29 29 theory of the Jedi the jaws of death That's Sean when he's hungry Turn the Jedi check his hand out of sail barge desert skip 30 back 30 the deciders Alert to danger soldiers of the Empire the rescuer 31 I'll have to get a pick of that Blasting a speeder bike a mother Ewok and childs a Message for job of the huts and sail barge battle 32 The netted droid with an aqua a monstrous guest to 75 the pack 32 size noodles and A path to destiny All right, here we go 33 340 fun stuff man. This stuff is sick 33 inspection lightsaber battle Lead singer size noodles. Oh boy and royal treatment 34 Darth Vader base Stormtroopers attack stormtrooper attack sorry rethinking the plan and the forest creatures 35 the rescue captured by the Ewoks Luke Skywalker Jedi warrior and Quiet C3PO.  I'm sorry 36. This is 36 For some reason I thought there were 38 in the break. I don't know why so I was like counting backwards. Yeah, this is 36 You don't even said that when I open it to 37 37 here All in solo is alive a portrait of wicket got ambushed by the Empire and headquarters for rigged Probably then pulling up to the imperial fleet is like the actual thing there 38 sitting with royalty snagged by the Ewoks R2-D2 hit and checklist 39 plan begins horror from the pit Princess Leia swings into action and face of terror and And last pack number 40. I think there's a parallel in this pack then because we only had one so far It looks like a thicker card a new challenge Escorted to the Ewok village green the princess apprehended nine out of 60 and Princess Leia strikes back All right, that will do for the break. Thanks again everybody got trash coming up next