الحمد لله رب العالمين والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله أما بعد السلام وعليكم ورحمة الله تقوم with the viewers شبرا محمد here with back at it again with another how I learned Arabic stories interview slash conversation and now here with my brother Faisal all the way from Holland and insha'Allah today he's going to share with us how he learned Arabic and we're going to be exchanging some nice words insha'Allah for the next 45 to one hour so tune in insha'Allah and let's get started so insha'Allah first of all I would like to say salamu alaikum to the brother Faisal السلام عليكم ورحمة الله ورحمة الله محمد الحمد لله كيف أنت؟ الحمد لله أنا مخير إن شاء الله طيب إن شاء الله so what I want from you now I just want some context and some you know some little background by yourself and a little bit by yourself are perfect that's no problem so I'm 24 years old I'm from Somali background I do have a bit of Yemeni somewhere but most Somalis have that my grandma is actually my grandma is Yemeni so basically I was born here in Holland raised here I lived about 2 years in Birmingham I moved there for about 2 years but after that I returned back to Holland so basically I just grew up here in Holland and I'm studying IT right now this is 2 years university and study computer science and that's what I do my daily life study and teach Arabic right now مشاء الله طيب that's nice I'm actually so I'm actually interested about the IT as well just to know about it because I remember you know I'm always but yeah obviously I'm not going to ask you in this interview how about inshallah we'll talk about it طيب على كل حال um طيب so so how do you learn Arabic that's the main question that's the main question basically how it all started was when I was like 16 I was trying to about 16 when I was 16 to 17 I started practicing before that I wasn't really practicing and then when I started practicing just like it's very similar to this part of the story it's very similar to the story of Nostiha because I listened to her interview as well how she said like it was a drum into us that like as soon as you like become religious you're supposed to study the Quran right it's like it's like it's like a program inside of you you go to Duxia exactly because before I used to go to Duxia before that when I was in France I used to go to Duxia but it was more of a force you know it was a force the one I was 16 exactly when I was 16 years old I was going to Duxia I was memorizing like half of this I'm not the first head but then again it was not a choice I didn't really like it so when I eventually I stopped going there and when I was 17 when I decided like okay now I want to actually like learn stuff I want to become perhaps I want to start praying I want to start doing the things that I'm supposed to do then I started memorizing automatically I was like okay now I'm going to start today then I started and I was starting you know when people start reading what's that called like the phonetic script you know the English script exactly so I had this to money and I used to every week I used to like I started I started with sort of fat having a class and then he noticed every time I was reading I was making major mistakes and like one day he was like why don't you just learn Arabic no I was like that I was like is that option you know is that even possible he was like why don't you just learn because you're making mistakes every time I was making like because the the phonetic script doesn't have any tujubi rules in the minute so it doesn't have to fit to you make you're going to make tujubi rules even if you're the best English reader you're going to make it to do yes so I'll make you make you mistakes and make it your life you should just learn Arabic you should just start then what happened what just happened very interesting we had the doocy it wasn't actually in a mosque it was at someone's house and the owner of the house he was like come here sit with me and he said he's just the owner of the house he's just after the class he came I'm going to teach you how to read Arabic so I'm like alright cool let's just do this the only thing he did is he learned how to read any bad tab and then when I saw that I was like this is so easy that's the whole Arabic little bit yeah he just he just learned me the first few and how to connect it with the حركات and I was like this is how it works and I was like oh this is actually pretty easy it's not even hard so I started doing it by myself وننتظر إلى مدينة ونسألت بسرعة وما ساعدني في هذا العدد قمت بحيث أنه أول ماعلم لقد كانت only Arabic أردت أردت محاليات لأنه أردت مراركين وكانت فقط مراركين أردت مراركين فالمرارب المعارب يتكلمون هنا لأنهم يأتيون من مراركين وكانت فكرة أكثر من تكلمون أردتهم لأنه عندما أمرأت أجل أصدها أنه يقوم بعمل في مدينة المدينة، ويغلق على مدينة المدينة ويصلك على مدينة تستطيع إفتاقات ما انت في الواسف لذا اتعلموا انها مدينة المدينة ولكن اعرفتها في الأسفل في الواسف واتفعلها كما فعلنا وقد فعلت كثيرا من الواسف يجب ان تطلب أسئلية المسألية المتحدة لأنها مجد من التفاق وقد تقوم بعمل مدينة المدينة ولم يبدأ هل أنت لن تتعلم بشكل كبير ؟ هل أنت لن تتعلم بشكل كبير ؟ هل أنت لن تتعلم بشكل كبير ؟ even though you could but most of the times when you by yourself you tend to to want to do a bunch of things so yeah yeah I didn't want to cut you but for those who don't know what Duxy is because to be honest the first time I heard about it is with Nastecha so for those who don't know what Duxy is is a Quranic school for in the Somali dialect I guess and then I wanted to add to what you said in terms of the phonetic you know memorizing the Quran in a phonetic way I did that for like a few سور before I went to Egypt for the you know and the short ones and then I went to Egypt I had this Libyan teacher and I started reciting what I knew and he was like is that even Quran what is that what are you reciting and it was by myself you skipped the whole مخارج الحروف it's just like English alphabet Arabic words doesn't make sense it's crazy as well because my parents mainly my mom she's Spanish she accepted Islam like years ago basically but what she knows is at the age you know the du'as in in phonetic so she would say like whatever you know when I was younger my father would say like if this happens to you then say this and he will give me something and I'm like what the heck does that even mean and then when I learned Arabic I came back and I would hear my parents say that and it would be something completely different so this is a big transformation this is a big warning to those who are starting out don't you ever try and memorize anything in phonetical you know I mean in phonetical it's something like people think it's like a blessing when the books came out in Holland and it's like they have this just عما and it's like but it keeps you behind because if you memorize in that way as well it's hard to remove it out of your head it's like being addicted to something and being hard to to remove it anyways I wanted to ask you before you started when you decided that you wanted to learn Arabic before you started what was the main frustrations that you was experiencing not knowing Arabic the main frustrations to be honest not understanding دعالة was very annoying because you learned دعالة then the Dutch translation the main I'm telling you that the two main frustrations that I ever had was one I remember the first time ever my whole life I opened sort of a Quran in Dutch I remember it like today I started reading the Quran I was just like from today I'm going to learn what's in this book I opened it up and I opened the Dutch translation we had this book at home and I opened it up and I read it and I didn't understand anything literally not one sentence that's what I said yesterday to the brother in Hanif I tried reading it in Spanish actually and I didn't understand anything yeah and I was like this sentence is coming back two times is there something wrong with this translation because I have to repeat so I repeat and it looks like it looks a lot and it comes back a couple of times almost the same as I and then I read it and I was like did I just find out that this sentence so I was checking the I in Dutch it said the same thing here I remember like I was like I want to understand this but I can't it's like I couldn't understand as well so that was a big reason for me to be Arabic and I remember when I finished I was I was just ran and listening to the Sa'adi and I was just learning a bit more of the meanings and then I was like I remember it said like the subject and then you see the structure and I was like this structure I could never I would see if I read it in Dutch I could never even you have to be a genius to be able to see that no no no no especially in the beginning as you see it's about the Mu'mini and then it's about the description of the disbelievers and then about the description of مرافق and then in Dutch I could never see that I couldn't see it so that was a big frustration not understanding and I have this thing in me which I hate the feeling that when I don't understand something it makes me very irritated so I like to understand but I have this thing I need to understand so do you memorize Quran as well yeah I memorize I started when I was 17 and finished for right now but we've had like because we're in the west we don't have like there's not many there's no مراكس or something it's just like Imam is in MSG and you just ask him to teach you and he teaches you and then Imam usually just go away after 6 months right and then yeah then you start over and find a new teacher after 3 months so I did that for like the past 7 years so I remember I used to I learned to talk to him but I could have gone way faster I have a teacher right now he's got an Ijaz and a Qara'a the 10 Qara'a and I'm studying with him right now so you you are more or less around فرقان yesterday I'm from I mean فرقان so you actually went back to and you just started from فرقان yeah when I finished I was like I can take the challenge so hard and I can do this when I finished I was like this is nice I like long ayat it's more easy to memorize yeah that's true it's like people say it's way harder but because when I learned the grammar I could just feel like I was gonna and I know this I know this so it's very easy to memorize long ayat فرقان I remember when I was in Al-Azhar right? in Fakr 2 of Sharia and we had to memorize but I was memorizing I was going to America what I mean the most from Egypt is that America is a haramain so for whoever who's whoever who's listening to this and is going to Egypt if you wanna place to memorize Quran the haramain is in the 9th place what city if you go to if you are in Mustafa Al-Nahas coming from from down the city from down time basically going up towards Al-Ashir you get to Akhir Al-Metro in Akhir Al-Metro you take a right and you ask for Masjid Al-Haramain that Masjid as well it's really exclusive basically they will choose you basically but yeah I was going there and they tell you to start from Juz Amma because it's harder and then it gets easier and so I went back to the sheikh and I said I have exams in the university I need to memorize Surah Al-Baqara I can go to Surah Al-Baqara and then come back he said no no no you can you can you can then Alhamdulillah to let me do it but he said ok you memorize by yourself you go memorize in the markets and then you come back so I memorized that Surah Al-Baqara and I was memorizing the long ayat which is basically stories as long as you understand what's going on and I was like it's easy it's way easier than if you understand you can follow the structure the second ayat is probably about this you can like feel it and then he did this and then if you just follow the story basically exactly I agree 100% it becomes easier so how do you manage obviously you was young so I guess you was living in your parents house was you going to school at the same time working? yeah I was going to what actually happened I was studying I was in a high school that's high school and that's when I started with the Arabic alphabet and as soon as I went to the university what happened is there was a time frame where I was I had a year between off and in that year I just did everything I could do so that year I went full time almost so what I did is I finished at the beginning of the first book the end of the first Medina book and at the second book and the third book and at the same time I was listening every day so I was listening and what helped me a lot was I listened a lot to the The Roots of Shif and Artemi on YouTube so I listened to the cast that recorded and I just like so I just finished random so I didn't really care what I was listening to if it was the studio or if it was like if it was like I was just listening to it doesn't matter so I even listened to the random to the I was just listening to that just following the conversation so I listened to that a lot so as soon as that like it kicked starting as soon as I could understand what they were saying the other stuff wasn't so hard so that was a major so what I also used to do was buy books which were like with the cast that recorded which I could find the cast that recorded on YouTube so some of the examples you could find like the audio was in the same space as the book itself so you can read it a lot so you're saying that there's channels where they teach the full book basically or they have uploaded all the The Roots of Dimash so I used to there's a channel on YouTube it's called like I think it's something called and then it has like a playlist of like everything so I used to listen to random like like a random bab I was interested in which it didn't really interest me what I was saying to as long as I would find interesting enough to listen doesn't matter what book what level I would just listen to and I would just like do that a lot so I did that like a lot and also a second thing it's more of an advanced stage it's somebody advised me to listen to this thing called ألفو ليلة و ليلة what is it ألفو ليلة و ليلة it's like an Egyptian radio okay it's like an Egyptian radio show and it's like they speak in فصحة and they tell stories of like 1000 known Arabian nights and they tell the stories and it's in فصحة and the conversations are so cool which makes it like help me a lot but that's like this year I didn't do that before before I was listening to a lot of cassette recorders trying to look up words using if I check my favorite like most visited website it said like the المعاني yeah I always go to that one المعاني exactly so right now if I check my thing it says this website called context reversal which like gives you like English words instead of the Arabic ones and like المعاني which I mostly use so yeah so what would be what would be the three main things that has helped you the most to become fluent in Arabic right now as in understanding reading I would say staying like in connection with the language it's very important I see many people they follow me for example I learned Arabic not so much in a classroom right I learned in a classroom because I was found that my teacher speaks in Arabic so of course that's that part but the نحو and stuff I didn't teach from the beginning stage of نحو that was not for the teacher so what helped me a lot was the main three things that you say it helped it helped you to to become fluent you know so first thing was like staying consistent which is like a major thing I was like when I always had a rule is I'm never going to stop learning Arabic so it was like and I count like lots of things in Arabic when I say I'm studying I see it as doing Arabic I'm like okay I'm doing I'm staying connected with Arabic I'm still learning so it was like I had this rule which was like whatever you do can you make sure you're in the middle of the frame okay wait let me just try this the iPhone so like like that yeah exactly so there was a rule which was like I have to stay I have to keep on doing stuff in Arabic alright I will never stop and another thing that helped me was like is like that I had to I always I never made it boring I always make sure like I was motivated enough so for example when I learned when I was for example what motivated me a lot for example is when I learned a lot of new words and then I started learning the Quran again and then I was like wow I understand so much more I need the small more person because learning Arabic it makes you feel like one day you feel like I can't I don't know anything it's a very weird feeling like one day you read a book and you're like I can speak Arabic I'm fluent and the next day you'll see poetry and you're like I can't speak Arabic I don't know any Arabic but these like in English as well I mean if you read a book in I don't know in neuro neuro linguistics you'll be like oh I don't understand English but then if you read a book on the story of whatever you know exactly so that keep yourself motivated it's a very important you have to keep yourself motivated and I always tend to for example what I'm doing right now I asked the Imam if I could translate the Khutbah for him so I translated the Khutbah now and I was translating for a while for the last couple of weeks I was translating two Khutbahs at the same time so I would send one off and the last three ones I did it myself so the small things they help a lot because it just forces you to just learn more about the vocabulary so I would just even though I was in the market I would always make sure that enough to do so that's something that's something definitely that can and the third is like immerse yourself you have to immerse yourself just throw yourself in it I said like like was that right now I'm going to show you like I have like notes right here and like my notes is just written in Arabic so I do that I make sure that I'm using it I'm making sure that I'm staying connected with it I work for once I work all the time I change my whole YouTube language I change my phone language I set myself every kind of entertain which I'm going to involve myself it has to be something with Arabic and the reason why I was asking you that is because you said you used to listen a lot is because what I give to my students in the beginning of the program once they join I make sure that they have this hanged up or on their wall and it basically says that there's only three things that matters throughout your whole journey there's only three things that matters memorizing new vocabulary hearing it being used and using it yourself this is what I was trying to see if you would say the same thing because what you said is this but a little bit more like specific and I mean it comes down to this as you said to immerge yourself memorizing and using it yourself and I mean that's something that I was nervous about in the beginning when I went to Egypt I was like how am I going to stand the teacher experience something if I don't know Arabic and he only knows Arabic how is that going to happen but I mean you know this is exactly how I learned French as well exactly how I learned English it's just how you learn that's true that's 100% true I actually experienced this myself but when I finished the middle books you lack a lot of vocabulary when you finish it still you lack a lot of vocabulary because if you go through it like me I went through it fast I like the fast method just like doing like three lessons all the time going very fast with the vocabulary and you're like wait I don't know about the vocabulary yeah I think that the Medina books I I've looked I didn't study them myself I studied Arabic but we used to have like students from the in Medina they used to come to Egypt in summertime because they said it's not enough like Medina books is not enough for us and I mean I've seen it myself what about even students who finished the three books of Medina and still can't talk yeah that's 100% that's 100% something because I teach the Medina books right now and I'll just say this is the book it's not going to help you talk there's stuff that you learn from there's stuff you don't you have other sources that you're learning from أثناء كذلك و العسوء الجيد أن يتكلمون ما يتكلمون و كيف أفعل هذا المفتاح؟ يوجد لأنه لا يوجد أيضا مجددا يجب أن تستخدمه الآن ولكن يجب أن يتكلمون و يجد أن يتكلمون إذا كنت تعتقد أنه من أمام هذه الأشياء أنت ستكون وتفعلها لا تحدث أذن في أشياء الأشياء سأعود أن أخبر أجل حسنا كانت من when you started all the way until you was like oh I actually understand now and can use it that's a very good question I think that was I wasn't in the beginning phase I wasn't very consistent but I can I know verse what happened to me what happened with me was when I finished the first in a book as soon as I as that year I had off I took the year off in the university that year I put like this for the year I can actually speak Arabic because I was starting to was I was trying to make a lot of friends I started to use every single thing in the year and I was using that and when I was using like a website for translation I felt like I could communicate everything I wanted to at least by typing I could do that so I was talking so much because I think because I think it was the back when I was stuck every day then at that moment like after that was like 3 3 years and I guess but it wasn't 3 years and consistent but I think it was 3 years and that I was like okay now I feel like I can actually like to say anything I want you know so I wouldn't say it takes 3 years because I have friends that I used to do about this and they didn't they could speak in a year they could say anything they wanted yeah definitely I would say if you if you like if you focus on it and you give it a good one hour per day is one year you know but seriously like consistent every day relentless persistent I've seen it no no I've seen it what you're saying right now I've seen it I had a brother who was a convert and what he did literally was okay he was memorizing so he was just converted right and I'm done I think just before I'm like converted and in 6 months you could already communicate like you can start communicate before you knew before you were just converted I could speak in Arabic by tech but he was like I think the main thing right here is that many people think that was wrong I think very hard and I think I can only learn as soon as I go abroad no it's a major no no no so what were the main books that you used throughout your journey okay so the main books I used throughout my journey let me see let me see so basically what I did was I used the Medina Arabic.com website it's a site where you can where they put all the Medina Arabic books digitally on the website I used that to learn how to read once I learned how to read I was starting with the Medina books so I did those fill in all the grammar I needed as soon as I finished that and what I learned from the most was actually then listening to other recordings just listening listening to as much as you can and listening as much as much as you can I don't know how many hours I listened I listened a lot so that was a very good I would never regret that and the thing about listening is people make it you don't have to be correct just put a recording up when you walk from home to the safe when you walk from home to school when you walk from home to just put a recording that's what I used to do when I walk and I go to university just put a recording up just ran them it's better than just like in the structure just put it on try to listen to it if you already learned this specific subject in English or French you have plus one because you know what it's going to talk about so that helps a lot so just listen listen listen listen and after that I actually continued to send it to myself so the first thing I did when I finished the books I sent it to myself it doesn't matter what but I'm going to learn how to read books so I went to the bookshop and I bought a I bought a book I bought a book I bought a book I just bought all the books and then I was like you know what I remember the guy behind the thing in the store he sent me can you read this who's going to explain it to you I was like I can't read it but I will be able to read it next year and he was laughing the guy was laughing he was like how are you going to do this I was like don't worry about me I'm going to do it and the guy behind the chair he said don't mess with this guy he's going to do it he was a Somali actually it's it's a Masjid Rahma it's a Masjid Rahma it's called Masjid Rahma it's a Somali mosque and they have a myth for better and the guy was like he said with two guys and one said how are you going to do this it's pessimistic I was like he's going to do it no no no so basically that year I made for myself I bought this I made this chair I was looking at it I didn't worry and I was laughing people it's not it's only about it's a lot about it's most of it is it's true it's about vocabulary it's about the most I think that's the most is it's vocabulary I'm not going to lie it's the vocabulary it's the like the thing that makes your head like when I when I read that's when I that's when I felt like I learned the most because that moment it was like it says for example I remember one day I was reading I was checking this book I was checking I was reading it it said like this is this it means I don't know I don't know this and that's when you feel like I know I understand this you know what I mean No, no, no yeah so I remember I was like the word twilight I think it's the word twilight again twilight in Arabic it's a word not but it said like it describes the word and then you and then you and then you and then you I know how to understand this even twilight in English I don't even know twilight is like it's like between the red when the sun goes down and you see like the two lights come the light in Arabic it's a word that comes to just I looked it up once and and that's what I know about it anyways that's what that's when I felt like you got me you got me you got me and checking it up in Arabic looking it up in Arabic even that's what I'm doing right now that's currently on my planet right now شهر عبد الحسن has this has this has this yeah شهر عبد الحسن from that's now in Dubai but it used to be in England yeah has this manhaj in learning like a تفسير and he says first you need to learn this book another in مشتركات مشتركات القرآن and then you go to كلمات القرآن تفسير موبيان from محمد حسنين and then it says you need to do تفسير القريب or something but it's all about we need to worship the Quran and I'm doing that right now and it's helping me a lot as well طيب so so obviously all of this journey it was it was quote unquote by yourself I can't actually say that because it's not completely by myself because the last year I started this year beginning this year I started doing نظل أجرومية and I had a teacher that's paying me that but so I memorized I memorized like 70% I think right now and and I started with him and inshallah we're going to finish next month we're going to pick it up again but he's a student that I was in Mauritania as well and I did it with him and we did like the first two babs we did like 12 lessons for just the first 30 bates just the 15 lessons so how does it start how does this rhythm start okay طيب it's like it yeah now so yeah I was just thinking about here in Mauritania it's crazy man they memorize everything they put everything in another and they memorize it but it's the best way to keep all the rules in your head I love it to be honest because right now right now the bates because I teach in Arabic so the bates I already know sometimes I try to like use it in the class even before I know the شرح I know like how we can use it right because I know the Arabic so I'm like okay you want to know the علامات of the I know it and I'll just use another and I'll say okay that's one that's one that's two that's three it helps a lot to be honest plus to teach it as well yeah exactly because if you want to know the علامات you can't memorize all the علامات of all the you can't it's hard to memorize without knowing the other it's easy to know it just to understanding it it's not hard to learn all the علامات to the Arabic but then to be explaining all of them to someone how are you going to memorize that you need a book or if you memorize another it becomes very easy and you just use another no definitely so okay the last two questions how of an impact has had learning the Arabic language in your life that's a very I would say a major impact major impact because it helped me I always wanted to learn how to understand the Qur'an and I felt like there was something like there was like a barrier between reaching that goal that they felt like you can never actually you really understand because I'm not when I say I understand the Qur'an I don't like the people when I say they understand the Qur'an they know the explanation which is not enough for me I want to know the actual meaning of the so many people they when they're like I want to learn the meaning of the Qur'an and what they do is they buy English this year before they even buy an English Arabic book like an Arabic book what I would say what they think I want to learn the meaning of the Qur'an so they just like to see but the fear 10 of all these in English before they even started with any Arabic so I would say my my function was always to learn how to understand the Qur'an and learning Arabic is helping me to to get closer to see that goal like I can see it now you know it's not a dream anymore I can actually see myself learning all of that and and I have a book here from I've worked with Zair and I've worked with the game part of it and I can see like if I haven't finished I could actually understand the Qur'an like this is an amazing idea I started I started to talk back I'm like if I do this I can actually understand the Qur'an which makes I feel like learning Arabic make me able to to do this and understand the Qur'an which is a major plus and to be honest I wouldn't trade for anything it's like a big lesson no no no today but the last the last question what would be your advice for the person that knows and acknowledges the importance of learning Arabic however for whatever reason haven't or he didn't start yet you know I like this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this this هل أنت ستتحدث عن أربي؟ هل أنت ستحدث عن أربي؟ هل أنت ستحدث عن أربي؟ نعم خلاص أبا إن شاء الله نكمل ونغلق هذه الدورة بالعربية فإن شاء الله لا أدري حتى ما سألك نقول طيب أنت أغلق هذه الدورة لأنني خلاص حسناً حسناً لأخوتي والأخوات المستمعين والمستمعات أرجو أن أستفتهم من هذه الحلقة إن شاء الله أرجو من الجميع لأن الذين لم يبدأوا بالتعلم العرضية أن يبدأوا اليوم لا أدري أقول لا أدري لا أدري أنت ستبدأ اليوم وإن شاء الله أبدأوا اليوم وتعلموا هذه اللغة وستكونوا إن شاء الله ستكونوا إنسان مختلفة إن شاء الله إن شاء الله بارك الله فيك لأخوتي الذين are interested in learning the Arabic language you guys can check out my personal case study down below how I did it and how you can do it from today إن شاء الله bless us all and give us tawfiq السلام عليكم ورحمة الله خنا فيصل السلام ورحمة الله بارك الله


Apgar Scoring in the Newborn Apgar Scoring was developed in 1953 by Dr. Virginia Apgar, who described five signs that could be determined easily and without interfering with the care of the infant. A rating of zero, one, or two is given to each sign depending on whether it is absent or present. A score of ten indicates a baby in the best possible condition. The judging of the five objective signs is generally done at one minute of age after delivery and at five minutes of age. A score of seven to ten is considered normal, while four to seven might require some resuscitative measure. A score of three and below requires immediate resuscitation. This chart indicates each of the signs and scores. Apgar Scoring for Newborns The Apgar score was published in 1953. Ten years later, an acronym was reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association that helped teach the Apgar score by using the letters A, P, G, A, and R. This acronym was co-authored by Dr. Joseph Butterfield. Activity Muscle Tone Muscle Tone refers to the amount of active motion of the extremities. A score of zero indicates a newborn who is limp and without movement. A score of one indicates a newborn has some flexion of the extremities. A score of two is an excellent score which indicates spontaneous movement of arms and legs that resist extension. Pulse refers to the heart rate of the newborn during the time of scoring. The heart rate is determined by placing a stethoscope on the newborn's chest listening for the heart rate. A score of zero indicates that there is no heart rate. A score of two indicates that there is a heart rate of 100 to 140. Reflex Irritability Reflex Irritability refers to a response to some form of stimulation such as suctioning the nose and mouth. Suctioning with a bulb syringe after delivery to clear the airway often elicits a response of facial grimacing, sneezing, or coughing. A score of zero indicates that there is no response to any stimulation. A score of one indicates that there is slight grimacing with no sneezing or coughing with stimulation. A score of two indicates that there is grimacing, sneezing, coughing, crying, or vigorous movement with stimulation. All infants are cyanotic at birth because of their high capacity for carrying oxygen and the low oxygen saturation in their blood. The disappearance of cyanosis depends on respiratory effort and heart rate. A score of zero indicates that the infant remained gray, pale, or obviously cyanotic over the trunk and extremities. A score of one indicates that the infant's skin color is pink with the exception of the hands and feet. This is called acrosionosis. Acrosionosis is very common and can occur in spite of excellent ventilation. Most infants fall into this category. A score of two indicates a newborn's entire body and extremities are pink. Respiratory effort, this refers to the newborn's respiratory effort at 60 seconds and 5 minutes of age. A score of zero indicates that there is no respiratory effort. This is referred to as apnea. A score of one indicates that there is irregular shallow ventilation or a gasp once at 30 or 45 seconds after birth. A score of two indicates that there is regular breathing and or a lusty cry. You have completed this learning activity, apgar scoring in the newborn.


get out with a sort of a word of warning and that is that you might realize that you're working in fact for a highly ineffective company. This is more of a where do we want to go, should I've been pondering over and over again over the last couple years like seriously. And this is a community I invested the whole lot of time and energy and I've traveled around the world, I've spoken, I've run training, I've been in this community for more than 10 years but what have we really achieved with Agile? Maybe we've fixed the IT departments, but have we fixed organizations as a whole? These guys were the sort of one of the most biggest success stories of Agile and Scrum adoption in the early 2000s, tens hundreds of teams working together. Everyone wanted to be like Nokia in the early 2000s. Same thing, tens, hundreds of teams across the entire organization yet these two companies haven't really taken over their market have they? Here's the share price of one of Australia's most admired Agile sort of listed company and five of its peers. You get no bonus point for guessing which is the Agile organization. It's the worst performing organization. So have we fixed organizations with Agile? Well the answer is at least not always. So what is this highly effective organization? And why is it important? And basically one of the only things I could come up with is sort of organizations that are prepared for the realities of the 21st century. But what's so different about that 21st century? And basically it's a massive increase in uncertainty, unpredictability and complexity. These are three massive things that are very, very different than the business reality of the 20th century. But I really want to focus in on that last thing, complexity. It's what is complex and what's complexity. And we often sort of use it interchangeably with the word complicated. We use the words complicated and complex sort of interchangeably to sort of mean the same thing, this thing that's hard to understand. But they're two very, very different things. And basically what I use sort of gaming analogies. Chess is a complicated game. The rules are very simple. And we need to sort of analyze and predict what our opponents are doing. But we can analyze things. We can look at the board, figure out what's going to go on, predict what's going to go happen, and then sort of make our moves. Which is contrasted to poker. Poker is a complex game. It's a very different game than chess. If you pay Texas hold them, so you get two cards. Everyone's got two cards. Looking at those two cards, there's no amount of thinking and analyzing that you can do that will help you playing poker. And that's the most important thing. Poker is about learning, as Richard was saying earlier in the keynote, sort of creating that learning organization. That is because we're dealing with complex organizations. We're dealing with complex problems. And they're very different than complicated ones. It's no longer sufficient to be able to analyze and think things through. So a complex environment is an environment where sort of cause and effect are only obvious in hindsight. With unpredictable emergent outcomes. And what that means is emergent outcomes means that we will figure out what the solution is while we're solving the problem. And that's very important. So while we're solving the problem, we will figure out what the solution is instead of working out in advance. So if you take sort of the two sort of chess and poker again, whoever is the best at predicting will win chess. Whoever is the best at learning will win poker. If you look at the top poker players, top chess players in the world, there's no overlap. But we've built all of our organizations around that complicate problem solving that we don't have anymore. The only way we can make chess matches interesting is put a time limit on them. Because otherwise people would just take days to make a move. Chess would be take as long as sort of cricket would probably be about as exciting. That joke doesn't go well on Australian. I figured it wasn't going to go very well here. But one of the most important things to do is we have to go from scaling efficiency to scalable learning. Massive, massive change in mindset from scalable efficiency to scalable learning. Now, a metaphor I often use for our current organizations are eggs. Eggs and people don't realize eggs are some of the most robust structures you can find.  And that's what our current organizations are. They're sort of optimized for that one thing that we know. An egg only has to withstand two things, falling out of the chicken and a chicken sitting on top of it. And it's very well suited. It's very robust for those two things. Known forces. Yet we all know what happens when unexpected things happen. The side of the bowl. And our eggs break. And that's what we see over and over again in our organizations as well. So I want to talk really quickly about this thing we call end of fragility. And Nicola Talib coined the term anti-fragile because what he realized is that the opposite of fragile isn't robust. And that's what we think a lot. The opposite of fragile is robust. And that's not the case. Robust is just less fragile. It takes more force and more sort of adversity to kill something, to destroy something that's robust. What he figured out that there were things that get better the more problems there are. And this is a picture of the MSRA bacteria, which is known as resistance to all known antibiotics.  We've all heard of Netflix, I imagine. I'm sure they've rolled out in even India by now. They made it to Australia. So I can only assume the rest of the world has Netflix by now. But they've introduced this amazing thing called chaos monkey. And chaos monkey is revolutionary on a sort of, not just a technical level, but also on that sort of anti-fragile thinking. So basically, Netflix has one of the most complex IT infrastructures on the planet. It's absolutely massive and the scope is mind boggling. And what they've very quickly realized was that it couldn't plan that big an infrastructure. It was too big, it was too unwieldy. They have hundreds of services serving millions of customers. They couldn't plan the thing anymore. So what they did is they wrote this thing called chaos monkey. And basically what chaos monkey does is it goes around and it randomly kills servers in production. And that's the insane bit. So chaos monkey literally goes around and kills servers in production. Because their infrastructures build in such a way, designed in such a way that that should be possible. But they go around and it's random. It's not sort of they picked. So during office hours, chaos monkey will go, I just killed this.  It will say I have killed this. And the operations engineers sort of figure out, did anything go wrong? Nope. Cool. Awesome. And every now and then something will go wrong. And then they'll figure out what went wrong. And they'll fix it. So Netflix has introduced that adversity to increase the resilience of their IT infrastructure. And it's exactly that sort of thinking that we need in our organizations as a whole, not just our IT infrastructures. The only competitive advantage left in the 21st century is adaptability. We need to be able to adapt much quicker. And that's what the seven habits are all about. How do we get that learning, adapting company? Now, as William Gibson famously said, the futures are right here. It's just not very easily distributed. There are a few really good companies out there. And when you're start looking at them, you're start seeing the same patterns over and over and over again. And that's sort of what I'm calling the seven habits. So all the examples I'm talking about are doing all of these things very well. So the first category is people. And the first, a lot of people seem sort of, it's a bit obvious. You have to trust your people ever like, Oh, cool. So trusting people is important. So at work, do you get to decide where you work? When you work? Maybe do you get to decide how you work? Less likely with whom you work? Who's on your team? On what you work? Do you have a company credit card? Why not? Because you're not trusted to want to or be able to make the right decisions. And it's that simple. So trusting people is very, very hard. What I often see is how we trust our people.  We talk about the screwing up part later. I quickly want to talk about a company called VELV software. VELV is a gaming company on Bethesda. And they have a very interesting problem. Now one of their biggest problems is it takes new hires about six months to realize that there's no one there telling them what to do. That's your biggest problem. It's a pretty cool problem to have. So what they did is they wrote they wrote this thing called the VELV employee handbook, which is an absolutely amazing reading. You should go go ahead and read it. A fearless adventure in knowing what to do when there's no one there telling you what to do. Now one of my favorite passages from the employee VELV employee handbook is the glossary entry for Gabe Newell. He's the owner of VELV. And it goes of all the people at VELV who are not your boss, Gapes the most not your boss. Which I find really interesting. I want to talk about VELV, everyone I talked to, like execs, managers everywhere, they go like, Oh, yeah, but that's fine. That it's easy. It's easy for VELV. They're a gaming company, there's a cool company. They've got highly skilled developers and designers, and it wouldn't would never work here. Like as Richard says, wouldn't work here. Morningstar is the largest tomato processor in California. And they do it with the factory workers, they do it with farmhands, they do it with people that have absolutely no education, and are just just processing tomatoes. Definitely not a cop out to start trusting your people. If you're the reading person, after every habit, I'm just gonna put three sort of suggested readings on there. Don't try to scribble them down. I'll make sure you guys get the slides in there on there. So number one, trust people. Number two is not just tolerate. This is important, not just tolerate failure, you have to embrace failure. Again, as Richard was saying earlier, it's about failing fast, right? How can we very quickly figure out that we're on the wrong path? And some experts on failing. I haven't failed I've found 10,000 ways that won't work. I love this Michael Jordan quote. I've lost almost 300 games and 26 times I've been trusted to take the game winning shot and missed. I have failed over and over and over again in my life. And that's why I succeed. Amazing quote. And then there's all the lines that anyone has never made a mistake has never tried anything new. And that's why when we're talking about sort of companies, we're talking to companies and we're like, Oh, we want to have this sort of innovative culture where people sort of take charge and show initiative. And then we punish everything that doesn't go as planned. We have to not just allow for that failure, we have to sort of embrace that failure. We know we're going to fail. That's what a lot about Richard presentation, you know, like we know we're gonna we're nowhere wrong about stuff. We just know we don't know which stuff we're wrong about which stuff we're right about. Awesome company that sort of takes us to the next level is Spotify. Spotify at one point wanted to introduce a bonus system, paid bonuses. And obviously, in a company that trusts people as much as Spotify, that whole manager, the whole sort of manager upon your bonuses thing couldn't possibly work there, couldn't possibly work. So what they did was they experimented with a thing called sort of pure bonus. And basically, everyone was given some money to give to someone else as a bonus. And what's this awesome idea that completely utterly failed? The guy who wrote the sort of awesome iOS thingy got all the bonus, and someone in the basement watching log files cut absolutely nothing. So they scrapped it. And their way of scrapping it, they went out to the office and treated everyone to cake. Like, we're sorry. This wasn't an experiment. We really thought it was going to work, but it didn't.  This is the actual sort of whiteboard, the fail wall at Spotify, where we sort of chuck in stuff that we've learned, things that went wrong and the things that we learned from it. Because that's the most important thing. What can we learn from the things that are failure? So three awesome books about how to feel smartly. So number two is embrace failure. The second sort of categories sort of the organization as a whole. And one of the most important things to do there is to be brutally honest with yourself, with ourselves as a company. Being that brutally honest. Does anyone know what this is? Any guesses? The media player? No, it's not a media player. This is indeed, this is the first digital camera that was invented by Eastman Kodak in 1975. That's right. 30 years before they were all but put out of business by the digital camera, Kodak invented the thing. This is mind boggling. So Kodak invented digital camera in 1975. And they spent millions and millions on research on it. But they were never able to bet the farm on it. The only reason they're still alive today is because of that patent portfolio. Nothing else. Now we all know how this famous battle went down. Netflix versus Blockbuster. But this is not the thing I find very interesting. This is the battle I find very boring, except for the fact of course that Blockbuster had the opportunity to buy Netflix for 55.5 million and turn them down. And they were a little over 40 billion today. Told you so. But this is not the interesting battle to look at. This battle is much, much more interesting. Because the thing that we fail to realize is that Netflix make money off DVDs as much as Blockbuster did. DVDs are these sort of silvery sort of route things with movies on them. Netflix make money as much money off DVDs as Blockbuster did. Like 100% of the revenue came from mailing out DVDs. But Netflix was able to see where this whole streaming thing, this internet thing, I think it might catch on at some point. But that wasn't this one off thing that worked for them. They did it later. They screwed up majorly when they wanted to split their DVD and their streaming business. And they called one quickster. They rolled it out in the US. And it was an absolute disaster. Absolute disaster. Customers hated it. No one liked it. But they spent millions and millions on sort of making the split, branding, everything. And then their CEO sort of re-hastings goes, we're sorry, guys, we went too fast. This was too early. We're going to integrate them. And they're now Netflix and Netflix again. And this is what I mean by being brutally honest with yourself. They spend a ton of energy, a ton of money on this decision. And they had made it, it was publicly. And for them to go, we're sorry, we're gonna roll back that thing. Pretend it never happened. Brutally honest with yourself. That's number three, brutally honest. Number four is sort of the silver bullet of all of the habits. And it's allow autonomy at all levels. Now this guy might not look like it. But this is the most sort of forward thinker on 21st century management. And his name is Helmut Moltke. And he was a sort of general in the Prussian Army, which tells you that it's a long time ago, because we haven't had a Prussian long time. But sort of what happened in his lifetime was sort of a technological sort of invention, combined with a whole host of other problems and changes, changed the way war was fought in Europe. And one of those technological inventions was the invention of the rifle. Before the rifle battles, especially in Europe, but also in the rest of the world were fairly sort of simple. You had two armies that met on the field of battle.  And the first army to run away lost. That's sort of warfare nutshell. But that radically changed a whole bunch of reasons, but the rifle being one of them is it now gave defenders an advantage over attackers. Completely changed the way warfare worked. And that's sort of what Helmut spent his time on is in this new reality, because they were the perfect army, the Prussians have the perfect army.  And again, someone being brutally honest, how does this happen? How does this work? And he wrote one of the most amazing quotes in 1862. And it starts with the tactical result of an engagement forms the base for new strategic directions, the decisions, because victory or defeat in a battle changes the situation in such a degree that no human ecumen is able to see beyond the first battle. So basically, what he's saying is you cannot roll out a strategy. How many people have been a victim of the roll out of a strategy at some point in their careers? We all have. So in 1862, this guy realized how that didn't work, can possibly work. So he completely redesigned the way the Prussian army approached everything. And he called it outtrack tactic, which is sort of translates into a sort of mission command. And his revolutionary idea was, we should we should stop telling people what to do. And we should tell them what we want them to achieve. Absolutely revolutionary in 1862. And I'm afraid to say it's still quite a revolutionary in 2016. What Moltke realizes that this sort of isn't true, that it isn't sort of alignment on one end, and autonomy in the other. So this is what he realized. This isn't true. This is false. What indeed happens is high alignment allows us high autonomy. So there are not two things on the opposite end of the spectrum. So if you sort of going your sort of top left corner, where we have high alignment, we're all sort of thinking the same thing. And high autonomy, and low autonomy. So high alignment, low autonomy is your sort of command and control organizations. So the thing is, we need to cross the river, built me a bridge. Or if we have the opposite, if we have high autonomy and low alignment, your sort of your startup cultures, and the reaction is more along the lines of, I hope someone's working on that river problem. Whereas what we want to be, is in a situation where we go, we need to cross the river, figure out how. Allow the team to display creativity and original thinking and context dependent on how we cross rivers. Massive, massive change. And one company that really gets that is a company called Svenska Hansenbanken, which is originally sort of a Swedish bank. They're now, they've got offices all over the world. And Svenska Hansenbanken is one of the best banks in the world. It's one of the most efficient banks in the world. It's one of the most profitable banks in the world. And it's got some of the most loyal customers in the world. They want best bank in Sweden.


Job 14, 15 and 16 requested raw materials in this fashion. So if we add those up then, it adds up to 350. So working process here is going up by 350 and it's coming out of the raw materials. So if we look at the general ledger, we're gonna say, okay, raw materials is going up by 350. I mean, I'm sorry, raw materials is going down by the 350, 550,000 in it, minus the 350 to 200,000. And it's going into work and process, representing our jobs. So it went up from 83 by the 350,000 to 433, but this 350,000 represents all three allocations to all three jobs. It's not broken out for us in the general ledger or of course in the trial balance. That ties out to the trial balance, but I don't know which job, you know, if I sold those jobs, what is it related to? Therefore we need to allocate it to the jobs. Here's the materials, here's job 14 with 100. It's at 114 in terms of materials, labor, and then overhead adds up to total job of 141. Job 16, we're jumping down to 16, 80,000. Here's the 80,000, and that's a total job at this point of the 80,000. And then job 15, 170,000 bringing materials up to 188, plus the labor and overhead to 12. If we add up these three jobs, 141, 80, and to 12, we get to 433. That ties out to the 433 on the general ledger. That ties out to the 433 on the trial balance, of course. All right, next transaction, direct labor. All right, so remember, we have direct labor broken out by job now. We're able to apply the direct labor specifically to each job. We know the jobs that happen. So the journal entry related to labor is gonna be debit to work and process and a credit to cash, we're gonna say. Now when we think about labor, it's a little bit confusing because when we think about labor, we think about processing payroll. We're processing payroll. Well, for one, we're taking out the payroll liability and whatnot because we're simplifying this transaction. We don't wanna complicate things by thinking about payroll, but this is basically a payroll transaction. We're crediting cash because people earned money and we're debiting you would normally think wages expense because that's what we've probably done in the past, some kind of expense related to wages. That's because we used it in order to generate revenue in that time period. In this case, it's not an expense. It's gonna be part of the asset because we used their work to make the asset. So a lot of things that were expenses before are now part of the asset and we've gotta change our way of thinking for that reason. It's part of the accrual process, but many people just start to memorize what type of transactions are expenses and wages usually just falls into that category and we don't train ourselves to think, well, that's because of the matching principle and that we use the wages to help us generate revenue. And now it's not part of the matching principle because now we're using those in order to generate the asset. So we're gonna have to rethink a few things here. So we put in now this direct labor into the working process at the 218. Remember that, again, we combined all these to one number, 218, and that is now the ending balance in the working process is the 651, 651, but we need to know how it is by job again. So that 651 is not enough. We wanna know how it is by job. So if we actually sold the job, we would know. So if we allocate this out, 30,000 to job 14 brings it to 48 plus the materials, plus the overhead brings it to 170 fund, one, the 120 here brings it to 120, so the 80 plus the 120 total job, 200,000, the 68,000 to job 15, so the 188 plus the 84 and eight gives us the 280. So if we add up the three jobs, the 171, the 200, the 280, we come up to the 651, which of course ties out to the working process on the trial battle, which ties out to the working process on the general ledger. Next transaction, applied factory overhead based on a predetermined overhead rate. Now we'll talk about a predetermined overhead rate at a different time. This problem we're just gonna give the predetermined overhead rate. Why? What is the predetermined overhead rate? Well, remember that factory overhead is gonna have all the stuff that we're gonna put into factory overhead that we could not apply directly to a job. Things like the supervisor salary, things like depreciation on the factory, things like small materials like grout or something that it would just be too costly for us to track how much of it went to a particular job, but we do want to put it into the job somehow. So you might think, well, we could just allocate that evenly to each job. How many jobs is just estimated out allocated evenly? But the jobs are different in nature, remember. So the jobs are different sizes. So we have to figure out, okay, how can we allocate this stuff to the jobs using some kind of relevant allocation method? And so what we do is we usually find a cost driver and oftentimes that's gonna be direct labor. So why? Because direct labor jobs that have more direct labor, they would then have more cost allocated to them. They would be larger so you would think we would allocate more overhead. So we determined based on last year's numbers, based on the ratio of direct labor compared to the overhead, how much we should allocate to each job of overhead based on how much direct labor was in each job, we came out to 1 to 50%. Now, if we do the journal entry, then we're gonna say the job's gonna get working process 109 into working process. We're gonna credit factory overhead. So again, that 109 represents a bunch of different stuff that we're just kind of allocating in based on last year's numbers of all this kind of stuff that we just allocated out that we're gonna put into factory overhead.


My favorite piece of advice was to not always jump in and answer all the questions and important meetings. Toughen up, because it's not going to be an easy journey. Give the younger creatives or just the young people in the room a chance. In this industry, in order to really get to the top, you really need to learn resilience. You need to know how to take failures and not consider them failures, but actually opportunities or pauses for you to reflect, to re-energize and jump back in. And they actually get an opportunity to speak for themselves and practice selling their own work and leading and owning the room. Focus on the work was to make sure that I was nurturing my talent, that I was training myself up every three to six months. Trusting myself and finding out, focusing on finding out what I was strong about. To not depend how hard it'd be on people, but more so on my skill set, because people can be fickle. The industry is like a wave. It goes up and down, left, right. It moves a lot. But if you are steadily growing your skill set, then you don't have to worry too much about whether you're going to have a job or a client. One of the things I always tell to young creatives is to make sure that they learn how to sell the work, not just do great work. Elevate each other, grow as a group, because we are very accustomed to being in conversations where it's like all the man and a girl, all the man and a girl. Good ideas don't sell themselves. You need to really become so good at selling your work. Practice, presenting, speak up. Building their personal brand as professionals in the creative industry, I think it's also really important because you need to have everything on your side to win. Have your voice heard. Advocate for yourself, because nobody will advocate as hard as you will for yourself. Build their personal brand without oversharing. The most important thing is not to be overwhelmed. The most important thing is to really believe in yourself. I think every single woman, and maybe men as well, go through the imposter syndrome. We all have those moments where we wonder are we really good or are we just here because we're here. Share a little bit of your personal life, but also show your personal journey and the process while you're going through it. Believe in yourself and do not get sidelined by anything else. Just stay true to your beliefs, your focus, and you will get there and you will shine.


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