Good morning, everybody. OK, after great confusion on our part, Mike has agreed to download the figures for the course reader to be space. So we are ending up doing that, even though I thought we wouldn't do it. But so be it. Office hours, again, today would 9 to 10. And on Thursday, 9 to 10. And there were tons of people who came on Monday. And I don't know where we're going to fit you all, but we will try. A couple of points I want to make concerning Monday's lecture. One is I was talking about the structure of proteins. And I said that proteins that are soluble in solution form what we call globs, globular protein. And then I was going to explain to you the basis of that folding. And I never did. So I want to just make this point. You know, based on the side chains of amino acids, the polarity or the non-polarity, that some side chains are going to interact with water and some are not. And this is basically what drives the globular structure of proteins. On the surface of these proteins, you will find charged or polar amino acid side chains. You will find very few non-polar side chains. The non-polar side chains are inside the molecule, away from water. And this results in the protein folding in this sort of amorphous globular shape. And then at the office hours, there were lots of questions about the phospholipid molecule. So I thought I would just briefly go over that again. I've drawn a phospholipid on the board. A phospholipid. And the reason this is important is we will talk about phospholipids again when we talk about membrane structure. So they are important. On the board, you have a glycerol molecule, which is a sterified to two fatty acids, R1 and R2. The third carbon in glycerol is a sterified to a phosphoric acid. So that's the phospho in the phospholipid. The phosphoric acid can a sterify to an additional compound, and that is an organic alcohol. So the phosphate group in a phospholipid is involved in what we call phosphodiester bonds, because it is formed two esters. One is to glycerol, and one is to some low-molecular weight organic alcohol molecule. And I gave you some examples. There's not only one compound that functions as R3. There are many, many different compounds. And most membranes have a mixture of, for example, phosphatidylcholine, which is the phospholipid shown in one of the figures in the handout. But there are other compounds that can fill this space, such as serine, which is an amino acid, anacetol, which is a sugar, glycerol, which is an alcohol, et cetera. So there's a large variety of compounds that can bind to become components of phospholipids, I guess I want to say. I hope that's clear. You're going to hear more about phosphodiesters today. And you're going to hear more about some other kinds of phosphate groups later in a week or two. OK, so I want to finish up talking about molecules, biological molecules, macromolecules. And the next group of macromolecules are what we call the carbohydrates and or sugars, as we affectionately know them in everyday life. And carbohydrates, whereas lipids are highly insoluble in water, carbohydrates are generally very, very soluble in water. They have a general formula of CH2O, and they are filled with hydroxide groups. So this is glucose, the sort of benchmark carbohydrate. Its formula is C6H1206. And you can see that this compound would be expected to be very hydrophilic, very soluble in water. The trademark of sugars are the OH groups that are attached to carbons, multiple OH groups. And in addition to that, carbohydrates will contain either an aldehyde group or a keto group. This sugar looks very much like this one, but it has a ketone instead of an aldehyde. This sugar is fructose, same structure as glucose. This sugar is glucose. This is considered to be an aldose sugar. This is a keto sugar. If you look at Figure 25, you can see that the sugars come in a large number of arrays. There are three carbon sugars, which are trioses. There are four carbon sugars. There are five carbon sugars, which are pentoses. And there are six carbon sugars, which are hexoses. We will talk, primarily later on, about the three and five carbon sugars. Six carbon sugars. We'll talk about pentoses today when we talk about the structure of nucleic acid. In solution, I think since you all have had some organic chemistry, you know that these compounds in solution don't exist as a linear chain. They form a ring. And the ring structure is shown in Figure 26. So you've got glucose there where it forms a ring. And when it forms a ring, one of the carbon atoms can have a hydroxide either above the ring or below the ring. So on the left, the hydroxide group is oriented above the ring. That is beta D glucose. On the right, the hydroxide group is pointed below the ring. And that is alpha glucose. Both of those forms of glucose will be found in polysaccharides. One of the interesting features of the carbohydrates is there are isomers, lots and lots of different isomers. All I've got to do is move this OH to the other side of the carbon. And basically, I get a new molecule. One compound would be glucose. The other compound would be galactose. Now, this seems like a very small, minor change. But when one starts to deal with enzymes, which are involved in metabolizing these compounds, this slight change in structure can produce an enormous change. This is the structure of this molecule. It can produce an enormous change in the specificity of a protein for that particular molecule. Let's see if there's anything else. No, I don't want to say anything more. OK, what is glucose? What kind of molecule is it? What's its function in the cell? Basically, glucose is a major energy compound. We metabolize glucose during cellular respiration. We'll talk about that in much more detail. So we haven't talked about the function of these compounds in terms of producing energy for the cell. But the main function of all the carbohydrates is to be degraded and to release energy that the cell can use. And these compounds can be interchanged. And you'll see when we talk about respiration that we start off with a glucose molecule, but then it's converted into a fructose molecule and then it undergoes subsequent reactions. Figure 28 shows the formation of some disaccharides. Again, these are not structures you should memorize. Don't memorize them. And I've given you really three examples. The most common disaccharide that you're familiar with is obviously sucrose, which is the top of figure 28. Sucrose is a disaccharide that contains a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule, very relatively straightforward. Lactose is sort of milk sugar. Lactose contains two glucose molecules. And then maltose contains two glucose molecules, but in a different bonding than lactose. Maltose is a compound that you're going to have some experience with when. Next week, Mike, when you do your enzyme lab, two weeks. You do an enzyme lab where you use an enzyme amylase and you break down starch, which is a polysaccharide found in plants. And the product of that reaction is maltose. So you're going to learn more about maltose in a week or two. The other thing that happens to these glucose units, which is the unit that becomes the high molecular weight polymer, is that they form high molecular weight polymers. And there are one, two, three, four polymers that I want to talk about. This basically summarizes the properties of the four polysaccharides that are relevant to our discussion. As you can see in figure 29, the top structure in that figure is glycogen. Glycogen is an energy storage polymer in animals. So I've written here glycogen A is for animals. It's formed from alpha D glucose units. So I've put here alpha glucose. It is a branched polymer. And if you look at the structure of glycogen, you find as you go around the ring, each carbon has a number, one, two, three, four, five, six, that these polymers, such as glycogen, has a 1, 4 bond. That's the linear portion of it, a linkage. And then the branches are 1, 6 bonding. Glycogen is called a highly branched polymer because it's more branched than the next polymer that we'll talk about. What we do in ourselves is during the day or whenever we're taking in food, we store carbohydrates in the form of glycogen in our liver. And then subsequently, we break down that glycogen and to glucose units and obtain energy from that. Plants do something similar. They obviously don't have a liver. But they produce, during the daylight, starch. Starch is composed of two polymers, amylose and amylopectin. These are shown at the bottom of figure 29. They're both glucose polymers. One is branched and one is non-branched. That's really the only difference between amylose and amylopectin. The branching, again, is 1, 4 and amylose, 1, 4 and 1, 6 in amylopectin. Now what plants do is during the day, they make starch. And sometimes when you're doing the photosynthesis experiment and you isolate chloroplasts, you can actually see the starch pellet, depends on what time of day the spinach is picked. Because if it's the end of the day, the starch is starting to be broken down. But during the day, plants will synthesize starch, store it in the chloroplast, and then at the night, when there's no sunlight, there's no photosynthesis, the starch is broken down to glucose units and actually plants carry out respiration at night. There's one other carbohydrate polymer that needs to be mentioned. And that is, turns out to be the most predominant biological molecule in our world, believe it or not. It's a plant carbohydrate, polysaccharide, and it's cellulose. Because cellulose is a component of plant cell walls. So every time you see a tree out there, think cellulose. Cellulose is unusual in that it does not use alpha glucose. It uses this form of glucose that I just mentioned, beta glucose, where the OH is in a different orientation than in alpha glucose. It is a 1, 4 non-branched polymer. Now that may not seem like such an important thing, but you can see that in figure 30, the starch molecules, which have 1, 4 bonding with alpha glucose, and the ones, the cellulose, where you have the beta glucose units, that the final product looks different. And it's very difficult to digest starch. Enzymes that break down, I'm sorry, it's very difficult to break down cellulose. Enzymes that will break down starch, such as amylase, this enzyme you're gonna work with, will not break down cellulose because the bonding in cellulose involves beta glucose, not alpha glucose. Okay, that's really all I'm gonna say about carbohydrates. I'd say the most important bit of thing that you should take home from this is this table that shows you the different polymers and what they're composed of and something about the branching. Okay, we're gonna move on quickly to the final group of molecules. And again, this is something I don't spend much time on because it's not something that is germane to anything that comes later. Bob Fisher will go into the structure of nucleic acids in much more detail, but at this point, I only wanna give you the sort of big picture so that we can have our table of macromolecules and what they are and what their structure is and what kind of bonding is found. The basic unit of a nucleic acid is something which is called a nucleotide. And if you look at figure 31, the bottom of that figure shows you a nucleotide. A nucleotide has three components. It has an organic base and the bases are shown above the structure of the nucleotide and those can be rather complicated bases or somewhat simpler bases. They are either purines or pyrimidines. There are, oh, let's see. The next component in a nucleotide is a five-carbon sugar, a pentose sugar that's shown in the figure at the bottom of the page. That five-carbon sugar can be one of two things. It can be ribose or it can be deoxyribose. And if you have it in, if you have deoxyribose, you have DNA. If you have ribose, you have RNA. And the difference between deoxyribose and ribose is the C2 carbon. There's an OH in ribose and there's only a hydrogen in deoxyribose. And then the third thing you have in a nucleotide is a phosphate group. There is a phosphate group, a sterified to one of the carbons on the pentose ring, the five-carbon, okay? It's a sterified through a phosphoester bond. So what you do is you take nucleotides and you start to put them together. The nomenclature that's used is shown in figure 31A. The five nucleotides that are found in nucleic acids are adenine, guanine, cytosine, urosil, and thymine, abbreviated AGCUT. That's helpful. And figure 31B is an important figure because it shows you how you make a polymer.  A phosphodiester bond, look at the bottom of figure 31B between the five-prime carbon and the three-prime carbon. So you start off with two nucleotides. So you've got two phosphate groups. One of them leaves and the phosphate group on the other nucleotide reacts with an OH on a carbon in the other sugar ring. And you build up your chain by continually doing this, three, five, three, five, three, five. That's the basis of the nucleic acid. And in many ways, the reason I, of course, I always erase the wrong thing. I mentioned the phosphodiester bond in phospholipids is you are forming five phosphodiester bonds in nucleic acids. Figure 31C, table 31C is about as much as I want you to know about these nucleic acids at this stage of the game. What's the difference between DNA and RNA? Well, I've told you one difference. The sugar is different. The second different is the bases are different. Both of them have adenine, both of them have cytosine, both of them have guanine, but DNA has the base thymine and RNA has the base uracil. To sort of complete the story, we have to talk about the structure and we have to identify a few important characters. Obviously, everybody here knows Watson and Crick. Watson and Crick in 1954 published a very short paper, literally one page, I believe, I have a copy of it somewhere, in nature describing the structure of DNA. And the structure, as most people should be aware of, is that double helix, two strands of nucleic acid twisted around each other and hydrogen bonds between the bases are stabilizing that structure. There's Watson and Crick in figure 33 and there's their structure of DNA, also shown. But more importantly, at the top of that figure, figure 32A shows how data was obtained to get that resulted in the structure. And that data was obtained through X-ray crystallography by scientist Rosalind Franklin. Anybody heard about Rosalind Franklin? Most of you have. Rosalind Franklin had the data and I think it's now documented that James Watson stole the data from her and put forward this model with Crick for the structure of DNA. Of course, Watson and Crick got the Nobel Prize for this work and became, you know, probably two of the most famous scientists of the 20th century. This is really the start of modern molecular biology when the structure was determined and Rosalind Franklin was pretty much overlooked and now I think people realize her contributions to this work and she is recognized for these contributions. Unfortunately, I think she died in her 30s from cancer and didn't have much opportunity to bask in the glory. It's not a very nice story about science. But it does happen. Okay, so what we have in the nucleic acid is we have a nucleotide unit which is being polymerized through phosphodiester bonds. And we end up with these complicated molecules which are alpha helices, chains running around each other. There's a lot of important features of how this molecule is formed and how it is duplicated and I'm not gonna talk about that, okay? So that's all I wanna say about molecules. There's one additional thing that's not directly related to molecules. If you look at figure 35, there are compounds which are sort of nucleotides or related to nucleotides which have other functions and we're gonna be talking about many of these later on. In figure 35, the first compound, see I don't call ATP a nucleotide. It's the compound ATP which we'll talk about extensively because if I define a nucleotide as a phosphate, sugar and a base, well, ATP has three phosphate groups but ATP is related to nucleotides. The second compound which is coenzyme A is a more complicated molecule. It has parts of it that look like ATP, like a nucleotide but parts that don't. We will talk about coenzyme A extensively during respiration and then there's a compound that John Forte will talk about in his portion which is a signaling molecule where you have an AMP which is adenosine monophosphate, one phosphate whereas where the phosphate group is not simply sitting out there but it cycles. It's a cyclic molecule, cyclic AMP and this is a molecule involved in transmitting signals throughout the cell. So those are compounds you're gonna hear about again in some detail. Okay, if you go to page 17 now, we have finished structure and function of biological molecules. There's a number of questions there that are, I think they're pretty easy. People always say, well, are you gonna give us the answers? No, I'm not gonna give you the answers. They're so easy you don't have to get the answers. Really, they're very easy. These are not profound questions but they review the subject that I've covered in these couple of lectures. Any questions, any comments, any unhappiness? Okay. Okay, I'm gonna turn now to moving from molecules to cells. We know that the molecules that I've talked about don't exist, you know, just in an ether or don't exist in solution. There is an organization to biological materials and the basic unit of biology is the cell. And we can identify two major features of all cells. These are rather big cells, little cells, complicated cells, simple cells. All cells contain a membrane and this is why membranes are important. The membrane separates inside from outside. So the easiest way to think of this is here's a cell and that's a membrane. So there's an inside space where biology occurs and there's an outside space which is sort of the aqueous environment that the cell may find itself in. This is a barrier but as you'll see when we talk about membrane structure is not a barrier that doesn't allow things in and out because there has to be communication between the inside and the outside. The second thing that all cells have is they contain a genetic material and we'll talk a bit about this but not in as much detail as Bob Fisher will. And the genetic material directs the cells' activities and allows cells to reproduce and for all intents and purposes we're talking about DNA here, okay? I am at least. The organization of these materials allows us to separate cells into two types. Oh, I don't wanna erase that. Don't erase that. There are cells in which and the organization of the genetic material is what dictates how we characterize cells. We have cells which are known as prokaryotes, prokaryotic cells, prokaryotes in which the DNA is in the form of a circular molecule and is located in the cell associated with some proteins, not a lot of proteins. The contrast with this, so there's single DNA molecule. And of course people always raise the question, is this a chromosome or not? And I guess it would be called a one chromosome but it's a single DNA molecule circular. But this DNA is not localized in any specific region. Prokaryote means non-nuclear. So what I'm gonna say now is no nucleus. The second type of cell, eukaryote, the DNA is not a single circular molecule. It is linear, linear pieces of DNA. So it's where a prokaryote has one chromosome, a eukaryote has many chromosomes. And also, and this DNA is associated with proteins which are known as histones. I won't talk about histones at all other than just mention them now. But the DNA is localized in a specific organelle. Now what's an organelle? An organelle is a membrane-surrounded sac. So while you have a cell here like this surrounded by a membrane, in a prokaryotic organism, you do not see any organelles within that cell. In a eukaryotic organism, there are sacs of varying size within the cell, each one having an individual identity, each one having an individual function. So the eukaryotic cell has internal organelles. The prokaryotic cell does not have any organelles. The major organelle one sees when one looks at a eukaryotic cell is a nucleus. And I know you have lab this week and you're looking at cells you will be able to see. This nucleus, even in the light microscope. So this separation of cells based on the DNA and the structure of the cell is very commonly used in biology. You'll see reference to eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells all the time. There's another way people characterize cells and that's based more on their metabolism. And it's worthwhile putting this up because there are terms that are used commonly. So we have one, we have cells which are known as autotrophic cells. This means self-eaters, okay? These cells, self-eaters, self-eaters. They can synthesize all the organic material they need from carbon dioxide and other simple organic compounds. So they use CO2 and there are really two types. There are photo autotrophs and you can see from the name these are, they use light, sunlight. So these are photosynthetic organisms and photosynthetic organisms use sunlight and in the light they convert carbon dioxide to sugar. That's the classic autotrophic kind of cell. But there are also chemo autotrophs which are a little unusual. Chemo autotrophs, I guess they should say, autotrophs which use simple organic compounds and inorganic compounds actually and CO2 to synthesize their materials they need. We're talking about synthesizing proteins in nucleic acids. Then there's a second class of organisms which are known as heterotrophic cells and these are what are called other feeders. We're autotrophs, I'm sorry, we're heterotrophs. We eat the products that are produced by other organisms, okay? So this is a terminology that's fairly common and that's why I think I would mention it at this point because it is a characterization of cells and it's not at all based on the basic structure of the cell. It's more based on the metabolic processes that are occurring in cells. And I will refer to photo autotrophs or heterotrophs and you should know what that means. How do we study cells? Well, I think there are two major ways we study cells and I think one is sort of the classic way that biologists have studied cells for 300 years and we look at them and that's what you're doing in lab this week, microscopy. So basically we, you know, Van Lee and Hoke in the 1600s or something discovered or discovered, no. Invented, that's the term I wanted, the microscope and actually when you walk through LSB there's a display of very, very interesting old microscopes. It's on this side of the building, away from the library, okay? The opposite side and take a look at them someday. They're really beautiful instruments. There's a collection that's been given to the university by a very elderly gentleman and some of his microscopes are being shown in this collection. Okay, what you're gonna be doing is obviously light microscopy which has a limited sort of resolution but it's possible to use other kinds of light sources and get higher resolution and one can go as far as using, doing electron microscopy and increasing the resolution enormously. In conjunction with microscopy, one, people have developed specific, what I call stains or reagents for specific components of the cell and you'll be doing some of this when you're doing your mitosis experiment where you stain the cells with a compound that reacts with nucleic acid, the DNA of the cell and then you follow the DNA during cell division, the chromosomes. So there are specific stains that have been developed or there are natural compounds that one can use if you look at a photoautotrophic cell, okay? In this case, a plant cell, that would be a plant. If you look at a plant cell, everybody knows that chlorophyll is green and you can identify where the chlorophyll is in a plant cell by looking for the green pigments and they're all in the chloroplasts. So if you see green localized in a region, you're looking at a chloroplast. That's kind of a trivial thing but it's using a specific dye or compound to identify components in the cell. It's also possible to make reagents that react with specific components that are labeled in some way with an antibody or with gold beads. There's a million different things that one can do but it is possible to specifically try to label a one component within a cell with a compound and then identify it by microscopy. After 300 years or so, people started to develop new techniques for studying cells and what I call this is not simply looking at them but doing biochemistry. What does that mean? Biochemists, I'm a biochemist, did I tell you that? The first thing biochemists, a biochemist does is he takes the material and he busts it up. You break it up. Somehow, you smash it with a hammer or you put it in a wearing blender that's fairly common. And what one tends to want to do is to separate the cell into the internal components, the cellular components that exist within that cell. So if you look at figure 38, this shows exactly what is gonna be done in the lab when you do the photosynthesis experiment. You take leaves, spinach leaves and you put them in a wearing blender, just the kind of wearing blender you have at home. It's not any more sophisticated than that. And you blend the leaves up and you disrupt the entire structure of the leaf and you have a mess, a green mess, okay? And then by a procedure called differential centrifugation where you put this glob, this mixture of components in a centrifuge, you spin it, it spins, the heavy things go down, the medium things stay in the middle and the light things go to the top. It's just that simple. It turns out that you can isolate chloroplasts from intact plant materials such as leaves in literally five minutes. And when I say intact, these chloroplasts have all of the membranes around them and they do what they are supposed to do inside the leaf. So it's a very, very straightforward, a very, very simple technique. You can then take the chloroplast apart. You can start to fractionate the chloroplast into its different components. For example, there's a membrane fraction, there's a soluble fraction and you can continue this. And eventually what you're trying to do is you're trying to isolate and separate components out from other components. It's very difficult in an intact cell to say this does this when there's so many other things around. But if you basically have, let's say the membrane component of the chloroplast, you can very easily show, and this is what you do, that the light reactions of photosynthesis occur in that fraction of the cell. So cellular fractionation is a very, very powerful technique. It also is a technique fraught with danger because there are, of course, artifacts that can be produced when you remove components from a cell and you have to be aware of these artifacts and make sure that you don't have artifacts. Figures 36 and 37 are sort of this grand summary. 37 are pictures of cells. I urge you to look at the pictures of the cells in Campbell. They have very, very nice pictures in that chapter of cells and the structure of units within the cell, much better than I have here, but for sake of completeness, I've put these in. Figure, table 36 is a very useful table that summarizes the difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell. I haven't talked about all of these things, but I have indicated, for example, membrane-bound nucleus. No, and yes. Turns out that you'll see this in lab. Prokaryotes are very small cells. Eukaryotes are much larger cells.  When you look at a bacterial cell, such as figure 37, I used to say it's just a bag of proteins and that's, somebody chastised me for doing that. There's no obvious organization if you compare the bacterial cell with the animal cell or the plant cell, I hope you can see the complexity of the eukaryotic cell. The complexity of the eukaryotic cell arises because of the many organelles that are present in that cell. There is no such organization in a prokaryote. Anyway, please look at the figures in the book. When you look at a eukaryotic cell, there are immediately different regions within the cell. So here's a, this is a eukaryotic cell. It has a nucleus. There's a region around the nucleus, everything but the nucleus. That region is known as the cytoplasm. And in the cytoplasm, there are two different things. There are organelles, other organelles indicate with circles and squares. And then there's a medium, the liquid medium, which is known as the cytosol. So the cytoplasm contains the cytosol plus the various organelles that are in the cell and the cytosol contains, is the soluble component, the soluble matrix, I guess I would say, which surrounds all of the organelles within the cell. Much of the basic metabolism of a cell occurs in the cytosol. Lots of the things we're gonna talk about subsequently to this series of lectures are metabolic processes that occur in the cytosol. So don't think that the cytosol is not an important component within the cell. Why, what is the advantage of having this type of organization? Organelles, particularly. Well, it turns out that you can compartmentalize function. For example, you can have one organelle here, which is involved in energy production, which is a complicated series of reactions. And these are known as mitochondria. And you'll see, we'll talk about them in some detail. All of the energy production, not all, most of the energy production in the eukaryotic cell occurs in the mitochondrion, which is the singular. So a special function in a special organelle. You have organelles such as lysosomes, which are involved in the degradation of biological molecules, of polymers. Some of the polymers we talked about, polysaccharides and proteins, are broken down in lysosomes. And I'll give you more detail as to why this special environment of the lysosome is so important in the cell. So compartmentalization is important in the eukaryotic cell because you can separate out in separate environments, which are enclosed by an organ, by a lipid, phospholipid bilayer membrane special functions. And that's an important point. The eukaryotic cell is a very complicated cell. I'm not sure I believe this, but this is the number I saw, and I read in actually a Nobel Prize winners' lecture, that a mammalian cell contains 1 billion protein molecules. 10 to the 10th, this cell contains 10 to the 10th protein. Let's assume this is a liver cell. It's a general mammalian type eukaryotic cell. Now, we know that there are approximately, the number keeps changing. 30,000 genes, genes are the things that are making proteins for proteins. So you can see that to go from 30,000 to 1 billion, you have to make a lot of different proteins, a lot of proteins, many of them, many, many, many, many times. So a cell doesn't have 30,000 proteins, it has a billion proteins. The billion protein number is important because a major problem that exists in a eukaryotic cell is to put the right protein in the right place. And I'm gonna talk a lot about this, I don't have time today, on Friday. This is a problem of protein targeting. That is, if many of the proteins in a eukaryotic cell are made in the cytosol, which is true, they have to go into either the nucleus, into the mitochondrion, into the lysosome, et cetera.  I think you can see that if I have a protein that's absolutely required for mitochondrial function, and I put it in the nucleus, I have a dead mitochondria. The mitochondria will not function, we will not survive that kind of mistake. So this has to be a system that basically is foolproof, no mistakes because we cannot have proteins put in the wrong place. And we're gonna talk a lot about that because it is one of the major areas of modern cell biology, trying to understand how proteins are targeted to their right and final position within this eukaryotic cell. Okay, I don't wanna start anything else at this point, so I'll leave you a few minutes early. And on Friday we're gonna talk about the organelles within the eukaryotic cell and how they get their proteins in there.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com coming at you with our last filler for that big hit express break our Jaspys exclusive repack product, but first we're gonna do the Legacy football break first 2023. Is this correct? 2023 legacy football. This is the one One box break random team number 12 and at the end of the break will re-randomize everybody's name for a second time Top seven will get into that big hit express break big. Thanks to this group for making it happen All 32 teams are available. Let's roll it. Let's randomize it two and a four six times for names and teams two three four five and six Different dice roll for the giveaway part at the end of the video as as always two and a four six times for the teams one two Three Six All right, no trade windows and filler breaks and here's the first half of the list right here There's the second half of the list right over there. So it's alphabetized by a team We can print and rip And once again big. Thanks everybody for getting in on this filler on a choo choos day choo choos day 15 You got me tomorrow as well on the YouTube stream on a new release date immaculate collegiate football drop tomorrow 2023 edition and so current draft class Like this break to also 2023 Finally starting to see some 2023 product creep in for the NFL. It's good to see some new faces Weird to see Aaron Rodgers in a Jets uniform Those mini cards as well I see an order kind is that the last spot mojo for somebody Yes, Raymond's got it. So yeah, I will as promised. I will We'll do this break before I take a break. All right. Good luck everybody You got Daniel Jones to 199 for the Giants. We've got a Will Leviss Will Leviss rookie. There's the Daniel Jones Got a Devin Witherspoon mini Got a Tim Brown from our Raiders to 100 nice and a redemption and he guesses on the redemption for for bragging rights We got a Rakeem Jarrett 299 we got it out of 75 DJ Moore could be a good addition for the For the Bears Brady says Alan that'd be pretty nice for Chad who has the Patriots Or I guess Alan has the Buccaneers Now one does not want Patriots Patriots addition Brady There's Nick Chubb to 150 Cory Seager to run home run He's even on the checklist sound. Yeah, I mean it'd be nice Here's our second autograph and it's a one-of-one It's Parker Washington I'm sorry Just this camera just a little bit here Where do you play Parker Washington's? It's also a good excuse for me to learn the new draft class as well He is a wide receiver for the Jacksonville Jaguar's Nice that's gonna be for Chad Chad all aboard the Big Head Express Not bad for a For a filler Right six-round pick I'm not sure what his status is gonna be this upcoming season, but Maybe we'll see him get some time. That would be awesome We got tank Dell to 149 No other guesses It's gonna be Jameer Gibbs nice under the lights silver autograph Lions I want to say yeah Detroit Lions Your 12th overall pick Nice and that's gonna be also for Chad All right, not bad at all. So In addition to that that nice stuff there who is gonna win those big hit express spots Let's gather everybody's names one through 32 Right from Steven all the way down to Eugene new dice new list and Again, it'll be the top seven after Seven three and a four seven times fingers crossed. Good luck one two three or Five six and seventh and final time now from eight on down sad times saddest of all spot eight Helen sorry man eight through 32 appreciate everybody given this shot But only the top seven can get in and that's gonna be Eugene is in Chad Coleman is in Chad again Darren Chris Chad and Nicole So congrats to the top seven rest of you. We'll get him next time top seven. We'll see you in the next video Jasky's case breaks calm


Welcome to Toffy TV, it is the start and eleven show, Bormouth vs Everton, the last game till Boxing Day. Yes, yes, yes, yes, but we need three points. We need three points and this team I'm going to pick is going to get us three points. If it's not this team then that's not my fault. I'm saying that this team has given you three points. In goal Jordan pick for thee will be going the Whale Cup, another decent performance from him please. Back four and going with Nathan Paterson at right back. Obviously starting at Bormouth in the week and I know he wasn't great. Come off the bench a couple of times but I think now is the opportunity to start him in this game. I think he's ready, gives us something a little bit extra down that right hand side. Hopefully he's got rid of all the little issues that he's been facing. Obviously let's remember before he got injured he was playing so well, so integral so let's hopefully get him back to that for this game. Let's back Michalenko solid defence of player and I'm going to help him out this week so there you go keep watching. In midfield I'm going to go for that double pivot of James Garner and Idrissa Garnergate. Obviously Garner got injured last week but he is fit and ready to play, he's another one who's going to go to the Whale Cup. I think with these two I think Frank Lampard messed it up last week against Leicester.  I think he got it all wrong for me personally. I think a lot of people agree with me on that but I'm going to go for Idrissa Garnergate to be the presser and Garner to be the ball player. James Garner to take the ball to use it to move it around the pitch. He's done well so far. He did well the other night against Bournemouth, went off and I think that was because in case he was needed for this game. So I would definitely start when he gives us something different. We're giving the ball away far too much in midfield especially with Garner sitting in front. Every time he gives it away it always leads to something for the opposition. So he's got something next to him. I think this is what we missed from the Palace game as well. So I'm going to go for that. Ahead of them I'm going to go for O'nana. He is playing a little bit higher. Gives us with not having Dominic Arventlwm. We need a little bit more height. A little bit further up the pitch. It's not an ideal scenario. I appreciate that.  But I think he needs much for this game. So I'm going to have him a little bit higher. On the left hand side I'm going to go for Alex O'Wobee. Coming in off the left hand side. Being a player that Michael Enkel can give the ball to, he knows that he can make those runs and hopefully get it back if he needs to or Alex O'Wobee can come inside. I think he can play that position. It's not playing wide and being taken on the full back and using his pace. Not that we've seen a lot of that this season. It's just not working the way we've been playing. Playing 4-3-3 or a variation on that just isn't working. The wire players aren't working whether it be Gordon, Gray or Dwight MacNeill. Having two of those three just isn't working for us. I think we need to change it up. We need to do something a little bit different. I don't think Gordon and Gray can play in the same side away from home. So we just don't get them into the game enough or we lose the ball in the field. I will be cutting inside. On the other side, I am going to start them out with Gray simply because I think he's got the pace to take people on. He's got the good goal in the night. Hopefully he's got that little bit of confidence in him. I just don't think Dwight MacNeill or Gordon deserve to be in the side. They've offered very, very little recently. Don't get me wrong, I don't think Gray's offered a lot either. I think going forward, he's a little bit more consistent. Defensively, he's not great. But he does give you that little bit of directness which is going to be needed in this game. And up front, Neil Mopai, no Dominic Arventloon. We know that now and hopefully he'll be back for Boxing Day. But yeah, Neil Mopai, hopefully going back to the South Coast can inspire him to get a goal, hopefully. He's only scored one for us so far. He's not been great for us but we need him. We need him to get a goal. So that's my stand 11. Let me know your thoughts in the comments the last one till Boxing Day. Yes, tremendous stuff. Everyone needs that little break I think for the World Cup. So there you go. Let me know your thoughts in the comments. You agree, do you disagree? Let me know. Get this video, like, subscribe if you haven't already. If you want more great videos, join us over on Taffy TV Premier where there are some very, very, very exciting videos coming. Very exciting videos coming over on Taffy TV Premier. That's all I can say but you've got to be on Taffy TV Premier because the videos are going to be amazing starting next week. Thanks for watching. See you later.


And speaking of tablets, I think Hugo has a few words to share. Thanks, Chris. It's always been a goal of the Next Access Program to provide you with the best of Google experience, access to the latest software coupled with an Android experience the way that Google envisions it. We wanted to take that model one step further. We wanted to design a best of Google experience that is optimized around all this great content available in Google Play. We wanted a device that lets you immerse yourself in all of that media. We wanted you to be delighted when you read books, magazines, watch movies, and play games. So we partnered with a great company, ASUS, to help us build just that device. And today we're introducing Nexus 7. It's a beautiful 7-inch tablet. It's built. Thank you. It's built for Google Play. It's running Android 4.1 Jelly Bean. And here it is, Nexus 7. And by the way, we're really pleased to have Johnny Xi, the chairman of ASUS, here in the audience today. Johnny, please stand up. Thank you. So let me tell you a bit about Nexus 7. It's super thin, light, and portable, and yet we've managed to pack a lot into this device. First of all, the display. 1280 by 800 HD display, which is perfect for reading and watching videos in stunning clarity. Performance. Tegra 3 chipset with a quad-core CPU. And wait, there's more. So Tegra 3 chipset with a quad-core CPU and a 12-core GPU. That's basically 16 cores, which makes everything, including games, extremely fast and smooth. Front-facing camera, perfect for Google Plus hangouts and video chatting. All the connectivity options you'd expect, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and NFC. Gyroscope and accelerometer, essential for high-performance gaming. And battery, up to nine hours of video playback and up to 300 hours standby time. And best of all, it's only 340 grams, just about the weight of an average paper book. If it's perfectly in one hand, you can put it in a purse or bag. It doesn't tip over when you're reading or watching a movie in bed. It just feels right. That's Nexus 7. Music, music movies, books, magazines, apps, and games. All the great content from Google Play right at your fingertips. Now, to show you Nexus 7 in action, here's Chris Yergo once again. Thanks, Hugo. We designed the Nexus 7 experience with three goals in mind. Create the best possible Google Play experience. Make all your favorite Google apps work beautifully and support the next generation of apps and games. Nexus 7 is made for Google Play. When you power it on, your content is front and center. Right here on the home screen is my library. Containing the content I've recently been reading, listening to, or watching on any of my devices. So earlier, I was reading the Born Dominion on my phone, so we can tap on the cover there and pick up exactly where I left off on that other device. Nexus 7 is an ideal device for reading books. The form factor and the weight are just right. It has the portability of a paperback backed by a cloud-powered personal library of books. Now I'd like to show you the magazine experience on Nexus 7. Here's the new Google Play magazines app. And just like your coffee table, the newest stuff is on top. You can swipe through and find something that's interesting to read. Why don't we go ahead and, uh, Esquire? And if I, once I bring it up, I can tap on it and bring up a list of page thumbnails on the bottom to kind of quickly swipe through, find an article that I'm interested in reading. So, yeah, that one looks good. And, uh, once we open it up, you look at the content. It just looks beautiful on Nexus 7. But if I want to focus maybe on something that's a little bit more of a pure reading experience, I can tap on the View Text link and get the contents of the article in a form that's optimized for that. Still looks beautiful on Google Play. From here I can also navigate and bring up a table of contents and quickly pull up any other article. So now let's look at some interactive features. So why don't we go to Shape Magazine. And here from the cover, since this is an interactive title, I can tap on any of the interesting articles there and get to, uh, think he wants to work on his abs, so he's going to pick the flat abs. So we've gone beyond print replica here and added interactive elements and text to the device, keeping everything readable without impacting the design. Uh, Randall can drag up to expand the content right here on the page and even tap on the link to jump into an exercise routine and get further details on those all-important ab exercises that Randall likes to do, all without leaving the page. So that's our premium magazine reading experience on Google Play. Uh, Nexus 7 is also ideal for watching movies and TV wherever you are. Long plane rides, road trips with the family or just, uh, sitting at home watching on the sofa. So let's open the Google Play Movies and TV app.  We can swipe over to see, uh, TV shows, and you can get to your personal videos as well. Uh, so why don't we pick something, uh, astute observers? We'll note that I'm a Parks and Recreation fan. So why don't we tap on, uh, Episode 1 there and start watching some TV? Who are the suits? They want me to run for office. I think it's going to be really bad. Video looks stunning on Nexus 7. You can see the individual hairs on Ron Swanson's mustache. So, uh, in here you have access to the movies and episodes you purchased and links to the store for other episodes of the season. Uh, and you can, of course, also download your TV shows for offline use if you're going to be somewhere, uh, without Wi-Fi like on a plane. So that's finding content I already have. What about discovering new content? With Nexus 7, we're introducing a powerful new recommendations engine for discovering content that's relevant to you. We present this information on beautiful and dynamic widgets on your home screen. Uh, here you can see that we've, uh, set ours up for recommendations for apps, books and movies, but you can customize it to show the content you're most interested in. And if you don't like a particular recommendation, just dismiss it and you'll get another. These widgets are intelligent, and they'll get smarter and more accurate the more you use them. Now, sometimes new content finds you. Maybe you hear a song you like on the radio or TV, but you don't exactly know what it is. We've added a what's-this-song widget. Uh, you just tap on it, and it will identify the music playing and give you a link to the Play Store so you can buy it instantly. So the device is beautiful, but let's go back to the slides for a second. Nexus 7 is the perfect device to use all the Google applications you already know and love. Gmail on Nexus 7 is the perfect size to read and respond to your emails. Chrome, your favorite websites look beautiful on the HD display. The first device that ships with Chrome as the standard browser. Let's go back to the device and take a look at some of those apps. Why don't we start with YouTube? So the new YouTube app has a great tablet-optimized design. You've got your channel feed here on the left, and you can just swipe over. Why don't we pick something here to watch and get some video going? You've got high-def YouTube right in the palm of your hand. It's the YouTube that you already know but optimized for Nexus 7. Now, in addition to exploring a huge amount of videos online, you can also explore the world around you. So let's take a look at Google Maps. Now, in Google Maps, you can find your way around with the features you are already familiar with, like turn-by-turn navigation, public transit, live traffic and Street View. But what about getting to know a place before you get there? I heard about a local bar called District, so let's go check it out. We can tap here and get all this great information about the restaurant, including Zaget reviews from Google Plus Local. And I can also scroll down and tap on See Inside. Once I do, I'm inside the bar. I've got this nice view, and for an even better experience, I can turn on Compass Mode. So why don't you go ahead and do that, Randall? Now, we've had this feature for a little while, but what we've done in the latest version is hook it up to the gyroscope, which makes it incredibly smooth and fast and responsive. It's just like being there. Now, as we announced, we're also adding support for offline maps, so you can save the data for an entire city locally on the device and be able to use maps without a data connection. Simply tap on the menu. It's as easy as bringing up the menu and tapping Make Available Offline and you're good to go. So those features are all in the latest version of Google Maps shipping with Nexus 7. Now I want to talk to you about Google Currents. Currents brings you all the great content that the Web has to offer in a mobile magazine format that looks incredible on Nexus 7. My morning routine is I open up Currents first thing in the morning every day to check out the news. Subscribe to a number of feeds. You have trending stories here around the top, but why don't we tap into the Daily Beast and take a look at what articles are there. So here we have a list of recent articles we can swipe through and read in a reading mode that's actually on the same technology that the magazine's WebView is, so it has that same beautiful look. And you can see the content here is pulled straight from the Web and beautifully formatted for Nexus 7. Now behind all of this great content is the power of Google. So what we've done is we baked Google Translate right into Currents. So we can go to the menu and I can translate everything into another language. And within a few seconds of doing that, Randall I believe picked Arabic, so we're going to see this entire edition translated into Arabic. Currents is another Google app that works great on Nexus 7. With its quad-core CPU, gyroscope and accelerometer, Nexus 7 is a serious gaming device. We'll start with the game Horn from Phosphor Games in Chicago. Horn is an epic adventure set in a richly detailed world with the kind of environment never before seen on a mobile device. You've got lens flares, environmental effects, individually rendered leaves on the trees. So Randall takes the Express Elevator down here. We can see that in addition to the graphics looking beautiful, the animation is very fluid and it just controls beautifully. This is the kind of experience that until recently you would have not been able to see anywhere out of a dedicated gaming console. So Horn is really putting all those 12 GPU cores to work. Of course, not everything in Horn is shiny and beautiful. It ruined the surprise, but it ends badly. So going from alive to dead, we're going to take a look at Dead Trigger from Madfinger Games. They're a developer located in Prague. Now, well, for some games, alright, I've got my progs over here, nice, guns and zombies would be enough of a selling point. But Dead Trigger uses the computational power of the Nexus 7 to create everything from, you see these water droplets that are reacting and sort of going down here on the land. You got realistic fogs and of course, lots and lots of blood. Alright. He was supposed to do a headshot there and he did it. Give it up for Randall, nice job. Who says mobile gaming has to be casual? So now that you've seen everything Nexus 7 can do, Hugo I think we all have one remaining question, which is, how can I get one? Thanks, Chris. That was awesome. So, next, Nexus 7 built to bring you the best of Google in a super thin light and portable device that's optimized for Google Play. It's a fantastic device that we want to get into the hands of as many people as we can. That's why starting today we're making Nexus 7 available starting at only $199. And when you buy your Nexus 7, it also gives you a $25 credit to spend in the Google Play store as well as some great content to build out your library. You'll get the Transformers Dark of the Moon movie from our friends at Paramount Pictures, the Book, the Born Dominion and free magazine issues of popular science, food network, condo and ass traveler and others. Starting today, you can order Nexus 7 directly from Google Play with orders shipping in mid-July. It's available in the US, Canada, the UK and Australia with more countries to follow. Now,


After looking at how we change active to passive sentences let's look at four more sentences in various tenses. We've got my uncle is designing our new kitchen, the gardener has pruned the bushes, we will prosecute trespassers and the police caught the thief last night. Let's have a look and see how we did. The original sentence here my uncle is designing our new kitchen should have changed to our new kitchen is being designed by my uncle. A good way to start the analysis is to look at the tense this sentence is written in which is the present continuous. We know that the auxiliary verb needs to stay in that tense so it becomes being. The verb has changed to the past participle and the object has moved into the subject position and the subject is in the final position resulting in our new kitchen is being designed by my uncle. Now the gardener has pruned the bushes. Again we need to look at the tense which is present perfect changing it to the passive voice it becomes the bushes have been pruned and if we choose we could add by the gardener although we don't have to as it's not important. Again it's the same tense the present perfect with have been. The main verb has switched to the past participle form the object of the sentence has gone into the subject position and the original subject has been added at the end. Next is we will prosecute trespassers this is in the future simple tense which is reflected in will be. Prosecute has changed to prosecuted which is the past participle and the object has moved to the subject position. Because who will be doing the prosecuting is unimportant there is no need to finish the sentence here. Finally the police caught the thief last night which is past simple. The object has moved to the subject position we still have the past simple form of the verb to be was. The main verb is now in the past participle form and the sentence still ends with last night.


Welcome, this is Melissa Arma with the Stock Swoosh and I'm here reviewing how you can use my system, the Golden Gap System, to trade options. Many people ask about this because they don't want to open up a margin account. Well, you can trade the Golden Gap using options. This is me, if you have any questions, you can call me at 929-3200GAP or email me at melissa at thestockswoosh.com or follow me on Twitter, Facebook, YouTube or Skype. So this was a call that I made. Actually, both of these trades we're gonna review here. We were called on October 1st and they both were profitable and went straight up. And sometimes the trades go up right away. Sometimes they take a couple of days, you never know. Anyways, called the October 12th. I'll show you the trade in a minute. Here in the state, the 2.30 calls and it went right up and it was a good trade. Went through the strike and I told everybody in the room, listen, probably get out of this today. It would be a good exit. Again, $3 plus through the strike. First target is always the strike and it worked. So it was dividing Apple calls, expiring 10, 12, strike, 2.30. So the option price, again, it was in a range, could have paid two bucks. Beginner risk for two contracts would have been what, $400. Sale price, five bucks. Again, it went over that five, but if you got out yesterday, profit $600. So that's a nice trade because you have the move taken on the Monday, get out of it on the Wednesday, two-day move, boom, 150% return to investment, out. Okay, you're usually looking for 100%. One over whatever you risk, so 150 is good. If you had taken an advanced risk and risk $4,000, you could have made what? Six grand, it's a nice trade. You gotta be able to risk 4,000, but the nice thing, again, with doing options is it's not about the cost of the position with margin. So to be able to buy what was essentially 2,000 contracts of Apple, you don't need to worry about the cost of 228 bucks or $229, whatever it was that day. You only need the cost of the position, however much you're risking, which it costs two bucks per one. So if you got 20, it was four grand, but you made six. Again, 150% return investment. This was a really nice call as well. And I even call this late. I call this late, I waited for the confirmation, nice trade. Anyways, called it in here in the first, a little bit later in the morning than the other one, ran straight up, ran straight up. Again, right up into the number, I called the 270, and again, not expiring to 1012, but I feel like because of the move that it had, it was yesterday was the date to get out. And like I said, I called it late, it was around 11 o'clock to buy the 270 calls and the diamonds, which is essentially the dowy tier. So beginner risk is what? 40 cents, 10 contracts would have been what? $400 risk per cash. Sale price around 110 and went over that, but to give you an average 700 profit, 175% return investment. That's a solid, solid trade in two days. And if you had risked $4,000, you would have made seven grand, 100 contracts. That's a big position, it's a big position, but four grand, if you could afford it, could have made seven grand, really nice move. And so again, if you had done the two trades for beginner risk, risking 800, your profit would have been 1,300 bucks in two days. Advanced risk, 8,000, profit would have been 13 grand in two days. So you could do an intermediate risk here, I'm just showing the beginner and the advanced, but it's two trades in two days, using one strategy and no margin account required, which I think is important because a lot of people say, well, how do I do this, what do I do? First of all, there's many different options out there to trade for a day trader actively. And if you need those options, email me or refer you to people, but you absolutely can use the Golden Gap system to trade options, you rate the gap. And that's how I'm calling the trades, you rate the gap. You can sign up for the options letter. The options letter is $4,999 a year before the letter, you get the trades emailed to you. So options are a way to make money if you cannot be in the live trading room daily, and if you wanna do the options and day trade, you can do both. I teach this method, if you wanna rate the gaps yourself though, in the Golden Gap course. Classes October 6th and 7th, it's this weekend from nine to five Eastern time, class of the class is $54,99 US dollars. Class is online, it could be anywhere in the world and take it, it is online. And again, the subscription for just the newsletter, you wouldn't learn what I know in the class, but you would get the trades for the year, it's $4,999. The letters emailed to you for the trades and you get them and you take them, okay? So if you wanna sign up for the class this weekend, tomorrow's the deadline October 5th, you wanna sign up for the leather, you can do that anytime, but I wouldn't wait because it's earning season, it's started, it's here, and there's gonna be tons of really good movers and trades just like these ones that I called here. If you have questions, call me, email me, I'm around. That's why I'm looking forward to a very strong close to 2018. Financially profit wise, with the calls, I have just been on point, I called that move in the market more than a month ago on Fox Business, I called it the Dow would make that move and it absolutely did. So it was a huge call and I'm really glad that people profited from it. Have a great day, everyone.


Good morning and thank you for coming on behalf of the kidney cancer Association You know she really appreciate all the effort that's gone into organizing this Wonderful event and you know, it's a really important regional conference for us to support and to be able to put on every year Just to give you a little bit of context on my involvement the kidney cancer Association I started working with them a little bit over five years ago doing projects and helping them with their organizational structure And I have since been put to become a board member and so I'm a board member for about three years now and I've Really really loved being part of the kidney cancer Association and being able to attend events like this and and being engaged in such an important Such an important program So just to give you a little bit of context in the kidney cancer Association and a little bit of history It's this is actually the 25th year of its existence The kidney cancer Association has three goals Patient research and and education advocacy for those patients and then promoting new research in 1990 Dr. Eugene Schoenfeld was diagnosed with kidney cancer and at the time there wasn't a lot of good options And there wasn't a lot of information out there. And so he actually had a challenge from his doctor. Well do something about it Dr. Schoenfeld decided to start the kidney cancer Association as a way to start getting information out there as a way to help other patients and And you know to promote new new treatments and your cures for kidney cancer Years later, we have a much better situation. There's as You know as we're just discussing there's new treatments There's a lot of therapies out there that were not around the beginning of the kidney cancer Association There's targeted therapies. There's new clinical trials, but there's also plenty of room for us to go the kidney cancer Association is It's not it's an international organization and it's really comprised of everybody It's the patients the families the survivors the caregivers nurses doctors, and it's a group that transcends international borders The mission is clear reduce suffering Mortality and incidents of kidney cancer globally through collaborative education research and patient advocacy To that end there's two main pillars of activities that the kidney cancer Association conducts in order to achieve these goals First of all from patient perspective. It's to get out information There's a hundred supporting conferences and in meetings on a regional and local basis including four larger ones like this on an every year In addition to kidney cancer as a comprehensive set of resources on its website without I'd encourage you to check out kidneycancer.org is the domain Additionally, you can find kidney cancer Association on Facebook on Twitter and a number of social media outlets on the on the kidneycancer.org website There's a wealth of resources including literature Videos of conferences like this and probably this conference later Information sees on drugs The option to have live chats with nurses, you know 24 hours a day And so there's constantly resources available if you have any questions on the kidney cancer website in addition that we have kidney cancer literature that they have The that we have updated and and kept going is something that is you can download you can purchase you can have it Shipped to you. There's a number of different ways to get this literature. We actually have several copies outside as well This is something that's reviewed every year through a nurse practitioners group that we're involved with and is Constantly kept up to date. So again, I really I really would encourage you to go if you haven't already spent some time on the kidney cancer.org website In addition to the patient patient education Any cancer Association is very involved in research and promoting new research Every year there are a number of grants that are given to young investigators Who are beginning their careers in order to help them find their research and start their commitment to kidney cancer as young Principal investigators. In addition, there's a number of symposiums both local and international. There's generally one in Chicago There have been in Dublin and Singapore and other locales around the world These symposiums offer a really important opportunity for researchers and doctors to get together This is where doctors are educated on new treatments and there's there's a lot of discussion on What the the current trends are and and important places for them to change their their practice in addition This is where papers are presented as new research and exciting developments are are Coming to fruit coming to bear fruit And so this is another area where the kidney cancer Association really focused a lot of its effort and a lot of its resources to try to Push for the the research for for this important important disease Thank you very much, and I really appreciate you all coming today


NFL trade deadline came and went and the Baltimore Ravens did not make one single move Apparently, there was some talks apparently there was some conversation But obviously nothing came to fruition and for me personally I was disappointed I was not mad, but I was disappointed that nothing happened because I felt like the Baltimore Ravens could have gotten even stronger Then they already are yesterday, but it didn't happen So we got to move on but somebody who is moving on but probably in a better space than they may have been in yesterday Even days leading up to yesterday and probably the biggest winner of the Baltimore Ravens from them not doing anything at the trade deadline I would have to say is Gus Edwards Gus Edwards because when you think about it like you hear and heard all the talk about the Baltimore Ravens Possibly adding the running back to this room and adding a RB one Like a lot of people were saying like oh, yeah, the Baltimore Ravens need a true number one running back to add to this team Eleviate the workload for Gus Edwards take some off for Gus Edwards. It doesn't all just have to be on Gus Edwards But Gus Edwards, I'm sure as an NFL player at any position Like yeah other players take the workload off of you But at the same time you want to do everything yourself You want everything to be on you because you want to be the guy So with Gus Edwards with the Baltimore Ravens not trading for a running back not bringing anybody in at the running back position This get can give him an extra boost of confidence like oh, okay. It's my time now It's my time to shine and that three touchdown game against the air zone of Cardinals I'm sure that boosted his ego as it should have but now with them not trading for anything Gus is in a really good position to show everybody like hey. No, no, no, I got this trust me I really do now, of course I'm sure he wouldn't have been opposed to the Baltimore Ravens added another running back But at the same time, maybe he would have Internally and personally Gus Edwards has not been a type to make a big fuss about anything when it comes to his usage with the Baltimore Ravens And he has had every single right to in my opinion to make a big deal of the way that he is used or sometimes not used Because I've been saying it for a long time I feel like Gus Edwards should be there running back one right now, especially once that injury to JK Dobbins happened They should have been like all right Gus. It's all you but a lot of times they have failed to do that They limit Gus's carries almost and could it be strategy for the long haul? Could it be a strategy for to try to keep him and other running backs as fresh as possible down a stretch? Hey, who knows? I don't know. Maybe I Don't know no clue But I feel like Gus could have done a lot like games like he had against the Cardinals on Sunday I feel like he could have had a lot more of those if the Ravens like use him just a bit more now I know he has dealt with injuries over the past couple of years So you may want to limit his usage and bringing in another running back it could have helped that it could have alleviated a lot of what was on Gus's plate, but I'm sure Gus like I Don't think he'll want any alleviation off of his plate if that's even a word But I'm sure Gus will want his plate to be even bigger because you think about it like he's an NFL player he's an NFL player and When you are an NFL player you want everything that you can possibly get because you know the NFL stands for not for long I think about a Y receiver like a Y receive on the team if a Y receive is on the team They like if you add another Y receiver to the mix. They're cool. Okay. We got another guy All right, let's get it, baby. Would I take away from my numbers? Ah, yeah, it might a little bit But hey, that'll take some attention off of me too, but then you add another Y receiving to the team Okay, then you had another Y receiving to the team is like, okay, like We only got one ball to go around like I wanted what he wants it to and he wasn't and when you if they have the mindset of team player That was great, but why receive is their job is to catch the ball So if they ain't catching ball if they out there running routes and stuff ain't catch the body gonna get frustrated I think personally it's the same way. We're running backs to we're running We're really any position because they want the opportunity to be the guy They want their chances and if you add more to the mix then that takes away from their chances to shine So anyway with Gus Edwards I think that he has to be really happy that the Baltimore Ravens they did not end up making a move at the running back position Yesterday now another winner from this non trade is Justice Hill Justice Hill for reasons just like Gus Edwards to because Justice Hill his carries are already limited and He may have been thinking to if they trade for a runner back. Oh man Like I don't I don't had a couple of fumbles and whatnot. I had a little couple mistakes I don't have some nice plays to and more good plays than bad for certain But if they add another runner back, what will that do for me? So Justice Hill is definitely another winner of the Baltimore Ravens not making a move But one more winner that I really feel is extremely happy about the Baltimore Ravens not doing anything yesterday It's got to be Keith Mitchell and The reason it's got to be Keith Mitchell is because think about it like Keith Mitchell what he has for two carries I think to two carries so far and then he did he probably would have maybe a couple of more But he had a hamstring injury two weeks ago in the game But Keaton Mitchell Undrafted rookie free agent like think about this to two NFL carries so far in his career If they would have traded for a veteran running back whether it was Derek Henry whether it was Josh Jacob Zach Maul, Saquon, Barkley, whoever you name it. It didn't happen But if they were to trade it for one of those guys if I'm Keith Mitchell, I'm thinking oh man That's it for me That's a wrap. I'm I'm done Because he would have been competing for carries with Gus Edwards been here since 2018 a Veteran running back whether it was any of the ones we named or somebody else and If the Ravens traded for that person and they would certainly want to use that person that they gave up draft capital to acquire and then Justice Hill Who is on his second contract with the Baltimore Ravens and then he would have been next in line For a team that's passed in the ball a lot more than they have in recent years, too So he would he would have had to feel like oh man if they traded for somebody. I ain't gonna get nothing I'm just gonna be relegated to special teams if the if I'm even active on game days So I feel like Keaton Mitchell is sitting back He was watching everything as it goes on because we don't keep Mitchell beyond Twitter So he's I'm sitting sure you sit back watching everything that goes on and like man Okay, okay. I'm here in all the rumors. They they might get this guy. Are they talking to this guy? Are they talking to this team? Are they talking to that team? I don't know man But once four o'clock came and went and actually when it got to like four four four five Because sometimes some stuff trickles in last minute But when that time came and went and the Ravens had not made a move especially at the running back position Oh, keep Mitchell had to take a deep sigh. Oh, he's had to take a deep breath and realize We got a shot Seriously, because I really do think if Ravens would have acquired somebody That would have been it. That would have been a rap That's why even going into this season for Keaton Mitchell I was shaky about him because I was like, we got JK Dobbins. We got Gus We got Justice Hill and with him battling with Melvin Gordon I felt like he deserved the roster spot. I felt like he should have been on the team But I was like, I know how these Baltimore Ravens operate they undraft the rookie free agent over a veteran run the back Oh, yeah, no, they going with the veteran up, but they went with Keaton Mitchell and I was like, oh, okay But then if they would have brought somebody in then yeah That that probably would have been a wrap for him in any possible time that he could get carrying that football But for his sake it worked out. So now for Keaton Mitchell It's about for all three of those guys Gus Edwards Justice Hill Keaton Mitchell It's about making the most of those opportunities when they come because now it's officially like I mean they could sign somebody free agency or what now they can call it somebody from the practice squad But now it's officially all on you Gus Edwards. It's officially all on you Justice Hill It's officially all on you Keaton Mitchell Those are the Baltimore Ravens running backs for the foreseeable future for the rest of the this this season Those are the guys So it's up to them to carry the Ravens Are you see that get that little wordplay to carry the Ravens for the rest of the season into the playoffs and hopefully Into the Super Bowl man because the Baltimore Ravens despite them not having made a move yesterday They still got a real shot at making it happen. They really really do they really do so with them being the big winners of The Ravens not making any moves yesterday Now it's time for them to be winners on the field moving forward and now it's time to continue Especially for Gus Edwards and Justice. It's time to continue to show why hey, no, no, no, we good No, no, no, no, we got this. No, no, no We're straight at the running back position and you should be glad that the Baltimore Ravens didn't add anybody else