diesel Good morning to you, buddy. What a nice morning. I think it's gonna be a nice day. It's going to be a good day Going to be we're gonna make it one. I have to be an arbor today nice and early So I'm up a little earlier than usual today Apparently so is every bird in town. It's gonna be a really nice week if the forecast holds up So let's knock on wood. Hopefully that didn't just wreck it It's supposed to be up in the low 30s Around 30 Celsius. So it's gonna be between, you know, let's say for the Americans a You know 90 Fahrenheit between 80 and 90 Fahrenheit this week. So hot but not too hot just Hot it's gonna be a great week for riding. So today Like I said, we're headed into where we got to go arborg picks up and up up there not too sure If there's anything this afternoon, there'll probably be something I usually do about two loads a day It all depends on which load it is and How far away it is and how long it takes but Arbor is usually pretty quick once I get up there that the shippers up there are really good They load up pretty quickly. They're always ready for you and they always load it up very carefully I like going up there. This is the progress on our front deck so far I've pulled this up up to here. We still got to do all of that yet Hopefully this week I'll be able to get all of this out of here And I'm probably gonna have to rebuild this whole frame because this frame was built with non-treated lumber and the way they built it I showed you this already like you see how they they put this cap on the end in front of that And then this is resting on this piece here, which is all rotten obviously because the water gets in here and then it just sits in here And then over there they didn't take the front steps out you see So they're still front like because we'll have to leave them there too because we can't move those So I have to work around that I might want to rebuild this whole frame with treated lumber We'll see every project you start you always know it's going to be a little bigger than That expected it's too early to think about this stuff right now though. Yeah, it's We'll look at this in the afternoon later for now. I'm just gonna get the bike loaded up and Take off to work. You know these saddlebags are really handy Actually, I took them off this weekend to see what it looks like without it Actually looks really good with or without it. They're just Way too handy to not have them going to work because I can have all my work stuff in there another ride Made it safe and sound My truck is not in its spot. You might have noticed there That's Roy's truck. That's Roger's truck My truck's around the corner. I Hooked it up yesterday already so that I could just jump in and go today Do a quick pre-trip. I pre-tripped everything yesterday, but obviously I'll just double-check everything today Make sure it's good to go There she is Warming up getting ready to go Just waiting for us up here grumbling so grumbly in the mornings Close little chilly in here. Whoo Turn the AC off for now. We're gonna need it later. All right. All right, you guys ready? Well, you know the routine Trailers already empty checked it out yesterday Lights are all working, but I'm gonna walk around again for your benefit So you can see that I'm not lying to you. Why would I lie to you? All the tires have been filled with premium summer air wonderful Wonderful now the back axles lifted because I'm empty now one thing you got to be careful of when you lift the back axle on these trailers and other trailers like it You see how close it is up here and these wheels do touch the ground sometimes and they spin a little bit when they do when you go over bridge connections and stuff these On this trailer, thank goodness have a stopper there they put a bolt in there to stop it some of the trailers This thing actually pushes forward and actually touches the tire and when the tire hits a bridge connection or something Tires starts turning and this actually digs into the tire defeating the purpose of lifting the axle to save the tires that At that point you're lifting the axle to destroy the tires So you got to be careful on these lift axles make sure that these Cannot touch them when they're up because that defeats the whole purpose Rex them even faster that way you may as well just left them down would have lasted way longer Yeah, you know what I mean Make sure it's all tight rollers are right to the back here I'm gonna oil them all up nicely when we get there to the back All of these are locked in place locked in place Man not done very well. I'm gonna try to redo this a little bit here Give me a minute. Give me a minute. I Know I can't get a really good angle for you, but I want to try to get this belt grow better in place It's so tough because they Yeah, I guess it's as good as we can do it Okay, well it is closed and it is secured so it's not like it's gonna go flying all over the place and causing me damage or Scare little old ladies behind me. You don't want to do that That's not nice Yeah, this trailer all need to be Refurbished a little bit on the top there soon, but no not a big issue. It's pinned in here Let's make a note of it Looks like I'm a little too much of a chunky hunk to get through here Is that a thing all the lights are working Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Mm-hmm. Why is the plate light working? Friendly Manitoba That's our slogan doesn't have to be true. It's just our slogan Alrighty, we're all set Set to rock and roll Let's roll on up to our bird. Say hello to our friends there double check our trailer's not gonna fall off on the way Okay, you guys watching and I'll spike the brake and it's attached Yes So much better when it's attached. Oh my windshield is dirty. Oh my we're gonna do something about that today Highway 59 northbound Go around our perimeter. This guy took a kind of wide a Well, it's probably a truck turning that way. That's probably why oh And it's busy. Everybody is going to work at the same time. You see and I'm already at work Look at this car. Holy look at this thing Hardcore he is serious. It was actually really nice riding into work today the traffic I went in earlier right because I had to get an earlier start and The traffic was a lot lighter at that time It was really nice to just relax on the road and not have people Tailgating you the whole time because it doesn't matter if you're on a motorcycle.  Is that a triumph? Is that what that is? He was staring at you guys. I think he liked you Maybe he was wondering why the trucker had a big camera on his head I don't know for that was your cue to go but you were at stop sign first Yeah, well, you're not gonna go.  Well, you lost two chances now I'm not giving you a third. I'm going As soon as I can after these cars if he's not gonna go watch he's gonna try to go now when I try to go That's how it always works, right? Okay, now. Oh see he's turning that way. That's why see if you had your turn signal on I would have known that Now, why did you turn into the left lane? You see that she turned here and went right into the left lane Tuesday morning so many questions for me this morning. It's like 23 or 20 20s. I'm beat So I have another pickup here in Winnipeg on the way back I'm gonna fill up at least part of the trailer part of the rest of it a Google GPS here I think we got a turn not here Turn at the next one first street the next one. What is it? Bunting Street? I think I got to pick up 10 crates or something wide street. Good. I like this Then if I'm not sure where to go I can just park on the street up here Drive right in here, right? Well the gates open so right there.  So it should be seven crates for a total space of 23 feet That should be super easy to tie down if they're just crates as long as they're well built And I'm picking it up here Winnipeg and it is heading to Houston, Texas No pickup numbers or anything here. So I hope they know what freight is heading into Houston Let's go see what they have to say. I'll talk to you in a bit And back to the truck we go to get our cell phone This is one of those shippers.   There's all we got in there from Arbor. I was expecting a full load up there I never know what to expect till I get there, but this thing is going to Mansfield, Texas. Oh, that makes sense why they would throw other Texas freight on here And yet there will be more than that. He didn't want to eat a big box all the way back over himself He's gonna get the other crates put them right up against here and he's gonna move that up after He just had to get that out of the way first, I guess. I don't know. He said he's gonna move it again another day You know trucking is so much more fun in the summertime. Everything is more fun in the summertime. I Just want to say this is the most organized toolbox or strap box, whatever you want to call it that I have ever seen Now we're just gonna ignore this part over here. All right, we're not saying it's perfect. We're not saying it's perfect But look at this all nicely placed in there These are all the d-hooks on the bottom that hook into like these here And up here on the second level This is where they put the regular a few of the regular straps just to keep them separate from the d-hooks. Now all we got to do is Just clean these up a little bit here and work on the progress that was already made But it's just one strap by the looks of it here Whoever did this Trucker Josh stamp of approval That is amazing. I like seeing it. It restores your faith in drivers if you're wondering why I make a special comment about that usually when I open these Toolboxes here It's just an absolute Unorganized mess everything's all mixed together chains are on top of everything you got to practically take everything out Before you can get like one strap out or It's all unorganized, but this one is nicely organized and it looks like someone actually took a lot of time to neatly place everything in here I try to do that too when I Have the time and have the trailers But whenever they come back, they never look the same and this one looks amazing Special comment right there. Just a special thumbs up. No idea who did that, but if you're watching this That's awesome And there we go. We still got about 13 15 feet on the back here yet. I'd say 13 just to be safe 14 feet Measured it out 14 feet left Have to let them know that I'm probably gonna want to stick something else in there yet that I got the landing gear Right over the concrete first try Place your bets Not perfectly centered, but we're on the concrete So did you just lose a bunch of money or what I? Accept PayPal I'll let you keep your money this time though. It wasn't really a fair bet I didn't fill myself back in here. You didn't actually see me do it in one shot I could have wiggled back and forth and just said I did it in one shot, but you're lucky this time You can keep the money Next time though, I'm serious And with that the air conditioning also turns off so we need to get out of here Let's get out there and get on the bike and get some wind and Wind in our Some wind in our hair So to speak. Oh, it's hot out there. We're in the wife mobile. I Keep talking about how hot it is here. It's actually not that hot compared Oaten Kamloops, British Columbia. You remember that we've been there many times, right? Temperature there is 49 degrees Celsius right now What's that in Fahrenheit? I don't know pretty close to the temperature of hell. I think pretty close I know Washington and Oregon are super hot right now. It was 110 Fahrenheit or something like that So it's hot here, but it's even hotter there. I can't imagine what that must feel like So Britain I neither of us want to make food tonight.  Is that the same? I don't care. Give me my pizza And I guess we're not gonna get any anywhere on this tonight Maybe tomorrow after work if not then on Thursday for sure I have Thursday off Thanks for watching today everybody if you did like it give it a thumbs up helps me out a lot Leave me a comment down below. Let me know what you'd like to see more of in the vlogs I'll try my best to include that. I hope you guys have a great day See you back right here tomorrow morning


Oskar Romeo 4 India Sierra Sierra Oskar Romeo 4 India Sierra Sierra 4U1 WRC, 4U1 Whisky Romeo Charlie calling Hello, it is Ginny, you are calling you You are five and seven at the IT headquarters during the WRC 15 meetings where more than 3600 delegates from 160 countries are watching you. Oskar Romeo 4 India Sierra Sierra 4U1 Whisky Romeo Charlie over. I'm excited to be talking with you with our camera radio asset. Excellent, can we proceed with the questions from the students over? It would be terrific, and I suppose myself and Ginny others here would be in the questions over. Let's go. Hello, my name is Alcindor Lombardini. My question is, what emotion do you feel in space when talking to somebody on Earth? Alcindor, I'll answer this one. I'm delighted to be able to talk with people on the ground whether it's using our internet protocol code so it's easier to communicate with family and with people that are interested in space on the ground is a terrific event always and we love to share the excitement and enthusiasm that we have for being up here on the space station. Over to you. Hello, my name is Hannah and my question is, what are the typical school subjects covered by your researchers at the moment over? It is amazing what my primary and university and graduate school experience is how those have prepared me for life up here on the space station. Our research covers the broad spectrum of physics and biology and even geography and geology. All of those have contributed to our understanding of the research that we're doing up here which includes life sciences, we're studying the heart, bones, muscles and eyes in terms of physics, we're studying combustion and not only our research but just in our everyday life we can see how the various subjects that we've studied come into play. Just being in this weightless environment we can see Newton's laws of motion and it's pretty exciting. Thanks for the great question. Over. Hello, my name is Maxim or this is my question. Are your dreams different when you're on the ISS compared on Earth? Over. Thank you for this question. Yes, that is quite different. When I was here, we were here to dream on the space station without gravity, but now we are spending, I mean, living in ISS for more than 100 years, 100 days. So now I'm dreaming about living in ISS without gravity about 50%. My dream is orbit without gravity, 50%. Actually, I'm still living on Earth with gravity and doing normal stuff on the ground. Thank you for the good question. OK, we congratulate you also to the 15 years anniversary of presence of human on the ISS and can we have one more question to you? Please, thank you for the congratulations. It's amazing as a crew to be a part of this long legacy having 15 inhabitants at the space station for 15 years to do science that benefits not only our understanding of the universe but to benefit the Earth as well. My name is Julie and I'm the deputy head of the U.S. delegation here and I'd like to know why the radio spectrum is important to you. Julie, thank you for that great question and thank you so much for representing the U.S. at this conference. The radio spectrum is incredibly important not only for what we're doing right now the ability to communicate between the space station and Earth but just the management of the radio spectrum so that we can accommodate the communications that are required for aircraft, for business communications, for cell phone communications, all those things that I think many of us take for granted requires oversight and regulation in order to make it efficient. We almost do it like this. Thank you very much. We wish you a lot of success for the whole crew on the ISS and I think that the U.S. will be over. That's why Oscar Romeo for India, for Iwan Whisky, Romeo Charlie, 73, goodbye. 73, goodbye.


We are testing out some new feathers here. This is our RP 2040 bones board, RP 2040 basic with USB-C buttons, eight megabytes of flash. And in the space left over, we've got an RFM69 module. This could also be a Lora WAN module. Sorry, a Lora module that can run Lora WAN stack on the RP 2040. But this is just a plain RFM69. We've got a spot for a wire antenna, a UFL antenna connector. So it's good for connecting larger antennas, a semi-QT. And I've got another one over here. And if you back up a little bit, you'll see when I press the button on one, it appears on the other one. So hold on, I'll flip this over. And then I press the button on here. It sends the message over. So they're communicating with each other. And I also get the signal strength, which is a good way for me to test that my antennas are working. So all are good. Next up, I'm going to try Lora.


Hey everybody, Steve McFarring here getting Mountain View Dodge. You know what? You gotta come down here today because Doug Roy is having his birthday. He's a great guy. He's our finance manager. He's been in the business for 25 years. He doesn't look it. He's a pretty young looking guy.  Have a great day.


Yeah, we're looking for anybody that can help us. I mean, we've got a lot of needs, like most teams. And so we're trying to do our due diligence and making sure we know who every one of these players are. And for me, this is just the kind of beginning stages of the personnel evaluations. Obviously, our scouts and our personnel staff have been working on this class for several years. Well, we'd had a few coaches that had worked with them in Chicago, had been with them. And you know, Dave Ergon and Charles London had been with them in Chicago. And so his name obviously was up in the free agency. And they kind of pitched to Terry and I, hey, this guy, we think he can do a little bit more. Some of the things we dabbled in in Chicago. And so obviously, like I said, we're looking for help anywhere we can get it. And CP did a terrific job and embraced the role and took off from there. Yeah, I do. Yeah, no, I don't. I think Ben, you know, hopefully he learned how to take a snap better than he did when I was with him. No, Ben's a terrific coach, terrific person, and he'll do a heck of a job. Sure. Yeah, I think you understand where your issues are. Obviously, when it deals with protection and you're involved in everything, you've got to work your straight to get the place started. So Ben's got a great mind, great football mind. And I've never worked with him professionally, but I've known him for a long time. And I'm sure he'll do a great job in Detroit. Early on, I'm sure he figured it out. You can ask him about it. Yeah, I mean, we have a plan, D-Led, that we feel good about where we're at with all those guys. And we can control what we can control. But if somebody certainly is going to go to a free agency, whether we have an offer or out for them now or not, I mean, that's their prerogative. And that's what the rules set up for, right? I mean, that's what guys fought for, and they go to a free agency. And there's certainly that the market could dictate where they could be out of your price range. Yeah, I'm not going to reflect on the tights. I've got enough things we've got to worry about Atlanta. I support the heck of those guys. We're not playing them. But I'm just focused on the Atlanta Falcons. I appreciate the question, though. You do? Obviously, for me, this is the first time. And some of these guys, we saw at the senior bowl, but as coaches, it's a good opportunity. We'll have our formal interviews, and we'll certainly have guys that we will meet with at night, some of them in the morning. So it's just beginning stages to get to know who these players are as people, how they learn. And so it's just part of the process. Yeah, I know D-Led and these guys that cover us locally, they get sick of me saying it, but I don't have an update. And so he is. Like all of our guys that are up for free agency, Russell did a terrific job. He got injured early in the season and came back. I thought he was really productive late in the year and helped us. Right. Yeah, you had to do it by Zoom. It's good to be back. I mean, it's good to be in person. I like being around people and getting to know them. Everybody's got different strategies. You'll see throughout the league, it makes it fun. Some teams are here. Some teams aren't from a coaching side, but personally it helps me. I'd like to get to know them and it's like the early stages of it, get to put a name with a face and see who they are as people. Yeah, I don't think you're gonna make a snap judgment off of 18 minute speed dating meeting, but I think you look at their body of work. And again, it's just a part of the process.  I've seen other guys that, you know, it's not their setting and you got to look at their body of work. So it's just a small part of it. I don't subscribe to a one-size-fits-all. You know, I still believe in due process and so I just, you got to dig into it and you don't take it, you know, you may hear a story or somebody may have agenda that they've talked to at the school and again, you just try to look at somebody's body of work and I'll give people the benefit of the doubt until they prove you're wrong. And you just take it case by case. Well, I saw some of them down at the senior bowl. Like every year, you know, I don't subscribe. I mean, I know it's a great, the build up to the drafts are great. I love the hot takes this time of year. There's always players. There's always good players at every position.  So you do, you do diligence every year and there's a good group of them. All right, guess I was pretty born. Certainly that's, you know, where Matt's at. I mean, I don't, obviously we just watched in our division. I mean, Tom, Tom played till he was, maybe he'll still play, I don't know. He certainly didn't look his age and Matt is a lot younger than Tom and I understand there's only one Tom Brady, but Matt certainly feels good about where he's at.  Somebody gives you an offer, you can't refuse. I mean, Matt knows how we feel about him and I think Matt's got a lot of good football left in him. Well, I think every year, I don't think certainly you look at the history of the draft and that's at every position. So, you know, you may feel good about your running back room or your receiver room and somebody may fall that you think's a generational talent. Well, you ought to take them or you make sure you do your due diligence. I mean, I think that's at every position. I think in hindsight, been a part of it where hey, you think you're set at this position and you passed up on some good players. So I don't think every year that's your charge is to make sure you know this draft and obviously that's the one thing about the NFL. So it's not like recruiting where you can take 25 really top-in players that are all first-rounders. I mean, you've got to do your due diligence and make sure you get the right fit for you. Yeah, I think that's every year. You know, we certainly, guys, you can find players and you better, you can't skip steps because there's really good players that come out of that are undrafted every year and it's always an open competition. And obviously, you know, on the surface, you know, if you invest in a first early round pick, you know, what the salary cap structure is right there, but if a guy's a better player that's an undrafted, he's gonna play for us. Excuse me, I couldn't really hear you. Depends what the offer is. I mean, like I said, like it's like the old Don Corleone, like if they give you an offer, you can't refuse. I think you got to take it. But that's with every player.  So that's it. All right, thank y'all.


Since binding energy is so closely related to mass, we can trivially evaluate the energy released in reactions by using the binding energies of the products in the reactants. Let's again look at the curve of binding energy per nucleon and use it to estimate the energy emitted when uranium-235 undergoes fission. We know already that uranium-235 tends to break into asymmetric products, and here we consider the case where two fragments are created with nucleon numbers of 140 and 95 respectively. We can estimate the binding energy per nucleon for each of the target and the two fission fragments by drawing some lines on the graph. We end up getting the values listed here, and hence we can estimate the energy released in the fission of uranium-235 by looking at the difference in the binding energies. Thus we predict that approximately 181 MeV of energy will be released from every uranium-235 atom that splits, and this number agrees quite well with the value produced from the actual masses in earlier lectures. The key point to be taken from this example is that the slope of the binding energy per nucleon curve means that the break-up of having nuclei into lighter fragments is often energy favoured. It should also be obvious from the behaviour of the binding energies of light nuclei that an equivalent energy release should be possible when light nuclei fuse together.


Rotational shot it's really the way of the future. It's what every single thrower at the world championship utilized as a technique So we're gonna talk about the five biggest mistakes in 2019. Are you making any of these? Let's find out in this video So check it out Everybody it's Eric Johnson from Airtight Throws Nation and in this video We're gonna talk about the top five distance-killing mistakes that we saw in 2019 for mostly young throwers and that means coaches need to be helping these young throwers and young throwers need to Be learning what these things are. Let's start with item number five The thing that we saw the most common is that when people start to rotate and learn the shot They wind the shot and we don't necessarily wind the shot back We want to be thinking about Creating the path that the shot is gonna follow and you're gonna do that with the left side But here's what you can see the difference if I set the path this way and I wind out here You can see how I'm coming in a lot of kids do is twist and twist And so by winding the shot they do that here in the power position when they take stand throws They wind the shot back and what you'll see from this angle is that as I wind the shot I pull my hips back you need to be winding the shoulders Around the lower body and that's about creating proper separation We just recently did a video on separation But that's one of the things don't wind the shot wind the opposite side So the number four thing that we saw in the rotational shot is Finishing and not rotating the hips into the toe border into the sector so we can push against the ball like this What we see is too many people stopping the hips and punching like this And what we want to understand is how we actually engage the block and have the delivery side coming through One of the big mistakes is throwers coming out Like you said as they come here and then they just think I got a hit And they're moving forward too early instead of rotating the delivery side through and punching this way to get that nice big Rotation and extension over the toe board so the number three thing that we saw that was most common is not Understanding how to rewrap many throwers the problem you have when you're throwing the disc or the shot They start throwing one like the other and what we tend to see with a lot of our shot putters is the rewrap is incorrect So it's either too early or it just doesn't seem to really happen So again, we want to avoid that we're make sure that we're not too open And that's gonna just create too much shift off And what we're gonna see is we want to make sure that we don't wrap too early We see a lot of people doing this and then they're wrapping and you're gonna notice that cuts me off And I can't I can't rotate around quite as dynamically There's a sweet spot if you look at the number three four and five guys in world history throw They were all rotational throwers and again You saw that they all have very similar wrap styles and they all have very different Crouser Kovac and Tom Walsh all have different throwing styles, but mechanically rewrap is very similar amongst the three So the number two thing that we saw the most frequently throughout the year whether I'm dealing with a lot of young throwers Is that they will throw clothes and they'll hold their arm and they turn like this Now if you look at some people would argue that it could parry from the NCAA champion this year that he did Some of that stuff and if you look really carefully he has a style and he comes in But you're gonna notice he gets that arm open he creates a ton of speed He's a great technician and he has a style that is really really effective for him But what we see a lot of kids is doing they're actually turning like this and so they're not getting the proper Action of opening the arm and not the shoulder That's the key and so throwing clothes if you start here and you try to throw clothes You're gonna shift off your delivery side and that's gonna cause you to lose a lot of power And you're not gonna get as much separation So we would say learn how to open the arm properly without opening the shoulders something we talked about in the discus But that throwing clothes motion is a little bit more common because you have the shot here again So when you combine some of the things we talked about with winding and holding the arm That's where you really start to see that closed motion and it really affects the ability to create speed in the throw Okay, so if you guessed from watching our previous our discus mistakes and our glide mistakes You're gonna guess what was number one setting up incorrectly, right? You're failing to set up a chain reaction and we see so many throwers doing so many different things and we see this Type of thing and we'll see the arm folding across and too far of a wind and they're losing Separation or what we're gonna see is when they set up and you're watching videos of guys bending over What they'll do is they'll actually push the hips too far and they're here they're not actually paying attention to the path of the knees and the shoulders and having that connection that gets you around again if You look at the top four guys in the world this year gonna notice what I said It's the knees are on top of the toes and the shoulders over the knees a real simple tip How do we train all these positions? That's what we have inside the throwing chain reaction system Yes, again the goal is to help more people focus on the right things instead of spending a lot of times Just trying to piece together we put these videos together so that we create clear understanding of what you should be doing and then how Do you break it down and how do you apply drills and how do you train positions and how do you connect all the positions? So that you have the right rhythm timing so that you put together one fluid motion It's gonna create continual acceleration until the release of the implement That's what the system is all about but check out a free mini course comment below on something else You'd like to see any feedback if this all made sense. Thanks so much for watching again Hit that subscribe button turn on those notifications, and we will see you on the next video Hey everybody, it's Eric Johnson from AirTank Throwers Nation in today's video What we're gonna talk about is focusing on one thing to fix five now


There's a question about whether you can use the sound therapy together with the coils, and the answer to that is yes. The app has all these sounds on it. So each program is actually also a sound. So you can listen to the sounds and you'll get pretty good meditative experience. But when you plug in the cheat coils, then it turns the sound into electromagnetic field or energy field. But you can do both at the same time. You would just add a splitter and one side would go to the headphones and one side would go to the coils. That is also something that other devices cannot do.


Welcome to the Get, the podcast for enterprise leaders delivering timely insights for today's global economy and tomorrow's competitive advantage. I'm Chris Kane, President of the Center for Global Enterprise. In this week, we will be re-releasing key episodes from 2023 that we believe are very topical and on the minds of you, our listeners, given the challenges confronting business leaders around the world. Today, our replay is about the changes in U.S.-China relations and how they are shaping CEO decisions and new trade realities and how CEOs can embrace open-trade regionalization. You'll hear from John Hamry and Sam Palmisano, part one, and Victor Fun and Sam Palmisano in part two. The nations of the world just concluded global climate talks from Egypt at the UN-sponsored COP 27 conference. It is a current example of multilateralism. The issues of sustainability of our planet and climate change are perhaps the most pressing issues of the times. In Get, episode nine, Victor Fun and Sam Palmisano address the current state of multilateralism, trade, and sustainability. They provide you with a framework to think about the management trade-offs and investments relevant to global business success. And on today's podcast, we discuss global trade and how CEOs need to adjust to a new landscape that is very different from the rules and guidelines that have been in place for over 30 years. We're joined today by Victor Fun, Chairman of the Fun Group and the Asia Global Institute, and Sam Palmisano, Chairman of the Center for Global Enterprise and the America's Frontier Fund. Victor, Sam, thank you for joining us today and welcome. One of the greatest developments for global trade and economic drones after World War II was the creation of multilateral institutions that set the rules for international trade and economic relations among countries. The World Health Organization, the World Bank, the World Intellectual Property Organization and the World Trade Organization are among perhaps the most noteworthy for business leaders. These institutions have brought countries together to create and agree to a set of common rules and practices that were deemed to be in a nation's vested interest. But around the same time, the WTO was officially launched in January of 1995 to accelerate the harmonizing of rules for traditional commerce, technology was enabling a whole new type of commerce and the internet to become part of society. Only a decade later, e-commerce was a part of everyday life for billions of people. Platform business models broke onto the scene and delivered the matching of buyers and sellers with more efficiency and faster than traditional trade frameworks. You've both been leading CEOs and managed global businesses over the last 40 years. You also have deep insights about market access and working with governments on trade-related matters. Today's CEOs have to decide how to advance their strategic tangible and intangible investments and assets if they are to capture global opportunities. And yet they have to do this at the same time geopolitics is reasserting itself over geo-economics as the seemingly more forceful organizing principle for trade. So we see three pressing questions that CEOs must answer for themselves and their companies. And our first question is about multilateral institutions that seem to be losing their efficacy to manage global commerce and resolve disputes. How much effort should I, as a CEO, put into the WTO and other trade-related groups? Victor, perhaps we can begin with you and then we'll go to Sam. Chris, first of all, thank you very much for having me on the get. It's a great pleasure and honor to be here. Without doubt whatsoever, multilateral institutions has been the basis of the world's prosperity for the last 75 years since the Second World War. And I think we have all benefited greatly from the multilateral system. I guess all of us in the sort of practitioners in the world of business really are very much aware of the difficulties in operating that multilateral system, maybe for good 10, 15 years. Let's just recognize, first of all, what we're really seeing in terms of the reality of the world, and frankly, somewhat despite the geopolitics, the very tough situation that we're facing, the geopolitics, the world continues to progress in terms of trade and in terms of investment. And even in the recent figure show, although global trade has slowed down a bit, it's still increasing despite COVID, despite all the geopolitical issues. This ongoing development, I think it's going to be very important. Unfortunately, in my mind, I think I much prefer global multilateral system, breaking down more and more into trading blocks. We certainly experienced this in Asia. I think obviously, North and South America will be one block and in mere, Europe, Middle East and Africa will be another block. And things are progressing actually along the lines of different blocks. Now, if you look at the Asia block, I think the most significant thing that really executives need to be very much aware of is development of something called RCEP, the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. It's really consists of the 10 countries of ASEAN plus five, which is China, Japan, Korea and Asia and New Zealand. This comprises one third of the world's population, one third of the world's GDP and one third of the world's consumption. Now, the significant thing about the RCEP as being at the center of the Asian region and what's happening in Asia is the fact that it is really based on the concept of open regionals, which means more and more countries can join when it reaches a very low barrier. And it looks to expand as opposed to maybe other trading arrangements in the world are much more like a club, if you would, setting very high standards. And only if you can reach those high standards are you invited to join. So this open regionalism concept, I think we should be very much aware of. And what that's gonna do for RCEP is start rolling up the economy that want to join in. And that will become a more and more important free trade entity that the world will be working on. So zooming back and answering your question, Chris, if you look forward to the global situation, what I see is perhaps a reconstruction of the global trading system from the ground up within Asia, within Americas, within Europe and then coming back together and hopefully in a again seamless multilateral system. I think the idea of trying to reform the whole multilateral trading system from the top down is gonna be very difficult. Victor, thank you very much. Sam, you worked for decades with multilateral institutions and governments around the world and you were the creator of a phrase called the lower in the center of gravity sounds to me like the global trade systems center of gravity is being lowered at Victor is correct. Well, it's interesting and Victor is a great intellect and extremely knowledgeable in this whole area much more so than I am. But I would just make a couple of points which Victor is highlighting that I'll transition to your question, Chris. I mean fundamentally everybody was frustrated with the current status even when I was working in the multilateral system and the institutions. However, question was what do you replace it with? And that was always the challenge. Everybody at least in the business community was seeking something else, but no one could define the else that they were seeking. I think Victor's now come up with a model that these big large trading blocks could replace that as long as they connect. They're risk if they don't connect and the risk is actually to society. People need to stand back and understand that capability, materials, components are not limited to a region. They are global. I know the technology industry better than others but there's just capabilities, people, smart people, research institutions, not just the components, the materials, et cetera, et cetera that happen to be located around the world and to solve these future problems that we talked about in artificial intelligence and hyperscaling computing, you need to connect the world technically on those capabilities. Now we all understand that's a lot of pressure from various countries to limit that interaction today, especially when it comes to national security, but a lot of those technologies are used for the betterment of mankind, like healthcare, climate, I mean there are lots of things that when you'd want collaboration that solve these massive issues for our globe that aren't gonna be solved in a block. So that is the, I'd say the negative side of these trading blocks. However, that could also lead to a reconnection but that would require some broader leadership than we see today in the political systems around the world. I think you're absolutely right, Seth. We really should much prefer the multilateral system that will allow us to really conduct global trade as a whole. And I do see the difficulty in reconnecting the blocks as you point out. That's why the blocks is definitely the second best alternative, but we're there. Yeah, so Sam and Victor, it sounds like multilateral institutions from a CEO perspective are necessary but not sufficient and that a sufficiency is gonna have to target and point the CEO to a number of neighborhoods around the world. As the center of gravity has lowered in global trends, I'd like to turn our attention to the impact of technology on trade from your perspectives. Given the changing dynamics we just talked about and the geopolitical cyber threats that exist, how much risk do global platform businesses like Amazon and Meta and Alibaba, et cetera, represent to a company's ability to access markets and customers that they need in order to grow? Clearly, electronic commerce has become an easier path to the customer, whether that's a business or whether that's a consumer as trade has become both tangible and impangible, but there is a trade off to that. From a CEO perspective, how much of a risk do you think, given the cyber threats that we see materializing both by state actors as well as non-state actors, does this represent? Well, Chris, you make a very good point and there's been tremendous benefit that's called the hyperscalers, I mean the platform business models, that running these massive infrastructures as people refer to as cloud which is a nice little buzzword, but fundamentally, which absolutely created great computing capacity at a low cost point. So therefore, a lot of the benefits that these businesses were able to accomplish, whether it's in retail, advertising, built simple various points of these hyperscalers, but fundamentally was a result of that technology platform lowering the cost that made things much more affordable than what they were in the past. However, there's a risk in the hyperscalers and the risk, quite honestly for me, is not under, I'll call it their serviceability or disruption of service. Like early days of cyber attacks, it was a disruption of service. I don't think that's the issue. These infrastructures are pretty resilient. The issue to your point is the data. The data where it resides, how it's moved, got policies around that, that's the fundamental issue. From a CEO perspective, you start with something very, very simple. If you have anything that you view as very, very proprietary, you do not put it in the public cloud.  Now, there are ways to connect to the public cloud, there are ways to protect that data, it's called the hybrid bottle, et cetera, et cetera, but you would not take that fundamental risk to your business, whether it's your formulas associated with biotech or even Coca-Cola and Pepsi or the fundamentals algorithms that you might be using for exploration and production, those kinds of things, you would never let leave your firewall, right, where you can secure and protect it. You can translate that to national security interests as well. Those very, very important data sets, the issue there though becomes location of the data. That's what takes you in the public policy because there are all these restrictions put it in place because of privacy and there have been issues around privacy. So therefore, it's not surprising that Europe has set regulatory policies around the data itself and its transport work resides. It's not surprising that many ways that the current administration in China is shutting down some of the big consumer platforms as far as that data and the use of that data and you see regulations in the backstage as well. So the key there is the location of that data and the protection of that data. Now there are ways to do that quite honestly and still get the advantages of these hyperscalar models but it's certainly a strategic consideration. You cannot be frivolous in where that data resides and how you're moving that data, not only because of regulation, because regulation is, you and I know tends to be behind the problem because the technology moves so fast. So the regulating things that were relevant 10 or 20 years ago and by the time they get that passed everybody's moved on. That that's just the nature of technology progress. So my only point is that fundamentally I would have a data strategy and the protection of that data and if I was a business, I would get ahead of it. So if I, we have a consortium of 25 or 30 CEOs that will work on these problems Chris and they're working on getting ahead of these issues because the concern of the regulations it'll slow down innovation and it doesn't solve the problem quite honestly but that's because it always looks through the past. So key proprietary data, you don't put it in the public cloud. Very, very simple. Other issues where it resides and how you protect it's very, very important but be compliant or be a leadership position on data privacy versus trailing because if you're trailing you're going to be unhappy in your innovation. So CEOs are responsible for their company's assets and in today's world their company's assets are both tangible and impangible. Victor, you have been in business for a long time delivering assets to customers around the world and Asia probably is the fastest growing region that relates to impangible asset. Your thoughts on the question about the risk factors affiliated with global e-commerce platforms and the benefits in the trade off for a CEO? I think a CEO really got to put this absolute at the top of the list. One of the things I would say on a pragmatic level don't capture data that you really don't absolutely need and are sensitive, especially of a personal privacy nature that you have much more to worry about in terms of exposure.  You got to cut out this extraneous stuff because that really opens you up to a lot more risk because you're in possession of the data. So my first advice would be just make sure that you're capturing just the minimal set that is absolute essential for your business. Don't do anything extraneous just for the sake of capturing more data.  But I do want to say something else from a more macro global perspective in terms of competition. You know, I think one thing we really got to keep an eye on is the development of digitalization. I think this is a trend that we've all seen in the last 15 years and I would not be surprised if this trend will continue despite the geopolitics frankly, at the business level, at the micro level, you know, for the next 15 years or more. And I think what we're really seeing is with the development of increasing digitalization of the world, I think we're going to see a increasing empowerment of small and medium-sized enterprises, the SMEs. You'll see a lot more of them really being able to access the global system because of digitalization. I'm talking about all I see around Asia, not just China. India is really coming up. India is now in the midst of developing something they call ONDC, Open Network Digital Commerce. And they're giving a digital identity to every small and medium-sized enterprise in India. And we all know that India is a country with a huge number of small and medium-sized enterprises of shopkeepers. And they're going to enable those and it will be a government-sponsored network, minimal charge and giving them access. And these will go out of India and we'll be going global. So the competition that we're seeing will no longer be in a sense big company to big company. We're going to see a swarm of SMEs coming into the world through the digitalization process. And I think you'll be facing them much more than even other major companies that you traditionally face globally. It's a tremendously empowering moment in time, Victor. I agree with you 100%. The opportunities for small and medium businesses to reach beyond their traditional physical boundaries and have access to customers around the world is remarkable. And the opportunity will be fortified by good cyber strategies and practices. But what I hear you both saying is, like everything else CEOs have to do, they have to make choices about which data is most important and which data they need in order to operationalize their success and which data just happens to come along and represent a threat or an unnecessary burden. Let's put it that way. Let's talk about the third question. There's a lot of focus these days on sustainability. And CEOs are being asked about sustainability. CEOs are talking about sustainability. How much importance and impact do you assign to sustainability for a company to have trade success? Do you think the importance and the impact of sustainability for a company's trade success is high, medium, or low in today's world and looking five years down the road? I would say it's high plus. It's beyond high. We all know how important this is to the planet, but let's talk about business. I don't know of any company that doesn't say that we care a lot about sustainability. And this really comes to the very existential issue for the planet and for companies themselves because you know what? I think this is more than just a stock market issue or even a government or societal issue. It's really your customers, the ultimate consumers are really worrying about that unless you perform in that regard on sustainability, you're not gonna be around for a long time in my mind. So I would say it's absolutely essential in the long term, but I really like to make a very direct point on the difference between talk and actual action. Many, many companies talk a lot about sustainability, come up with a lot of nice looking reports on sustainability. And I think to actually really do something concrete as a gap. And if you talk about global supply chains and global trade, I would again move to the issue of digitalization. Once the global supply chain is gonna be totally digitalized, I think the key thing that you can really do with it is to actually work on the traceability of your raw materials down to first, second, third, fourth, fifth tier suppliers. You know, if you're in food or if you're in apparel, whatever it is, you can trace it all the way back to the farm and the growing and so on. So I think that really allows us to look at the progress of sustainability and also explicitly doing something about it in different parts of the supply chain. You really, for the first time with digitalization in my mind, you have the end-to-end visibility that will allow you to do something. So in order to meet this long-term goal and not just talk about the goal, thinking about the digitalization of the global supply chain as really now the tool that you have available to do something about it will be crucial. Sam, Victor has raised the bar. He gave high plus over to you.  At the end of World War II, the way companies, then multinationals, got permission from society to enter and do business was they put manufacturing capability or distribution capability in those countries. You know, IBM and Berlin. We can go around the world here and talk about those sorts of things as the world was rebuilding. That's what companies did. When manufacturing, they learned it became the center of the economy. So if you moved to more of a services economy, then you saw it move to intellectual property, collaboration with research institutions, creation of IP, et cetera, et cetera. So to Victor's point, here we are today, market access. When this world is digital, and it will be, it's gonna take some time. I mean, these things are 15 to 20 years. You used to talk about the e-commerce or the digital businesses. This will be like the datumop business. It'll be the data businesses. That's where it's evolving. In my world, it's a 15 to 20 year cycle. I could take it through 100 years of technology, but that's what it is. Having said all that, I think society, forget governments, government just, I think reflects society. Society is gonna cherish whether it's your brand or whether it's your relationship with the educational institutions. All the things businesses need to be successful. Society is gonna value people that are sustainable or the ones that aren't. That economic trade-off is gonna force companies to invest. That to me will be much more progress than all the regulations that they come up with. Because if you look at the regulations like today on these transitions, there's always something that's disrupted. Today it's the low income people that are being disrupted because of all these regulations. Energy bills are going through the roof. So you've won up to Victor, UN high plus one. Yes, you will. Exactly, it's off the charts. I mean, if you're running a company, other deal with all these short-term issues that we talked about, you have gotta come up with a strategy that connects your brand with the interests of those markets around the world that you operate in. So it's more complicated than just a global point of view. So if you're Nike or Underwater, you need to make sure that you're connected in China, in Brazil, in the United States and all your major markets, those sorts of things. Well, look at the close of every get podcast. We like to take the last minute or so to give our listeners one strategic insight to consider what we're gonna change it today, all right? But we call it the emerging critical issues moment. And here's how we're changing it. I'm gonna ask you each, if you were to recommend where today's CEO should put their corporate headquarters anywhere in the world, given the geopolitical and geoeconomic trends we've just discussed, where do you recommend a CEO place their headquarters in today's world? Victor, we'll go with you first. My gosh, what do you expect me to say? I would have to say Hong Kong. Yeah. I think we have been in the middle of global trade. We're at the heart of Asia. And I think under really one country, two systems, I think where we would have to wear with all to really access the Chinese market as well as the global markets. Okay, Sam. Yeah, I mean, I would go through a characteristics that why you locate. One is obviously a stable environment to operate within. So where do you have stability? That gets back to public policy and the economic systems and those sorts of things. So it starts with stability. The other thing you need to access the talent and you need to access the capital. So you're starting up a business, you have to have great people and you have access to the BCs or private equity or some public markets, whatever it happens to be. So I would just say something that's open and transparent and consistent. Now, when you would measure countries, you can do that if you, as you know, Chris, you did this for us at IBM, you could take those characteristics and you could quantify them and model those and decide where to go. But I would start with, I think open democratic systems long-term are gonna win because of talent development, low capital, somewhat business-friendly regulations than a closed proprietary system. It's no different than in technology. Open always beat up proprietary was just a question of time. I would challenge the idea of one headquarters in today's global world. I think we really got to get used to the idea of multi-location headquarters. I mentioned sort of the emergence of blocks. I think you can use other criteria, but I think in this sort of multilateral world that we're facing today, with such diversity, I think we really cannot think of one place where you can conduct global business, whether it's your political, whether it's open system, whether availability of raw materials or whatever. I think you've got to think in terms of multiple locations. So what you asked me, Chris was a trick question. HAHAHAHA It was for one location! Well, it wasn't a trick question, but you've improved upon it, Victor, so thank you very much. And with that, Victor and Sam, thank you very much for your time today. We hope our audience enjoyed this discussion about trade, which is a very dynamic part of life and the economy. So thank you very much. We really appreciate your time. You've been listening to the get sponsored by the Center for Global Enterprise, celebrating 10 years of convening global enterprise leaders around the most important business transformation. Today, we sit down with two people who have been leaders in U.S.-China relations, one in government and one in business. John Hamry is president and CEO of the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C. He formerly served as the 26th U.S. Deputy Secretary of Defense and is chairman of the Defense Policy Board under four secretaries of defense. And Sam Palmolosano, chairman of the Center for Global Enterprise. He also serves as chairman of the America's Frontier Fund, a non-profit deep tech strategic investment fund and was formerly chairman and CEO of president of IBM. John and Sam, welcome and thank you for helping us discuss this defining issue. Glad to be with you. Thanks, Chris. So both the United States and China have recently announced plans and enacted policies that will affect each other and more broadly the global economy. The two largest economies in the world will shape the nature of business over the next 30 years in perhaps more pronounced ways than they have over the last 30 years. Two factors in particular shaped the last few decades of global economics. In December of 2001, the U.S. granted China permanent, most favored nation trade status and China was formally admitted into the World Trade Organization. Since then, CEOs have operated their businesses to factor in a relatively cooperative economic and geopolitical relationship between the U.S. and China. But today things are different. We will discuss how things have changed and what are the factors CEOs need to address as they execute their business over the next few decades. John, perhaps we can start with you. You have served in the U.S. government for many years and in many different capacities. You have directly dealt with many countries of the highest level. You recently wrote about the resurgence of geopolitics over geo-economics as the organizing force for the years ahead. Can you elaborate on this and what you think it means for CEOs? Well, thanks, Chris. I wrote that in the context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. And I do think that it marks a significantly different period in our approach to international relations. You know, really for the last 30 years, as you noted in the setup for the question, it was basically a fairly politically benign time in global commerce. We invited China to join the WTO. We worked hard to try to pave a way for that. There was a pretty permissive environment. There were some scratchy episodes, but nothing that really fundamentally changed the underlying economics. But the war in Ukraine triggered something quite profoundly new. You know, we decided to weaponize the global financial system. I mean, to put swift sanctions, restrictions on Russia, we mobilized the most comprehensive sanctions on economic commerce with Russia. This means we took what people for 30 years considered to be maintaining a public utility, you know, global finance, and we turned it into the weapon that we could use in a war that where we didn't want to get involved militarily, but we wanted to affect the outcome. This is a pretty different world. Now, I will say, I think I had personally anticipated in March last year that this would bifurcate the international political order. It did not. And that's largely because China chose not to let it become a divisive point. So it, but I still think geopolitics is going to be a dominant factor. So Sam, given your former and current private sector activities, what do you think this new U.S.-China environment means for CEOs from a business and an investment perspective? Chris, I mean, I agree with John. I mean, basically what's happened is whether it's national, security, or nation's own self-interest, whatever you want to be, has overridden some of the things that were viewed as economically beneficial for all. I mean, when the world integrated after World War II, it really did lift millions and millions of people out of poverty. Standards of living are better. Life expectancy is lower. So there was a great benefit to that. And that's not being challenged. I think John, I completely agree with John. The war's exacerbated that and brought some things into focus. But it's been under challenge for the past two years. If you just look at recently at China, then we're talking about China today, I would put my hat as the CEO. As you know, in the past 90 days, China has completely flipped their policies. COVID-free has now changed. The pressure on the technology sector and innovation is now opening up again. And credit or financing to the property sector is also opened up again. So yes, they're in an economic downturn. Forget the numbers that are public. Nobody believes them anyway, but it's either slow or negative. And then fundamentally, these things have changed. The reason I mentioned the question is, what's going to happen next? And as a CEO, you're worried about, because you're making long-term investments. And so you're worried about, is this actually a philosophical change, or are they going to go back to their old audiology? Are they going to go back to the malice approach or to go back to done? You will see, but as a CEO and you're planning, you really can't plan that things are going to return to the way they were, let's say, six or seven years ago, given what's happened recently, and now they're pivot now. But that means overnight they could pivot again. So I guess my only point is, you need a plan B. You need to have a business as usual, plan it, maybe you assume the next couple of years are fine, as far as being able to invest and get returns in China. But you also need a plan to protect your assets, assuming this thing reverses itself again. Well, that's the title of our session today, which is looking ahead at US-China relations and factors shaping CEO decisions. Sam, you're certainly right on point, given the scope of what we want to talk about today. John, from a government perspective, the pivots that Sam just described by President Xi, do you anticipate that this will continue to be kind of a dynamic policy approach by Xi, or do you think this is a temporary let-up without necessarily a fundamental shift on his part? We don't really don't know that. I don't think there's a view on that. He held very firmly to his COVID policy as well as to the more restrictive policies that were choking off the real estate sector, pretty firmly up until one weekend, and then bam, it changed. Now, one can say that he had gone through the 20th Party Congress and he cemented his power status. And if you believe that's the case, then you say, well, he has the flexibility to move things around. And he was holding a firm line as long as he could until he knocked off all the internal opposition. The other is that he is authentically worried about the health of the economy and that the decisions that he thought were right were damaging the economy and he is recalibrating. Now, does that mean he changes his underlying? He's still basically a Marxist. He's a Leninist Marxist. He believes in common ownership of the means of production and believes in a central Leninist Party that directs the economy. So, is it tactical or has he made a realistic change? I don't think we really have an agreement on that. I think probably the predominant view is that it's tactical, but I don't think we know. Let's talk a little bit about the US-China economic relationship that has been quite a powerful engine for global growth over the last 30 years and had profound effects on people around the world and countries around the world. There's been a lot of discussion about the decoupling of the US and China economies and the impact it will have on global economic growth. Certain investments in operations in sectors such as semiconductors or deep tech technologies and certain consumer, even certain consumer technologies are being constrained by both countries. Do you see government policy restrictions expanding? And if so, what areas of business do you see next? Sam, maybe we can start with you and then go to John on this. Yeah, yeah, Chris. I mean, let me comment on that. I completely agree with John and nobody can really call what's going to happen in China. We know where he is philosophically in ideology. Who knows? I mean, and that's a little bit of, brings uncertainty into the things that you're talking about, like sanctions or tariffs or restrictions as far as the flow of technology around the world. I really did believe at the end of the day that these economies, these countries will not decouple. And the reason I say that is because their economies need each other and either you're going to lower your standard of living for your population, which is probably not attractive, or you're going to defund entitlements of the military, which is again, probably not constructive. Because you have to have a robust economy to do these things. I admit that I'm not an ideologue, I'm a pragmatist, which says though that you can't disconnect completely these two economies and accomplish those goals. Now, however, I do think the points that you've made as you project out to the future, anything that they view as related to national security when it comes to technology, that is going to come under restriction and pressure. Not just the short term as far as technology around semiconductors and the equipment that produces the semiconductors. And that's what you see going on right now. But even future areas like quantum computing, 5G cyber infrastructure, those sorts of things, biologics, biotech, all those areas, I believe are going to be more challenging.  Joe? What worries me is that we have two political parties that don't agree on much these days in the US, but there are two things that they really do agree on. One is a parochialism about America, by America and one form or another. And the other is a fear and loathing of China. And this is bipartisan now. And I think that could become dangerous in months ahead. I think there'll be fighting and scratching at each other nonstop, but they're ready to align themselves together if the right stimulus presents itself. Now, when I thought the major development of the Biden administration was the semiconductor restrictions announced last September, because the most important thing was the accompanying narrative for it. Our historic industrial policy, we don't call it that, but it is our historic industrial policy was always, we will restrict people from having access to cutting edge technology today. We will allow our companies to export and sell or older technology and we will subsidize companies to invest in the next generation. You know, that was our national strategy and that was coherent because it meant that companies could, they could capitalize on the productive revenue opportunities that came with old technology, use it to invest in new technology. And so that, you know, there was a logic to the framework, but when Jake Sullivan gave his presentation, he basically said, we're gonna try to restrict everything. Now that's a very problematic shift. And I don't think we really know where it's going yet. I think American semiconductor companies are very nervous about this. I know our foreign partner countries that are in semiconductor are very nervous about this because they continue to wanna sell in the China market. And they don't want to give China a protected enclave to develop a competitor. So I think it's unstable, but I think the trend of our macro politics is going to be difficult and challenging. So you and I worked closely together when you were in government, I was at IBM around that very subject matter, which is those technologies that are leading and developed in the United States and how do we create a market oriented approach to giving the United States a lead in those technologies without it being captured by adversaries in a global market? Which is a perfect tie into the next question that I really wanna ask you both about. And in many respects, it's both a policy, but also a management question, which is in the previous periods where geopolitics was the organizing force for a global business, read that to be the Cold War era. US government oversaw compliance by US business through a spectrum of expert controls. You were just referring to that, John. Today, the global economy and technologies are very different than they were during that period. We have cryptocurrencies, we have pervasive computing, we have digital products and services, we have global supply chains. So should business leaders be expecting a return to detailed export control regulation by the US government and be reinvesting in the operating controls to ensure that they are compliant? Because we were benefited greatly during the period of trade liberalization where export controls were allowed to be loosened up around this very concept of dual use technologies, consumer technologies, et cetera. Are we reentering a period where the export control environment is tightening and therefore companies are gonna have to begin the reinvestment of management processes internally. So John, maybe we can go with you. I think the announcements on semiconductors in September clearly suggests we're heading that way and at the time, informally, they were saying there's lots more coming, it's gonna be in other sectors, we're gonna go into biotech and we're gonna go into medtech, et cetera. Now we haven't seen that and I think the administration has been quietly getting a lot of pushback from the business world and from our allies. I mean, I think that there's a general agreement on limiting the most advanced semiconductors that are used for artificial intelligence but there is not an agreement on constraining semiconductors just generally. So I think they're getting pushback but I know the administration said that they had a vision of much more expansive controls. Now, export controls only work if there's a consensus on them. What happened at the end of the Cold War was we kept export controls in place but nobody else in the world did and so it kind of lapsed, although the mechanism is still there, Americans still have to get, you gotta get an export license for the radiator for a 50 year old truck design if it's in a military vehicle. Stupid, but we still have it but we could be marching down that road again but it only will work as if there's a broad consensus among affected parties and right now I don't think we have that. So Sam as a CEO, what would you be doing now internally in the planning process, given the direction yet the uncertainty that we've just been talking about? Yeah, I think Chris that, John's right, the world doesn't work this way anymore and I don't know how effective controls would be. Let's go back to semiconductors. There are five or six key countries that are advancing semiconductors and China's not one of them. There's only ones in the United States, you have Japan, you have Korea, you have the Netherlands, you have a couple of European countries, you have Germany, et cetera, et cetera. That's the industry. So I know the politicians would like it not to be that way, but that is what it is and you can't get the tooling if you have these controls, you can't get the materials, the design tools, all those things are completely globalized and the best solution is to have these like-minded nations work together, not restrict them. The other thing, that's why I think you see this European reaction to some of these things even in the automotive industry with EVs because they view it as biasing the US, you know, for their own self-interest but impacting our allies. I just quote, I should say, that if I was running the company that some rational behavior would some point occur.  I understand that, John's right to have some kind of logical behavior versus their positions they like to take, but fundamentally, those controls would be destructive to the things they're trying to accomplish. So I would start with if I was a company educating those people and why it's destructive. And you see that going on now in semiconductors quite honestly and you're gonna see it going in biotechnology as well. We're gonna try to educate these people so they understand that this is gonna hurt us as much as everybody else. Well, going back to the previous era of geopolitics being the organizing principle, you had allies as John said who had less scrutiny from our export control system than other countries who were not considered allies and therefore the world was broken up into different lists of countries that were assigned different levels of risk. So the sounds though, like the French shoring concept, which has been talked about by folks in the administration and elsewhere is one way of finding maybe an HOV lane stamp for what you're talking about, which is if Japan and the Netherlands and other countries are considered friends for the semiconductor space, then maybe as the CEO you target your investment into those countries as opposed to someplace else. Well, yeah, I mean clearly I would not put assets into countries today like Russia obviously or China. I would not be putting hard assets into this location. I would try to figure out in China how to operate economically without having hard assets there. And there is a solution to that quite honestly. There are ways to do that as you and I know because it created a lot. But I wouldn't be putting it if we stay on semiconductors, a fabricator in China if I was IBM to them. I'd keep it. Some I would either put it in Germany or the United States, quite honestly. That means though, the reason why we'll and to jump to this American Frontier Foundation, we're gonna, we should be collaborating with these countries. It is at the research for future technologies is very expensive and it's very hard to do. The fact that we think we're gonna go along is very naive. It's not technically sound. So what you need to have, you need to do is have relationships with these five or six countries where you have that expertise is my point. So you really can't in any way disrupt the system the way it works today and expect to be self-sufficient and leading in semiconductors. You will fall behind. Forget the $52 billion in the CHIPS Act. That's like four fabs, guys. You know, that's nothing compared to what's required from the R&D is the tools, the material science, all those sort of things that need to be done. And that's all done globally. So I think it would be destructive to the industry and destructive to our economy if we decided to say it all has to be in the United States. John, if you were asked by CEOs and companies who were participating in sensitive industries or some of these strategic technologies that we were talking about, what countries would be the safest for me to invest in? Suggest the top three? Well, I think, Chris, I think the challenge with the question you oppose it is depends on what it is.  You've got to go to certain places to get lithium. If you're talking about building factories and having manufacturing in a country, I agree that there's a chill in the air on China. But there's no country in the world that has put together the whole package the way that China has. The internal transportation networks are dovetailed into intermodal transit, efficient ports. If you need a longer runway, they'll extend a runway for you so that you can get in different.  And I don't see another country getting close in the near term in having it. So I think for manufacturing, I think China is still going to be a pretty central actor in global supply chains for a long time. I don't think that's going to go away soon. I mean, it's a very important point for your listeners here is that last year, the world invested in about 2 million industrial robots, half of them were in China. Tell me who's gonna step in and replace China as a manufacturing power center given the way they've got the package together right now. So I think we've got a long way before we're going to see a shift. So recently, President Xi and Biden met face-to-face in Indonesia and they have announced new high level meetings in defense, foreign affairs, and financial sectors. But what's notably absent from these positive actions is trade, commerce, and scientific cooperation. So what should CEOs and other business leaders take from this? If anything, is it to be determined and don't worry about it? Or is it a message, John, let's start with you. Is it a message that you think is telling as to the geopolitical relationship that these two largest economies are in right now? I think it's a leading indicator of the problems that we're going to have with each other. I mean, part of it is a unique problem with the Biden administration. They don't want a trade policy. There's a proclism about the Biden administration about manufacturing and it just, there is no trade policy. They've got something they call the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework, but it's, there's nothing in it. Just a label. Asian friends are working with them, trying to get them to agree to put content in it, but I don't think that's happening. But when you get to something like technology restrictions, I think, unfortunately, this is now a bipartisan consensus partly based on paranoia, partly based on protectionism, legitimate protectionism. You know, the Chinese do spy. I mean, after all, they've been trying to steal secrets, but we're starting to see real restrictions coming in place and a very little known thing right now, the Biden administration is talking about doing away with non-compete clauses on business. Well, what they haven't thought through is a non-compete clause restricts foreigners from taking trade secrets back home. So we could see a real ratcheting up of other restrictions in technology controls once the dawn's on them that one agenda is in conflict with another. So I would be nervous about where we're heading right now if I were a business guy.  No, I'm kind of where John is. I mean, they had a meeting, but they didn't establish anything that I understand is called guardrails of some kind or lanes we could operate within. I don't know that that's been defined. And so I would just be cautious. I mean, you'd have to watch closely, guys. I mean, you know, as a CEO, especially if you're operating outside your domicile country, whether that's your European United States, it doesn't much matter. You need China for business growth, right? In tech, it's like either the largest or second largest market in the world. So you can't say I'm going to avoid the largest market, second largest market in the world. But my point being is I would just be watching and trying to see where this thing goes. I wouldn't be committing much of anything. You'd be operating your business, dealing with the, you have enough pressure on the business these days called high inflation, commodity prices going through the roof, labor costs is going through the roof, economy slowing in a macroeconomic environment.  So I would, I'd be watching, I'd be relying on people like yourself, Chris, to keep us informed what's going on. But I wouldn't be acting quite yet. The title of today's session is looking forward, looking ahead to US-China relations because CEOs and businesses need to know how to plan and they need to know how to plan and informed in an knowledgeable way. So I want to thank you both for joining in the conversation today. Hopefully it's been helpful to our listeners. But before we close, we like to use the last minute or so to give our listeners some strategic insights to think about. We call it our emerging critical issues moment. So in one word or one phrase, please tell us what emerging issue do you see on the horizon that business leaders ought to be putting on the radar? So John, why don't we start with you? There's a proclism that's growing in American politics and the only antidote to that is business has to be engaged in Washington. You got to come here and share your insights. But I don't think this is unavoidable. We now have to have the business world in Washington sharing its insights about what we have to do. And do you see that same involvement by business leaders in other capitals around the world? Maybe in Europe and elsewhere. Oh yeah, no, no, the Europe has put together a consultation mechanism with the business world that's much more effective than ours. Now, unfortunately, the regulatory environment in Europe is choking off for their future. So Europe has decided they're going to manage their future by controlling access to their consumers, not by stimulating an innovative economy. And so that's why we're scratching at each other right now. I mean, that's why the Europeans are all pissed off at us over the new green investment stuff that the Biden administration put in because they don't have it. And so their solution is we're not going to let American companies sell into our market. Okay, so we're going to have some challenging days, I think, with our allies, too. Sam, one thought, one word, that CEOs ought to be putting on their radar. I'm going to give you a technology lens versus a geopolitical economic, Chris. I would say this whole accept area or chat GPT, I would think about the same way what we thought about digital currencies before FTAC. Well, the GPT is getting a lot of attention. And so is silver's Bitcoin, across all generations, too, right? Not just my generation. Absolutely, yeah. All right, well, great. And we will come back to these critical issues in future shows, but John and Sam, thank you for your time today and your insights. It's been very enjoyable and helpful. And you've been listening to the get sponsored by the Center for Global Enterprise celebrating 10 years of convening global enterprise leaders around the world to the most important business transformation issues.


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