The following is a presentation of TFNN Trade what you see With Larry Pezzavento Call now toll-free at 1-877-927-6648 or internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER> now Larry Pezzavento Okay, looking good Billy Ray feeling good Lewis. I want to mention something here folks I've posted this chart here of these here's my my voice. I've I've got some type of an allergy here I I don't know it's even worse than what I'm in In Tucson, I've never had any allergies up until the last couple of years So I don't know if it's a function of old age or what but When I start to talk it Believe me, I'm not in any pain It's just that my voice is raspy and I had this trouble when Frank and Dean and I used to sing over in Las Vegas But that was when a different lifetime and I was dreaming about that Anyway, let's talk a little bit about these markets that we have going on here I posted that chart of the Dow Jones industrial yesterday About where the market was supposed to be now last night right after the markets reopened at three o'clock I saw the market totally collapse and so I got interested in trying to pick a bottom now folks I don't get frustrated trading too often, but yesterday. I frankly did I I did probably more Interday trading between three o'clock in the afternoon was six o'clock to to nine o'clock a New York time that I ever do and I was trying to fish for a bottom in the Nasdaq because it it made the pattern almost exactly down there right below 4900 But and I was able to do it, but I made several mistakes I don't know if and I I'm gonna tell you this because you know you make mistakes and I make mistakes And what we have to do is we've got to recognize these because it's important because if you don't you're gonna remake those same mistakes so I'm good at it into a really nice position in The Nasdaq the market moved about 40 handles in my favor, which is $800. Okay, so I put my stop at break even Okay, I went to get a glass of water when I came back. I was out again break even Market went a little bit lower. I tried it again bought it again the second time had about 40 handles in that well Not quite 40 about 30 handles in that one and by the time I blinked my eye It was back bound to the lows again. Anyway, I tried it five times in a row and I had I think I had four Break evens and a small winner out of those five trades So I decided well, I better rest up and wait and see what's gonna happen here later in the evening So at around 10 o'clock I went back and to start look at the markets again it took a little bit of a break and When I saw a nice pattern show up by again, I bought the Nasdaq again I don't usually trade the Nasdaq because it was trading so beautifully. I said well, let's just give it a try Anyway, what happened was I ended up breaking even on that one after seven trades I had virtually nothing to show for it of what I was looking at now The easy trade was what we were talking about yesterday is to sell the gold if it rallies up to you know The 382 retracement at 1932. It's now trading at 1916 folks, I mean we're way below 200 1800 $1900 an ounce in spot gold remember that's August So we're we're hitting lower. It looks like we've got another hundred dollars to go looking at that long-term weekly So I'm telling you about the heirs because some people have asked me what do I do about heirs? I shake them off, you know, I don't know which ones are gonna work and which ones aren't So all I do is I just keep trading. Yeah, sure. I trade a lot sometimes, but you know what it all comes out You know, I'm gonna be right X number of times I'm gonna make X number of dollars more than I lose and that's all I really care I'm not I'm not a rocket scientist trying to you know, guess these guys on Wall Street with the algorithms and stuff I know how those algorithms work because they're based on these numbers that we use here at TFNN If you don't believe it, you see where these markets turned from last night in the NASDAQ with that big rally it rallied Almost it did it rallied 110 points. It went from 18 so let me see 48 48 80 all the way up to 1 15 13 1 15 13 was a 382 retracement of the previous days high and Then down ago, of course, I didn't have data when that was going on and figured it out afterwards But that's that's what it happened then it broken made new lows folks when the markets acting like this one is in the stock market I'm gonna some of them are up some of them are down but by guys what you're looking for here Is you're looking for patterns and I don't care whether it's a 15-minute chart an hourly chart or whatever Then you can do whatever you like. I like trading 15 30 minutes I look at four hour charts because it gives me six weeks of data to look at and I'm trying to find nice patterns And we find some nice ones do we take losses? Absolutely, but by golly sometimes we take some really nice ones And that's what's really important and it's just not how much money you make folks.  I still give some away, but that's okay I'm willing to do that, but I focus on what I really need to do and let's take care of business and Make sure I never get into a sister situation where I've got to risk, you know Lots and lots of money because I you know stupid and didn't get out of a position or added to losers I did all that back in 1974. I learned my lesson since that time and you know I you know this dumbest thing you can do in all this business you could trade without a stop Yeah, that's okay.   I mean, that's just not working boys and girls So what you got to do is you've got to just focus on what you'd need to do and get it done and keep it as simple as possible If I had to do something that was really complex, I'd really be in dire straits I probably could do it, but I certainly wouldn't have any fun what I do now. I have fun doing this I was with my daughter and you know, she was she likes to trade too and She was saying you know dad Why don't people do this more often and I and I told her I said they don't want to do the work They don't want the most the mental and the physical work that's necessary, you know to get the job done That that's really what it's all about And she's yeah, she's like and I can certainly understand that and that is the reason because people just don't you know Look at the markets every day and try to understand what they're doing And you know and that here again you go back to the case that you know, you you're not going to make money all the time Okay, the reason why I'm talking so much is because I can't post any charts I had some beautiful charts that I was going to show yesterday afternoon I went and looked at all of the The mega stocks and they're right there are major bottoms here folks if these things start failing from here There's trouble in River City. I mean big-time trouble because you know the news is Yeah, of course, everybody's bullish or supposed to be our but you know This means that there's something different going on that then then someone might think because if these markets don't hold right in here And they went way below where they should have to start off with with yesterday's action on the downside And then again Reversing today, of course, they bounce up a little bit. These are just dead cat bounces now We're looking at a situation where we got some barriers and staring is right in the face if this thing doesn't hold up here And I think it's important. You better pay attention to that it'd be good for your mental and Financial health, so we're gonna take a break here Road started his trading career as a student almost 20 years ago and the student has now become the master Steve won the prestigious Timer of the Year award in 2018 and barely missed that mark again in 2019 Finishing at number two for the year an amazing accomplishment Steve Rhodes is committed to sharing his techniques and knowledge with anyone who wants to learn and he shares his vast amount of trading knowledge Every day in his mastering probability newsletter Steve's award-winning newsletter Mastering probability is delivered every trading day with updates throughout the afternoon sign up for Steve's market newsletter mastering probability and you'll receive access to seven of Steve's educational webinars Absolutely free at TFNN. All our newsletters come with a 30-day money-back guarantee So you have absolutely nothing to worry about visit TFNN.com and try mastering probability 30 days risk-free today TFNN educating investors Are you ready to take your trading to the next level? Introducing Tom O'Brien's award-winning newsletter market insights your key to successful active trading Tom O'Brien renowned for his expertise in the financial markets has designed market insights to Be your daily guide to profitable trades Tom publishes his daily market insights newsletter every market day before the market open along with updates when warranted Stay ahead of the game with Tom's real-time analysis and trade recommendations delivered straight to your inbox whether you're a season trader or just starting out Market insights provides the edge you need to navigate the markets with confidence ready to join the ranks of successful traders head over to TFNN.com and subscribe to market insights today Don't miss out on this opportunity to supercharge your trading results market insights comes with a 30-day money-back guarantee for all new subscribers So you have nothing to risk don't miss out on this opportunity to revolutionize your trading game head over to TFNN.com Right now to join the thousands of traders who have already experienced the power of Tom O'Brien's award-winning newsletter market insights firsthand TFNN educating investors TFNN has just launched their new trading room the Tigers Zen hosted at discord TFNN has been educating traders for more than 20 years with live programming hosted by a variety of professional traders during market hours And now they are expanding their reach with the Tigers Den available to all Tigers and Tigris's for just one dollar for the year There's no catch or added costs when you join our community of traders in the Tigers Den You can look over the shoulders of Tom O'Brien and the other TFNN hosts while they analyze charts during their live Tiger TV programs and join an interactive trading community with hundreds of members exchanging ideas Interact with other Tigers and Tigris's as they share trading ideas news analysis and discuss the market action all trading day Even at night and on the weekends the Tigers Den at discord is accessible on mobile or tablets as well So it's always at your reach to sign up today and become a part of this educational community of traders Just visit the front page of TFNN comm Toll-free at 1-877-927-6648 internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER> Okay, we're back folks and we have a caller today Jeff from Philadelphia is on the line Jeff. What can I do for you?  You completely improved my trading with the patterns in your trade what you see book and all the information that you provide on your show and And the support that that you provide have completely Redefine the way that I trade and I'm so much better now.  I don't tell the people tell the people about how I walk on water and stuff like that Do I think they'd like to know that I have a hard time accepting compliments happens to the father issue from 80 some years ago. Please continue. Let's go ahead Okay. All right, so on the three to I Understand You know the principles of trading the three to is they get a ABC that terminates around the three eight two or so and you have You know if the price turns around and heads down it really didn't make much progress it shows weakness You also have the pressure from an ebcd terminating that provides pressure. So you figure that the Target is going to be down below the x-point or you know, the bottom of the swing So that makes sense to me and then you want to give a little bit of room over to three eight two So I can see putting the stop at the 50% level But I see you 50% Should what stops it should be right above the 50% level and that'll depend on how wild the market is because maybe that Maybe that distance is too much for your risk Then you have to you know use your own judgment on how much you have to risk and in other words a distance between the 50% and the 3a2 might be $1,200. Well, you can't you know, I would never use it well Ordinarily would never use a $1,200 stop. So this is what I want to argue with you Okay, is that the way I've been trade the way I see it is that once price hits the 50% Or over I should say like once it Is over 50% I think Like before you were trading the 3a2 pattern right before you were talking about that if I said I got a ABCd into the 50% fib level Where do you think the target would be I would expect you to say the 618 of The distance back to the bottom of the pattern right the 618 of the AB This is correct. Yes range, right? So That but then I see you putting the stop over the 50% level. Well the target for the 3a2 pattern is You know the minus 272 percent well below the X point So I think The way I've been trading the 3a2 is once price hits that 50 I'm like maybe two ticks at most over the 50 because once it gets past that it's like, okay Well, now the target should be 0.618 of the AD range Not the minus 272 all the way down because you're not really showing weakness anymore. You hit the 50% That's not uncommon the 3a2 to hit that and turn around and go down You know, maybe that's more uncommon Or to say, you know, that shows weakness But by the time you hit the over the 50 you're not really showing weakness Anymore, so I think like I put my stocks much closer to the 50 than I see See you doing sometimes That's what two reasons for that is I don't watch the machine very often And the second thing those risk parameters are within the context of how much I'm willing to risk It's always under a thousand dollars. So that's certainly acceptable what I'm gonna do Jeff I'm gonna make a video for you. I have your email address and I'm gonna make a video showing you the three that were most important 3a2s that we had today. I mean, they're they're very wild and very crazy But they were just absolutely perfect spot-on and I just wanted to I'll share those with you and I'll drop that to you The one thing that you've got to realize now when you're doing a 3a2 There are two things that you really need to do and that is look at a strong trending market Because that's that's where the ballgame is you want to trade those that are in strong trending markets And so that's why the 3a2 is so very important because you know at that point You do not have to risk very much. In fact, if it goes much beyond the 3a2 by more than three or four hundred dollars I just you know, I mean I'm lost. I just get out of it and you know say well that one didn't work But they're gonna work better than six out of ten. I'm watching them every day. They had three monsters today Unfortunately, I didn't have data to see one of them at the other too. I was able to get but that was that's the name of the game anyway Well, let me check on something. I'm assuming I didn't I should say I'm assuming that when you trade the 3a2 that you're putting your Target or you want to hold on to that position until it gets down to the minus a two seven two or so What is that? I don't know what you mean by minus two seven two. What do you mean by that? Oh I mean So if it bounces off If it makes a swing low and goes up to a 3a2 retracement, but that would be like a positive percentage up 38.2% But if it bounces off the 3a2 or so and starts hitting south again And then it goes below the previous swing low and keeps going the next, you know fib level would be About two seven two right you could call it one point two seven two or minus? Oh, you mean the expansion of one point two seven? Yes, that that could certainly be it. Yes that that's in fact what happened today in the Nasdaq and In the crude oil so it was and also in soybeans, too There were three of them that were were moving in that direction. So yeah, that's correct So so during the initial retrace it goes up past, you know gets a three two and continues up past 50% if it gets much past 50% No, then you're talking about two different things it's 3a2 you got a tree to like a 3a2 so don't worry about 618 You know everything's based on a yeah, okay Yeah, that's my point. Exactly. It's like once it gets over to 50. Well, it's no longer a 3a2 trade now You're in a regular partly type pattern So I'm arguing that I think the stop should be very very close to the 50% Retrace like maybe just a little tiny bit over but not much over it. That's that you have my personal Opinion year that you can do whatever you like because it's your money No, really, I'm telling you because if that's what you're comfortable with then do it, you know what I mean Well, I think it's like logical, you know, like so I can start like I can ask this question completely differently Is that when you're looking at a 3a2 setup at what point do you say this is no longer a 3a2 setup? It's now a Gartley pattern No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no the 3a2 has nothing to do with the Gartley because the 3a2 doesn't have anything to do with ABCDs or Fibonacci or anything other than 3a2 itself So it's a standalone thing. You don't worry about you think it's going to be a Gartley or expansion or anything like that It's a 3a2 and that's it You see and usually on the 3a2 there might not might not even be a pattern there other than the number so you have to rely on that number Are we still gonna be friends More than I'll get that $25 out to you just as soon as the horse in the fifth race at Saratoga comes through today for me Thank you, buddy. I appreciate it Jeff You bet. Take care. Okay. We're gonna take a break here Mike more more analytics will be up next folks the gold report as A precious metal gold is still king It continues to hold the most effective safe haven and hedging properties across the global major trading hubs of the London OTC market The US futures market and the Shanghai gold exchange the gold report Tom O'Brien publishes his weekly gold report every Monday morning for subscribers consisting of coverage of the XAU HUI GDX the dollar bonds the South African Rand as well as 25 different mining equities with specific buy-sell recommendations The gold report New subscribers get a 30-day money back guarantee so you have nothing to risk Subscribe to Tom O'Brien's gold report newsletter now tfnn.com Everything in the universe is governed by the Fibonacci sequence This mathematical principle is responsible for everything from the most aesthetically pleasing artwork to patterns in the stock market To stay on top of stock patterns You can take advantage of sign up for the Fibonacci 24-7 newsletter at tfnn.com when you subscribe You'll get a weekly report from veteran day trader Larry Pezzavento on stocks You need to pay attention to and you can trust Larry's analysis after all He's got 45 years experience as a day trader Larry will also provide daily charts videos and data on the key markets that he's tracking Expect notifications from Larry on market movement You need to act on at any time first time subscribers also get a 30-day money back guarantee If you're not satisfied, let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up Subscribe to the Fibonacci 24-7 newsletter today tfnn.com educating investors Sharpening your skills as an investor is like getting better at playing a musical instrument You have to practice sure, but you also need excellent instruction from experts at tfnn You'll get advice and guidance from the authority and technical market analysis And it's not just dry tedious text either tfnn airs live financial content streamed live on tfnn.com and Tfnn's YouTube channel with Tiger TV live every market day from 8 30 a.m. To 4 p.m. Eastern for free each host is an experienced trader and gives their take on the market while taking calls and questions Live from around the world from the moment the market opens until the closing bell sounds Tiger TV has eight different shows with expert Hosts to help you make the right moves with your money watch online at tfnn.com or on Tfnn's YouTube channel and become the investor you were born to be tfnn educating investors Don't forget you can listen to tfnn live on your mobile device 24 hours per day Go to tfnn.com and hit watch tiger TV. That's tfnn.com and hit watch tiger TV Okay, folks. We're back. We have Mike Moore and more analytics as our guest today Mike Are you there? Yes, sir. How are you? I am good. I want to thank you because you're on about last week I think it was on a I think it was Must have been Thursday. I think it was whenever it was you're on last week. You were talking about how that the natural Heating oil and the gasoline were leading the markets and the crude oil was was lagging behind now All what I did is I I went and looked at those charts and I saw That the crude oil was lagging so badly that I mean it was it should have been it like 88 or 89 dollars A barrel and it wasn't you were bringing that to my attention. I said what the hell that that's a sign of weakness And turned out I got lucky on that one, but it was that the right thinking Well, it just means that if you're long you would have been rather been long the heat And in fact, I think the next day the heating oil crack was bullish and the heat rallied $3,500 more contract than the crude crude oil did Well, yeah, I think yesterday at one point did and then it switched to unleaded gas being long The strong one instead of heat and then that rallied yesterday where the heat was actually negative. So They can switch day by day, but it makes a massive impact on your On your revenue here if you're switching to based on what the spread you're telling you You have proven it to me beyond any shadow of a doubt my friend. So tell us what you're looking at today Okay See what do you want to start with crude or natural gas or? you I start out let's do the crude and then the heating oil and then the Arbob and then we'll do the natural gas and then we'll move on to some of the other things a little later But go ahead and tell the folks where you think we are as far as resistance support and the crude and stuff like that Okay, so crudum First of all when anybody when they whenever anybody looks at all this This is not something that you have to read through every day as a client of mine When you see this something when you see this sentence right there. It says these are on hold That means these are place holders for all these larger time frame calls These were just taken off hold Because the market turned bearish the other day and then these are all on hold and then the only ones We're really concerning ourselves with are the last couple sentences So I said I wanted exhaustion at 84 17 to 74. We held this with an 84 89 high and we've rolled over $5 94 cents And then the trade below 80 to 68 plus two ticks per hour, which I think was the line that we were looking at last time we talked That those were that was this this increasing line right here. We took that out and we rolled over since then Give me a second We rolled over to the tune of three dollars and seventy three cents And then I said this morning decent trade above eighty forty plus point five the tick per hour Let me just double-check it. That was a decent trade So I just got back to my computer here Just bear with me one minute. Yeah, so a decent penetration of 66 ticks and T4 just a second here. I'm just calculating something 66 Yep, so we got a decent penetration above that line. So now it's bullish again We're pulling right back down to the line towards a stop. So there'd be a decent stop below here That would be a 62 ticks below. Oh, no, excuse me. The decent penetration was 65 ticks Bear with me again, I think I got this off T4 Yeah, no, that's a that's a decent penetration above and the stop would be 65 ticks below 8042 Did that make sense or no, so we so we basically we got We held this exhaustion level that we talked about I think in the last show Right here with the 84 80 not high we rolled over here We took out this line, which was bearish to get multiple lines here, which was bearish But now we've just broken back above this line, which turns it back to bullish and it's pulling back So I would remain bullish With the 65 ticks stop below here If it takes that out, then this will probably roll back over again Okay, and then the our Bob or the unleaded gasoline We've got a bearish engulfment going on right now of the previous days high and low This also had rolled over into a lower time frame bearish correction against this move up I wanted exhaustion here at this blue line at 281 73 Give me a second. I'll pull some perspective here So I said we're in a bearish correction or trend against the move up from 271 31 Decent trade below 284 82 Should bring a decent pressure And I wanted to arrange expansion yesterday yesterday we saw 116 percent expansion in range And then I said I would caution of two possible exhaustion levels one at 281 73 Oh to 088 and then a lower one and we've just held this this lower one right here You can see that at 281 73 We held that with a 281 92 low and we bounced a bit So the question is what are we going to do right here? If we take this formation out right here decently on the downside, then that's going to warn of renewed pressure And that comes in at 248 48 as of 1 o'clock p.m. Eastern Standard Time And that increases five ticks per hour So decent trade below there should bring in decent pressure Give me one second and then the heating oil I would note that the heating the heating oil in the gas oil was your heads up this morning that there was Something something wrong with the complex on the downside the heating oil right now has a maintained gap higher But the key in here is that we had rolled over from the multiple levels and we broke above that steep line We talked about the other day I believe and so we're just seeing strength coming coming from above there as well And if we take out this further line above that's going to warn of additional strength That line above is going to come in at 312 57 312 58 actually 312 58 plus 10 ticks per hour And the trade above 30184 minus 18 ticks per hour is already bringing in the strength That's where that lower line comes in we leave that maintain gap higher in place today. That's bullish for the heat and then Take a look at the Brent you want to look at the Brent do or yeah I don't follow can tell the folks the difference between the Brent and the WTI because I don't I've always only traded WTI I have never I've seen a few charts, of course on the Brent, but is it it's used to be a premium On that is it still sells of the premium? Yeah, so well, I could just show you right now. There's a spread here Let's see where I got it So right now that spread is at negative 429 says the $4 and 29 cents spread That's why right now if you look at Brent Brent is trading at 880 420 Okay, yeah, I'm treating it 8045 Got to pay a few bills Mike. So stay with us. Maybe right back. Okay, Mike or more analytics folks right out of Tennessee like You might think that if you want to be successful at trading in the stock market You're going to need a crystal ball after all it's impossible to predict the future right like any endeavor in life Before you decide it's impossible get some advice from the experts You might find that it's not so impossible after all for daily market overviews that give you direction on the key indices Selective stocks and commodities subscribe to the opening call newsletter at TFNN.com The opening call newsletter is written by Basil Chapman Creator of the trading methodology known as the Chapman wave the Chapman wave up down sequence gives you an edge in Identifying price turns finding the peaks and valleys in stock prices get the opening call newsletter by Basil Chapman and your inbox every day First time subscribers also get a 30-day money back guarantee if you're not satisfied Let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up TFNN.com educating investors Are you ready to take your trading to the next level? Introducing Tom O'Brien's award-winning newsletter market insights your key to successful active trading Tom O'Brien Renowned for his expertise in the financial markets has designed market insights to be your daily guide to profitable trades Tom Publishes his daily market insights newsletter every market day before the market open along with updates when warranted stay ahead of the game with Tom's real-time analysis and trade recommendations delivered straight to your inbox whether you're a season trader or just starting out market insights Provides the edge you need to navigate the markets with confidence ready to join the ranks of successful traders head over to TFNN.com and subscribe to market insights today Don't miss out on this opportunity to supercharge your trading results market insights comes with a 30-day money back guarantee for all new subscribers So you have nothing to risk don't miss out on this opportunity to revolutionize your trading game head over to TFNN.com Right now to join the thousands of traders who have already experienced the power of Tom O'Brien's award-winning newsletter market insights firsthand TFNN educating investors Biotech is booming but for how long whether you think the biotech bull has room to run or has run its course trade L.A.B.U. or L.A.B.D Directions daily S&P biotech three times bull and bear ETFs Visit Direction Investments.com slash biotech today an investor should consider the investment objectives risks charges and expenses of the Direction shares carefully before investing the prospectus and summary prospectus contain this and other information about direction shares to obtain a Prospectus or summary prospectus, please contact Direction shares at<PHONE_NUMBER> The prospectus or summary prospectus should be read carefully before investing an investment in the funds is subject to risk including the possible loss of Principal the funds are designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors such as traders and active investors distributor four-side fund services LLC This program is brought to you by Vista Gold traded on the NYSE American and TSX under the symbol VGZ Still talking to Mike Moore more analytics, please continue Mike regular can you still can you still see the screen share? Yes. Yes. They tell me everything is running good. So I think it's okay So we were just talking about the difference between the Brent and the WTI and there's a pricing difference because the Brent is in You know the North Sea of England and the WTI is down here obviously Off Texas. So there's a pricing difference there in the transportation of the oil and currently it's a little over four dollars That's why there's a spread between the Brent and WTI But I wanted to bring up the Brent here because in the Brent sea that's where a lot of the oil is from up there so anyway the In the Brent here I said no, we're currently holding possible exhaustion at 87 69 at 8 23 with an 88 10 high and rolled over three dollars and 81 cents And we saw a piece more of that today. We also took out these two lines here. It's also projects at lower But the bigger call here was when we broke above 82 33 which I said projected up with $13.90 So we've seen 5 77 of that so far That was the break above this line right here We traveled up when we held this exhaustion in this in this rectangle right here Now we're seeing a bearish correction against this move up So the question is are we going to finish out this bearish correction and then start a whole new bull structure? Which would be needed to attain the $13 And 90 cent objective of which we've only seen 5 77 so far Or is this going to break down below this main formation that we broke above? And then this would get uglier on the downside And that line right now comes in at 81 77 And this is a higher line that would also be bearish, but it's not as well formed a formation But nonetheless that comes in at 82 77 My plus one tick per hour And then finally the gas oil which is also a heads up That's gapping open higher today if that gap remains a place that would be bullish I did it a warn of range expansion today in there And that broke above the steep line that we talked about the other day I believe Broke above here pulled back down pulled back down and then we rallied to get this other formation and rallied more Actually, I think one last we talked we got bearish because we've broken below this line pulled back up to it And then rolled down a number of days to get this other one rolled over lower But then when we broke back above this that turned it to bullish further bullish Above this so bullish on it right now But as far as the spreads are concerned also the dc spread which is a spread of the whole curve of the Crude that turned bearish the other day as well. That's really been coming off seeing a lot of pressure from there That was a warning in the complex that that might come off And the arbab the heat spread is really rolled over Meaning that the arbab or unleaded gasoline is weak relative to the heat or the heat strong relative to the arbab Which obviously we're seeing just from those outrides. We just took a look at And I'll just take a look at the cracks real quick So the cracks are bullish right the heating oil crack was was bearish from a breakdown in here And then turned to bullish today and it looks like we're leaving a maintained gap higher What does that mean? That means that the heat is strong relative to the crude Or the crude weak relative to the heat And if we look at the arbab crack That had turned bearish from the break below this line Pulled up pulled up but still still is mainly bearish So that means that the arbab is weak relative to the crude So that sets up your hierarchy there you have the heat is your strongest the crude in the middle And the arbab is the weakest And real quick if you look at a croat board You can see that Playing out here the crude oil the heating oil is up 854 ticks and the arbab is down 324 ticks and the crude is up a dollar 14 So here's another example of my Mike. I got what's up? I got a question What does that tell you that one is so much weaker than the other is that telling you the demand or is it just A function of where the supply is or how does that work? Both it could be a demand of supply, you know higher demand for one or or higher higher supply I don't really deal so much on that Supply on the main side of the equation, but that's basically what it's what it's telling you But the The question is pertinent because that's the underlying reason Why these are flipped, right? But by the time you figure that out It's already made the flip and that's why I look at technicals and look at price action because price action Will dictate to you earlier what that That price flip is does that make sense? Makes great sense. It sure does Okay, um, and that's why like on on the analysis. I had a plus right here next to the heat That meant it should have been the strongest on the day And the heats up 855 ticks Oh, okay. Okay. So did you want to take a look at the natural gas real quick? Oh, absolutely. Yeah, that's one of our favorites. Yeah So natural gas if you remember we had broken out of all this exhaustion here With this day, but then I said if we left a on the day it warned of pressure And then I said if we left the gap open lower that would leave a minor bearish reversal above So we left that above. I'm not exactly sure we left off last time I'm saying right here. I wanted eight nine this warned of pressure before if resuming higher trade And if they left the gap open lower and closed below 2794, this would leave a minor bearish reversal above I think that's where we left off last time we did a show So we've come off 391 ticks so far from there And I said we are likely now in a new lower time frame bearish structure that could last for days So We had come off here then we corrected against this minor Formation right here. We held exhaustion right there and then rolled over into a new bearish structure And this bearish structure took out this old line right here, but we popped back to above it today. So that's kind of uh It's kind of mixed signals to be honest with you. We had traded back up into this gap here came back off Then immediately even though we've pulled back here. I would be bullish right here because we broke back above this line decently So we'll have to see if this rally's out of here or not But we did see a nice run here from the close here and the open here came off for at least five days Did you have any questions on the energies before I go to the financials? No, let's go to the financials. You do a great job You really helped a lot of folks here, Mike. So thank you. Keep up the good work and uh, let's move on to the financials So they're having a little ball of utility over these last few days. So what are you taking? What do you think's happening over there? Glad to hear it's been a help So we're taking over the s&p here just as a backup a caution of exhaustion here at 46 35 and a quarter We held that with the 46 34 50 high and we rolled over 225 And then you can read about some of the rest of those in here We also recently just broke back below this formation, which was bearish held the lower formation And now we're consolidating a little bit I believe that we're in the last stretch of this move down So there's exhaustion levels here. This main area is an exhaustion level that comes in at 43 80 50 to 43 76 uh 43 70 50 And then there's higher frame exhaustion levels that are lower here at about 43 48 75 Okay, let's take a break here. We'll be right back with Mike Moore more analytics We want to ask him about the automated trading program that he's working with we'll be right back folks Mike Moore coming right back If you're looking for potential trading setups in the stock market Then rocket equities and options report is a newsletter you should try Tommy O'Brien delivers options and equity trades when the markets present them using a combination of fundamentals and technicals Sign up for rocket equities and options report today with a 30-day money-back guarantee So you have nothing to risk for all the details and to start your subscription today visit the front page of tfnn.com tfnn educating investors You might think that if you want to be successful at trading in the stock market You're going to need a crystal ball after all it's impossible to predict the future, right? Like any endeavor in life before you decide it's impossible get some advice from the experts You might find that it's not so impossible after all for daily market overviews that give you direction on the key indices selective stocks and commodities Subscribe to the opening call newsletter at tfnn.com The opening call newsletter is written by basil Chapman Creator of the trading methodology known as the Chapman wave The Chapman wave up-down sequence gives you an edge in identifying price turns Finding the peaks and valleys in stock prices get the opening call newsletter by basil Chapman in your inbox every day First time subscribers also get a 30-day money-back guarantee If you're not satisfied, let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up tfnn.com educating investors Everything in the universe is governed by the Fibonacci sequence This mathematical principle is responsible for everything from the most aesthetically pleasing artwork to patterns in the stock market To stay on top of stock patterns You can take advantage of sign up for the Fibonacci 24 7 newsletter at tfnn.com When you subscribe you'll get a weekly report from veteran day trader larry pesavento On stocks you need to pay attention to and you can trust larry's analysis After all he's got 45 years experience as a day trader larry will also provide daily charts videos And data on the key markets that he's tracking expect notifications from larry on market movement You need to act on at any time first time subscribers also get a 30-day money-back guarantee If you're not satisfied, let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up Subscribe to the Fibonacci 24 7 newsletter today tfnn.com educating investors Tfnn has launched the tiger's den hosted at discord Tfnn has been educating traders for more than 20 years with live programming hosted by a variety of professional traders during market hours The tiger's den available to all tigers and tigers for just one dollar for the year There's no catch or added costs when you join our community of traders Sign up today and become a part of this educational community of traders. Just visit the front page of tfnn.com Don't forget you can listen to tfnn live on your mobile device 24 hours per day Go to tfnn.com and hit watch tiger tv That's tfnn.com and hit watch tiger tv Back folks were speaking with mike more more more analytics mike tell the folks about the automatic trading program that you have So we have one auto trading program that's trading right now Um, unfortunately, it's in a bit of a drawdown over the past month To the tune of seven seven thousand on a one lot, which would be obviously seven percent on a hundred thousand dollar account But it had a long run up for five months prior to that so that's part of um Trading part of the game But also we've had some, you know a couple execution misses and stuff So I forgot to turn my phone off my apologies everybody um but also we've just done an extensive study on it and uh Came up some better parameters for it. So i'm very excited about that Which massively increased its profitability. So That started rolling out today Uh and partially yesterday So if anybody's interested feel free to give us a call You want to take a look at the uh s and p I know i'd like for you to tell the folks how they could reach you because you have had several questions about how the best way to Reach you it's you have a website more analytics.com. Is that correct? Yep? Can you see this? Is it large enough for now? Let's see Okay See if anybody can see that that's my website more analytics.com Or you can email me at more analysis not more in alex, but more analysis at gmail.com You can call me on my phone That's my Yankee phone number. I still got my New York City number<PHONE_NUMBER> and if you want to do any the auto trade you can call bill orlasky Uh right here at<PHONE_NUMBER> All right, we're going to have you on again next week because I want to ask you some more about the relationships That you watch because it was a very very helpful for us here because it seemed to the crude oil was weakening because of that So we'll have you on next week my friend. So stay tuned and uh be safe over there Thank you larry. I appreciate it. Thank you. Thank you everybody else for watching. Hope you have a blessed day You bet we'll see you on monday folks. May god bless


Thank you for attending this class. I want to try to keep the slides fairly short and have an opportunity for some discussion and some questions. So if you save your questions to the end, I think we should have plenty of time at that point to discuss things. I'll just start by saying that what I'm going to be presenting today is my own personal interest in hydrogen from renewable electricity, or at least my personal perspective on it. I wanted to share a few developments that I think are interesting from the point of view of science and technologies that can enable hydrogen production from renewable electricity in a way that could be economically viable and also have some important implications for the future decarbonized economy. So I'm affiliated with several different organizations at Stanford. I'm a professor in the Department of Material Science and Engineering. I'm also a professor of Photon Science. So I'm a faculty member at Slack as well as on campus. And I'm director of the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, which is a major scientific user facility at Slack and at Stanford. And I also am a senior fellow of the Precourt Institute for Energy. So I've been involved with the Precourt Institute for many years, initially helping the Precourt Institute develop an industrial affiliates program a way to better interact or one way to better interact with industry in the green energy space. So just to say a little bit about my current job at Slack, the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source is, as I said, a major facility. We have about 140 staff. There are a large number of postdocs and students from Stanford who come and do research at SSRL, either as users. So they submit user proposals like people all around the world do to use our facility. Or they may become involved as collaborators with our staff and with some of the faculty at Slack. So as graduate students get involved in research and have advisors on campus, they often develop these kinds of collaborative relationships. So this is a facility where we have a particle accelerator. It accelerates electrons at close to the speed of light. And by jiggling those electrons in a strongly varying magnetic field, we can produce x-rays at 32 different experimental stations around this ring. And those x-rays vary in energy and intensity. And they're used in many different kinds of experiments involving spectroscopy, x-ray scattering, and diffraction, and imaging. An example of the kind of work that we do at SSRL that's related to energy, just a couple of examples shown in these schematics, are things like operando studies of battery materials. So within a battery, within the layered structure of the cells inside a battery, there are micro and nanoparticles. And as the battery is charged and discharged ion intercalation and deintercalation events occur in these particles. And it's possible to study these things using synchrotron radiation to obtain chemically sensitive images without having to destroy the battery. So with designing the cell appropriately, we can actually look at the process of ions going in and out of these materials, the expansion and contraction, and other mechanical effects that occur. Another application for synchrotron radiation is in catalysis. So being able to study how molecules interact with the surface of nanoparticle catalyst, how they bind to that surface by looking at the electronic signature of that binding. So looking through spectroscopy at the details of their electronic structure of the molecules, touchdown and bind to various sites on catalysts can give insights into how the catalysts actually work, what are the active sites, how can we synthesize better catalysts that are more active. So there's a learning circle that's depicted here going from synthesizing the catalysts, characterizing them, testing them on a beam line under realistic conditions, and then going back to theory to understand what does the data mean and how do we make use of it. So that gives you just a very brief flavor of what we do at SSRL. And I hope that many of you become involved as users or collaborators with us. So just as my outline here, I'll say a little bit about hydrogen as a fuel, and in particular, focus on the issue of energy density, which is one of the things that makes fuel so interesting and important technologically. Then I'll talk about a few different technologies that are in development or have been under investigation for some time and are being improved. Liquid organic hydrogen carriers, I think that's quite an exciting topic. And low temperature electrolysis with ion selective membrane electrode assemblies. These two technologies, as they're developed and made more efficient, have the potential to really push hydrogen synthesis in an economically viable direction. I'll focus on a specific interest of my group, which is coated catalysts for water oxidation. And that's part of what happens in this membrane electrode assembly electrolysis. And then combining efficient catalysts with high performance solar cells. So this is an approach to artificial photosynthesis, which could be interesting for distributed production of hydrogen off the grid. I also want to begin by acknowledging that there are many other PIs at Stanford and Slack who are involved in these kinds of topics. These are just some of the people that I know of who are working on hydrogen from renewable sources. Tom, Professor Thomas Haramio, he's also the director of the Suncat Center. Professor William Chu in my department in material science and engineering. Professor Friedrich Prinz, he's a professor in mechanical engineering with a joint appointment in MSc. Professor Matt Canan in chemistry, Hongjie Dai in chemistry. And then these researchers, Simon Baer, Demosthenes Socaris, both at SSRL, they're both experimentalists who use these techniques to study catalysis that I was just mentioning. And then Frank Abild-Petersen, he's a Slack theorist who's interested in catalysis and particularly related to green energy. So if we look at energy density and the reason why fuels become interesting or have an advantage, it really is compared to things like lithium ion batteries. The fact that we can store energy either with very high volumetric density, so this is a megajoules per liter on the vertical scale, or with high specific energy density, that is megajoules per kilogram. So this is something that might be more important, perhaps in a vehicle context. This is something that is also important in a vehicle context, but could be important in terms of other kinds of stationary storage. So we use diesel fuel, for example, in backup generation because we can store a tremendous amount of energy per unit volume. We don't have to have huge tanks of diesel in order to do that. But the ion batteries score pretty low on both of these energy density metrics. And that's primarily because you have all that other, in addition, the energy storage is occurring by shuttling these ions around, but you have all this other structure present, as I showed in that cross-section of the battery, to support that. So there's a lot of weight and there's a lot of volume that really is not effectively used in the process of storing energy. They have a lot of other benefits as well, obviously, and batteries are a huge and important area of research and development, but in this particular metric, they struggle a bit. So if we think about how these kinds of energy density metrics compare to renewable energy, if you look at the energy content of 40 liters of gasoline, so a small, by US standards, gas tank filled with gasoline, that has an energy content of about 1800 megajoules. And you need to run a 20% efficient solar panel, two meters by 10 meters in area. So this is a big panel for two weeks in order to generate that much energy. So from the perspective of doing things like backing up renewable energy that has a high temporal variability, where we're not producing it in constant quantities throughout the day, fuels are an interesting option. I also point out here that in the case of hydrogen, hydrogen is in some way the simplest fuel that we can imagine making in terms of the chemistry or electric chemistry that's involved. The specific energy density, of course, is very high because hydrogen is the first element in the periodic table. It's a small mass molecule and it's present in all of these phases as a gas at standard temperature and pressure or even as a liquid. With a relatively low density, so it has a high specific energy density. The volumetric energy density tends to be low in comparison to these other fuels, the hydrocarbon fuels. So there's a lot of interest in being able to come up with approaches to store hydrogen in a form where it has something like liquid hydrogen like volumetric energy density, not so low in volumetric energy density. And one approach for doing that is to use what's called a liquid organic hydrogen carrier. This is an image that I got off the website of a Japanese company called Chioda Corporation. They're a leader in this technology and their vision is to take different sources of energy, use them to perform electrolysis on water and create hydrogen, and then effectively hydrogenate a liquid organic molecule. That liquid organic host for the hydrogen then can be put into a tanker and can move across the ocean as it would if it were full of an organic fuel. In this case, toluene is the carrier that Chioda is looking at for the hydrogenation. And then it's possible to distribute that hydrogenated liquid organic carrier throughout the economy to dehydrogenate it wherever you want to. That might happen at a big plant to produce hydrogen in large scale for industrial processes. It may occur in a localized setting for hydrogen filling stations. In principle, it might be able to occur within a vehicle. You might be able to extract the hydrogen and then return the organic carrier. And the idea is then the toluene goes back to the electrolysis facility. In this case, it's a wind-powered facility that they're showing or solar. And you regenerate it and the process then continues. So it's a very interesting idea. It's not a new idea. The initial work on this was done in the mid-80s when toluene was studied for this. More recently, there's been interest in new generations of liquid organic hydrogen carriers. One of them is di-benzol toluene. This particular molecule is nice because it's possible to do the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation under more standard conditions. So not having to go to such high pressures for some of these processes. So we take hydrogen produced through electrolysis, add it to this molecule at not a crazy high pressure, do this over a catalyst. So a ruthenium catalyst on aluminum oxide support, for example. This is an exothermic reaction and we can get up to a 6.2 mass percent hydrogen which is a pretty significant hydrogen loading. It gets us about halfway to the volumetric energy density of liquid hydrogen. And then dehydrogenate this material and that can be done over a platinum catalyst with aluminum oxide and use the hydrogen that results from that in a fuel cell or a combustion chamber. So that's the general cycle of life for this kind of thing and it would be then reused as I said before. So I think that's a really exciting technology for a couple of reasons. The big issue with hydrogen storage is doing it in an energy efficient fashion, not having to waste a tremendous amount of energy in pressurizing the hydrogen so that it's sufficiently volumetrically dense in energy for many applications. And it's also using existing infrastructure because you can in principle use pipeline and storage infrastructure and shipping infrastructure to develop for hydrocarbons with this approach. It's a way of repurposing all of this very expensive stuff that has been developed for hydrocarbon fuels. The other technology that I wanna say a bit about is low temperature electrolysis for pressurized hydrogen synthesis. So as you saw in that previous slide, we do need to pressurize the hydrogen to some extent in order to do this reaction, 10 to 50 bar. And an exciting technology for this is low temperature electrolysis with a polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysis cell. That's what PEM stands for. This is a special kind of polymer that's selective for hydrogen transport. So we flow liquid water through one of the cells. There's a reaction that occurs on a catalyst laden coating on this surface of the membrane that involves oxidation of the water to make O2 and to make protons and electrons. The electrons, the protons are sent through this polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell and then the electrons that are produced in this side of the half cell when pushed along by sufficient voltage will reduce those protons to make hydrogen. So this is occurring in contact with liquid water. On this side, we can actually have the hydrogen come out as a gas. So the hydrogen evolution reaction produces H2 in the gas phase and by providing sufficient over potential, so sufficiently high voltage here, we can produce hydrogen that's pressurized. And this is a really exciting innovation, the ability to use what's called the gas diffusion electrode kind of technology to make hydrogen vapor at pressure opens up a lot of possibilities for economic use of the hydrogen in the kind of scheme we just saw with the liquid organic hydrogen carriers. The most electrochemically challenging step here in the electrolysis is actually this water oxidation or oxygen evolution process. And that's because we need to transfer four electrons per oxygen molecule. So it's a multi-step electrochemical process and there are significant energy barriers to making it happen. And one of the real challenges here is finding a really good catalyst. The best and most efficient catalyst unfortunately is a very expensive material, iridium oxide. It's really the only efficient OER catalyst that is stable under acidic pHs. And if we're running this thing at high rates and making a lot of protons here, it's going to be relatively acidic conditions. So this is one of the challenges is how do we most efficiently make use of the iridium oxide and keep it from corroding away or losing it because it is so expensive. Just a little snapshot of one of these low temperature electrolysis cells. It's actually a stack of different materials. This membrane here is a complex material. The one that's shown here is actually a little bit different where we're allowing water flow and water generation out the other side of the membrane. But in any case, these are all, you know, highly engineered layers in this stack. And actually this whole technology really comes out of the PEM hydrogen fuel cell technology for vehicle fuel cells. So there's a lot of work that's been done that we can reapply to electrolysis. I'll say a little bit about this iridium oxide catalyst. One of the issues with the catalyst or any catalyst is deactivation. So can we maintain the high activity of our oxygen evolution catalyst over time? Will it become poisoned by impurities that are present in the feedstocks? And will it be mechanically robust and stable? Will the process of oxidizing water cause stresses that may cause these iridium oxide nanoparticles to delaminate from the membrane that they're attached to so one of the approaches for trying to stabilize and protect and prevent poisoning of catalysts is to use an overlay or some kind. And that overlay could be an active overlay where something about the combination of the overlay and the catalyst induces activity for the catalytic reaction on the surface of the overlay or it could be an inactive material but it allows the correct reactant species to come to this interface and producing the correct product and preventing other components that would tend to poison the surface of the catalyst from entering. So there's been a lot of interest in these overlays in the literature for various different kinds of catalyzed chemical and electrochemical reactions. One of the things that we've observed and also a group of Caltech observed right around the same time a couple of years ago is that if we coat iridium oxide with titanium dioxide which is a normally inactive material for water oxidation it actually enhances the catalytic reaction. So we can see that enhancement by measuring the current that's associated with the water oxidation. I said we need to transfer four electrons for oxygen molecules. So we can measure the rate of water oxidation by just measuring the current that passes. We can see the current is higher for a given potential when we have a TiO2 coated with a very thin layer on the order of less than a nanometer thickness of TiO2 compared to the bare iridium oxide. So this is a very interesting observation. It's not necessarily indicative of greater stability or protection from poisoning. It suggests that there's actually some kind of an enhancement in the overall catalysis as a result of putting this very thin and normally inactive material there. So this is not really understood at present and this is a topic of ongoing research in our lab. And so one of the ways that we can analyze this and study it is using this atomic layer deposition technique, which my group has developed as a way of coating materials with very thin coatings. So this is the kind of chemistry involved. It's really a chemical vapor deposition type reaction where precursor molecules come down and react on a substrate surface or on the surface of a growing material but the mechanism involves sort of a saturated chemisorption of these molecules and that means that we can make films and coatings that are conformal and pinhole free at very, very thin thicknesses on the order of a nanometer and it can be useful in coating complex surfaces because of this self-limiting kind of deposition mechanism including powders and nanoparticles. So it's an ideal way to take an inactive nanoparticle and coat it with something like iridium oxide or then coat that with TiO2 as we talked about in the previous slide. Our initial studies of the ALD TiO2 coatings on flat iridium oxide films that we've grown on flat substrate surfaces are interesting. We've studied this using a technique called X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using angle resolved measurements. So the bottom line from this figure is that the intensity ratio, the intensities of the photoelectrons that we detect from the overlap, the TiO2 and from the underlying iridium oxide are such that as we change the angle at which we're measuring these photoelectrons as they come off the surface in this X-ray measurement, it appears that the TiO2 coating is actually a uniform thickness closed film so it has a fractional surface coverage of one meaning that it seems to coat the entire surface. So it doesn't appear to be a situation where there are pinholes and cracks and the water is able to go through those, react and the oxygen come back out. It seems like it may be transported through this TiO2 layer itself that's involved but we're currently studying that. This is an example of how we can use X-ray tools to say something quite interesting and detailed about mechanisms. So the ALD process is something that we've investigated for various different applications. One of them is taking materials like TiO2 that are normally inactive for water oxidation and using them to protect underlying reactive substrates like silicon that are good at absorbing light and generating photovoltage that we can use for electrochemistry and then we can coat those with an iridium catalyst also by ALD if we wish as I showed previously. And this just gives sort of a schematic of what the mechanism of the TiO2 deposition is. Because we can make these films very thin and pinhole free, they can be effective in protecting silicon without absorbing a lot of light or being a significant electrical resistance between the catalyst where we have to extract those electrons in order to oxidize water and the silicon itself. So this kind of structure then can be used to protect a normally reactive silicon photovoltaic material from the electrochemical environment involved in water oxidation. So these are experiments under very extreme pH conditions. So this is one molar sodium hydroxide. So very basic electrolyte solution, one molar sulfuric acid. And when we have the TiO2 films or coatings present, we can continually split water on the silicon that's so coated, but if the coating is not present, the current that we measure for water oxidation decays within a few minutes. And that's because we effectively start oxidizing the silicon and building up a very thick SiO2 layer that shuts down the flow of current and shuts down the electrolysis. These chrono-amperometry measurements show similar kind of situation if we perform them in either sulfuric acid or strong base. We can protect and continue water oxidation for many hours on silicon that would normally fail in just a few minutes. So the last thing I'll say about something about then is this idea of taking these highly active catalysts and combining them with a photovoltaic device to make a sort of a light driven artificial photosynthesis cell that's capable of generating hydrogen from water in remote locations off the grid. And in doing this, we need to combine the current voltage characteristics of the solar cell with what's called the load curve of the electrocatalyst. So this is the amount of current we can push through during electrolysis as a function of the applied potential. And ideally we want this load curve to be very, very steep and to cross the IV curve of the solar cell at some high current density where we can effectively make a lot of oxygen and hydrogen per unit time so we can have a high production rate. The solar to hydrogen efficiency can be calculated in terms of this short circuit photo current here and the voltage required, the minimum voltage required to split water which is 1.23 volts and the incident power of the sunlight. And the initial Department of Energy target for this efficiency is about 15%. That's what the initial desired efficiency is for an economically viable sort of pathway to a technology. What we've been able to do is combine silicon high efficiency cells. These are heteronjunction cells called HIT cells with a built in electrochemical flow cell underneath one of the three series connected silicon HIT cells and obtain at zero external bias. So just driven by the sunlight, a production rate over 10 milliamps per centimeter squared of current. And that corresponds to a solar to hydrogen efficiency of about 13%. So very close to that 15% goal for the Department of Energy has stated. And these cells can survive for actually for days. This shows 20 hours of stability but we've been able to test them up past 100 hours of continuous operation by using ALD to protect the backside of the silicon solar cell where all this catalyst is and the electrochemistry is taking place. We're able to get very good stability. This is just an indication of the kind of stability results that we've seen. And the fact that we can, in this case, this was, these were up to 24 hours but we've, as I said, gone up to over 100 hours now. 120 hours of stable water splitting. So five days, which is about as long as we would do this kind of measurement in my lab. We only have one simulated solar light source to use for these kinds of experiments. So we can only keep it tied up for so long. Another interesting thing about this, if we use the ALD-TIO2 to protect the silicon photovoltaic, we can actually operate over a wide range of pH. So we can operate with these relatively acidic or basic solutions which have very low resistance for operation. But we can also operate in a buffer solution at pH seven. And this is important if you want to actually develop a technology. Most people don't want to have a solar cell with a water solution next to it that's concentrated acid or concentrated base. They don't want to have to mess with these relatively dangerous chemistries. A pH seven buffer solution is much more benign. So it will work across a wide range of pH if you use the ALD protection scheme and the right catalyst for this kind of structure. So that's really all I had prepared in terms of slides. I could speak to them in more detail, but I thought it would probably be a good idea to just open things up for questions now. And we can sort of talk about this in a more, in a less formal way. So I see it utter, yeah, you can unmute yourself. Yeah. Hi, Professor, you mentioned that you could combust hydrogen like using the gas infrastructure first, the hydrocarbons. What are the benefits of using the combustion process to get your energy back or the fuel cell process? Yeah, that's a really good question. Generally speaking, fuel cells can have higher efficiency than internal combustion engines. They have some downsides though. So if we use, if we take that PEM kind of structure that I showed before for electrolysis and instead of using it to split water, we use it to react hydrogen with oxygen to make water to sort of the reverse process. One of the issues with that is you have, you do have to use quite expensive catalysts in that process. And that's something that you need to do within every vehicle. So every vehicle has to be fitted out with a fuel cell that has these relatively expensive catalysts. And there's some concern about sort of long-term reliability of fuel cells in comparison to IC engines. IC engines have been around forever. People have a century, more than a century of experience with how they can fail and how you can reduce the likelihood of that. They've just gotten much, much better over time. Personalized fuel cells are much newer and they're still sort of on the learning curve for many of these things. So that's probably the major, I would say the major distinction. In principle, the fuel cell could be significantly more efficient, but there's sort of the balance of systems costs and then the reliability issues that I think still need to be worked out. Most likely these kinds of fuel cells are gonna be implemented and will be seen in fleet vehicles, long haul trucking, maybe buses, sort of situations where you can imagine having to check in as a bus goes around its route, having to check in to a depot. And if you need to swap the membrane out, there's somebody there who can just do it and then put you right back on the road. It's not so easy to do that for in a personal transportation vehicle. Hi, Anga here from the GSB, a chemical engineer. I wanted to ask you about, there seems to be a trend going against hydrogen and more pro-green ammonia as a fuel carrier. I was curious if you can talk a little bit about that, if that's also a research topic. And I see some parallels with the catalyst and the potential for photo-criticals. Can you maybe compare and contrast? I'm curious to see what the trends are going on. Yeah, I think that that's a really exciting area. And I don't want to minimize the importance of other potential energy carriers and certainly green ammonia is one of them. It's been an area where the catalyst development is probably some years behind that for hydrogen. And so that's where real breakthroughs could come. And synthesis of ammonia, electrochemical synthesis of ammonia is intrinsically interesting from the perspective of agriculture as well. Ammonia fixation is one of the critical things that allows our contemporary society to exist. And so I think anything that people can do to understand that better and how to do that with renewable energy sources is important. In addition to the potential fuel possibilities. So I think that's a really exciting area. I don't work on it myself, but some of the people on that slide that I showed early on do. So I think in particular, Suncat, which is a center here at Stanford for catalysis research, has several PIs who are interested in that. Hi, thank you for your talk. I was curious. So when this technology gets to a place where it can start being used more just for fuel for something like long-haul trucking, what do you see as kind of the other areas of research that need to be done or things that need to be figured out to make that really viable in our world? Yeah, it's an excellent question. Well, I think that the whole production part of it, so being able to produce it at sufficiently low cost per liter that people are going to be willing to adopt it compared to other approaches. There's the storage and transportation part. And if the liquid organic hydrogen carriers can be really used at scale with existing petroleum infrastructure, that would be huge. And that's an active field of research. There's a lot of interest in that right now. I think that in terms of the economic consequences, where we're likely to see this have the biggest impact is in things like what you mentioned, long-haul trucking, heavy transportation, not probably personal vehicle transportation because there seems to be a pretty good path for batteries to work as the range increases. But I see for heavy transportation, trucking, shipping, trains, there's a lot of that, which will be hard to run on batteries just because of the necessary specific or volumetric energy density constraints. And perhaps things like backing up the grid. Although what Tom Harmeal would say, Professor Harmeal in chemical engineering is really we need to think about this sort of electrochemical production of protons and electrons, which we do when we make hydrogen as an enabler for all kinds of chemistry that we currently do with hydrocarbons. So currently we use hydrocarbons in so many different contexts. Steel making uses a lot of hydrocarbons. There's so many things around us that we depend on that are gonna be hard to decarbonize. But if you have a source of electrons and protons at the right potential, you can do a lot. So I think that that's another thing that will naturally come from this research and development is a path to replacing a lot of the chemical synthesis we do today with electrochemical synthesis driven by renewable sources. That's the hope anyway. Yeah, hello Professor. So, yeah, catalysis is essentially a surface phenomena. Like if you are using active overlay coatings, like how is that not going to hinder the actual potential of that catalysis itself? Now then we can already shift all together to using that coating only all by itself. Yeah, this is an excellent question. So it turns out that there are, the example I showed, as I said, we don't really understand it yet. Why it should boost the performance of iridium oxide to put this normally inactive material there? And it could be that the nature of the chemical bonding between the TiO2 and the iridium oxide is such that effectively the surface of the iridium oxide, the surface bonds are distorted or there are structural changes to the surface of the iridium oxide induced by the presence of the TiO2 that make the iridium oxide a better catalyst. But there are other systems in which this kind of sort of mutually cooperative effect occurs and they're often driven by strain. So if you take one metal nanoparticle and you coat it with another metal that is structurally similar but has a different atomic spacing, the coating induces strain on the inner core particle and the inner core particle induces strain on the outer coating. And that can sometimes lead to very high activity because the strained bonds that are present on the surface actually allow the reactant to stick better and to more easily reactant and for the product to come off. So catalysis depends on having something that's just sticky enough to keep the reactant molecule in place while the catalyzed reaction takes place and then releasing the product very easily. And so bond density, the chemical identity of replets right at the surface and strain actually all play a role in that. And that's how these coatings may be in some cases a real game changer but it's a very ripe area for research right now. And it's hard because you're talking about really nanoparticles. So measuring these things and understanding where every atom is on the surface of a nanoparticle and how that's happening as chemistry's going on, that's really, really hard to do. And that's one of the exciting things about working at a place like SSRL is we have some of the tools to do that. But there's also a lot of room for theory that's necessary to understand how these things work. But strain in the coatings will not result in mechanical damage? So it depends on how much strain you're talking about and with nanoparticles they tend to store strain elastically whereas as you know metals that are under strain and are bulk will form defects called dislocations that relieve the strain. Dislocation formation in nano crystals is much more difficult. So you can achieve states of strain that are really impossible in bulk materials. This is one of the reasons why science and nanotechnology got people excited 20 years ago is that you could do things like that. It's just one example of what these nanostructures allow you to do.