I am going to sign a bill here. I'm very happy to sign it. And I know that these people behind me are very happy also, because I know that Governor Thorn, when he was in Congress, worked very hard with regard to the use of grain for alcohol or fuel energy source as an energy source. And three Congress representatives, House representatives here from Nebraska, Doug B. Ryder, Hal Dobb, Virginia Smith, wasn't with us this morning, but all of them were sponsors of this particular bill. And it is a bill now that will enable the Department of Agriculture to take the grain that is held in storage there and convert it into agricultural byproducts and principally alcohol for fuel use. And one of the advantages of that is that the presence of the large stock of government held grain has always been a factor in holding down prices. It was a threat to a legitimate pricing of grain. So without any further words, I'm going to go over and sign the bill. You'll note that government pens will only write one word. It is now law. And I have another announcement, if you don't mind, that I'd like to make this morning also that I think is encouraging news. And I'm pleased to announce what I think is a piece of good news for the American steel industry and the many thousands of American workers and their families who depend on the steel industry for their livelihood and good news for the economy. Commerce Secretary Baldridge and Vice Presidents Hoffekamp and Davignon at the Commission of the European Communities have successfully ended negotiations for an agreement, an arrangement that will restrain European steel exports to the United States for the next three years. These revisions of the Steel Trade Agreement concluded last August 5th, covered 90% of steel imports from Europe and will relieve our domestic steel industry from the unfair competition of subsidized foreign products. And that in turn will mean more unlasting jobs in the steel industry, which will translate into good news on the employment front. In return for the agreement on imports, the American steel industry will drop its countervailing duty in dumping suits against over 40 European companies. Reaching this agreement was a long and arduous process, and I want to commend both Secretary Baldridge and his European counterparts for their outstanding efforts. They have resulted in a mutual understanding that is reassuring evidence that America under allies and trading partners can work together for the amicable settlement of differences in an atmosphere of cooperation and understanding. It's also one more small but important step toward the lasting inflation-proof job-creating economic recovery we've all been working so hard to achieve for our people. Now, don't worry about questions. Mac Baldridge is in Washington. This has just been piped into the newsroom there and will be piped to your own newsroom here, and he will be able to handle all the details of the briefing on this, which lets me home free. And again, my congratulations and thanks to these people here for making this possible, and that is really another step forward that's going to help us in the economy. We were just talking baseball. We'll see you all later. Thank you all.


They done a study and they figured out that the cedar tree had taken over like 30% of the rangeland in this area, so then we decided, you know, something needs to be done. What that leads into, and you can see it behind us in these thick cedar stands, basically it chokes out all your forage. There's so much grazing land that has been lost to ranchers in this area to these cedar trees and, you know, that translates to dollars in their pocket books. You can't go down there with a chainsaw or a weed eater and get rid of the trees. There are just too many. We just aren't going to have any pasture. I believe it was 1964, well, dad taxed 120-some pair, a little over 120 pair. We had the NRCS come out and we did a study. They marked off certain areas in the hills, counted the trees, measured the grass, worked everything out and our pasture, same acres as 1964, our pasture today limit, maximum limit is 50 pair. We lost over half of our grazing. When you really start laying it down, when you start looking at a map and kind of taking that 10,000-foot view and you see how much grazing land has been lost to these cedar trees, that's an enormous amount of tax revenue that has been lost to that Gregory County is losing because that land is taken out of production because it's just sitting as a cedar forest and reclaiming that land is good for everything. I would really, really like to see more people in this area here in Brule County get on board with this prescribed burn because we're going to have to do something or we're just aren't going to have cattle there and it's not just my place. You can look around all up and down the river, there just won't be cattle here.


One of the incredible honors of my life is to receive the Order of British Columbia. I think all of us grow up thinking, you know, you want to make a difference, you want to contribute and this is official recognition for so many magnificent people. I just sat there in awe tonight. There were some diverse people of all backgrounds, all areas and some pretty powerful influential people in their fields. And listening to everyone's citations, I think it just makes me very grateful for the people that are in this province really making a big difference. They're fantastic people and to be included in that group for whatever contributions I've made is just a very warm honor. Everything that we do is challenging and messy and it takes time and effort but the people in the room tonight are committed to that. They're committed to making that difference and doing it day after day after day.  Just to be in that crowd is really quite something. You can't be anything but humbled by the nature of the people here. It is to me really heartening to see people who are committed and passionate and care about everybody here in BC. It just makes you very humbled and want to do so much more to help. This is what a true British Columbian really is.


What's up everyone? It's your girl, Kendi here from Layton Sports Guards and I'm ripping the new release. We've got a 21-22 Panini Mosaic basketball hobby 4 box break number 12 pick your team Got Bernie S with the Pistons Rockets and Thunder, Chang S Pacers, Chiakai L Nets, Dylan S Clippers, Furhahn A Sixers and Jazz, Frank Y Hawks, Hunter F Wizards, Jared W Mavs, Joe S Bucks, Joshua W Kings, King L Bulls, Kaizo A with the Heats, Kevin S Magic, Koji O Lakers, Costa K Raptors, Kyle M Cavs, Lionel Edward C with the Hornets and Grizzlies, Marvin N Spurs, Matthew R Celtics, Michael W Nuggets, Peng Joins, C with the T-Wolves, Rich C Warriors, Tim V Blazers, Tony K Sons, Tony C Knicks and Yasuke O with the Pelicans. All right. Good luck, everyone. Thanks again for the fill. Let's get ripping. Good luck. Bobby with Junior Red. Hold. All right. Again, just three teams remaining on the next break.  Just a couple more Mosaic basketballs that we're going to get into some illusions. We have Silver, Jaden, Springer Rookie. We've got Blue already, Kairi on the MVP, sorry, All-Star, 85 of 99, Nets, Suggs Interduction, Duarte Rookie, Peckable Passion, Kairi. Of course, Wahoos. Thanks for hopping in. Was that your WWE that you hit big on? Julius Randall Mosaic. You've got Ubre Junior on the red. Appreciate all your support for sure. It's been fun having you in breaks. Paul George Montage and just hanging out in chat. Trey Mann Rookie, Kate Cunningham debut and Kawhi. One of the three. Oh, nice. So you got a couple different. It's going to be a fun mail day for you then here in the next few days. Love fun mail days. Got Silver, Marcus Smartz, Lillard Red. Got a Scotty Barnes Rookie, Bass Booknight and Mitchell. So TikTok, hope everyone's having a great day. Appreciate the support hanging out, hopping in, saying hi. Love having you. Hope everyone has a good day and have a good relaxing upcoming weekend. Kairi, Red Xire Williams debut, Stairmasters, James Harden, Primo, Kai Jones and Bradley Beal. You're watching on TikTok. We've got Link in the bio if you'd like to hop into some breaks. We have Rookie Otto of Kelden Johnson for the Blazers. Again, one of the last teams taken. I feel like they have pulled an auto out of every break so far. One of the last couple teams taken. Yeah, that is very true. They have honestly have hit an auto in each break so far. Conley Silver, Red Wiseman. Mosaic starting five for the Hawks, Reeves, Mamu and Jones. Just a couple teams left in this next break. Got a little Shaq, young Shaq on the MVPs. Red, Lonnie Walker, the fourth montage, Jimmy Butler montage, Mosaic, LeBron, Mitchell and A.K. at Rookie Base. Nice. Sub-spear, how's it going? Seeing a lot of new names in chat lately too. Love to see that. Thanks for spreading the love, saying hi. Love to see new names. And of course, our vets, Beverly, we've got Red, Luca, Ja, Cameron Thomas, Kispert and Uzman Garuba. Love seeing new names. Love our returning customers. Just love when people are active in chat. It's always fun. MPJ, Mosaic, we've got Red, Halliburton for the Pacers. Sorry, Moments in Time, Josh Gideon. It's another nice insert. I like this here too. Fassie and Wiggins. Bessie, Miss Sam and Forth. Yeah, I appreciate it. Thanks for having in and saying hi. We have Silver, Miles Turner, Red, Darius Garland. Stain glass, Luca Donchich. Back to back to back, baby. There you go, Dallas. Wow. Mavs, Jared W. Very nice. Beautiful, Luca. That's crazy. Back to back to back breaks with Stain Glass. Love to see it. We will mag that. Bones Highland debut and Robinson Earl. What do we say? A total, there's a total of 25 in the checklist for Stain Glass. 20 or 20? Was it 10? I think it's only 10. I think I'm thinking of the other short print then. Let me check. I have it up here. I didn't count. But yeah, there's not like a huge amount on the Stain Glass. Did I miss it? Where is it? Stain Glass. Oh, 10. I'm sorry. What was I thinking? 20? You're right. Yeah, only 10. We've pulled three so far. They've all been different ones, thankfully too. Hart, we have a Jalen Suggs on the National Pride Rookie Magic. Mosaic of Trey Young, Stairmasters. Darren Sharp, Jalen Green and Suggs. Translucence to 25. That's what I was thinking, Brian. Thank you. I haven't seen a Translucent yet. They're very nice looking cards. You've seen 20 of those pulled chomp? Wow, you must have been watching a lot of breaks. Yeah, we pulled KD in the first one. Evan Mobley in the last break and now a Luca. Yeah, you did, Brett. Thank you. Thank you. So far, so good today. Let me tell you, what do we have? A horse grant for the bulls. Love the goggles in that one. There you go, bulls with an autograph. Again, one of the last teams taken. This is crazy. Silver, Quentin Grimes, Red, Jeremy Grant's, Kid Cunningham introductions. We have Straight Fire, Luca Doncic, Cavs, Ketchan Fire here. Very nice. What's up, Thunder? I like this guy's name. His name is Big Penini in the butt. We got Wagner Rookie, Thomas, Scottie Barnes debut. That's hilarious. We've got Lil' Bobon, Mosaic, Cavs doing, or Dallas doing well, Kisbert on the Red Rookie, Montage, Kairi. That's hilarious. Giddy on the Rookie base, Cumminga, Silver, Robert Williams, a third. We've got Blue, Mavs, Spencer Dinwiddy on the Blue color match there. 14 of 99. Mavs just killing this break. Love to see it. Again, everyone, I will get an update on the next break here for you after this box, but I believe there are only two or three teams left. JT Thor Rookie, Mosaic, Rookie, Jayden Springer, Red, Darius Basely, Thunder. Moments in time to White Howard with this Superman cape. That's really cool. It's one of my all-time favorite magic players. Yeah, Walter. Someone was just saying on TikTok that his gold Mosaic just sold for like 14K or something crazy like that. Butler's, our Williams, Mellow, Banton. We've got Silver, from Pazzo, Red, Ant-Man. We have another stained glass Lamello ball. What is happening? Wow. We're going for all 10 stained glass today. Let's paint the rainbow. Let's do it. We got Luca. We got Mellow. We've got Mobley, and then we pulled the Luca as where I said Luca twice and I, Katie, we have literally pulled four out of the 10 so far. Holy moly. There you go, Charlotte. Who has them? Lionel Edward C. There you go. We'll mag that one. My gosh. That's crazy. Yeah, I saw that spear. I was actually watching the break when he pulled that, that party card. Swear Lamello is 75% Lamello's. Oh, 75%. That's the first one that I've pulled of Mellow on the stained glass, and that's the fourth one we've pulled today. Brooks Mosaic. We've got Red, Jalen Johnson on the Color Match Hawks. Yolkich on the Stairmaster Mosaic. Base. Yeah. Born, break, two stained glass. Love to see it. Mobley debut. Got Silver debut of Moses Moody for the Warriors. Red, Ricky Rubio. Yolkich. Aiden, our link is in our bio if you'd like to hop in some. We still have some Pick Your Teams available for the upcoming breaks, and then after Mosaic basketball, we've got some Pick Your Team half cases of Illusions football. PJ Washington Jr., we've got another Red Ant-Man for the T-Wolves. Montage, Damian Lillard. There is the link. Thank you, Lane. Two to go. Just Pacers and Jazz in the next one. Moody, Grimes. McBride. We've only got a pink. This is going to be number to 49 after this. We've got Darren Fox Silver going to the Nuggets. Rookie, Bones Highland debut. Boom. Denver, Michael W. Nice Bones. Five of 49. He's so long, he takes up like literally the length of the car. There you go. Denver. Very nice one there. What's up with this sleeve? Hold on. There we go. We'll mag this one for you. Fantastic break here. Giddy introductions. Is this not even just now going to be halfway through the break? Crazy. Crazy, crazy. Garza, Sangoon, Ayo. Evan Mobley, National Pride Mosaic. We've got Red, Kate Cunningham on the National Pride. Here you go. Detroit's Mosaic, Stairmasters, Jamal Murray. Base. All right. So we primarily break on Twitch and YouTube. That's where we are streaming, Aiden. We have a continuous stream there. On TikTok, we usually end between while we're getting everything set up and reading off the teams and stuff like that. So if you want to watch the continuous breaks, you can search latent sports cards on Twitch and YouTube. And it's a continuous stream there. Yeah, link and bio TikToks if you'd like to hop in. Again, like Lane said, just Pacers and Jazz left in the next break. Let's get that one filled up. Silver Zion. Nice one there, Pelicans, Red, Harrison Barnes, Wagner Rising Stars, Sangoon Rookie. I want to pull a Black Mosaic, Brett. Yeah, let's pull a 101. I don't know if we pulled a Black Mosaic yet out of this new release. We've got Poku on the Mosaic, Kominga Red, Warriors Rookie, Rising Stars Mosaic, Scotty Barnes, like the look of that Jalen Green debut and LeBron. We have Silver, Jalen Green Rookie. There you go. Rockets on the base silver. Very nice. Rockets. Then we've got Blue of Yuta Watanabe. That is 18 of 99 Raptors. Holy Mitchell. We got a Kade Cunningham Rookie Base and Cameron Thomas. Yeah, sure thing, Ada. Yeah, time for a 101. Everyone wants a 101. This would be the break to do it, honestly. Two stained glass already. I don't know. We've got a Mamookalish, Mamookalish Villi. My goodness, his last name is... We got Red Evan Fornier, Mosaic Zach Levine Stairmasters, Kisbert Garuba and Irving. Mamookalish Villi. I feel like say it in syllable. Mamookalish Villi. We got Silver Defox, Kings Red, Cole Anthony, Mellow, Starting Five for the Mavs, Bassie Wiggins and Highland. Paul George Mosaic. We've got Red, Isaac Acoro, KD, Introductions, Evan Mobley, Cavs, Lillard, Suggs and Primo. Silver, Steph Curry, all NBA. We've got another pink, Magic. A Terence Ross. There you go, Magic. 32 of 49 on the pink. Orlando. Gotta go to a game soon. Been wanting to. Moody and Grimes. What's up, TikTok? Lincoln, Bio. If you'd like to hop in some breaks, still plenty of great teams left for Mosaic basketball and then we're going to get into illusions. Football, pick your team in just a bit. Austin Reeves, Mosaic, Red, Michael Porter Jr., Introductions, Davion Midgel, Moments in Time, Jaumarant, Bride, Luca Garza. There you go, Bear. We have Robert Williams, a third silver. Red, Kawai Leonard. Kawai Leonard, MVP. Bruh, what is going on? KD Stained Glass. That is the fifth stained glass of the day. Chiakai again. You got two of them now coming to you, Chiakai. Wow. We're going to pull them off. We are. This is our first duplicate. Wow. What is going on? Absolutely crazy. Bananas, as Rich says. That's bananas. That's bananas. Last pack, box three. Gosh, this is, this is just crazy.  Everyone says I put you down to buy in when I'm ripping. You buy in when Forrester Sam's ripping. That's what y'all get. That's what y'all get. Red Wiggins. You, you got to learn, you're going to learn today when you need to buy into my breaks. I'm sleeping on the same leg. Cole Anthony. You're missing out. We got Cade Cunningham Base and a Wagner debut. That's bananas. All right, let's see where we are on this next break. Let's see. Let's see. She's got hot hands. Yes. Yes, girl. Yes. Pacers 44, Jazz 24. Two to go. Two teams left. Breaks next. There's the link for you. Yeah, there was no auto in that one, huh? That's the second box that we've seen that has had a stained glass and no auto because it does say on average, one autograph per box on average. I need a TikTok. But yeah, that's the second time we've seen that. All right, Murphy, the third highland. We've got a Mowgli debut. Here's an auto. We've got a Fancundo Campazo for the nuggets. Nuggets auto there. Charles Bassie Silver. Rookie Sixers. Vucevich. We have Straight Fire Zion Williamson. There you go. They took this picture from, I think, the previous year. I remember seeing that photo on something else. KPJ. Yeah, I feel you there, real. He said it'll take stained glass over an auto. Sometimes you've got older players or less relevant player autos, but I would definitely agree with that. Sugs, Primo. I would rather a stained glass over a lower, lower tiered auto. Curry, Seth Curry. Mosaic. Red D-weight on the color match. Nice one there. Jimmy Buckets on the montage. Yeah, that's two. It could also be a nice rookie auto. Moody Grimes. McBride. Got Derrick Rose Silver. Red, Rudy Gobert. Jazz. You never know. The Garza Rookie Sangoon. Ayodo Sunmu. Porzingus Mosaic. Red, Bobon. Van Vleet Moments in Time Mosaic. Josh Giddy. Get this next one filled up so we can continue on, y'all. Jazz and Pacers. Jalen Johnson. Cade Cunningham. National Pride. Wagner debut. We have Silver. Brandon Ingram. Blue for the Cavs. Rookie Evan Mobley debut. Boom. This is an absolutely crazy break. Absolutely crazy. Kyle M. There you go. Nice Mobley. That one is 17 of 99. We'll mag this one for you too. Geez. Yeah, real. We got Devon Mitchell. Swagger Evan Mobley. There you go. What a nice pack here for Kyle. I mean, in all honesty, in Mosaic, you're not chasing the rookie autographs. You're chasing the rookie color. Sangoon Kisper. Jalen Green debut. I mean, of course, the top tier rookie autos still go for a good amount, but it's the color that you're really, you're chasing in Mosaic. We got Mobley debut Mosaic. Red color match here. Bulls. Ayodo Sunmu. Got Trey Young on the Stairmaster Mosaic. Dian Mitchell. Cade Cunningham on the rookie base. Cameron Thomas. Got Silver. Kyrie. Red. PJ Washington Jr. Kispert. Garuba Irving. Bassie Rookies. Kimba Walker Mosaic. Got Red. Killian Hayes. Steph Curry. Montage. Paul George. That's left here. Wiggins. Highlands. Robinson Earl. Got Silver. O'Gee and Nobby. Red Rookie. Corey Kispert. All right.  Darren Sharp. Jalen Green. Mosaic. Yolkich. Red. John Wall for the Rockets. Evan Mobley. We've got James Harden, Stairmasters. All right. What's up, Tate? All right. Let's do a recap here. What a break.  All right. We're going to start with our color and some autos. We had Blue, Yuta Watanabe, Rafters, Denwitte, Mavs, Kyrie for the Nets, Pink. We had Terrence Ross, Magic, our autos. Keon Johnson, Blazers, Horace Grant Bowles, and Fancundo Campazzo, Nuggets. And our Magge Cards. We had the Blue debut Mobley for the Cavs to 99. The Pink debut Bones Highland that was Nuggets to 49. And our stained glass. How about a Lamella Ball Hornets? How about a Luka Donchich Mavs? And how about a KD for the Nets? Three stained glass and one break. Awesome. All right. That'll do it for number 12. We got 13 coming up shortly. Thanks, everybody.


nanoparticle drug delivery systems, DDS, have been hailed as the panacea of cancer therapeutics due to their ability to deliver drugs specifically to tumors while minimizing damage to healthy cells. However, despite their promise, there are still many challenges to overcome before they can be used in clinical settings. One such challenge is understanding how nanoparticles interact with cells and tissues, which is essential for optimizing their efficacy and safety. This article was authored by J. Silvio Gutkind, Vyomech Patel, Xiaoyu and Chen, and others.


this is a man that needs no introduction guess I'm on then okay so you guys are here because you're curious about what the hell US visitors how about now okay US visit is Homeland Security system for tracking visitors to the United States why should you care about it why why is any of this worthy of a Defcon presentation well let me start with a quick show of hands here how many people in this room do not have American passports raise your hand if you don't have an American passport okay keep your hand up if when you enter the United States you filled out the green visa waiver form okay keep your hand up if that lower portion of that green visa waiver form is either in or with your passport okay everyone with their hands in the air you have RFID tags in your passports at least if you don't Homeland Security has stated that they will be deploying home RFID into your passports as soon as they've got the money to actually buy the chips that's why you need to care in addition to RFID tags there is massive biometric data harvesting massive distribution of this data I'll be getting on to exactly how Homeland Security appears to be using cryptographic algorithms that are not NIST approved so in addition to collecting all of this data they're not actually handling it properly and has anyone ever seen one of these before this is the receipt that you get when you're on the US visit program and you leave the United States this is an entirely new biometric form of ID that Homeland Security have introduced now that's how it affects foreigners how does US visit affect US nationals well the first thing is a lot of these technologies have already been tried to be deployed in American passports on against American citizens RFID tags in passports in particular there was a big uproar not so long ago when Homeland Security announced that they would be adding RFID tags to US passports such a big uproar that they eventually changed the system so that the covers of the passports now include foil to supposedly shield the RFID tags so that you can't read it unless the passports open unfortunately Homeland Security can quite honestly currently turn around and say well we've been deploying all of this technology to foreigners for a couple years now we've not had any problems why should we not deploy it to everyone else in the world so foreigners should care because you're directly being affected by this US nationals should care because Homeland Security is setting a precedent here you are going to be hit with this technology sooner or later unless we can convince Homeland Security that it's actually a bad idea so let me establish some credibility here I married my lovely wife a couple years ago she's an American citizen and it's taken me three years to obtain my green card I know a fair amount about the US immigration system combined with 20 or more trips to the USA coming under this US visit system and the fact that hell I'm a geek I'm curious means that I've been able to find out some stuff about it the only public documentation that I've been able to locate has been one document from Homeland Security with a privacy statement it's very vague it's very woolly there's a whole lot of stuff that's missing from it that should be but you can combine that with a whole lot of stuff that you can gain from interacting with the system and interacting with these barcodes and you can figure out quite a lot about it so that's where a lot of my information comes from anyway you can visit this on the website if it's all tall interesting to you it's it's a fascinating read it's about a 40 page document of which over half is just references not a whole lot of information there so what is it well from this privacy document from Homeland Security this is what Homeland Security claims US visit is supposed to do personally I don't see how it actually achieves any of those goals I don't see how adding an RFID tag to someone's passport enhances their privacy is it just me or is it actually doing completely the opposite if you can spot a foreigner from ten meters away in reality what happens large scale data harvesting data mining tracking of foreigners if anyone's ever come through the Canadian border you may have seen there's large white sensors in all of the various lanes for the cars those are RFID tag readers there's like seven or eight in each lane and they're just harvesting data as you're going through the border the upshot of it all is that your personal privacy gets screwed over so this is US visit I'm not going to explain the architecture of it in detail because you don't need to know it what you do need to know is that there are a colossal number of databases involved there's a colossal number of systems US visit is a system of systems many of these are not actually owned by Homeland Security so a lot of the links between the different components you have no idea whether or not they're secure you have no idea how data is being transmitted between them you have no idea what protections have been put in place to protect your data as it flows around these systems it's very big it's very complex and as far as I'm aware no one has ever done any security assessment of it probably internally in the government but hey how good are they so how does US visit work well you come in on the plane you fill out your I-94 form this is the the long green visa waiver form when you sign that form if you've ever read the back of the form you're actually signing away your right to appeal so if you disagree with any of the things that your data will be used for if you disagree with any decisions that are made based on your data you have no right of appeal the guy at the desk of the immigration line that that takes your fingerprints he is the authority you don't even have the right to ask to see a supervisor his decision goes and you have signed away all rights that you have if you do not accept each and every one of the terms of the I-94 you do not get into the United States it's as simple as that so you get to the immigration line the guy takes two fingerprints and a digital photo the information is stored in an in the IDENT system for later use this is a component of US visit in parallel to this your finger scans are actually sent to IAFIS as well so you're automatically compared against the FBI's IAFIS database to see if you know you have a criminal record or anything finally assuming that you've passed the criminal check the guy should normally staple part of the I-94 form into your passport and nowhere does it actually mention that there's an RFID tag in it so informed consent just simply does not exist in this situation so when you leave the United States you check in at the airport you take the check-in agent should remove the the remainder of the I-94 from your passport they're then legally obligated to notify Homeland Security that you've left the country so that's your that's your departure record fortunately it means there's no RFID tag left in your passport anymore this is a good thing you clear security and you end up at a number of machines that look like ATMs but you swipe your passport through them they take a digital photo two more finger scans and they print out one of these receipts now at no point during that check do they actually validate that the person who is getting scanned by the system is the person that actually owns the passport so there is no correlation between this receipt and me there's no no guarantee that that you know I haven't faked a fingerprint or whatever there's no security guards around a lot of the time so as a form of ID it's it's kind of useless I'll get into more detail about the barcodes later but suffice it to say that this is the only form of ID that will actually get you on to a plane Homeland Security is absolutely entitled to conduct secondary screening at the gate just before you get on to the plane and they will check your fingerprints as they as they are scanned right there and then against this receipt if they don't match you don't get on the plane it's as simple as that so what's with these RFID tags then well the the text in italics here comes directly from Homeland Security's privacy statement they will provide the capability to automatically passively and remotely record the entry and exit of covered individuals using RFID and they're not encrypted and they could be subject to interception Homeland Security admits it accepts it doesn't care when the subject of RFID and passports was discussed not so long ago this is what Bruce Schneider had to say about it and I completely agree with them it is a clear threat to privacy personal safety and it's a bad idea doesn't stop Homeland Security from doing it though as foreigners in the United States you have very few rights in this situation at least so the biometrics two fingerprints digital photo fingerprints are relatively easy to fake it's been known for a while that you can melt down some gummy bears you can take someone's fingerprint printed onto a transparency etch it into a PCB and use that as a mold for a section of gelatin which you can then just paste over your finger they can be faked really easily considering how easy it is to get hold of someone's fingerprints and I'll show you some more examples in a few minutes it's pretty bad now the way that the fingerprints are actually stored they're not stored as pictures so you can't just decode one of these things and recover someone's fingerprint directly it's sort of minutiae now minutiae if you examine the ridges on your finger a minutiae is where a light is where a ridge either splits stops or breaks there's a few other classes but those are the main ones so your actual fingerprint is stored as a series of XY coordinates with the type of minutiae and the direction of the minutiae such as the direction that the ridge continues on now from that information it's possible to reconstruct the fingerprint it may not necessarily be the same fingerprint but as long as it has the same minutiae in the same places it counts as the same fingerprint you don't need very many points of correlation and it's it's fairly easy to do it it can absolutely be done now I mentioned that when you get your fingerprints taken it's automatically compared against IAFES I'm not a lawyer here but over here you have the fourth amendment which says that you can't search someone without due process I'm not aware of walking through immigration as you know sufficient justification to be able to do a criminal background check on me but because you've signed the I-94 you've consented to it fourth amendment doesn't really apply because you've explicitly signed for consent the digital photo that's taken it's in the form of a low resolution photograph according to Homeland Security in the days of 10 12 megapixel digital cameras who knows what Homeland Security classes low resolution I have no idea I have no idea what the specifications are of that picture I don't know if we can ever find out so all of this information is printed onto these receipts so what is it well it's a high resolution two dimensional barcode it's roughly 200 pixels by 100 pixels so there's about 20 kilobits of data on it about 25% of the data on this is error correction information so it's entirely possible to lose large chunks of the barcode if it gets folded or torn or whatever and still scan it it's very robust it's very reliable the actual symbology used is called Aztec code the barcode standard is Aztec it's an open standard it's not very common but you can pick up readers on eBay I got this with change from 100 bucks there is also absolutely the possibility of using a smartphone to to recognize these barcodes I have software on my smartphone that will recognize other two-dimensional symbologies of similar data density it's it's very easy to do so you could gather these things in a lot of different ways the information on the barcode consists of both of your fingerprints all of the information on your passport there's a little bit more information printed at the top your digital photo the whole lot all of it is on this barcode ready to be retrieved supposedly it's encrypted if you I'll show you a plot of the data in a second that supports the theory that it at least looks random but you can deduce some information about the encryption algorithm used if you look at the block size cryptographic algorithms work on fixed size blocks of data so if you've got a a series of chunks of data that align on 64-bit boundaries you can use that information to take a guess at what algorithm is in use with these I actually have a couple of these and the the block size appears to be 16 bit which is inconsistent with desks as any of the really good algorithms it's possible that it could just be a direct RSA cipher I doubt it it's possible that it could be a stream cipher such as RC4 if it is a stream cipher such as RC4 RC4 is not NIST approved so Homeland Security should absolutely not be using it quite what the algorithm is I've no idea but it's certainly not AES so if you actually take a few of these this is a plot of four of these barcodes so you scan these into a PC and you just get a binary blob of data if you count how many times each byte appears it's a good a good way to take a guess as to whether or not something is actually random so at the bottom here you've got four individual barcodes and the frequency of each byte on each barcode and then at the top you've got the total there are some mild inconsistencies there's a spike around 50 I investigated it and it's nothing there's no particular byte sequences in it there's an unusually high occurrence of 0d0a but it's not consistent across all of the barcode so again you currently do you deduce anything from it it looks random it looks encrypted but looks can be deceiving it may not be encrypted at all so to scan the image you grab your barcode scanner it's that quick and I've now got all of the information on this barcode there is actually two barcodes on here right next to each other so it looks like one but you can scan the second one just as quickly Homeland Security reckons that the encryption codes used for these are changed daily now if they are changing the codes daily then it means that they have to have some kind of key distribution system and something that people doing every day for years at a time there's going to be mistakes made there's going to be weaknesses in the key distribution systems there's going to be ways to retrieve the keys directly from the system I believe that at the moment they're transmitted over Wi-Fi networks so you can sniff the keys out of the air they're probably encrypted over some kind of communications channel but again who knows I don't really want to speak caught by security sitting in an airport sniffing traffic off the US visit network so the other thing about them is that even if they are changing the codes daily it doesn't really matter because you can legitimately take a flight through an airport and you can just harvest some of these codes if you break the encryption key on one if you particularly target one barcode and you retrieve the key then you retrieve the key for all of the barcodes for that day so you can just spend a day in the airport harvesting codes and decrypt it all once you break a single key it's trivial to harvest these things working around an airport with a barcode scanner hooked into a laptop in your backpack kind of a little bit suspicious certainly taking pictures of people with camera phones isn't as suspicious dumpster diving for these receipts who's honestly gonna care people don't know what information is on these so you get situations like this some guy published one of these on Google images now this looks like a fairly low quality image but the fact is there is so much error correction data in these that that barcode could probably be recognized with a little bit of image cleanup with a little bit of processing and edge detection you could probably scan that barcode and you could probably retrieve that guy's fingerprints digital photo passport information name date of birth flight information the whole lot now if he had known what was on this do you honestly think he would have put it on Google images I don't think so so the upshot of all of this is that these things constitute an entirely new form of ID it's biometric information it can be compared at any point during the your your flight on entry on exit it can be checked people don't actually understand that it's a form of ID though so people don't treat it with the respect that it deserves as a form of ID that contains a copy of my fingerprints it's it's ridiculous that there is no information telling people what these things are the first time I retrieved one of these from the machine I didn't know what it was I saw it was a big 2D barcode and thought hey it'd be great to get a scanner for that and see what's in it but then never thought about it again people don't know so they don't understand the precautions that you have to take to protect this information the other thing is yes it is a form of ID but all it does is it verifies that the individual boarding at the gate is the same individual who completed the exit process at the kiosk so all it proves is that the person who scanned their fingerprints at the machine at the ATM box is the same individual that's in front of them now it does not guarantee that it's the same person who owns the passport it does not guarantee that you're supposed to be there as a form of ID it is utterly utterly useless but at the same time it's the only thing that will get you on to a plane so let's look at data retention policies and who can access this this is a section from Homeland Security's privacy assessment where there's some very interesting things in here the data that they retrieved can be subpoenaed file a civil lawsuit against someone you can apply to Homeland Security to retrieve all of their US visit data because they explicitly state that it will be made available in civil lawsuits foreign agencies law enforcement or otherwise I don't know you know which countries they'd share this with which ones they wouldn't which cut classes of law enforcement they would share it with as far as this statement indicates they'll share it with anyone who is lawfully engaged in collecting law enforcement information now to me this strikes me as deliberately vague this seems like Homeland Security just saying hey we'll give it to anyone if you can at least make a decent case that you're lawfully engaged in collecting this information yeah we'll give you as much as you like I'm not happy with my data being given out in that manner I don't think I don't think many people in this room would be along similar lines to this is the green cards I recently obtained my own green card and on the back is rather nice shiny surface this is actually a CD what a CD does in a circle this does in a straight line fortunately along the very bottom of the section of the data section they print the patent numbers got a lot of the US PTO because it's all open it's all completely public you can just retrieve the patents you can track down the manufacturer you can obtain readers you can obtain more cards you can do whatever you like and according to the pattern the absolute minimum amount of data that you can fit on one of these is 250 kilobits according to the manufacturer's website this card contains 2.8 megabytes of data I have no idea what is on this I suspect that it is a complete copy of every form that I filled out in order to receive my green card I would not be surprised if that's the case 2.8 megs were certainly in the right ballpark unfortunately the readers for it are rather pricey you can't really pick them up on eBay it's heavily patented it's heavily controlled it's very very pricey I've seen estimates of fifty thousand dollars for the readers so I'm not going to be getting my hands on one anytime soon and I doubt I'll be able to build one so who knows so what's the big deal with all of this why why is this an issue the whole point is that US visit is setting precedence Homeland Security is is using this to establish these technologies to deploy these technologies in real-world scenarios so that they can then go back to the lawmakers and they can say hey we've been putting RFID tags and passports for years we've had forms of ID that include biometrics that include large quantities of data that include fingerprints on the front of the card so whenever anyone takes a copy of this as is fairly standard practice when you use it as a form of ID that person then has my fingerprint Homeland Security can quite legitimately turn around and say we've been doing this for years we've never had a problem why should we care about deploying it to everyone else in the United States US Barker US driving licenses already have large barcodes on the back large two-dimensional barcodes these are different symbology the symbology that they use is PDF417 which is a absolutely common symbology you can pick up readers absolutely anywhere for these barcodes there's there's two different types of barcodes on the back of the US driving license that I've seen there's a small barcode about about half an inch thick that just contains a machine readable version of the front of the passport of the front of the driving license there is a much larger version that's about three times the size I have no idea what's on it because none of my American friends will let me scan it so could be anything I suspect it's a digital photo but if any volunteers would like me to scan their driving licenses and find out come talk to me where's it all going to end where is all of this going you can already spot foreign passport from 10 meters away with an RFID tag reader you can pick out bars where foreigners like to hang out foreigners generally tend to carry their passports with them in the United States in a lot of situations probably Defconn is the exception to that but certainly it's it's a very easy form of ID for a foreigner in the United States a lot of you know bounces at clubs don't actually know how to understand a foreign driving license or a foreign ID card so a passport is the easiest form of ID and you can spot them from a reasonable distance away using a high gain RFID antenna the major point about this though is that there is no informed consent people are forced to sign up for this not knowing what is involved not knowing what is going to happen with their data not really understanding what is going on with this system not having any clue you know where their data is going to go who it's going to be shared with where it's going to end up how it's going to be destroyed none of these questions are answered and the simple fact is unless you agree to everything the Homeland Security ever wants to do with your data you don't get into the United States it is as simple as that and I don't know about you but I think that's wrong I think that Homeland Security needs to to address this they need to figure out exactly which bits of the US visit system are actually worthwhile because certainly these things aren't these thing these receipts present an unacceptable risk to personal privacy and they don't actually serve any purpose so why is it being deployed the only answer can be to set a precedent for American deployment now I know I've got a fair amount of time left so deliberately so because I wanted to get some questions going anyone question over here I believe they are believe I didn't matches them it matches it against your passport number so every time you enter the United States it automatically compares it against the previous visits so if you turn up in the United States on a completely new passport with a completely new set of fingerprints they've got nothing to match it against but it should be compared against previous versions yes I have considered microwaving my green card general was asking if I've ever considered microwaving my green card yes I have but not sure how useful it would be afterwards it's just a piece of plastic so I wouldn't want to melt it so much effort to get hold of the thing it's also a federal offense for me to not have it with me at all time if I'm ever stopped by a police officer and I don't have my green card with me that is a felony it's great I'm sorry is that really the case okay I was actually advised that it was at any time I was stopped by a police officer I shall I shall look into that and find out the proper answer yep the European court few weeks ago decided that the agreement under which the EU supplies passenger information data to the US DHS is actually illegal under EU data protection law how do you think that one's going to play out the actual illegal component of it is I believe the Americans demand for it if the individual states elect to submit that information to Homeland Security I believe it's it's still legal obviously if you also get the consent of the passengers involved again it becomes legal so it's all a question of whether you actually sign away your rights to this so it may well be the case that the actual process is illegal on its own but once you attain the consent of the people involved in the process it stops becoming illegal so as far as I'm aware Homeland Security has not been affected by this in any way they're going to carry on doing exactly what they have been doing anymore oh in the red I'm sorry no I'm absolutely not aware of any US visit success stories US visit was introduced in full stealth there was no real warning of its deployment it just appeared at airports one day it's been very much taken under the radar there's been no real numbers published about success or failure of the system there's been no information about AFIS hits nothing at all as far as I'm aware the there has been no successes so no it's the simple answer yeah okay um this on on the success thing I have actually read a bit they do have some numbers where they claimed who have identified you know X number of criminals leaving the country there are a bunch of GAO reports talking about US visit auditing it and basically in those reports they also say that the program is horribly mismanaged and pretty much in that and I'm wondering what you think about that beyond the nefarious you know aims that the government might have what about the fact that it's just really inept well as I mentioned in the if you go back to the architecture diagram a system this large and this complicated it's extremely difficult to manage it's not like a large banking back end where everything has been designed from the ground up the system has very much been a quite a case of Homeland Security setting some goals and then just pulling in components from completely different agencies in order to to build a system that kind of works so as far as the ineptness goes I think it's just inherent in the way that the system was designed and constructed it was just kind of thrown together to solve a problem which is why it's such a failure I'm sorry front corner into what yes absolutely absolutely some of these systems are owned by CIA some are owned by FBI NSA is distinctly missing from this conspicuously so so I would not be surprised at all of this architecture diagram was missing a couple nodes that are managed by NSA who knows we we may never find out I'm certainly not I don't have the resources to to fight a freedom of information act case so we may never find out as far as screening the RFID tags goes yes absolutely the problem is that at the moment that will work because Homeland Security is still deploying the RFID tags into the the the I-94 forms some do have them some don't have them certainly if you come if you enter the United States by land or by sea it should have an RFID tag in it and they're deploying it to air track air passengers at the moment so at the moment if you get an I-94 without the RFID tag in then yes it will still be recognized in the longer term they're going to be basing the I-94 system off the RFID tag directly so you'll have the choice of either queuing up in a very long line to for manual processing or just walking through the gate getting your RFID scanned and then just clearing security yes to answer the question about success stories it's interesting there's there's one real big one actually they picked up a guy in Afghanistan I think his name was com see this is in the New York Times a couple years ago but he was picked up he wasn't talking he was taken off the Gitmo or something like that and they finally ran his fingerprints against the identity base and it turns out that he showed up at the Florida airport didn't have any good information on where he was staying or who he was staying with so they kicked him out of the country but they took his fingerprints and so they went back to their records when they when they ran his fingerprints they identified him as this guy and they looked at the security camera videos and sure enough rental car registered to Muhammad Ata drove through the airport to pick him up that day he was the 20th hijack it wasn't you know we saw you or anything like that that's but granted that's the one good success story they've had you know to counter terrorism the other I also had a question what's the source on them running the fingerprint data against IAFIS the FBI database it's in their privacy statement it's not directly listed but they do say that they will compare against federal and state fingerprint databases and later on in the document they they have a section on acronyms and they mentioned IAFIS in the acronym section so believe what they did is they originally mentioned that in the document but then later redacted it and left the acronym in there so they do mention that they compare against federal and state fingerprint databases IAFIS is in the acronyms because I imagine it would have computationally that's extraordinarily hard to take all the visitors and compare them against all the people on IAFIS so well the whole point about fingerprint matching based on minutiae is that it stops being about image recognition and it starts being about geometry because with with the the fingerprint reduced to a set of minutiae you've just got a set of coordinates and you just need to figure out whether the points that you have and the points that you're comparing against have the same coordinate space and the same angles between them and all this kind of stuff so you all you need to do is is simple set of trigonometric lookup tables so that you don't have to compute signs and cosines every time and then just pattern match it's very very fast it used to be the case that it would take approximately 24 hours for an IAFIS check it can now be done in seconds for a single search for a single search yes thank you yes I understand that the UK is developing a similar system known as UK borders do you know anything about that I'm not familiar with the the UK system at the moment my focus on on UK identity systems is on the UK ID card which is just entered law and is being deployed now I'm actually quite glad that I've got my green card and I'm not going to come under it because from what I understand it's considerably larger scale than us than the the green card systems considerably more invasive from what I understand it also somehow hooks into the license plate recognition system that is currently being deployed into the United Kingdom where they're collating data from every CCTV camera that they can possibly get their hands on feeding it into a number plate recognition system and tracking their their goal is to track every single car journey that occurs anywhere in the United Kingdom at any time given that and given the the overwhelming opposition for ID cards and the the fact that the UK government is deploying them anyway it would not surprise me in the slightest to hear that there is a UK equivalent of US visit thank you yes is there a question okay yes where can we get hold of them give us a URL give us a URL where can we buy them gentlemen from Germany pointing out that ccc is now selling RFID screens for German passports with RFID tags in them I'd rather like to know where to get hold of one yeah I'll put it up on the screen be you do okay apparently that might be dot org but RFID tag screeners they're wonderful things I didn't even know that they well I suspected that they existed people have been wrapping their passports in tinfoil for a large amount of time it's nice to know that there is actually a commercial effort to sell them it is anything is good yes I have a question it's there are studies which suggests that the instance of false positives in large populations where you collect fingerprints is very high there was a study done in the UK which estimated that on 60 million people the the false positive rate of matching will be as in excess of 40 percent now if you look at the numbers on US visit if they estimate 60 million visitors a year to the United States that means 40% of the fingerprints are not going to match so the more people that visit the United States the less valuable this is or it means that the people who are unfortunate enough to get hit get stopped absolutely another thing that that can be done with US visit is if the fingerprint does generate a match in AFIS or any other databases they can stop you at the border they already have your digital photo and they will make you wait at the border while they find the relevant law enforcement officer and get them to actually look at your picture so if you're ever trying to clear US visit on entry to the United States and you're stopped for 20 minutes staring at the camera that's what's going on I can say from personal experience that if you're unfortunate enough to have flat fingerprints or fingerprints do not image properly the scanners in the airports don't work another very good bookcase for redeploying US visit under a different persona should we say well as a German coming over here for the first time about three months ago I thought about the same problem because we don't like to give out a fingerprint and have a fingerprint skin at home done some testing and on the flight I just realized that I had some very super sized Americans left on the right side from me sitting so I put the fingers under my angled and this came out that when you come to the fingerprint scanner and you have the your hands all the time very wet they are swollen up and this gets you to the point also that it cannot be read correctly they had problems reading them the first times I then tried this was my fingerprint at home and after about 30 minutes of fingers under your arms my fingerprint at scan at home was not able to let me access my computer anymore so yes fingerprint recognition is a very unreliable technology there's a lot of ways to defeat it there's a lot of ways to confuse it even something as simple as putting up drywall can etch off your fingerprints at least temporarily it's it's really not a reliable biometric identifier and more importantly if this information does get leaked if if someone does figure out a way to decrypt one of these barcodes and retrieve your fingerprints it's not like a password you can't change it you only have 10 fingers and they have two of them on the barcode so you know what are you gonna do surgery yeah interesting thing that might be to just try to let them not scan your fingers on the first entrance because I've never had scanned my fingers after that while I was in the USA so just at the borders that being scanned of they don't get a good picture from that I think that will well they they do make exceptions for physical and mental limitations so if you're physically unable to get your fingerprints scanned or you're so crazy that you're incapable of keeping your finger on the scanner for long enough for it to recognize it you may well get away with that but expect a couple of hours in a small room with a man with a rubber glove just to verify that you are crazy but yes they do make exceptions for physical and mental abnormalities right no no the the visa waiver form states that you've never been ruled what is it mentally incapable by a judge something like that but you can still be slightly slightly not right in the head I think it's it's if there's there's ever been a legal ruling that you are mentally incompetent then you may have issues but I don't actually know what's kind of circumstances they would they would classify mental deficiency is unable to scan your fingerprints who knows if someone braver than me can try it at US immigration yes earlier on you mentioned your concerns about the ability to appeal the information that's on the initial card that you fill us the data repositories within the US visit system should constitute a system of records and per US code you're able to appeal anything that's contained within a system of records maintained by the federal government potentially yes I believe you can get access to it but the the right of appeal is less about how your data is used as more it's intended as more towards giving ultimate authority of the decision to the immigration officer at the desk when you actually cross the border yeah it's not a timely thing unfortunately yes so as far as Homeland Security concerned they're giving authority to the the desk officers and as a byproduct removing all of your rights from the rest of the system given that you sign away those rights it would be an interesting court case at best well a minimum I should say any more questions oh yes hello first of all I think this is a very important issue so I'd really like to thank you for bringing that to the forefront for us I'm someone who my domestic partner she's also foreign national and so as a as an American I'd like to apologize to foreign nationals everywhere this is a complete travesty in a representation of the worst kind of xenophobia that we've experienced in a long time my back to my question actually my first question is on has any been work been done or do we know of any projects to decode or decrypt the information in the barcodes on the on the receipts I've put in a reasonable amount of time on my own I don't know if anyone here saw Dan Kaminsky's blackout presentation he's presenting it again tomorrow I believe about figuring out protocols using nothing but captures of the protocols he and I work together for a fair amount of time on this and well we didn't actually get anything productive out of it the moment at the moment all I'm left with is inconsistent block sizes that mean it's it's not any commonly used encryption algorithm that's certainly that's NIST approved and it looks random unfortunately I don't add I don't actually come under US visit anymore so I can't collect any more of these barcodes and given the amount of the information that I've just told everyone is on them I doubt there's very many people that would give me any if there are any volunteers in the audience I would absolutely love to get any of these receipts that you have you have my assurance if that's worth anything that I won't do anything bad with it but given that I'm currently on stage at DEF CON you may not believe me I have a second question that is on what's the prognosis or the direction that you're going down the road for more research on US visit or more activities regarding that well the most productive Avenue would probably be a freedom of info freedom of Information Act request FOIA with Homeland Security historically is not very successful so I don't know if there's any leak any lawyers out there that would be interested in filing any lawsuits to try and get more information about the system in the absence of legal recourse I I'll be focusing on the barcodes as soon as I can get my hands on some more samples I can do a bit more in-depth statistical analysis of them possibly get some more data I don't really know it's it's very much up in the air we're pretty much stone walled at this point yes okay I read a couple weeks ago in the federal register and on CNN that if US visit has their way as a green card holder you actually will be part of US visit again yes so I would expect so they are moving toward doing that well it's like I say it's it's a land grab from Homeland Security they've had such success or rather lack of problems deploying US visit as widely as it has been so far it would not surprise me at all to hear that they're planning to deploy it to green card holders and eventually to US citizens as well wouldn't surprise me in the slightest any more questions yes you are legally required to use the system if it is present alternatively the way that they would find out that you haven't used the system is when you try and get on the plane you don't have the receipt and you'll be denied boarding what you what you've just described is how the system was deployed at first it was deployed at a few key airports around the United States Seattle San Francisco couple of others they were used as test beds for you know validating the technology making sure that it worked and it's in the process of being deployed everywhere so expect to see it at every airport pretty soon any more questions fabulous let's get beer then


Previously, we looked at uniform circular motion and the velocity of objects undergoing uniform circular motion. In this video, we'll derive the acceleration of objects undergoing uniform circular motion, which is also known as the centripetal acceleration. This is a pretty involved derivation. Don't worry if it seems a bit complicated as you wouldn't be expected to invent it on your own without having seen it. So, before we get started, how can an object undergoing uniform circular motion be accelerating if it's travelling at a constant speed? What we need to remember is that velocity is a vector. While it may be travelling at a constant speed, this vector is constantly changing direction for the object in question. Since the velocity is therefore changing, the object is accelerating. So let's find the acceleration of the object.


OK, Billy Ray Valentine, Capricorn, AKA Larry Pesavento, wishing everyone a wonderful holiday, whether it's Thanksgiving, Easter, well it can't be Easter, no, it's got to be Christmas and then the New Year's, whatever, have a wonderful time. Remember the day after Thanksgiving has a 76% chance of closing higher that day, and that is a very strong statistic and if it doesn't close higher that day, that means the early part of December is going to be weak. And the odds on that are also pretty high, but we'll do one thing at a time. OK, folks, let's take a look at a few things here this morning. You can see the S&P is charged above the highs again. We got as high as 4580. I'm going to bring this up on a little shorter time frame so that you can see how high we got. We got all the way up to 4580 after the report and then you can see the market sold off. Guess where it stopped, folks? You can't make this up.  You think these algorithmic traders don't have something going, misses the S&P by one point, folks, one point from 54 to 55, I mean, my goodness. And then what it does, look at this. This is what they call a guardly, folks. There's your A leg. There's your A, B, C, D. That's a guardly pattern and you're drawn in. You're going to be able to see that it is absolutely spot on. There's your A, B, C, D. Now the question a young man asked me this morning was, what time frame should I trade? If you want to have some fun and trade, go to an eight minute, folks. Eight minute gives you a lot of things to look at. You don't get this kind of volatility all the time, but you get nice little patterns here that are tradable. Here you can trade this. This is 60. That's only four points. In order to make any money in the S&P, you got to have a swing of at least 10 points. So those are the ones you want to swing to $500. OK, so I was originally going to today. Oh, wait, we've got a break coming up already. I'm folks, I have to tell you something. My family loves to trade over the holidays. So I send them out wherever they want to go. And they went to two of the major airports in the United States of America this yesterday. Those there's airports were empty. One of them was in Los Angeles. They had never seen Los Angeles Airport that empty on the day before a holiday. The other one was in Dallas, Texas. They're meeting someplace in the southern hemisphere, I hope. Anyway, let's take a quick look here at the time on the wall and we'll be right back.<PHONE_NUMBER>.


This is basically a business intelligence and data analysis tool based in the cloud. What I am going to talk about is how do you connect and work with business data when the business data is on-premise. When I talk about on-premise, I don't mean that your data is on a server sitting locally in your office. When I say on-premise, it means that some kind of business data which is maybe hosted in the cloud but in either a private cloud or in a data center maybe physically on-premise which is different from the cloud service itself which is Power BI. So how do you actually organize your data and how do you actually get that data into the cloud is what I am going to talk about in today's session. Just a quick introduction about myself, my name is Vinod Nih. I am a senior technology consultant in a company called Enterprise Infotech. I also happen to have a title called Microsoft Regional Director. This is a honorary title. I am not employed by Microsoft which means I don't unfortunately get a salary from Microsoft which is very sad. It's a title that Microsoft gives to people in the field whom they consider as experts. So we are about 120 in the world. So we work very closely with the Microsoft teams back in Vietnam and give them feedback and believe me we are very, very critical of Microsoft directly on their face.  So that's a quick introduction about myself and some other stuff on the slide where I am going to skip through that. So quick agenda what I am going to talk about. So first I am not sure whether it's very clear but don't worry about that. So I will give you an overview of what VI actually is and what are the different solutions that are there and how do you actually work with business intelligence. And then we will take a look at Power BI and how it actually helps you solve this in the cloud and get that data from your business data, your business processes, your DevOps processes and push them into the cloud to do analysis on them and not the advantage of doing all of that. So that's what I am going to talk about and I will try and show you a few live demos if time permits and if the internet bots are on our side. I will try and show a few demos live as well and live demos are always dangerous. They sometimes won't work. So when I will attempt it, I have taken a video of it working. So in case it doesn't work, I will show you the video of it working. So a quick run through of what is VI, how many of you work with VI? None of you, right? So VI, if you look at business intelligence and you read the books that you read about it, there is a very complex definition of VI. You can see by, and there is just one sentence that I have taken out of the official definition of business intelligence. It's called a broad category of application programs and technologies for gathering, storing, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. It doesn't make sense. To put it a little bit more simply, I will put it a little bit more in normal English. It is the application of knowledge derived from analyzing an organization's data to set a more positive outcome. Where it's actually a little simpler, basically knowledge by analyzing data to get some good positive result to put it even more simply. It is basically picking up data, raw data, converting it to information and then from that information getting some knowledge out of it. That's what business intelligence is all about. So forget all the stuff that you will read about. If you ever get into VI, you will read all this stuff. But the essence, and VI is an old technology, it's been around for 30, 40 years. The tools are new, the way that you evolve and use it is new but the concepts behind it is not very, it's been around for a long time. But in the end, the essence is basically data information to knowledge. That's what you need to understand what business intelligence is. Obviously with the tools that are there and available today in the cloud and stuff like that, there are a whole lot of new ways that you can get all of this information. So what is VI used for? It's used for understanding the health of the organization. This could mean anything. This could mean how are sales doing. How are sales doing in a particular region? How are your servers health doing? It could be any kind of data. It does not matter what that data is. The VI is used to actually analyze, understand and then even predict in some cases what is going to happen. I was going to ask you on a shared view of business drivers. Now one of the problems that happens when you have a large organization is that you might not have the same view of business drivers. For example, if a sales region in India sells items in rupees and a sales region in the US sells it in dollars, a $10 sale is not equivalent to a $10 sale. You need to have a common view. That means you need to convert it into a common set, a common unit, a common thing. You need to collaborate and view that shared data driver and then of course reduce the time of decision. You need to have information extremely fast and I'll show you how that happens if the demo works fine. And obviously the goal is to impact the bottom line. That means it doesn't matter whether your startup has just shipped its first item today. It doesn't matter. Or if you are a 30 year old company multinational with tens of thousands of employees, as long as you are able to analyze the data and reach a decision quickly, your product might be an app and how is that app doing? How your product might be t-shirts and shoes and how is that selling? Or your product might be services and how are your servers doing? Now I don't mean real-time server, real-time information of whether a server is down or up. That you get from AWS and Azure and all of them, you get that. But how have they been performing over time? What are the issues that have come up? What issues affect what? The different types of insights that can come up are quite important to understand. So now how do you do all of this? What are the BI solutions that are available there? So the problem in today's world is that organizations have data stored in many different areas. There are silos of data. Data could be on server logs. Data could be in databases. Data could be in CRNs, ERP systems. Lots of different things that are available. And they may not be optimized for analytical queries. Now what does that mean? How do you analyze this data? If you look at a server log, I mean if you look at raw server logs, you can really never understand what is there. If you look at raw data in a database of sales, transactional data, you can never understand what is actually going on. What is actually happening? You are going to be at individual information at one time. How do you manage historical context? What has things been in the past? How is it happening now? What is the trend? So that is not available as you look at data as you go along. The other problem is that most employees don't have the skills to analyze data. Most people don't know how to do it. In fact, BI is a very technical concept. You need to have understanding of data models and a lot of other things. So that is not something that a business manager or decision maker will actually have to understand. So that's where BI actually comes in. If you look at data silos, they could be as I said, it could be multiple data silos. HR, finance, the IRM, these are all silos of your organization. If you look at silos that are coming in from outside your organization, there could be your vendor's data. How do you correlate your data with the vendor's data? Or how do you correlate your data with external data? For example, external data could be things like weather information. Is your sale actually impacted if the weather is bad? How do you figure that out? That is where this sort of stuff comes in. Where you can actually go into business intelligence processing and then come out with analytics and visualizations which tell you this information that are not insights that can come in. Now, business intelligence, there are tons of solutions that are out there. I am going to talk about one which is called PowerPlayer, which is basically a suite of business analytical tools from Microsoft. Now, just because this comes from Microsoft does not mean that it only works with, say, SQL server. It is completely platform agnostic. It does not matter. Your data could be anything, MySQL, Mongo, Cosmos, whatever, it does not matter. Whether it is stored locally on your laptop, it does not matter. It could actually be physically on your laptop, not even on server for all that matters and you are sitting inside your office and you could still get that data analyzed. PowerPlayer itself is available, so it is a cloud-based service. It is available both stat alone and you can get it as part of Office 365, so it depends how you want to get it. It connects, as I said, to hundreds of different types of data sources and they are adding more data sources on a day-to-day basis almost. The data thread, which is the more complicated part which usually requires a consultant to do it or you need somebody with business intelligence knowledge to be able to do that, that is done via a very simple user experience. I will show that to you in a moment, very, very simple to do. If you have worked with Excel, you basically know how to use it, more or less. And you can do extremely detailed queries via these prepared things or completely ad hoc. If you do not know how to do it, you can do a very ad hoc query and still get data analysis done on that. The cloud-based service is actually, because it is backed by Microsoft's cloud it has AI and NLP went in, which means that a non-technical user like a manager can actually go and type in a query. Tell me the sales, you know, give me an analysis of sales of France over the last three years. And you will get a proper visualization from the Power BI service which will actually show that information very clearly out. Okay, this is the entire sale history of France. What are the regions that are there? So very, very customizable and very nice interactive and fluid visualizations that are there. Now, how is Power BI available? There are two versions. There is a desktop version and there is a service. The service is obviously the most powerful thing. The desktop is actually just creating the user experience and service itself is available in three different subscriptions for personal, pro and premium. As you quickly run through this, the desktop is obviously on the desktop. It's free. You can just simply go and download it from Power BI.com. It's also available on the Windows. So just simply go download, install and you can start using it. Power BI Personal is again free. It's a cloud-based service. It's absolutely free. You can actually go and start using it. The only restriction here in Power BI Personal is that any analysis that you do cannot be shared with others in your organization. That's the only restriction. Otherwise, everything else is there. Power BI Pro, which is the full edition of Power BI, again available standalone or available as Modoc Office 365, allows, so the difference between the personal pro, both are cloud-based, but pro allows you to share any analysis that you've done within your organization, just with a couple of clips. And this costs about 600 rupees per user per month, which is actually very, very cheap. So even a startup can afford this. You need one Power BI Pro license and 600 rupees per month. That's what we need. Power BI Premium is obviously the premium experience. This is expensive. It has a capacity plan, cloud-based service, and available via a license partner only. This starts from 6 lakh rupees per month. That's the first level. So this is equivalent to, if you've heard of other platforms like Tabu. Tabu is the direct competitor to Power BI Premium because they start at around the same price. And that is, of course, your break-even is around when you have 500 users of Power BI. That's when your break-even starts off. So if you are fired on that, then, of course, Power BI Premium is a very good thing. But before that, it's kind of very good. So how do you analyze data? Very, very simple. You basically connect or point your Power BI service to your data source. The data source, as I said, can be anywhere. It could be in the cloud. It could be inside a compromised network. It could be in your data center. It could be on your laptop for all it matters. It doesn't matter. It will connect to that. You create a data model based on the data source, the data that you're trying to analyze.  You apply some visualizations, and there are some things. And I'll try and show this to you. You highlight, so if you have a report with some 20 different insights that you are working with, and you want to highlight some of them, you can highlight them into a dashboard, which maybe managers or somebody can quickly take a look at those dashboards to see what's happening. And now go share the report on the dashboard or the content itself to others in your organization. I'm just going to try and show you a quick demo of this. So what I have here, and I'm just going to quickly go to the cloud-based service. So I'm logging in. So this is already connected to my, so I'm connected to the Power BI service. This is one report that I have actually created. It's not probably going to be very clear because of the resolution that is showing up. But this is some sample sales data that is there. The colors actually have much more vibrant results showing up here. So this is basically sales over time, right? So this is sales over time and by the region. This one is sales over the category. So there are different categories. This is sales over currency. This is sales over region. So you can see North America. Right now, within that you have United States and Canada. You have Europe. You have United Kingdom, Germany and France. And this is again sales over time. Right now, this looks like a simple enough report which you can quickly create in Excel. But the power flag comes up is that one it is shareable. The second is that it's cross-highlightable. For example, if I click on United States dollar here. What happens is that I don't really notice but the values on the graphs actually change based on what are selections. So you can see that these are what highlighted. So Canada has fallen. Canada was full. But the highlighted part is only this much. And these graphs have actually all gotten changed based on what you've gotten selected. And it's cross-highlightable in any direction. So I can actually go and say, okay, I want to see only for United Kingdom. I only want to see for Germany. Or I can say, okay, control click both. And I can see what is the combined cumulative effect of Germany. So that's one quick way of creating reports. Reports can have multiple pages. There are more pages here. So I can just quickly show that to you. More pages which I've just created as a sample. Now these are reports. You also have a dashboard. So a dashboard is basically where I've taken some parts of my report and said, I want to show this as a quick dashboard so that somebody can get a quick look at what this is. And here if you notice there's something to ask a question about your data. This is the energy part. I'm not going to demo that because I'm not set it up for that. The other thing which is very nice, and I remember that I said that for non-technical users, the ability to access this information needs to be very intuitive. So at least for now it's on Windows 10, but you also have Power BI apps for all platforms. iOS, Android, Windows, Mac, everything. So this I'm of course showing on a Windows 10 machine. And there's one intuitive thing here is that if you're using the speech assistant, you can actually go and talk to your speech assistant here on Windows 10 and ask me to show you this report. So I don't need this window open. I can actually go and type in it out, but I can actually speak it out as well. So I just go and say Power BI Sales Report. And you'll notice that the sales report comes up here. I click on it and it doesn't open a website for me. It actually opens that dashboard right here with all the possibilities that I can actually do. So I don't even need to go to a website to actually go and do things like this. And you can see the numbers are changing. So it becomes a live dashboard right there in the Windows user interface itself. You can do this on Android and iOS also as long as you install the Cortana app on that. And of course you have a pre-built app, a specific app for this as well. So that's a quick run-through of Power BI because that's not really what I'm talking about here. So now the question comes there, how do I get access to this data? My data could be anywhere right? Let's say that data is sitting on a server on my premises. It could be in a data center, but for all practical purposes that's on premises. So Power BI gives something called the on-premise data gateway. This is a kind of service that gets an agent which gets installed within an environment. I won't call it on the same server because it can actually handle multiple servers. It gets installed somewhere in your environment where the machine on which you install the gateway has access to all your data sources. Once it's installed within the network parameter, the data gateway has access to the data sources and that will then allow Power BI service to actually access your data. Now the data transfer itself is completely compressed and it is encrypted so the data on in transit is secure. So and the data on rest is also secure on the Power BI service. So that you don't have to worry about. So you can actually go ahead and query any kind of source data very very easily. Now the only requirements for this gateway is that the machine has to be on a Power BI server running 64 bit windows. It could actually be even on a Windows 10 machine or even a Windows 7 or 8 machine as long as it's a 64 bit operating system and it's always on for all practical purposes. You can install multiple gateways within the same network if you have that many data sources that you want to access you can actually do it but it should be as close as possible to the data source. So if you have a database server, let's say you have a MySQL database sitting somewhere in your device in your data center. Install the gateway on a server either on the same server or on a server which is very close in terms of network. It's as close as possible to the data source itself. By default it uses outbound TCP 443 which is a secure TCP by default but in case TCP is disabled, any kind of TCP transmission is disabled you can configure to use HTTPS also. However there will be a small performance penalty in the case that you do that. Now the architecture is this, this is how it works. So you have a Power BI service sitting somewhere here you have something called a gateway cloud service which is hosted again in the cloud you don't have to worry about any of these other things. I'll come to this in a moment. You have a permitted network here and you install the gateway service on a machine somewhere in this network which has access to all your other data sources. So it could be databases, it could be even files. It could be Excel files, it could be access files, it could be anything. Basically anything which could be used as a data source it could be your analysis cubes if you have, if you already have created analysis cubes you can actually go ahead and do that. As long as the gateway has access to one of them your Power BI service will also get access. Now one of the nice things about this gateway service is that this gateway service is actually available not just to Power BI but for a bunch of other services as well. So there are things like Power apps and there's analysis services there's logic apps. So if you're writing AI based systems which need to access your data which your organization's data and take decisions and respond to users based on that data you can actually have that work with the same data gateway. You don't have separate data gateways for each of them. It just works very, very well with all of them. Flow is if anybody use IFTTT, right? If you use IFTTT if this then that which is a very nice way of you know kind of getting cloudware services from each other. Flow is an enterprise version of the same thing where you can have if something happens then do that kind of thing based on the data in your organization, right? So you can actually write, I mean not write code it's graphical for all practical purposes. You can actually go in and do that and it works quite nicely. So how does the data gateway work? It allows access to your organization data in two different modes. One is direct query where the moment I showed you a report every time a report is generated the report actually goes, talks to the gateway and then goes and talks to the actual data source and pulls the data out at that point of time, right? So it's sent every time and it's pulled, the data is pulled so it's very, it's real time at that point of time. The moment you look at it, it's real time. Obviously you should only use it when you want that level of real time data because obviously there will be a little bit of lag when that happens. Your gateway server also needs to be that much more powerful to be able to access this. The other is something called scheduled refresh where you can set up a schedule and say that okay I want my data to be refreshed on an hourly basis, dk basis, vk basis or whatever it is and the gateway will be responsible for actually pulling that data out, operating the visualizations and then going and showing all of that. So the configuration is very, very simple. There are two levels that you need to configure one is on the server, the gateway server itself and the second is configured on the Power BI cloud service so the screenshots are not clear. So what I have, I've already done this so I'm just going to quickly run into a small demo of this because I actually already did this. So what happens is when you're installing the Power BI gateway, this is where you actually go ahead and do it. You actually go in your report, go download the gateway run it on the server that you're trying to run it. It's very, very simple. Just say next, next, next. So there are two versions but obviously the recommended versions what you choose, there's also something about personal which I'm not ready to get into because that's meant for, as I said, if you want it from your laptop, if you want to send some data on Power BI you can do that. That's using a personal gateway. But in the case of an enterprise, that's basically what you need. So the first time you run it, the gateway actually goes and says that it obviously says where you want to install it and once it is installed it just makes it, and this is real time, right? I've not sped it up. This is what is happening in real time. It's actually just installing. I had done this on the server and the data that you saw is actually coming from the server sitting somewhere. And once it's done, for your cloud-based credentials for Power BI. So if you have a Power BI license, you basically give the cloud service credentials and it goes and configures the gateway for you at that point of time. So on the server side, that's basically all that you need to code. So that's the email address to use with this gateway. That's it, right? So you just basically give it. That's my email ID that I'm actually typing in. And ask me for the credentials. I enter my password. Obviously the name has to be given. What is the gateway name? Because you could have multiple gateways within your organization. So I'm just giving samples gateway or something like that and a recovery key.  So you install in your server, install this and say, okay, I want to recover from your existing gateway. Just give this password or the recovery key and it reconfigures it based on the existing one and decommission to the old one. So your old server gets decommission and that's it. That's done. That's the configuration all that you need. And the configuration is done. You can see it's ready, ready. The logic app requires a little bit more configuration but for Power BI, it's kind of done. And the only configuration that you could change is this one, the HTTPS mode. So in case your system is not able to connect so each state is connected, if it's not able to connect to the Power BI server, it will say not connected. So this one, network status connected. If it's not connected, it will show up in red and say that it's not connected. In that case, just switch this HTTPS mode on and then retry it should work. That's basically it. On the server end, on the cloud end, there's a little bit more configuration that's required. So what you do is you go to the cloud, you go to the report. So this is the report. So you go to the data set. Basically the data set is the place, the information that you're pulling out. And you need to say that, okay, I want to pull this out using this gateway. So what you do is first of all, go to the gateway. So I'll just show you. So you go to the data sets. You quickly go to the, I can show this live as well. So here it says you don't have a gateway installed because I've already configured it on the cloud. So I can go and say manage gateways. So there's a link which says manage gateways and you'll see that the gateway actually shows up here. So this is the gateway that I just finished installing. It's Apple's gateway. And now I just go and add a data source. So my gateway is installed. Now I need to tell the gateway, hey, where do I need to connect to? So I go and say, okay, in my case it was a SQL server machine. So I give it the name of the server. I give it the credentials to that server. So I'm going to jump through this. So I'm giving some credentials. And that's basically it. I can see, so now I go to the data set and say, okay, for this particular report, I want to use this gateway, right? So now you can see that this says online. This is the gateway that is there. And you will go and just turn this on. So you use a gateway, apply. And it's already picked up the data source credentials automatically. Say that, okay, fine. I understand that this data is coming from this gateway and this is the credentials that is there. That's basically it. And now I can say I want to schedule. I want a refresh, which is scheduled. So I can actually go and pick up the data on a daily basis at some particular piece, particular time. I can do it multiple times a day. So the schedule refresh is up to one hour. Right? So I can have refreshes up to one hour. Direct queries are instantaneous. I mean, it's real time. Right? So that's basically it. It's as simple as going ahead and setting this up and setting up your gateway or to connect to a data source. So that's quick run through of all we have. So if you have any questions, I'll take that up. And that's my comment. Thank you.