Hello, and welcome back to another GCSE revision lesson. Now, I've put out a poll asking students, especially year 11 students, what the fine most challenging about the English language paper two exam and an overwhelming majority of you who voted in this poll over 1000 of you, basically said that question number four is the most challenging aspect of this paper. Now, what I want to show you guys in this lesson is actually how you can effectively tackle this part of the exam in three simple steps. And hopefully this question is going to seem less challenging, less tricky, and less mystifying for you, okay? So as you can see behind me, I have outlined the three steps and the approach that I would suggest you should take when it comes to doing really, really well for this question. Now, remember, when it comes to question number four, this is going to be your second comparison question. You've already practiced a little bit of the comparison question for question number two. You've been asked to get both extracts right summary. Is it a difference or is it similarity point? Therefore, by the time you get into question number four, if you're working through the paper chronologically, you kind of have already practiced making some comparisons, either similarities in source A and source B or difference. However, for this question, there's a final added step whereby you need to add techniques and you need to analyze, okay, what does this show us about the writers perspectives? Are they similar or are they different? Now, when it comes to this question, remember, of course, as I mentioned, I've mentioned already writers feelings and perspective, this question tests your awareness of being able to talk about, okay. So when I'm looking at source A and source B, these are the writers similar feelings or the different perspectives on this particular area or this particular theme that they're exploring. Remember, the two sources you're given for paper two, they are always somehow thematically linked. Last year for the 2022 exam, it was to do with camping. The previous year, it was to do with sweets. The year before that, it was to do with mountain climbing, okay? There's always a theme. And of course, this theme is conveyed to us through the writers that convey this, okay? The modern writer in source A and the Victorian writer in source B. Now, when you are answering this question, remember that it's worth 16 marks, therefore you wanna spend at least 17 minutes on this question and it tests your AO3. Your ability to look at two sources and compare them, okay? You're not talking about one paragraph for source one and one paragraph for source two or one paragraph for source A, one paragraph for source B. You are integrating that comparison. That's the first thing you need to remember. Step two, approach this question like you would question number two with just one small difference, okay? So, just like in question two, where you've got to talk about both sources, similarity or differences, you're literally applying the same approach to this question, okay? The only difference here is you're then adding also how the writers convey their perspectives through techniques, both language and structural techniques. Now, in this question, of course you're either gonna be expected to talk about similarity and differences when it comes to the writer's perspectives and also you need to be able when you're selecting the bits of evidence to talk about, okay. In source A, I can see that the writers use structure in this way. In source B, maybe the writers use language in this way. Paragraph number two, here's an example in source A of where language has been used by the writer. Here's another example of structure used by this other writer, okay? You need to mix that up and aim to write at least two to three comparative paragraphs. I keep on emphasizing comparative. You need to integrate your analysis. You need to talk about both sources in every single paragraph that you write. You do not write source A in one paragraph, source B in another paragraph because that means you're talking about them in parallel. You need to integrate them, okay? Final step when it comes to answering question number four is my suggestion, when you're answering this question, adopt the simple pill paragraph framework. Pill is point evidence explanation link. Let me show you how you can do so when writing comparatively for this question. Start off with your point. In your opening point, obviously look at the keywords in the question and then talk about how the author of source A shows this as well as the author of source B when it comes to the feelings and perspectives. Are they similar or are they different? It depends on the question that you were given. The second step in your pill paragraph is your evidence. Then you embed, here's some evidence from source A, here's some evidence from source B, which is illustrating what I'm trying to say in my opening point. Next step is your explanation. Now this is where the bulk of your marks are. This is where now you're gonna start racking up lots of points and lots of analysis from your examiner. This second E is you explaining what does this illustrate in terms of the writer's perspectives for both source A and source B and you're doing so by referring to subject terminology. You need to make mention. Metaphor, similarly, simple sentence, short sentence, one word sentence, whatever it is, you need to talk about it for source A and source B and say what this tells us about writers, viewpoints and perspectives. Final step in your pill paragraph, the link, you simply link it back to the questions, the keywords and say, therefore what this is showing me is writers' viewpoints are similar in this way, writers' viewpoints are different in this way, okay? I hope I've kind of made this straightforward for you guys. So now what I'm gonna do is show you how you can apply this three-step framework to a past paper question and how you can write a model response for this. So let me show you how to apply the framework that I've suggested for question number four. This is the writer's viewpoints and perspectives question and I'm more specifically gonna show you how to apply it for this particular exam question. This is a June 2020 paper. Remember, all of these exam papers that I look at and I go over from AQA, you can download it for free off AQA's website, okay? So now, as I said, with this exam question and this paper, I'm gonna be going over a worked model response and walking you through how you can approach this question. Now, remember, if you do go ahead and practice this question, you always get a choice of two sources and of course, for question number four, this is your second big comparative question. You've got to do a lot of things. You firstly not only need to compare both sources within each of your comparative paragraphs, but you also need to make sure you're adding relevant subject terminology, some language and structure techniques when you are talking about the writer's viewpoints and perspectives. Now, of course, I have already pre-worked this. So if you want to read these sources for yourself and you want to kind of get a bit more of a detailed understanding of these sources, do download them and read them for yourself. However, just quickly, remember that source A, if you've read this, okay, and if you're familiar with this extract, this source is taken from an autobiographical account and it's a modern extract by a guy called Joe Simpson. He basically describes this horrible, horrible descent down a mountain. His leg is broken and he's with his fellow climber, Simon Yates. However, Simon isn't that great in kind of helping him descent. So Simon is kind of carrying him, but he kind of lets him sway here and there. His leg starts catching things and he's just in loads of pain, right? And the way this extract ends, we are still unsure and uncertain as to whether they actually managed to get down safely. So we're left on a little bit of a cliffhanger and we can see that Joe, who's in loads and loads of pain, so his experience of climbing and descending this mountain is really, really tainted. It's marred, it's made worse by his broken leg. He's just in, you know, he has a very, very negative tone when he's describing this descent, okay? The way he's going down this mountain. In contrast, of course, the theme that ties both sources is climbing on mountains, climbing dangerous mountains. However, in this case, Gertrude Bell, the author of this Victorian source, it's a letter. She actually has a very optimistic outlook, okay? So even if she's a novice, she's new to this, she hires a guy called Marius and her experience is completely different. In fact, it's the complete opposite. She has an amazing experience.  She's describing this really, really beautiful landscape, even if it's quite dangerous. At some points, she's not very good at climbing, so Marius literally has to carry her up as well as down. However, this only makes her experience really, really positive. He's quite gentle with her, unlike Simon. And right at the end, not only does she manage to get down the mountain with the help of Marius, but actually she even goes back to her hotel and even sips five cups of tea before she writes about this experience. So of course, the writer's perspectives are very different in the sense that you've got Simpson, who's in lots of pain, whilst Gertrude is, you know, she has a great experience. However, the main similarity in the overarching thing that ties them both together is the both kind of exploring and climbing mountains and climbing very dangerous mountains, okay? So of course, if you want to get a bit more detail, you can read that in your own time. However, let me show you guys how to approach this question. Now with this question, you're working very hard for these 16 marks, okay? So my suggestion would be the following. If you are not very good at time management, if you're also not very good at being speedy in your writing, dive straight into writing at least two or three Peel paragraphs where you are integrating and comparing both sources, okay? In your opening point, you're talking about source A and source B. In your evidence, you're talking about source A and source B, you're taking a bit of evidence from source A, bit of evidence from source B. In your explanation, you're saying, are they similar, are they different? And you're thinking about language and structure techniques in source A and source B. And of course, in your link, you then show what does this illustrate when you're thinking about the question in source A and source B. So now quickly reviewing the question itself, it says, for this question, you need to refer to the whole source A together with the whole source B. Compare, this is AO3, how the writers convey the different feelings and perspectives on their adventures in the mountain. So here you're asked to focus squarely on differences. Similar to question number two, the only difference is in question two, you're asked to write a summary of differences between Marius and Simon. In this case, it's more the writers. And of course, in this case, it's also the writers' feelings and perspectives, okay? And you're asked to compare the different feelings and perspectives on their adventures. Compare the methods. So now here when you're asked to talk about methods, you need to show how the authors of source A and source B use language and structure to convey the feelings and perspectives and of course, support your response with references to both texts. My suggestion is, if you're really struggling for time or you're not very quick at speed writing, 16 marks is still quite a lot, so you need to write at least a minimum, at least two comparative paragraphs. You're integrating both source A and source B. If you can, try to aim to write three-pill paragraphs and if you're super, super confident, very comfortable with this question and you've practiced, you've put in the work, you can start off with a nice brief introduction, summarizing the main differences, three-pill paragraphs for source A, source B, then conclusion. I'm quite extra, so I'm going to start off with an introduction, okay? So of course, I start off this question with an introduction. This is just kind of icing on the cake, okay? You don't have to do this, but I'm going to read through my introduction and then I'm going to walk you through my first comparison, Peel Point. It's evident that both Simpson and Bell, so this is the surname of both authors, have contrasting feelings and perspectives on their adventures. So I'm reasserting and reaffirming to the examiner, hey, Ms. Examiners, hey, Ms. Examiners. I'm totally understanding this question and I'm showing you that I understand that they have different feelings and perspectives. To be sure, Simpson's feelings are clouded by his pain, yet Bell's feelings are influenced by her professional guide. While Simpson's perspective seems pessimistic, Bell's perspective is far more optimistic. That's my opening introduction. However, now diving into the meat and potatoes of this actual answer, okay? This is the main part and what I'm going to do is I'm going to walk you through how I have integrated my comparison for both sources and how they are different when it comes to the writers' feelings and perspectives. So I've started off with my opening point. Firstly, it's evident that Simpson in Source A fills a roller coaster of emotions whilst on the mountains. Nonetheless, Bell in Source B seems excited throughout her journey, which is a contrast to Simpson's despair. I've opened by discussing how different their feelings and perspectives are in my opening point. I've made it really clear. Here's the difference between Source A and Source B. That's my opening point. Then here's my evidence. In Source A, the author sobbed, gasped, and swore at the snow yet in Source B. The writer felt she started her trip on a perfect night where there were stars and a moon. That's my evidence from both sources. Here's my explanation. Now here, this is where you are talking about the methods that the writers use to convey their different feelings and perspectives. The writer of Source A uses the rule of three to convey his deep despair as he was painfully descending the mountain. Now here, I've talked about language technique for Source A. Nonetheless, the author of Source B uses celestial imagery. Celestial imagery is stuff relating to moons, stars, heavens, okay? That's really powerful language analysis. So again, I'm talking about language. So the author of Source B uses celestial imagery to convey her exuberance, which means happiness, when climbing the mountain. So I've talked about rule of three, language in Source A, celestial imagery, language in Source B. What does this show? It's showing the difference in their feelings and perspectives. Now simply finish off by linking back to the question. Thus, while Simpson feels downcast on his mountain adventure, so he feels really sad and upset, Belle is quite expectant and positive during her adventure. So as you can see here in my first peel paragraph point of an explanation link, my opening point is both sources. My evidence I've embedded, two bits of evidence from Source A and Source B. Then in my explanation, I'll talk about rule of three versus celestial imagery, the methods of the authors used to show the differences in their perspectives before linking it back to the question. I'm constantly integrating both sources. Here's my second peel paragraph. Secondly, it's evident that Belle and Simpson have differing perspectives on their guides and this influences their experiences. Simpson seems annoyed with Simon, yet Belle is pleased with Marius. Second point, where I'm talking about another aspect in the differences between their views and perspectives. Here's my evidence. While Simpson was howling, I swore Simon's character to the devil, Belle felt nurtured as Marius, ellipsis, pulled me up like a parcel. Here's my evidence for both sources. Now here's my explanation. Source A employs a complex sentence, and now here I'm talking about sentence types which is structure, to convey Simpson's fury at Simon's lack of empathy as he quickly lowered him down. However, Belle in Source B uses a simile language to depict how pleased she is with Marius's care. As he pulls her up the mountain, that's my evidence for both. Complex sentence structure, that's the method I'm talking about in Source A, simile method in Source B. Here's my link. Consequently, whilst the writer of Source A adopts a negative perspective on his companion, the writer of Source B has a far more positive view of her companion. This affects the experiences on the mountains, linking back to the both questions, talking about what's going on in Source A versus Source B. Now here's my final peel paragraph, talking about source A, Source B, differences in writer's feelings and perspectives. Opening point. Finally, it's evident that the author of Source A doubts if he will arrive back at base safely. Nevertheless, the writer of Source B seems smug that she's arrived back from the mountain safely. When she's smug it means that she's really pleased with herself somewhat arrogantly, okay? As Simpson's journey continued, he admits, so here's my evidence for Source A, my optimism evaporated. I've taken a quote right from the end of the text. Here's my evidence for Source B. Yet, Bell considers her journey with complete satisfaction. That's my evidence from Source B. Here's my explanation, including both sources. The author of Source A uses a simple sentence structure to show his doubts and pessimism on whether he will complete his adventure. Yet, the writer of Source B employs a complex sentence, again structure, to reveal her confidence and optimism when it came to completing the mission. I've made this paragraph in terms of methods, a structure paragraph. Now I'm finished off by linking back to the question. Hence, while Simpson seems doubtful and pessimistic about his journey, Bell seems positive and optimistic. Again, I've linked it back to the question. Talked about both sources. Now here's my conclusion, not necessary. It's just me tying it up and basically saying, okay, this are the differences between both climbers. In conclusion, it's evident that both writers held different feelings and perspectives. Bell seemed more optimistic than Simpson. Yet, their experiences were also influenced by their companions. Simpson was angry at Simon's lack of compassion, which influenced him yet. Bell was pleased with Marius' care and this made her feel positive. Not absolutely necessary. This is for those of you who are like, yep, totally got this exam, feeling super confident. I'm going to be able to write loads. Okay, start off with your intro. Three body paragraphs, your three pill points, talking about source A and source B, consistently within the same paragraph.  So that's really it when it comes to how to approach question number four for the paper two exam.


My name is Benjamin Golis and I am the Chief of the Division of Surgical Oncology for the Central Region for the Hack and Sack Meridian Health System. My primary area of expertise is in treating patients with malignancies of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, and abdominal cavity. I also treat patients with numerous other types of malignancies including skin cancers and soft tissue tumors. I chose surgical oncology because I wanted to try to make a difference in a field that was very challenging. My personal care philosophy has always been to 100% try to focus on the patient first. For patients that are diagnosed with these types of advanced malignancies navigating the medical system can be a really daunting task. Receiving your treatment in total can last nine to 12 months and it's dozens of appointments and dozens of different people so it can be extremely complex and I think our job is to do everything in our power to make that experience as painless and seamless as possible so that they can focus on the important thing which is getting their treatment getting better and spending time with their family rather than you know being on the phone trying to make a thousand appointments to be able to help them through their diagnoses and their cancer is really extremely rewarding. It's a huge challenge for the patients. It's also a huge challenge for us in taking care of them but the reward that we get from that is is tremendous.


Hey guys, it's James here with a little discussion video. I've actually been wanting to do some more of these lately, but I just haven't gotten the chance to do it until now, and I'm doing it in this audio-only format just because I mean the camera that I've been using since I've started the show is... it's a decent camera, don't get me wrong, but it is also pretty old and it's not compatible with any other microphones, like I can't improve the sound quality with it at all, and that's coming into more and more stark contrast with my scripted stuff now that I have a better microphone with it, so I was just gonna try for this one video to just do audio and you guys let me know if you have a preference. With that out of the way, I want to talk about why I think that the Expanse television show is the greatest book-to-screen adaptation that has ever been created. Now, I'm not one of those guys that always goes around saying the book was better. There are a lot of people that do that, and don't get me wrong, I think that in a lot of cases they're correct because films and books have different limitations and different strength from one another, so sometimes it can be hard to get across the core message of the original work in an adaptation. You see this a lot in movies like, for example, the Harry Potter series. Now, those movies are fairly long, but the books are way longer, and that's always been the main problem that adaptations have faced when they get turned into films is that, well, they have a lot less time to work with, so there's less time for world building, there's less time for character development, there's less time for developing more complex bits of the story, and it can be very hard to get a lot of that across, and so the Harry Potter movies in particular, I mean, they aren't terrible, I think they're good movies, but there are a lot of points where the story gets simplified or characterization gets left out, and so sometimes they feel a little bit more hollow, and the emotions aren't quite as powerful as they were in the books. Like, for example, I think we've all seen the deleted scene from the Deathly Hallows part one, where Harry is leaving the Dursleys, and he actually says goodbye to Petunia and Dudley, and those are both very powerful moments, and they left them out of the original film, so you know what I'm saying is that sometimes they're just hamstrung, they're hamstrung by being adapted into a movie. Now the first obvious advantage that The Expanse has is that even though they're really, really long books, they have a television show, and that gives them a lot more time to work with, because you just couldn't make the story into a movie or a series of movies. It just wouldn't work, you'd have to leave out way, way too much stuff. But the television show has time to not only get across all of the plot points and world building and characterization that the books have, but it actually expands upon them and adds new ones, which really make it a better story, I would argue. Now the most obvious example of this is how they develop more minor characters a lot better. You know, people like Ghazi, the security, the security, sorry, security worker that works for Avasarala, he's barely even mentioned in the books, he's just kind of a guy that's there, a guy that, that works for her, whereas in the show he has an actual face, an actual voice, and personality that you can, you can connect with. And so, oh yeah, obviously there will be really big spoilers for the books here. I probably should have, probably should have said that earlier, but you know, whatever, there, there will be spoilers from this point on.  Okay, so anyways, when Ghazi dies in season three, you actually feel really sorry for him. He goes out like a hero and you just have actually connected with him by that point. And not only that, you have people like a drummer who, while she is in the books, plenty, and she, she is very likable in there, in the show she actually gets a lot more time devoted to her. And you see her interactions with other side characters that aren't the main characters and you, you just feel more, well obviously you feel more connected to her, but even beyond that, you feel more of her strength coming through and more of her toughness and more of how, yeah, this is kind of a hardcore bitch, but she's, she's a genuinely good person beyond that.  There's people like Diogo, who was again barely mentioned in the books, but now he has an actual character arc and personality. There's people like Dawes and Jules Pierre Mow, who just, just everyone in the show, almost everyone, has their character expanded upon and they generally get really good actors to play them, or at least solid actors, and so that just brings their personality to life, that brings them out more. Not to mention that for the main characters, their characterization is a lot faster and it's shown better, because, you know, in the books, they're, you know, you're in their head when you're following them around. When they're the POV characters, you get in their head, you know their thoughts, and so they can just sort of exposit their past and stuff like that, and it works okay. Whereas in the show, you can't do that, so you have to actually show it. You have to show it through conversation and through visuals, and they do that very well. Like for example, again, there's, you know, Bobby's dealing with her PTSD after her squad gets killed. That's a pretty obvious one. Another pretty obvious one would be Alex's relationship with his wife and his son, you know, like, you actually see them have some brief conversations in the show and you get that, okay, yeah, they're, they have a difficult relationship, but they do, they do love each other. And then there's Naomi, obviously, we don't have to wait until five books in before we know that, oh, okay, she had a son and she used to be a member of the OPA, like, they kind of just come right out and say that earlier on in the show. And honestly, that was one of my issues with the books is that it took forever to get Naomi's backstory. It took forever to get Amos's backstory. And, you know, we had some hints about it, but in the show, they actually just give it to you sooner, so there's less time just spinning your wheels. Another huge, huge advantage that this show has just because it's visual is that it can show off a lot of worldbuilding visually, you know, you can actually see the inside of the belts, you can see Eros and you can see the difference between, okay, this is the rich area and this is the poor area and you can see like, okay, yeah, this is how belters live. I understand why they would feel more resentful towards people on earth. And you also see people on earth, you see the poor, you see the rich, you see just, you see a lot of stuff that they don't really need to explain all that much to you. You see, you know, incoming equality. Well, I keep coming back to that. I'm sorry. But you really get that. And there's also one really, really simple moment from just the pilot episode that always has stuck with me. And that's when Naomi and Holden are on the canterbury and they go on an elevator and they push a button to go down. But then the screen sort of glitches out and frees out. So they just bang on it for a second. And then it starts working again. And that gets across that, okay, yeah, a lot of ships in this universe are really old and barely holding themselves together. That's not something they need to explain. That's just, it's just shown to you. Not to mention that at this point in time, visual effects have advanced to the point where they actually can give a show like this justice, you know, you can show things like the ring. I mean, the ring coming off of Venus and also the way it looks when it's out in the middle of space. That just looks fantastic. It looks alien. In fact, everything about the protomolecule actually looks alien. They really did justice to that from translating it from page to screen. Like the way those little fireflies go around that's, I mean, that's just perfect that you really couldn't do that any better. And then there's stuff like the slow zone, which just looks like, yeah, it doesn't look like something from our universe. It makes you feel uncomfortable just like the characters are.  But even beyond that, when you actually look at the belters, the way they're dressed and how they all have crazy tattoos on their faces and shit, like you really get an idea that, yes, this is a separate culture, and you do actually feel some sort of divide between them and the people on the inner planets. And of course, there's stuff like, you know, the spaceships and the space battles, those are, those are obviously pretty great. And while they don't really improve upon what the book was doing, they, they do it justice, you know, like that that's all an adaptation really should do is do it justice. And the expanse is actually kind of unusual in that it improves upon it in a lot of ways. But the last way that I think this show not only does its original source material justice, but it actually improves upon it is it just gives it a bigger feeling. Because think about it, if you've read the books, you know that all of them are generally focused on a couple of characters, like the first book only has, I think, four POV characters, and two of them were just the prologue and epilogue. So the vast majority of it is just with Holden and Miller. And the thing about that is it works great to give them characterization, and it does still show the story from multiple angles before they eventually meet up. But I mean, there's a lot of off screen events throughout the solar system, which you don't really get to see that well. Whereas the show, it actually is able to focus on minor characters for a scene or two. And so you actually get a better feeling of what's going on all around the solar system, not just with these couple of characters. And so what that does is that it makes the whole world feel bigger. Like it makes you realize that, yes, this is an entire solar system. There are billions of people there.  It just works way, way better in that regard than the books ever could really even hope to, I think. It really does take advantage of the fact that it has more time to develop everything. So that's about all I have to say. Overall, I'm just saying that the Expanse TV show, it keeps the spirit of the books intact. Like it doesn't damage them in any way. It doesn't really change anything that doesn't need to be changed. The only couple of things that it's cut out have been pretty great actually. Like they cut out the character of Bull, but that meant that they got a lot more screen time and a lot more development for Drummer. That was great. And the show also expands upon a bunch of stuff. I don't think I really need to go into any more detail about that. And it really does deliver the same themes. It gives you the same feeling that, yes, the universe is huge and there's something else out there and we don't know what it is or how it works, but we're humans, and so we'll find a way to fight back against it. And to me, that is maybe not the core of the series, but it's very, very close to the core of the series. So that's everything. If you liked this new video format, then let me know, because I'm not sure if I want to keep doing this, but you know, I do like doing these discussion videos. They're more off the cuff. It'll allow you to, you know, talk it out in the comments and everything. And speaking of which, if you have not already liked the video, subscribed and commented, please do that and check out my Patreon if you want to help me make more stuff like this. I'll see you later.


Okay, we're back live here at Strada. I'm John Furrier, the founder of SiliconANGLE.com, and we are in theCUBE, and I'm here with my co-host. I'm Dave Vellante at wikibon.org, and we're here with CUBE alum Amy O'Connor from Nokia, who's a data analytics whiz, runs a group inside of Nokia. So welcome back. Thank you, thanks very much. It's nice to be with you guys again. Yeah, we had Amy on last Duke World in the fall. Seems like quite some time ago. It was just November, down in New York City. That's happened since then. Yeah, here we are again in Strada our second year. So yeah, what's changed since we last saw you? Okay, so first of all, what's changed is, I brought with me my Lumia phone, which I'm incredibly excited about. Look at that, isn't that really? Beautiful. Really sweet. Check it out, can you? Eye candy for the camera. But, you know, we're here to talk about analytics, but my phone makes me excited, so I thought I would show you that guys, that as well. It's gorgeous, feels good. Yeah. I think we need phones for all the CUBE alums here. We'll work on that, we'll definitely work on that. But a lot's happened, so when we talked in the fall, I kind of was talking in three areas of work that we're doing. We're building a centralized data asset of the important data that Nokia's got to kind of bring the company into an area where we make ourselves much more data-driven. And we've done a lot of work since November, I think in three different areas. One is on the technology layer itself and the technology that we use to support this data asset. As you guys know, especially coming to conferences like this and talking to different people, how much the technology is changing over time. So we continue to evolve our ecosystem. In particular, we've done some really interesting work in the past couple months of actually integrating our Hadoop environment with our Teradata environment. We have a, you know, what you might call a legacy data warehouse that's built in Teradata. It's got some really phenomenal assets and views built for folks to do insights there. So we've done a lot of work on some of our big data to process it and manage it and aggregate it and then move those to Teradata. So we're in that world now that people talk about of bridging the big data world with the traditional IT world and how do you actually do SLAs across all of those? And I think from a technology perspective, that's one of the biggest strides that we've made in the past few months. Yeah, so today the Hadoop is all new, right? Relatively new. Right, right. I said to Mike Olson, it's like the tail wagging the dog. Do you see that flipping over time? And he said, it's certainly in terms of the bytes captured. But how about in terms of the value? What do you predict there? You know, the value is in the end use of the data. But the world is changing in that the end use doesn't define what you do with data these days. So we're really trying to collect all of the major data assets of Nokia because we think we can come up with new uses. So I actually see the value in a full, we call it a full technology ecosystem. The value is in the petabytes of data that end up in Hadoop, but then they get culled down and aggregated down to terabytes of data and then gigabytes of data and handed off to users that have data marks and recommendations engines and data that flows back to these phones in particular. So with the traditional data warehouse, the sort of single version of the truth was always what we were chasing is, have we given up on that? Because it seems like we're quite far away from that now with the dupe coming in. And is that okay or am I off base on that? There's a lot of places where you need single version of truth. You certainly need single version of truth in finance. You're right, all of that. But a lot of the rest of the world is quite frankly changing too fast for there to be a single version of truth for more than a moment in time. And a lot of the use cases that we're talking about are use cases that are constantly evolving over time so that as we get new data and new data sources and we learn new things and we use machine learning algorithms, we don't even know what truth we're looking for. So I think the single version of truth for parts of the world and those are the parts of the world that are around contextuality and user experiences will constantly change. So what about, let's see, in the last year, John, the number of distributions I saw Fujitsu announce the new distribution yesterday or the other day and it's exploding. Does that matter to you as a technology practitioner? Do you just let them come and say, hey, we'll try a little bit of everything and is it really not a big technology issue, more of a people in process issue? Talk about that a little bit. Well, I always say that the toughest thing at work is the people part of it. So clearly the most important thing for us to get right is the people and the skills and the ability to use data to do new and interesting things to drive higher values for the business. But we're challenged by the technology. As you said earlier, this is all new and it's interesting when we see new people coming on board with distributions. We look to vendors to support us. We look to, I mean, we don't want to spend our time down in the bits and bytes of Hadoop distributions. So we look to a really good partner to do that so that we can focus in the areas that add value to us. Now I think we've kind of all seen these worlds where there's some code in open source different people pick it up and do different things with us. I hope and expect that all these vendors are putting the best of the best back to open source so that the entire world can keep evolving. And that's really what we look to. So Amy, talk about your experiences for the folks out there dealing with Hadoop. We're hearing, obviously the show here, the standards are, it's being talked about Hadoop is now standard and Michael Olson was just saying, you know, hey, applications are surging in. You've been investing a lot in the development side of the framework, the methodologies around the big data, what's your experience with Hadoop? Where are you now? What are you using? Can you just talk a little bit about some of the details of with Hadoop? You know, we use, we use probably pretty much everything that's in the standard Hadoop distributions that we actually pick up through the Cloud Air distribution. So, you know, pig and hive and we're really, really moving a lot into the H-Base world. We have a lot of different application uses for H-Base and I can talk about some of those a little bit more if you're interested. And you are using H-Base. Yes. We use Uzi and ZooKeeper and Scribe, you know, you name it, the alphabet scoop, we scoop with the best of them. And then kind of, oh yeah, we've got pigs. Yeah, we've got all of that. And then kind of around that world, we also use a lot of, you know, we use Ganglia, we use Nagios, we use around the top of that world, we have a sequel-based world where we do a lot with Oracle, a lot with MySQL, and, you know, as I mentioned earlier, a lot with Teradata. So I think you name it, we use it. Nokia's a huge company, 60,000 employees, spread all over the world. So we've got a lot going on. How is your experience with that product?  With Hadoop? Yeah, it's been good, positive? It's been very positive. I would have to say, given the newness of Hadoop, you know, the fact that it's really only been around for a few years, that it works quite well. We do rely on our relationship with Cloudera to help us quite a bit. We just even, you know, there was just an instance in the past couple weeks where some of our MapReduce jobs were counting on certain things on the platform working certain ways and we put a new version of the platform in that broke some things that these jobs probably shouldn't have been doing. And Cloudera was right there with us on site to help us take care of the issues. So you're using Cloudera for support and you got the license as the enterprise addition? Yeah, yep. CDH license? Yep, yep, CDH license. And I think even in those cases, it was less of a, it wasn't an issue with the distribution or what we were doing from a platform perspective, but I think the places where we're all learning the most is how do we use MapReduce? How are these jobs running? You know, how do we lay them out? What's the, we're constantly trying to profile the jobs themselves to say, you know, what do the compute cycles look like? What data are they touching and all that? And that's an area where we're spending a lot of time now. And you support analytics for Nokia globally? Yes. So how do you deal with all the requests that you must be getting? Do you advertise your capabilities? Do you hide them? How do you manage that whole process? It's a good question. We're at first stages of that. And there's a few different things that we can look at that have happened organizationally inside Nokia. We've got a very strong and good IT organization and they're the ones that support the Teradata data warehouse, for example. They've got some really strong processes and support in place for that single point of truth in the data. So we're partnered with them and we kind of are building the big data side. Well, that being said, we also have many, many very smart people around the company that have pulled down Hadoop distributions and built their own clusters. And part of what we started doing in the past year was to reach out to different folks to say, we really want to build a single data asset and here's the business value of doing that. And what's really turned around in the last couple months is that everybody's brought into this concept of big data and the value of big data. So what we're doing right now is we've taken a step back and instead of focusing on ingesting every data source that we can see into our centralized cluster, we're actually in the process of doing inventory across the whole business. Who is creating data? What is the point of creation? And then who right now is consuming data? And in many cases, it's a single application silo that's consuming data. And maybe for the next year, it's only going to be one application that needs to consume that data. So we push it a little bit lower on our priority list to move it to a centralized Hadoop environment. But then there's cases where there's value of the data across many different application environments and many different analysis environments. Are you classifying those initiatives on the point of creation or can you? Is that something that you can see doing? We're just starting to. Can you automate that? Or is that in that way? In that classification. In other words, you're taking the inventory now, figuring out, okay, what's going on? What's being created? Are you going to actually inject some metadata around that creation so that you can leverage it downstream? It's a great idea. We'll bring you on to help us do that. If you can automate that, then you can really scale it. Yeah, we're kind of at brute force layer right now, but I think we'll get to different levels where we definitely need to do that. Okay. So what were you guys at? So Michael was talking about the application explosion, platform stability. You guys, you got the platform up and running. You're building on that. What apps are you looking to around the corner for as you guys have your vision and your roadmap? Yeah, so really. The big data. Don't mean necessarily Nokia kind of apps. No, no, no. Yep, absolutely. Some of those Nokia apps are become big data apps because what sits on your phone, our drive application, obviously wants to consume contextual data about your world and recommend a better way for you to drive or where you might want to stop along your drive to do different things. Maybe you need gas and we can actually figure that out for you. So the apps themselves will consume data, but there's multiple different pockets where we're using big data. One is just in what people think about in standard business insights themselves. And an example there is we purchase a lot of data from third parties. For example, we have a very, very large places registry which where we document all of the points of interest around the world to the tune of 70 million or so points of interest around the world. And we can actually use big data to determine how are those points of interest being consumed by users on the phone? And maybe some of those sources aren't worth us purchasing. So there's simple things like that where we're doing insights. And another example is we're ingesting the logs from our Hadoop environment itself into our Hadoop environment. And we're analyzing how our Hadoop environment is working to say which jobs are running on which sets of data, where are the hot sets of data and all of that. So those are kind of two interesting things. Analyzing the analysis. Exactly. Yeah. I mean, actually a personal question is you guys having a fun time with us or what?  You're doing a Hadoop for Hadoop. Using Hadoop to make Hadoop better. Yeah, absolutely. Yeah, that part's super fun. There's a few days where it's not so fun. I'll admit that, but for the most part we're having a blast. So inside the company now, this is more of a Nokia question. Obviously the trends that we've been talking about here in theCUBE for over a year and then just recently here with virtualization, with flash, it's all new, this enablement, okay, et cetera, et cetera. But really the big mega trends has been mobile and social and this cloud computing trend which we've been covering since Silicon Angels this year, doesn't deny. You guys are in the mobile business. So you got to double win there. More pressure, is it moved up to the top of Nokia? Is it clear to the company that in order to be good with mobile, you have to be good at big data and be good with other people with big data? And how does that, how's it shaking out with the Nokia? What's the buzz internally? The buzz is data, data, data, data. We have a long way to go to really turn that buzz into a lot of impact on the business but in the past six months the buzz has totally become data. And just to, my calendar, I'm triple booked every hour. I can't read all my email. Actually I need to get somebody in my group to do an analysis on my inbox to figure out which emails I really need to respond to.  Yeah, that part's so cool. Data analysis, well that person's influence isn't as good as it used to be. So what was the buzz before data? Like the last big buzz, was it product, what was the, was it all over the place? So I haven't been at Nokia long enough. I think when I stepped in, which was just about a year and a half ago now, it's been data, it's been data for that amount of time and the buzz just is louder and louder every single day. Yeah, I mean the reason I ask is it feels like a lot of corporations, the buzz is data and it used to be a lot of different things, whether it was a go to market or a new product or whatever it was. Well one of the things that we've talked about how we've changed over, you know, Nokia's a 150 year old company and it started as a wood grinding plant on the banks of a river in Finland and then became a rubber manufacturer in Finland and then became consumer electronics and so one of the things that we talk about is it's always been a company that took raw materials and produced products and we now believe we're kind of beyond how we build this phone itself and we're into taking data as our raw material to build new products. Awesome. All right, Amy O'Connor, well listen, thanks very much for coming back on theCUBE. It's always a pleasure to see you. We'll see you back in Massachusetts. Yeah, thanks for sharing your use cases with us. That's great, people are trying to figure out what to do with it, a lot of questions is creating a services boom right now and we have servicesangle.com, a dedicated section within SiliconANGLE, dedicated to services because we use our big data to predict last year that the services industry is under massive growth because of the side effect of big data. And you would know something about that, like former sun services. Are you an alpha geek by background or a business person? I'm both, I'm a dual headed monster. All right, dangerous. You don't have to invite on theCUBE anytime, thanks for sharing your knowledge with us.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com coming at you with 2020-2021 Upperedeck lower hockey, five box, half case, random team break number nine.  Let's double you up, like SirMix a lot. You're thinking, Joe, if you only sold 15 spots, if you double it up to only 30, aren't there 30, well there's 32 now, but in this particular year, aren't there only 31 teams in the NHL? You're right. That's why we combo the Ducks and the Coyotes right here, so then it'll make 30. All card ship, let's roll it and randomize names and numbers, or names and numbers. Names and teams, three and a four, seven times, one, two, three, four, five, six, and seventh and final time. You got Matt, down to Walter, oh I don't even have this, I was so eager to get this break finished off, I don't even have the spreadsheet set up, there's a new spreadsheet right there. Three and a four, lucky seven times for the teams, one, two, three, four, five, six, and seventh and final time. After seven, we got New Jersey, down to Vancouver. All right, Matt with the Devils, Walter with the Blue Jackets and the Avs, Troy with the Senators, Penguins and Jets, Matt with the Caps, Walter with the Rangers, Matt with the Redweights and Blackhawks, Troy with the Maple Leafs and the Combo Team, Ducks and Coyotes.  Try to watch more hockey this season I think. All right, let's alphabetize this by team and we're going to pause the video. When we come back, we're going to see if there's any trades and then we will have the break and I'm also going to run and go grab those, grab that case too. I think that might be a fresh case. Anyway, we'll find out in a moment. Jaspy'scasebreaks.com, be right back. Hi everybody. So while people are trading right now, we're going to see which five boxes we're going to do. So there's a master case, two inner case. We're going to select the inner case. We'll do half of that inner case right there. It's a five box break. So we're going to select a die for that one right there. One, two, three for the left side, four, five, six for the right side. And it's four, one, two, three, four, five, six. So we're going to save this for next time. There's a lure for random team breaks. We're going to pop this case, inner case open and we're going to see which five we're going to do here. So there's a column of five right here and a column of five right over here. You can kind of see it on the top camera. One, two, three, four, five, six for the right side. And it's going to be, let's pull back here. There's the die. It's one. We're going to do that side right there. So this side, we will save for break, what is this, break number nine? We'll save that side for break 10. So we mark those 10 so we know that they're from the same inner case. All right. Any trades? Don't think there's going to be any trades. All right, I think we're going to have to roll. TWC trade window closed. Let's print and rip. All right, let's take a look at this right here. Thanks everybody for getting in on a Monday. What am I doing here? Today is Monday. Today is Tuesday the 19th. Come on, man. Who's going to mind? Big thanks everybody here getting into break number nine. Appreciate it. I'll have the next side posted. The next five boxes posted after I do this break. All right, excuse me. All right, good luck. Here we go. Yeah, I don't know much hockey at all. I don't know when the first product with Kraken players and it must be whatever 21-22 product is, whatever the first hockey product is. I'm sure we'll have Kraken players. What's the series one kickoff of the season with the new stuff? But I would imagine here, let's, I think we got time. There aren't any other orders coming in here. Let's go to, so I would have this link bookmarked, everybody, which is the blowout forums thread on new releases. They keep that updated pretty regularly. So for hockey, they're all 2021. So the first 21-22 product from upper deck looks like artifacts in early December, followed by MVP in late December, and series one in late December. But artifacts in early, unless that gets pushed back, but artifacts might be your first look, should be your first look at the Kraken because it's the current season. I do know this guy. There's Alexis LeFrenier. He's supposed to be pretty good. That's going to go to Walter and the Rangers. We've got the black rainbow parallels here. Conor McMichael, who sometimes I confuse for Conor McDavid. The double rainbow parallels are pretty sharp as well. So the double rainbow is actually on a slightly thicker card stock. Double the rainbow. No, no worries, Chad. If I were you, I would save up for, I would save up and try to, I feel like series one is really where you want to start your Kraken collection. And I'm sure you got to be on the site, I think, and try to be quick because I'm sure a lot of people are thinking they want to get the Kraken because it's their first year and all that. 1949, Leon Drizitol for the Oilers. That's going to be for Walter in that 1945 and an NHL shield parallel. Look at that, 1945 for the 1945 NHL shield. eBay one of one. Does that count? I don't know if it does, but there you go. We've got an orange slice die cut for Martin Kout. Kiefer Bellows and Liam Fowdy is our autograph. That's a rookie auto for Columbus. That's going to go to Walter. 281 out of 289, red rainbow auto. And there's another Alex LaFrenier for the Rangers. It's also for Walter. Alex Belzeal. But then I've got a lot of friends in the Pacific Northwest, Chad. If I start holding Kraken spots for you, I got to start holding Kraken spots for all of our Pacific Northwest buyers. Actually, I'm not even sure if we're going to do, well, we might. I was going to say, I'm not even sure if we're going to do Pick Your Teams for series one. That might be something that we sell personal boxes for. Maybe we'll, I don't know. We'll find out. December's a long ways away. Listen, Chad, if you want, we can arrange, we can arrange to maybe buy a case for you and you can have the entire case to yourself and all the Kraken to yourself. No battling with people over spots. There's Dylan Larkin, orange slice die cut. Now, I was wondering if he were to buy a Kraken jersey, who should he get? There's the Black Rainbow, Josh Norris, Jordan Binnington, Patrick Kane, and then we've got a Conor McMichael relic for the caps. That's going to be for Matt. And here's the, oh no, that's double rainbow, it's not. And there's Gabe Velardi, grand entrance autograph. I think one of the up and coming Kings youngsters going to Matt, who's got my Kings. Nice green auto. HP says Giordano, Mike Giordano. Charismatic, Matt says Geeky, or Gord. This is for Oliver's son who's really into that logo and wants a hockey jersey. His favorite is number five. So yeah, maybe Giordano works. All right, next box. There's a lot of hockey action today. Let's go through some scores. Oliver's hockey knowledge is on par with mine. I'm trying though, Oliver. I think every year I try to watch a little bit more and a little bit more. People, long time customers will say that the pronunciation of names have been a, pronunciation of names have been a lot better than when I first started doing this. Sabres beat the Canucks 5-2.  Panthers beat the Lightning 4-1. Devils beat the Kraken 4-2. In a shootout, stars beat the Penguins 2-1. Capitals, looks like a baseball score, 6-3 on the abs, two goals a period there. Red Wings beat the Blues 4-1. Islanders beat the Blackhawks 4-1. Preds beat my Kings 2-1. I was watching that game. The Kings were ahead 1-0, but then they gave up two goals in the third period. Jason and I watched the end of that game. In OT, Wilde 6-5 over the Jets. Everyone had the over on that game. Oilers beat the Ducks 6-5. Yeah, HP says, yeah, HP, you've been around for a bit. It's getting better, right? All right. Oh, sorry. I spoiled it. I'm done with scores. All right, there's Connor McMichael. We've got Red Rainbow. And we've got another old NHL shield. Yeah, I won't repeat it. Sorry about that. I was like looking at the scores and I just saw your comments long after. All right, 39 out of 45, William Carlson. That old 1945 NFL shield. They've got different years too. I thought that was a good idea. Karismag's watching the Kraken game on DVR, so I don't want to spoil it for him. Matthew Kachuk, and we've got Thomas Harley. Dallas. That's going to be Walter and the Stars. Looks like we've got... Covertar started the season off pretty hot. Jason's been telling me, there's Anders Lee. Three-color patch and autograph. That's a pretty thick card. Oh, it's a low number, nine out of 10. Purple Diamond Auto Patch. I like how Upper Deck puts the parallels, the names of the parallels on the back. One of my favorite things that they do. Is this an HP thing? This is a nice one. All right, so there's Austin Matthews orange slice die cut for Toronto. And there's Quinn Hughes. Speaking of the Islanders, over the summer, this was a little while ago, but maybe three, four months ago, but I rewatched that old 30 for 30 on the, I think we talked about this ages ago, but I was rewatching the old 30 for 30 on how the, on how that grifter, that con man, almost or did buy the Islanders and was in control of the Islanders for like a couple of weeks or so, at least. Maybe even longer, but that was a wild story. You guys remember that? I personally don't remember when it actually happened in real time, but yeah, that was a crazy story. I think even non-hockey fans would be entertained by that little documentary. Some dude basically just, the gist of it is he, this dude just pwned his way into like Long Island High Society and you know, one was just like passing bad checks and blah, blah, and listen to that and, but pretty much like faked his way into getting the documents, showing that he had all this money. Every time banks would be like, when are you transferring this money? He would be like, oh, it's coming from a Swiss bank account. And then he'd end up depositing like, you know, $5,000 instead of $50 million or something like that. He's like, oh, my assistant forgot the zero and he would do all sorts of things like that, but somehow got it to a point, it's a wild story, somehow got it to a point where, where he was gonna buy the Islanders and did for and had control of the Islanders for a minute or two. This is at a point when the Islanders were, there's another double rainbow, Jake Evans, were not in good shape. And he had like promised like the franchise, the moon and all this sort of stuff. And the previous owners were willing to sell and, you know, nobody really fact-checked much things. And yeah, it was crazy. It's Austin Matthews Black Rainbow for Toronto. It's gonna go to Troy. Anthony Manta, Orange Slice Die Cut, Alexi LaFrenier, Grand Entrance. Orange Slice Anthony Manta for Matt and Detroit. And another Alexi LaFrenier, Kerry Price, 27 out of 45. Kerry Price for the Canadians, Montreal. That's gonna go to Troy. Another Alexi LaFrenier. It's Quinn Hughes, Red Rainbow, Anthony Manta and Nicholas Bodine. That should be for the Blackhawks. Yeah, it's Chicago, Walter. No, check that, Matt. With Chicago, 251 out of 299, Red Rainbow Auto. Another Connor McDavid, City Selly Insert. I think these look pretty cool. Mark Stone, we've seen some of these autographed. In fact, I think one of the first lure breaks that I did way back when, maybe break one or two, I wanna say, I pulled a City Selly, Connor McDavid autograph, if I'm not mistaken. This was a while ago, but it was pretty nice. Even I know that guy. And I hope that the NHL on ESPN, hopefully that'll help the visibility of hockey even more and that might make collecting hockey a lot better, a lot nicer. TNT's got them too. I think on Wednesday, Boston at Philadelphia on TNT, St. Louis at Vegas on TNT. So there's some like standalone national games, which I think are really cool. Looks like all the games are on ESPN plus, which most of you probably have. There's ESPN Hulu. His NHL network has some games too.  Yeah, I guess it will have some standalone game. Looks like they're doing Vegas at Colorado on Tuesday night, Tuesday 26th. But yeah, so they'll have some on the big network as well. So hopefully a little more exposure for hockey and hopefully that will turn into a little increase in value in hockey products. Even an incremental increase would be nice. And then over time, there may be some bigger increases in secondary market value. All right, final box. There's another Conor McDavid. So maybe names like Conor McDavid will become even bigger names. There's Philippe Kuryshev, 46 out of 99 green quarts for Chicago from Matt. Mark Stone, City Selly, Gabe Velarde. Victor Soderstrom. There's Mark Giordano. And there's Tyler Benson, Oilers Relic for Walter and Edmonton. I don't think I've seen that blue one in a minute or two. There's Alexi Lafreniere. It's an autograph as well. So another rangers, Alexi Lafreniere for Black Rainbow this time, for Walter and the Rangers and a Jersey Auto for Colorado. It's Bowen Byron. And Walter has the abs. That's 31 out of 75 blue line auto jersey. Nice. That looks pretty sharp. All right, how are we closing this out? You got co-petar. Looking pretty good so far this season. And that is that, my friends. There you go, 2020, 2021 Upper Deck Lure Hockey in the books. That was five box, half case, random team break number nine. One spot, it gets you two. Second half of this inner case in the store on JaspysCaseRakes.com. I'm Joe and I'll hockey with you some more next time. Bye-bye.


So we're moving on to some more wonderful speakers and special guests. It's my great honor and pleasure to now introduce two-time Academy Award-winning actor and producer, Mr. Michael Douglas, who also is a great humanitarian and serves as a UN messenger of peace. Good morning again, Professor Sacks and my fellow partners. As a United Nations messenger of peace, I often reflect on how the UN is a unique home address for the entire human family, a place where we means everyone, as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights says, without distinction of any kind. Is a place founded on a moral vision of a world of equality, free from fear, want and war. And I remind us that we share this home all together. This year, through the collective wisdom of the world's nations, the UN General Assembly, guided by the leadership of Bahrain, adopted Resolution 73329, Promoting the Culture of Peace with Love and Conscience, which establishes the International Day of Conscience. Now it is surprising in a time of so much cynicism, dysfunctional adversity and discord for a political instrument to so strongly articulate our highest values, peace, love and conscience.  The UN Charter calls us to quote, to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war. And today humanity is engaged in a war, but it is not between any nations or peoples. It is a war against all nations and all peoples. It is a war which cannot be won by all the world's armies, despite the nearly two trillion dollars spent on their weapons last year, nor by the over 14,000 nuclear bombs through which nine states pursue security daily and a persistent, irrational, hazardous threat of use.  And we may be socially distant, but we're all feeling a common sense of vulnerability. Anyone tuned to the voice of conscience can recognize that what binds us together far exceeds any issues that should lead us to violence. Conscience reminds us that no woman, nor man, nor nation is an island. We must now call upon government leaders to bring global conscience into action to address the present threat to human security. The world's most powerful nations must put aside their differences and convene and utilize the power of the UN Security Council to bring reality to the recent General Assembly resolution calling for, quote, intensified international cooperation to contain, mitigate, and defeat the COVID-19 disease. The resolution creating the special day makes specific reference to the universe of declaration of human rights. Article one states, quote, All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights, and they are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in the spirit of brotherhood. The resolution calls us to go beyond the spirit of brotherhood into the act of expression of love. The declaration calls us to advance it through teaching and education, and I suggest supporting the Civil Society Initiative being championed by the Global Security Institute to obtain a General Assembly resolution encouraging every ministry of education to ensure to the best of their ability that every secondary school child be given either physically or electronically a copy of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights or impossible classroom enforcement of its contents. I also wish to bring a specific matter of conscience before us. On October 18th, 2018, the UN Humanitarian Rights Commission affirmed that the threat of use of nuclear weapons is incompatible with respect for the rights of life, and they amount to a crime against humanity end of quote. And further that states must also pursue in good faith negotiations in order to achieve that aim of nuclear disarmament under strict and effective international controls. Taking away the adversity inherent in the human rights, violating threat of nuclear annihilation, educating the next generation of the importance of the rights and dignity of every precious life will be a step to advancing a culture of peace and an expression of love. Thank you.


Good morning. Good morning. Oh, see, I'm the scholar to Siem's, and it's not Marco Hatch. Good morning, friends and relatives. My name is Marco Hatch. As mentioned, I'm a faculty at Western Washington University and a member of the Samish Indian Nation. And I want to begin with this picture to show you a little bit about where I'm from as we sit in this windowless room, a little image of the Sailor Shee, and we'll hear more about that from some later talks. This is taken on the west side of San Juan Island. On a day we were doing some science and culture camps with some Lummi youth. My talk today is about the integration of traditional ecological knowledge with big data and recruitment and retention of indigenous students. And I'll be talking about three NSF programs that have supported this work, both an NSF Includes project, a NSF Geo Gold, which is kind of similar to an Includes, but is funded by the Geo Science Division, and also a project called PAGE, which is a partnership in Geo Sciences between the NSF Geo Science Division and the T-CUP program, Tribal College and University's program. And I'll acknowledge those funding sources as we move through, but just be aware that there's many different sections of NSF that have supported this work over the years. Our NSF project was called, our pilot project was called the NSF Includes project. And to try to describe our project in one slide, you could think of, in the Coastal Almanac project we were focused on three types of communities. Ethnographic communities, primarily indigenous communities, fishing communities, and geographic communities, small coastal communities. And the idea is that people have observed change over time, but we in the broader kind of mainstream science have often lacked those observations. There are changes happening that we're not seeing, but people that have lived in that area for multiple generations are observing those changes. And they have a better pulse on the environment than we do in the Geo Science field. One example I give of that is, I study clams, my doctorate's in clams. I study clams for years and years and years. And if I wanted to go do a clam project, and I went out and I started measuring the density of clams on a beach next to a reserve or next to an indigenous population, and I go out and measure density on clams, I walk out the beach, I throw my quad out around, I measure density. Then I take those data and I use it for management decisions. If I use it for, well, I went out and I didn't measure any clams, so we're going to close down harvest. That would cause some ill will with that group, right? I went out and measured a bunch of things, and I didn't do it in the right spot, because I didn't ask them where the clams are. I just went out and randomly, because I had to fit to my science, I randomly selected points on the beach, and I might have missed those really dense patches of clams. When you go out and you stand on a mud flat and you look out, it kind of all looks the same, right? You stand out, you're like, it's a beach, right? It's like all the same, but if you know that beach really well, if you dug clams on that beach for your entire life, if your parents dug clams on that beach, for your grandparents, for time immemorial, if your people have been digging clams on that beach, you know that it all looks the same, but it's not, right? That there's nuance out there. There's little pockets that have high densities of clams, and if your experience with science is people going out and asking the wrong question in the wrong spot, you might not have a lot of faith in that system, right? Whereas what I would do and have done is if there's a project the community wants me to work on, the first thing I do is go in and have coffee and say, who's your best clam digger? I go to that person, have coffee, and hire him for a couple of days, then we go out and talk about clams on the beach, and in that one day, you'll get more information than you can from years and years and years of throwing quadrats in the wrong spot, right? And so that was kind of the basis of this close almanac, is that if your experience with science has been people asking the wrong question in the wrong spot and then shutting down your harvest, you might not have a very high opinion of it. So can we work with local communities, with a community advisor, somebody that goes between a liaison between our subject advisors, geoscientists, environmental scientists, and the community, this person that lays on's back and forth, brings up community-based questions, works with kind of a select few scientists that are well-behaved, and starts to look at some of these changes people have seen, and then work with communities to record and understand those observations. And so most of our pilot projects were spent on how you would do that. What's the framework required for that sort of project? And going around to a bunch of different COSES communities was really interesting because we started to see, just in the pilot phase, we started to see some patterns that in particular there was a few traditional plants, a few medicines that every community we talked to had said, oh, we've seen a decline in that plant. They're not talking to one another, right? They're not sharing that observation, and then through these conversations we start to see there's a regional decrease in this plant that's really quite important, but in the mainstream it's not a plant that people are out looking at. It's not a western red cedar that people can see as this big iconic tree. But the indigenous, the COSES people are seeing this decline, and it's not being seen anywhere else. It's not being acknowledged or recorded anywhere else. And so the idea is to have a number of communities and then have a network of those communities to look at regional scale changes. So I'll share a little bit about the framework of this project and how talking to a bunch of different folks, how we've decided or think that these projects could be structured. And the quote Thomas King, the truth about stories is that's all that we are. So I'd like to begin with a story that I think exemplifies some of our goals and some of our approaches. Long ago, if a family needed a new canoe, they would meet with their community carver and talk about what's this canoe for? Is it an ocean going canoe? Is it a river canoe? Is it for fishing? Is it for long trips or short trips? What is the purpose of this canoe? They'd have a conversation back and forth and then when they decided on what sort of canoe was needed, the carver would go out in the woods and go out and look for the perfect red cedar, the perfect cedar tree for this canoe. And once that tree was found, it wasn't simply cut down. There's a conversation with the tree, the carver would tell the tree what a great family was that needed a canoe, what the canoe would be used for, how it would be honored as a canoe. And these conversations may take days or weeks. And if the tree agreed, it would be cut down and then have a new life as a canoe. But now we no longer have those large cedar trees. And so now when we make a canoe, we often need to use two trees. And the process is still the same. We still go out and pray to the tree and respect the tree, but now it takes two trees to make one canoe. And these two trees have to meld together. They have to maintain their individual identities as separate trees, but they have to form a relationship. They have to form a bond. If one tree thinks it's better than the other tree, if one tree disparages the other tree, it'll cause cracks in the canoe. And those cracks will lead that canoe to fall apart and break and the people inside might drown. And so it's really important that these trees do two things, maintain their identity, but at least form some understanding, form some bond, respect one another. And you can think of these two trees as traditional ecological knowledge and Western science, that they have separate identities. And you can think of the canoe as our environment and us as the inhabitants of that environment. And so if you want to promote and protect our environment to the best possible way, we need to incorporate all forms of knowing. And we need to respect all forms of knowing. And so the question becomes, how can we bring these two trees together? So obviously not a picture of trees, it's a picture of the Grand Canyon, but nonetheless there's a large divide between these two areas. And how can we bring them together? How can we bridge this divide? How can we have respect for community knowledge and science at the same time? And Boundary Spanner is one way of doing that. And I want to acknowledge that the Boundary Spanner term has been used at the organizational level by some good work by Safford et al. 2007. And in this paper they looked at Boundary Spanners, again as organizations, you can think about land grant institutions and their cooperative extension programs, C grant that has a vision for thriving coastal ecosystems and communities that are supported by an engaged public and informed decision makers. That organizations can have this mission and vision to bridge communities and science. But when we, through this project, when we started looking at all of the different projects that we really love, when we go out and look at these, like this Clamgard Restoration Project, we look at these projects where you're like, that's a good project, right? Like that project is what we want. That's like the apex of science engagement, community engagement, youth engagement. You think, what did that? Did an organization do that? Or did an individual do that? And so we tend to think about, and I'll talk about Boundary Spanners on the individual level. And James, I really liked your Boundary Warriors. I gotta kick out, I appreciate that. And so we've heard of Boundary Spanners yesterday. So we'll expand upon that a little bit today. I do like the idea of a Boundary Warrior. And so in our project, we've looked at Boundary Spanners both as an individual or a small team of individuals. And one of the communities we work in, the Swinomish community, the Boundary Spanners are a team. Larry Campbell is a Swinomish elder, and Jamie Donowatu, who's non-native, but we've been working for Swinomish for 20 plus years as a PhD, and she talks to the science side. Larry talks to the community side, and together they are able to translate science and community speak, community concerns, and scientific questions back and forth. Boundary Spanners can be a community member. One of the Boundary Spanners we work with is a Stimulus woman who's pursuing a PhD in marine ecology. And they really act as this fulcrum of partnership that everything's moving back and forth through this individual. So it can be a very taxing position, but it's very important. And we believe one of the foundations to these good partnership projects. As I'm a bit sciency, I have to graph this. Here with our x-axis, the axis of science. The axis of science goes from discovery to solutions, from discovery of a new factoid that might not matter in people's daily lives to a real world solution. My drinking water's not safe to drink, right? So we can think of the axis of science along this spectrum. And then the axis of the individual. What's driving your daily motivations? What's your primary concern throughout the day? I probably should have flipped this because it presents a hierarchy, which I apologize for. But curiosity or wonder is at one end of the spectrum and worry our concerns at the other one. Curiosity about some little factoid of science or worry your concern again about a very real concern in your daily life. Loss of a species that's impacting your inherent right to go out and harvest and collect. Contaminate drinking water, air pollution, things like that. Established geoscience tends to hang out in the upper left corner here. Going from questions about interesting factoids to creating these interesting factoids. Creations of new facts, right? Underrepresented, underserved, and disenfranchised communities tend to be in the other corner where the concerns are very real. Sam and I didn't return this year. We're losing our important medicines. Our water's not safe to drink. They tend to be in separate spaces. And so how can we start to bridge that gap? And that's often where a boundary spanner comes in is can, in the geoscience realm, to get funding, you often have to have some new kind of sexy hypothesis, right? Which isn't necessarily what the community's concerned about, but is there a way that we can bridge that? Is there a way we can bring resources in from established geoscience that are addressing real world concerns and also work with communities to open up new discovery spaces? There's lots we don't know. And without using all forms of information, we're not doing the best science possible. So the boundary spanner is really important in kind of bridging that gap. And I think many people in this room are boundary spanners and I hope that the idea of boundary spanner resonates. I'm gonna ask you to take a few minutes and just think about the people you know that exemplify this idea of a boundary spanner. And then what qualities do you think they exhibit? When you think of your list of boundary spanners, what are one or two words you would use to describe them? I ask you to take a couple of minutes or two to think about that and then talk about it with your neighbor and then we'll share out a little bit.  And if you had to describe them in two words, what two words would you use? Okay. Okay, oh this bring y'all back now I won't ask you to name names but if somebody want to call out a quality and I'll repeat it for the for the webcast here that they think identifies yes sir Frans later yeah that's a big one yeah attention to detail very interpreter yep listener passionate compassionate okay thank you compassionate tenacious or stubborn about getting with our community needs a real advocate yeah with the strong code of ethics yeah yes non-judgmental insistency open overthinking wow good communicator okay one more yes that's a great one and actually don't have it on my list thick-skinned thick-skinned you get corrected by an elder you just gotta take it right and sometimes you like come out you're like man I gotta open it you know and then a little bit later you reflect on it and you're like okay it was with good intention but you get corrected and you guys show back up at that table if you don't show back up at that table well obviously you're done but it's sometimes it's a test right to come back to that table so that's a that's an excellent one thank you to help get this idea we the Coastal Almanac made a list of our six or eight favorite boundary spanners people that were really respected in the Kosia's community and we brought them together and asked a number of questions about their position as boundary spanners how can we uplift and support them because frequently this bounder span boundary spanner function isn't fully acknowledged one of our boundary spanners was told by their boss that well anybody can do this project that you replaceable you know yeah exactly what like no this is a really specialized very important person that when you pull them out of this project your years of work is going to come crumbling down now there's other people that could come fill in that role but not just anybody that these are really important functions and so through our conversations we came up with a number of characteristics ability to listen a reflector or a mirror and so when you're in a community meeting folks are talking don't jump in and interject let the conversation be under and go and eventually they'll wind up where it should and then at the end reflect back say this is what I heard write it down have them read it and approve it make sure that you're reflecting back on what you heard so you don't misunderstand it many of our bound boundary spanners are reluctant gatekeepers meaning that they didn't feel it was their position to function as a gatekeeper that it wasn't their role within within the community to do that but if they thought you're going to cause harm they would they would be a gatekeeper they understand the community protocol and another key function is they have credit or credibility in both the communities and in stem and so they could walk in with a bunch of scientists and say flash their their badge and have their credibility and then the same within community as well that they have to have credibility in both those spaces they often feel that their roles in educator a translator which we heard translating science speak to community language and and vice versa to facilitate to advocate for direct funding and so one of the things that boundary spanners reported is they get a well-meaning scientist knocking on their door hey I want to do this project I want to extract knowledge from your elders but I don't have any money kind of a non-starter for a number of reasons but really protecting the community from inequitable projects and so really creating to me and a grant proposal the most important thing is your budget and your budget justification so really starting these partnerships well before anything's written before things are allocated then we asked these boundary spanners one we asked about bad partnerships and a whole list of that but I want to focus on the question of the boundary spanners if you could envision your ideal partnership what would that look like and they talked about long-term commitment that from their perspective don't show up at their door with the grant due in two days and you want a letter of support that come in talk get to know one another start to build those relationships and then down the road if something makes sense then we can work on that together well in advance of the deadline but these relationships take a very long time and they wanted people are willing to experiment and do things differently instead of question status quo and I know in the work that I do they're basically every rule that our accounting office has I have to break you can't buy gifts on a grant turns out you can you have to call it a physical honorarium oh there's NSF people here physical honorarium are apparently allowed gifts or not when I've got somebody coming in and I want to wrap them I gotta figure out how to get a blanket have to figure out how to put cash in people's hands like there are things that are difficult provide honorarium on on site not three months later hire community members to cook it's there's all these things that we have to break your first responses always know we can't do that and you have to figure out well how like that's not that knows not the answer I want or that I'll accept and also you have to be willing to put your ego in the back seat that your questions might not be the most important questions and so you have to be willing to do an experiment in a different space than you normally would which is in my vision the point they often mention that having folks that do a lot of the institutional paperwork and reporting things is beneficial and I underlined the last one so I want to talk about that a bit more is determine in the beginning what is needed for all participants to fill valued and honored and I think that's where coming from agency or academia we often maybe don't understand what that would look like at the community level and so one idea we've been working on is the virtuous exchange and the idea of the virtuous exchange is that currencies are different in different spaces in the academic world we kind of hopefully have a clear understanding of our currencies teaching service and research and that if I'm engaged in community projects I can talk about that my service I can have papers that generate from that for my research I could bring folks I'm working with and I could bring the experiences into my classroom to enrich my teaching experiences so that the currencies are pretty clear from the academic side but the community currencies are often totally different and we can't assume what they are we have to know our community and ask what you know what is of value to you and what would be of value to you out of this project so I'm gonna do another quick discussion with your neighbor based on the communities you work with what would be considered a community currency what are folks seeking out of this relationship both tangible and intangible benefits okay we'll bring it back here I know this one's a bit stickier which is why I asked it any did anybody come up with a currency that from the communities that they're working with validity and acknowledgement yeah that's what I hear a lot too is you know you're here from some fancy university how are you going to help in K-12 programs pride internships for students pride pathways for sure yeah yeah not to repeat that for the microphone so respect and cherish and honor what is shared yeah yeah okay good community integrity for the community and then one from the side move on yeah yeah so so he said land access for public buy-in which is for sure for sure true so this work was supported by a geogold project just want to quickly acknowledge that and we're gonna pivot a bit to working with students in our last few minutes together so my lab the coastal communities and ecology lab we really focus on on three things a student success science that matters and partnership and outreach and in those three components are really key to one another that a lot of the partnership and outreach we do is really facilitated by having a bunch of students from diverse backgrounds having a friend of indigenous students in our lab those students are engaged by the work that we do because it's work that matters it's work that's in concert with communities and so through the use of place-based research and and particularly place-based research with some intention I've been able to recruit and retain a fair number of undergrads and graduates to my lab and one thing we do is celebrate so the picture in the upper left actually didn't realize it's her birthday today but a sunny tad lock and then when students win awards when they go to a conference and present a poster they get a scholarship we often celebrate with pie it's a relatively simple thing but food brings people together and uplifting and acknowledging those times is really really important do a fair amount in the work field and we do a fair amount of outreach with with various youth groups and the upper rights from Northwest Indian College we've helped graduate a fair number of students I've had a fair number of students go on and do well at conferences and when you look at the awards that they've won and the science that we do really we count things there's nothing high-tech in my lab we count baby clams grains of sand big clams little clams things like that critters on the beach we count things it's not that hard but when the students go out and present they're so passionate about the projects they're so passionate about the intent of the work in the way that it's done that it's infectious and so when folks come around they just fall in love with the students and their projects and it's really that passion that's that's driving that that the science is not the most high-intensity science but it's important work and they carry that with them which I think is is great and then we have another project which is a page project which is a partnership between Geosciences and the TECA program tribal colleges and universities program the intention of this project is to help facilitate more native students getting a graduate degree so this is a four plus two model students that graduate from Northwest Indian College with a bachelor's of native environmental science are eligible for a fully funded master's degree fellowship at Western Washington University so as part of this project we're helping students to get graduate school ready at Northwest Indian College they've increased their course offerings to meet the pre-rex of most graduate schools increasing the quantitative content doing GRE support paying for the GRE tests helping students apply for graduate programs at Western and Northwest Indian College we're trying to create more shared opportunities to get students together with faculty to get to know one another and we're trying to create a more inclusive and supportive environment at Western Washington University and so it's really getting kind of over that hump of having right now we've got two students from Northwest Indian College in the master's program but starting to create a community we're a predominantly white institution and one of the least diverse disciplines at that institution and so having more students of color in my lab having more indigenous students at the undergrad and graduate level has been really key to this success of this project as well as having the master's students go back and mentor Northwest Indian College undergrads for their summer research this is in a year four of a five-year project and we've learned a fair amount I'm gonna end with a quick story this this story was shared with me and I share it with you with permission from Sky Augustine a stimulus woman I've worked with closely for a number of years and like many great stories it starts in the kitchen but there are two groups of people that traditionally didn't get long they've had differences over the years and they decide let's get together in the kitchen and make something food unites us food brings us together to make something we can share a meal should we grow something cook it on the oven or in the stove they decide let's bake something let's bake something and let's go home to our home communities and bring some ingredients that really mean something to us and bring them back the next day and we'll bake something together great so the first group goes back to their home community they're all excited that we're gonna do this great partnership project it's gonna start us off in a good way and a new way and they talk with our community and they collect a whole bunch of ingredients that really mean something to them and they come back the next day and the next day the second group of people walk in with all of these cookies just beautiful symmetrical cookies they all look delicious they're just the piles and piles of these amazing looking cookies and they say hey we brought cookies can you decorate them for us and the other group says well we wanted to make bread with that hush good thank you


Hello everyone, this is Vishwana Chawad from the Computer Science and Engineering Department, Walton Institute of Technology, Solapur. At the end of this session, the students will be able to explain the working of arithmetic and logical instructions of Micro Professor 8086. So we will focus on two main types of instruction, arithmetic and logical. In case of arithmetic instruction, we are having addition instruction, subtraction, multiplication, division. And in case of logical instruction and logical or XOR, not energy compare. So first we will see addition, syntax is add destination comma source and ADC, ADC destination comma source. So here the content of source and destinations are added and the results will be stored in destination. But in case of second, here it will add content of source and destination, including carry and result will be stored in destination. So after execution of this instruction, these are the flags which are going to affect auxiliary carry, carry flag, overflow, sign, Z flag. These are the examples add AX comma 74. It add immediate number 74 to content of AL, result in AL, ADC CL comma BL. It add content of BL plus carry status to content of CL. So these are the few more examples add DX comma BX, it will add BX to content of DX, add DX comma SI, add a word from memory at offset SI in DS to content of DX, ADC AL comma price into bracket BX. So it will add a byte effective address price into bracket BX plus carry status to content of AL. Now second type of arithmetic, subtraction, subtract destination comma source, SBB destination comma source. So here the flags A, C, O, P, S and F, Z are going to affect. So example subtract CX comma BX. So here BX is subtracted from CX and the result is stored in CX, SBB CH comma AL, so it subtract the content of AL and content of CF from content of CH and result in CH. Subtract AX comma 3427H, it subtract immediate number 3427H from AX. These are the other examples SBB BX comma 3427, SUB price BX comma 04, SBB CX comma table into bracket BX, SBB table into bracket BX comma CX. Now we will see third type of arithmetic MUL, syntax is MUL source. So example MUL BH, it multiply AL with BH and result will be stored in AX. Second example MUL CX, it multiply AX with CX and result high word in DX and low word in AX. MUL byte pointer, it multiply AL with byte in DS pointed to by BX. MUL factor into bracket BX, it multiply AL with byte at effective address factor BX. If it is declared as a byte type with DB, multiply AX with word at effective address factor to bracket BX. If it is declared as type word in as DW. I MUL source, example I MUL BH, it multiply signed byte in AL with signed byte in BH. So difference between MUL and I MUL is in case of I MUL, signed numbers are used to find the product. Second example I MUL AX, multiply AX times AX and result in DX and AX. Fourth division, DIV source. So it divide BL, divide a word in AX by byte in BL and quotient in AL, reminder in AH. DIV CX divide downward in DX and AX by word in CX, quotient in AX and reminder in DX. I DIV source, example DIV BL, signed word in AX divided by signed byte in BL. I DIV BP, signed double word in DX and AX divided by signed word in BP. INC increment destination, example INC BL, it add one to contents of BL register. INC CX, it add one to content of CX register. Third example INC byte pointer into bracket BX, it increment byte in a data segment at offset contained in BX. INC word pointer into bracket BX, it increment word at offset of BX and BX plus one in the data segment. Decrement, syntax is decrement destination. It subtract one from content of CL register. Dec BP, it subtract one from content of BP register. Dec byte pointer into bracket BX, it subtract one from byte at offset BX in DS. So think about this question and write down the answer. The question is what are the different types of arithmetic instructions? Pause the video and write the answer. I hope you answered. So the different types of arithmetic instructions are addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Now we will move to second type of instruction which is logical. First one, logical and. The syntax is and destination comma source, example and CX comma SI. So it will perform logical and word in DS at offset SI with word in CX register and the result is stored in CX and these are the other examples. Second type or or destination comma source, example or AH comma CL, CL content is or with AH and result in AH CL will not be changed. Second example or BP comma SI, so SI or with BP. Then BP and SI will not change, third type or SI comma BP, BP is or with SI and result in SI BP will not change or BL comma ATH, BL is or with immediate number ATH and set MSB of BL to one or CX comma table into bracket SI, CX is or with word from effective address table of SI, content of memory is not changed, XOR, XOR destination comma source, example XOR CL comma BH. So byte in BH is exclusive or with byte in CL, result in CL and BH not changed, XOR BP comma DI, word in DI exclusive or with a word in BP and result in BP, DI not changed, XOR word pointer into bracket BX, 00FFH, exclusive or immediate number 00FF with word at offset BX in data segment, result in memory location BX. Next not, syntax is not destination, not BX, complement content of BX register, not byte pointer into bracket BX, complement memory byte at offset BX in data segment. Next one, NEG destination, example NEG AL, it replace number in AL with twos complement, negation, negate BX replace number in BX with twos complement, NEG byte pointer into bracket BX, replaces byte at offset BX in DX with twos complement and this is another example. Compare destination comma source, so this instruction compares two values and the respective flags will be set, example compare AL comma 01, it compare immediate number 01 with byte in AL, so if depends on the content it sets either C flag or Z flag or S flag, so depending on flag status further action will be taken, so these are the few more other examples, so these are my references, thank you.