So, the first thing I'm going to do, first of all I'll call the meeting to order. And my name is Charlie Croskett, I'm chair of the finance committee. And the first thing we'll do is take attendance. Grant Givian. Here. In person. James Lindell. John Ellis. Kyle Healy. Brian Beck. Aretha Daria. Yes. Sophie Migliazo. Here. Jonathan Wallach. Shailene Pocrus. Darrell Harmer. Here. Andy LaCorte. Here. Alan Jones. George Cozer. Bill Keller. I'm here. Thank you. Al Tosti. Here. Christine Deschler. Here. Here. We have one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, 11. Well members present. So we have a corn. So first thing is we have three minutes that were distributed. I've read them. They looked complete and to the point. I don't know if you can see any questions or editing or comments on the minutes. So a motion to approve the minutes. Those three minutes of May. 16th, 18th and 25th. 16 May, 16th, 18th and 25th. The motion to approve those minutes is in order. Okay. So it's been moved and seconded. I will take a vote on the minutes. Grant Givian. Yes. I don't know. I don't know. Sophie. Yes. Darrell Harmer. I felt like I was there. Staining. Annie. Yes. Alan Jones. Yes. Bill Keller. Yes. Yes. Christine. Yes. Yes. Yes. The minutes were approved. Thank you very much. So the first and. Maybe I move business tonight. Is the. Interest of our town. Comptroller to have us review and vote upon. End of the year transfers. So either can we turn the floor over to you to explain what you've said to the committee. Sure. Good evening, everyone. I believe you received the memo. So I'm not going to cover every bullet this year. It's kind of light in terms of. The request are kind of light in terms of departments. We only two departments requesting transfers. The town manager is requesting $10,000 to cover. The vacation payout.  This is a little more. A little more. Significant. The request. They need $200,000. This is broken out in. $152,000 for salaries. And $48,000 for the expenses. The main reasons for this. Shortage is. And this on the side is because they had. Eight employees on extended leave. They had five employees in injured leave. And they also have eight. Vacancies. And on the expense side, they. They actually had a medical settlement. They had to pay $63,000. To. Retire. Five fighters who, five fighters who retired 30 years ago. And he had a knee replacement. And they settled on $63,000. And that's about it. If you have any questions, I'm happy to answer. Any questions for. The controller. The eight vacant positions there. I assume is that money still bet still in the budget. And we'll revert to the general fund. Or is this 200,000 net of already using all that money. So everything gets account as accounted for up until today. The only month. That weren't charged is 80% of the payroll of the last week of this. Of this fiscal year. There isn't turned back because we actually covered this positions and some of the, the people that we hired. They were getting. So it's kind of like a double hit. They were hired. We were paying. Salary. And we also sent them to the academy to be trained. So this positions had to be filled with overtime. Okay. Thank you. Any other questions for. Yeah. So, you know, I have a question. It says on your memo that there were 30 employees out on COVID leave at various times throughout the year. Didn't we get COVID funding from the federal government? Yep, we did. And we still, we used all the COVID funding. We used $4 million to all together. And the whole. In the town. And this is not. This is independent of the $10 million that we got. From the. American recovery plan act or whatever it's called. So we only got $4 million in CARES money. And then we got $36 million separate on ARPA money. But the $4 million was spent over two fiscal years. And it did not cover this. These 30 employees. Some of it was covered, but not all of it. So. So why. I sent you an email today asking whether or not, what we expected to get in. In certified free cash in September. And. And why we're not just transferring this money out of the. That would be going into free cash at the end of the year. So it doesn't matter where we take the money, whether we take the money from the reserve fund or with, whether we take it from other departments that have a surplus. The, the effect is going to be on the free cash is going to be the same. The money will be spent. So what if we don't take it from the reserve fund and we, we turn it to the free cash. And if we take it from the other department, we're going to take it from the reserve fund. We turn it to the free cash. And if we take it from the other departments, we'll turn back less to the free cash. Typically, I understand that I mean, I've been here three years and we've always done it through the. Reserve fund transfers. And I understand that it's the, it's always been done this way in island and not from the department from the surplus of other departments. But I'm not sure that's the case. We have transferred money from, for example, expenses, the personnel, et cetera, inside departments at the end of the year. But, but right. If it comes from the departments or where there comes from free cash, if it comes from the departments, the free cash back, I'm sorry, the reserve fund back in the free cash will be higher. So it's, it doesn't make any difference. And everything that's not spent closes to the free cash. The only difference is that if we take it from the other departments, we need the departments that they are, they give up the funds. We need their written approval. And it also has to be done through the select board and with the approval of the fine. Fine. As well. Okay. Thank you. So is there, are there any further questions for you on the reserve fund transfers? Make a comment before we vote. Yeah. We usually have a motion in the discussions. I don't know when you want me to do it. You know, my only note is, and this goes before your time. But so I'm going to accept this. Like explanation and everything, but I do want to know that prior to Bob Jefferson being fire chief, the fire department had a real problem coming in the under budget or in budget every year. They had these annual reserve fund transfers. And then the chief retires. And we're immediately back to reserve fund transfers. So I can accept it to some degree that this is possibly a one time issue. But if I really hope we don't have, we're not doing this again next year.  And it's not a return to how it used to be. Just my comment. Yeah, I actually, I looked at the reports for fiscal year 20 and fiscal year 21. And I see that the fire turned back in, in 20, they turned back $120,000. And in fiscal year 21, they turned back $198,000. This is the first time I've been here that they, they, they came in short. Agreed. You went back before Bob Jefferson. It was like consistent overrun. I'm going to watch out for it. Yep. Any other questions? Bob was never short. Comments. Any other questions or comments? So a motion is in order. Except the recommended request of. Comptroller for total transfer from the reserve fund of $210,000 to cover $48,000 in expenses and $162,000 in salaries. So moved. Did you say 162? I think it was 152. It says it's 152 from fire, but it's 10,000 from the manager. Okay. It's up to 162,000. Okay. So has it been moved and seconded? Any further questions or comments? Hearing none. We'll take a vote. Grant. Yes. Aretha Daria. Yes. Sophie. Yeah. Yeah. Yes. Any record. Yes. Jones. Yes. Bill Keller. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Dean Carmen. Yes. And David McKenna. I'm sure it's someplace. David here. Yeah. David McKenna. He says yes. David McKenna. Yes. Okay. Thank you very much. I'll sign it and I'll scan it and send it to you tomorrow. Okay. Don't go away. Yes. I just wanted to be the 4 million in CARES money. That's been spent. Is there, can we get an accounting of where all that money went? Yeah, sure. I can give you reports. Yeah. Yeah. Thank you. One way to get that. I'm sorry. Might we get that? How about next week? That'd be fine. Okay. Thank you. Allen. Are you from Buddha or pest? Did you go to Budapest or Bucharest? You said Bucharest. Sorry. My mistake. Hungry. Oh, okay. Not so jealous then. I'm not jealous. That's it. Okay. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm sorry. I'm not jealous. That's it. Okay. Thank you. Thank you very much. Thank you. Okay. So. Oh, That was a good trip. It's weird that Buddha is on one side and pest is on the other. They brought it together. So like Boston game. Did you go to the bats? No. Didn't have a bathing suit. Okay. So the next item on the agenda is the, um, election of officers for next year beginning July 1st. So, um, Tara. Yes. On nominations. Uh, yes. So, um, can everyone see my screen? No. Hold on. Unless we all log in on. Yeah. Hold on a sec. Let me try to. Do this here. I see just as well. Well, That's not going to help a lot of. Wait for it. Do we have that as a document somewhere? No. I mean, it's in the drive. You know what actually. Yeah. Well, you know what, if someone else wants to share their screen. In the zoom meeting. I can show them where it. Where it is. Send it to everyone. Yeah. I'll send it to everyone right now. Can we just write it on the board? Like in the old. Yeah, I could do that. Where's the board? They can't see it on the screen. Oh, right. Right. Okay. Yeah. Well, can you all on this on the virtual zoom? See my screen. They can see it. So I can just write it up on the board. Yeah. Okay.  That's fine. We're not. I get up at 230. Why are you getting. like all the emails, like send them at six and then everyone thought it was up to six or whatever. I just had to be there. So I turned the clock on my computer or something. It's hard work. Scheduling.  I got programmed to wake up at 3 o'clock in the morning. So I had a phone. Oh my God. I'm sorry. What am I going to do? So hot. How. Our tour went from Amsterdam to Louis best. 15 days. 68 walks. Yeah. It's unbelievable. I just sent it. And I will also write it on the board. Actually, I don't know if we're supposed to write on that board because it looks like a. Yeah, you can write on it. Are you sure? Yeah. It looks like a smart book. Do you see the pins? Oh, okay. Try it on the bottom. Yeah. This is an arm building. You know what? I don't think the officer in this building is going to shoot her over writing on the screen. I don't think that this is a. It's just, it's just like an eraser. It's not like a board. All right. So nevermind. Okay. Yeah. I can just announce it. Yeah. Okay. Okay. So, so far for. Officer nominations, we've received for chair. Christine Dashler, Dean Carmen. And Annie LaCorte. And then for vice chair, we've seen, we've received. Christine Dashler, Dean Carmen. Annie LaCorte, Alan Jones, George Cozer and Daryl Harmer. Does anyone else have any other nominations? That they would like to share before nominations are closed. That's the next. Okay. So no more nominations. So nominations are closed. Yes. Yes. So at this point, anyone who has been nominated now has the opportunity to decline their nomination. Okay. So Dean is withdrawing his nomination from both. Chair and vice chair. Okay. So. What's that? I need to withdraw my nomination from chair, but I would like to remain as nominated to be a vice chair. Okay. So to reiterate that for everyone. For chair, we have Christine Dashler as a candidate for vice chair. We have Annie LaCorte. Alan Jones, George Cozer and Daryl Harmer. We also have Christine Dashler, but we're going to vote on chair first. So she'd be removed. If she wins this now on. She could step down. That's true. Okay. Okay. So we have. So. We were going to do a. Confidential paper vote, but I think if we have one candidate. We can do a voice vote. Yeah. Go ahead. Speech. Okay. Yeah. So, okay. So nominations are closed. Okay. So we're going to do it with what raised hands or something. Just, yeah. All in favor of. Okay. So all in favor of Christine Dashler as chair of the finance committee.  I don't. Oh yeah, there's Christine's hand. Okay. Great. Okay. Great. Okay. So. Congratulations. Congratulations. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you all. Very humble. Okay. So the next one, we will actually do. So. Balance. Let me do the following here. We've got those little. Had a paper. So the remote people can send an email to Tara. I'm going to give each person three sheets of paper. Does everyone on zoom have my personal email address? The Gmail. Tara W Bradley at Gmail. Cool. Does everyone have a pen? Oh, perfect. I have some writing utensils. I could send you an email. Yes. You could send me an email. I would like to share a pen with someone. What do we do with TVs? Because they're, they're. Sorry. What's your email? It's a, it's Tara W Bradley. At Gmail. I can just send you an email, Darrell. Okay. Send you an email. Yes. Send me an email. I would like to share a pen with someone. I would share. I would share. What do we do with TVs? Because they're. Sorry. What's your email? It's a, it's Tara W. Bradley. I would like to share a pen with someone. I would like to share a pen with someone. I would like to share a pen with someone. I would like to share an email, Darrell. One name on each. One name on each sheet. Yeah. That's what you say. Oh, I see what you're doing there. Okay. Yeah. Darrell. Allen. And George Crocer, right? Right. Yes. Four options. Three seats. The word. Still attached to spend a little. No one can email me. Yes. So who are the, who are the candidates now? Darrell, George, Alan Jones and Annie. Actually, can I have some paper for them? Where is the ballot box? Right here. Yeah. They're emailing me. Well, I guess I can just do it. Thanks. Okay. You sent the email. Yeah. Yeah. Just missed. What's that? Who's that there? Thank you. Thank you. Right here. Thank you. Right here. Thank you. Okay. Let me just. Let me just grab a pen. Sorry. This is kind of a. Kind of a mess here. You gathered that as well organized. Okay. I'm ready. I just sent mine. Oh, I'll go in the other room.  No, we have to finish my A dare this power has a concert. No. Oh, yeah, all the way down, all the way from Instagram, down the line, off in the main canals. Do we know that George Cozer wants this position? No. That'll teach him to not show up. That was like, you know, he was the one talking about being retired and stuff. So look, public company, public company, the word governing 101, when they both got it every time, told me in the browser. Because it will return from the browser on the audience. It is a time-monitored engine, right? Any problem? It's the same thing here. Awesome. How are you? 1,100? That's what you want. That's, I just want to say out, it's view of being a son, it's the view of being a son. Oh, yeah. Oh, I'm sure you did. You don't have to do stuff off. The trick is, the trick is to First of all, one of the things I want to say is, gee, do we go by the road bridge of Lagann? Yeah, or one or two. Well, the reason we're going to Lagann is just a couple pillars in that trail. And yes, you said we'll go by the three points to scratch that. Which bridge was this? What bridge? The bridge of Lagann. Oh, the one's the L.A. Scott. Yeah, great movie. I'm sorry? That was a great movie. Yeah. There's a movie? Bridge too far. No, that was the British paratrooper effort. I know. Right, Martin Gruden. I feel like I spent my whole childhood watching old World War II movies. Well, they weren't old at the time, but I thought they were old because I was 10 on the four puffin. Like I could probably name 10 films that I saw. We're all about World War II on the four puffin. Okay, I'm going to recap them just really quick. Just to make sure. How close is it? I was close enough. I just want to be, you know, I just want to be thorough. Okay, it's only eight o'clock at the end of the hour. Mr. Surrey, say, we just need you to find 10 more votes. I was going to say, can I write down a group of power that some people would have liked to have? Just sway it off. Yeah. I love watching old World War II movies that were made during the war. Some of them are really interesting. They don't meet the politically correct. No, but they show the political. Even the cartoons were. What is interesting, because it's of Facebook, the TAM, you know, fighting off the Japanese at a bridge. Everybody died. But in terms of what? No, this is the TAM, the movie for TAM. It was Robert Taylor. You know, they got knocked off one at a time. But if you're looking at racial aspects of a movie, this was really interesting to watch. This is one black guy in South African, you know, trooper or something like that. And he's always separate.  That's because when this movie is played in the South, he's eliminated. I'm not sure, but he's maybe not eliminated, but de-emphasized when they had Wina Horne sing in other movies, she was always separate. So when the movies were made down south, they were cut back. It's, it's like two, three days in Normandy last month. And I want to go back to see if the World War II so Yes. Now, do you want to like a tour or did you do it yourself? No, we did a tour. We decided we liked to do most of the things ourselves. This one was a tour. We got a very high recommended tour group. So we got up to Bayer, Bayer, yeah. And then from there, it was going to hold a favorite movie tonight of two of our guys. You know, in certain movies, there's also, you know, these things from books. Okay, we have a runoff. We have a runoff. Oh, really? Yeah. Okay. So Alan Jones won, Gerald Harmer won. And we have eight and eight for La Courte and Cozer. So we need to do it again. Right? Okay. So I have 35 and there's one person I know who only voted for two people. So do you know who it is? We can force them to vote. Um, so do we want to do it again between the two? Okay, let's get some more sticky notes around. Okay. So everyone on Zoom, it's, if you could just send me an email with either Annie La Courte's name or Joer, Cozer's name for the special runoff thing we're doing now. Okay. Hello. Bye. Yep. Bye. Annie, that one. Yep. Everybody else here. I try not to. Yeah. Thank you. I'm honest, if you don't, on behalf of Dave, thank you. Here's your pen back. Thank you. Thank you. Yes. Oh, thanks. Yeah. Thank you. Next time we'll do ranked choices. That's too large. Repeat on nine o'clock. Thank you. Not necessary. Is that everyone in person? You got it. Okay. And then, um, I believe I am still waiting for one person online to do it. No, I'm not going to do it. I'm going to wait for another one. So there's that. There was both the same time, so that's sort of a problem. So Dave, that's a nice piece to say. Also, I'm going to have your last, uh, the last week of the first one. Yeah, me too. Of course, it doesn't have all the pressure of the police. Oh, I know. You know, we're discussing, uh, so much more. Enterprise. Perhaps the 3D that we do on 2D. So how are you doing? I'm doing okay. But I know that was going to be the last chin to get to the house. I wish they could have done that. We did a lot of work on the house. We did a lot of work on the house. Like tools done. Yeah, that's fun. Also, we have the sound shift. I'm going to read it this time. Oh, we'll get you that. Yeah, we'll get you that. Yeah, we'll get you that. We'll get you that. We'll get you that. Yeah, oh, we'll get you that. Not at the same place. 15 minutes after we got there. But are you going to cave or a ranch? Can you get that right? Neither of us. We have a cave. We'll turn it into a gourmet wall. Oh, the grave. Okay. 20 years ago. Let's correct that. It's a good place. That one was really nice. Oh, the view. It was a beautiful night. It was. It may have been a cave. Oh, I don't know how long ago that was. Yeah, it was. Yeah, yeah. If it was during the over, did you think there was something? You may have seen it. We were still looking. I think it could be primarily. But it's a fully allowed. But you're going to get the okay thing, whatever. Take out the book or hang out. I think it was a cave when I was there. The place next door. And you haven't been in my house for a long time, I think it was around a time. Did you have that in this process? Is that? Oh gosh, no, we've already, we've already done the upstairs. I mean, yeah. I think so. I care a lot. It's quite a while. Yeah. Okay. I did mind not miss the beach. We need the girls. I don't know if it was 2006 or 2007. Okay. We have a result now. It's Annie. Okay. Congratulations. Thank you. We're good. Okay. We didn't tell George. He might not want it. He didn't get what he didn't want. Congratulations. Yeah. Thank you. Yeah. Yes. Okay. So we have voted for officers. We've approved the minutes. And we have spent 210,000. 200. How much did we vote on that? 162. 160,000. Where's that? 200. 200, okay. Okay. And the one on the left side is 262. 262. Yeah. And I want to hope because we didn't spend a large chunk of that $4 million on stuff that we didn't need to. Oh. Are you kidding? Probably half of it's been spent on stuff we didn't need. So we could have spent more. Okay. So I think our business this evening is over. It's had to be centered on certain things. Yes. Before we vote. Okay. Okay. People have a clue. Yeah. Justine. Can we just because... So let me tell you why I'm going to say it. So I'm hearing... I'm starting to get rumbling back. It's just like we're maybe thinking about a spring of 2023 override. And the people who are going to plan the override are almost certainly not going to wait until the spring to start working on it. To start working on it now. So over the summer. So can we, and as we know, let's just give you tradition, right? They're going to ask the chair, the finance committee and the vice chairs, someone to be a co-chair in the campaign. So just around the same page. Can we just go over the rules of supporting candidates versus supporting overracks? Because one's okay and one's not. And I'm going to draw on the same page. So the... First of all, I honestly can't recall. I think we did. We've always voted as a committee, right? Yes. On whether or not we supported an override position. Right. Yeah. And there's no restriction. And by the way, it's a practical restriction, not a bylaw restriction. But there's never been any restriction on finance committee members supporting referenda. But there are four statewide candidates. But there's always been a restriction in practice of finance committee members supporting local candidates. So I think, you know, for my position, hopefully that's the way we'll continue. I think that's pretty fair. That's been our tradition. It's probably written in... Is that written in the policy manual? I believe so. It's also a great excuse. It is. So you can sort of duck touching situations. So the one other thing, D, you usually make your motion with respect to transfers. But just in case something else needs to happen. I didn't do this already. That's fine. So I move on again. No, no, no, no. I move with any. I don't know what the word is. Material and consequential like that. No, I think as I recall, the motion is that any required transfers from the reserve fund up to $10,000 can be authorized by the chair alone. And 50,000 with the vice chair. 50,000 with the vice chair. Yeah. So from the beginning of the fiscal year, July 1, the next time the finance committee convenes, we need to make an appropriation out of the reserve fund. I move that the chair allowed to unilaterally be able to make transfers up to $10,000 out of the reserve fund. And then with the authority of one other vice chair, make a transfer out to $50,000 out of the reserve fund. This is the second two vice chair. Two vice chair. Yeah. Okay. It's been moved and seconded. Did you have all that? Yes. Okay. Any further discussion? Hearing none. The vote is in order. Greg Dimion. Yeah. Brian, a brief in the area. Yes. Sophie. Yes. Harold. Yeah. Any record? Yes. Allen Jones. Yes. Teller. Yes. Allen Tosti. Yes. Christine Dishler. Yeah. Norman. Yes. And David McKenna. Yes. The vote is unanimous. Great. So having taken care of all the major business of the evening, a motion to adjourn is in order. Second. All in favor? Aye. Aye. There are no objections for adjourning.


The next item of business is topical questions. In order to get as many people in as possible, I'd be grateful for succinct questions and responses. Question number one, I call Siobhan Brown. Thank you, Presiding Officer. To ask the Scottish Government what discussions it has had with the UK Government regarding lorry driver shortages and the related fuel shortages. Cabinet Secretary, John Swinney. Presiding Officer, the Scottish Government has repeatedly requested the need for urgent action to be taken regarding the shortage of HGV drivers, with the Minister for Just Transition, Employment and Fair Work writing to the UK Government in July pressing this issue. That is why we have also said to the UK Government that we want them to move to a 24-month temporary worker scheme to enable us to tackle the deeper issues that are at stake here. Scottish Government officials have maintained regular dialogue with their UK Government counterparts on the issue, which has been exacerbated by Brexit. The Minister for Transport is discussing the issue today with the UK Government's parliamentary under-secretary state at the Department of Transport. Siobhan Brown. I thank the cabinet secretary for that response. Given the recent comments from NFUS chief executive Scott Walker, who pointed out that the whole Scottish food and drink supply chain has been highlighting the crisis and solutions needed for many weeks now, does the cabinet secretary agree with me that the sidelining of Scotland through the temporary visa scheme is yet more proof of the utter disdain in which Scotland's interests are treated by the Tory Government in Westminster? The comments by Scott Walker have been echoed by James Wethers, the chief executive of Scotland Food and Drink, who has indicated that the measures that were announced by the United Kingdom Government at the weekend were too little and too late. We have been indicating for some considerable time—indeed, back to the whole debate about the EU referendum in 2016—that if we lost access to free movement of individuals, there would be a significant and negative impact on the Scottish economy. That is exactly what is happening now because of the options and choices made by the United Kingdom Government. The damage that is being done to critical sectors, valuable sectors in the Scottish economy, seafood, fish processing sectors—to name just two—and agricultural sectors into the bargain are willful examples of the neglect in the decision making that has been arrived at by the United Kingdom Government. The Conservative Government has been facing repeated warnings that the immigration system would also damage another important sector in Scotland, including leaving a vital social care sector critically short of staff. While migration powers are still reserved to Westminster, can the cabinet secretary outline what urgent action needs to be taken to fix the migration system that works for all parts of the UK? That is a substantial point in the question that Siobhan Brown asked me, because we are facing acute shortages of labour in a range of sectors in the Scottish economy. Siobhan Brown mentioned the social care sector. That is an important sector in which it is difficult to recruit the necessary numbers of staff to support the patients and the individuals that we require to support. That is because of the choices that have been made in the implementation of the Brexit agreement and particularly the abolition of free movement of individuals. We are arguing that the previous European temporary leave-to-remain scheme should be implemented immediately to allow EU citizens to stay and work in the UK for up to three years. In addition to the proposals that I set out in my earlier answer in relation to the steps in relation to recruitment of staff, we need to have active measures that will overcome the damage done by the abolition of free movement and we need that action to be undertaken immediately by the United Kingdom Government, recognising that immigration and migration are reserved issues. The cabinet secretary will be aware that qualifying as an HGV driver is expensive and that prevents many young people from entering the profession. Once they have qualified, they find it hard to get a job because the insurance premiums are eye-watering for young drivers. If he is looking at ways of training young people to enable them to become HGV drivers and speaking to insurance companies about their premiums, especially for smaller companies that do not have the economies of scale to make those manageable for young drivers. As Rhoda Grant will know, the Government has a range of financial measures in place that support the training and recruitment of individuals. The transition training fund is designed to support individuals with additional costs that can specifically support them to gain particular qualifications and to enter particular sectors. That is one of a range of options in addition to the variety of other education and training opportunities that we have available. I will take away her point in relation to insurance costs and explore what the Government can do in that respect. Fundamentally, we have to recognise that the challenges that we face and the many challenges that we face are about the acute shortage of labour that comes out about as a consequence of the decisions and choices that have been made around Brexit. To ask the Scottish Government what its response is to reports of staffing shortages at the Queen Elizabeth university hospital in Glasgow, leading to health professionals warning about patient safety. Staffing levels in Scotland's NHS are at a record high after an increase of over 5,000 whole-time equivalent staff in the last year. NHS Scotland's workforce is now grown by more than 20 per cent under the Government. Since March 2020, the number of nursing and midwifery staff in NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde has increased by 800. Nevertheless, I fully acknowledge the extremely challenging circumstances in NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde and across the NHS across the country. A range of further interventions are now actively being taken forward and deployed within the service to support existing capacity. That includes provision of additional targeted flexibility, streamlining recruitment processes and bringing forward planned recruitment. For example, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde advised me that it has taken steps to bring on board 670 newly qualified nurses. Of that, 573 are already in post and the remaining 97 will start as soon as the registration is processed and complete. I would like to place on record my thanks to those who are joining to support our NHS during this challenging period, as well as the wider workforce that has shown extraordinary commitment during the pandemic. The report from the weekend did make for grim reading, with 339 warnings of understaffing logged at the hospital since 2019, 55 near-miss incidents, where there was a potential for a patient to be harmed due to staff shortages. That is apparently just the tip of the iceberg, with one clinician saying that the system that is being used to log those warnings is complex—the Datech system—and the 339 figure could easily be doubled. They also state that there were two nurses for 28 patients when there should be six. Does the cabinet secretary believe that that is acceptable, and will he apologise to the staff that are working under those conditions? I will take on board the comments raised by Ms Webber and the staff. I read the article on the complexity of the Datech system. The Datech system provides incredibly useful feedback for hospital management and, of course, for us in government. I would encourage staff to continue to report any issues on that system. However, I have been able to do and highlight, I hope, in my first answer to Ms Webber, that where there has been a problem identified around understaffing, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde has taken action. In fact, 670 newly qualified nurses, some of them already recruited some of them starting in the coming days and coming weeks. Of course, we will continue to make sure that, as we have done as a Government, this NHS has a record staffing levels. Workforce planning issues are nothing new, and Covid has brought its obvious challenges. However, that has been a problem under this Government for some time. Despite the action that we have heard from there, last week, the GMB union said that there was already an understaffing crisis in our ambulance service pre-Covid. In the report at the weekend, a clinician said that Nicola Sturgeon reduced the number of nursing training places a decade ago, and those people would be skilled now and be able to work now in the NHS. Warnings were given at that time. Will the cabinet secretary stop hiding behind Covid to mask the issues that were already present in the NHS and finally accept that it is the Government's lack of action that has compounded the current NHS staffing crisis? I will deal with some of the inaccuracies from Ms Webber. In terms of NHS Scotland, we have the highest staffing levels ever in the NHS, 20 per cent increase under this Government. If I look at NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, all staff is up, qualified nurses and midwives up 9.1 per cent, consultants up 46 per cent, emergency medicine consultants up 220 per cent, obstetrics and gynaecologist consultants up over 36 per cent, GPs up over 10 per cent. Ms Webber can try all the spin in the world. It does not detract away, of course, from the facts that exist. Under our stewardship of the NHS, we do not only have record staffing levels, but we have the best-paid staff anywhere in the UK. I will stand proudly on this Government's record of funding and staffing the NHS, compared with her party's record of curing public services, not being remotely as generous as we have been to NHS staff and, of course, over a decade of austerity. Forgive me, Presiding Officer, I am not going to take lectures from the Conservatives on staffing and funding our NHS. Before I take a supplementary on this question, could I please remind members that we are very tight for time and succinct questions and responses would be appreciated? Does the cabinet secretary agree with me that NHS and other public sector staff have done a remarkable job during the pandemic? The comments from Sue Webber MSP prior to the election suggest that public sector staff like nurses should have their pay cut by 20 per cent through salary sacrifice to match those in furlough would seriously undermine recruitment of NHS staff and other key workers. I agree incredibly that Ms Webber forgot to mention those remarks during her question. I hope that she will apologise for that. I noted that she called it a policy of salary sacrifice. I will tell you what this SNP Government will continue to ensure that NHS workers and social care workers continue to be paid—the best paid—in the rest of the UK. What Ms Webber's abhorrent comments about NHS workers shows is one thing in public and another thing in private. To ask the Scottish Government for its response to reports that staff shortages and a new criminal record system in Police Scotland is risking dangerous criminals being left on the street. It is true that Police Scotland is investing a new technology that supports transformative change away from legacy systems and provides staff with tools that will help to improve the recording of criminal records. The programme of change has resulted in a restructuring and regrading of roles in criminal justice services division, which has the support of trade unions representing police staff. While that change is an operational decision for the chief constable, I met with Unison earlier today and they confirmed their support for the organisational changes. However, it is vitally important that Police Scotland works closely with trade unions and affected staff to support them through this period of change. Russell Findlay, for our last year's budget, Police Scotland said that £85.7 million in capital funding would deliver significant transformative benefits in areas, including ICT, but the Scottish Government provided them with at least £30 million less than that. Cabinet Secretary, is that not the real cause of those problems? No, as I have mentioned, the changes that are being taken forward by Police Scotland are part of driving forward the efficiencies that we expect to see from a single police force. The real source of problems in terms of financing is the Tory Government, which has had its 30 budgets for 10 years and has not matched the funding for new police officers that we have in Scotland and has not matched the pay of police officers that we have in Scotland. That is the structural problem that undermines the ability for us to fund to a greater extent the police. However, last year, we have increased funding to £60 million. Last year, £75 million this year, that is a Government committed to supporting its police force, unlike the Conservatives. Russell Findlay, I know something about the integrity of police systems having reported on Bill Johnston, an innocent man allocated an extensive criminal record on the police computer. Mr Johnston spent more than a decade seeking justice and answers, but doors remained closed. He could not get a straight answer from your predecessor, so can the cabinet secretary give a clear undertaking today to finally provide him with the full explanation that he deserves? It is not really related to the question switcher before me, Presiding Officer, but I would say to the member that if he wants to write to me with the issues that he has raised and to extend that it is possible to do so, I will try to respond to him with the question that he has raised. That is not part of the question before us. The question before us was about the funding and the support for the police, and we have shown that over successive years. We have more police officers here than we do elsewhere, 32 police officers for every 100,000 people in Scotland, and 23 for everyone in England and Wales. We are the ones that support the police in this country, and it would be good if the Conservatives, instead of trying to undermine the police, the justice system and even the lawd advocate could get behind a justice system for once. Statistics published today show that recorded crime in Scotland remains at one of the lowest levels in nearly 50 years. Can the cabinet secretary outline how measures outlined in the programme for government will build on this good progress and help to keep Scotland safe? The programme for government lays out the fact that we have committed to protecting the police resource budget in real terms for the entirety of this Parliament. We increased the SPA's resource budget by 5.2 per cent for 2021-22 to more than £1.3 billion, and that has for the first time eliminated Police Scotland's structural deficit since its formation. We have also committed to introducing legislation in this parliamentary term to change the way that imprisonment is used with consultation on initial proposals relating to bail and release from custody law this autumn. That will be underpinned by investment in a substantial expansion of community justice, supporting diversion from prosecution alternatives to remand and community sentencing, which evidence shows is more effective at reducing offending. However, it is not just about reducing crime, we are determined to protect victims as well. This year we will launch a new funding programme to provide practical and emotional support to victims, survivors and witnesses of crimes across Scotland.


What's up everybody Jason here for jasky's case brace calm 2021 panini flawless basketball two box case break pick a teams number 19 Just sold out. We're also giving back six hundred dollars in break credit And again, just please know guys if we were to pull the highly rare I don't know if it's still out there or not But like a LeBron triple local man that has three different teams on it We'll discuss the options with all the partial owners if the card is applicable Of course jasky's doesn't do any majority rules and I think for that card specifically We're talking that kind of card think Yeah, Daniel has the calves Lakers Andrew O'Neill and he Andrew Roth. So yeah, we could do that too. I don't know But again, if you bought a straight-up team guys you have an opportunity of course to win some money So only teams purchase right up get entered top to get 300 bucks back in break credit. So good luck We have three round of number blocks. We had to do guys three of them This one was the first one with okc phoenix and the rest of the teams This one is Detroit Chicago and this one is sacrament on New York Knicks and Milwaukee But that and no a tar knowledge bull bug. No, it's either hiding in someone's safe already in the bank or something you know security security box something like that or It could still literally be hiding in one of these cases I'm just getting confirmation if I could post up another one or not So it could be tonight or we're holding it for another day or two. I don't know Just stock the website Be a stalker Like to peek but I like to just put the hard covered up so I don't see it And usually the diamond is on the right side or left side The card is actually on the right side I bet you would be on your imagine. I'm on the next flight. You guys good luck First one is Jamal Murray seven out of 20 member of course beautiful patches here The majority of them are usually all game used game worn material So they go Denver Nuggets who has a Denver Nuggets that is Ken Goldberg We have a Mark Aguirre 13 out of 15 Dude Maxi is a baller man. I feel like he's gonna get so much better and having James Hardin on the team now with Joel and beat both of them Dallas Mavericks Andrew O'Neill and a DeMonte Sabonis 15 of 15 for the Indiana Pacers That is part of the R&B and of course spot five Rolando there you go We have a Puku for my thunder 11 oh, it's not like in Spanish Aguirre. It's a They said is it differently? Yeah, that's how that's how my cousin's last names are literally pronounced, but okay Puku thunder okc 11 The ball brother that we probably don't want well a mellow, right? two out of five two out of five Lonzo ball that is a pelicans edition Lonzo pelicans When Androni Isaac Acoro 18 out of 25 For the Cleveland Cavaliers going to Daniel Daniel G. We have a Larry Bird 10 out of 15 for the Boston Celtics going to Daniel 15 Obi-Toppin for the Knicks It was very lengthy 5 out of 15 New York Knicks is part of the Knicks R&B 5 Gretchen I believe Yes, there you go Gretchen. I Have no idea where the sirens at Aaron. It's somewhere in the store And I know Mike was using it like as a prop or something out there I've got a flawless looks like green and emerald Jason Tatum 4 out of 5 diamond 4 out of 5 Boston Celtics going to Daniel very nice We have a James Wiseman 25 out of 25 rookie autograph Very nice, and that's going straight up to Gretchen just bought that right I think Nick had just created like the R&B or something and then bought it So we had to take him out of the Detroit R&B, but there you go Gretchen Rookie autograph James Wiseman, and that is just the first briefcase right there. We got one more I haven't run any immaculates Jonathan because they are tied into a couple fillers if you look on the website, buddy So immaculate football and immaculate basketball are not sold out yet technically You can pay to sell out those fillers where we're giving away spots. It's always right next to the break for the most part So I haven't run any immaculate tonight. You know what drama Ryan has been linked a lot with With James Wiseman, I feel like they're almost all the same sometimes All right, we got to buy his Harris four out of five 76ers that is part of the R&B sixers for Dusty there you go We have a Gary Harris for the Denver Nuggets Denver Nuggets King over all of Robert already for the Lakers 15 out of 25 They might be in a random number and are in a hit draft maybe Lakers Andrew, I think I would assume each fall as briefcase and I was around 12 13,000 I assume not more three out of ten Daniel Turo The club show just beat down on those Lakers yesterday Joseph We have a RJ Hampton RPA two out of 15 Of course that's Denver Nuggets patch in there, but of course now in Orlando I usually tells right there game warren when he was a member of the Denver Nuggets Orlando magic Ken Goldberg there you go. We have a Wolt Fraser for the Knicks four out of 25 Sacramento four What a John Paul with that one We have a Ray Allen one out of three for Boston Boston Celtics. Thanks break for Daniel and Last but not least how about a little penny hardaway for the magic nine out of ten? My sister had a I think my sister actually still does have a little little penny. We'll find out Andrew. Good luck John Wall down that card has to be monstrous, right? I don't know trying to get a little nervous Houston Rockets Daniel G either that or we just didn't get a good case unfortunately, but This has to be a big card, right? Looks red. So it's gonna be out of 15. I think I recognize the hair It's Luca Donch. It's two out of 15 for the Dallas Mavericks Dallas going to Andrew O'Neill. Oh, unfortunately, no loa man in here Don't actually big RPA in the sense. I mean we got James wise and Lulu Although we did get some ice was there Ray Allen in there. There's a James Weisman sets a rookie there out of five Still looking for that lose of logo man out of flawless and of course in bigger bigger hits, of course That's it guys appreciate it. I do have another one I'm just getting confirmation if we're gonna post that up here if that's gonna be used for something else But if we are gonna use it here, I'll post it up soon so you can re grab some of your teams now remember of course We're gonna give away $600 in break credit They only make one of them Jazzy. So yeah, they're pretty rare The customer names have bought in straight up. All right, so there you go guys Top two get $300 in break credit. Let's roll it and we got ourselves a two and a six eight times. Good luck one two three four five six seven eight Derek and Andrew Congratulations, so I'll send you guys $300 each back in break credit. Appreciate it guys. Jasper's case race calm


Okay, so today I'm just going to talk about Siro's Trusted Data Repository Project. So I'll go through the aims of the project, some background about the Data Access Portal, the requirements for self-assessment as a TDR, gathering the evidence, applying for certification and also another aspect of our project was looking into hosting externally owned data. The aims of the Trusted Data Repository Project was to investigate certifying the Data Access Portal as a Trusted Data Repository, to develop a plan to implement changes to policies and procedures to support Siro business requirements and certification, to develop a plan to implement systems changes that may be required to the DAP infrastructure, to engage with external entities to host externally owned data as a test case and to prepare an application for certification. This is our Data Access Portal, so just a bit of background information of the repository and this will provide some of the context that relates to the first section of the application. So the Data Access Portal is currently an institutional repository and when we submitted our application, that's what we submitted our application as. The deposit is by self-service and is accessible to Siro staff using their institutional username and login. We have approximately 2,100 publicly available collections and storage of the data is over one petabyte. The subject matter includes a broad range of sciences with 17 of the 22 fields of research codes represented. The software and storage infrastructure of the DAP, which is what we term our Data Access Portal, are developed and managed by Siro Information Management and Technology. We have a data deposit checklist which ensures depositors consider key quality and legal issues prior to deposit. The science leader then approves the collection after assessing it for quality and legal issues. The repository, we offer a few different curation levels based on depositor needs, so the content can be distributed as deposited. We may offer some basic curation, brief checking or addition of basic metadata or enhanced curation such as conversion to new formats. The designated community or data users of the Data Access Portal are researchers, industry, policymakers, general public and students. The data users can download the majority of collections without a user login and a smaller number of collections will require registration to access the files. The requirements for self-assessment as a TDR. When we went through the process to help with understanding the 16 requirements of the self-assessment, we read other organisations' applications and considered the evidence they had used. Applications were the core trust seal and now open with certified repository applications available on their website. Applications that were useful to us in reading were danced as they're part of the secretariat of the core trust seal and have been involved in developing the requirements and also the UK Data Archives. They had a well-organised application with detailed evidence. To help with the next step of gathering and determining what evidence to use for sorrow an analysis was undertaken of the types of evidence used in a few of the published applications. We've included a list of references we use to inform our understanding of the requirements in the appendix of our report to ANTS. This will be published on their website. There also is a useful extended guidance document and webinar available on the core trust seal website that discusses the requirements and reviewers' expectations. Gathering the evidence. The certifying body have a preference for evidence that is public and we found this a major challenge. In this table are some examples of the evidence we used for the first part of the requirements which were organisational related from requirement 1 to 6. It gives an idea of new evidence we developed such as the mission statement also the difficulty with providing publicly available evidence. It also provides information about the departments we consulted for expert guidance within our organisation such as legal, business development and staff from within our own information and technology management and technology department. We have attempted to overcome the challenge with providing public evidence with the development of collection development principles, preservation principles and an update of the data management live guide. These provide a summary of the processes for requirements from 7 to 16 which covered digital object management and technology. These public documents are available from the SyroDap help page. So the next, what stage are we up to with applying for certification? So the data seal of approval seized applications in October 2017 and we missed this deadline. However our application was submitted with the core trust seal in February 2018 as part of their soft launch to test their system. Processing of our application will begin when the core trust seal legal entity is finalised. So we're currently waiting to pay the administration fee of a thousand euro and then our application will be processed. We found getting an account for the application management tool gave access to a staff member who promptly answered our questions and a word of warning once an application is submitted is locked. However we found the helpful staff member could amend a small error we had made. One aspect of our project looked at investigating policies, procedures and system changes to host externally owned data. So why was this part of our strategy? As an organisation we understand the value of new research possibilities in drawing together research data produced by organisations beyond Syro and across the research community. Also researchers from our Land and Water Business Unit are interested in investigating a trusted repository for water research data. This vision is to bring together nationally significant data from a wide range of organisations for the benefit of industry policy and research. So what did we implement as part of this part of the project? We defined the scope for accepting data in the collection development principles. For example data should be aligned with Syro's function as set out in section 9 of the Science and Research Industry Act 1949. Terms and conditions were developed into an agreement to be signed by the depositing organisation called the Data Deposit Conditions. Some example of the terms and conditions include that data is free from embargo. It has not previously been published with a DOI. Data is owned by the depositing organisation. Data complies with ethics, privacy, confidentiality, contractual licensing and copyright obligations and data will have a CC by licence applied. A data deposit form was developed for the data depositor to provide metadata. We developed some procedures for depositing externally owned data. The DAP is a self-service repository with access to a deposit by Syro staff only. So the research data service will liaise with external data owners to facilitate the deposit of data. The inner science CSIRO science leader with the main knowledge of the data will be the approver of the collection. This is part of the risk management framework that all public data collections in the DAP are subject to. It involves a check of the data quality and legal issues prior to publishing. So some future enhancements to the DAP include the ability to customise a collection landing page such as the addition of logos for external organisations, automation of the data deposit conditions within the existing DAP software and to develop a self-serve deposit interface for external organisations. We found that this project had some immediate benefits for us such as when applying for recommended repository status with journal publishers and funders. We've found that we had information ready to use to meet those requirements. And we've also had inquiries from researchers regarding publishing externally owned data and we now have a response with policies and procedures in place. So thank you. And there was a lot of people involved in this project within Syro. There's been too many to list but thank you to all of them as well.


Welcome, welcome everyone. You have made it to Pure Dog Talk Live at Five. Lightning round with Laura. And I am so excited you guys are here. Pure Dog Talk is the voice of purebred dogs where your passion is our purpose. So I wanted to make sure to drop a few links in the chat for you guys today. I know I'm not always really good at this multitasking thing, but I'm gonna give it my best shot. These are our sponsors who you should give some love. Hi, Isabel. If today we're talking about breeding programs, I'm not sure is this the topic, but if it does, I'd like to know about guardian programs. Okay, guardian programs are a thing we can talk about for sure, Isabel. Hi, Susan, great to see you. Just trying to get all of these links in here for you guys to show a little bit of love to our sponsors. These are the people who make it. So Pure Dog Talk exists, frankly.  This is real, not Memorex. So wanna make sure everybody has these. They're all on the Pure Dog Talk website, but this is quick and easy. So there we go, boom. All right, business out of the way. As always, don't forget, there is always a podcast for that. Tonight's topic is a live discussion and conversation about the dogmanship program, the section on breeding. Pardon me. Covered in this conversation is if and when to breed your dog. And we just had a question from Isabel about looking at guardian homes. So that's something we can talk about as well. An extended version of this particular presentation is slated for the NAVDA annual meeting next January, North American Versal Hunting Dog Association for any of you who might be attending that. This will be a continuation of this conversation. For more on this topic with some of our amazing Pure Dog Talk guests, you can always keyword search the archives of more than 500 episodes on the website, puredogtalk.com. Quick shameless plug listeners here can find it now. It's live up on the Facebook page, 2022 Pure Dog Talk patrons retreat and workshops. Hands on handler clinic, you guys. Everybody tells me I'm dying, I'm dying, I'm dying. I can't get one, I can't get one. Okay, well, I got one for you. We're coming to the Chicago suburbs. Workshops are set. Workshops themselves will be June 1st.  So the event is in the Chain of Lakes region, Northwest of Chicago. Details and sign up on the website. It is an amazing opportunity for us to all hang out together. All right, welcome everybody. Welcome, welcome, welcome. We are now into the concept of breeding programs. And I'm gonna see what I can do here. I'm smart enough. Smart enough is a big question. Yeah, no. Share the screen doesn't appear to be a thing that YouTube has to offer. Beardies and bullies, yeah, hey. I know, I'm super excited, Susan. I wish that you could be there as well. We'll keep working on it. Hi, hi in Ontario, Canada. Super glad to have you here. All right, so here we go. Breeding dogs is, as we all know, something of, to put it mildly, a passion project, right? And doing it well and better than average is something we all strive for. And there are some tools that we can use to accomplish that goal. No matter what type of breeding program we have, we can all use these same tools to achieve success. So number one, breeding pedigrees. This is sort of the theory side of breeding, right? Breeding pedigrees, breeding concepts, and health testing. And that's the first thing that we're gonna talk about. And you guys, go ahead, keep dropping the questions in. I'm gonna toggle back and forth between this presentation and the chat. So I don't feel like I have ignored you if I haven't gotten right back to you. And I wish I could share my screen, but YouTube Live has many features. That's not one of them. All right, reading pedigrees. Talking about how to look at the pedigree programs, talking about the coefficient of inbreeding. One of the nice things about many of the programs is that they use a color coding to highlight dogs that appear more than once in the pedigree. And many of these programs will also offer you a pedigree COI, right? So the coefficient of inbreeding is frequently shortened to COI. One of the great things about one of our sponsors, Embark, is if you Embark test both the sire and the dam of your litter, you will be able to get a predicted genetic COI based on the actual DNA. And then if you DNA test each of the puppies in your litter, you will be able to get an exact genetic DNA coefficient of inbreeding that will tell you exactly. And I think one of the things that many of us find sort of mind blown, right? Puppies in a litter do not all have the same COI. They don't all have the same genetics. And so when I did a half brother, half sister, a straight up inbreeding that I've been planning for quite some time, and I knew what the pedigree COI was, I knew what the estimated or expected genetic COI was gonna be, and I embarked each of the 13 puppies. And the actual COI in each of those puppies varied by as much as 10 basis points. So it's really, really important to look at some of the tools that are now available to us. And dog breeding has always been a little bit of art and a little bit of science, right? Science is coming to the forefront. And I don't want us to lose the art, but I want us to be able to make good use of the science. And so pedigree, genetic and actual COI is a very, very useful tool in our breeding program as we're going forward. One of the things that makes purebred dogs purebred is a level of inbreeding, right? That's what makes it purebred. Having a higher or lower level and how you use that and the healthy genes that you're doubling up on or the unhealthy genes that you're doubling up on, make an enormous difference in your breeding program going forward. So I think that's really, really critical to understand. Okay, how are we doing here? When to breed and why? What is your breed's function and will you be participating in that function with your dog? Absolutely a great, great topic, Susan. Also use the resources of older breeders who knew the dogs and they will also be able to talk about traits that genetic testing and COI does not give you. Susan, those are super phenomenal, absolutely phenomenal insights and ones that I think people should heed, okay? So like I said, this is an art and a science. And part of the art is finding your mentors and being able and willing to talk to a lot of different people, not just the same people all the time, not everybody has all the answers. I don't have all the answers. I think there are people that are smarter than me and there are people that, you know, could use some more talking to people. But the important part is that the more input you get, the more information you have to work with, the better able you are to create an answer that is your own and that is specific to your breeding program. So if you have a breed that had a historic purpose, for example, herding or hunting or whatever it might have been, companionship, right? Many of our breeds were companions. And so knowing what those are and participating with our dogs when we're able at that at some level in those historical functions is super important in terms of maintaining breed type. And if a golden retriever doesn't retrieve, just saying that's part of breed type. And it doesn't matter how pretty they are if they don't fulfill the basic function for which they were originally designed and for which most buyers will be seeking that skill set. So it's definitely something to keep in the back of your head. Okay, back to where we're going about pedigrees. You can see all kinds of different pedigrees. You've got the pedigree programs. You've got photo pedigrees. My mom used to hand write all of her pedigrees. I wish I could screen share and show you the photos of my mom's handwritten pedigrees. It just breaks my heart to this day. And then when we're talking about breeding dogs, we have to think about the process that we intend to follow. And it's ideal if you can create a plan and is your plan to do consistent inbreeding? Maybe that's not such a great idea. Consistent line breeding, that's probably pretty safe. Consistent outcrossing is really safe from a certain perspective in terms of health. You're not as liable to double up on a particular recessive. But at the same time, I can tell you from personal experience every single time I go out to get one thing, I get three things I did not want. So balancing those three breeding theories is absolutely critical to your mission in your breeding program and knowing what you will consider and what you won't and how you plan to get where you're going when you start is gonna be really important. And so this is a place where we can talk about the concept. Okay, so beardies and bullies, what are the concept behind the line breeding, inbreeding and outcrossing? Great question, just about to get to that. So totally ahead of me. So we're gonna start with that. Let's start with inbreeding, okay? So the most extreme on one side. Inbreeding is generally by most geneticists considered to be father, daughter, mother, son, brother, sister, half brother, half sister also. After that, there can be arguments. Is it then line breeding or inbreeding? I personally have had great success on many of the great breeding theories. If you read about Lloyd's bracket and if you read Pat Trotter's Born to Win book and all of these sorts of things, the tail female and the tail male line and all of that concept, you're generally talking about line breeding. And so an uncle niece. So I have Henry and sale or litter mates. Sale is bred to topper, which is a complete outcross. And I take one of those puppies and breed it back to Henry that was sales brother. That's an uncle niece breeding. Happened to be one of my most successful dogs, okay? So that's the basic concept of line breeding and line breeding can be tight, right? Like that, or it can be very, very loose where every dog that I've looked or not every dog, many of the dogs that I've used in outcrosses track back within three to five generations to a particular stud dog in my breed in German wire hair pointers. That was a dog called Cascade Rogue. He was a dual champion. He was a national field champion. He was a master hunter. He was a UT was all of these things. He was also and remains to this day and he's been dead for 20 years on the list of top producing sires of all time on show, hunt test and field trial lists. So that was a particular goal of mine. So this is what I'm saying. You can take that and build a breeding program from that. I want to find progeny that come down from Cade and have these other characteristics, okay? And then outcrossing is like what I did just recently. I have a young stud dog. He's from a very loose line breeding and I wanted to test him to test a theory of how he would do as a sire.  That's a real outcross. And so most successful breeders will use some combination of all three of these as they're moving towards a specific goal. So the most important thing is to have a goal. Do not just say, I want pretty ribbons. That's not your goal. Your goal is I want to make a Peruvian frog hound that has phenomenal ears, beautiful front, level back, perfect tail set, still hunts frogs and has no health problems, okay? Making things up. That's your goal. And then how you achieve that goal depends on what you start with.  Does she have those three, four things? Or does she only have two or one or however many, right? So which sires am I gonna bring in? Which sides of her pedigree are strong for which of these features? And this is where Susan's advice is critical. You as a new person will not be able to see all of the dogs that are in your pedigree. It's the beautiful thing about purebred dogs, right? This is history. This is art. This is time immemorial. You can't know all these dogs. But if you talk to the people that came before you, they saw these dogs and they can tell you. And if you can talk to more than one person that saw the same dog and get two different opinions, oh my God, what kind of heaven is that, right? And so that's what we're trying to build on. We're trying to build on this concept of I have a goal, I have a stated goal, I have written it down, I have cemented it in my brain.  I know what I want to improve upon in her, pick a thing. I know what I will not give on, what I will give on and what is not a concern, right? Those are the kinds of questions that need to be addressed as you are getting started, deciding if and when to breed your dog, male or female. We've had a lot of conversations. I was just recently talking to one of my mentees who's taking my breeding program and moving forward with it, somebody had contacted her about a stud dog that they were interested in using one of our stud dogs and they have this particular bitch and they sent the pedigree and they sent the health testing and as we spoke about this by mentee and I and looked at the particular dog, the dog herself was not a particularly great example of the breed. Okay, so she's a nice hunting dog, but she doesn't meet the breed standard particularly well. Her pedigree is average to maybe slightly below average and she herself has no titles. She has not proven herself in a titling situation. And one of the reasons we have titles, whether it's in the field or in the show ring is that I can say my dog is the most beautiful thing that ever walked and never missed a bird and points on two legs, but until six other people say that, it kind of doesn't matter what I say, right? I love my dog. I think it's great. So that's the point of titles. And then the final straw was this particular female's health testing was average at best. And so you pull all these things together and you say, am I gonna breed my dog to that female? Am I gonna breed my female who doesn't, who has these, these and these things? No, right? So those are the kinds of yes and no decisions that you're gonna start making as you start thinking about starting a breeding program. Okay, welcome, Matt Stelter. Great to have you here. It is the master breeder that knows just which tool to pull out of the tool chest in breed line breed outcross at each crossroads to move their program forward and then selection is critical. Hey, now, Matt, that is an absolutely fabulous point that I'm about to get to, but thank you for bringing it up now because that is absolutely mission critical, right? So I did this breeding because I wanted better upper arm return. Okay, but the dog in the litter that has the best upper arm return has the ugliest head and I just have a thing about heads and I couldn't possibly have an ugly head. And yet I did the entire breeding to get this one puppy that has this upper arm return that I was looking for. And why am I not keeping it? Because I'm stuck on whatever other thing. So selection, if you guys go back and listen to the podcast that I did with Cordmaker Pooley's unbelievable, absolutely imperative listening in terms of building a breeding program, keyword search it on the website, they're incredible. Susan, phenotype to phenotype versus genotype to genotype. Ooh, great question, super deep. Having done the most amazing breeding on paper, remember that what you see in the litter box may or may not produce what you expected. Oh, hell, isn't that the truth? So this is a really interesting sort of deep dive on this concept. And most of us, I would say breed on genotype. So for those of you who are not keeping up with a lingo here, I know that we get a little in the weeds sometimes. Genotype is the pedigree. That's what talks about the actual genetic involvement in each individual dog. Phenotype is what does the dog look like? And so I may have on pedigree, King Zeus from King Zeus from King Zeus from King Zeus. And that dog might look like Prince Toad, right? And so that's an important thing to keep in mind. When you make breeding decisions, whether you breed on a pedigree or whether you breed on dogs that look alike, no matter what their genetics are, no matter what pedigree is behind them, is in my opinion, sort of a personal decision. I personally am a genotype freak. I am a pedigree guru. I love it, I research it, I live and die by it. And yet I know there are lots and lots and lots and lots of people out there who breed on phenotype. I want a dog that looks like this. And this is what my dog looks like. I think this is what the breed looks like. I want another dog that looks just like this. My opinion of the short falling in that is that if you have a phenotype, a picture that you like in your mind, there are instances in which that picture in your mind has shortcomings. And if that's the only picture you ever have in your mind, all you're gonna do is make more of those same shortcomings. So if you wanna see a wire hair pointer that's got a super exaggerated top line and super upright and super almost terrier-esque in appearance, and you're just gonna keep breeding to that picture, that silhouette, pretty soon you're gonna have a one-dimensional dog. And I see this a lot, like a lot, a lot. And so that's why I am such a fan of genotype and breeding on pedigrees, breeding on paper. And no matter whether you breed by genotype or phenotype, it doesn't matter. What you get may not match what you expected.  It's so cool. So that I think is so important to keep in mind as we decide, again, am I gonna breed my dog? Should I breed my dog? Should I breed my dog? Should I breed my bitch? Understand that master breeders, as Matt was mentioning, we all make plans, we all have things that we've been planning for five, 10, 20 years that when it lands on the ground, you're like, that didn't work. And welcome to Mother Nature.  I can give you a perfect example. I had way back in the day, a very fabulous dog that I loved very much that for a variety of reasons, I had one frozen semen breeding on the dog been dead for years. And it was a particular pedigree piece that I really desperately wanted to bring forward because I like so many things about it.   She was Winner's Bitch at the National. She was Dual Futurity, a winner. So she won both the show and the Field Futurity.  I thought she had great potential. She'd had two phenomenal litter spread live cover. Great, great, this is gonna be awesome. And so I thought out the one and only breeding to this dog in the universe. And I spend billions of dollars to have it shipped to my vet, to have it surgically inseminated to my dog, and she has one puppy. So we can talk about the joys of dog breeding. So my frozen semen surgical implant single 10 C-section puppy who absolutely is 110% not what I wanted. He's neutered and he lives in my backyard. Welcome to it, people. And I've been doing this for a really long time. Yes, and Susan, you are right. That's what I was mentioning earlier. Each puppy is its own genetic miracle or lack thereof. So when you have one, it's a little depressing, particularly when it's not the genetic miracle you're hoping for. Hi, Bethany. Oh my gosh, all the way from Australia. So excited to see you. I'm so glad you guys are able to join us. Had your old boy tested. The vet said his sperm was not quite good enough to freeze due to his age. He thinks we would have had a good chance with life cover any way to increase the sperm quality. Oh my goodness, this is a great, great question, Bethany. So go back, go back on the website. You're gonna need to do a keyword search on the Pure Dog Talk website. And I did a series of four interviews with the people at a particular frozen semen company, sorry, my brain. And they talk a lot about that. There are some things, green-lip muscles, I can't remember all of them off the top of my head. But if you go back and do a keyword search for stud dog, you're gonna find a variety of different topics and they were gonna give you some of that information. And oftentimes, yes, life cover is gonna do a lot better. Here's another little known topic except to me. Not every dog freezes. Not every dog freezes and ask me how I know. Some dogs simply do not extend. Their semen does not jive with the extender in either fresh chilled or frozen. And I have lost out on a number of really, tragically, really great stud dogs over the years because they had semen that did not extend. So my best advice, Marty Greer's best advice, everybody from every semen or bank I can talk to, freeze them young, freeze them early. I don't care if they've had their health testing, collect them at like 18 months old. If their health tests are crap, dump it. It doesn't matter. Do the collection and have it available because if you try to collect that fabulous dog when they're 10 years old and somebody wants to breed to them 10 years later, you're not gonna have it. So vitamin E and increased protein, yes. Bethany, honestly, without going back and listening, I'm just gonna say go find those episodes. I know Greenlit Muscle is one that they use and recommend from a number of the sites here. So you can get more information on those previous podcasts. Yes, Pernum Muscle, there you go, Susan. Some interesting studies on cold pressed wheat germ oil. Interesting, that's a good one. Yes, Matt, they really do struggle with extender. Trust me, I've had one, two, three, four. Four really important stud dogs, sadly, all in the same line, all dun, dun, dun, dun, dun. And none of them extended, none of them froze, none of them could be fresh chilled. I had one particular dog that was so tragic. He, every time you put his swimmers in an extender, they just kind of rolled over and died. And so the woman that desperately wanted to breed to him drove from Michigan to North Dakota. And the woman who owned him drove from Seattle to North Dakota and they met and their dogs had sex on a motel six bed and they went their separate ways. So I'm just saying the tragicness is real. And, you know, Marty Greer makes some good points in some of the episodes I've done with her recently that we as dog breeders have got to pay attention to this because it's genetic. And when I say I had four dogs that didn't extend that were all related, I'm talking father, son, grandson, half brother, like for real. So it is absolutely mission critical that we pay attention to that stuff and really try to make great choices about the dogs that we use in our breeding programs. And that is a consideration, free-welping. Will the semen freeze? Are they a natural whelper? Are they a natural breeder? You know, all of those things too often as breeders we get wrapped up in, put it as a best in show. It was ranked number one. It's really beautiful.  So that's something to consider. And I think it's absolutely important that we consider it.  And I had strictures and I had whatever weirdness and all this.  And so these kinds of discussions and considerations are absolutely imperative as you go forward and think about your breeding program. Okay, really beautiful. Okay, sorry, momentary pause. Keep sending the questions, you guys. This is fabulous. I'm gonna go back here and talk about this a little bit. All right, so we talked about inbreeding, I think we went through my entire thing without even looking at my notes. Oh, here's one. This is super important. Listen up, kids. Health testing, healthy dogs. Right, before we do health and temperament, health and temperament, health and temperament.  If it bites me and has seizures, I'm not breeding to it. Pausing to let that sink in. Health and temperament. If you don't wanna live with it, nobody else does. If it's gonna die early, why? I don't care how pretty it is. Pay attention, health and temperament are the single most important decisions that you will make. Because 50%, 90%, however many percent of your puppies aren't gonna go be best-in-show dogs.  And they need to be healthy and they need to be temperamentally sound. And yes, temperament is genetic. There's podcasts for that too.  And you can go to the OFA website. You can pick whatever it is. I'll just use thyroid in Wear Hair Pointers is my big bugaboo. And you can go to the page of the dog that you're considering on the OFA website, okay?   And you pull that up and it is going to show you the dog that you're considering, what his result was, what his siblings were, what his offspring were. And it will do that for three generations on that one page and it will continue back. And anybody who listened to the interview I did with Jimmy Moses, I thought it was brilliant. I thought it was absolutely genius. And talking about hips and German Shepherd dogs and what have you and that he would rather breed to a mild or a moderately dysplastic dog from a family of dogs, not just a siren dam, a family. The breadth of the pedigree was good or excellent than he would to breed to an excellent dog that the breadth of the pedigree was all fair and dysplastic. That is so important. And it is absolutely critical to use the tools that we have at our fingertips today that we didn't used to have. Use them, they're there for this purpose, okay? The Vertical Pedigree System at OFA's website is one of the greatest gifts to dog breeders that exist today. Okay, what do we got here? And some, okay, so Susan's saying some breeds extend better, agreed. All right, okay. New extender, pure pup, interesting. There's a lot, and that's actually a really good point, Susan, and one that you'll hear discussed in some of these previous podcasts. There are different brands of semen extender moving back to this concept of extending your dogs in either fresh or frozen. ICSB, ICG, clone, you name it, there's so many different options. And so it's really, really important to try different ones. And I think that when we do that, we sometimes will find success with one that we did not find with others. And so that is, with some of the mini tube, whole bunches of those sorts of different options, this pure pup I don't know. I had a therogenologist in Nebraska that used to make her own extender, like she'd use eggs and she'd just bring me in and say, here, let me test your dog semen in this extender. I'm like, okay, right. So there's lots and lots and lots of different options. So consider, if your dog doesn't extend in one, consider trying another. And that is something, again, from experience that I think is worth discussing. Yeah, test a variety of extenders. It is totally worth the investment. Absolutely, Susan. Okay, so back to dog breeding. Back to should I breed my dog? When should I breed my dog? That kind of stuff. So now we've done the theory bit. Now we get to the hands-on bit, right? So heat cycles, I think everybody on this call probably is pretty comfortable with this, but I'm gonna kind of spin through it super fast. Dogs are gonna have their first reproductive heat cycle when they reach puberty. This consists of several stages, including estrus, which is when the female is actually receptive to become pregnant. It is different from different breeds, a Chihuahua's heat cycle and a St. Bernard's heat cycle are gonna be slightly different. On average, sexual maturity is reached at about six months of age, but this can vary. Most dogs come into heat twice a year, roughly every six months, although the interval can vary, notably Basenji's, some of the more, if you will, sort of feral dogs come in season once a year. I've had a lot, a lot, a lot of bitches that came in season every eight months. If your dog is not six months on the nose, then it's not a crisis, just keep at it. And so then the full heat cycle, most bitches is gonna be about three weeks.  She's been in season for 30 days. Everything happens, right?  If you want to successfully accomplish a plan breeding, it helps if you don't have everybody doing the wing thing when you're not looking, right? Okay, females are pregnant for nine weeks. That is nine weeks from ovulation. That is not nine weeks from when you bred her. It is not nine weeks from the first tie or the last tie. It is nine weeks from ovulation. That is very important. Sorry, I have a dog crisis. I see people all the time, well, she's goo and the last breeding was blah, blah, blah, it really doesn't matter. If you're not tracking ovulation timing on your dog, you have no idea when she's due to have her puppies. Literally, you can guess, you can pretend, but you don't have any idea. Spend the money, get the progesterone drawn.  If you're really lucky, you have a repro vet that has a machine that can run the test in house. If you're not, they have to send it out. It's the next day, whatever. It doesn't matter if you're doing life cover or artificial insemination of any kind.  That is important. Ultrasound, a lot of people like to do that around 30 days from ovulation. Again, not the tie, from ovulation. Nutrition, supplements, exercise, please, please, please, please do not like put your bitches in a box and not let them do anything while they're pregnant. They're pregnant, they're not crippled. They need muscle tone. They need the ability for their uterus to push out 14 one-pound puppies for Pete's sake. Let them be fit, don't let them be crazy, but let them be fit. Okay, blah, blah, all right. So still no more questions. So next up, well-ping. All right, most dogs, not mine, most dogs well-peasly and naturally. Some of us are star-crossed, but there you go. Stay close to assist where you're needed.  There are some breeds that are able to do it all on their own and don't need the intervention and Merry Christmas. That's not everybody.  So humidity is actually a big piece of it. It doesn't need to be 100 degrees unless extreme situations that we'll talk about another time, but it needs to be 68, 70 degrees warm enough that the puppies will not freeze to death, but cool enough that they will go up to their mother to receive the body heat that they need. And those of you who haven't should absolutely go back to the sort of foundational episodes that we did with Gail Watkins way at the beginning, just keyword search Gail Watkins name. There's some incredible stuff in there that completely changed the way that I welp and raise puppies and I am eternally grateful to her for that. So go check that out. C-section is always a possibility.   I might suggest that Troupanian has a really great breeding rider that you might consider adding to your bitches during the time that they're being bred. Welping can last a couple hours or it could last 24 hours. I've literally been involved in several 24-hour welpings. It is a nightmare, trust me. It depends on your breed, depends on your dam, it depends on the number of puppies you have. I had a female that started at eight o'clock in the morning and at one o'clock in the morning the next day finished up with puppy number 13 and it was a nightmare. So I'm just saying, know that this isn't easy and it isn't quick. And if you thought that this was gonna be a quick buck maker, I would think again. Neonatal period. Let me see how am I doing on time? Good. Hey, Elliot, super glad that you are here, Susan. Have a slush fund for C-sections or a breeding rider. Yep, one or both. We just had another Aspinoni with a Singleton $3,500 later to get that one Singleton that will not cost $3,500 for anybody to buy. So understand that breeding dogs is not a moneymaker, people. There it is. That's a reality check. Sometimes, great, but yes, I absolutely agree. Get your X-rays done at about 54, 56 days, something like that with a couple days left so that writing to the vet isn't gonna put her into labor, but so that you can see if you've got somebody crosswise on the uterine horn where it can be a mess, it can block things up and there's a lot of things but it can really give you a good idea and know that as you're welping the puppies, if you know that you have at least 11 and she stalled out at nine, you need to do something. And so we can do how to make a million dollars in dogs start with two million valid. We can do a whole, whole live podcast on this topic. It is very deep, it is very full and rich. Susan, Gal Watkins, we can get a lot of people involved in this conversation, but just know that this is not, doesn't always go according to plan. So that's the important part of that equation, does not always go according to plan. So neonatal period, this is right after they're born, their eyes and ears are closed, those puppies cannot regulate their own body temperature for the first seven to 10 days. That's why it's so imperative that you have some kind of heat source in the box and have it in a position that the puppies can go to it or away from it and the mom can be away from it. That's the most important piece of that and the puppies will regulate their body temperature by going to the heat source they need, okay? They can smell and they can feel warm and cold. That's about it. That's that first, about week or 10 days. And then they start to turn into puppies, not potatoes, right?  It's about three weeks. Love that age, my personal favorite. And then they get to the explorer age and they start testing boundaries and experiences, sounds, smells, textures. They start to investigate outside their area. There is so much development work that we can do during this time as dog breeders that will make our dogs far, far, far, far superior to any random bred street dog that somebody's gonna pull from the shelter. That's just a fact. It's why purebred dogs are amazing. Or purpose bred dogs, however you wanna go with that. Okay, end of the wild blue yonder, eight weeks. They're ready to go to their new homes. Your job during that two months is to make sure that every single day that dog's been tested, it's been challenged, it's been safe, it's been introduced to everything you can think of in terms of sounds and smells and textures and people and dogs, safe dogs, all those things in a way that is beneficial to the puppies that will stand them in good stead going forward. Neo-Natal puppies should feel vital, not limp. Ooh, super good point. Susan, and definitely you and I will plan, this might be a good one for next month, you and I can plan to do the puppy-welping live podcast, and you can call in and we'll have a conversation about this, but this was mostly to give some ideas, some traction for people that had questions. Anybody who has questions now is a super great time. I have about 10 minutes left. Shoot me questions, what are you worried about? What are you excited about? What are your plans going forward? I can tell you that I'm involved with a group of people that we are starting to look at an entirely new breed to three of the four of us and starting to build a breeding program from scratch with the knowledge I have today instead of what I had 25 or 40 years ago is really exciting, like I have to tell you the idea of diving into a new breed and developing a breeding program based on what I have learned.  I, it's, you know, things get to be a little much sometimes and a new challenge is for me very, very welcome. So that's what I'm excited about. Elliot, the new baby arrives in two weeks, basically. I'm flying to Utah to do a dogmanship presentation for 4-H students and I will meet the new baby and fly him home with me. So right before the Spannone National. Yay. Hey, Bethany, let's see. Bethany says she left it too late to breed. 12 years old has done no matings to date. Yeah, 12 is really tough. Bethany, even in a whip-it, that's a pretty healthy long-lived breed. I think you'd be pretty hard-pressed. I will tell you there is one way that you can find out. You said you'd had him collected and the vet said that he wasn't good enough to collect but he should be able to give you an idea if he has viable semen, right? What that semen's motility looks like, what the quantity and quality looks like, all of those things so that if you had a bitch that you wanted to breed him to that he might be able to do life cover, that that would be something to think about. But being able to get a collection by a certified reproductive specialist is gonna give you your best idea on that. Doing a litter using Fresh Chilt this year, first time doing this, so worried. Okay, so, Kid Carnage, I think you were coming to us from Canada. I understand your fear, not gonna lie to you. I have had phenomenal success with frozen semen. I have had limited success with Fresh Chilt. That's me, so I understand your concern. Timing, timing, timing, timing, timing. Know what your timing is and make sure that your vet knows what the timing is also. Make sure that the person sending the semen knows what the timing is. Really good communication, really on the bull veterinarians and make sure that that dog has been collected previously, has been shipped previously. They've had successful breedings via Fresh Chilt semen. Know those things going in. That is my strongest advice because ask me how I know. Okay, good semen first. Okay, hi, Nicole, how are you? Don't worry about it. I don't mind the hitting, the hitting introduced soon. That premature ejaculation is so good. How do I make sure the vet is good at performing these tests? One thing I'm concerned with is the vet being too rough and not getting good pictures for OFA and PNHIP. Okay, so Nicole, that's a great question. And I would recommend what I just did and I've had the same veterinarian for 12, 15 years. And I just needed to add someone to the team and I went to a veterinarian in my area and booked an appointment, paid for an appointment, paid good money for this person's time because their time is valuable, right? So don't expect to just get it for free. Book an appointment, pay for the appointment, talk to the veterinarian. How many OFA x-rays do you do? How do you handle them? Do you do them with or without sedation? Do you use a VPELO or not? All of these are questions that you can ask and the veterinarian, if you give them respect, respect their time by booking that appointment ahead, they'll totally answer those questions for you. Yes, that's Susan in response to Kidd, that progesterone timing is 100% the best thing and I have to tell you, even with that, I've had terrible success with Fresh Child, but that's me. I've had 95% success with Frozen. My Fresh Child success rate is more like 50, so that's me. Everybody has a thing. Mine is I stress about Fresh Child and I completely understand. Good job, Susan, thank you very much for doing that. Okay, so that's my answer to most things is be respectful, plan ahead, test for it, even if you don't think you have to. Temperament and health, number one, if you have any question as to whether temperament is genetic, you need to go back and listen to the podcast that I did with Dr. Karen Overall. It is absolutely amazing. There are a variety of interviews on that topic. For those of you who have not really spent any time on the Pure Dog Tech website, understand that there's 530-some-odd episodes and only 200 and some of those are available to you on iTunes or any of your RSS feeds. The rest of them are only available on Archive, on the website. I am in process, so this is like breaking news. I am in process. I'm putting together what I will be calling albums. There will be albums of everything you need to know about well-being your first litter, whatever it is. Pulling together curated content minus advertising that you'll be able to buy for a nominal fee. And so that is something that I would love for you guys to weigh in on if you have a thought as to if I could purchase an album of material on puppy raising or dog handling or you name a topic. There's literally gonna be a couple hours worth of material for you. How much would you pay for that? So that's my thing to you. Drop me a PM, drop me a note here. Drop me a note on the Facebook page because these albums are forthcoming in the next month or so. So keep an eye out on the Facebook page. I'll announce them there on the website. I'll announce them there. Very, very excited about that. Oh, look at that. Kid Carnage and Susan Patterson are now besties in Quebec. Love it. What a way to connect. This is what Pure Dog Talk is about. We are here to make your life better. And that's my entire raison d'être just for you and Quebec, Susan. Thank you all for joining us. If you have not yet had the opportunity, please do stop by all of our sponsors pages. Give them a shout out. Say, hey, we love Pure Dog Talk, we love that. Join us on the Facebook page. If you can join us for the retreat and workshops in Northwest Illinois in the first week of June. And I am so, so, so, so, so excited for all of you and for these live podcasts. And Susan, I'm very thrilled that you and Renee are gonna go have a literary val. Enjoy visiting with my friends. I love them and miss them madly. All right, everybody. Thank you. Thank you all for joining us on Pure Dog Talk live at five. And next month, next month, first Tuesday of the month, every month, live at five. Next month, I think we will bring Susan back. She's joined us at least once or twice before. And we're gonna talk about some basic Welping and Neonatal stuff. So I think that'll be a great, great, great live. Meanwhile, y'all have a great night. Thanks for joining us. I'm your host, Laura Reeves.