Okay, well I have, I have 10 SLT. Should we wait for any late stragglers or should we go ahead and get started? Yeah, so there's a note card giver. Well, I'll, I'll, I'll explain this when we get started. Okay, all right, let's go ahead and get started then. Lights, camera, action. Well, welcome everyone to our latest in the series of Science Circle panel discussions. We're going to have a little bit of an experimental format today. As you can see, we have kind of a de minimis panel. It's myself and Delia, who has graciously accepted to share her thoughts on this topic. So we appreciate that. The, so the topic today is basically animals, which I think are pretty cool. I, but I'm not just going to be showing cute Facebook animal videos. We're going to be looking at scientific reports of the scientific study of animal behavior. And so, so key to this, I think whole experiment here is going to be synchronized video viewing. So I have res tier a special screen, the peril vision screen, which has a cool feature that allows everyone in the parcel to all be watching the video from the same point. So it sync synchronizes the video. But what's going to happen is I'm going to load a link to the screen. Also, by the way, I'll interrupt myself here. The science circle box next to Delia is a note card giver. And one of the note cards is a screen help. So if you have so make sure that you have your video enabled in your preferences, allow it to auto play. Allow it to let scripts play video and disable the video filtering the media filtering.  Let's click on the text. Then if you need to synchronize, if you feel like you're out of sync, if you'll notice on the left side of the screen is a little extended panel with two buttons and the lower button has a recycle symbol. So just click that recycle symbol and then you will be synchronized with everyone else in the room. Okay, so we're going to try this. So I do have a few introductory remarks I'd like to make one of the things that inspired me to do this talk is my fandom, my boy crush on friends to walls. And I'm interested in a couple of points that he makes, which I think is interesting. So one is that morality is evolved the human morality is evolved. So, and what the deal with that is that there are sort of two schools of thought about human morality. One is from the philosopher Kant, who postulated that morality is obtained through intellectual reason that we use our intellect to reason about morality. And then sort of we come up with moral rules that way, and then we impose that reason to morality on society. The other school of thought comes from the philosopher Hume, who sort of felt that morality is sort of just a natural byproduct of living socially. That when you live socially, you just kind of inherently develop a set of norms and understandings about how you're going to behave. It's an evolved morality. And one of the things that France to walls looks at is to see whether we can find evidence of an evolved morality in the animal kingdom. So let me see if I can pull up this link. So one of the first things I want to show is the if I can select this link is one of his discussions about morality in the animal kingdom. I think another frankly another one of his motivations in trying to demonstrate that morality is evolved rather than obtained through reason is in fact to separate morality from religion. Because I think the Kantian view is basically a religious view that morals are imposed on us from some authority. And I think he wants to catch morale that idea. So hopefully let's let's try our little experiment here. I'm going to go ahead and load this video and we can watch it. Oh wait actually hang on I forgot. So my other point that I wanted to sort of highlight in this presentation is Vander Waals other pennant which is he's kind of resisting the notion that it is wrong to anthropomorphize animal behavior. And again there are two schools of thought mainly coming from philosophers again which say that humans are just categorically distinct from animals. And that you cannot ascribe to animals human motivations or. But the other school of thought which really is actually I think more prevalent with biologists. And scientists which is that you simply have to recognize the biological evolutionary history of humanity and that humans you know emerged from the same nature that all these other animals live in. And that therefore it's not unreasonable to believe that that some of the higher animals chimpanzees and other creatures maybe dolphins even and so forth you know have emotions. And are able to exhibit very interesting sort of humanistic behaviors like reciprocity and compassion and cooperation and things like that. Which you know we can completely relate to and I sort of endorse that view I think it is. I think it's I disagree with the view that that animals are categorically different. Okay with that said let's try our first video this is friends to walls. So click on the text. Then the video should start and if you're out of sync you can click that recycle button. I believe one of the things that may vendor walls famous is he's kind of famous for coining the term alpha male. In his book about alpha males in societies. Look how similar the bonobo love making is to humans isn't that interesting I think that's remarkable. So to demonstrate reciprocity. He's going to show us some really interesting like archival footage. One of the things he's going to show us is this eight this chimpanzee experiment from 1937. This is amazing to me. The persistence in the hungry chimpanzee to you know to nudge the companion to cooperate with him is I think quite striking. You know he knows that he needs the cooperation of the other chimpanzee. If you're having trouble with the video there's a note card giver in the box next to Delia that has a note card for screen help. So the two interesting parts about this one is that the chimp on the right has a full understanding. He needs the partner so full understanding of the need for cooperation. The second one is that the partner is willing to work even though he's not interested in the food. Why would that be well that probably has to do with reciprocity is actually a lot of evidence in primal animals.  And so that's how this all operates. We do the same task with elephants. Now with elephants it's very dangerous to work with elephants and another problem with elephants is that you cannot make an apparatus that is too heavy. This experimental design is quite ingenious I think. You can probably make it but it's going to be a pretty clumsy apparatus I think. So what we did in their case is we do these studies in Thailand with Josh Plotnik is we have an apparatus around of which there's a rope, a single rope. And if you pull on this side of the rope the rope disappears on the other side. So two elephants need to pick it up. Never underestimate how animals are motivated by food, even elephants. So the first tape you're going to see is two elephants who are released together arrive at the apparatus. The apparatus is on the left with food on it. And so they come together, they arrive together, they pick it up together and they pull together. So it's actually fairly simple for them. And so that's how they bring it in. But now we're going to make it more difficult because the whole purpose of this experiment is to see how... He knows that he can't pull the rope by himself. I love that. So what we do in the next step is we release one elephant before the other. And that elephant needs to be smart. But if he just stands on the rope, see, then when the other elephant pulls on it, his end of the rope won't disappear, it won't slip away. So all he has to do is stand on it. But it shows the understanding that he has because he puts his big foot on the rope. And he just innately figured that out somehow. I'm not sure I would have thought about it. But it shows the intelligence that the elephants had. They developed several of these alternative techniques that we did not approve of necessarily. So the other elephant is now coming. And the other elephant has to work really hard to pull the food in. Look at the other. The other doesn't forget to eat, of course. This was the cooperation reciprocity part. Now something on empathy. Empathy is my main topic at the moment of research. And empathy has sort of two qualities. One is the understanding part of it. This is just a regular definition, the ability to understand and share the feelings of another. And the emotional part. And so empathy has basically two channels. One is the body channel. If you talk with a sad person, you're going to adopt this expression. Yeah. I think anonymous entities comment about mirror neurons of emotion. Empathy. I think is apt. That's actually why people keep mammals in the home and not turtles or snakes or something like that, who don't have that kind of empathy. And then there's a cognitive channel, which is more that you can take the perspective of some of the animals. So he's going to show a clip of a chimpanzee looking at an animation of a chimpanzee yawning and then infectively yawning himself. Of course, we can study that with yarn contagion. And the animated head is really crappy. It's not even realistic. But it still works. It's not even that good. People who have problems with empathy such as autistic children, they don't have yarn contagion. So it is connected. And we study that in our chimpanzees by presenting them as an animated head. So that's what you see on the upper left, an animated head that yarns. And there's a chimpanzee watching, an actual real chimpanzee watching a computer screen on which we play these animations. See, on the right there, the real chimpanzee is yawning, prompted by the animated video. So a yarn contagion that you're probably all familiar with, and maybe you're going to start yawning soon now, is something that we share with other animals. And that's related to that whole body channel of synchronization that underlies empathy. But here you can kind of see how even in animal societies, this kind of morality beginning to emerge of comforting people and cooperating together and things like that. You know, these are, I think, really like foundational components of human morality. It's empathy driven. That's actually the way they study empathy in human children is to instruct a family member to act distressed and then they see what young children do. And so it is related to empathy. And that's the kind of expressions we look at. We also recently published an experiment you may have heard about it on altruism and chimpanzees, where the question is, do chimpanzees care about the welfare of somebody else? And for the case it had been... So what we're looking at with vendor walls is testing animals in a laboratory setting. Later we'll look at what it's like to study, for example, dolphins in a wild setting. Like how do you test wild animals in their natural habitat?  One kind of token feeds only. The partner who chooses the other one feeds both of them. So this is a study we did with Vicky Horner. And here you have the two color tokens.  Yes, Vick makes an excellent point that in chimpanzee society, the alpha male's role actually is comforter in sheep. Unlike our present alpha male in the White House, and in stark contrast to our previous alpha male in the White House, it is important that the alpha, you know, getting comforted by the alpha is very powerful in these societies and that's an important function that they have. So it doesn't matter. So she gives us now a pro-social token and both chimps get fed. So the one who makes the choices always gets a reward. So it doesn't matter what survivor and she should actually be choosing blindly. But what we find is that they prefer the pro-social token. So this is the 50% line that's the random expectation and especially if the partner draws attention to itself, they choose more. And if the partner puts pressure on them, I think a game theory like the prisoner's dilemma also supports the sort of social benefits of reciprocity over, you know, hundreds and hundreds of iterations. After a while, societies figure out the benefits of reciprocity. So the final experiment that I want to mention to you is our fairness study. And so this became a very famous study. Oh yeah, this is a classic video that went viral, I think, last year. And we did that originally. That he's going to show here in a minute. I'm going to show you the first experiment that we did. It has now been done with dogs and with birds and chimpanzees. But we started out with... Yeah, me too, CB. So what we did is we put two... What strikes me about this video is how quickly the monkey on the left gets outraged. I mean, it doesn't take three or four or five, you know, snubs of the grape. Like he gets outraged instantly. Like the very first time he doesn't get a grape, he gets outraged. The cucumber is perfectly fine for them. Now if you give the partner grapes, the food preferences of my Capuchin monkeys correspond exactly with the prices in the supermarket. And so if you give them grapes that's a far better food than you create inequity between them. So that's the experiment we did. Recently we videotaped it with new monkeys who had never done the task thinking that maybe they would have a stronger reaction and that turned out to be right. The one on the left is a monkey who gets cucumber. The one on the right is the one who gets grapes.  The first piece he eats. Then she sees the other one getting grape. Yeah, it's important that the one on the left sees that the other one got the grape. Even though it doesn't look like he's paying attention, he still notices that the other one got the grape. And that's what she does. See, he's like outraged immediately. And so each of the other ones sees that.  This is wrong. We are the 99%. So this is basically the Wall Street protest that you see here. Yeah, apparently this video, this experiment generated a lot of comments from economists. Let me tell you, I still have two minutes left. Let me tell you a funny story about this. This study became very famous and we got a lot of comments, especially anthropologists, economists, philosophers. They didn't like this at all because they had decided in their mind, I believe, that fairness is a very complex issue and that animals cannot have it. And so one philosopher even wrote us that it was impossible that monkeys had a sense of fairness because fairness was invented during the French Revolution. So now... Oh, that's interesting to us. I had not picked up on that detail that there are variations of this experiment but the one who got the grape refuses the grape. I hadn't noticed that before. A couple of combinations of chimpanzees where indeed the one who would get the grape would refuse the grape until the other guy also got a grape. So we're getting very close to the human sense of fairness and I think philosophers need to rethink their philosophy for a while. So let me summarize... I feel like Franz de Waals is very compelling at assembling evidence for his arguments. Empathy and consolation, pro-social tendencies and reciprocity in the sense of fairness. And so we work on these particular issues to see if we can create a morality from the bottom up, so to speak. And in our note card giver, I have a note card with some other video links. I have another Franz de Waals link with just an interview with him basically where he kind of elaborates more on his ideas. So I recommend that also. So... There are two really important points here, though. One is that most of these are done in laboratory settings. Yeah. It makes a difference. I mean, that just subscribes a lot of behaviors. And the second is that different groups evolve in different ways. So that in the wild with chimpanzees and bonobos and other primates, they're in social groups. They have, even within the species, cultural or ethnic variations, describe that sort of thing. Yeah. Well, with that prompting, let's take a look at a dolphin video that shows what it's like to try to study intelligent animals in their natural habitat outside of a laboratory. And how do you try to construct a way to interact with them? Let's check this out. Hopefully this will work. And again, be sure to click on the text when I load the video. And then if you're out of sync, click the recycle symbol on the left side, sort of extended panel on the screen there. Decades ago, not years ago, I set out to find a place in the world where I could observe dolphins underwater and try to crack the code of their communication system. Now, in most parts of the world, the water's pretty murky, so it's very hard to observe animals underwater. But I found a community of dolphins that live in these beautiful, clear, shallow sandbanks of the Bahamas, which are just east of Florida. And they spend their daytime resting and socializing in the safety of the shallows, but at night, they go off the edge and hunt in deep water. Now, it's not a very... Yes, Delia. And one of the challenges of working with animals in the wild is, you know, they become acclimated to you, to the scientists and so forth. And so it's very difficult to create a scientific environment to study natural behavior when, in fact, the social groups that you're studying, you know, your presence among them, you don't know how much it changes their behavior. And they go through pretty distinct developmental phases, so that's fun to track their behavior. And by about the age of 15, they're fully spotted, black and white.  She's 35 years old in this shot, but dolphins can actually live into their early 50s. And like all the dolphins in our community, we photograph the Mugsy and track them. So one of the things she mentions here about the dolphin lifestyle I think highlights an important feature of studying intelligent animals in the wild. What you're looking for are animals that have big brains, that are social, and that are long-lived, which chimpanzees and dolphins and probably birds are all like that. And having long lives, like a long childhood, a long adolescence, you know, suggests that these animals require a lot of cultural learning before they become mature adults. They have good vision, so they use body postures to communicate. They have taste, not smell. And they have touch. And sound can actually be felt in the water because the acoustic impedance of tissue and water is about the same, so dolphins can buzz and tickle each other at a distance. And now we do know some things about how sounds are used with certain behaviors. And dolphins give each other names with their calls. And it's like a name. And this is the best-studied sound because it's easy to measure, really. And you'd find this whistle when mothers and calves are reuniting, for example. Another well-studied sound are echolocation clicks. This is the dolphin sonar. And they use these clicks to hunt and feed. But they can also tightly pack these clicks together into buzzes and use them socially. For example, males will stimulate a female during a portion of the day. The dolphin sonars are so effective that they can buzz each other remotely from a distance because, you know, the pressure waves travel through the water so effectively that they don't even have to be touching. So dolphins are also political animals, and so they have to resolve conflicts. And they use these burst-pull sounds as well as their head-to-head behaviors when they're fighting. And these are very unstudied sounds because they're hard to measure. Now, this is some video of a typical dolphin fight. So you're going to see two groups. And you're going to see the head-to-head paw string, some open mouths, lots of squawking. There's a bubble. And basically, one of these groups will kind of back off and everything will resolve fine. And it doesn't really escalate into violence too much. Now, in the Bahamas, we also have resonant bottle-nose that interacts socially with the spotted dolphins. For example, they babysit each other's calves. The males have dominance displays they use when they're chasing each other's females. And the two species actually form temporary alliances when they're chasing sharks away. And one of the mechanisms they use to communicate their coordination is synchrony. They synchronize their sounds and their body postures to look bigger and sound stronger. Now, these are bottle-nose dolphins. And you'll see them starting to synchronize their behavior. This synchronizing is pretty remarkable, but there's kind of one dolphin there in the middle that seems very wiggly. Doesn't quite seem to get the whole synchronizing idea. I wish I was that coordinated. Another, as I'd like to bring in your... Sure. Now, it's important to remember that you're only hearing the human audible parts of the sound. Dolphins make ultrasonic sounds, and we use special equipment in the water to collect these sounds. Now, researchers have actually measured whistle complexity using information theory. And whistles rate very high relative to ephemeral languages. But first, Paul sounds... The little whales and narwhals. Yes, that's true. Paul mentioned that in this video, that spotted dolphins and bottle-nose dolphins often cooperate by babysitting each other and mutually defending each other and things like that. So that is very true. And also, I think what she's talking about here is analyzing dolphin sounds outside the range of human hearing. And since we can't hear those sounds, we use information theory to analyze what might be going on in those non-audible ranges. I think that's quite fascinating that we have kind of mathematical models that we can apply to this data to help us maybe not decode, but at least sort of analyze what's going on with the dolphin sounds. So we want to develop an interface like this in the Bahamas, but in a more natural setting. And one of the reasons we thought we could do this is because the dolphins were starting to show us a lot of mutual curiosity. So I also think it's super interesting that dolphins will mimic us in the water, mimic our postures and so forth. I didn't know that. He was quite remarkable to me. ...is to drag seaweed or sargassum in this case around. And they're very adept. They like to drag it on, drop it from a appendage to a appendage. This footage of the adult is Carol. She's 25 years old here, and this is her newborn, Cobalt, and he's just learning how to play this game. She's kind of teasing him. I'm also kind of interested in this dolphin play behavior because it seems like most animals sort of play with their mouths like the mouth is the main way they interact with the world. But dolphins use all different parts of their body. They use their fins and their tails and so forth, you know, sort of like appendages. For some reason, that just seems a little bit interesting to me. It shows a little bit more body awareness than you might see with other animals like you probably wouldn't see a dolphin chasing its own tail like you see with dogs and cats, for example. I just think the dolphins have more awareness of their body than a lot of other animals do. They use their fins on the keypad and happily exchange information and request toys from each other. But we quickly found out the dolphins simply were not going to hang around the boat using a keyboard. They got better things to do in the wild. They might do it in captivity, but in the wild. So we built a portable keyboard that would get pushed through the water and we labeled four objects they like to play with, the scarf, the dolphin. And that's the scarf whistle, which is also associated with the visual symbols. And these are artificially created whistles. So at first they try to acclimate the dolphins to interact with a keyboard, which I think is also kind of interesting. And the other thing I think is interesting about this experiment is how hard it is to get these wild animals to just freaking pay attention to you. Just to get their attention and get them to focus on what's happening is very challenging. Just play the rope key and that's the request for the toy from the human. So I've got the rope, I'm diving down and basically trying to... The thing is, there are actually very, very few animals on the planet that we can engage in this way. That sort of even notice us enough to really be able to interact with them so we can test them. Really, there's just a handful of animals that we can do these kind of studies with. I'm going to try to request this toy, the rope toy from the dolphins using the rope sound. See if they might actually understand what that means. That's the rope whistle. Up come the dolphins and drop off the rope. Well, so this is only once we don't know for sure if they really understand the function of the whistles. So here's a second toy in the water. This is a scarf toy and I'm trying to lead the dolphin over to the keyboard to show her the visual and the acoustic signal. Now this dolphin, we call her the scarf thief. Because over the years, she's absconded with about 12 scarves. In fact, we think she has a boutique somewhere in the Bahamas. So I'm reaching over, she's got a scarf on her right side. And we try to not touch the... Yeah, Taglan, I think they do think we're cute. There were some... I saw some headlines last year about MRI studies with elephants and that elephants think humans are cute, you know? Because when they see humans, it lights up the part in the brain I guess associated with cuteness or something like that. So I think that does happen. I wanted to share this video with you, not to show you any big breakthroughs because they haven't happened yet, but to show you the level of intention and focus of these dolphins to have an interesting system. And because of this, we really decided we needed some more sophisticated technology. So we joined forces with George Tech with sad starters and wearable computer to build us an underwater wearable computer that we're going to chat. But there's also one that I've seen recently where a dolphin came up to a diver so basically the diver activates the sounds on the keypad, on the forearm.  Yeah, the dolphin took the diver's glove and it's mouth and sound recognition so you can respond to the dolphins quickly and accurately. And we're at prototype stage, but this is how we hope it will play out. So diver A and diver B both have...  You know, there haven't been really any huge breakthroughs about communicating with dolphins. And I guess what's really interesting is just this sort of observing the process of figuring out how we can scientifically study these animals. How can you design experiments? How can you attract the interest of these animals to pay attention to you?  For example, right now we can put their own signature whistles in the computer and request to interact with a specific dolphin. Likewise, we can create our own whistles, our own whistle names, and let the dolphins request specific divers to interact with. I think dolphins are also very problematic because they're so playful.  It's a species that they're probably close to our intelligence in many ways, and we might not be able to admit that right now, but they live in quite a different environment and you still have to bridge the gap with the sensory systems. Now imagine what it would be like to really understand the mind of another intelligent species on the planet. Thank you. This is a little bit of a tension, for any of those, any of you who know the old animated cartoon show from the 90s, Dr. Katz, one of the comedians I'm blanking on his name now, but talked about what it would be like to be Aquaman, where you can talk to the fishes, and he says, what kind of crappy superhero pair was that? I mean, what would a fish possibly have to say? Like, hi, hi Aquaman, hi Aquaman, hi fish, seeing any evil deeds going on, and then the fish says, hi Aquaman. It's like, fish have nothing to say. How many of you have seen the Alfred Hitchcock film, The Birds? Any of you get really freaked out by that? You might want to leave now. So this is a vending machine for crows, and over the past few days, many of you have been asking me, how did you... I may have had my mic off. So this is about crows. I kind of want to show a video about birds. Many ideas you can't get rid of anyway, at a cocktail party. About 10 years ago, I was at a cocktail party with a friend of mine, and we were sitting there, and he was complaining about the crows that he had seen that were all over his yard and making a big mess, and he was telling me that really we ought to try and eradicate these things. We got to kill them because they're making a mess.  It was something useful. And he said that was impossible. And I'm sure I'm in good company in finding that tremendously annoying when someone tells you it's impossible. So I spent the next 10 years reading about crows in my spare time. And after 10 years of this, my wife eventually said, look, you've got to do this thing you've been talking about and build the vending machine. So I did. But part of the reason that I found this interesting is that I started noticing as a result of human habitation expansion. And no one seems to be paying attention to all the species that are actually living. They're surviving. I'm talking specifically about synanthropic species, which are species that have adapted specifically for human ecology. Species like rats and cockroaches and crows. And as I started looking at them, I was finding that they had hyper-adapted. They become extremely adapted living with us. And in return, we just tried to kill them all the time. One reason I'm showing this video is because in a few minutes here, he's going to go and experiment with a bird. So for example, rats are incredibly responsive breeders. Solving a puzzle as anyone who's tried to get rid of them knows. To extract food from a tube. And let's build something that's mutually beneficial. It's quite remarkable. And find some way to have a new relationship. What the bird does to extract food from the tube. But the story of the vending machine is a little more interesting if you know more about crows.  They're actually really thriving. They're found everywhere on the planet except for the Arctic and the southern tip of South America. And in all that area, they're only rarely found breeding more than five kilometers. A lot of birds are very adaptive. It's remarkable how well birds have adapted to an urban environment with crows. The ability to adapt the human environment in itself is a display of intelligence.  They're constantly surprised by novelty. And to be able to adapt to the novelty here it is. The video of the bird solving the problem. The researchers had a problem. They messed up and left just a stick of wire in there. And she hadn't had the opportunity to do this before. You see it wasn't working very well. So she adapted. Now this is completely unprompted. She had never seen this done before. Cook, no one had shown her how it could happen. But she did it all on her own. So keep in mind that she's never seen this done. So not only did this crow find the wire. And by the way I should mention these crows are they naturally use sticks to fish for food. But she finds the wire and then she uses the side of the plastic crate to mold the wire into a hook. Completely unprompted. It's just amazing. In Sweden crows will wait for fishermen to drop lines through holes in the ice. And when the fishermen move off they can reel up the lines and eat the fish or the bait. It's pretty annoying for the fishermen. On an entirely different tack at University of Washington a few years ago we were doing an experiment where they captured some crows on campus. Some students went out and netted some crows and brought them in. And the other thing is that the crow initially tries to fish it out with the straight wire. Like the crow goes through a sequence of experiments and they fetch the food so it tries the easiest one first and then they fish it out with a straight wire. Then that doesn't work so that it modifies its experiment and try another approach. So it's almost as if the crow is like beasening or it's sort of like like has foresight in a sense. So in itself is quite So we know that these crows are really smart but the more I dug into this the more I found that they actually have an even more significant adaptation. Yeah, pretty interesting. So what's significant about this isn't that crows are using cars to crack nuts. In fact, that's old hat for crows. This happened about 10 years ago in a place called Sendai City at a driving school in the suburbs of Tokyo. And since that time all the crows in the neighborhood are picking up this behavior. And now every crow within 5 kilometers is standing by a sidewalk waiting to collect its lunch. So they're learning from each other and research bears this out. Crows seem to have a remarkable ability to transmit and learn information from generations to generations that illustrates that nicely. The point being that they develop cultural adaptation. And as we heard yesterday that's the Pandora's box that's getting human beings in trouble and we're trying to see it with them. They're able to very quickly and very flexibly adapt to new challenges and new resources in their environment which is really useful to live in a city. So we know that there's lots of crows who found out they're really smart and we found out that they can teach each other. And when all this came clear to me I realized the only obvious thing to do is build a vending machine. So that's what we did. This is a vending machine for crows and it uses Scinarian training to shape their behavior over 4 stages. It's pretty simple. Basically what happens is that we put this out in a field where you can see the machine being there and actually they eat up all the peanuts and then they see that they're peanuts here on the feeder tray to help them out.  Then you can come back anytime you need to sell the peanut. So when they get really used to that and we move on, they fly patterns or whatever, various kinds of behaviors that they model to the younger generation we go ahead and stymie them to the third stage for we only give them a point. Like most of us who've gotten used to it are playing, this is really good for them off. They do what they do in nature when they're looking for something and they sweep them all the way with their beak. It's just done by modeling behaviors. When that happens they get a peanut and so this goes on for some time the crows learn that all they have to do is show up, wait for the coin to come out, put the coin in the slot and then they get their peanut and when they're really good and comfortable with that and this is where we see the difference between crows and other animals. Squirrels for example would show up with the peanut, come back with the peanut, go away.  Crows on the other hand show up and they try and figure it out. They know that this machine's been messing with them through three different stages of this behavior. They figure it's got to have more to it. So they poke at it and peck at it and whatnot and eventually some crow gets a bright idea that hey, there's lots of coins lying around. One of the things that interests me about this vending machine experiment is you can just put something in the crows environment just like put it there and they will like just naturally inspect it. What's significant about this to me isn't that we can start to pick up peanuts. Mind you there's 216 million rounds with it. Just naturally. Crows can do it. Instead, I think we should look at it and just messing around with it. I think that crows can be trained to do other things. For example, why not train them to pick up garbage after stadium events or find expensive components from discarded electronics or maybe do search and rescue. The main point of all this for me is that we can find mutually beneficial systems for these species. We can find ways to interact with the other species that doesn't involve exterminating them but involves finding an equilibrium with them to make a really useful balance. Thanks very much. Those are all of my planned videos. We still have a little bit of time left. We can just kind of chit chat for a bit. If we go a little bit over time are people interested in watching a video about slime molds? Because slime molds are actually you know pretty freaking cool. Well, alright, well, let's see if slime molds are cool. Let's see, I hope I select the right the right video here. This is not too long. It's only about 10 minutes so we'll only go a little bit over time. No, you don't need one big brain to act smart. Take ants, for example. They build intricate colonies. They farm. They wage war.  But together they exhibit swarm intelligence. So this is a little bit like a swarm intelligence? You know, the Borg and so forth, the resistance is futile. But the weird thing about slime molds is they are not a hive intelligence. A slime mold is a single cell with one cell with millions of nuclei. It's very fascinating behavior. We took a trip to the swarm lab at the New Jersey Institute of Technology to check it out. Studying slime mold is one of the that's probably one of the weirdest organisms. Studying slime mold is one of the that's probably one of the weirdest organisms I've worked with. My name is Simon Garnier I'm an assistant professor at the New Jersey Institute of Technology. Simon runs the swarm lab which studies intelligence in places you might not expect to find it. The main research topic of the lab is trying to understand how what we call decentralized systems. A system that don't have a boss or an architect or someone in charge how these systems are capable of self-organizing and through this self-organization find solutions to problems. And Simon has an unlikely test subject for his studies. Slime mold is a unicycle organism so it's a single cell. But it's a very particular cell compared to what people think cells are. Instead of having one nucleus it has actually millions of them sometimes billions of them. It's a cell that can grow over very large sizes. One of the rare cells in the world that you can actually see with your own eyes. But as unique as slime mold is to study it also takes a lot of patience. It doesn't move very fast just a millimeter an hour for someone studying animal behavior and also studying things that you can't see their behavior directly you have to wait. Other than that it's cheap. It doesn't taste very good. I wouldn't recommend people to eat that. You tried it? I tried it. What does it taste like? It's more like, have you ever like licked the floor? Like it tastes like dirt. But slime mold isn't just weird because of its size or its taste. It also appears to be intelligent. It doesn't have a brain but it can solve all kinds of complex problems without any of the hardware. So intelligent behavior without a brain. It can talk of where it's been. It can solve mazes in search of food. It can even be trained to take risks in the name of a big payoff. And then there are the transit experiments. About a decade ago scientists at the Okaito University in Sapporo had a weird idea. What the research did essentially is they gave slime mold a map of the Tokyo rail system. And each of these stations was actually a food source for slime mold. And then they let slime mold explore. I'm not sure what he means by when slime mold finds research. The researchers gave a map to the slime mold. What does that even mean? What the researchers found a few days later was a pretty well designed rail system that closely mimicked the real life map. What they found is that the slime mold is actually a built network pretty close to what we know. They are very cheap to build. But at the same time, if there is destruction in the network, they will be able to get around it. That bit about being responsive to disruption is something that our transit networks could learn a lot from. Yeah, I think he shows that later in the video that they can solve mazes. And this organism that's used essentially a bunch of proteins and lipids and this thing is just capable of solving it naturally without any external help. Simone's team helped us recreate another famous transit experiment that uses a map of the United States. By placing food sources on major U.S. cities, we essentially asked the slime mold to build us an interstate highway system, which begs the same question that so much of this asks. How is slime mold doing this? Simone's not entirely sure, but he has an idea. Here in the lab, one of the hypotheses we are exploring is that the brain of the slime mold is actually the brain. The membrane is at the bottom of the slime mold because of the concept of the environment. So getting the outside information and getting the inside information. Meaning, even without a brain, a single bit of slime mold can react to the surroundings and simulate information throughout the cell. Simone thinks that decision-making power may come from that ability to synchronize information and that the fact is that stimulus response behavior is remarkably good at mimicking intelligence. Just the mere fact that you sort of are attracted or recoiled by a stimulus through thousands and thousands of iterations starts to look like you're smart. So sort of the foundations of intelligence, I think, we also ask the same question. What exactly do we learn from all this? Well, first, studying the slime mold is like studying a very, very distant past. Life was unicellular at the beginning and that's the unicellular organism. And so by looking at how something like this is capable of solving complex problems, we sort of get to the origin of intelligence. Yeah, a good point says to me about the delay gratification. That's a different order from the stimulus response. The future like self-driving cars is going to be a big decentralized system. We're going to have millions of these self-driving cars on the road and essentially they are all computers on wheels and each of these computer on wheels is going to try to make a decision in real time on which road to take, how to avoid this or the car, how to find the best path. Basically, if we can tease out the algorithm that slime mold uses to make decisions, we could use some of that math for ourselves. If the self-driving cars are capable of talking to each other, figuring out where traffic is clogged, they can automatically redistribute themselves in the network and decrease essentially the amount of pressure on a particular road, making it better for everyone. A few days later, Simon sent us the results of the experiment. The map isn't perfect, but it is comparable to a highway network that took millions of dollars and years to create. So, yes, this is just a bunch of goo in a Petri dish, but it's good that can make you question your own complexity as a human. So the question is, if slime mold is not intelligence and it's using only basic physics and chemistry to solve this problem, well then, if we are as good as a sack of proteins, are we intelligent really or do we need to really find what intelligence means? I mean, when we look at something like slime mold. Hey, everyone! You're watching this on the Brent New Verge Science YouTube channel. The whole science team has been working on this, and we're really excited. Okay, thanks, everyone. I think that's all we really have time for. I'm sure we could do this all day because it's a blast. But you've got to draw the line somewhere. I really appreciate you all attending and really enjoyed the conversation today. Oh, yes, and I do want to make sure I thank Delia. She was so kind to join us today to provide color commentary on all the topics we discussed. Thank you, Delia. That was my pleasure. It was fun. I think this is a topic we ought to revisit periodically. Yes, I agree. You know, I'm not going to be able to come up with new topics for these presentations indefinitely, so I'm going to have to revisit some of them from time to time, and I think this will definitely be a fun one to read.


The Central Lakes Community Performing Arts Center was recently awarded $15,000 thanks to a grant from the Minnesota State Arts Board. The funding will allow the center to continue bringing in guest artists, as well as help offset the cost of the Children's Theater Workshop. It also helps fund educational opportunities in the school district and helps to pay for personnel. Because part of our mission here is to take the arts outside the walls of the college and engage the community. And the one area of this community that really seems to have a lack of programming is for kids to be involved in theater. So we dedicated ourselves to that and that's part of what the fund has funded. We've also used the money to hire guest artists, guest designers, people who work with us in doing our in-house theater productions. So it's been a great help in engaging a lot of people in the arts. The Center's Cultural Arts series kicks off on September 15th with two concerts at the Chalberg Theater at CLC in Brainerd. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


I'd be booking it out of there, bro The moves he disappeared wait what oh my gosh wake up Luffy, please. Oh no. Oh He missed the snipe You pissed Luffy off, baby I'm not looking at the title even though I already read it beforehand. It's something about like it was soft on Stealing my girlfriend. I Love old anime sound effects dude. It's nostalgic for me, and I didn't even watch it like when I was young I am young, but you know what I mean because it's nostalgic without being nostalgic My good Go Nami eyes on the prize get it girl. Oh the real OP characters Yeah, wait, he's literally gonna take one of them hostage Hey, dude, they brave He's very okay.  He is a really intimidating dude though. I will be honest Someone do something bro. Oh Okay, good At least he's leaving the children out of this We stop how you just gonna sit there and take it brother Doesn't even seem shaken by uh, oh he knows Okay, so it's like a rumor to some people I thought it was all the drugs. I've been doing roll.  I don't think he could he does have more of those things Oh, he's not leaving the children out of this. Okay, never mind Oh Sorrow I think you need a few band-aids on your chest brother. I totally forgot what she was here I forgot he was part of the equation Catastrophe Oh, that's actually kind of creepy though I don't even lie if he's that fast to catch Zoro off guard the nails Slowly oh, he's not moonwalking dude. That's how you know. He's serious.  I Mean despite all the lying He's so dramatic. That's an order. He really does like being like a captain Hey, they're doing a great job Yeah, I was going to say I'm gonna just watch The slingshot. Yes, it's up hell. Yeah. Oh now he's not moonwalking. Yeah, I mean I feel like he doesn't stand a chance against Luffy. That stands. What is this? Why he's standing like that? He has so much confidence for getting struck across the face from like 50 feet away. I Mean I guess I respect it this man. Just gonna obliterate for Bucci. Oh, oh, yeah, Bucci dead-dead Dude with Luffy get serious. He's scary. I think that's why he's like so light-hearted all the time It's like when he's serious. It's like contrast. We have like when he slowly cracked all his knuckles, bro I was shaking in my boots Is he gonna catch them all? Day cold, baby. He practiced that one Oh no talk no Jutsu. Who's up? It's not gonna work.  I'll stop you Brother get up. You're fine. I promise They're all just watching this go down. I guess he didn't take quite the beating. I don't think he cares Broke his glasses. All bets are off.  I never betrayed them because hey, but he's still dead Kiddie pirate captain. I'm like Luffy sees some of himself in Usob Okay, you gotta get up then brother. Luffy's also starting to see who stops was all too. I don't see you guys fighting He just hit the ground wait, what was that? Yeah, he definitely does see some of himself He like pick around up and throw it or do you just slam the ground? Just walk fast. Oh, we actually dodged this one Okay, we might actually have a bit of a fight That would hurt so bad if you actually hit but what would even happen if the blades hit him? Would it just bounce off? Bullets don't matter I'm like I said I like how good Dora actually has a lot of confidence though even has outmatched as he seems I guess he is strong He's fast too. He's dodging everything Luffy throws at him Oh Yo, it's actually kind of cracked.  That is way easier. You guys are such babies Yeah, it's kind of seemed like he had disowned them. This voice actor is actually really good though. Whoa Well, he's like cold looks dank Oh Like I'll never escape the Navy Dude, he's like captain's code is dank. Why does he not wear that? Oh, I guess cuz he was undercover. Oh John goes to captain Jungle looks so different here. It's kind of bizarre Did he row over there?  Asking you shall receive They have called him that man of a thousand plans That's why he said it was nice feels bad this poor man That poor man dude got free That's why he hates them calling him it easy once like it. He's like part of the witness protection program Oh, he was straight up checking that thing. Oh my gosh, this is insanely strong, too God dang, oh he broke up Let's go True actually true, but it seems like he doesn't want to be a pirate anymore That's actually kind of a dank fight. I didn't expect that much out of Captain Kuro I don't know why I feel like I I'm under estimating him a little bit I think I just overestimate Luffy the Marine he left alive is Captain Morgan That's why his jaws covered in iron. No wait that dude was so small Deep into the episode we get started Honestly, I don't mind it because it lets me get kind of settled, you know Kaya's like listen kid. I do not believe you Was that one of the things oh never mind. Maybe I did on the rest of me jungle Do he kind of cracked with those though? It's a banger They are children Jango And the thing I respected your art And he hates nature He has more than one profession I love him talking to himself. They're right there Jango. Are you serious brother?  I like Zoro the most so far. There's only three of them so far, so These kids are brave Dude that's that's low key cold.  It's not as dark as it sounds. I promise Yeah, I'm actually surprised he broke it only has one unless you can like regrow them that would be terrifying Such copious. I love how all this is going on Nami is just looting their ship Come on guys you got this. What is he said?  He's your most loyal Please It is too late True the plan has shifted nice fight with Lovie He wants to straight up witness protection this bad boy. Yeah, that's me.  I'm not shocked in the slightest.  Like I said they knew him for years. They know how metal he is Not having it Traveller boy. He actually enraged him just by looking at him. Absolutely roasted It's not about your fighting. It's about your spirit brother. You're in the wrong place Yeah, your character based Based Lovie. Oh Obliterated brother It is kind of satisfying how Lovie fights. I just like slingshots people You don't need to keep up if you can just cover ground Does he have like a final form or something what's going on? It's like a fighting style Out of the back attack. That's kind of straightforward out of the back Is it like AoE bro? It's like a nuke I like how this is part of the technique. We're all begging for their lives Lovie's like I'm just here to see what happens. I like the sound design. It's really good out of the back His pupils just got white Out of the back Is that him? Not me still on the boat She's not impressed Don't tell me he like murdered all of them instantly Oh, no, he's just moving really fast All right, Lovie. What's you thinking? What's the plan brother? Oh, he got Lovie. He's trying to actually see him. I'm surprised. He's not just swinging. Why is he called out of out the back? Oh He flashed back to shanks Did he? Oh, no, I thought he dodged for a second I like how he's not even shaking up that Lovie was able to catch him Oh I mean he may not be wrong. They're kind of just dying from flesh wounds I love his his character designs so much dude. It's so good You're not good enough Dude, I can't with these stairs. I love it so much He doesn't need to say anything Raw fish My man still isn't even shaken up by Luffy. It's so shocking. Okay, stop him before he does it Thank you Oh, he already did it. That was actually really fast You did it once you can do it again Lovie.  Okay, they couldn't let it land on him because he literally would have died But they made time for Kaya to get away Jango got to his position one way His name is onion. I totally forgot He do look like an onion Was she gone executing. Oh, maybe I wasn't wrong Oh Oh, she's just standing there menacingly They made time she didn't want to see one die for her She get that close to him Did she walk up and he didn't see Yoink I want to see me steal Django's hypnotist thing. I want to see me do it again She wrote jk at the very end.  These are coming to a climax Lufi has to stop that out the back technique once again He's actually cutting him up bro. Hey listen, I'm actually kind of glad I thought whenever lufi originally punched him I thought it was going to be like one episode fight basically the pacing of these last two episodes It felt really good. I think in comparison to the majority the arc I know a lot of people said it feels like these episodes drag I think the beginning did a little bit just because it introduces you to usopp's character and then kind of Reiterates things a few times about like who he is because you kind of get a feel for who he is really quickly Like he's genuine, but he does the lying for specific reasons like he doesn't just do it Like I mean, I guess he does do it to troll a little bit, but there's like deeper meanings behind it I'm very impressed with the fight I'd actually think this is actually a really solid fight between Lufi and uh Kuro. I'm just gonna call him Kuro It's just easier and yeah, I like how the last two episodes were also Zoro running with usopp and it took them the entire time to find them Let's do different episodes 15 and 16 drop us up if you knew and I'll catch you guys in the next one His face


Welcome to our next dissection. I'm Dr. Sanjay Sanyal, Department Chair of Nativical Sciences. And today we are going to demonstrate the structures on the back of the thigh, continuing into the perp-retail fossa and a little bit into the upper part of the back of the leg. So let's bring you up to speed. This is the continuation of one of the previous dissections.  This is the hamstring group of muscles. As you can see, they're taking origin from the eschewed tuberosity here. The most important muscle in these groups, you can see this model here. This is the bicep femoris. The bicep femoris has got a long head which takes origin from the eschewed tuberosity. And if you look deeper inside, you'll see a short head which takes origin from the back of the femur. So this is not a true hamstring, but this is part of the biceps. This is a different perspective of the biceps using a different camera from the opposite side. The reason I showed you this clip is to show you the short head arising from the posterior aspect of the femur, which I said is not the true part of the hamstrings, but it's included in the biceps. Okay. Other groups of the hamstrings, this is the lateral group of muscles in the, the medial group of muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh are these two muscles that we see which I've lifted up here. This is the semi-tendinosis. And you can see that the distal part of the tendon is more tendinous in structure. That's why it's called semi-tendinosis. And the one just deep to that. This is the more fleshy one. This is the semi-membrinosis. Just to bring you up to speed, the semi-tendinosis gets inserted in the region of the tibia, which is referred to as the pest and serenus, which takes the combined insertions of the sartorius, gracilis and semi-tendinosis. The semi-membrinosis on the other hand is inserted onto the upper part of the medial surface of the tibia and it gives plenty of expansions to the posterior capsule of the knee joint. Okay. Having said that, I need to, the story will not be complete unless I mention the other part of the muscle of the, which is not strictly a muscle of the hamstring group, but it is a function and that is this muscle that you see here. This is the adductor magnus. Adductor magnus, most of it is the adductor group, but we can see that it has got a component which is taking attachment from the pronationative velocity and that component is referred to as the hamstring component and that is shown here. I've introduced this clip to show you the adductor magnus from the opposite side. The fleshy part of this muscle, which you can see between my fingers, most of it is the adductor component taking origin from the liniasper and the back of the femur. However, there's a portion which is tenderness and under my left hand, if you see closely on this side, that is the hamstring component taking origin from the ischial tuberosity. Now, let's take a look at the important content and the most important content of the back of the thigh, which runs behind the hamstring is this nerve here and you can see this is the sciatic nerve. I had already mentioned this when I was talking about the gluteal region and we can see that it is coming out from the gluteal region. It is coming between the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter. It's running in this groove here and now it's come to the back of the thigh and we'll trace the sciatic nerve all the way down here. This is the sciatic nerve which is running deep to the hamstring muscles. These are all supplied by the TBL division of sciatic nerve and they are running wide. I've inserted this clip of the sciatic nerve from yet a third perspective to show you the course of the sciatic nerve from the gluteal region to the back of the thigh. As you can see, it runs between the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter and it is here it can rub against the ischial tuberosity to produce the condition known as sciatica, a painful condition. On this place, I can show you that this is the hamstring component. This is the hamstring component of the adductor magnus and we can see the perforators. Some of the perforators we can see. Remember the profunda femoris give rise to multiple perforators and some of these perforators you can see they are all perforating through coming out from the adductor magnus. Let's continue. In the lower part of the thigh back of the thigh you can see the sciatic nerve is divided into a lateral branch and a medial branch. This is the tibial nerve. Some books call it the medial-puppetial nerve but we don't with the tibial and the lateral branch is the common fibular. The common fibular runs under cover of the biceps femoris. We shall see when we come to the leg it winds around behind the head of the fibular and then goes around the neck of the fibular and it supplies the antirelateral compartment of the leg which we shall see later on. As it winds around behind the head and around the neck of the fibular this is the place where it is very liable to injury either from fracture of the neck of the fibular or otherwise. Then it produces paralysis of the muscles of the antirelateral compartment of the leg and produces the severe condition called foot drop. Let's take a look at the tibial nerve. Now we are in the region of the propritial fossa and you can see that the propritial fossa before I tell you about the tibial nerve let me tell you quickly about the boundaries of the propritial fossa. Let me put the muscles back in the normal place. Can we see that the medial boundary is formed by the semi-tendinosis and the semi-membrinosis? The lateral boundary is formed by the biceps. So supramedial supralateral it's a diamond shaped. The intromedial boundary is formed by the medial head of the gastrocnemius and you can see here this is the medial head of the gastrocnemius. Gastrocnemius is the muscle of the calf which gives you the rounded appearance of the calf and this introlateral boundary is formed by this muscle which is also part of the gastrocnemius, the lateral head of the gastrocnemius. So this diamond shaped cavity is the propritial fossa. This was bridged over by the propritial fascia, a tough fascia which has been removed. Now let's continue with the contents of the propritial fascia. Straight away we can see that the continuation of the tibial nerve is coming here. It is running from one apex of the propritial fossa and exiting through the other apex of the propritial fossa. So this is this most important central component. Now you can see clearly the diamond shape of the propritial fossa which in life was covered by a tough fascia called the propritial fascia and now that it has been removed you can clearly see the tibial nerve is running, entering it from one apex, it is going through the length of the propritial fossa and then it exits out through the other apex. So this is the clearly visible propritial fossa. The most important central component of the propritial fossa. The next structure that we see in the propritial fossa is this. This is the propritial vein and the propritial vein is the next in depth after the tibial nerve. And finally the grand idea of all structures is this which is the propritial artery. Now if you remember we had mentioned that the propritial artery and the propritial vein they enter the propritial region by passing through a hiatus here and that is the hiatus you can see here. My finger has gone into the hiatus. This is the adductor hiatus and this adductor hiatus is an opening in the adductor magnus tendon from where this propritial artery and the propritial vein above this they were called the femoral artery and femoral vein. When they came out through the adductor hiatus into the propritial region now they are called propritial artery and propritial vein. And we can see that the disposition of these structures are from lateral to medial is the nerve vein artery and from superficial to deep is also the nerve vein and artery. In other words the carry home message is that the propritial artery is the deepest structure in the propritial fossa and it's the medial most structure. And both of them they supply all the stuff. Just now we saw in the class today that the propritial artery gives rise to five genicular branches which supply and some of those branches were there but I have removed them. I've introduced this clip to show you three things. One I wanted to show you the adductor hiatus again in more detail and you can see my little finger is going into the adductor hiatus from where the propritial vessel femoral vessels continue into the propritial region and they come to be known as propritial vessels. And you can see this propritial hiatus in the adductor magnus in the well-recognized site of entrapment of the propritial artery. That's the first point I wanted to mention. The second point I want to emphasize was as a propritial artery is running in the propritial fossa being the deepest structure it is level two entrapment by the medial head of the gastropanias what is known as propritial artery entrapment syndrome, P-A-E-S. Now that's a very complicated classification involving six levels of classification but we will just keep it simple by saying that it gets entrapped by the medial head of the gastropanias. And finally, when the propritial artery exits the propritial fossa it can get entrapped under the solial arch as it goes into and divides into artery and posterior tbl arteries. These are the contents and before I conclude I need to show you something else. This what you see here is the floor of the propritial fossa. So the upper part of the floor is formed by the posterior surface or the intercondyler surface of the femur. The middle part of the floor is formed by the posterior surface, posterior capsule of the knee joint and the lower part of the floor is formed by this muscle that you can see here this is the fascia covering the propritius muscle. This is the propritius muscle which runs from medial to lateral obliquely up and which we shall see but we did mention it in the class today and this is the muscle which is actually knee muscle of the leg. So these are the structures which I wanted to show you and thank you very much for watching ladies and gentlemen if you have any questions or comments have a nice day. Thank you camera person.


Hello and welcome back to The Craft Box. My name is Brent, I'm joined with Finn and today we're in episode 72 of the Wizard101 Road to 100 series. I was about to say the death walkthrough. I've done too much non-recording with you. How are you my dude? I'm good. I just finished a whole pack of sushi so you know what? I'm feeling good. I'm fantastic. That's good. So do you know what we're doing today? Today's a big day. What's the big day? Are you finally asking me to marry you? I mean, what? That's next week, sorry.  You don't even know about that. No, we're actually finishing off Dragon's Fire today. Are you hyped? I'm so hyped. I mean, that's because you don't like Dragon's Fire, but I love Dragon's Fire so I'm also quite hyped, but I'm always hyped for another world. So this is the most iconic thing. You cannot skip the ride for the first time you go up to the Great Spire. You just can't. You have to let it play and be amazed by this 2009 level cutscenes. Do you like it? Wait, it gets bitter. It gets bitter. It gets bitter. You go real fast. It gets bitter. That's actually so. It's not too bad though. It's quite cool.  It's almost like Krokotopia all over again except way better. Except way longer. Wait, what? Nothing. That's a bit rude. That's a bit rude. I take that as a personal attack against me. See, that's basically all we do now. We defeat Melistair. Also, try not to get pulled because we don't actually have to defeat these guys. And it gets a bit more sketchy later on. Good luck. Can't be as sketchy as Marleybone though, so it's okay. I don't know why people find Marleybone so sketchy with the pulls. I never do. I never get pulled on Marleybone. I get pulled everywhere else but Marleybone. There's one of my friend that I've made in my university days. It's quite a thigh slapper. A thigh slapper? It's quite a thigh slapper. Okay, so be careful here. This is where it starts to get sketchy. You need to go right on the edge. Did you get pulled already? Are you looking forward to Winter Tusk as well? I don't know what that is, but yes I am! Do I finally need to do something as well? Yeah you do. I grade small as well. I grade small as well. Especially in Zafaria, when things happen, you're going to definitely have to heal because we're going to be bad or good. Is that another hint? I don't know. Look at this, we're going up! Welcome to going up school. Welcome to the school of going up, starring the upness. England is my language. I'm waiting for one of us to fizzle because then I get to slam my desk. I didn't fizzle, friends! I just wanted to explain to the audience who may not realise the joke because I can't remember if I kept that joke in last time or not. You kind of low key kind of did, but I'm not sure. I think I kept half of it, but I also lowered the sound because it was so freaking loud. Yeah, yeah.  Well everything knocks over, but it's a good meme so it's worth it. Did you see that I did my first live stream yesterday? I was proud of myself. I did! You did one before. Yeah I did, but it was like my first one that I'm actually cute about. I get really nervous before pressing the go live button, like really really nervous. I have to admit it's crazy. I get so nervous and I don't know why. Oh that's unfortunate, friends. Because really it's just the same as recording a video, but apparently I get really nervous live streaming. Yeah, because how long did you live stream for? An hour and 12 minutes or something like that. That's not bad. Not too long, but you know. How many people came in? That's what I want to know. A number. Well that guidance, congrats. I'm gonna not fizzle now, thanks. You know what? I just want to make sure you don't hit your desk. Okay good. I mean my desk's been through enough torture recently. Hi team. Listen to me. I want the inspiration music. Cue it. Now. Hi team. My name is Finn. You may know me from great series such as Road to 100. Where I am known as the classic comedic person that everybody loves. I'm here to tell you for a one-time special offer. Something so wonderful, so beautiful. Something I like to call the Craft Box Discord Channel. More available here in the Craft Box Discord. We're planning a lot of things aren't we Brent? I'm not sure exactly what we were planning, but I've heard that we're doing like viewer interactions. There's a lot of stuff that I want to do in the future, so we'll see if that can happen. I'm not going to spoil too much now. Do you want a hint to give them a hint? Possibly some of you coming along with a Road to 100 video. I don't know maybe. To be fun maybe. Possibly some of you coming along with a Road to 100 video. I don't know maybe. To be fun maybe. Possibly other YouTubers I don't know. Who knows? Big stuff and coming. Only growth. Only growth here in the Craft Box. There will be a link in the description hopefully if I remember which. We'll see. If there isn't put in the comments hashtag blame Brent. Yeah everyone will be happy. Of course like you'll be able to meet me. Even though Finn's never online. I'm always online on Discord. It's just not to like 3am in New Zealand time. Exactly so never online. Never online. You should definitely come to the Discord. Yeah you should definitely. It'll be lit. Brent spent a long time on this Discord. I did. And it looks good. It feels good. It's sexy. There's a whole bot system. I spent a long time doing that. It's not even finished yet. Fully for what I want to do in the future. Nice work. You killed. To be other YouTubers. Yeah. There's a lot. We've got a lot planned. And I feel as though you guys will just be able to feel and experience a whole other level of it. Like us being interacting with you guys. You guys are pretty cool with the people we actually have talked to so far. And oh gosh. Also more channel updates. I'm now live streaming twice a week as well. And apparently I might be getting in on loads if I can. I would probably be an extra stream but that won't be until later in the year.  Storytime with Finn. Well storytime with Finn. Buckled on everyone. This is going to be a ride and a half. You know what? It's always a ride with Finn. XD. I was really craving a good coffee the other day. Like I do quite often. I love coffee. You know this. I do. It's my addiction. Please send him help. Please send him help. He needs lots of help. I do need lots of help. Anyway, I've got myself my addiction here. So I'm standing there. BBQ sauce on my teddies. I told you this was going to be a ride. Welcome to Storytime with Finn. I was standing there. I was about to. We've got a Zippo in my university hall. One of those constantly boiling things. Yeah. They are cool. They're very handy. I was about to make my instant moccachino. I'm a white girl. Instant moccachino? Wow. Yeah, I'm a white girl. I'm sorry. I was standing there. A friend of mine walks in. He walks in behind me. He's like, what are you up to tonight? I'm like, you know, the usual student conversation where you have that awkward moment. We're like, I mean, I'm not a good bird, but not much. I'm going out, I suppose. But I suppose you are as well. So it's not really an ask. You kind of just know. Yeah. You know that interaction. Yeah. And anyway, I'm standing there and I'm like, I want my coffee. And I go to Paul Deliva to put hot water in my mug that's got all my mocker in it. And I wasn't really looking where I was pouring. Oh, gosh. My hand got scalded in hot boiling water. Oh, my gosh. And it blisters up. And it's still blisters up.  It looks like, it looks like, it looks like Medulla. Oh, gosh. Insert photo of Medulla. And then it's literally that. It's literally Medulla.  That's true. At least I didn't shoot myself in the hand. We'll literally destroy you and disown you if you get pulled. Oh, God, there's a lot of peeps. I'm just going to stick to the outside edges. I got pulled. This whole channel is just shitty jokes. Yeah, it is. That's all it's for. Please like and subscribe for more shitty jokes. Please look and subscribe. Yay, we did it. Okay, so next time we will be hitting in to Winter Tusk. So yeah, thank you for watching. And to leave a like and subscribe. And if you've already subscribed, press the wee little bell, so you know exactly when I post another video. And remember, craft outside the box. Outside the box.


Welcome to the Control-M Scheduling video series. In this video, you will learn how to use confirmation calendar settings to shift the day a job will run or prevent the job from running. For example, because of a holiday or a major system backup. Let's look at an example where we have a job that runs on Mondays and Wednesdays. When there is a holiday on a Monday or Wednesday, we want the job to run on the following day. To meet this scheduling criteria, we can use a calendar that has Mondays and Wednesdays selected, or we can just choose these days in the Scheduling tab. In this video, we'll select Weekdays, and then select Monday and Wednesday. We want the job to run every month, so we will leave the default setting of All Months selected in the Order on Months area. Let's click View Schedule to make sure we selected the correct values. Everything looks good. Now let's scroll down to the Confirmation Calendar area. In the Confirmation Calendar area, we want to select a calendar that includes working days, but excludes holidays. We have a calendar in the list called Holidays, which we will select. Note that you must use a regular calendar in the Confirmation Calendar area. For more information about creating calendars, take a look at our calendars video. Let's take a quick look at the Holidays calendar by clicking View. This calendar has Monday through Friday selected, except for holidays. In our example, we want the job to run on the following day if a holiday falls on a Monday or Wednesday. So in the Exception Policy field, we will select Order a Next Confirmed Day. Let's click View Schedule to see when the job will run. There is a holiday on Monday, September 3rd, and we see that the job won't run on Monday, but will run on the next day, Tuesday, September 4th. There is also a holiday on Wednesday, September 19th, and this job will run on the next day, September 20th, and so forth for the other holidays in this calendar. Let's take a few more moments and look at the other options in the Exception Policy field. Using our example, if you want the job to run on the day before a holiday, you would select Order on Previous Confirmed Day. If you don't want the job to run on a holiday or any other day, then select Do Not Order. And last, Order Anyway means the job will run on holidays. Thanks for watching this video!


What's going on guys it's your boy DPJ here today with another Destiny video and today we have top five fails of the week an epic episode at the end if you do enjoy the video if you could leave a like I would appreciate the support but let's just get straight into the video. In at number five we have a clip submitted by black bill bow now you know when you are in that trials or elimination thing and revive someone and give them a little much so they avoid snipers here you see a demonstration of how not to do it and number four we have a clip sent in by bomb industries who shows us that when you actually think it's over it might not be oh that is not the end number three we have a clip sent in by joe zeno style I apologize if that's not how you pronounce your name but this dude demonstrates to us how not to use a titan's fist of havoc in at number two we have a clip sent in by BMX for life who records a kid which I think is a first-time blade dancer user because he fails really really badly oh oh yeah you gotta save that club there that was he totally owned him in at number one we have a clip sent in by suvarnandes 1981 it's moments I see like this which make me understand why so many people hate PVP but guys that's into my top 5,000 a week if you did enjoy the video if you couldn't leave a like I would appreciate the support don't forget to be all your submissions to the email I just linked in the top of the video description and I'll catch you guys on that next one peace out till next time Peace!


So now on the upper appendage, we're going to look at the muscles of the forearm now. And I'd like to start in this anterior region here, again giving you a reference point. This would be your anti-cubital region, your anti-cubital area. So we're going to take the muscles and look at them going lateral from the anti-cubital area. Come around and look at all of these muscles. And then we're going to end up back here in the anti-cubital area again. So this first muscle, laterally then, starts up here at the brachial area and it comes all the way down the bone that's deep to this, which is the radius. So the name for this one is going to be brachioradialis. And that's one word, brachioradialis. Right next to that is another long muscle. And it has a neighbor over here, a short muscle. So these two are named similarly. This one starts up here at the brachial region, but it's an extensor. So it's named for its action as well as its attachment and location. So this one is extensor carpe radialis longus. This one's extensor, comes down to the carpal bones on the radius side. And it's the long one, extensor carpe radialis longus. So this one next to it is extensor carpe radialis brevis. It's the short one, obviously brevis, similar to the word brief. So extensor carpe radialis longus, extensor carpe radialis brevis. Then let's come around to the posterior side of the arm. And you can see this muscle comes all the way down to the digits. You see how that tendon comes all the way down to the digits. And this is an extensor as well. So this one is called extensor digitorum. And you can see those tendons there in your hands as well that go to extensor digitorum. And you know that's the extension side of the movement. And then coming around from there to the side where the ulnar bone is, ulnar bone is, I'm going to have another extensor and it's going to attach down here at the carpal bones again. So this one would be extensor carpe ulnaris muscle, extensor carpe ulnaris. Again, name for function as well as location and attachment, extensor carpe ulnaris. So we're coming around now and we're on the medial side here of the arm. And this one is going to come to the anterior side. So it's actually now a flexor. But again, it comes down to the wrist bones. It's on the ulnar side of the arm. So flexor carpe ulnaris muscle, flexor carpe ulnaris muscle. Now as we come around to the palm side of the arm, we see a nice long muscle, nice long tendon going into the palm. And you can see that as well on your wrist. So this is palmaris longus muscle, palmaris longus muscle. So that should be an easy one to remember, palmaris longus. So if we come around over here, we have another flexor, right? This is going to flex the wrist, it's going to pull it up. So this one is going to be on the radius side though. So now you would call it, of course, flexor carpe radialis muscle. So flexor carpe radialis. And then our last muscle of this group is up here again right next to the anti-cubital area. And this is pronator teres. So you know what that action does then, it pronates the arm. And it's a nice round muscle, so pronator teres. I'd like to give you time to practice now. If you start at the anti-cubital area, you're moving laterally. What was this muscle? And the one right next to it. Remember that one was paired with this one. And then on the extensor side, what was this one? Coming around to the flexors now, you add this one on this side of the arm. And then this one, the flexor. And then the last one back at the anti-cubital area that turns the arm. And those are the muscles of the forearm that you need to know.


Hi friends. Happy Saturday. You are seeing this video on Saturday, but it is currently Thursday and I just got to WW I'm gonna go in really quick and wait in it is about 10 a.m. So I have eaten had coffee I'm not really too concerned about the way in it hasn't even been a week yet Obviously since my last way in last Friday, but I wanted to let you guys know how my week went and kind of what I have going On so my week went pretty pretty well I was a little extra hungry this week So there were a couple of days that I had a little bit higher points Just because I was a little bit hungrier than I had been previously those few days So I still feel like overall I had a really good week of eating and I'm weighing in today because as you know I'm headed out bright and early tomorrow morning to Vegas for my Meet-up from my Facebook group. So if you're not on my Facebook group, we are over 9,000 member strong now Pretty close to 9,100 already. So head on over to Facebook. It's right there on the screen. Make sure you come over join my group It's awesome. Plus I did upload a video on my Facebook group talking about what's coming down the road for WW the changes Giving you guys some information that I received about the new program. So you definitely want to check that out So it's been a good week. It's sunny. It's cold. It's cold you guys It's 30 degrees, but it's sunny and that just automatically makes me smile and makes it a better day So my week was pretty good. Let's see what happens when I hop on the scale So I'll be back to share what we talked about this week at the workshop as well as my weigh-in results Hey guys, welcome back I'm out of my workshop and I am actually headed over to Fred Meyer to pick up my groceries I went ahead and ordered them online because I'm so busy before I head to Vegas I didn't have time to shop. I'll film it though, and you guys will definitely see it Up bright and early on Saturday. So I realized that I said happy Saturday at the beginning Friday, you'll see this video tomorrow today, which is Friday. So sorry about that. It's been a week So the workshop was excellent. The topic was excellent We talked about stress and I know that there is all types of stress that we are under as human beings as Weight watchers as moms as Workers as wives husbands. We are under all types of stress but what we do with that stress can really affect or not affect our Weight watchers journey our lifestyle journey. So as far as stress goes again, there's different types of stress There is stress that makes us eat. There's stress that makes us sad and there's stress that just makes us Not want to talk to anybody do anything just kind of stay holed up in our house So I want to talk about the different types of stresses and also what you can do to not let stress negatively affect your Weight loss. So the first kind of stress is the kind that makes you eat And we are there are different types of stresses as human beings We deal with stress a lot differently depending on who you are So I know that sometimes stress can cause us to eat. I am not one of those people when I am stressed out I don't eat. I don't have as much of an appetite. I Gear a little bit more towards a mix of being sad But also not wanting to be out and doing things and just kind of wanting to hold up in my house So we need to learn some tips and strict tricks to deal with stress so that it does it negatively affect Not only our lives, but also our weight loss journey So what you can do when you feel some stress coming on is breathe close your eyes Take a deep breath let your stress just kind of melt away And that will help take your mind off maybe wanting to eat and really just allow your stress to kind of just melt away You can also take a walk or do some physical activity Doing some movement and getting those endorphins moving around in your body really helps with stress as well I know for me when I go to work out at Jazzercise, which you know, I am loving I'm going today actually When I go to Jazzercise, I feel really good And any stress or anxiety or frustration that I have during the day It literally just goes away and I enjoy my workout and when I leave I'm feeling tired hot and sweaty, but I'm definitely feeling better and less stressed out So breathe do a little bit of physical activity talk to a friend call up a friend Message me go on my Facebook group gain some inspiration go on connect go on YouTube watch channels talking about Positive things like their weight loss or maybe a new recipe and do something that basically takes your mind off of the stress That you're feeling take your mind off of the stress so you can focus on the positive things in your life Just don't let stress sabotage you and sabotage your weight loss efforts Now if you're feeling stress and you are just aiming to go to that kitchen and have a snack Take a moment.  I know we don't run for the broccoli But consciously think about it and try to make a healthy choice of a snack The bottom line is don't let stress ruin your life and sabotage your weight loss efforts There's a lot of things that you can do to help alleviate stress that don't involve eating or don't involve doing Something that's detrimental to your body. So again some tips take a breather take a big deep breath of fresh air and Really try to calm yourself down before you do anything else when you're feeling stressed out Go on a walk do some physical activity and take five minutes before you run to the kitchen to get some food All of those things should help not only alleviate the stress that you're feeling but help you be healthier Overall, so let's talk a little bit about my weigh-in. So as I mentioned, I had a good week Luckily, it wasn't that stressful of a week now. I will tell you why I'm feeling the stress today I'm feeling it a little bit today with leaving bright and early tomorrow morning. I haven't packed I still need to go get my nails done. I need to get some laundry done pick up my groceries fill my groceries Oh, I'm feeling a little stressed today, but not bad and it is bright and it's sunny So I'm feeling good, but there is a little bit of stress So I'm gonna take my own advice and just take a couple of deep breaths. That really seems to help just calm my stress down So Although I'm stressed. I'm excited for our meetup I'm excited to go to Vegas to shop to walk around to see all of you and spend some time with you get to know you I am going to be taping and vlogging the entire trip. So you will be seeing that in an upcoming video I'm really excited about that you guys. I can't wait to share this whole entire trip with you It's gonna be amazing. So when I stepped on the scale today, we are shy of my way in which would be tomorrow I was actually down point two. So I'll take it not as great as maybe I would have liked But I lost almost two pounds last week I'll take another point two before I head to Vegas now. Let's go back to Vegas. My goal is to do my best To eat healthy to make healthy choices. Am I going to stay on track and track all my food? Probably not I'm in Vegas guys. I'm in Vegas. I am planning on walking a lot We are even talking about potentially going to the gym or doing some type of additional physical activity While we're in Vegas, but I'm not going to stress out and feel like I have to track everything and be accountable For everything when I'm in Vegas, but I am going to make conscious healthy decisions I'm going to save my weeklies for Saturday because that's the day of my meetup So I'm gonna want to enjoy myself at dinner. I'm gonna maybe want to have an adult beverage So I'm gonna be saving up my points for that But I'm going to Vegas with the goal with the goal to not gain more than one pound on my trip Now I'd rather maintain that's the ultimate goal But my secondary goal is to not gain more than one pound when I go on my trip So when I weigh in next Friday one week from today when you're seeing this video I am hoping not to have gained more than one pound And I know that I'm gonna have a few days to get myself back on track Which is my goal immediately Monday because I fly out Monday morning Monday I'm back on track and tracking everything So I'm just taking a tracking break for Friday Saturday and Sunday while I'm in Vegas. So let's see if that works out for me I'm gonna continue on with jazzer size. I'm hoping to go a few times next week I don't have as crazy of a schedule knowing that I was out of town. I didn't overbook myself As far as real estate goes when I return I have a collab coming up that I need to film I want to do my fall in Halloween baking videos So I have a lot going on but I'm hoping to get a few extra days of jazzer size in when I return from Vegas So that's my plan. I'm happy with my point two loss I'm looking forward to taking some of these tips and tricks to alleviate stress I want to hear how was your guys's week? Did you gain? Did you lose? Was it what you expected? What's your thoughts on stress? What do you do when you're feeling anxious or stressed out? What do you do to alleviate that and have it not negatively impact your weight loss journey? Thank you guys for watching those of you that are coming to Vegas I can't wait to hug each and every one of you and those that are not we will definitely be planning another meet-up at Some point, but I'm gonna take you along with me via this camera on our meet-up in Vegas Thank you guys so much for watching if you're new make sure that you subscribe Hit that little bell so you're notified every time I upload thumbs up this video and again leave your comments down below I can't wait to read them. I love you guys so much. Have a wonderful week, and I'll see you in my next video. Bye guys