Welcome to Free Thoughts from Libertarianism.org and the Cato Institute. I'm Aaron Ross Powell, editor of Libertarianism.org and a research fellow here at the Cato Institute. And I'm Trevor Burrus, a research fellow at the Cato Institute Center for Constitutional Studies. Our guest today is Kevin Glass, Director of Outreach and Policy at the Franklin Center for Government and Public Integrity. So I guess let me start by just asking, what is the Franklin Center? What do you guys do over there? Sure, a lot of people actually, I think, are under some wrong impressions about it. It sounds like a think tank. It looks like a think tank. What it really is, is it's an organization that funds a lot of citizen journalists across the country and professional journalists for that matter. So it's almost like a, more in the vein of a pro-publica or any other public interest non-profit journalism organizations that you may know may be more prominent. But it focuses mostly and primarily on state issues. So we have a large group of journalists across the country in 24 different living and working in 24 different states, as a matter of fact, and not only in the ones that are going to garner the biggest headlines. So we don't have any, all many base journalists reporting on New York State. We largely don't have reporting on California, although we dabble in it sometimes. So we have a lot of journalists in Idaho, in Tennessee, in Alabama, in Mississippi. Some of the lesser-known lower-profile states where a lot of, you know, there aren't a lot of, there's not a lot of reporting on it. There's not a lot of news coming out of there. But we do think that a lot of the things that affect people's lives the most come out of your state houses, come out of county courthouses, come out of school boards. So we're trying to get journalism that is closer to the people that doesn't necessarily make Brian Williams on the nightly news headlines, but is still incredibly important and affects people's lives. So are these journalists talking to a national audience in the way that, say, pro-publica is or are they writing for local publications? Because I can imagine the school board may be important to a small group of people, but the interest is. Right. Well, they're writing for watchdog.org, which is a product of the Franklin Center. But we do have people writing in other outlets trying to reach a wider audience. So it's kind of both in-house writing and pitching out to other organizations, particularly on issues that are going to affect people and draw eyeballs in from a national audience. So for example, and this is something that hits more people and more of the national audience. We had a very long series on Terry McAuliffe recently exposing some of his cronyism, exposing some of his corruption, exposing some of his ties to actually Hillary Clinton and names like that garner eyeballs, they get excitement on the national level. But they're also reporting on the Richmond State House when all eyes aren't on the Richmond State House. So it's kind of an all-the-time thing. And when it bubbles up to the national level, we'll try and get more eyeballs there. But that's not always happening, and yet still some of those issues are affecting people on a daily basis. Now, I assume that one of the theories behind the Franklin Center and the project here is that exposing government, because government can do a lot of bad things in the shadows. And state governments seem particularly prone to being kind of insane, or at least the kind of laws we hear introduced occasionally that what they're exposing this, they're looking into this, they're providing a service from a conservative libertarian standpoint. Right. Well, it kind of falls in the conservative libertarian umbrella just because, yes, we're about exposing corruption, we're about exposing cronyism, we're about exposing local governments doing things that sound like they're insane, like they're things that governments shouldn't be doing. But our reporters, they're not ideological. We hire them because they're good reporters, they're good at investigative journalism. And I think actually it's something that this is a trans-ideological issue, is that progressives, liberals, don't want government to be corrupt because they want government to be good and government to be efficient. Conservatives don't want government officials to be corrupt because they want to use this as an example of why government shouldn't be doing thing X at all because all bureaucrats are corrupt or whatever. So it's more of a, we are exposing some of these issues and our reporters aren't particularly ideological themselves, but we do kind of get shoehorned onto the right because it is often on issues that kind of cross against some progressive ideals. We have an energy reporter who reports on cronyism in the green energy sector, which you would think, you don't want cronyism going on, although that I guess maybe has a— Some people might actually want cronyism going. The government might be funding these things to create solar panels and things like that, so there might be some people who want that. If I were to be a progressive apologist, I suppose you would say you have to get in bed with big corporations sometimes to get your progressive goals. Investing in America's energy future. Yeah, exactly. That's the word. Yeah, that's the word. Investing, exactly. And so maybe there is an apology case to be made there, but still generally you talk to an average progressive, a grassroots progressive. They don't want government getting in bed with big businesses. Especially sitting inside the Beltway as we are right now, it may be difficult to imagine how state and local governments can be as threatening, if not more threatening to their citizens as the federal government is. I mean, the federal government is this enormous entity that does, I mean, unfathomable number of things, most of them awful. And the state governments are so much smaller. And some of them even meet intermittently, like the half-time legislators and things like that. So how much of a danger, exactly. And I covered national politics previously. And one of the things that is important and draws eyeballs like I've been talking about is the amount of money thrown around at the federal government is just astounding. It's billions and billions of dollars. And if I think of $1 billion in the context of my own life, I'm like, oh my God, that is so much money, I can't believe it. But it's like on certain government programs, they're wasting billions of dollars a year. So that obviously has an effect on people's lives. But at the local level, some of the things that affect you on a day-to-day basis that you might not even think about. So we've been doing a series on, in different states, trying to reform some of their alcohol licensing laws. And that affects if on your drive home, you can pick up a handle of Jack Daniels at the supermarket, or you got to drive out of your way to a state-owned liquor store. And that's not, maybe that doesn't seem like a huge deal, but on a day-to-day basis, the amount of things that are happening at the local level that actually affect your life, I believe. And I think that a lot of our reporters would back me up is it does affect you more than the federal government wasting $10 billion on solar panels. These things add up, too. You don't often see those little oppressions where you realize that you can't buy beer, or you can't buy beer on Sundays, or you can't get in a certain location, or all these other different things. It seems like, though, if you think about the founders and the Constitution, they kind of had an idea, at least not partially, that one of the reasons they didn't want to give that much power to the federal government is because people weren't going to be very good at knowing what the federal government was doing versus knowing what their state governments are doing. Now it seems like people just look at the federal government and ignore the state governments because I'll get calls here to Cato that asked me about, you know, why aren't you guys doing anything to stop this, you know, the federal government's doing this to me. And I'm like, no, I'm pretty sure that's your state government. So the whole thing might have been flipped on its head from what the founders originally thought. Right. And I don't know founders' intent here, and that could have been one of the motivating factors, but obviously in the mass communications age, it's not hard to know what the federal government is doing, even if you're out in Idaho or Wyoming or something like that, where it would take days to send a letter. You get CNN on your TV, you get Cato on your Internet, you know, you have smartphones, you have email, you have all sorts of means of mass communication with the state, well, with your state legislator in Washington. So, and I do think that that's kind of nationalized politics, well, I think it has definitely nationalized politics to a large extent in that saying, you know, why should Vermont push for single-payer health care when we can all get together and push for single-payer health care in Washington, D.C. at the federal level. So maybe to a certain extent that's why, well, I think that is why people are focusing a lot more on the federal government because it's easier to, but it doesn't mean that a lot of those state functions have gone away. I mean, it might just mean that they're being overlooked and to a certain extent that's unfortunate and I think that a lot of people need to be more cognizant of what's going on both at their state and their local level. I'm also inclined to think that, I mean, it seems a lot of the attention that people pay to politics is kind of a spectator sport, right?  I don't quite fathom why, but some people find it fun. You're in the wrong city, all right. Some people find it fun to follow politics and see what politicians are up to in kind of a gossip-mag sort of way and I wonder if, you know, the competition that the multiple media sources and the Internet have brought, you know, you need to draw, you're competing with more outlets, you need to draw a wider range of interests and the federal government impacts all of us and if it ends up looking like, you know, the way that people tend to watch major league baseball far more than they watch, you know, minor league or little league even though it's happening closer to home and so I wonder if part of it is like trying to figure out how to make local politics more interesting so people will engage with it, you know, to cut against the pros. Right. I think that it just seems more like you have a bigger team, right? If you're rooting for team R at the state level, at your local level, at your county level, you've only got a couple thousand, couple hundred, couple dozen people on your team and those dozen people aren't all that active on Twitter, they don't engage with you on Facebook, they're not really getting together for little meetings, well they might be, but at the national level obviously your team has millions and millions and millions of people and so I think to a certain extent it's kind of a desire to belong to a team and I think mass communication in this area is helping to polarize us in that you can stay in your house all day and I don't want to fall into the cliche of being like those bloggers on their mother's couches, they never leave the home, but it's a way of connecting you with like-minded people and being able to galvanize your like-minded people not only in your community but across the country so in your community people might not think that Common Core for example is a great idea and they're not going to institute it at your local school board that doesn't mean that you can't call your buddy over in Nebraska and say hey here's this idea that I think we need to push and maybe not at the state level but we can get enough people, get enough of a movement to make a difference at the federal level which I think is a really weird and backwards way of considering our politics that you can create a large enough coalition to move the federal government but not your own state government. Well this interesting attention might be a rare commodity in the sense that we put all this stuff in Washington DC and people come here and they join whatever element they're going, lobbying the hill, the punditocracy, the shouting shows, any of those- A think tank. A think tank, yes, any of those things but then with all this focus of activity we still don't have enough attention that's even paid on Washington DC it would seem. There are so many things that happen in the shadows and I don't mean like smoky rooms where they make deals which I'm sure exist but just things like U.S. agricultural policy which no one really wants to pay that much attention to and so they kind of ignore it because it's like reading printed chloroform if you try and read U.S. agricultural policy and again like maybe we're just putting too much into Washington and for even the attention of this town to actually pay enough attention to check government adequately. Right. Well the federal government's power to tax is immense so like I said the amount of money being thrown around at the federal level is mind boggling and like you said U.S. agricultural policy makes no sense whatsoever and there's so much money invested in it but the stakeholders themselves the factory farmers even the quote-unquote small farmers have so much invested that it's hard to get a broad-based coalition to overcome the people who actually have an interest and a stake in agricultural policy and there's some interesting work that's been done on that because the sums of money are so large and I don't remember which economists are working on this but that large corporations are actually under-investing and lobbying if you judge by the amount of quote-unquote return on investment that because there's so much money at stake they could be actually doing more to get a piece of pieces of those pies and it might eventually reach a point where we're at a kind of balance of lobbying and that lobbying becomes less effective because more people are investing in it but you're right to a certain extent that there isn't enough attention paid to certain amounts of federal policy but to a certain extent I think you know it's hard to get a broad-based coalition to say we need to end corn subsidies because it's hard to see how that affects you as a as an individual who lives in let's say Chicago rather than a farmer who lives in Nebraska you need so much energy on the part of people who don't really have a stake in it other than a couple bucks in their tax return every year so it it it's hard to say that there's not enough attention being paid to the federal government when that is all were bombarded by on you know national level news but to a certain extent you are right that some of the weeds of federal policy still have a lot of sunlight that need well it seems that way on like I mean just as sort of going off that point on the shouting shows where Rachel Maddow is probably not gonna have a 10 minute segment on corn subsidies she is gonna have a 10 minute segment on you know crazy law introduced by a legislator in Indiana literally just freedom restoration act which is not crazy but like for example she's gonna have 10 minute segment on that which affects far fewer people than corn subsidies but it's just not that interesting so maybe on when we look at the state side we can start saying well people can start focusing on these things and actually working with government better than sitting in this town and just yelling at each other for a very long time and like I said it's easier to point to someone and say hey if Virginia sells off all their liquor stores you can buy your your liquor in Harris teeter giant or whatever then to say hey if you and a bunch of other you of your fellow citizens get together and come to Washington you can save five bucks on your tax return because we won't be sending money to Iowa for corn subsidies you know I think it's easier at the state level to point out how things are actually going to affect people's lives even when and this is the hard part they're not as invested and obviously it doesn't take up time on the shouting shows it doesn't take up time on Twitter or on social media or wherever else they might get their news Trevor mentioned the hypothetical local lawmaker making the crazy law and that makes me hypothetical yes because one of the things you notice in kind of these national stories of outrage about something that some lawmaker did is that the really crazy stuff seems to happen at in state legislatures and I worked for by intern for a little while during between college and law school in the Legislature in Colorado and there were quite a few just outright lunatics who had been elected and so I'm is that is that are people crazier at the state level is it easier to get nuts elected than you know at the national level people are less professional at the at the state level so it is and to a certain extent this is charming to a lot of people and this is why some legislators get elected is that it's like the guy next door to you he he's a he turns out to be a state legislator and he's got some really crazy ideas on you know trash pickup in the neighborhood or something like that and how he wants to nationalize trash pickup let's say I don't know something like that but it also they have this affectation and I don't mean to be someone who's coming off like an east coast cosmopolitan here but people have an affectation that gets them elected there and to a certain extent it's just supply and demand there needs to there's a demand for far far far more legislators at state and local levels than 500 people on Capitol Hill in DC so you need a larger supply of people who aren't who are sometimes not as ambitious they don't want to be a polished politician and not trained on not saying crazy things or whatever so to a certain extent yes people are less well thought out on at the state level but that's not to say that there's still not good things that are happening at the state level as you guys at the Franklin Center are hiring journalists to cover these stories that you say aren't getting enough coverage covering these topics that aren't enough coverage wasn't that especially that kind of covering the local issues that the dream of internet-enabled citizen journalism it does that play a role in this has as citizen journalism kind of sputtered out if it was ever a thing I'm I don't know the answer to that question I know you know back in the days of blogspot and early WordPress and things like that lot there were lots of quote-unquote citizen journalists working on hyper local issues I think that in the age of mass communication we've gone away from that so the local blogger wants to who's let's say the local blogger in Florida wants to blog about the Indiana RFRA instead of you know some small bore issue at his local level because everyone wants to have that kind of national level voice and I think it to a certain extent yes we have gotten away from quote-unquote citizen journalists but partly because as you said there's a large number of competing news outlets now back 15 years ago there were far fewer news websites there were far fewer news channels TV cable news channels or what have you so we have a lot more on the national level covering these things we have a lot more news sources a lot more news outlets I mean when's the last time you went to like a blogspot blog that was actually good and covering some of the local issues that to me and this is anecdotal I don't have any hard data here it seems like that was a relatively common thing that happened in the 2000 to 2005 era and I do think that some to a certain extent it's gotten away from that not to say that there aren't still very good hyper local citizen bloggers citizen journalists but it does seem like blogging quote-unquote I'm using air quotes that no one can see as a medium has gotten away from that and in addition to that why Franklin is the way it is is like I said we have our journalists are not ideologues they're not pushing an opinion they're not pushing a viewpoint and they're writing straight news stories for the most part they have professional journalism training so it's kind of a way of giving an at least air of professionalism an air of non-bias news source to some of these stories are you concerned with the death relative death of local newspapers that we're missing some of the sunlight shining a sunlight onto practices of local government because these bloggers and journalists right on national look more to the national level to a certain extent yes the dying of local newsrooms and local newspapers definitely means that there are issues that are affecting like I said affecting people's lives on a day to day basis that aren't getting covered all that much but I do think to a certain extent that is and I'm a very large believer in supply and demand of journalism itself it's also the fault of the news consumers at those levels they they're not interested for the most part in some of that journalism we want to make them interested it's not easy to do that so it means that yes there might be stories that are being under covered but it's also the faults of some of those newspapers for not covering them in a way that does interest those people for covering you might say the wrong stories are having the wrong beats things that don't affect people's lives so to a certain extent yes we're going to miss some of that but it really needs to be the job of news producers to be able to engage the citizens on that level when we had been emailing prayer to the show going over what we would talk about you had mentioned to me that this this divide between what goes on at state and local levels and what should go on and at the federal level was one of the reasons that you tend to think of yourself more as conservative than libertarian could you expand on that a bit sure this is not something that I have an academic philosophical justification for but I do think that the closer that a government is to its people the more just it is so this is maybe a explicitly anti-consequentialism argument but I don't really care if state and local governments are unlibertarian or hostile to freedom even I do care that people have a stake in their government and the closer that it is the larger the more outsize that one individual's political influence can be is more important to me than achieving libertarian ish or conservative or freedom loving ends so for example if I lived in Vermont I would be super against their Obamacare waiver single-payer system that they're pushing but I don't have a problem with it on a philosophical level because within the United States there's an incredibly powerful right of exit from any state like that any state regime like that and I think that that's more important I think then put then just saying that we need to maximize freedom at all levels and I know that that doesn't necessarily mean I'm not a libertarian I just believe I guess in democracy first and outcome second and then why I might be a conservative is is I'm really skeptical of all regimes to get it right including my own so I could be very wrong about everything that I'm saying so I would prefer everything be done slower which is the kind of classical conservative temperament rather than actual philosophy it sounds to some degree like you're describing the too often ignored third part of nozick's anarchy state in utopia is his utopia chapter where he articulates the view of the utopia of utopia is where people can get together for all sorts of reasons and live all sorts of various lifestyles but the right of exit makes it you know we care less about the particulars of one because if you don't like it you can up and move to another right I I'm interested in this is something that just is playing around in my head is a some kind of regime where you could get a right of exit subsidy or something from the federal government for very poor people who can't afford to just up and move around whenever they want to find the best regime that they want to live under but I think that that's an incredibly strong part of American democracy is the ability to choose where you live and obviously the freedom of labor the fear freedom of travel everyone in the United States I would rather see and this is again another conservative conservative idea that I know is supported by a lot of libertarians the whole laboratories of democracy thing that in every state and preferably even at the more local levels you get you can choose where you want to live and you can experiment and if some of those ideas are good they might scale up but it's important for people to be able to vote with their feet that exit subsidy is an interesting idea when I give I give a talk to the interns here about the origins of political obligation and political authority if such a thing exists and in part of that I undercut the notion of the the social contract being a thing and drawn you know David Hume kind of savaged the the social contract idea with precisely this like look you know the most of the people especially in his time were very poor didn't have a lot of options and so when you say things like well you know by staying here you've agreed to it or if you don't like it up and leave that it's that's not a meaningful choice for them they simply don't have that option but I'm struck that I mean we were very far from an exit subsidy and in fact the United States government routinely imposes substantial exit taxes on anyone who would want to leave now he's actually leaving the country itself yeah which requires paying some exorbitant amount of citizen we've renounced your citizenship you have to pay the government money which is really bizarre even renewing my I'm renewing my passport right now it's like oh it's what seventy five dollars that's a lot of money to travel to another country exactly in within the movement now that we kind of got in the conservative libertarian thing which is which is a big issue right now and you've been working in the conservative slash libertarian movement for a while but it's becoming more and more of a thing about whether or not you're a conservative you're a libertarian and the infighting within that within the two groups do you see that as is getting better getting worse do you see it as a resolvable do you see it as an intractable difference I guess that's like three questions all right one right there um I'm not sure the thing right now is that there's a Democrat who's president and what that means is that Republicans become more libertarian and libertarians feel more at home in the kind of broad based conservative movement I'm not that old but I have a fairly good view of history and I don't think that the arrival of a Republican president into the White House would portend more harmony between libertarians and conservatives than it has in the past so it's got quote unquote gotten better in the Obama era because again President Obama is a Democrat and Republicans act very libertarian when there's a Democrat in the White House except on foreign policy but well even so actually there are more kind of Republican realist-ish critics of some of President Obama's foreign policy oh yeah criticizing Libya and things like that absolutely just because he's on the other side yeah but I have no confidence that a Republican getting into the White House would not mean that there is just as many bobbings or civil liberties infringements or anti-libertarian policies emanating out of Washington and do you see because I could definitely see conservatives practical I'm putting that in scare quotes to practical conservatives more Republican minded people you know saying well we got the presidency now let's just do some things and the libertarians saying well we don't want to do bad things or things that are half measures are gonna have bigger problems in the future so we could a Republican president exacerbate that divide I mean look at the George W. Bush era you know he I can't name a libertarian-ish policy that he passed except maybe the tax cuts which maybe exactly I'm not sure any of the prospective Republican candidates maybe Rand Paul but he has some very unlibertarian leanings as well would and I again I think that most of the traditional Republican national issues are hostile ish to libertarian aims so you know expansion of the security state anti-immigration policies so I'm I I have no faith in continued if you can call anything that's happened in the last eight years harmony between libertarians and conservatives really lasting through an actual Republican governing majority you prior to your position at the Franklin Center you were managing editor of town hall dot com which is very large conservative publication and town hall publishes quite a lot of opinion pieces and I'm wondering if you noticed this trend and we so we can see this kind of trend of emerging libertarianism within the Republican party or drift in that direction was that something that was showing up either you know so established conservatives established kind of GOP people were paying lip service to these ideas because there was a Democrat in the in the White House and it made them look less like different more different from Obama or was it more a kind of new blood coming in who had this alternate viewpoint influencing the party I think a little bit of both there definitely are different conservatives in Washington right now than there were in the Bush era but I'm not sure that that is something that would hold in again in a Republican in the White House era I think that there's a large there are a large number of professional political operatives who want to you know there's obviously the winning versus being right argument in politics and the winning argument usually compromises the being right argument so even if you if you're being quote-unquote being right is being more libertarian they don't care they're happy compromising that and especially on national security issues where it's important for conservatives and Republicans to look strong and and say we're keeping America safe in this way and that way that isn't is something that I see going out the window day one of a Republican presidency from a political sort of voter base voter analysis standpoint going forward I often say that the Republican Party just if you look at numbers and trends on some level has to become more libertarian if it doesn't want to just go to complete obsolescence would you agree with that I have no idea I'm I would probably be the worst political prognosticator in the world because I have no clue I'm not a professional demographics analyst but I also tend to be very skeptical of my libertarian friends who make this argument that being more libertarian will get you more votes because I don't think that the American populace is very libertarian at all on major on most of the especially on most of the major issues that divide the conservative coalition and the libertarian coalition and I think and this is just me maybe just me projecting I think that the issues on which you can find polling in favor of libertarianism over conservatism that's largely people lying to pollsters so they say you know I want to repeal the Patriot Act but the moment a minor terrorist attack is to happen they will be very happy with Republican policies on on libertarian Republican policies on basically anything but what about trends like gay marriage or or civil civil justice criminal justice reform things that conservatives kind of led the the charge on and now maybe have to roll back as people are realizing that these are not good things sure on game gay marriage is a really interesting question that I think will not be a question in ten years maybe even faster than that and I used to tell all my friends who were well and all my friends are basically progressives I just have progressive friends who would say you know how can the Republicans be so terrible on on gay rights and I would say you know that's not going to be an issue in 2030 and I was wrong it's not gonna be an issue in 2020 it's and that's just going straight up going away and no one really wants to say it none of the professional conservative activists on these issues really want to say it or admit it but it's just it's not gonna be a thing what will be interesting is a breakdown on social issues and I know not all libertarians are pro-choice but it kind of gets defined in that social issues bucket as you know libertarians are socially liberal so they're pro-choice they're pro gay marriage they're pro drugs they're pro other things to pro criminal justice reform but younger conservatives are are just as if not more pro-life than they're the preceding generation of conservatives and that goes for kind of the country at large so on on social issues you might say it doesn't break down as cleanly as on gay marriage and definitely the Republican Party will evolve on this just as President Obama evolved on this it'll just take them 10 more years do you see a conservative movement or possible case for rolling back or ending parts of the drug war rescheduling marijuana is that something you see that could possibly change within the next 10 years I don't know about rescheduling marijuana I think that certainly there's more conservative movement in the last year two years on a lot of criminal justice reform issues and they were very that a lot of conservatives are very angry at President Obama's Justice Department saying we're not going to enforce federal laws in Washington and Colorado but to a certain extent I think that was anti just plain up anti-Obama sentiment and to a certain extent I think it was conservatives complaining about liberal hypocrisy and liberals not being punished for it right is saying that and Obama's executive overreach and all of that saying that oh they just think that they can't they can and not enforce the laws where they want to but I have seen a lot of conservative movement and maybe not necessarily rescheduling marijuana but actually on Capitol Hill there's been a fairly large anti-mandatory minimums lobby that's propped up that's been it's cropped up and that is encouraging to me and I think that on a lot of criminal justice issues the 90s are gone and in the 90s crime itself had spiked and it was this big nationwide issue and that's kind of gone out the window now and crime has been falling and I think that conservatives are realizing that a the war on drugs hasn't worked and b it's just not that big of an issue anymore so now the bigger issues and I went to the criminal justice reform summit last week is really interesting newt gingrich was there Pat Nolan who works for the American conservative union was there and they really brought in kind of the conservative Christian perspective pushing redemption narratives saying that you know Christians believe in redemption conservatives should believe in redemption and second chances so I think there's a large movement against a lot of the hard on crime policies of the 90s whether that leads to actual rescheduling of marijuana and other drugs or or other I guess rehabilitation measures remains to be seen but certainly you could say that they're pulling back from these heart this hard on crime stance that they've had for a long time one of the more baffling and new trends that we read about a fair amount right now it seems to be particularly hot in the last few weeks is this kind of overabundance of anti-tolerance on campuses that the notion that you should never say anything that might upset anyone and that everyone should be protected and it's kind of it's like a rehashing in a way of the early 90s politically correct movement that that's sputtered out and now seems to have come back with a vengeance and is that the kind of thing I can imagine that that being the kind of thing where the backlash against that could push given that it's mostly a movement of the political left right could push young people towards conservatism that they could you know they could be like look if this is what the left is and this is just in many cases I mean just off the charts irrational that maybe the left isn't for me or I don't want to associate with those kinds of people and so I'm going to embrace this other narrative again I'm not well I'm not a college student anymore so I don't know how your your run-of-the-mill college student thinks about these things but I think to a certain extent this is a factor of the internet and of mass communication so you can say the PC movement of the 90s died out but now all those people who had those tendencies in the 90s can all get together on tumblr and talk about you know the issues that matter to them and then bubble that up into their college campuses into their you know safety counselor guidelines things like that I don't know how much it is bothering your run-of-the-mill college student who might ordinarily line up as a progressive if not for progressive speech codes on campus or things like that it might certainly that's an issue on which I would say the conservative coalition and the libertarian coalition are pretty firmly aligned in favor of not not punishing people for certain speech violations let's say although I will say that to a certain extent conservatism pushes kind of social pressure over government pressure right they say that social norms will take the place of not of being able to do anything in the absence of a government mandate so to a certain extent the left is trying thing there they're saying well we're changing the social norms you can't say that anymore you can't do that anymore and all we're doing is we're publicizing it and then your employee we're not telling your employer anything but we're publicizing that you told this horrible joke and now you're getting fired for it and like this is a social norm you can't do that anymore so now I've seen at least conservatives kind of pull back and say social norms can't be everything and like we can't just because social norms are more important than government mandates doesn't mean that all social norms are good so I think we're gonna see that fight play out a little bit in the future as for actually pushing people away from progressivism I think it remains to be seen I haven't seen all that much movement on that in particular so going forward with youth and with local government and different changes that are happening in terms of conservatism and libertarianism one of these terms that we hear and I know Aaron hates it the libertarian moment which we like to use around here sometimes do you think that there's a possible libertarian moment happening or is that all just a bunch of fluff I think it's a bunch of fluff like I said I think that most of the polling that shows the American public receptive to libertarian-ish ideas and ideals is hogwash and when it comes to actually supporting certain policies they're going to be against it so can you give us the libertarian something to hope for that would be a horrible way to in the pot it's just like oh man like it's nothing it's a people they say the libertarian they're actually not they really want command and control they really want safety over civil liberty which is probably true but but is there is there a positive upside to this is there some some things that we can see some positive change ask that in a slightly different way because I think one of the things that makes it hard for one to advance any political view that doesn't fall neatly into one of the two parties and I think you're right the Republican Party is not nearly as libertarian or drifting in that direction as one might hope but one of those things is you're not a member of one of these two parties and people I mean even even independence we know from polling data that even people who identifies political independence almost always vote like strict party line there's not there's not many truly independent people and independent voters and and especially at the national level this I mean the parties are so powerful and so well organized and so good at telling you like this is awesome that's them and this is what the difference is and often widely exaggerating the difference between the policy sets of candidates from the two parties but at the local level is there more room for alternate views because the issues are smaller because there's less money focused on it there's less influence from the national parties there's less of this need to maintain that narrative less shouting less shouting but I believe we already covered more crazy yes I mean there are some states that explicitly ban political parties and political identification when you're running for office so obviously that means that it's not going to break down as cleanly as it does at the national level and I think you're right there that issues don't break down all that well conservative versus libertarian in a lot of different local levels you look at and our friends over at the R Street Institute they do urban policy and you see a lot of conservatives and progressives kind of uniting on certain kinds of urban policy like rezoning desoning so that we can have higher density neighborhoods and kind of progressives acknowledging that it's the fault of government planners that we have massive roads and parking lots when we need more density or trees or even like things that seem like they're traditionally on the liberal end of the spectrum they say well it's because the government planners failed in these areas so yes at us to a certain extent a lot on the local level breaks down and doesn't really fit neatly into team R or team D so and I think that there's a lot of hope for that although like I said I do think the national telecommunications is polarizing us so even if in certain states you can't run as a Republican or Democrat it it becomes very clear who the titular Republican or titular Democrat are and so somewhere in there possibly libertarian ideas can have a little bit of an influence and maybe also if we shine more of a light on local government maybe we can start realizing the government is kind of corrupt and bad in many instances right even at the state and local level yeah especially at the state local level I would say thank you for listening to free thoughts if you have any questions or comments about today's show you can find us on Twitter at free thoughts pod that's free thoughts pod free thoughts is a project of libertarianism org and the Cato Institute and is produced by Evan Banks to learn more about libertarianism visit us on the web at www.libertarianism.org


Could alien blood be toxic? Let's face it, if we were to ever have an extraterrestrial encounter, it's the sort of question that could mean the difference between galactic peace and prosperity on one hand and a rather unfortunate interspecies faux pas on the other. Having a guest's nosebleed strip the flesh from your bones alien style probably isn't the best way to cement a lifelong relationship. Of course, despite Hollywood fantasies and the rapidly growing number of exoplanets being discovered, the chances of an alien encounter are remote. But nevertheless, it's interesting to speculate on how radically different biologies might react when they come together. Terrestrial biology is built around carbon and the complex molecule dioxyribonucleic acid or DNA. But this could just be an oddity of Earth. What if our extraterrestrial neighbours got lumbered with a biology based on another material – silicon for instance. It's not that likely as the chemistry of silicon is rather more limited than that of carbon but imagine for a second that it could happen. Silicon analogues of carbon-based molecules tend to be extremely reactive. This could be bad news for anyone inadvertently sharing bodily fluids with a silicon-based buddy. Forget about the blood, even a casual handshake could be fatal. To truth be told, our blood will probably be just as toxic to them as theirs was to us. Probably more so. Even if we stumble across another carbon-based life form, we may face problems. We've evolved to breathe and burn oxygen for energy. But what if our carbon-based neighbours breathed something else? We already know of terrestrial bacteria that use alternatives to oxygen for respiration including substances like iron, manganese, chlorine, sulphur and even uranium. If our new intergalactic friend was a bit of a sulphur snorter we could conceivably have a problem as rather than them excelling carbon dioxide it's more likely to be sulphuric acid, giving a whole new meaning to the irritating house guest syndrome. But what if we meet aliens who are almost but not quite like us? What if they're carbon-based oxygen-breathing beings based on something that looks similar to DNA? Could this not quite DNA cause us problems? Would our bodies know what to do with the alien nucleic acids it contained? The chances are that our protective enzymes would break down the foreign molecules and handle any potential hazards, but there could be lingering questions over immune responses as our bodies respond to something that they've never before encountered. This raises the tricky possibility of intergalactic species allergies. Not that we're likely to see diplomatic protocols for avoiding embarrassing alien rashes in our lifetime, but this last issue isn't as daft as it sounds. Scientists are already playing around with new molecules that might conceivably form the basis of totally artificial life forms. This synthetic biology is cutting-edge stuff but not beyond the bounds of possibility. So while we are highly unlikely to come face-to-face with true extraterrestrial aliens, given the speed with which science and technology are now progressing, it could be only a matter of time before we make our own homegrown aliens. At which point, asking whether alien blood could be toxic won't be quite as silly as you might think. Don't forget to share your thoughts on the risks of alien blood, whether extraterrestrial or homegrown, in the comments below. And stay safe.


Okay, we're back, this is Dave Vellante. I'm with Wikibon.org, one of the founders, and this is SiliconANGLE TV's continuous coverage of HP Discover. We're live on theCUBE with the Tinker Twin. So now, many of you might remember, we had Greg and Chris Tinker on from an event that we did in LA. We skyped them in, and these guys are basically, you call yourselves smoke jumpers, problem solvers, right? I mean, you know a lot about a lot of different things. You're two key members of HP's Tiger team in the field. So first of all, welcome to the liveCube. It was great to see you guys here. Thank you for having us, Dave. Appreciate that. Yeah, so our pleasure. So we're going to talk about cloud infrastructure, big data, maybe talk a little bit about Hadoop, how to make all this stuff work. Yeah, it's complicated out there for clients. So, yeah, so Greg, why don't we start with you? Greg's in blue, folks. You know, what are you seeing? Customers, you know, doing these days. Well, the biggest thing I'm seeing today, Dave, is the fact that as customers are growing their business, the big story of today is cloud convergence whether it be public, private, and the customers are really having a big problem determining which course of action to go, whether they stay with traditional IT departments, or they start moving into the cloud environment, whether it be moving test dev QA, or they move their entire production line into the new cloud, private, public, name your favorite. And that's the vision on leveraging that legacy of hardware and software. And in doing so, what they're taking advantages of, what we are in HP are been striving for is making sure that we provide customers with data protection, and I think that's a good segue into talking a little bit about data protection and how we can take that with cloud services or without and do traditional IT deployment whether it be storage of 3-par, P9500s, EVAs, our storage line goes up, you know, hundreds there. All right. Data protection changes your notion of data protection, right, and how you can, it enables new things, but it brings new challenges, right? Talk about that. A new challenge, especially with data availability. The data availability, now you have thousands of VDIs, virtual desktops, standing up on top of terabytes or zettabytes of storage. So any kind of an interruption of business could easily happen if anybody, essentially a user administrator would make a mistake. And how do we recover from those mistakes? Yeah, so you're saying if one person's laptop has a problem, well, that doesn't affect the entire organization, but there's a lot more at risk, you're saying, in this environment. Yes, specifically whether you're in cloud or not with converged infrastructure now with VMware, with name your favorite virtualization desktop structures, what we're seeing that customers do is they, as they merge all this data down into one hardware platform, the importance of a technology support partner, whether it be HP or other, is becoming a very critical component to the business and from the C-level executives, where 5-9's availability was the big thing years back. Now at 7-9's, one minute or one second of downtime is practically unheard of, especially in these new converged infrastructures. If we have a mistake, whether it be human or hardware, the outage becomes a huge business impact. And I think that's a key segue in those business outages is identifying the outage, identifying the actual root cause. That's one of the things we work on is identifying, we need to take of all this virtualization, where's the actual problem at? What the abstraction layers and identifying the, whether it be a CPU, level two detach, whether it be a contact switch, whether you're digging deep into the BIOS, IOCTLs, all the way up into the application layer. So I've been able to identify the virtualization layer, is it a virtualization problem? And of course, identifying whether or not the actual administrator made a mistake or... So how does a customer deal with them? Take a security incident, for example, in a virtualized environment, where you don't necessarily know physically what's connected to what or do you? Well, that's a good thing. Most customers, though they say they do, most customers actually don't know their infrastructure from soups to nuts. They think they all know everything that's interconnects, but when it boils down to it, the ACLs that get involved with all these security layers that are in the abstraction layers that are engaged become a very complex nightmare to debug, especially when the business impact is so severe that tension is high and customers want the business to be on the cycle line immediately. That's when the pressure becomes very intense. Simplistic concepts like, for example, in Schleswig-Steck at the PGR locks, these are locks that were placed on LUNs. Simplistic to you two. Well, yeah. But when we look at these LUN locks, this is actual data, the corporation's entire business data access. And all of a sudden, the host is no longer able to access the data. So now the application layer, the user environment, all stalls. Wow. It's being able to identify that. So, I mean, a simple problem if you know what you have. Well, and that's usually the phone rings, and, oh, I can't access my data. But the next question is, where in the stack is that issue? And I think that's the key point to be made in the HP Technology Services Branch. When a customer calls in, they tend not to know where that problem is. That's why they're calling in the first place. They have their own, most customers all have their own IT support staff. And then they are calling because they need that assistance to figure out where that is, ask the right questions to basically define the decision tree to basically tackle the problem at hand. So, what do you guys see in cloud? We just did a survey, we did a survey a year ago, and basically nobody was doing hybrid cloud. And now today, everybody's doing hybrid cloud. And I tweeted that out, and some people were watching, somebody said to me, well, I just did an informal survey at my Birds of a Feather session, and a private cloud outranked public and hybrid by a wide margin. So, what do you guys see? Is it still private cloud? Are people moving to hybrids? Is it hybrid? Yeah, hybrid clouds, yeah. I mean, a hybrid cloud leveraging third party hardware, leveraging legacy hardware, legacy solutions that they've had on their production floor. But when it comes to private managed clouds, public clouds, it all depends on the business model. There are certain types of engineering, certain types of lab work that you just probably don't want to put into public. Not yet, because of the concerns regarding security. Yes, the security's there, there's some concerns, valid concerns, that perhaps are preventing the public acquisition, but are great for managed clouds, and of course, the cloud. I've seen a hybrid cloud, and my brother does as well. We see these technologies every day from a customer-client perspective. When they call in, what do we see in real life is, we see the hybrids. Very, very infrequently, one solution fit the entire portfolio of a given client. I would say that would be extraordinarily rare. Unless it's a small mom-and-pop shop that is starting up, but your big mom-and-pop shops, those customers, there's always going to be some type of hybrid, probably for years to come. And the technology landscape is so varied. It's evolving extremely fast, and these customers are adapting it, and of course the technology experts they have on staff, are having to learn those technologies. And it makes a lot of sense because the CapEx, already the money they have invested in the hardware, they can't roll all of it immediately to meet the new technology at hand. So we're going to see the hybrid models for the next, I'd say two to three years, easy. Yeah, well that's good confirmation because the numbers were starving me. It was like single digits last year, and now it's almost 40% are saying, this is our primary strategy. And then the other notable thing, and you guys know this, because a couple of years ago, the typical IT person was very skeptical about cloud. They wouldn't even use the term, as we call it IT as a service, and now everybody's using cloud. The number of people who say it's a buzzword of unclear meaning is really, really low now. Right. It goes back to the concerns years ago about shared services, shared models. You know, it's the same concept. Now you have large corporations that have silos of data. Well, they got silos of servers, different IT groups from different divisions of the corporation. Now they're able to leverage all those hardware. So they're able to put a private cloud or a public cloud. You don't want to do a public, they'll probably do a private cloud inside the corporation. And some sense of the words, cloud is the new buzzword. A lot of customers, and I would say for several years in the past now, have already been using this methodology. They didn't call it the cloud, they didn't know that was what it was, but that's basically what they were doing already from start. What we are now doing is we are, as an industry, putting basically a NAS wrapper around it, putting a standard model with it. And it's just standard servers are getting incorporated into the model so it can easily be replicated and growth can easily be achieved. Well, HP's creating cloud orchestration software. It allows you to be able to deploy servers, image systems already. I mean, if you wanted to work or a side baser in Formex or Linux or Ubuntu or Red Hat or Windows, you're able to deploy these systems at a click. Click of a button. Where it used to take weeks to provision the storage, do the zoning and network administration, create the ACLs, create the network, the route tables and all this infrastructure. Now it's a point and click. But there's still a lot of complexity underneath the cover, right? And that's what we do. And that's basically where our job comes into play. And that's why we exist actually is because this complexity that you just spoke of, we do have, our engineering teams and our labs have spent a great number of years trying to reduce this simplicity. Try to make it a simple screen that you can click and get what you're trying to achieve. A nice dashboard and reports. Right, and so when those go wrong, and let's be honest, they will. Everything will go awry. It's all human done. And so what we have to do is we have to be able to mitigate those risks, isolate those problems, and fix them in a very time-consuming fashion. Very nationally, right. It requires partnerships with support. Sure. And it's not like HP's doing everything here. It's because we have a partnership agreement with a lot of different vendors. Emilex, QLogic, the list goes on. And we are working with and do diligent with them to make sure that we can support these new convergent network adapters that people are hearing about. And a little nervous, some customers stick with the old methodology. Single adapter for a certain task. And a lot of customers today, in the last few months, I've seen a lot of customers buying the new adapters, moving their entire infrastructure onto the single adapter 10 gigabit interface, and they're really liking it. Really? You know, I hadn't expected to talk about that. But the CNAs, when I first saw them come out, I said, all right, it may be take a while, but it's inevitable. It is. It's got to happen. You're going to cut your connection cost in half. Connection cost, infrastructure cost, power requirement. I'm a big fan of it. It's a no-brainer, really. We're big fans, yes. But there's always that inertia. Yeah. Getting people off the log and moving forward. And then the whole fiber channel over ethernet thing. It goes back to the administration. There's a lot of advantages to it. Like Chris and I are huge fans of Boot from Sand. Personally, I don't think a server should have a disk inside it. But there's pros and cons to both of those strategies. But Chris and I are big advocates. There's a whole lot of... Why? Talk about why that is. Well, backups? Well, backups, for one, but then another great advantage of you just turn the server into a black box. Yes. If the server crashes or hardware problems, you just replace the black box, boot it back up off the network, or back off the brand. It's a simple zone change at this point. You zone the storage to the new black box. Same architecture. You can't jump from a PA risk over to an ITAM, of course. Yeah, but it simplifies your environment, it minimizes your risk, and it allows you to respond more quickly to all the things you were talking about. When you have a business risk, when a CPU fails, when inevitably a hardware component does go awry. Sure. It makes it far faster for customers to have that DR strategy and come right back online in a blink of an eye for the most part. So I want to shift topics and talk about big data. It's hot right now. Yes it is. It's kind of the new buzzword. It's taking over for cloud. But it seems real in that companies are trying to figure out how they can get value out of data. Value out of information totally makes sense, right? Now, I'm intrigued. You guys, experts in many, many different disciplines. And then this thing called Hadoop comes on. Sure. So don't tell me you're like born experts in Hadoop, right? Right, right. Pig and hive and scoop and all this crazy stuff.  Where's it fit in what you guys and HP are doing? Okay. So Chris and I are spending a great deal of time with all types of analytics right now. You have Vertica, Hadoop, Autonomy. And then talking about Hadoop, you have those abstraction layers that sit on top. Hive, Pig, the other one that you mentioned. So we are catching up to speed with that on all of our engineering groups. We spend a great deal of time debugging those things and more than importantly anything, I think the biggest problem we're seeing with customers is performance. At the end of the day, we're always partnering with those programmers, the guys who actually write the code for Hadoop and of course Vertica and Autonomy. The issues that we've seen more often are performance. Okay, so you're talking about going out there and the business would like to analyze all this data and essentially extract meaningful data from it. Well, how do they do that? They have to go out there and scan terabytes of data. Sure. How do you speed that up? How do you do that in efficient manners? You got to look at parallelization. You got to look at the CPU context. You got to look at network throughput saturations. That's where we get engaged. A lot of time is strictly on the performance basis of whether it be Hadoop or name your favorite out there, whether pulling the data in, having the plugins, ODBC calls, et cetera, the plugins that will allow us to pull the data out of Oracle, side-based informants, name your favorite. Structured data with using Vertica or unstructured data as well. Just recently I took a case on a situation where you would always think having more RAM on a computer is a better thing. It's always more RAM is better, right? Well, we had a terabyte of RAM and the situation was it was regarding how it was actually doing interleaving and the CPU context switches. I could not get the performance up to the custom requirement. I started analyzing the computer, analyzing the application, Hadoop, looking at how it was actually making the system calls, looking at where it was spending its time and sure enough, I was able to ascertain it was in the memory and we were able to essentially make some BIOS changes, re-architect the actual solution and got over double the performance. So the beauty of Hadoop, of course, is you can bring five megabytes of code, terabytes of data, and you don't have to bring all the data through the little teeny pipe, right? So that's great. But then now I've got all this data out there distributed and I want to get to it. So how are people actually bringing the nuggets back in and analyzing it? That's a hard problem. It is a hard problem. And some customers are bringing it into a new database, like putting it on a Hadoop file system or Vertica. And some customers leave the data where it is and actually pull it in partials and do the analytics there like that. The biggest question of the day is when you have to pull all the data in, that's where we've seen most of our customer complaints is when you have these databases and I can't give customer names of course, but when you're talking about 100 terabytes, you're not going to do anything fast with 100 terabytes. And that's the current problem we're running into is we have this massive amount of data. We have to analyze it and give real-time results back to the executives within a few minutes. You're using a batch system. Right. In real time, that's a catchphrase. That's insane. It's most often near time. Near time, right? Because you're usually a few minutes back. I like my colleague, David Floyer, I said my definition of real time is before you lose the customer. There you go. That's not good enough. It is, yeah. Most customers that we're dealing with now are used to the traditional IT shops, the HPCCs, the high-performance computer clusters. Yeah. Yeah, when you're talking about latency in the nanoseconds to multiple milliseconds, now we're having to go up into the multiple seconds to analyze these big data pools, customers start to lose tension, get aggravated because they're not used to this new engine, if you will. Especially when you're talking about the amount of data that's out there. And especially when they start pulling in all the tweet feeds and start doing analytics on that. Well, you mentioned latency, wasn't it? I think it was Goldman Sachs who said, a couple years ago, said that for every millisecond we can shave off of our application performance, it's $100 million to the bottom line a year. That's the correct statement. And I think that... That's in the... Yeah, in the banks, the monetary basis, the exchange and trading. Look at what I was working on two weeks ago. I was having to shave, I was in the microsecond range and I needed to shave about 20 microseconds off of a process that was running for several hours. Yeah, that's a good analogy there, Chris, is the fact that when we say we're debugging the latest problems, this is a new... I can't get into a lot of particulars on it, but I'll say this is the bleeding edge technology that's out there that is being used by customers in ways that honestly was never perceived. And we were running into a particular problem where we were spending time on a CPU thread at 68 to 86 microseconds and we needed to shave it down to 28. So those are the things we're working on. Wow. Even with our technology backgrounds, we still partner with the actual... Your guys who actually wrote the chip spun the A6 all the way up to the guys who actually write the kernel code, it does the actual scheduling of the CPU context. What's your backgrounds? Are you guys CS guys or are you mechanical and physics? So our mathematics is our background and computer programming happened to be a hobby and I think that's true for a lot of the Hadoop guys out there. Yeah, well the data scientists are this interesting mashup, right? Statisticians and programmers and data hackers really. Basically, most of us I think it became a passion that we got into the companies, whether it be HP, Google, name your favorite, that we actually just enjoy what we do and we're lucky to get to work for the companies. Yeah, well it's interesting to me, you seem technology agnostic, it really, technology doesn't matter. It's going to come, it's going to go. It's your perspectives and then how to deal with it from a, certainly from a process standpoint and then how to make it work. Absolutely, the technology is extremely agile so it moves with the business. At the end of the day, the business, the IT is there to serve a function, it is there to serve the business. At the end of the day, what our objective is in HP and this is true for any engineering branch is we want to better the business strategy so we know that today's technology will probably obsolete in 10 years, of course it will. 10 year technology ago is already gone, nobody talks about it anymore. I'm trying to think of the old bag phone, you remember those? You know, thank God we're not there no more. But yeah, so that's, me and Chris have always been very admired, the technology growth and how we're trying to keep up with it, it's a lot of fun. All right, Chris and Greg, thanks very much for coming on. I really appreciate you guys, your unique pair and a real asset for HP. Congratulations on all your success and really appreciate you making time out to come in theCUBE. Thanks for having us. All right, thank you everybody for watching. Keep it right there, we'll be right back. We've got a great CIO segment, Ernie Parks, the VP and CIO of 3M Corporation is coming on next, keep it right there. First time on theCUBE baby, rock and roll. Probably five or six times I've been on theCUBE now. Right, at first the guys are just fun to work with. Pat, welcome back. Hey, always a pleasure to be in theCUBE. Hey, I'm about to go on theCUBE, you never know what's going to happen. A three time veteran of being on theCUBE. I hope many, many more. Chad Sackets, Chad, welcome to theCUBE. Dave, John, it's great to be here man. Keep coming back because great insightful questions from John and from Dave. What face melting action have you seen here at the event and I know there's a lot of it. It's a great vehicle to communicate with a broad audience, a lot of folks watch. Great to have you back, good job. All right, Craig Nunez, VP of Marketing at HPStore. Thanks very much for coming on theCUBE. When people mention theCUBE, they're like, oh my God, I saw you on theCUBE and they're all excited about it. It's an experience, it's not just information. They experience kind of what's going on there. It's like real time, it's like they were there. That was like going to the gym. My pleasure. Legendary IBMer, CEO of Symantec and now CEO of Virtual Instrument. Great to have you on theCUBE. So for theCUBE to be here at a conference like this, it's got 15,000, 20,000 people and sharing that live around the world, that's consistent with the way the world is evolving. So it's a wonderful meeting, a really wonderful thing. John and Dave are amazing. I don't know how they keep everything in their heads the way they do. It's a great format and we're obviously seeing that this notion of real time coverage and a real conversation is what's driving us as a company. And I said very seriously when the questions and the comments that we hear from them and from all the different guests here are directly turned into the products that we build. Yeah, that was my first Cube and I really enjoyed it. It was the rapid fire of questions. It made me think on my feet, but they were very thought provoking and really got me going on analyzing the greatness of Arista and the greatness of theCUBE as well. John and Dave, the reason their approach works, they're not just guys reading down the question.


Now we are going to look at the last functional entity in detail with respect to different underlying networks which it supports. The transport resource control functional entity that at the end of the day manages QS control, whichever QS policy is coming right from the service control function. So we look at its role and then we look at the operation under different network type settings. So we all know that NGN is pretty much access independent. So the access technologies can vary. They are all interoperable in an integrated NGN architecture. They can coexist as such there is no problem. But when we are talking about providing quality of service and the quality of service control, the role of the transport resource control functional entity becomes very important. It is one of the functional entities in the resource and admission control functions. It is dependent upon the underlying technology because each technology has its own peculiar behavior, its own protocol design and its own definition of the parameters. So for different networks such as the IP networks and if the multi-protocol label switching is enabled, IP, MPLS networks, pure Ethernet network as Layer 2 technology and broadband and wireless mobile networks including both YMAX and the LTE and LTEA. So this TRCFE is going to have a very important role in assessing the attributes, the features, the protocols of the access technologies. So when we are talking about admission control, admission control is dependent upon the availability of existing resources in the network and the requirement which is coming in a certain QoS request for a flow, particularly for media flow. So to understand the current state of the network, there is something known as the management for performance measurement. We will talk about it later but just consider it for now. It is again a function that is used to assess the current state of network parameters in order to make sure that QoS requirements are amicably met. So this MPM is used by the TRCFE to admit the service requests depending upon the QoS profiles on the basis of the existing network performance. The existing network performance is measured through collecting certain logs or information. For instance, the bandwidth availability, the current measured QoS parameters such as latency, delay variation or jitter, packet loss ratio, etc. So admission control by TRCFE is dependent upon the information it gets from the management for performance measurement module. So if we are talking about different underlying access technologies, we can start with IP. So this TRCFE is very useful in interacting with IP because IP routing is implemented on routers through different routing protocols such as RIP, OSPF, etc. So the routers can implement quality of service using the ITF recommended diff serve architecture which is based primarily on packet classification and differentiation and admission control. The packet differentiation is done either in IP version 4 or IP version 6 depending upon what is the available header information available. In IP version 4 it is the QoS classes and in IP version 6 it is the traffic class field. So essentially both of these come under the DS differentiated services field. The other important attribute of the diff serve architecture is the admission control. Since we are talking about the RACF, the resource and admission control function. So this TRCFE manages the links or all the interfaces in our router and then correspondingly it performs link by link resource management and the allocation of resources. Now this is essentially meaning buffer management and admitting a certain flow or denying a certain flow at the input of a router. So admission control is another important functionality carried out by the TRCFE for IP. Since we are talking about NGN networks with very high speed requirements, so the multi protocol label switching is something that makes the processing of IP packets very fast. And it does so by introducing a header known as the shim header between layer 2 and layer 3 known as a label. Now this label is used in processing the IP packet as it moves from a router to another router known as the MPLS domain. So the paths in an MPLS domain are known as the label switched paths which are pre provisioned for a certain flow. For instance avoid flow or IPTV flow. So correspondingly this MPLS domain results into a virtual MPLS transport network that is it exists on top of an IP network but since it is using labels so it is virtually existing. Now these labels can be either assigned in the form of a preset forwarding table or a certain real time signaling protocol such as resource reservation protocol traffic engineering can be used or constrained label distribution protocol can be used. So whatever is used MPLS uses essentially a stack of labels such that the top of the stack is a processed in the form of the last in first out manner. So a QS route is basically a label stack which comprises a concatenated label switched paths or a series of routers which are connected in a single path. Then we have the wireless fixed and mobile broadband. We have the examples of YMAX and LTE, LTEA. Here again the QS control is handled through the radio interface which is led to the QS signaling for QS control is done in the radio part. And we already know certain QS classes which were defined by the ITUT, ITF and the NGN community. So for these QS classes in wireless the transport resource control functional element, functional entity can actually carry out some kind of priority based scheduling at the base stations. It could be a base station in LTE, it could be a base station in YMAX. And in addition to that this TRC FE can also carry out some kind of runtime adaptive bandwidth allocation known as the dynamic bandwidth allocation. So in all finally we can say that the TRC FE is dependent upon the underlying technology and corresponding to that technology it changes its QS control with whatever features are available in that technology.


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Hello, everyone. I'm Sanjay Gupta. I welcome you on Sanjay Gupta Tech School. In this video, I'm going to demonstrate the use of Adlerate wire decorator. So in this video, I will be demonstrating the use of wire decorator with Lightning Data Service wire adapter. And in upcoming video, I will be discussing how you can use wire decorator with your Apex class method. So let's understand this concept with importing references to fields. So jumping to Visual Studio Code. So here I have already created a Lightning Web component named as wire adapter demo. So this is HTML file and this is JavaScript file. So first I'm going to implement HTML file. So in HTML file, basically I will be displaying two fields of account that is name and phone. And for that purpose, I'm going to create two column grid so that you understand like how we define SLDS classes, how we can use. So first of all, I'm going to use a dev and using a class SLDS grid. Now inside this dev, like this dev will be creating a grid and inside this dev, I will be dividing that grid into two parts. So having one more dev then class equals to SLDS-column and SLDS-size underscore one-of-2. And then I'm closing the dev. Now inside this dev, I'm using lightning formatted text value equals to and here I'm using a property name. This I will be declaring in the JavaScript file. And here also I'm going to apply a class which is SLDS-text-heading-large. So this way this first block is created. Now I'm just copying this block and pasting it. So here I'm just changing it to two-of-two. So this will be the first column of grid and this will be the second column of the grid. Now here I am going to display phone value. So this way HTML file is created and I'm saving this code. Now I need values in these name and phone property. So for this purpose I will be implementing the JavaScript code. So jumping to JavaScript file. So here I'm going to import a module. So that module will give me two functionality that is get record and get field value. And module name is UI record API. So lightning slash UI record API. So this UI record API is a module. So you can see through this pop up and through this module I am just importing get record and get field value. So these are two functions. So get record will be getting the record if we pass the record ID and get field value can pass the value of particular field. So this way this import statement is written over here. Now as I said you like we will be importing references to fields. So now I'm going to write that statement. So I'm writing import name field from then at the rate Salesforce slash schema slash account dot name. Right. So this way account dot name will be imported and its reference will be available into this name field identifier. Now I'm just copying the statement and pasting it and changing it to phone. And here also I'm writing phone. So two fields I just imported. So actually I'm importing the references and they will be represented with name field and phone field respectively. Right. Now inside this class wrapper adapter demo. I'm going to create property named as a record ID and it is annotated as at the rate API. So whenever we use at the rate API decorator so we need to import it here as well. So this I already demoed in my previous explanation. Now why I am creating this record ID as public property because I will be placing this component on account record page. And I just want that account record ID will be available automatically into this record ID property. Right. Now I'm going to use wire decorator. So at the rate wire. So at the rate wire then we need to pass the adapter. So I'm passing adapter ideas to get record and then inside curly basis. I need to pass record ID. Then colon then inside single quotes you need to write dollar record ID. Then after closing single quotes you need to place comma and then fields and in square bracket you need to write the field name. So here we already imported field reference in name field. So I'm placing it here and phone field. So after comma I'm placing it as well. Right. So here you can see this at the rate wire is written like this. Now we need to write one more statement here. So this is basically a property. So this record is a property. Right. So this at the rate wire will be executing this get record get record will be working on this record ID. And it will be fetching values of these two fields. And every information will be available into this record property. So this way how you write at the rate wire in your lightning web component. Right. Now after this if you want to show the values of name and phone field. So you need to create two more properties named as name and phone. Right. So now I'm going to create them using getter. So this block will be for name and another block will be for phone. So this is another type of property. So we can have two types of property one, which is similar to variable where we can store some value and that value will be rendered on the HTML if we use that property on HTML file. And this property like get getter name and phone. So these properties are like function like property. So here if you want to do some calculation and then you want to return the result of that calculation. So you can write them like this. So these are known as getter property. Now here I need to write the statement. So I'm writing return. Now one more thing I will be writing record this dot record dot data. So what is happening? This record property is declared in this JavaScript file. So if you declare any property in JavaScript and in that JavaScript file itself if you use that property for other calculation. So you need to use this dot. Right. This means this property is available in this file itself. Then this record will be having two things. It will be having data and error. Right. So this is a comment. So it is showing like this record will be having data and error. So we are focusing on data part. Then I'm writing a question mark. So basically I'm using a ternary operator. So before question mark, if I write this dot record dot data. So it means I'm checking whether there is some value available in this record dot data or not. If yes. So I can fetch the value. So what I'm going to write get field value this dot record dot data comma. And then I need to write name field. So I'm just copying and pasting it here. So this is a syntax of this get field value function. And after Poland, I'm writing the single quotes and then semicolon. So this way, this part is the condition this dot record data. If this condition is true, then this part will be evaluated, which is written after question mark. Otherwise, this single quote will execute, which is written after colon sign. So this is basically known as ternary operator. And return will be returning this value to HTML. So here you can see we used this name property. So it will be displayed with the help of lightning formatted text. Right. Now we need to copy this statement and I'm just pasting it over here. And here we need to change this name to. Phone field. Right. So this way, I hope you understood like how we can import references to fields. So here above I imported references of two fields. Name and phone. And those are identified using name field and phone field. And that those I'm using here. So here in this statement I used and here also I used that. Okay. So this way, this code is implemented completely. Now, if I go to matter dot XML, so here you can see is exposed. I already set us true and target I'm using as lightning underscore underscore record page. So I will be placing this component on account report page because these fields name and phone are related to account. If you want to use any other object. So what you can do, you can just change the field API is accordingly. And you can place this component on that particular object as well. Right. So now I'm going to deploy this component from source to work. So it is being deployed. So it is deployed successfully now jumping to the org. So I am going to open the sales application. So here list of account records are available. So I'm going to open any of the record. And then I need to click on this gear icon top right corner then edit page. And then I need to place that lightning web component on the record page. So if I go to bottom to custom section. So here why adapter demo component is available. So I'm just placing it. And here you can see it is showing account name and phone number in two grids. Left side account name and right side phone number. So I'm just saving this page so that on UI you can see how it will look like. So it is saved. I'm moving back. So here you can see account name is available. And at right hand side account phone number is available. And their size is large because we use lightning formatted text. And here class we applied SLDS text heading underscore large. And SLDS is Salesforce lightning design system. So this way I hope you understood like how we can use at grid wire decorator. So now let's jump to another part. So now I'm going to demonstrate you like how we can use objects field through string. So you might be thinking can we use this, this account dot name and account dot phone directly instead of writing these and they may be question like what, what will be the difference then. Right. So let me first implement that. So I'm just commenting these two statements. And I'm going to write. API is directly with the help of string. So I'm writing account dot name and account dot phone. Right. So this way what will happen. We don't need to import the references of APIs because we are directly passing them. And here also I need to write it like this account dot name and account dot phone. So this way also you can use the API names. So I'm just saving this code and deploying it to org. And if I refresh, so you will see no change. Same output will be available. You can see there's no change. Same output is rendering right now. So now you might be thinking like what is the difference between this. This statement like importing reference and using strings directly. So that I will be discussing in my next video. Next video in detail. So I just explained you two different ways like how we can use. API through references by importing them and how we can use API names directly using this string. Right. Now one more thing I need to demo you like here we are using this return statement, which is quite complicated. Like we are using this ternary operator. So you might be thinking like can we simplify this? So answer will be yes, we can. So you can use the statement like this. This dot record dot data dot fields dot name dot value. So this way also you can write this statement. So here we are using get value get field value function in place of this. You can use this statement. Right. But here we are not checking whether this data is having something or not. So that we will be doing on the UI site like an HTML. So here I am just copying it and pasting it here as well and making it a comment. Right. So this way also you can just return the data. And if I go here. So what you need to do here you need to apply a condition. Sorry, not there. We need to use template and then if Poland true equals to and here you need to write record dot data and this template we need to close at the end. Right. So what will happen? This this is a conditional rendering. So if record dot data is having something then only this block will be rendered otherwise not. And this wire will work automatically whenever component loads. So whatever result will be returned into record. So we are returning it from this. So if it is having some data then only that HTML part will be rendered otherwise not. So this way also you can return values of particular field to the HTML file. So I am just deploying it from source to or and here I'm going to refresh the page. So you can see. Okay. So it is showing both place. It is showing account acc 101 acc 101 at both the places. So why it is showing so because here instead of phone I just place name I just copy pasted and didn't modify it. So now I modified it and again I'm going to deploy it. So if I refresh the page so now you will see account name and phone both. So you can see account name and phone both are available here. Right. So this way I hope you understood like how different features we can use to perform the same operation. Now one more thing like you might be thinking can we do. One thing like can we create a collection where the these fields we can store and we can use that collection directly here. So answer will be yes, you can do that. So what you can do you can create a constant property like fields name can be anything. So here you can write these. So I'm writing account dot name then comma account dot phone and here in place of this I can use this constant. Right. So what is happening this content this constant is collecting all the field APIs and here I'm passing it directly. So this is also possible. And if you are importing field references into this name field and phone field. So these you can write here directly in place of these strings. Right. So this way these are different ways to import. Sorry. These are different ways to use these field APIs so that you can get the data from Salesforce or and I hope this way you understood the use of at the rate wire decorator and here this UI record API is module and we are importing get record and get field value functionality. So get record will be getting the record and get field value will be getting the field field value and without get field value also you can get the value of particular field and this name and phone is data property and wire will be working automatically whenever component loads and API is denoting like this record ID is a public property. So this is all about wire decorator. Thank you.