The ocean is the natural environment and field of operation for maritime nations the world over. It is logical and necessary that these nations learn as much as possible about oceans and their boundaries. The effective operation of naval forces is dependent upon this knowledge. Indeed, success or failure of specific naval missions can hinge critically on a commander's knowledge of a single environmental peculiarity of the water mass. Recognizing this, the Navy has given high priority to research and studies on problems basic to the science of oceanography. The U.S. Navy Electronics Laboratory, a leading bureau of ships activity in oceanography, has had assigned to it several significant areas of oceanographic research. They are incorporated in the basic statement of the laboratory's mission. Thus, since 1946, basic oceanographic research has been an integral part of the program of the laboratory and has been vital to the support of various other programs of basic concern to the Navy. In pursuing its assigned task, NEL has acquired a number of special tools and facilities to expedite accomplishment of its continuing mission in oceanographic research. One of the first tools utilized by the laboratory was SCUBA. This apparatus permitted the scientist himself to enter the aquatic realm and make first-hand investigations in shallow water. For example, the diving biologist could intrude on the heretofore private life of various fish and aquatic invertebrates such as these Gorgonian corals. The use of SCUBA is highly rewarding down to depths of 250 feet. Recognizing the significance of information to be gleaned from shallow water studies, but realizing the expense of operating seagoing vessels for this purpose, NEL devised and constructed a permanent oceanographic tower in 60 feet of water off Mission Beach, San Diego. This tower permits taking a wide variety of continuous measurements which otherwise would require a vessel anchored in shallow water. Observations can be made 24 hours a day, month in and month out, with relative ease and economy. The Bathescap Trieste is another special scientific facility used by NEL. Following its acquisition in 1957 and arrival at San Diego, laboratory scientists initiated a program of seafloor and midwater investigations which utilized the deep diving capability of the Bathescap. This permitted in situ or on the spot, observations and measurements by investigators in the fields of physical oceanography, seafloor geology, marine biology and underwater acoustics. The Trieste is especially constructed to operate at very great depths. Indeed, it has penetrated the deepest known depth of the ocean. The logistics and cost factors of its operation make it less suitable for shallow water investigations than for deep ocean research. Another tool used by NEL oceanographers is the thermistor chain, mounted on the fan tail of the USS Marysville. This sophisticated apparatus continuously traces temperature isotherms, that is, the depths through which given specific temperatures occur and automatically plots them on a recorder. From these records, the movement of water masses and the dynamic thermal structure of the ocean can be interpreted. Records are verified by laboratory models, which in turn provide the basis for long-range theoretical studies. These tools and facilities, as well as others not covered here, have a varied application, and they all jointly contribute to the basic Navy requirement of advancing the knowledge of ocean environment and its several boundaries. Recently recognized as a distinct gap in observation capability between the lower operational depths of Scuba and the economically practical upper depth of Bathiscaf operation. This gap is in the mid-depth area, generally considered to be between 200 and 6,000 feet. With the advent of the Cusco Sucu Su Marine, or submarine saucer, it was recognized that this type of underwater vehicle might fill the gap. Consequently, the Navy Electronics Laboratory made arrangements for use of this diving saucer when it became available for lease. NEL wanted to test its utility in several types of oceanographic research, physical oceanography, geology, biology, and associated disciplines. In a period of more than a year, 21 dives have been made by five scientists from NEL. The purpose of this film is to document these dives and to present some of the results of the oceanographic investigations. Successful operation of the present Navy Electronics Laboratory Oceanographic Research Tower requires the best possible knowledge of the marine environment seaward of the tower site. Such basic surface, mid-water, and bottom information is critical to the study of surface and internal waves, which propagate from the deeper seaward direction. It is also critical to the success of acoustic tests being made in the area in close conjunction with the tower research program. It was quickly realized that the diving saucer provided an excellent means for gaining much of this information. Therefore, one of the early dives of the saucer was made by physical oceanographer Eugene C. LaFont. The saucer submerged immediately seaward from the tower and proceeded westerly toward deeper water. There were two objectives. First, to extend geographically the environmental inventory of various physical, geological, and biological features which exist around the tower. And secondly, to gain information for the installation of future structures to be used in conjunction with the present tower. Immediate scientific targets were the distribution of water temperature, turbidity, and bottom currents, and visual sampling of bottom micro-topography, geologic features, and benthonic faunal populations. The dive was closely coordinated with a series of measurements taken simultaneously from the tower. Current at the bottom was only one-tenth of a knot to the south, but winter swell had created large sand ripples 30 inches across and 6 inches high. These ripples were scalloped and irregularly eroded with furrows along their crests. This was caused by the burrowing action of sand dollars, which would alternately crawl and then partially bury themselves in an erect position. The partial burial was always in an orientation, giving least resistance to bottom currents. Farther seaward, the ripples became smaller, and the sand dollar population ended. Also, the ripples became sharp-crested. As the Succoop proceeded farther, a layer of broken shell was seen to make a hard white band in the troughs. Still farther, the ripples became smaller. Finally, they disappeared as a flat, silty sea bottom, characterized by sea pens, was traversed. It was also noted that both bottom current and turbidity increased as the saucer moved progressively farther from the tower. The saucer was submerged for nearly 4 hours on this dive and covered a controlled track of about 2 miles. Results clearly delineated the contrasting zones seaward of the tower with characteristic relationships between bottom roughness and bottom dwelling populations. These relationships helped clarify certain anomalies in sound reflection from the sea floor in this area. The dive further established the feasibility of constructing other bottom-mounted installations in deeper water as no large rock outcrops, unstable bottom conditions, gullies, or other natural obstructions were encountered. Some 60 nautical miles north of San Diego, off the coastal town of San Clemente, marine geologists from NEL have been investigating unusual geologic sea floor features for many years. Since 1959, offshore explorations have been made with precise electronic position control. Use is made of shore-based beacon stations which respond to electronic commands from the ship. The results are electronically and mechanically plotted on a chart of the area. This permits the ship to know its location exactly and to re-occupy positions previously studied. In some of his earlier work, marine geologist Edwin Buffington developed theories about the origin of gullies on the sea floor and about the stability of sea floor slopes. Effort was concentrated on the gullies because they provided a localized site for geological events which control the distribution of sediment. This is especially important in predicting sedimentary conditions in the deep sea and their effect on long-range sound transmission. The diving saucer provided an exceptional opportunity to examine firsthand the features and processes which had been interpreted from echo-sounding records and samples. Proceeding to a spot especially chosen from previous records and located with the navigation system, the geologist selected a dive site. The bottom was checked with the echo sounder and the descent position buoy. Scientists and pilots carefully planned the dive. In the first dive, the saucer descends the wall of one of the sea gullies and the rock outcrops which are expected from the seismic profiling records. Large outcrops are not found, but the slopes are discovered to be greater than 40 degrees, which is more than twice as steep as those measured by echo sounder. A sample of the sea floor is taken by extending the saucer's hydraulic arm with an attached core sampler and tilting the saucer until the core penetrates the sea floor and brings out a sample of the sediments. Rock outcrops are found at considerably greater depth than expected. At near maximum depth of 1,000 feet, slumps and landslides are found. Vertical cliffs are encountered next to slopes of unconsolidated sediment, which are as steep as 45 degrees. Apparently, very steep slopes can be quite stable and still be close to slopes which are unstable. A bonus observation of interest to both biologists and geologists is made when swarms of squid are seen to have a habit of striking the bottom as they feed, creating large clouds of turbid sediment close to the sea floor. This biological action accomplishes a redistribution of sediment and a smoothing of the bottom with a consequent change in the nature of the reflecting bottom surface. The dives at San Clemente corroborated the conclusion of original studies which bore on the origin of the gullies and their relations to slumping and slope failure. The observations also gave considerable encouragement to the observers for continuing work and sea floor observations in this area with the promise of finding more productive information. For the past several years, marine geologist David G. Moore has been directing a series of investigations utilizing continuous seismic reflection profiling systems. This work has been conducted from shipboard and has covered large segments of the continental border land off Southern California, in addition to areas from the Mediterranean to the Asiatic coast. In his studies, the acoustic characteristics of sediments and rocks, which produce reflection of sound waves, were the key element. For this investigator, the diving saucer provided a new opportunity to study and sample those areas of the sea floor where sub-bottom strata, which give reflections, emerge to the surface. Resulting information allows more realistic interpretation of the geophysical records in which the true nature of buried rock can be extended as long as the seismic reflections can be identified. Moore made dives in two locations. The first was on Coronado Bank near the Mexican border where a prominent submarine canyon incises the edge of the continental shelf. Here he found and sampled sediment, which provided the basis for identifying several seismic reflecting layers. These identifications provided useful clues to the basic geologic nature of the bank, the processes responsible for producing the canyon, and the relation of the bank to the fundamental structure of the borderland. The second location was off 30-mile bank to the west of San Diego, where the sea floor shoals to within 800 feet of the surface. Here, spectacular outcrops of ancient labas were found, bearing new testimony to volcanic activity in the geologic past. 100-foot-high exposures of this basalt, covered with sponges and other types of sea growth, were observed. This type of rock had been found by dredging, buried out in previous years. But the exact nature of the exposures and their relationships to adjacent sedimentary rocks could not be known until actually viewed and explored by the diving saucer. The ability to inspect these exposures, virtually at arm's length, provides insight into the sea floor processes of weathering and chemical erosion. The additional contributions to erosion made by various rock-destroying animals moving about at will demonstrated another facet of the entire erosional process. Observations on the activities of such animals at these depths are essentially impossible without a submersible. The understanding of the chemical and bulk physical properties of sediments and characteristics critical to the absorption and reflection of sound takes a significant step forward each time a contributing process is revealed. One of the early observers of the sea floor by direct visual methods is marine geologist Robert F. Dill. Starting in 1950, this scientist has concentrated his effort on insight to measurements of the mass physical properties of the marine sediments and sediment movement down submarine canyons into the deep sea. Much of his work was done with scuba, which limited observations to depths above 250 feet. The arrival of the saucer, therefore, was especially welcome to Dill for it permitted him to extend his observations to 1,000 feet. His saucer investigations were conducted off Southern California, where the canyons cut through sedimentary rock and in Mexico where they cut granite. Studies in these diverse environments were undertaken to determine whether the responsible erosional processes were unique to one rock type and locality or whether they could be applied to most submarine canyons. The dives in San Lucas Canyon, Mexico, extended observations from the previously studied sand falls depths down to the main axis of the canyon. In the tributaries, sandy fill periodically flows down slow, eroding the granite walls and transporting large amounts of wall rock. Saucer observations showed that below the sandfall area in 950 feet of water, angular blocks of freshly broken granite as large as 10 feet, rested on or were partially buried in, the sand fill. Large ripple marks and scour depressions below the sandfall area indicated that the bottom had been subjected to currents of up to half a knot. Recent instability was also suggested by these cobbles, carried down canyon by progressive slumps to a depth of 1,000 feet. In the main channel above those depths where the tributaries spill sand into the canyon, sediment was found to be highly reworked by marine organisms and to be accumulating at a rate of approximately 2 inches per year. These observations contradict a common belief that submarine processes become more inactive as depth increases. Also of significance to dill were the bare rock surfaces found only at the base of vertical and overhanging walls. The living population which existed a short distance above the eroded areas constituted evidence of recent erosion. Grooves, gouges, and striations on the rock walls further indicated that the sediment fill of the canyon was slowly moving down slow and had sufficient internal strength to grind away the wall rock. The saucer dives indicated that the primary transporting and eroding processes in canyon depths to 1,000 feet were slow gravity creep, progressive slumping, strong bottom currents, and sand flows in steep areas. The basic agents contributing to erosion of the canyon walls were found to be similar in both sedimentary and granitic rock environments, thus establishing geological processes of considerable significance. Knowledge of these processes provides another element in permitting prediction of the ultimate resting place and distribution of shallow water sediment in the deep sea. Since first discovered at the beginning of World War II, oceanographers have been puzzled by the presence on echo-sounding records of a midwater sound reflecting layer. It was noted that this layer termed the deep scattering layer, descends at dawn from its nighttime roost near the surface and rises at sunset. Thus it was suspected to be of biological origin. Also of considerable interest were the strong discreet reflectors called tent fish because of their signature on the echo ground. The cause of this scattering layer has been the scientific target of marine biologist Eric G. Barrow. His early investigations included attempts to sample the layer by dragging nets through it to catch organisms. Although various animals were retrieved, it was never certain that a true sample was obtained since it was always possible that some of the reflecting organisms were fish which could elude the net. Clearly the best way to study this layer was to actually get into it, stay in it, and observe it. Although the deep scattering layer had been penetrated by the bathoscaf trieste en route to the bottom, investigation of this area was made to order for the diving saucer because of the saucer's excellent maneuverability and capacity for hovering at a controlled depth over a long period of time, something the trieste could not easily do. Barrum's dives in the sucoupe were made in midwater off Cape San Lucas. They were carefully scheduled to cover the time when the scattering layer began its upward migration at dusk and its descent before dawn. Thus dives were started in the late afternoon and continued into the hours of darkness with the ascent and recovery of the saucer made at night. The dive plans required that the sucoupe descend to a given depth and hover for an extended period, maintaining controlled depth to within five meters. It was to turn off its lights, remain as motionless as possible, and then illuminate the area and photograph the creatures before they were affected by the light. Simultaneously, records were taken by a surface ship to indicate acoustically the position of the saucer with respect to the scattering layer. This technique proved to be highly successful and enough animals were identified to give considerable confidence to previous speculations on the composition of the layer. Small fish, known as mctophids, sometimes called lanternfish, were the main component. In addition, squid were observed feeding on the lanternfish. A second component of the scattering layer was found to be bisonic siphonophores similar to this large jellyfish-like colony. In addition to information on the scattering layer, a considerable amount of data was gathered concerning the nature of strong discreek reflectors of biological origin, but which gives signatures that could be confused with foreign objects invading the environment. An interesting incidental observation during these dives was the discovery of a possible new form of flounder, temporarily named Sally Rand, for obvious reasons. The dive series ended in April 1965. It was the unqualified opinion of all scientific observers that the series was a distinct success. It was also concluded that mid-depth submersibles were extremely useful in making physical oceanographic, geologic, and biologic investigations. In addition to the 21 dives made by NEL oceanographers, investigations were made with Navy Electronics Lab to install the equipment during dives when an NEL scientist could not be the observer. Underwater electromagnetic propagation was investigated in this manner. When operating in foreign waters, the laboratory extended the courtesy of participation in the diving program to foreign scientists. The director of the Geological Institute of Mexico at the University of Mexico, Dr. Guillermo T. Solis, made a dive off Cape Sand Lucas, which was especially interesting and profitable. Cooperative use was made of the observations and the gathered data. New research, mid-depth submersibles, with extended capability and submergence time, distance, and speed are continually being developed. New equipment and systems to take advantage of these capabilities are being planned for a future assault on scientific problems which could not even be considered a few years ago. Scientists of the Marine Environment Division of the Navy Electronics Laboratory anticipate greater accomplishments as the depth barriers for underwater observations are steadily pushed back. Routine examination of the sea floor and of the ocean mid-depths will then become a reality rather than just a dream.


Hello everyone and welcome. This is Melissa Armo with the Stock Swoosh Reviewing Apple. Nice solid lift here today and Apple actually looks like, what is this doing here in the after hours? Well, we closed at $266.42. This is about, this is about just even Steven here neutral. But anyways, Apple's trying to make a brand new Altim High, which it could do tomorrow. We could have a one two here, market Apple, some nice bullish moods right for the holiday. $268 was looking for that $270 number. $270 is in sight. $270 is definitely in sight for this. So I mean, so I called $262.50 calls today. You could have taken the trade and got out today. You could be in it until tomorrow. I mean, this market is very bullish right now. There's, I said it a week ago, you have to respect this bullishness in the market. You got to, you got to respect the strength. So this, I made every single trade that I called today in the options newsletter worked. You could have taken them and got out of all of them today. You could have taken them, got out of half and held the rest. You could have done so many different things, but some really nice calls. And I saw the market would make brand new Altim Highs today in the pre-market. I saw it when I get out of bed this morning. So really nice move on Apple. And it's been very interesting, very interesting to see where we go for the month of December. It's really going to be quite a month. Last week in November here. Happy Thanksgiving everyone. If you'd like to sign up for the options newsletter, email me at Melissa at thestockswish.com. If you'd like to sign up for the Golden Gap course for December, email me at Melissa at thestockswish.com. The last class of the year, December 14th and 15th. And you'll learn how I find these gaps and how I know that something's going to happen before it does. How did I know the market was going to make a new high today or Apple? How did I know HD was lower? I mean, it's because I'm reading the gap and I'm reading it so early, early in the pre-market. Have a great holiday everyone.


What's up everybody once again it's Brandon man Sean and today we got to talk about something that artists tell themselves a lot that isn't quite true. And it's not just artists, it's creatives in general. We're talking about limitations. So many artists say they don't like limitations, so many artists say they don't like boxes. How is this true? These boxes are the things that make creativity happen.  So many artists say that they don't like deadlines, so many artists say they can't do certain things in a certain amount of time, but we all know and we've all experienced procrastination, right? We'll not do something, but then all of a sudden in this crunch time we get it together and we start to do things that we might not have even thought of before our creativity gets going. So you really have to look at deadlines as a tool, something that you can appreciate. Which are own deadlines because what that's going to do is for you to create and move on. Remember that limitations are truly the mother of creativity. We would not have airplanes if we could fly. But because we can't fly we say hey yo we got to figure out something to allow us to be able to do that because birds look like they having fun. Meanwhile birds are probably looking at us like y'all lame y'all inferior like we just do this we just do this. Invite is boundaries are your friend artists boundaries are your friends creative. That's the reason we have airplanes. That's the reason black people made soul food they just took all they had to work with. That's the reason we make such cool styles with our clothes when we don't have a lot of money. Because the truth is when you're forced to work with only what's in your hand often times something beautiful happens. Invite boundaries. See what it causes you to create. Think about the fact that T Aero Wack did a 15 song project and each song was one minute. You don't think that forced her to do things that she never would have did if she had three minutes for each song. You don't have to use those parameters but experiment with what you can do when you impose your own limitations on yourself. And I'd love to hear your thoughts on this and even some of your own experiences when you did this to yourself and came out with something interesting. And as I've mentioned again I will be answering questions every Sunday for the rest of 2018 on Instagram so follow me at brandmanshawn. Other than that if you like this video go hit that like button if you like it you might as well share it and if you're not subscribed you know what to do hit that subscribe.


Today is Wednesday, the 10th of September, and I'm going to be reporting on what has happened, not so much in the park because we are bogged down in negotiations on the text. We've only got a very slow progress. They are negotiating on text, but they're very, very slow. We may go well into the night tonight, and well into the night tomorrow, and perhaps the ministers might be engaged at some point either later today or tomorrow. But I'm going to now talk about another off-site event that took place, which is the Africa Clean Death event. This is a program jointly run by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, and it's about taking the fund to support primarily climate services and climate information to feed into adaptation to climate change in the continent of Africa. They did a call for proposals where they got over 165 proposals from all over Africa, and yesterday they announced the winner of the first award of research grant. They also announced a one million dollar program for fellowships for young researchers in Africa. This is going to be a significant, improved winter in housing capacity, scientific capacity in Africa. It was attended by African ministers and various other negotiators. I was invited to say a few words on South-South cooperation, not just within Africa, but across Africa and Asia, having done a fair amount of South-South capacity building at my center in Bangladesh, the International Center for Climate Change and Development, and it was quite gratifying to have a number of alumni present at that data dialogue. So one of the things that happens at these clubs is a lot of parallel events take place, cultural events take place, big marches in the city of Lima today as well, and various other occasions take place at the same time. The Clean Death Africa event is a significant event, particularly for the country of Africa, and it's good to see it finally getting launched going into operation.


All right, welcome back everybody. So I just want to introduce our next session. This is Neoto Yamaguchi, but we call him Dr. Y, because he is the doctor of informatics. So we must bow to him. He's always first class. Take it away, Dr. Y. Thank you, Wots. Today, I'm talking about a case study for resource control in embedded Linux container integration. It's an agile, intimate class expert group activity. So at first, I introduced to the who am I. My name is Neoto Yamaguchi from Icing Corporation. So first information is Icing Corporation, so head office in Japan, Kariya City, ICHIP Pure Picture. Manufacturing and sales of automotive parts and energy and lifestyle-related products. My career is received a doctor of informatics in 27. And automotive, real-time OS, a proton software engineer since 27. And Linux proton software engineer since 2011. And one information is my company is Icing AW. But Icing AW is combined to Icing City. A new company name is Icing Corporation. So my history of the open-source community is joined to Azure in 2013. And I've been involved with Azure Inc. spent cluster expert group since 2019. It's my information. So this slide shows today's presentation outline. At first, I talked about the background, the overview of our target systems. Second section presents the technical concept. So this section talking about the technical detail for our Linux container integration. So third point is case study for the resource control. It's the main topic of this presentation. And finally, I will conclude. So first point is the background. So Azure Inc. spent cluster expert group launched 2019. So this expert group motivation is create a base platform for incident cluster, not a platform based on the conventional RBI. There are different system requirements between RBI and the cluster. For example, functional safety is required, boot time required, and another many requirements is required. So this platform is built from open-source technology. It's our big motivation. So this means a need to independent from existing proprietary software component. And a need to be able to choose open-source software component or proprietary software component. Oops. So this slide shows our generic system design. So generic system design for ICG works. So incident cluster and RBI into one systems, this one. And incident cluster is required to functional safety. It's a big differential point of the RBI. So characteristics for these systems. Connecting to one or more displays. Connecting the speakers. And connecting to phone by Bluetooth, USB, and Wi-Fi. This one. And connecting to USB devices. Connecting to onboard of both sensor devices, such as the I2C UART, SPI connection. This one. And connecting to other in-vehicle ECU by CAN, Incarnate, and et cetera. This one. It's our generic system design. So FAT, FAT has a product development issue. So this issue is a quality and a robustness. First point is the functional safety. So incident cluster is typically required to the SLB. So incident cluster has a telltale functions. This telltale shows a critical failure and information to driver. So next point is the quality management. There are separate quality requirements between incident cluster and RBI. So more detail is the next slide showing. So first point is the functional safety. So main function is a very function of our systems. This one. So it requires advanced quality management, open innovation, cybersecurity, and et cetera. Another part is the functional safety. Ancient as a vehicle safety. So this part is a FAT function does it including. So FAT is a safety function. Which operating system use the safety function side? And which communication method do you use? It's a big issue for our system design. So first point is we use isolation method between main function and the safety function. So this method is using the hardware separation or using the hypervisor, software-based hypervisor or not. So it's a highly dependent to your system design. So incident cluster approach is the first point is the safety and approach. And the main target is the main function side. So parts between RBI and the incident cluster. There are many parts in the automotive system. It's a RBI and the incident cluster. So RBI side require to the rapid innovation. That means a new future is added. Short-term development is required. And the rapid bug fixes are needed. On the other hand, incident cluster requires advanced quality management. That means a full-panced coverage testing is required to the software side. And the formal verification is required. And carefully bug fixes are needed. It's two software stack parcels. Another one is the various function requires the RBI side. So many play installs the application. And the application installs from store. It's a RBI software stack typical requirement. On the other hand, incident cluster side need the selected functions. It's a big puzzle for between these two software stack. So we define the QM isolation of method. That detail is our answer to the puzzle issue is one more isolation method, which takes one more layer to isolate the function by using the Linux container technology. So each software's development on quality management level. This part developed by the incident cluster level quality management. Another RBI side is the RBI level quality management is the requirements. Then all software integrated the mix into one big software stack. So their requirement will cross-propagate around one big software stack. Our approach is isolate each software stack using the Linux container technology. We call this concept is a QM isolation. So next is a technical concept of our integration technology. So at first I share the first information of the Linux container. So Linux container is operating system level virtualization method. So running a multiple isolated Linux system is a container or host using a single React kernel. So that detail is isolate a root file system on Linux kernel by using the change route. Control resource by using C groups and hide resource from other container by using the name species. Linux container is a strong point in embedded environment. So Linux container requires only a Linux BSP, not require to the extra BSP, such as the hypervisor or another virtualization method. So no need to additional virtualization driver development because each driver can easy to share each guests. And can integrate container based system over hypervisor. That means container integration stay on the hypervisor, low layer isolation method using the hypervisor high level isolation method using a container. It's easy to integrate. So technical detail for the QM isolation. It's more detail of the integration. Software stack isolation is a we think so should separate root file system between instrument cluster and everywhere. It's a QM isolation first concept. So instrument cluster side built by high quality assurance software will not change after SOP without critical fix. On the other hand, IVI is built by standard software. It will change after SOP to use upper grade function because typical instrument cluster software stack not increasing the Wi-Fi function, not having security issue and it's a low risk. On the other hand, IVI side typically having the Wi-Fi and another outside communication method. It causes many cybersecurity issues. So relax container realize root file system isolation. That means easy to upgrade IVI side user and binaries. So next is computing resource isolation. CPU shielding based isolation using the CPU group CPU set. It realized isolated scheduling class from instrument cluster container. We can use real-time scheduling isolated from other containers. That detail shows that this figures. So cluster budget assigns CPU cores to CPU cores using the CPU set C groups. IVI side budgeting from two to five cores. And memory resource isolation. Memory budget guarantee using the C groups memory. This detail shows that this figures. So Linux container strong point is easy to rebalance things. It's a strong point. Next is the display isolation and the sharing. Cluster and IVI have separate requirement. So cluster UI require to the high frame rate. IVI UI is difficult to control during timing for each of the apps this side. So QMI solution technology selected separate composter architecture. Cluster side having one composter and IVI side having the one composter. So it realized isolated composter frame updates timing between cluster and IVI. Final point is the height resource from other containers. IVI container has connections and connectivity device such as Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, and more devices. It's a cybersecurity point of view. This device should insert into the container and height to the other container. So it realized easy to realize using the network name spaces. And the mountain name spaces realized is a character under block device hiding. So it's a relaxed container strong point. So third point is a case study for resource control. So it's a more detail of the technical concept part. So target use case is an instrument cluster is a most high-level critical part of the disk system. Shall possible to use a real-time scheduling inside the container. So internal properties, priorities of own container should not affect other containers. And shall protect a budget from CPU overload at the other containers. That means overloading. If overloads the IVI container size, shall be protect cluster container side CPU budget. And shall keep stable operation operating environment. So avoid the co-migration in heterogeneous CPU topology environment. So this figure shows the effectiveness environment. It's using the R-Core 8.3. It's Azure rehearse hardware. In this case, so for high-performance core is having. And for high-performance core, low-performance core is having. In this case, so should be set the high-performance or low-performance core shall to keep a stable operation environment. So our design goal as shown. So requirement is a shall push to use a real-time scheduling inside the container. So development item is a real-time capability support. Why need this point? So instrument cluster require to real-time scheduling using to keep keeping the frame update rate. And IVI side require to use a real-time scheduling to use, for example, audio management and the mixing. Because this part is a typical high rate and low-latency operation is required, typically need to require to the real-time priorities. So existing knowledge of this design, so Linux kernel is already supported the real-time scheduling. In container environment, it is possible to use a real-time group scheduling that realize real-time budget control. And this functionality provide by the CPU of C groups. So next point is this selection. So requirement is a shall protect CPU budget from CPU overload from other container. And shall keep stable operating environment. So this point is a development item is a CPU shielding technology support. If I need this point, so the instrument cluster function must be protected other functions in case of other container overloading by DOS attack and non-bugs and other issues. When the execution context migrate from high-performance core to low-performance core in heterogeneous CPU topology environment, that execution time will be getting wrong. So existing knowledge is the most easy way for computing resource control is the CPU core, the CPU core binding to guest container. It provides a power container real-time property design, not require to the system-wide priority design. Because a system computing resources divide and isolate per core by schedule. Cluster normal priority thread is not overlocked by the high-priority thread. This functionality is provided by CPU set subsystem of C-groups. So this slide shows the detail of the key technology. So what is the real-time group scheduling? So it's a part of the C-groups feature depend to this configuration. So this feature are real-time to CPU time allocation for each real-time groups.  And it's 100% of the systems. And this figure defines the three sub-groups. 50% allocates the real-time group one and 30% allocates the real-time group two. It's easy to configure it. So this feature are real-time to CPU time allocation for each real-time groups. That allocated time can be used as exclusivity of by own groups. The other real-time group cannot use this budgeting time. But it has a limitation. The total of the real-time budget must be set lower than 100%. For example, group one is 90% and group two have 10%. It's okay, but group two is 50% is not okay. It's a limit of distraction of this feature. So next is CPU shielding technology. What is the CPU set it require to this kernel configuration? It's a part of the C groups of the future. It provides a mechanism for assigning to a set of the CPU and the memory node a set of tasks. This case study use only a CPU side. For example, total resource is for cores. One core assign to the CPU set group one and the two core set in the C groups two. So in case of the LXC based container, this CPU set groups is created per container. So this slide shows that resource assignment design goal. So core assignment is a one high-performance core assigned to the instrument cluster side. Two high-performance core assigned to RBS side. Other cores don't care. Real-time budget is an instrument cluster get a real-time budget 12.5% of the system. This one. That aim to use fully one core one core resources. So I've assigned get a real-time budget 25% of the systems. That aim to use fully two cores. And the core assignment is this solution. So our initial configuration is this solution. So CPU core zero assigned to the cluster and the IVI two cores. So kernel sketched real-time payload setting the disk parameters. And the real-time budget distributed disk parameters. So evaluate to the initial configuration. Evaluate to the initial configuration is a condition is a real-time inflate loop thread run in the cluster just to calculate CPU usage. Get CPU usage by ProcPS top command. First result of the test case one. This one. So RT inflate loop thread limited 12% of the CPU usage. Not cannot use 100%. Second test case is this right shown. If real-time budget fully assigned to the instrument cluster side, in this case so configuration is this one. That inflate loop thread possible to use 100% of the CPU but cannot use the other CPU, the real-time priority budget. Because it's a limitation of the RT sketched group scheduling. The issue of this evaluation result. The maximum RT budget of the C-group is 100%. Total of all guest budget must be set less than 100%. When cluster guest require to the 100% budget of the one CPU. Other guest can't use the real-time scheduling. So consideration for the evaluation result. So CPU RT payload setting means total payload of the all cores. It's expected to be heavier. And RT line time microsec indicated the total line time of the all cores. But actual behavior is another behavior. So RT payload is the indicated total payload per cores. And line time is a similar per core limitation. So that means so RT group scheduling is conflicting the CPU shielding design. If we use the CPU shielding design there are RT scheduling only to use our own guest container. So how to fix these issues? Consideration for RT group scheduling. When we do not use the combination with CPU set CPU. It's a good solution for RT scheduling configuration. So per core runtime restriction is equal system runtime restriction. That is achieved the combination with core migration. Detail shows this a figure. When we use it combination with the CPU set CPU. It's not a good solution for RT scheduling configuration. That means so CPU shielding using the CPU shielding technology cannot migrate RT thread to other cores. That's detail as this figure shows. As a result, our new strategy is not use RT group scheduling features. So this ratio is a second configuration of our design. Core assignment is similar to previous design. A real-time budget only to set the system-wide limitation and disabling the RT group scheduling feature. So not set the copper container real-time scheduling restriction. And free from restriction for RT group scheduling. That means all subgroup budget need to have less than 100% this one. So evaluation to the second configuration. So condition is similar to previous evaluation. So result of the test case three. So RT infinite group thread possible to use a 100% of the CPU usage. RBSR is a similar. And the test of case four, it's a sketched RR based infrared loop because I want to run the two real-time scheduling, real-time scheduling best thread. So RT infinite loop thread can use the 5% of the, 1.5% of the one CPU. And one more thread can use half of the CPU usage. So under this result shows RT infinite loop thread did not affect other guests. So evaluation result is this configuration realize our design goal. So configuration for the evaluation result. So expected behavior for new design, as I shown. So all CPUs are restricted, only a kernel sketch RT payload, micro-sec and the schedule runtime, micro-sec. I guess container configuration is free from restriction of the RT group scheduling. That mean possible to set 100% real-time budget of each guest container. So actual behavior for new design, cluster guests and other guests possible to use a 100% of the own CPU course. So final consideration. So after the disabling the config RT group sketch, guest container configuration is free from restriction for the RT group scheduling. One guest do not affect other guests by CPU-CPU set. So this slideshow that can study for this development. So target use case is a protect CPU resource for instrument cluster from other features. And provide stable runtime environment to instrument cluster. Our design goal is a CPU co-isolation with real-time capability for each guest container. And the issue is that did not realize a design goal by existing knowledge-based design. That means RT group sketch is conflicting is a CPU scheduling design. So new knowledge of this development. When we want to use the real-time scheduling, more the two guest container with CPU scheduling design, more better solution is disabling CPU RT group scheduling. When you use this design, we recommend it to set kernel restriction rate is 19.5% or more lower rate avoid some kernel errors.  So need to decrease 0.5% of the CPU usage. So that rate is dependent on your final system design. Final slideshow the conclusion. About this presentation, I talking about the azure instrument cluster is background and target systems and share our QMI solution concept. Share the case study for CPU resource control based QMI solution concept. So that information is defined to design goal and design and evaluate and consideration for the result and the improvement design and evaluate it. And the fact is that it's a contents of this point. Our future work is a continue to work, how to realize as a use case support improvement embedded Linux container usage. And one more note is other development work such as a USB device management on a use Linux container environment and some character device support and more device support work. So pre-check Azure MM this year's spring presentation. And this slide showing this link. That's all. Thank you for joining my presentation. Have a question or comments? Yeah, please wait for the microphone. Hi. Thanks for the presentation. Have you compared using GPU instead of, you know, separating one core for the display, the critical display systems because I was thinking if you use Vulkan or something like that and using these scripts, the GPU could update the display all the time and then you could just feed in new parameters to the scripts for the GPU as needed so that then you wouldn't have to, you know, wiggle with the resources of the CPU. Yeah. GPU is a good question. So currently we work to the CPU under... Please wait. We are developing the DR and RIS technology. It's already upstream of Azure. So it's a reality to the display device separation but the GPU separation is highly dependent to GPU architecture. So for example, one hour, your SOC have is two GPU, easy to separate and draw GPU or GPU resource and not protect the overload but the typical GPU not having the only one. In this case, we need to use virtualization technology. So this point is I need to develop extra development. Thank you. In RUNASA's case, in our trial development case, so it means RUNASA's case. It's having the GPU command priority realization. I try to use this point and I evaluate this but currently not provide more detail because it's having the more NDE-based information. It's included. So need to check a document of a GPU document. Need to check your GPU document. Yes, hello. Thank you for the presentation. Yes, I wanted to ask about the... You mentioned with you use namespaces for resource isolation within containers but if they have... So if a container has access to a kernel model, doesn't that affect also... Could affect also other containers? Yeah, so namespaces are easy to divide the resources. So network namespaces are completely hinders other names, other cases because a typical container design not shares a network namespace. If you use a network space and can separate the Wi-Fi device, it's a network device and some network-based devices. But all of the network devices not supporting the network namespace. One of the issues is the BlueZ. It's not supporting the network namespace. Okay, so it's only divides the resource by namespace because the other containers will not be able to access it but the usage of the module itself can actually access memory from other resources, right? From other containers. Your question is... Device separation is only... My design is device separation only to use namespace or not. The character device is only visible to one container? Yeah, yes, it's a typical case. That's right. For example, GPU case is used to contain us. Yeah, okay, thank you. All right, thank you. Thank you.


Paysafe has recently announced a new partnership Okay, and this is massive for the stock and we're going to go through why we're gonna go through some of the research about this And what does this actually mean for the stock? So I don't just want to read off what it's saying in terms of the announcement I want to do a bit of analysis on what it means as a stock for the stock going forward as well I'm very big into this stock in terms of what I've got for this And I think that this stock is going to be very very promising in the coming months Okay, and we'll go through why that is but mainly we're going to focus on the recent news I've got to say that I'm not a financial advisor I do teach business in my daily life, but I'm by no means an expert on the stock market So you know do your own research and everything like that as I'm sure everybody's doing also if you leave a like on the video That'll be much appreciated It helps out in the YouTube algorithm as a small channel now I'm really you've only got was it 1,300 subscribers. We have been going quite fast though So thank you for everybody who's supporting the channel But as a small channel any sort of likes that you leave in the video do help it out in terms of getting it up there in the search results Okay, and that'd be fantastic. So in this we'll go through BFT in the peer safe, which is a SPAT merger BFT It's a SPAT merger and some of the recent partnerships that I've been announced. Okay based upon this the safe so first of all they've actually Recently announced and this is on their website Paysafe website so platform provider for us sports books will leverage pay safe technology to offer expansive payment services to clients in regulated states So pay safe a leading integrated payments platform today announced a new partnership with a Melco a top Provider of white label turnkey solutions to the global gaming industry the partnership will see a Melco integrate pay safes Unified technology into its player account Management system to provide us sportbook clients with a full suite of traditional and alternative payment methods for a single streamlined into this Melco is founded in 2006. So this company's been been around a while and it's been growing itself This is a massive partnership. This isn't just some side sort of them, you know bit of a mini partnership This is a massive partnership and we have seen the stock price increase recently as well There's a steadily growing its presence in the global gaming scene and as we say the global gaming The gaming scene itself is constantly growing which means there's potential for more payments to be made Under the pay safe platform because of this Okay, the last two years. I've seen the provider expand into the US regulated markets receiving its new Jersey software Supplier license in 2018. Okay, so that's that's really important in terms of gambling being allowed out more and more Providing more potential opportunity So to support this growing presence and reinforce its status as a leading provider of turnkey solutions A Melco will leverage persuasive comprehensive payments technology to fill a facility all its Clients with the US online sports betting market and as we say the betting market is growing in America because of the Relaxation on rules when it comes to gambling and as more states approve this then the more potential for Melco to grow But with this partnership then that actually has an open impact on the pay safe as well a positive knock on impact Operators that adopt the Melco platform platform will be able to offer their customers a complete range of deposit And withdrawal option to tailor to their specific needs. These include in terms of screel digital wallet Paces e-cash services such as pay safe card and additional solutions So ultimately they're integrating the software of pay safe and you know What they do as a business into a Melco to provide those payment solution options Which is brilliant because it means that pay safe is going to benefit from that Okay, and we'll go into why as we say the our gaming landscape is changing and it's also growing as well So this is a good partnership because it helps out birth companies It's probably going to be a long-term partnership I would imagine because pay safe can offer that set there there what they do as a service to a Melco and Obviously that can build that long-term strategic partnership and not just a short-term partnership there Okay, and just for a couple of quotes here that was mentioned here So we got the director of business development at iGaming for pay safe. So what did they say about this particular? partnership so our partnership with a Melco represents an important opportunity for pay safe to expand and As investors we like the words expand our footprint in the US iGaming and sports betting space and Reflects the importance of developing cutting-edge solutions for the market's players account management systems We look forward to collaborating with their team providing guidance on best practices and working to deliver a liable and secure customers payment experience and And then you got an out the Melco obviously given their statement in terms of happy to be working with them and Adding flexibility new payment methods Etc. So ultimately it's It's a value-added experience for both parties here You know Pay safe are going to get more customers and revenue from this and Melco are getting another payment solution that adds flexibility So it's a it's a strategic partnership that benefits both So that's what we like to see in partnerships is that it's actually benefits both It's mutually beneficial because ultimately what that leads to is long-term partnerships and not just you know Just a partnership for a few months It's this is hopefully going to be for long term Which is why it's huge because you can imagine over the long term as the companies grow that becomes very valuable Okay, and that's why partly it's big. Okay, but what does this mean? So ultimately it helps build upon the competitive advantage of pay safe They're establishing themselves in this eye gaming sector as a payment solution in terms of the FinTech industry Okay, so they're building competitive advantage They're also building the brand that becoming more prevalent in a wide range of industries particularly the eye gaming sector Which is a growing sector and they're building up their brand pay safe, you know through these partnerships And ultimately they're reaching more potential Customers or users of their service and as they do that then obviously that helps towards profitability Which is really important There just a little bit about pay safe if you aren't familiar with them. So the ticker is BFT pay safe They're sitting around 1440 something last time I checked on the stock market This stocks going to double or triple over the next two to three once again I'm not a financial advisor, but I've got a big high hopes for this stock I think that this is going to go Do very well is in the FinTech industry a growing industry in terms of that It's it's involved in eye gaming in terms of that growing industry Our Invest is very big on FinTech the FinTech industry in terms of the growth of this The building these strategic partnerships like the one just recently announced There's so much going for this company that I think that it's got a good potential Here so here is its business at scale Leading insecurity in the connections you need so whether you run a local restaurant or global software platform We have a payment solution that helps you grow choose a wide menu of services designed for big ambitions So it's a FinTech product financial kind of service product That helps with payment solutions, okay And the good thing about them is they're really putting in into effort in terms of the flexibility of the products And what can the product can be used for as well? So it's good what they're doing there. Anyway, so I just wanted to give you a bit of quick update on BFT I think this stock upon this news is going to go up significantly I think it is going to double or triple within the next couple of months and that's what I believe so far So thank you for watching this video leave the video like it helps out on the YouTube algorithm as I always say and that's that'll be really much Appreciate it. It'd be fantastic if you can do that. Thanks to all the new subscribers recently We're growing fast and if you haven't already, please hit that subscribe button and I'll see everybody in the next video


A fiery horse for the speed of light, a cloud of dust and a hearty high old silver, the lone ranger. The warfare between Indians and white men, which started in the early days of the western United States, continued long after the red men had signed treaties and retired due reservations. For the most part, the trouble was caused by renegades of both races, and it was the mashed rat of the plains who brought these outlaws to justice. Without his daring and resourcefulness, the frontier might never have settled down to peace and security. Without his strength and courage, the winning of the West might never have been accomplished. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. From out of the past come the thundering hoopbeats of the great horse Silver, the lone ranger, who rides again. Mary Winthrop, who had arrived at the ranch where Uncle Ezra Larkin, only the day before, left her room dressed for riding. She found her aunt Sarah in the living room and... Well, I'm all ready. Do you think these cars will do? Reckon so. I wasn't back home for riding, but I didn't know whether they'd be proper out west or not. You'll see nothing again. Well, Uncle Ezra, looking for one of the boys that ain't busy, I reckon. You're going to go gallivant and cross country, you'll have to have somebody along. Oh, but I didn't want to put anyone to any trouble. We can stand it. And Sarah, is there anything wrong? Wrong? What are you talking about, girl? The post sound just being silly, but it seemed to me as if... You won't take me foolish if I say it. Talk out, girl. Talk out. I suppose it's just my imagination, but it seemed to me as if... as if you're sorry I came to visit. Now, please don't think I... I can always welcome. If you want my opinion, you couldn't have come at a worse time. Oh. You didn't be offended. You asked me. I don't understand. You mean that I'm in the way? You are. Won't you tell me how? I'd better, I guess. Ezra won't. He always was one to keep his mouth shut. Says it saves hurting folks' feelings. I say if they got such all-fired tender feelings, trumping on them a might will toughen them up. Have I done anything wrong? It's nothing you can help, but I just thought it's going to be a chore looking out for you. You've been raised in the West, you'd say what I mean. Being as you want, I don't know if I can make it plain. If you'll tell me, I'll try to understand. You come out here with all kinds of fool notions about what this part of the country's like. I think it's grand. Uh-huh. It'll do. I ain't denying it's nice to look at. Nice to live in, too, once you know your way around. But it's a heap like some of that Spanish grub folks eat. It's tasty to them that's raised on it. Poison to them that ain't. Oh, but I can learn, Aunt Sarah. I think you can learn in just a few weeks how to tell when the engines are laying for you behind cover. Indian? That's what I said. But why? Where? It might be anywhere. They on the rise, waiting for you in the woods, lurking behind some brush. They're like snakes. You never see them on them. You mean there's really danger from Indians around here? Plenty. But I thought they were friendly Indians. They told me on the stage the only Indians nearby were reservation Indians. Reservation. A girl to a red skin or reservation is just something to get off of. But I thought that's just it. You don't know. I'll tell you something. It's been almost a year now since Sarah's rode anywhere on the range without having one of his men along. Why? Because he hankers to keep his scalp. But why should there be trouble? It's easy. Yes. Red skins, like other folks, they like to eat. Can't hunt buffalo no more, so Uncle Sam's supposed to feed him. They're issued beef rations. Only I reckon if the truth were told they don't get half what they promised. So they sneak off the reservation and steal cows from cattlemen. If they're hungry, you can't blame them. But when crime steers, they're worth over $40 a head. Neither can you blame the cattlemen for being all mighty head up about it. Oh. Got to the point where every time a cattleman sees a red skin on his range, he lets fly. And every time them red skins, he's one of us can't defend himself. They have their selves a time. Oh, that's terrible. Well, take peaceful. And here you are. You're new here. You can't be expected to stay to home all the time. You want to see what the country's like. Right now you're all fixed to go riding.  You mean I should go home? You could do worse. Oh, I can. Why not? But I saved for three years to have money enough to make this trip. If I go home now, I may never be able to come west again. Well, I said you're welcome. I just told you the fact. I don't believe it can be as bad as you've said. No, I didn't think you would. Anyway, I'm not afraid. And I'll be careful. It'll pay you. Unless you don't want me here. If that's... Oh, hush girl. Keep on. You'll be talking nonsense. It comes asery. I reckon he's ready for you. Hi there. I got your horse saddle, Mary. Come on. Thank you, uncle. I won't ride far on Sarah. And I will be careful. Your name, sis? That's right, miss.  Sure not. Fact is, I think it kind of like it. Then, uh, Cliff, tell me something. Huh? Uncle Ezra sent you along with me just to see that I didn't get lost, didn't he? What do you mean? It wasn't because there's danger from Indians or anything like that, was it? Well... Was it? Miss, I'll tell you the truth. Ezra said I shouldn't mention it because he didn't want you scared. But that's exactly why I'm with you. An icon of redskins. I'm gonna see you ain't harmed. We've been riding for two hours and we haven't seen a one. If there was any handy, you wouldn't either. Lesson they wanted you to.  What makes you think I ain't? How far are those hills? Then? Oh, about ten miles, why? From here to those hills, the grounds are flat at the table. And there's not a single tree. How could anyone keep from sight in a country like this? Indians handy. No, I know you're joking. There's no such thing, miss. You are? Oh, I've heard how you wettens play jokes on us newcomers. I'll tell you. And I'll bet Aunt Sarah puts you up to it. My Indians couldn't possibly hide around here. They... Why, it would be like trying to hide right out in plain view. Cliff, I'll raise you to that patch of brush ahead. Oh, no, miss. Listen, we've rode too far already. We've got to turn back. Still trying to frighten me? Miss, I mean it.  Now, look... Just to that brush. Come on. Hey!   Don't do that. Come back here. Hey! Well, I'll be... Get up, Ron.  Get up there. It's a long trail. Suddenly, a volley of shots rang out. Hold on. Hold on. Hold on. Hold on. Hold on. Hold on. Hear that? Now, miss me. Trouble. Huh? Those shots are coming from beyond that rise. Let's go. Get them on. Come on. Come on. Go now. I don't know how to thank you. I never dreamed Indians could be hiding in this brush. It just didn't seem possible. If you hadn't come along just when you did... Them bad Indians. Me, friend, white man. What's your name? Me, Swift Eagle. Yeah? Swift Eagle? Oh, then you must be all running elk, son. Huh? Running elk? He's the chief of the reservation engine. He's quite a fella from what I hear. Oh. Manitaku Mapo. What do you think? He says him and his friends are going. Well, Swift Eagle, thanks again. You and your parts came in right handy. That's all right. And I'll tell my uncle what you told me, Swift Eagle. I'm sure he wants peace just as badly as you do. I know he'll talk to you. That's good. Latu! Latu! Hey, Grant. Huh? Who? Why, Swift Eagle, of course. Look how he carries himself. And the way he let his friends and those Indians who tried to get his... He wasn't the least bit afraid. We was mighty lucky, miss. Cliff, I'm so sorry. You were right and I was wrong. I guess I was just too pigheaded to take advice. I promise I'll never do anything like this again, on my word of honor. Hey. What? More company. Will doggone. Cliff, isn't that man mad? Of course he is. An aqua. We better be hightailing out of here. All right. Hold on, man. Now hold it, miss. No good to run now. Maybe get away from them horses that they don't want us to. What did they want? A lot of cash, most likely. Now don't get scared. Just let me handle this. Howdy! Oh, hold on a minute. Hold on a minute. Hold on a minute. Hold on a minute. We heard shots. Looks as though the trouble's over now. Yes. I mean some stride to ambush us.  It was kind of touch and go for a couple of minutes there, but no harm done. I'm glad to hear it. You say those Indians helped you? Uh-huh. Came along just when it was needed. I thought that fellow in the lead looked like Swift Eagle. You know him? I do. Isn't he wonderful? He's a renegade. What? His father's a fine man, but Swift Eagle is treacherous and dishonest. He and his followers were thrown out of the tribe months ago. Stranger, you know that to be a fact? Yes. I don't believe it. No? He saved our lives. He said himself he wanted peace between the white men and his people. I don't think he is a renegade. You're just jealous. Jealous? Because in spite of the fact his skin is red, Swift Eagle is brave and good while you're white in an outlaw. Am I? If you were, if you weren't, you wouldn't be mad. No, now take it easy, miss. I don't. I don't have to. I'll tell you just what I think of him. He doesn't like it. He can't do anything but steal a little money we've got.  Sure. What was your opinion of Swift Eagle? My opinion? Well, Stranger, I'll tell you. I know he's run an elk's son and that's all. He's a renegade like you say, then I never heard of it. He is. There's this one. When somebody does me a favor, he's my friend. It don't matter what other folks think of him. He's all right with me. He proves different. I see. Like Miss Winthrop just said, Swift Eagle saved our lives. Man, can't we have bigger favor than that? I reckon that tells you what I stand. It does. There's just one thing. Yeah? I hope you don't have cause to regret it later. Come, Tutter. Get him out of here. Come on, Tutter. Come on, Tutter. Come on, Tutter. Come on, Tutter. Come on, Tutter. Come on, Tutter. Come on, Tutter. Come on. Well done, Tutter. Come on, Tutter. Let's just return to this little office house. Mary told us that what had happened. And repeated her conversation with Swift Eagle. So Swift Eagle said he wouldn't have talked with me. Yes, uncle. He did, but why does he want to see me alone? Surely you can understand that, and Sarah told me all the trouble and suspicion there's been. Swift Eagle wants peace and believes that an honest talk will iron out the difficulty, but he doesn't want to Oh, that means instruct me as being straight, boss. And you can't get around the fact we wouldn't be here for one for him. If a man acts friendly, I take it he is friendly. Well, you say he'd meet me. If you consent, at the foot of vigilante bluff. I don't know where that is, but I suppose you do. Swiss Digger will ride there alone tomorrow night. If you're not there, you'll return again the next night. If you don't meet him either time, you'll take us for granted. It suits your purpose for this trouble to continue. That kind of puts it right up to me. It does. If I go, maybe it'll turn out to be just a trap. But if I don't and the stealing goes on, then it could be said it's my fault, because I wouldn't try to stop it when it could. Well, that's the situation, Mary. You still figure I ought to take Swiss Digger up on this? I do, Uncle. Cleve. Well, boss, I don't see one, huh? What do you say, Sarah? Don't go, Esri. If Ed Redskin wants to parley, let it be with somebody else. But, honey, folks around here kind of look to me to take a lead in things. I still say don't go. I don't know. Please, Uncle Esri. I honestly think you should. I sort of figure that way myself. You're going? Yes, Sarah. I reckon I will. Esri. Huh? We'll all be sorry for this. You mark my words. The curtain falls on the first act of our Lone Ranger story. Before the next exciting scenes, please permit us to pause for just a few moments. How to continue our story. Ezra Larkin felt at his duty to accept Swift Eagle's proposition. He rode for vigilante bluff that same night, and he made only one concession to his wife's fear for his safety. Cleve was permitted to follow him at a distance. Hours passed. At the ranch house, Mary and Sarah waited anxiously for Ezra's return. Stop it! Well, I quit that rockin'. It's enough to drive a body local. I'm sorry, Aunt Sarah. I don't see Ezra get back. He won't be much longer. I'm sure he won't. How can you be sure? I just am, that's all. Why shouldn't Uncle Ezra be safe? Swift Eagle won't harm her. Of course you don't know about engines that'll take a year to write out. But I... Come and hear while you're just in the way. Persuading Ezra to do things you ought to have more sense than to do. I wish you'd stay at home where you belong. Please, Aunt Sarah, let's not quarrel. I can understand how you feel. Of course you're nervous. I am, too. Even though I'm certain everything's going to be all right. But there's no reason why we should get angry with each other. You say I don't understand Indians. I don't, naturally. Not the way you do. But I wonder if you don't... Well, if you don't know too much about them.  Maybe you've forgotten that Indians are human just as we are. But maybe they have their good qualities, too. You did? Who's that? Uncle Ezra. I know it here. Do you see it alone? But I... There's just one horse stopped. Where's Cliff? I... Where's Ezra? Ma'am, it was just a trick. What? It was a trick and we fell forward like the fools we was. Swift Eagle took Ezra prisoner. That's where this whole stunt was for. Just so those varmints could get the boss in their hands. No. Swift Eagle wanted a loan. He had a pack of Redskins with him, hiding out of sight. Did they? Heard him? No, not so far as I could tell. One of the shots fired. They just up and grabbed the boss if I knew what was happening. And I tailed out of there. Cliff, here's some... Why didn't you stop it? Why are you here? What could I do, man? You... I had to stay a distance back or they'd have seen the boss worn alone and Swift Eagle wanted. Before I could have gotten range, it was long gone. Not only that, there was a dozen to my one. Man, there weren't a thing I could do. If they'd been, I'd have done it. Murder and heathens. Ma'am, this time they've gone too far. This time they're going to pay. When the rest of the cattlemen hear about this, they'll ride over to the reservation and teach them Redskins a lesson they won't ever forget. With your permission, now I'm leaving to see that they hear about it right now. Go on, Cliff. Get our neighbors. Tell them to come here. Yes, ma'am. And tell them to come armed. I'll do that. That's all right. I don't know what to say. You don't have to say nothing, girl. Well, I feel so... What you feel or why don't matter. There's just one thing you can do now, and you'd better do it pronto. Why? Get packed and go. They had no choice but to obey her aunt's command. She went to her room, closed the door behind her and began to pack. But suddenly a voice called to her from the open window. Mary. What? Come here. You, the masked man. Come here. What do you want? You've made a bad mistake. You thought me an outlaw and Swift Eagle a man to be trusted. Now you see the result of that mistake. How do you know what's happened? I suspected that Swift Eagle's rescue today might have been staged for your benefit. Both the Indians who attacked and those who came to your raid were members of the same band. The band that renegade Indians, Swift Eagle leads. But how? Tato and I followed them. We saw them seize your uncle. We know where he is at this very moment. You do? Yes. Then you can take the ranchers there. I'll tell Aunt Sarah. Wait. Not so fast. He's safe. I've come to no harm. But if I'd wanted the cattleman to ride after Swift Eagle, I'd have gone for them myself. You were going to let my uncle stay prisoner? Not for long. But why? Let me explain. The cattleman could free your uncle and capture Swift Eagle. But when they'd done that, the man behind this trouble would still be in the clear. The man behind this trouble? Yes. You mean there's someone directing Swift Eagle? Exactly. But who? Why? I suppose you know the ranchers of the district have been losing cattle. No, I told them. For some time, the Indians were held to blame. Lately, a number of the ranchers have been comparing notes. For one thing, the Norris far more cattle have been taken and the reservation Indians would have used for. Oh. When I investigated, I learned the only Indians ever seen stealing cattle were renegades traveling with Swift Eagle. Oh. Oh, I didn't know. And if I told you that this afternoon, you wouldn't have believed me anyhow. But forget that. What is certain is that someone is using Swift Eagle to rustle beef. I believe that person is a white man. What's more, I suspect his identity. Who? And I won't mention his name until I have complete proof of his guilt. But if that's so, he must have ordered Swift Eagle to trick Uncle Ezra. Yes. But why? What would he have to gain? I told you the ranchers were starting to compare notes and suspect more than they had at first. They were allowed to go on investigating calmly. They might arrive at the truth. Yes. But if something should occur, something similar to what happened at night when your uncle was captured, the ranchers would forget their suspicions of the rustler leader. And I believe that's a cause of this. The desire to set her anger upon the Indians, to make them drop any other suspicions they might hold. But what's that got to do with leaving Uncle with Swift Eagle? You'll do as I suggest. You'll learn that. Dude, as you suggest? You're in disgrace here. You held it full for Ezra's capture. I'm giving you the chance to redeem yourself. You mean I can help bring this man to justice? And help free your uncle at one and the same time. I can? I'll give you my word. I... Well? I'll do it. But what if... I think there's someone coming. There's no time to explain. I really wish to help get out of the house as quickly as you can. Saddle your horse and ride to that grove this side of the creek. I'll wait there. Adios. But can't you... Who are you talking to? I thought I had voices. It was no one, Aunt Sarah. I must have been talking to myself. Oh. Stop pecking, huh? Well, get on with it. No. Huh? What's that? I'm not going to peck. I'm going to stay. Stay here? I've changed my mind. If you want me to leave, you'll have to put me out. Although Sarah Larkins was furious at the girl's defiance, Mary made no further explanation, but slipped away from the house at her first opportunity and met the lone ranger at the grove. Two hours later, riding side by side, they approached the narrow mouth of a desolate canyon. They... They have Uncle in there? They have. And you're sure I'll be safe? Would you turn back if you thought you wouldn't be? Of course not. I'm not afraid. Good. It's my fault Uncle's their prisoner. So I'd go through with it anyhow. That's what I wanted you to say. As a matter of fact, you won't be in danger. No. Swift Eagle doesn't want to harm anyone. If he does, and something should go wrong, he's shrewd enough to realize he'd hang for it. But if something does happen, and Azra's been kept alive, he can always use the safe return of your uncle to bargain for his own escape. And the same applies to you. I see. Moreover, I'll keep you inside all the time without being seen myself. Todd will be with me. He should be waiting for us somewhere along here. We'll be able to handle any trouble that might occur. I'll trust you. You can. Who's that? Kimo Sabi. Hi. He's tunneled right up. Who? Who? Who's over there? Is Azra still safe, tunnel? Me, watch him. Him all right. Fine. Ready, Mary? Where are they? At the far end of the canyon. Look. You can see a faint glow there in those shadows. See? That... Their campfire. Not it. Ride straight to it. Don't let them see you fear anything. And tell them just what you've been told to say. I will. The sooner you get there, the better. Wish me luck. I do. But you've nothing to fear. Thank you. Get up, boy.  Come, tunnel. Ride slowly and keep to the shadows.  Come on, old fella. In the meantime, the news of Azra's capture had spread throughout the district. Every rancher and every one of their hands gathered in the living room of the Larkins Ranch House were cliff-demanded action. You fellas haven't asked them why them Redskins grab this. Well, I'll tell you why. It's because they figure he's the only one of us with any gumption. They figure without him to lead us, we won't have the nerve to fight back. They figure they'll have us beaten. They can go on helping themselves to our beef just like they've been doing. That's why I say there ain't but one thing to do. We have to teach them such a lesson. They won't forget it as long as they live, and we have to teach it to them now. If we're trained into the soldiers, this is something we have to handle for ourselves. If you're men, you'll ride to that reservation and hunt out them Redskins from one end to the other. And that's just what we aim to do. Running out's their key. We'll string you up for a lesson for the rest. And if they put up a fight, shoot him down. And don't forget, we're out to find Ezra and bring him back safe and sound if he ain't been killed. And if he has been killed, they'll have to pay just that much more. Now we're gonna leave in just a couple minutes, fellas. As cartridges are planning, your irons are ready for action. Anybody here don't crave to fight and stay at home.  You rotten concrete! What are you doing? Let me prove it. No, no, get back! Now you won't get me! Out of my way!  Get back! Why you... Quiet, sir. Tellers? Right here's a full cat that's been stealing our cows. Sure engines took them. Renegade engines. Swift eagles engines. But they took them cause this skunk paid them too. No, it's all lies! Let me go! Oh, still! Telling the truth, Ezra? You bet I am. How'd you find it out? Cause the mask fella here had too much sense to be took in like we was.  Mary, come here. Yes, Uncle. Look at her, gents. You know what she done? She rode right into the engine's camp and told him Cliff had squealed on him. She sure did. The mask fella had been suspicious and Cliff all along. He was sure of it. When Cliff took Mary right to where Swift Eagle could put on that fake rescuer he is. How did you get loose? We'd like to finish, honey. Mary told Swift Eagle, Cliff had talked. Swift Eagle believed her cause he had a notion she was stuck on him. And didn't want to see him harmed. Besides, he couldn't figure any other way she could have learned Cliff was in on it. Swift Eagle admitted he'd been working for Cliff. He did that same. And when he figured you'd be after him and his parts he let out so fast nothing could have stopped him. They didn't care what happened to me. The soldiers can pick them up later. Mary. What? Where do you think you're going, girl? I just finished my packing. You told me to leave. Leave? Girl, you're staying right on. You try to leave now and you'll have a fight on your hands. And it's me who'll do the fighting. You just heard. There's a copyrighted feature of the Lone Ranger Incorporated.


Hello and welcome to this session, this is Professor Farhad and this session will look at the idea of accounts which are the building blocks of the financial statements and basically the building blocks of our accounting information system. This topic is covered in a financial accounting course or simply an introductory financial course. Yes, it will help you if you're studying for the CPA exam if you are looking for basic knowledge. As always, I would like to remind you to connect with me on LinkedIn if you haven't done so, YouTube is where you would need to subscribe. I have 1600 plus accounting, auditing, finance and tax lecture. If you're an accounting student, not I only teach financial accounting, I teach all accounting courses. Make sure to subscribe, connect with me on Instagram. On my website, you will have additional resources such as PowerPoint sites, true, false, multiple choice, exercises. If you're studying for your CPA exam, 2000 plus CPA questions and exercises which are quasi CPA simulation, I strongly suggest you take a look at my website. So we're going to have to look at the idea of accounts and what is an account?  So what is an account? If I ask you to define an account for me, how would you define an account? Well, think of your checking account. Well, I'm sure you might have some checking account. So what would your checking account do for you? Well, when it does two things, it keeps track of increases and decreases. So every time you make a deposit, your checking account goes up in value.  So it keeps track of increases and decreases. Now, it's easy for you to think of the checking account, but all accounts in the accounting information system keeps track of changes either up or down. An account might go up or an account might go down. Now, hopefully you know at this point that we have three broad categories of accounts. We have asset accounts, liability accounts, and equity, and assets equal to liabilities plus equity accounts. So if you don't know this equation, see my prior lecture. What I'm trying to define here is to take a look at each account and the assets, liabilities, and equity that you might see in a financial accounting course that you'll be comfortable using with as the time progresses. So the first account we're going to look at is cash and we're going to look at the asset category. First, cash is an asset. We defined asset in the prior lecture. Assets are things that's going to provide future benefit. So when we look at the cash account and we see a number there, we see like you know, $50,000. What does this number represent? Well, simply put, what does cash represent? It represents money and funds, the funds, the bank accept as deposits, et cetera. Coins, checks, money orders, et cetera. So what is the cash account? It's how much money we control. Usually it's at the bank. That's the cash account. We look at account receivable. We see that we have 10,000 of account receivable. What does this number represent? What does accounts receivable represent? Well, when do we have an account receivable? Well, account receivable is created when we provide a service. So here's how it works. We provide a service. When we provide a service, we expect to receive cash. Well, sometime the customer don't pay cash. So what the customer would say, they will give us a promise to pay. That promise to pay, my friend, is account receivable. It's an asset. So it's an informal promise by the buyer to pay for services or goods provided on account, or sometime we say provided on credit. So we gave it to them on credit. It means we're going to give them some time to pay. This is what an account receivable is. Promise to pay, and eventually they will pay us. Notes receivable sounds very similar to account receivable, except it's a formal promise. And the reason I use the word informal, so I can use the word formal here. Formal means it's an official promise by the borrower. Usually what we call when we have a note receivable, technically the person that signed the note is a borrower. Although they might be buying the stuff from us, but when we make them sign the note, it means we are lending them money, then they're paying it back to us. They're like a borrower. To pay in the future at a specified date and plus interest. So the main difference between account and note is the interest. And in notes receivable, which we'll cover on later on in the different chapter, we charge them interest. Not only that we're going to give them time to pay, but we want interest. We want to finance the transaction, but we want to be compensated with interest on that. Account receivable, there's no interest. We don't charge them interest. Supplies, that's another account that are considered an asset. Well, supplies are assets. Why? Because we can use them to run the business. They give us future use. Office supplies, store supplies, paper, pens, etc. Now we have to understand that supplies will get used up. So eventually we're going to see later on that supplies will go down and supplies will turn into supplies expense, eventually, once we use them. Prepaid account, we see those prepaid account are very common. They give a lot of hard time to students. Prepaid accounts are assets until they are expired. What do they, what's a prepaid, represent prepayment of a future expense? Like when you prepay for your phone, if you prepay your phone. Well, guess what? You have an asset. You can use your phone for a month or two months. You could prepay your rent. You could prepay your rent for the full year. You can live at that place for a full year. You don't have to worry about rent. You can prepay any expense. Prepaid are expenses and what happened to them, just like supplies, they are eventually expense. They get consumed. Over time, they get consumed. Now the other thing I'm going to tell you about assets, assets are listed and we talked about this in the prior session on the balance sheet. Just they are listed on the balance sheet. They are a balance sheet account. They are a balance sheet account. Now we're going to look at the second category of accounts, which is liabilities. Well, actually we're not done with assets. We still have buildings. What are buildings? Stores, office, warehouses, factories. Buildings are assets that benefit future periods, more than one period, maybe two, three years. Assets that provide many benefit for many years, they get depreciated. What's the appreciation? We'll talk about this in chapter three, in future chapter. Equipment, office equipment, store equipment, computers. Also, they have the same characteristic as the buildings. They benefit future period. Therefore, we depreciate them. We're going to see what that means later on. Then we're going to have an account called land and what does the land represent? It's represent the amount that we paid for the land. And land is a separate account, separate than a building. So if we bought a building and we bought the land, the land and the building are two different assets, land is not depreciable. So in contrast to these two, we don't depreciate land. Now why? Well, follow the course and you'll find out why. The second category of accounts are liabilities. What are liabilities? Simply put, you owe something, the form of a debt. The most common liability is accounts payable. And what is an accounts payable? It's a promise to pay for goods and services purchased on account, on credit. Simply put, it's the mirror image of an account receivable. So we have company A and company B. If company A provides service to company B and company B promise to pay. So company B gave them, so we provided a service. Company B promise to pay in the future in 30 days. Company A will have an account receivable because company is expecting to be paid. Company B will have an accounts payable, AP. Okay. So company A will have an account receivable, AR, because they're going to be paid. Company B will have an account receivable, which is the mirror image of each other. Let's take a look at another similar sounding account called notes receipt, notes payable. Well, it's a notes payable. Simply put, it's a loan. It's a loan. It's a loan. Simply put, we are all familiar with the concept of a loan. Okay. It's a loan. It's a promise to pay the money back at a specified date plus interest. So what happened is you borrow money, you have to pay it back and you have to pay it back plus interest. Again, if we have A and B, let's assume A lend money to B. B signs a note, gave them a note, a promise to pay. Well, guess what? A will have a note receivable because they lend them the money and they expect to be paid. B, they gave the note. They gave the promise they will have a notes payable. So they're the mirror image of each other. Unearned revenue. Well, it sounds like something like revenue, but it's unearned. When does that happen? When money is received in advance of providing goods and services. Sports team, like when sports team sells their season ticket, they receive the money in advance. So they receive the money from the fans. So the fans, the fans pay upfront before the games.  So what's going to happen? We receive the money. We have the cash. Now also we have to increase an account called unearned revenue. Now you might be saying, okay, this is unearned revenue. What would the fans have? The fans will have a prepaid ticket. So their cash goes down. They send the cash to the sports team. They have a prepaid ticket. The sports team will have an obligation to perform. Well, eventually the team will perform and this unearned revenue will turn into earned revenue. Okay. Let's look at the last liability, which is accrued liability. What are accrued liabilities? Accrued liabilities are created when you have expenses that are incurred, but not yet paid. The best example, let's assume March 1st, your rent is due, which is $1,000, just for the sake of illustration. So you have to pay $1,000 on March 1st. Well, March 1st came and you don't have the money. Do you still have the expense? Yes, you still have to pay your rent. You have an expense. Now, since you don't have the money, you have an expense and you have a liability because now you owe your landlord $1,000. Anytime you have an expense that you have not paid yet, it's called accrued liability. Any expense that you owe but you haven't paid yet, it's an accrued expense. Examples will be accrued wages, interest, if you owe any interest, if you owe any rent, if you owe any taxes. Anytime you owe money as an expense, it's an expense, but you owe the money, it becomes called an accrued expense or accrued liability. So if we call this accrued expense or accrued liability, they're the same thing. Okay. And we have many of them. We're going to see them later on in future chapters. The last category of accounts are the equity accounts. In under equity, we have four accounts. Common stock is the first one. What does it represent? If we have a million dollar in common stock, this represents what the owner invested in the business, what the owner, what the investors, what the shareholders invested in the business. Common stock increases equity. And by the way, liabilities also go on the balance sheet. Liabilities go on the balance sheet. Then we have an account called dividend. Dividend, what does dividend represent? An account for distribution to owners, which are the common stockholders from profits. So when we make a profit, we might distribute some money. Now, how do we make a profit? Well, we're going to generate revenues first. What are revenues? Revenues are accounts for proceeds from sales of goods and services like sales revenue, rent revenue, consulting revenue.  If your business is selling, you sell and you generate revenues. You call sales revenue. If you have an office building, you rent it and you have rent revenue. So you have the revenues. But the bad news is when you have revenues, you might have to incur expenses. What are expenses? Account for the cost to run the business. You need your utilities. You need to pay taxes, salaries, rent, insurance. There are many expenses you have to pay.  Hopefully, we have more revenues. Let's assume we have 10,000 in revenues, 6,000 in expenses. We have a net profit of 4,000. Then from this net profit, we might pay some of it in dividend. Let's assume we paid 1,000 in dividend. So of the 4,000, we paid 1,000 in dividend minus 1,000 and the company kept 3,000. What we kept is called retained earnings. It's what the company made and kept, retained earnings. Now, the 4,000 minus the 1,000 equal to 3,000, this is retained earnings. This is how we compute retained earnings. Now, revenues and expenses, they go on a financial statement called the income statement, and we saw this in chapter 1. Income statement minus dividend goes on the statement of retained earnings. Common stock goes on the balance sheet, and retained earnings goes on the balance sheet. So simply put, common stock and retained earnings, what survives from all these three accounts to go on the balance sheet. Last but not least, few other terms we need to be familiar with. The ledger is a collection of all accounts and their balances for an accounting system. So this is the ledger right here, the all the accounts.  Well, the company's size and diversity will determine how many accounts do we have. And what is a chart of account? Well, it's a list of all the accounts, and with each account, we're going to have an identifying number, something like this. Cash is number 101, accounts receivable 106, supplies 126, prepaid 128, equipment 167. Notice all assets start with the number one. Liabilities start with the number two. Equity with three, revenues four, expenses with six. You're wondering, worse five, well, could be gains or losses. Okay, so this is the chart of accounts. Now, this lesson basically help you understand the basic idea of an account. In the next session, I'll have to introduce the basic idea, the important concept of debits and credits. As always, I would like to remind you to visit my website. If you are interested in investing more in your career, invest more in your education, you're going to study for your exam once, you're going to study for your CPA exam once, take your, take this investment seriously, it's paid out, it's going to pay down dividend down the road. Profit means down the road. This is an investment, not an expense. Good luck, stay motivated and study hard.