Hi. Hi. So please introduce yourself. Hi. My name is Surain. I'm VP of Marketing for a company called Fraur Systems and we make the AirJet. And is that what you're holding there? So this is an AirJet and it's a solid state active cooling chip. All right. So let's enter your Compitex 2023 presentation. And as soon as I get into the room, I feel it's cooler in here. Is it already running the AC? Yes. No. I wish. Unfortunately it is not. But it is very cool in here. So what am I seeing here? So here you are seeing these are AirJet Minis. This is our smaller product. These are AirJet Pros. And this is the larger one. This is going to go into mass production later in the year. The AirJet Mini is actually in mass production right now. So this is a demonstration and it shows how the air is being blown out of the AirJet Mini chip. All right. And you call it the chip. Yes. But it's cooler. It is. So the reason we call it a chip is it uses a lot of the chip manufacturing capabilities. And it's also a device in unto itself. So this is actually inserted as it stands as a product into the host product to remove heat to either double the performance or make it smaller. There's a whole lot of benefits to using it. And those basically can make it can double performance. It can make it lighter, faster, thinner, dust free. It makes it dust proof because you can put a dust filter on the actual device as well. So you can have a computer now which has active cooling and no dust. So basically it's kind of like you can forget the fans. This is actually a much more efficient, quieter way of doing. It sounds like one of these inventions when people talk about the forever energy machine or something like that and it's hard to believe.  It's actually working. One could argue it looks like magic but when it comes to does it actually work, this is actually the gold best choice award from Computex. So we submitted for that, we've won a number of awards. So that's kind of validates the fact that it is actually real and works. And there is a famous YouTuber who comes by your booth and does video and is impressed. So that is Linus from Linus Tech Tips. So his video is already I think approaching 2 million views. PC World Magazine has also done a number of stories on us. So we've really had that kind of close look from the media and from customers and of course at Computex we had the first mini PC in the world was announced that's going to actually have these chips in it. And here's some illustration of all the applications. So you could be cooling SSDs. Yes. So now suddenly potentially you can have faster bigger storage and it's okay. Yes. So especially as the interfaces move from the Thunderbolt 3 to the Thunderbolt 4 and there is the capability to do things faster. At the moment that's really hard to do because of the thermal envelope. And if you see the new ones coming out they've got these massive great heat sinks on them. Those heat sinks can now go away and you could replace them with an AirJet mini. Because my SSD gets really, really hot and I use it to cook breakfast and stuff. It gets really hot. And how about smartphones? Yes. You can even target this. Yes. You can have the most powerful smartphones in the world. Yep. And when you look at smartphones if you actually look into the 5G networks the 5G networks actually don't work very well because the heat generated by the modem shuts them down and they revert back to 4G. So you really need to look at that when you're really what constrains the performance of these devices now is not the capability of the chips inside them. It's the heat. The heat really limits the performance of them. Nice. And here I see a notebook. So this is kind of like the big talk of the show, you know? You will help those laptops just run the max overclocked constantly. We can double the performance in the same super slim design. And we actually have a sample inside so I can show you that. But the same with stick PCs, gaming smartphones, even LED lights. Like all of these products, one of the things when we came out of Stealth and launched the product in January at CES. This wall is actually a collection of all of the inbound calls that we've got from people who are desperate wanting to solve their thermal issues. For example, there's a company, I'm using Panasonic because they don't have the same problem like Sony. I'm just, I'm joking, right? But they have this problem where they set cameras that sometimes overheat.  It's kind of sad. Like when you buy a camera, it should just work. Yes. Exactly. This could help. Yes. So you could be doing 8K video recording and your camera can stay thin, light and be fine. And silent. Silent? Of course, when you're using a video recording, it has to be quiet. You don't want a noisy fan there. So that's been a limitation. Now you can do it. But one of the things he said in his video, he said right now it sounded a little bit noisy. Yes. But that's because it's not optimized the whole thing yet. Yes. So he was looking at our laptops at Sample inside. And that's where we actually retrofitted a Samsung Galaxy Book Pro with AirJet. So where the air comes out the back through this spout, it actually hits the hinge on the laptop. It's not designed for this. If we had designed the laptop around AirJet, we would have ensured that it had a clear path for air. So what you can actually hear is the air coming out and hitting the edge of the casing because it wasn't a laptop that was designed for AirJet. I can imagine the people, this guy for example, I can imagine his life is very noisy. It's like entering an aircraft when you go to the cloud server area. Are you going to help with that? Potentially yes. So we can do spot cooling on the memory, on the M2 storage so we can do read writes faster. And that's really one of the things that is really important in the data centers too. It's the speed of transfer and again that's dictated by the heat and the thermal envelope. It sounds like it's the biggest challenge they always have when they build the cloud servers, the server rooms, it's always heat, too much power. But if you help these guys, it's like huge. And I mean they also pay 50,000 for a board and stuff. They have bigger budgets. Yes. So there's been lots of discussions about this here, right? So we can really, any one of these, we can help. So whether it's storage, it's writing, it's LED lighting, gaming, phoning, Wi-Fi access, automotive is going to be a little bit further down the path because the certification requirements for avionics and automotive is going to take us a little bit longer. But I have to tell you when there are 3,000 chips in the average car, that's a lot of heat. And they're really interested in our solution. It sounds like it's one of the challenges with electric cars also with all the batteries. They have some huge challenges that they kind of try to figure out. And self-driving cars, when you think about the LiDAR that's required to help navigate them, they have the same kind of heat problem. So it's really, it's a ubiquitous problem with the IoT devices that are getting more and more common, need more and more power in smaller and smaller form factors. It really is, it's a huge opportunity and we can add a lot of that value across a lot of different industries. My next HDMI stick is just going to be full PC power and it's just going to be cooled with this. And then you talk about TVs because maybe there's a light field, AK display, 16k, all this, it's used a lot of power and you're going to maybe help them. And that's not only on the electronics, I mean the whole thing is electronics, but also display parts, right? There are many, many applications for this and we are actively working with customers as fast as we can because there's been a lot of demand. As you can imagine, because everybody wants more power and more capability in smaller and smaller packages. And if you want that, a side product is heat. And you're going to help when the dentist is going to hurt less or what's going to help there with the dentist? Basically it's not going to get hot. So again, as you're using that, it gets very hot on the handle because it's using power. So again, if you can put a cooling device in it, it removes all of that heat. All right, so here you've had such a busy complex and people come in here and for example you show comparison, right? Yes, so basically one of the cool things about the AirJet is it has a really high back pressure or suction force. And this really shows that to get the same suction force out of a fan, the fan would be this kind of size. And trust me, you don't want to be carrying one of these around in your laptop or your gaming handheld gaming device. So actually on social media, you don't care if people say Ferrari sucks? No, exactly.  A lot of air that that is. Yeah. All right, that's pretty good. And so what what goes on with the oh, here's also helping with the camera on your website. Yep, all this. Yes, it's all on our website. And it's like listing all the different applications. Yep. To do more and more terabyte SSDs and everything. Exactly. And what goes next in the demo. So this is really cool, actually. This is called a Schlerian image and it actually visualizes the visualizes the heat. So this is actually happening live here. It's a little bit on the geeky side, but you can you it's a visualization of the airflow coming out of these two AirJets. So if we were to go down there, we could let me run over and stick my hand in it for you. If you keep looking over there, you can see in real time, I can put my hand there. And if you were to come and feel here, it actually you can you can feel the warm air coming coming out of here. So this is actually one that's happening in real time. So people can see what the actual airflow is of it. Do you feel that heat coming out? Yeah. Yeah. All right. It's cool, right? All right. So how long has it been in development? So Fraule spent four years in stealth doing this. They actually came out of stealth mode in December last year. And then it's CES in January. We actually launched the product. So we've really been in market maybe four months. And the response from industry across so many different segments has been phenomenal. And where are you based? So our head office and R&D center is actually in San Jose in California. And our fab, our manufacturing plant is actually here in Taiwan. And what do I see here with the is showing how the mini PC can be designed? Yep. So this is actually the product that was that was launched here this week. So this is the first mini PC in the world that has AirJet mini in it. So you can see it's got it's got two two chips in there. And they're actually placed onto a copper spreader like this. Then put into the device. The air is then in comes in through these side vents, which have dust proof covering over them. The air circulates around the device is then sucked into the AirJet mini. It transfers the heat. So air that is completely saturated with heat exits out of those two super skinny exit vents that you probably have trouble seeing because they're so small. That's a very compact area of air coming out. Yes. And this is demonstrating. Yeah. So this is one of the demos on this side. We have the we have the mini PC, which has actually got the air jets turned off. On that side, we have the air jets turned on. So you can see here the performance is the CPU power is one point two and the system power is nine, which is really low. Nobody would use it like that. And you can see the impact it has on this heavy, heavy workload that we've got here. If you can see over this one here, you can see when we turn the air jets on, it jumps from one point two up to six point two. It normally runs about seven and the system power is up to 20. And if you can see the video there, it's actually running smoothly, not jerky like this one. All right. So so there it's active and yes, the hot air is coming out. Yep. And there's still kind of fine tuning. This is going to be available in probably about three months time. And they're going to they're going to they're tweaking the rest of the system because the efficiency in the rest of the system isn't, you know, as good as it could be. So we anticipate by the time this is actually out in market, this should be closer to nine and a half, 10 watts. But I mean, when I look at this, it looks like 10 times faster, but you're talking double. Yes. Because from one to 10, it's 10. But I mean, it could be kind of like double. Yes. Yeah. So basically, when this hits the market, it'll be it'll be twice as it'll have twice the processing power of the previous generation that didn't have air jets in it. And it's just an Intel i3 and 300 and you just crank it up. So I guess these chip makers must be very excited by your presentations here. I think so. Yeah. And the question is how soon? How much? You know, all this. This is a big question, no. So how soon is these are actually being mass produced now? So the Airjet Mini is actually available now. As you can see, it's been integrated into the mini the world's first mini PC here, a Zotac product. It's actually the Zotac. You can see here how it fits together. It's the Zotac. It's the Zbox PI430 AJ standing for Airjet with Airjet. And that will be on the market probably late August at this point. But there will be a certain cost difference between that version and that version, which hopefully it's not double the price of the whole box.  It definitely does cost more than a fan. But it is obviously an acceptable price increase because our customer is going with it. But the benefit is it costs a little more, but it doubles the performance. So really, Airjet is ideal for people who either value much higher performance or they need the product to be silent or much smaller or dust free. And if you have multiple of those, then most people are really, really excited. So somebody is saying the chat, just don't call it the hottest new thing. So it's the coolest new thing like that. It's definitely the coolest new thing. And here we see this is are you doing a security like? Yeah, so this is this is actually a ring, a ring camera. So we obviously we bought this off the shelf. We've integrated one Airjet Mini into it. So now your ring camera can be 8K, 120 frames per second. Yes. Right. Before, it's just a little 4K thing. As soon as they improve the performance of the chip so they can do more, they now you can see with the commercial, it's running at 45.9 degrees with the Airjet, it's 31.8 degrees. That difference in difference in temperature actually equates to extra headroom that you can put more processing power in to get the Airjet version up. And you'd see a dramatic increase in performance. Nice. Can you describe a little bit? How about the the the lighting one is pretty cool actually. So this is how much you can reduce the lighting. Yes. So this is an application that we had no idea about until they came to us. But here you have if you look into the high quality LEDs. So so LED downlights that are in hotels or, you know, shopping centers are really expensive, high quality ones. If you were to see up above the little downlight, this massive box is actually in the ceiling. And the reason it has to be so large is they is it has to be totally sealed. So it has to be totally airtight.  So to do that, they need this, which is the biggest heat sink I think I've ever seen. It's massive and it's really heavy. So they have to do that to put it in here to keep it cool. What we did was we they reached out to us and we were like, I think we can help you. And we actually took this and we took a module that looks like this and we popped it on the other side of the LED module and we basically replaced this really, really heavy. My arms getting hold just saw just holding it with this little two edge mini thermal module. And what that enabled us to do was go from a product size that was this to this. So you're changing the lighting industry completely. And it's a 90 percent decrease in volume. It's a 72 percent decrease in weight and the temperature is a little bit warmer, but well below the threshold. So the value that this customer is getting out of this is not only the performance and the increased demand for a smaller, easier to use product. It's also the savings on cost and storage and shipping costs because of this big weight. I mean, it's really brings all of this value one of the biggest costs in all consumer electronics is power consumption. So you could potentially also use half the power at the same performance because you do double the performance at the same power. Or how's the power comparison? Power consumption isn't necessarily one of the one of the selling points that we have, but you're absolutely right in that you can you can do twice as much. So that's going to be exciting, too, to see what happens. Here's a laptop. Yep, so this is a these are two Galaxy Book Pro to Galaxy Book to Pro 13. This one is straight off the shelf. And you can see it's running with a system power of 20 watts and a CPU power of 12 watts. This one over here, we've actually retrofitted with three edged minis that you can see under here. One, two, three. So the way this is performing at the moment, you can see up here is it 25 watts and 16 watts. So you can already see just with the three edged minis in here. We've already had a significant increase in performance. If we designed this laptop, we actually would have put a fourth one in place. And that would have taken this from 16 up to 20 watts in the same super slim design. The other thing that's really cool about this, again, is because of that high back pressure in a laptop like this. I don't know whether you can see it, but it's got if I lift this up. It's got an air vent across the back here. If you can see all those those events, that's there because the fan is the fan was here, which you can see corresponded to those events. The reason those events have to be there is because the back pressure or the suction power of a fan is really low. So when we put the air jets in, we can we can remove any events on the device except for one event, one intake vent along the back, which we cover with dust proof material. And that makes the entire laptop dust dust proof, which is amazing if you've ever looked inside a laptop with a fan and seen all the dust bunnies in there. Very unattractive. Somebody's asking. Somebody's asking, are they using cavitation to increase throughput of air? But I guess it's a whole question of like where the air comes from and stuff. And you just grab the air. You don't need to have huge holes everywhere to grab the air. Oh, no, no, so the air comes in just through a super slim slot on the side. So so we just have one slim inlet on in the back. We cover it with with dust proof material, which doesn't impact it at all because of the the back pressure or the suction force. And then that air actually is designed to come in, circulate around the actual laptop to cool it before it sucked into the air jets. And and then it it then takes the it then transfers the heat directly from, in this case, a vapor chamber into the air jets where the heat is then transferred into the air and eject ejected out of the device. So here it's not an optimal design, right? No, but you're already doing 33 percent more performance. But you also use more power on this one. Yes. But but what you're claiming is 50 percent potential. Yes. Yeah. So that's going to be exciting. Yeah. So that's that's useful both for Intel and ARM CPUs, like for any any CPU, they all do heat. Anything that generates heat, this will remove heat from. But the real sweet spot for us are compact devices that need increased performance or decrease size and dust proof and silent. So if we get all of those things, then this is really the perfect fit for it. And that's why we've had so many inquiries from places where we never even thought about it. Another really good one is actually the SSD. So if you've seen the newest high performance SSDs coming out with the Thunderbolt 4 on it, you'll notice a lot of them have a massive big heat sink on it. So here we've taken a SSD accessory. We've retrofitted it with two air jet minis. And you can see here, if you could feel this, this one is the standard off the shelf one, really hot. This one is the air jet one, and it's, you know, significantly cooler. Oh, my God, you can cook an egg. Yeah, it's hot. Yeah. And you can. So for the people out there who can't touch it, the temperature up here of the commercial one is 69 degrees. And on the SS on the air jet one is 56 degrees. Now, in an ideal world, we would actually show the increase in performance. But unfortunately, on this device, this is a Thunderbolt 3. These are performing at the highest they can with a Thunderbolt 3. If we had a Thunderbolt 4 on it, we would be ramping up the ramping up the performance here and the temperature would be the same. And you would see the difference. Well, we, you know, this is this is what the projection is, that we will actually, when we have the Thunderbolt 4, we will be able to get up to that maximum for GB, GBs per second, read and write. Yeah, that's what I've been waiting for. Because Apple or other have been releasing laptops supposedly can do 40 gigabit per second. But the SSD makers are not yet releasing them because they can't. Yeah. And when they do, unless they use air jet, they're going to have one of those massive heat sinks on it. Which are really not very customer friendly, I have to say. All right. So the mass production is going to happen in some very interesting fabs and you're designing those fabs. Yeah. So we have our fabrication manufacturing plant is actually here because this is completely new. It's new materials, new design, new new machines to make it, new machines to test it. Everything about it is new. So we've had to build about our own fab here. So that's here in Taiwan. And they're going into mass production now, actually, because we've been out of self now in four months. We've got our customers lined up. So these are starting to roll off and go into devices, which customers will be able to buy here in the coming months. And here, Computex, you did let some people try to open it up a little bit. And look what's inside, right? Yes. You don't have one that's already open right here? No. We actually, yeah, no. We we it'd be nice to see with a microscope. What's happening in there? Yeah. So number one, we wouldn't, you know, we didn't let them look at it with a microscope either. But basically, basically, if you look inside it, there is a cavity in there and a there are vibrating piezoelectric membranes and they actually cause a suction force. And then air comes down and impinges in pulsating jets that move at 200 kilometers an hour in here, which blows me away, literally, that they impinge on the copper base here and that vertical impingement at 200 kilometers an hour breaks the thermal barrier. And that enables the air inside this air jet chip to become completely saturated with heat and then ejected from the device out of this little spout. All right. That's that's really cool. So I guess that's potential for so many other markets. And here it's hot. It's hot in Taiwan. Yes, air conditioning is a bit big for us yet. But, you know, really, this can be this could be scaled up or down. But we're only a very young company. We obviously have a very, very new and innovative tech that can be expanded to all kinds of markets. It's just what makes sense on our road, our roadmap. Hello, I'm Mr. Beast. No, I'm not Mr. Beast, actually. But if I was Mr. Beast and if I was sending you a bunch of money, I would use Wyze.  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Welcome to our animal science and forage webinar series. My name is David Russell. And today I'm excited to share with you some thoughts about managing weeds in our spring pastures and hay fields. What I'd like to cover is a little bit about integrated pest management, what that means, where we are right now and our spring transition period across forward systems. Talk through some control options. What we're dealing with right now at this time regarding weed pressures and some resources that I use quite a bit regarding weed ID and management. So what do you think of when you hear the words weed control? What comes to mind? It's probably chemical control. What herbicide do I need to use to control this particular weed? Right? Well, I'd like to let you know that there's a little bit more to weed control than just herbicide options. We have what we call an integrated pest management approach. Basically, this is just a multifaceted management approach to pest. In our case, weeds. It's an ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests or their damage through a combination of techniques such as biological habitat manipulation, modification of practices. And I'd like to cover four today. The first of which is preventative. Preventative measures is exactly what it says. We're preventing weeds from establishing in a particular crop to begin with. The use of certified weed-free seed, cleaning farm equipment are just a few examples. Here, just a couple of pictures portraying that. Cleaning off equipment after you get out of a field before you move on to the next field, making sure that any particular weed seed is not traveling to a new spot where it's not yet been introduced. You see the back of the mowers here, cleaning off grass clippings. Those are easy catches for weed seed. The second is cultural practices. This is basically techniques that involve maintaining field conditions such that weeds are less likely to establish in the first place. All right, here are just a couple of examples portraying that. Look at the picture on the left and how close to the ground that forage has been grazed, all right? We don't have a really good healthy forage stand to combat weed pressure. Any questions that I get? That's kind of my first question to the producer is I like to ask what condition is the forage stand in to begin with? Because before I can recommend any kind of herbicide for a particular weed species, I wanna make sure that that healthy forage stand is our first line of defense to begin with because we can apply herbicide to control a particular weed in a lot of cases, but if we don't have a good forage cover to cover those gaps to prevent future emergence of weed species, then we're really not doing a whole lot of good in the long run, all right? So managing our cattle, livestock, our mowing heights, our mowing frequencies, practicing a good fertilization program, taking soil samples, all of the above are cultural control methods to combat weed pressures. Third, mechanical control. These are basically physical techniques to destroy weeds or decrease weed seed germination such as tillage, mowing, hand pulling, et cetera. All right, I don't know many of us who are forage or livestock producers who don't enjoy getting on a tractor and bush hogging and making a really weedy field go to a clean slate really quick, all right? There's some level of satisfaction to this and there's a place for mechanical control measures but understand that this comes with a cost as does most anything else. So this year, Department of Transportation estimated mowing costs between $35 and $55 per acre if done in-house and if they contracted these mowings out, it still fell within that same ballpark figure. So just keep that in mind. Per acre, on a per acre basis, you're spending about $41 per acre just to run a clipper across a weedy field, all right? And how many times are you gonna have to do that per growing season under ideal situations, all right? At least two during a summer if you've got a really weedy field, all right? So understand that that comes at a cost. That also may remove approximately 75 to 400 pounds of desirable forage, all right? So you're not just selectively removing that weed species. You're also getting rid of a lot of good forage during that same time. So I'm not saying that mechanical mowing or other tillage practices doesn't have a fit because it does just understand in a bigger picture that it comes and then there's the obvious chemical control measures. If you are considering chemical control practices, there are a few key points that I'd like to drive home, all right? There are certain requirements such as proper weed identification, all right? I can't prescribe a particular herbicide to you in a given situation if weed number one don't know what the weed species is, all right? There's several resources out there that I touch on toward the end that are helpful for me anyway to identify a given weed species. Then there's proper herbicide selection, all right? We can select a given herbicide for a particular weed species but understand that there are certain herbicides that are detrimental to a desirable forage species. So it may control a particular weed but we need to know what the desirable forage is so that we can select that proper herbicide as well. And then equipment calibration, all right? There are a lot of our products available now especially the dry flowables that are dispersed and broadcast over a given acre in minute amounts. So for example, pastora, we're recommending rates between one half to 1.3 ounces per acre, all right? So that's not a whole lot of material. And so if you get that rate off or if you're not properly calibrated and you're putting out too much or too little, you're gonna have to make another pass to hit the misses or in some situations you might be doubling that application and you could cause some damage to your desirable forages. So keep that in mind. And we're talking about forage systems. There are several across the state that we're dealing with and it's not just one desirable forage. And it's not all grasses. We do have tall fescue, especially in the northern half of the state. The hay grass and Bermuda throughout are perennial grasses. Many of our grazing pastures are just mixed grass pastures, you know, a mixture of these species. And then we've got our desirable legumes such as alfalfa as a soil crop or we've got legumes that are interceded with the end. That kind of makes it a little more difficult, especially when we're using chemical control options to control certain weeds. Not all of those are gonna be desirable to any given grass or broadleaf forage out there. So we need to know the situation. All right, so where are we right now? Mid-May, might as well say the latter half of May, it's been raining all winter. We've set record rainfall amounts this winter. We're currently already over half of our annual rainfall for the year just between the 1st of January and now mid-March. And so we're really wet and we've not been able to get equipment in the field and our fields are looking like this right now. It's covered up with buttercup and it's still just too wet to get out and do anything about it. We've got other herbaceous broadleafs like curly dock emerging out there right now. Little barley is one of many annual cool season grass species that are showing up right now as the soil temperatures increase. Along with little barley, we've got other annual grass species like volunteer annual ryegrass, our brome species, Carolina foxtails, creeping bentgrass. There are several annual grasses out there that are really kinda tough to deal with. We've got several options for taking broadleafs out of a given grass species but it's really difficult sometimes to take grass weeds out of grass systems. We've got our mix of geraniums and hen bits and chickweed, dandelions, and then the obvious thistle, especially the southern half of the state right now many of our thistle species are beginning to bulk and start putting up blooms. Understand that we have perennial and annual species but these plants like thistle are a biennial species. So it will start at year one with a rosette and then in year two it will send up a bolt and send up a flower head and start releasing seeds. So with any of these herbaceous broadleafs they germinate in the fall. So we may be seeing them out there right now especially weeds like the yellow top or the buttercup but understand that we can tackle a lot of these especially the broadleafs in the fall because they're germinating as the soil temperatures begin to cool in the November, December timeframe. So if you can get out in that timeframe before it starts our raining season then you can first of all use lower rates of herbicide because the weeds are small and actively growing. And then for example, cheekweed germinates around 54 degrees hen bit germinates around that 59 degrees obviously with soil moisture. So we're talking about that November timeframe on average across the state and herbicides like 2,4-D or weedmaster or Grazon-next can go a long way when those broadleaf weeds begin to emerge and we can hit them whenever they're young and actively growing while we can still get in the field before the field conditions really start to decline. Now I understand that there are several issues why we can't control our weeds. A survey out of Kentucky several years ago surveyed forage and livestock producers and their number one reason for not controlling weeds is they don't wanna kill their clover. Others are herbicides are too expensive. Their cattle or livestock eat the weeds so why control them? And there's valid points to each of these but let's touch on the clover. So right now most fields that aren't controlled with any measure, let's say for example, we've got fields of buttercup but we've got clover in there too. So what do we do about fields of buttercup and hen bit, cheekweeds and the dandelions and the thistles?  A lot of our fields have volunteered, established white clover but we've also got our annual species like the Persian clover, the crimson clover, the hot clover that we know are beneficial to both our soil and our livestock. I'd like to tell you a little bit about a study and show some preliminary results from a study we did several years ago where we looked at typical herbicide applications in the spring, targeting these bullseys and broadleaf weeds and then we also came back in the summer during that June timeframe and used herbicides like weedmaster and grazon next to control some of our more tough summer weeds like dogfinal and horse nettle. So what we have here are all the treatments across the bottom and the percent change. You see that line zero there toward the middle. Everything above that line is an increase over the span of about a year that we measured this, actually 400 something days and we saw an increase from the beginning of this study to the end of this study. We saw an increase in clover densities with all the treatments. The only decline in clover populations that we saw were in the plots where we did nothing at all. And I think a few things are going on here. Number one, this was established white clover. So the Dutch clover, the Ladino type clovers out there that are volunteered in your pasture, they can tolerate a lot of our oxen herbicides. And so the March application was made when that clover was in the middle of its growth stage. So it still had April, May and probably parts of June to recover. And then when we made that June application, either the clover had declined enough and wasn't actively growing, or we had enough seed in the soil seed bank to recover that following year from the herbicide applications. And where we have the decline on the untreated check, we probably just had too much broadleaf. Weed pressure that overtook the desirable clover species. So I show you this just to say that there are some options out there to control our cool season broadleaf weeds without killing our clover. The 2,4-D, for example, established white clover will tolerate up to one and a half pints of just 2,4-D amine pretty readily. Here's just another picture of our grades on next application. For example, 1.25 pints supplied the first weekend in July and this is 42 weeks later. We've got our established white clover along with our Persian and hot clover recovering. And we've got many other species that recover a year later. What about this question? What do you think is easier? Killing a plant before it ever comes up and becomes a problem or trying to kill a plant once it's growing and building its defense mechanisms, all right? It's almost always easier to kill a weed, any given weed species, especially annuals when they are young and actively growing or before they begin to emerge to begin with. So annuals are best controlled in the fall. So our little barley, annual ryegrass, a lot of our pre-emergence applications, if they can go out in the fall before these weeds begin to emerge, we get a lot longer activity out of these products like prowl whenever it's a good timely application because especially when we're dealing with grass species, we're limited on what post-emergence options that we can use. So if you've got your pastures right now or hay fields that are overrun with annual grass species, there are other options out there. Do we bale it? Do we graze it? All right, cut it for baleage or haylage because there are a lot of options out, there are a lot of herbicides out there, just like roundup applications over the top of annual ryegrass that I really wouldn't recommend at this point because Bermuda grass is beginning to green up and we really don't wanna injure our summer grasses that are starting to emerge. So I know it's been difficult, especially this winter, getting equipment in the field, but that's a risk that is real right now when we're trying to get rid of a lot of these, especially these annual grass weeds species. You have bullrush, there's a lot of low lying wet areas right now and bullrush is beginning to show up. All right, one quart per acre of 240 amini or ester during this February or even March timeframe is really good and effective to control these bullrush species, but keep in mind, if you get rid of that bullrush and that low lying area, what's gonna take its place? Is it a situation to where you're gonna have livestock in that low lying area, or is it better just to leave it alone? You'll have to kind of figure out those management goals. Speaking on the annual grass control, here's a study that we did a couple of years ago where we looked at comparisons of gramoxone versus roundup targeting annual ryegrass. All right, this was 14 days after treatment at the vegetative stage. You can see we're getting some pretty good control from both the gramoxone and the roundup. Look at that compared to a later application when the ryegrass is nearing the boot stage or starting to have seeds emerge. All right, you still get pretty good control with both these treatments, but look at the amount of thatch that you have from these dead plant carcasses. All right, what that's gonna do is keep the soil cooler longer because sunlight can't reach the soil surface. And that's gonna be a competition factor for the emerging summer grasses like Bahaya and Bermuda that you may have. So that's gonna impede that emergence and probably delay your first cutting if it's a hayfield, not to mention you might risk damaging the Bermuda grass or the Bahaya grass that may already be emerged. For example, this is an application of roundup applied mid-March. And you can see the strips at the top in the middle of this plot where it looks like we've got pretty good grass coverage. But what we have here is where the Bermuda grass was more significantly damaged from this roundup application and foxtail is now encroaching. And what do we do about foxtail once Bermuda grass and Bahaya and other forward species are up? I don't really have a solid answer about the foxtail we've been working on that for several years. Trying to look at timely applications of several different herbicides and we still don't have a solid answer. But I put this up here just to show you that there's a risk involved with applications after emergence of our summer grasses like Bermuda grass. I will say that there are products coming hopefully later this year that will allow us pre-emergent treatment in the fall before weeds like annual ryegrass and in the spring at this time before ryegrass or excuse me, before summer annual grasses begin to emerge like our foxtails that have been really good in experimental trials the last few years. This is in Daza Flam. It is going to be registered under the trade name in the Southeast as Resalon. And what you see here is the integrated management approach that we mentioned to begin with. All right, we've got a timely application of herbicide on this Bermuda grass that is controlling the foxtail. But I guarantee you we wouldn't have as good of control here if it weren't for a good healthy forage stand. So be able to look out for Resalon later this year to be registered. Another issue we've dealt with this herbicide and many other pre-emergence is the amount of thatch layer or crop residue from the previous year. All right, we might make a timely application of a pre-emergence herbicide and really get good rainfall incorporation. But if that seed germinates in the thatch layer or the residue above the herbicide, it's not going to do much good. So that's when a practice such as burning that thatch off before a herbicide application would be really beneficial. Here we have an example of little barley that has grown and actually did produce a seed head without much of a root system at all. So what we had here was little barley growing through the winter. We had so much moisture a couple of years ago that it did well just in that crop residue layer above the herbicide. We've had a relatively mild winter and I know three or four years ago we had foxtail germinating March one. So be on the lookout for this problematic species across pasture is probably all right. This is just a couple of shots of the endazoflam that I mentioned earlier that is to be registered by Bayer later this year. I hope that it will be registered by the fall and winter of 2020 because it's been a really good product for us before annual ryegrass begins to germinate this fall in the fall. So here's an example of some test strips that a producer put out. And this is about two months after application where Bermuda grass is beginning to green up in the spring. This was 13 months after that same application where volunteer annual ryegrass was controlled successfully and we've gotten a really good clean green up of Bermuda grass. So more tools in the toolbox coming in the future and I'd love to answer any questions on any of these or any other products coming from other companies this year but I'd like to leave you with some resources that I use. I know I get questions a lot about particular weed identification and these are just three books that I keep in my truck. Always forced plants of the Southeast, weeds of the South and weeds of southern turf grasses that help me identify problematic weed species that I may not already be familiar with. Any questions that I get from you as producers? A lot of times I'll use these very resources to help me answer your questions as well as southeasternfloor.com and online resource from the same author of weeds of the South. So I hope that's been helpful. I hope I've answered a lot of questions and again, if you've got any questions please feel free to reach out to me. I'd love to try to answer those and work with you in the future. Thank you.


OK, so the next session will be by Tim Potter about advancing container support in Debian. Thanks. OK, thanks, everyone. So I'm just going to talk today about containers, a little bit about what they are in case you haven't heard of them. I'd be surprised if anyone hadn't. Kind of some of the reasons why people like them and what we are doing in Debian to try and let people use containers. So to start off, containers are actually not really, I guess, like everything under the sun. There's nothing new. Containers are a way of implementing very lightweight virtualization. So instead of having to emulate a complete server hardware down at the instruction set level, we're doing virtualization at a much higher level at the process level. So containers are sometimes referred to as process-based virtualization. And our containers are implemented using two kind of technological features in Bill and his kernel, control groups, and namespaces. So control groups are a way of having more fine-grained access to resources on the machine. So you can do a lot more in terms of restricting access to different CPUs or memory. You can, oh, thanks very much. You can place limits on the network use and IOU siege of a process or a group of processes. It's all about resource control. And namespaces is another feature in the Linux kernel and it allows processes to be isolated from one another at the operating system level. And this isolation can occur at several different levels, so at the process table level. So processes can't see other groups of processes on the machine. It looks like they're the only process running on the machine. For network, you can give a process or a group of processes their own networking IPv4 or IPv6 networking stack that's completely isolated from the rest of the machine. You can have a different mountain namespace between processes and user. You can have a different set of user IDs, group IDs, and IPC and UTS, so inter-process communications. And I believe that's kind of host name. UTS refers to host name and domain name type of things. So not only can you isolate processes from one another using all these methods, you can also share them as well. So you can have two different sets of processes sharing a network stack or it can be completely separate. So it's very fine-grained as well, like control groups. And it's the combination of these two things, control groups and namespaces that make containers work on Linux. Brief history of players here, there's probably more knowledge in the room here about this than I have. But I'm trying to give a general overview. You might remember OpenVz and Linux vServer. These were quite old in internet time, quite old systems for doing process virtualization. So again, the idea is you've got one server and you can run multiple kind of other containers, virtual private servers inside this one machine without having to do the full hardware virtualization. So it was a kind of predated virtualization as we know it today. So OpenVz and Linux vServer, I think, OpenVz is still going. They're still producing releases, which is pretty fantastic to see. And our containers, I guess as we know them today, kind of came into being mostly with LXC, LXC for Linux containers. They're, it takes the control groups and namespaces technologies that I mentioned, put some nice user space tools for managing them and creating and destroying containers. And then along came Docker. I think everyone here has probably heard of Docker. And Docker came along and I guess it didn't really introduce anything new technologically. It's still underlying bits and pieces are still the namespaces and control groups. But Docker came along with some really good user space tools and this kind of idea of being able to share container images very easily. So there's a image registry for Docker.  If you've ever used, personally, when I use LXC, I found it a bit clunky to try and create images and get started. But Docker, I think their innovation, one of their innovations was this being able to get started very quickly and having a shared image repository. And yeah, what's next? I don't know. Docker seems like it's invincible at the moment. They've got all the mind share and all the developer share but disruption in the industry is a way of happening and surprising people. So who knows what's gonna come next. So it seems to me that everyone's gone container crazy. You can't kind of read an IT magazine or something without someone talking about Docker. It's really quite amazing and it's even, I found this little graph here a while ago. But this graph was originally done in 2015 and I reproduced it here and it shows, I guess, okay, it's not a scientifically accurate graph. It's just a measure of the Google trends which is a number of searches for a particular topic. And the yellow line there is, sorry, the red line is, sorry, the yellow line is searching for a virtualization. Red is kind of open stack. I mean, if you thought open stack was crazy, I'd just look at the blue line there. So in 2015, the trend was kind of going upwards and then this year it's continued to go upwards at about the same rate. So that's kind of interesting. I'd, containers seem to be a bigger thing. I've got a question. Well, sorry, the microphone. Maybe people are searching for technologies they're having trouble with. Yeah, no, it's not very scientific. I mean, obviously it's, well, that would mean they're using it, wouldn't it? But anyway, it's not very scientific that I think, I thought it was interesting looking at the, comparing the graph from 2015 and I'm extending it to 2016. The trends are kind of continuing. So it's kind of interesting. Okay, so why has everyone gone container crazy? I don't know, I think Docker has just turned up at the right place at the right time with the right set of tools. And it's just kind of taken advantage of perhaps people's, I don't know, disillusionment with the complexity of OpenStack, I don't know. That's just a guess. Personally, I use containers, Docker a lot just for day-to-day development, being able to create a Debian image and then check some little thing about it. So where does this file come from? Anything like that and you can just destroy it again. So, well, I would have used virtualization. It's a lot quicker to use container. And there's so many application images as well, not just the operating system. So you can create a Jenkins server very quickly. You can make an elastic search cluster very quickly as well. It doesn't take anywhere near as much of time as it takes to build one up using virtual machines. So development, I think, absolutely fantastic. I use it all the time. And production, yeah, I've heard some, I haven't had any direct experience with HP customers using production, but I've heard lots of stories that people are out there doing lots of CI, CD with containers and using the isolation and reproducibility features of Docker. Okay, so a little bit about containers. I think that Debian is actually missing out on the chance to get a lot of new users and to have a lot of people use Debian that might not simply because we don't support containers very well at the moment. I think Debian's a great choice for containers because it's the qualities that we like of freedom and quality and security. And Debian, I've said Debian stable is stable, but what I mean is it makes a great host operating system.  It's got to have good kernel support, driver support, get security fixes, you know? And it turns out that it's a really, you want to have stable on your host and then something on your host as your guest as an unstable, sorry. You want to have something stable on your host and then your guest can do anything it likes and it's not gonna contaminate what's on the host and having helped run, build and run a kind of large public cloud, being able to separate your workload from your base operating system is just a really fantastic way of being able to run things without a lot of trouble. We can avoid operating system vendor lock-in by, you know, this host and guest thing. It's a, I mean, host and guest idea is something that virtualization has taught us. And yeah, we can avoid running, having to run Red Hat on our, I'm sorry, we can avoid to have, having run other operating systems on our host. And if you want to, and I guess what I'm trying to say, if you want to run, have everything free, you have to start from a free base. And so if running Debian as your base operating system for containers, I think this definitely helps. Avoid OS vendor lock-in. I'm probably meant to say you should buy lots of HP hardware so you can have hardware lock-in. That's fine with me. Okay, so Debian support for Docker. Yeah, the main problem here, well, not really a problem. For freedom anyway, Docker is available as a vendor package from docker.com and it's a binary deb file that you download and install, and security people might not be happy with that idea. What source code was it built from? None of us is, not only security people. Everyone, okay? Fantastic.  I think that's a bad idea. Yeah, so vendor packages of open source and the commercial Docker are available, but we'd like to have it in Debian main. And this is something that the package Go and the Docker team and I have been working on. Yeah, we have fairly old versions in stable backports, 1.6, 1.8, 1.3 in testing, which is still pretty old, 1.8. And 1.11.2 just got uploaded a few days ago into unstable, which is fantastic. Yeah, so yeah, I guess, yeah, we're kind of struggling with this problem of, I guess you cannot be able to put new things into stable so you can use backports. Also, the Docker, yeah, they seem to be producing a lot of code in a very short time, every couple of months, there's a new version, which has more dependencies which need packaging. So it's quite a large effort to keep up with the sheer volume of coding that's going on, which is fantastic. It's great to see that we're getting new features and the whole industry is kind of moving along. But yeah, making sure this is in Debian is quite a bit of work. Another bit of software you might have heard about is Kubernetes. It's a kind of container orchestration platform that uses Docker as a backend. I think you can use other backends, but I believe most people use Docker. It's been going for a long time and it's very popular as basically as a pass. So as a platform for developing, we're distributing kind of large multi-node applications. And this is in Debian as well, but only in experimental. So we've done a lot of packaging work, getting Kubernetes. Yeah, interestingly, almost all of the container software is written in the Go language. So there seems to be this really interesting kind of, I wouldn't say it a renaissance, but there's really lots of interest in using Go as a language for writing system software. Yeah, so yeah, Kubernetes is an experimental, hasn't really been tested that much yet. Rocket is another interesting project. It's, I guess in some sense, it's another group of people who are not wanting, I mean, trying to avoid vendor lock-in from Docker. So we're writing, not a replacement for Docker, but a substitute or a complement for Docker. So it's still very much in incubation kind of development stage. And I don't think it's seen a lot of, I don't think it's seen a lot of uptake with all the March air being taken by Docker. Anyway, for interest in Rocket, we have it in testing and unstable. Okay, just to kind of close why I think we should be working on containers. So the fact is that containerization is driving a lot of computing at the moment. We have a lot of customers, a lot of our customers are very interested in using Docker in the development and in production. I've heard some stories from some of the sales people and HP that even very conservative customers like banks are very interested in this. You would not think of banks typically as being customers that would be adopting a lot of new technology that they've taken on this Docker and Kubernetes idea and are really running hard with it. So Debian risks, I believe Debian risks being left behind and losing growth through other distributions because quite frankly, we are not, we don't support containers at the level that I think we should be. So just the Debian packaging go team is a typical Debian team, 55 members with a kind of core team that works on Docker. So yeah, I think I don't want this to be a, we need assistance kind of pleading for help talk, but if you want to try out Docker in Debian, it's available in the main archive. So yeah, download it and try it out please. So thanks very much everyone and are there any questions? Yeah. All the other container to GCC go instead of Golang because the problem that we have with Golang is actually that it's not supporting too many architectures. Okay, yeah, good question. Yeah. I don't think that GCC go is the preferred go compiler at the moment by people in the go community, which is I guess is unfortunate because it's kind of what Debian is, I guess packaged it a lot. So yeah, it was actually quite difficult to bootstrap version 1.5 I think for ARM. Using GCC go, but as far as I know, I think everything's being built with the new go. So yeah, sorry, which platforms are you interested in? Okay, right. And another problem was that another problem with a Golang was recently that Golang upstream, they kind of wanted to drop power five support for power PC, big Indian. Okay. Which was kind of pointless because like no one was like, I mean, they wanted to raise the architecture level to power eight, which would have meant that, you know, that's the architecture that people can run the little engine port on.  So but luckily I was able to convince them to not to do that. Oh, great, okay, yeah. I guess we're somewhat of the mercy of upstream in this, because it's an entire language, I guess. There's not a lot of deep knowledge of going in Debian, I think, or at least some of the, myself included some of the packaging team don't have such a deep knowledge of go. So we're kind of following along. So we're running a bit out of time because we started late. We have one more question here. Cool. Tim, are there any plans to make official? Are there any plans on making official? Debian images for Docker? Oh, yeah, interesting, yeah. There are already official images. The images that you can pull from the Docker Hub built by some Debian team members already, sorry, some Debian developers already. So they're probably as official as you can get. Or you could go along to the cloud images bof, which I think is very shortly and find out. Yes, we had that discussion for various other cloud things too, and the Debian trademark team wants some sort of verification of those images before they are officially declared official Debian. Right, okay, sure. I mean, yeah, as I said, the images are generated by other Debian developers, so you can work directly with them. I'm not involved with that, so. Sorry. Okay. Guys, we're running out of time. Thanks, everyone. The next session starts in five minutes. So please talk to Tim after the talk, if you have any more questions. Yeah, sure. And I'm sorry about the delay. Thank you.


So, can everybody hear me? Great. My name is Julius Voreva. I am software engineer at Red Hat, and I'm going to talk about a year-ring and how we integrated it in Qoom. So, first, we're going to discuss a year-ring API and how cool is it, and what's new inside, and then something about Kimu and what's inside. So, this is IO path in virtual machine. We can see that a lot of stuff is going on. So, IO path from user space to kernel, and you need to choose some Azure kernels IO there, and then it connected to Kimu with a block driver, and then we can finally pass through our IO requests to kernel. So, what's now existing in Kimu? We can use Linux IO, but it's not really good because it's not true as in. We can use thread pools, we can use NVMe pass-through, which works well, great, but it's not migratable, and SPDK is hard to manage, and so, what we can do? We know that we have this path from Kimu user space to hardware, and we can now improve it because we have new IO-ring API instead of existing Linux IO. What does it IO-ring? It is a new truly asynchronous interface, which was created for block devices, but now it can do everything. It can just a good interface to pass messages to the kernel in an asynchronous way. So, you can pass network also and do other syscalls. You can change syscalls. For example, if you have asynchronous open and asynchronous read, you can make that read will go after open, and this all way will be asynchronous. So, that's cool. It's part of Linux 5.0.1. So, it's in use. So, if we use it to Kimu, we need to make sure that we're on the newest kernel. What's inside IO-ring? If you remember in Linux IO, we have events and we submitted into a single queue, and now we have two separate queue for submission and completion, and their memory, they're shared between user space and kernel. So, you can use it directly. You don't need to enter kernel that, and you can use asynchronous flush, which is not available in Linux IO. And because of that, we needed to switch back in Kimu to synchronous flush, and this doesn't work good. So, for my submission, it's when it's from user space to hardware, and completion is backwards. So, basically, IO-ring is three system calls. It's IO-ring setup when you can manage, you can choose different regimes, and you can pull from submission site or completion site. You form your submission queue, and form your completion queue, and do enter syscall. What's cool is that you submit requests simultaneously with fetching, completion queues. So, you don't need to syscall for that. And a great feature is file descriptor register. So, you don't need to do a get and a put on each submission and completion. So, you just register a set of files and then refer to index and array. And you can register first. This is not a great improvement, but since we have a workload, such improvement helps. How fast is it? Well, it is quite good. It is better than Linux IO, but not entirely great. So, you can see information which I test. I use FIO and NVMe SSM. So, if IO-ring is so cool, then let's integrate it in QEMU. And that's how Stefan Heidner came up with our three-tier idea. And our mentor, our master implemented it. And basic function is actually merge upstream, and it will be in QEMU 5.0, with some problem existed. How we integrated it? We use the same as Linux IO actually implemented. We have QEMU event loop. It's based on IO context. We just add IO context in the pool and use file descriptor to pull completion check. And so, this is how we can submit requests with inter and check completion on IRQ. We also have a use LibUring. And I can recommend much to use it because it's really helpful, it's easy to use, but now we are tied to LibUring versions. Launching is very simple. You just remove your... You put instead of your native or thread, IO-ring, and this is how it works. It works with IO Direct and Cache 2.0, so we can do the same, yes. And you can see that even without extra features, it can do good. It can take a look at base. What we can do next? We can implement of the registration. So when we have our IO in QEMU, if we know that it is entered from different file descriptor, we just register it. And that's how we can save some time. Yes, it is improved a little. It doesn't really help much, but one thing of it, it is really helpful when it's come to submission polling. What is submission polling? You can run a kernel thread to wait for submissions. You need to wake up it with a special syscall, but if you have a heavy workload, you don't... Kernel thread just don't sleep. You don't need to wake up it. So it's really helpful. And of course, when we submit... When we pull submissions from kernel threads, we always check FDs and that's how FDs registration helps. Yes, and now we submit requests without syscall and get completions on IRQ. You see that we don't have any syscalls at all if you have a heavy workload. What can we do next? We can pull completions from to site. We can do user space completions. This is a feature in Kimu itself instead of using E-Poll. We can do... We can do manual polling sometimes and it could be good, but it doesn't. It just doesn't work. The feature in IRQ itself is completion polling. We just submit syscall, IonEnter and it's busy waiting, just polling completions and we're just waiting for it. And you can see that it uses extra CPU, but this is the fastest way. So we have a thread that pulls submissions. We have... We have polling completions and we don't have any extra context change. Yeah, it's not implemented. This is what we need to do. What we need to do is merge submission polling and file registration. It is implemented, but it needs to be merged. We need to implement file buffer registration and IO poll. It is difficult with IO poll. It takes some time. And we can probably switch to IO ring as default IO if it's supported by the kernel. As we know, it needs decently risen kernel. And the final idea that was suggested is switching main pool to IO ring. So you know that we use Linux IO context in key main pool we can switch it to IO ring context. But this is a lot of work. I'm not sure if we can gain some performance of it, but we can try and take a look. Yeah, I guess that's it. That's a quick presentation. Any questions? Yeah. The way I understand IO ring basically is a more than a specific way of implementing BIOS. Different protocol, different things. Let's go with the restrictions, but it basically is BIOS. I was wondering, could we literally just expose IO ring to the guest with a couple of restrictions so that it can directly issue calls? I'm not sure if it's possible. Yeah, so the question was, it's not really a question. We have BIOS and IO ring is some sort of BIOS, but from the kernel side, can we take this to the Kimu directly? To the guest. To the guest, sorry, to the guest directly. So, well, it's not supported in Linux. What we developed between code. Sorry. Well, probably we can. Yeah, well, I don't know if you have something to add. Yeah, so today it's not possible to do that, but there is some important. Yeah, so the question was about V host, and it would be possible to expose the rings that Julia described to the guest, and there is someone who's working on it, so we'll see those un-patches and we'll see what happens. Any more questions? Okay, thank you.


Everybody welcome to gelasa news. My name is Rob today What I want to talk about is sometimes when we are so sure that we are right maybe in actuality We are wrong so I want to take a look at is to go against my thesis Which is I believed or believe that a recession is upon us I don't know if it's gonna be a hard landing or a soft landing But I've done the assumption for quite some time. You know that if you've been on the channel Now the recession is here or is coming and what I'm talking about is It seems like every time that we take a look around us There is a consensus and there are people out there that say, you know what? This is a guarantee. This is gonna happen. This is definite and I mean just look back.  Okay, maybe that was just that maybe that was just my price predictions But we saw how things were a guarantee and it didn't work out like that So we'll see articles such as this is from zero hedging says hey brace yourself There's extreme economic turbulence and the article is well written as usual and I linked that description So you can check it out yourself and when you read these things like man, this is it's gonna be pretty awful You know, you got a board senior director of economics Adam on al-zidriam nailed it His warning that US consumers are planning to do far less spending in the months ahead Home sells are going down home prices have now declined for six months in a row higher rates are really hurting the auto industry and Also talks about the UK and of course in Europe how the inflation rate is just spiraling out of control And we're facing a global crisis for such a long time Such a banks and politicians all over the world try to sheet the system and now it's time to pay the piper So those are type of articles that we're gonna get hit with Over and over and over again like to understand because I look at these things and I'm like wow That looks pretty awful, but let's let's back up. Maybe Maybe we're wrong. So there's a great website called true flation TRU flation.com I Think I'll link in the description as well And if you take a look at the inflation rate, which is what we're all concerned about here in the states and everywhere else Well in the states, we'll say like that It's actually uses chain link as an oracle to pull outside data and pull that in through multiple data sources And take a look at what the actual inflation rate is And when the government came out and said, yeah, we're like eight nine percent true flation was like, no, you're not You're like way way way above that and now we're looking at it and it's just keeps going down Which looks pretty good now that is just in the u.s. I must say in the uk now looking so hot I must tell you I mean 60 percent is ridiculous, but I mean you guys were at 20 percent and higher So if we're looking at that we're like, okay, that's looking that's looking okay Not too bad. And then there's a couple of economic factors. I found On ben's website And we're gonna go over These different ones the chicago fed national financial conditions index or the nfci We're gonna take a look at the smooth recession probabilities Sam rule recession indicator and the rgdp recession indicator as well. And when I took a look at this, I'm like, okay, well these first of all recessions They always Call them retrospectively. So they're always like, okay, we're into this recession and the recession started four or five months ago So when you take a look at the indicators like for this one chicago fed, it's not all about right now So what is this? It's a good question The chicago fed National financial conditions index is a measure of overall financial conditions in the u.s economy It's a weighted average of 105 measures of financial activity It's widely used by economists policy makers and financial market participants to gain insight into the state of the u.s economy Recessions occurred many times whenever the nfci was above zero positive values indicate financially tough times and you can see in this gray area Looks awful quite awful quite awful and you can see that it's just it's just uh, you know peaking here nfci 3.92 this is in the 70s It's uh peaked out of 4.7 to Again positive numbers are bad negative numbers are good I like colors and simple things because i'm a simple 10 3.43 You can see here. It's above here in the positives the positives 2008 financial crisis positive 2.61. Where are we? Well, if we take a real look here This was when The coronavirus happened. I'm sure you've heard of it And uh, there was a small Recession per se well gdp two quarters of economic growth was were decreased And it peaked Now we're looking at negative numbers And again positive numbers bad Negative numbers good and we can see that it's it's gone up But it hasn't really done much and then now we're trailing back down And that's just one So now if we take a look at the smooth recession probabilities What's this? This is interesting Model applying to four monthly Coincident variables non-farm payroll employment index of industrial production real personal income excluding transfer payments Real manufacturing and trade sales recessions are usually determined retrospectively obviously And it states the SAM rule and rgtb Rgdp recession indicators can give a head start in the speculation That our recession has already started while not officially declared So we're getting those in a second, but the smooth recession probability. Where are we? Well again We're down here to not too much And we're actually declining has that happened before it has happened before but usually we see something like this There's a little bit of a blip and then it just starts to take off like a rocket And then we're in recession same thing over here in uh 2000 Nothing really happened. It doesn't decrease actually you skip them up Same thing over here 1989 Little flat line action and then stray off to the moon And so on and so forth actually this one is interesting in 1980 It did actually go up a little bit and then a little reduction and bam it came off So you could make the case for that over here, but as it talked about The SAM rule and rgdp recession indicator Those would be a little bit forward looking So those two The SAM or recession It's based on the idea based on the idea that changes and the unemployment rate Can be used to identify the onset of a recession If the three month moving average of the unemployment rate increases by 0.5 percentage points or more Above its low for the previous year. It's considered a recession signal And again, you can see this happens over and over again, and that's a big indicator for unemployment Fortunately, you're unfortunately, I don't know what you want to call it Our unemployment numbers Are not going up and again what happens here We see come here hits the recession takes off We see over here a little bit of a blip up a little little decrease then it takes off here in 2008. It wasn't even There was no reduction whatsoever Just kind of came here and kept climbing and whom recession And of course over here. We had a massive number because people were unemployed because of the coronavirus And now what do we have here? It's the same thing again It's like it drops off it increases everybody's panicking and then it goes down again So that's forward looking in the last one rgdp gross domestic product taken out for inflation What is this it's based on the idea that the annualized rate of change in the rgdp can be used to identify the onset of recession model assigns a probability between zero percent and a hundred percent Depending on if the current quarter's growth is indicative of a recession or not values rise above 67 percent then it has historically been a reliable indicator That the economy's in a recession threshold has been passed and it falls below 33 percent It means that the recession is over. So all together knows this when the when the value goes above 67 percent It's been a pretty good bet That we've entered into recession. Where are we? Well, you can see over here again We seem to just take off like a rocket ship There we are 45 percent and then you know off it goes Then nothing nothing then a big increase 10 percent and then 77 percent then over here nothing too much It goes down a little bit, but we're still like 39 80 cheese at least 40 percent and it just takes off This one was close 29 percent 25 percent over here in 1980s. It's the same thing over and over again I don't want to keep going over this But uh 26 percent here drops off a little bit 27 38 and off it goes now here. We are over here We seem to keep going down again now just like in 2008 Where it went up And then just reduce and we're like, okay, it's okay. And then it started to peak again 27 38 And then it takes off it could happen here, but I got to tell you right now in this point in time And I can't predict anything I know what it can and whoever says they can is full of it I can't predict a recession or not, but I will say this we are heavily undervalued here in the crypto market so I have to be honest with everybody, which is this I feel like we should go through a recession because I feel like we're due for a recession And if we get this recession and it helps to wipe out inflation, I think that's actually a good thing Unfortunately, people are going to lose their jobs.  I just I'm being honest I've been down across the averaging for quite some time if we start to see Reduction in prices. That's great because I still think we got two years And what I'm talking about is we're just taking a look at the value itself This is the crypto market cap and trend line And you can just see that this red This red line here is the fair market value The one thing you'll notice is that we're rarely on it We're rarely on a fair market value, but it gives us To see where things are going And we can see that a lot of times Actually for quite some time Now we're actually below it And when does it happen? Well, it happens in the time when you're when I would say it's a good time to accumulate for me I don't know what you want to do not financial advice, but you can just see right here. It takes like two years. So like in 2011 Topped off and it came back down now. We're below the fair market value line in november 2011 2013 it goes above it. That's about two years Sending over here 2015 it goes below the fair market value line. How long did it take to get above it? Yeah, about two years 2017 Now we come over here Oh sweet sweet times 2018 november It falls below the fair market value line Now it did go above it for A small amount of time a little blip here. Actually a good amount of time a couple months three months four months But what it do it goes right back down fooled you So from 2018 to what 2020 okay, it's about two more years. That's two years It's always seems like it's two years and here we are again. When did it go below 2022? So let me do some quick math It's 2024 So if a recession comes great Because I think that's a great time for for accumulation not great times for people in their jobs. I'm sorry But again great times for those of us You probably watched this video to potentially dollar cost average and that's The real story I don't know if it's going to be but there's some indicators that say like maybe we don't have a recession Which would kind of suck But that's where we're at So anyhow, let me know what you think about that in the comment section I just try to give you a different look of things because just to pile on and keep talking and have an echo chamber of like It's going to be a recession. It's going to be a recession. It gets old and it gets monotonous Maybe I'm wrong and that's it. So look Uh, that takes care of that piece and then just to quickly go over a couple of pieces of information I thought was great. I felt like this is the most bullish news. I've I've seen in quite some time Uh Cracking and coinbase want to want to get in into a tussle with the sec Essentially, that's what it is And I got to applaud these guys. That's great A couple of weeks ago, we put this nice little video out and I said someone's lying It's either it's either brian armstrong or it's gary genzler And in that video I said we need this what I got to do Uh, we're going to get regulation whether we like it or not And we're going to get clarity because we need it. I know no one likes that when I talk about it But it's just the truth and then I said here's what we got to do We got to go at the sec and we need to sue them And that was it And now it looks like that's what happened potentially so Crypto industry is more appetite to fight kraken exec says so the sec is after crypto is after crypto I think we all know that coinbase and kraken say their operations are sound. I like that They're saying look if you think it's a security come at me bro And uh, we'll settle this in court We're comfortable that the products we are offering in the us are not securities scott Vagus nailed it vice president of global regulatory policy at coinbase the tokens on coinbase do not behave like securities Pointing the lack of dividends and residual interest But and this is I think the most important thing I said this before but he said even if all the tokens on coinbase were ruled securities Coinbase could make it work. How would we do that? The simple answer is it could be done meaning we'll make this happen because there's so much money in the space We're not going to get out of it and miss our piece of the pie And he says we're going to make this happen with sensible rules I think it goes like this what if it comes down to securities all is coinbase going to say okay fine We're selling registered on registered securities whatever Let's just give us the fine Like you did with eos. We'll pay the fine. We'll pay the finally kraken did and uh, we'll register with the sec and now We're in the game of registered securities great Robinhood did that they They're slinging securities all day long. They're called stocks. So I don't see the problem here Moving forward Uh Jonathan jackham. He's the global head nailed it global head of policy a crack and agreed. He says look Disclosures market integrity conflict of interest rules. It's not reinventing the wheel These policies have existed for a long time, but there are nuances and we can get this done I just find it interesting that now they're like Everybody was so standoffish with the sec now they're coming at them. They're like, well, we can make it happen This is what they should have done before but again, I'm not I mean I this is what I believe Of course, I don't have you know billions of dollars in the line It's not like you want to go against the sec just for funsies It would suck, but I think they're getting to the point like okay. We need to do this anyhow So let's just make this happen so we can thrive But this is what gets me and I think this is the this is where it comes from The decision to settle was a business decision jackham said he goes and remember that if you don't remember cracking Their their staking pools got shut down because the sec said it was a security cracking Bent the knee and said we will shut this down and never offer again Which is what they signed for that document and they paid a 30 million dollar penalty What I think what they should have done is like oh, you think it is we'll see you in court jack But they said look a 30 million penalty is about three percent of our business right now Due to the settlement terms, we are not able to directly discuss or debate the contents of the settlement I will say this It may have been only three percent But i'm telling you that revenue that they're going to miss out on staking is substantial Coinbase put out An investor's letter not too long ago and they said look we're getting 47 to 48 percent of our revenue from subscription services from coinbase one Which is like $19.99 a month. I pay for that a lot of people pay for that That's almost half of their revenue right now because the trades aren't really happening right now But people are paying for coinbase one the second highest one or one of the highest ones Staking 20 percent. So if you're telling me that it's not a big blow to you to lose 20 percent of your revenue And that's false But again, I'm not the legal counsel and it's a good thing. I'm not because I would probably not do a good job so There is that piece and then to finish up Ethereum developers push back shanghai upgrade to early april just so Everybody knows this is the upgrade that it's a lot of people do on stake and on stake their ethereum And you know Some people might be like oh rob's going gang up on ethereum. No I applaud them. Good job If you think there was a problem and you say like we need a couple more weeks or however long it's going to be To make sure that we're safe. Bravo. That's exactly how you should do things. So I have no problems with this and Look early april that's close enough to end of march or middle march when they said it in the original one So i'm happy with this And that's it for today. So look That concludes the news and the rambling on about regulation and blah blah blah nobody cares about But that's it. So if you like today's video thumbs up consider subscribing everything we talk about is time sensitive Now what we'll do because it's sunday Everybody likes this part. Let's go into the q&a.  That's it. All right, everybody What do we got?