All right.  Actually, he's been buying farmland since the financial crisis. I think since 2008, he's been buying a lot of farmland. Some people are freaking out. A lot of people are freaking out. A lot of people are freaking out. He's planning to starve us. Yeah, probably. One of the reasons rich people buy farmland is because farmland is a fantastic hedge against inflation. Farmland is a great investment against bad times, inflation, depression, civilizational collapse. You always need food. Land is always valuable. And I know a lot of wealthy people who are not named Bill Gates, who after the 2008 financial crisis invested a lot of money into farmland. That investment has done phenomenally well. Farmland has grown in value fantastically. With inflation now, you'd expect that people would have invested more into farmland because as everybody's been expecting inflation for a long time. So Bill Gates, just as part of it, diversifying his asset bait, he's got a lot of money in the stock market. He's got a lot of money in venture capital. He's got a lot of money in all kinds of private businesses. And he's got a lot of money in farmland, which is part of the diversification. And when you're that rich, then you're going to own a bunch of farmland if you want to invest in it. Diversification means a lot of money. You know, one of the questions you have to ask yourself is, is freedom good? Or is it just the desire? I don't believe most people desire freedom.  The fact that we have not been free in 99.9% of human history may be suggest that we do not desire freedom. And the reason we don't desire freedom is what I said earlier. The reason we don't desire freedom is we've been trained. We've been told that we cannot take care of ourselves. We cannot achieve happiness as individuals. We do not get to choose. We should not be able to choose what values to pursue and not pursue. It's good only if you have a perspective on the individual and his ability to pursue happiness, his ability to reason, his ability to know the world and to achieve success. Freedom is the condition by which this is a respond to Ashton. Freedom is the condition by which by which people can pursue their values based on their reason with no coercion, no force, no authority imposed on them.  Freedom is there to protect the rational. Freedom is there to protect the valuer. Freedom is there to protect your ability to reason, to think, and then to act on those thoughts. And yes, it protects the irrational as well, but that's not its purpose. The purpose of freedom is to protect the good, to protect you from being able to live. And the fact is that most of humanity, most of the time is wrong about most things. And what we need is a philosophical shift so that people value their own mind, people value their own life, people value their own reason and they and people learn that they are capable of reason. And only then will people desire freedom, fight for freedom and sustain freedom in periods where individualism is on the rise and reason is on the rise. Those are periods where people desire and value freedom, the Enlightenment into the 19th century and into the 20th century. Periods where we don't respect the individual, where we view anything in terms of the collective and where importantly, we don't value reason, we value religion, we value mysticism, we value revelation, we value genes, we denounce free will. Those are periods in which people don't desire freedom and they don't get freedom where freedom is on the decline. We're living through a period like that right now. So freedom is an achievement. It is a massive achievement. It's why it's only been attained for so little time in human history. Yes, being capable of reason, make freedom good, absolutely. That is the logical link. The logical link is between, between reason and freedom. It's why the rediscovery, the reassertion of the primacy of reason during the Enlightenment led to economic and political freedom. And you can't separate the two. And it's the link is straightforward. The idea that every individual can reason, that every individual can understand the world around him and can choose his own rational values and pursue his own happiness and that that is valuable. Happiness, individualism, but that it's possible through reason. Well, if you think about that, then people in the Enlightenment in the 18th century, they couldn't choose their profession. They did what their father did. They couldn't choose who to marry. They married who their parents assigned to them. They couldn't choose their political leader. That was assigned by aristocrats or whoever or God or whatever. They couldn't choose how, where to live their lives. There were laws in England that said if you were born in parish actually you have to stay in parish extra the rest of your life. You had no choice. In the 18th century, they woke up and said, but wait a minute. If I can think for myself, if I can discover truth for myself, if I can use my mind, then why can't I make these choices? Why can't I choose where to live, who to marry, what job to take and what political leader? I demand freedom. Why do I demand freedom? Because I can think, because I can make decisions for myself, because I can reason. Because I can choose the values necessary for my own existence. I don't need the Pope. I don't need a king. I don't need a philosopher king to tell me how to live, what to do. So you cannot get freedom. In a society that doesn't respect reason and a society that respects reason, people will demand their freedom because they want to use their minds. They want to make their own choices. And it doesn't matter how poor or how rich they are. A reasonable person, that is a person who lives on the basis of reason will always, always, always choose freedom. Most people have been taught they shouldn't use their mind. Most people have been taught they shouldn't think for themselves. Most people have been taught not to use their reason. And yes, most people, unfortunately, are unreasonable today with regard to many aspects of their life. That's why we're moving away from freedom. But that is a consequence of our educational system. That is not inherent in people. In the 18th century, most people discovered reason and demanded their freedom. And they will again sometime in the future. Thank you for listening or watching the Iran Book Show. If you'd like to support the show, we make it as easy as possible for you to trade with me. You get value from listening. You get value from watching. Show your appreciation. You can do that by going to IranBookShow.com slash support.  Also, if you'd like to see the Iran Book Show grow, please consider sharing our content. And of course, subscribe. Press that little bell button right down there on YouTube so that you get an announcement when we go live. And for those of you who are ready subscribers and those of you who are ready supporters of the show, thank you. I very much appreciate it.


Welcome to the show. It's me, John Park. It's time for another episode of John Park's workshop. That's where we are. We're here in my workshop today. I left my locker door open. I just noticed that. I was getting some Goo Gone out of there. You ever use that stuff, that orange Goo Gone? I needed some earlier and I'll show you why in a little bit. Let's see. What else is new here? We've got the usual opening remarks. I've got an Adafruit Jobs plug. Jobsadafruit.com plug. Product pick of the week. I'll show you a little recap of that. We'll do Circuit Python Parsec. Then I have a really fun, simple LCD display hack and some general talk about LCD stuff, why I'm talking about it, why I think it's cool, why I think you might also. More to come. First of all, I'll say, if you're wondering where the chat is coming from, who am I talking to? Well, it's you. It's you over in the Discord. That's our main chat. If you want to jump into that Discord chat, you can head over to adafruit.it. Then you'll get an instant invite into our chat server. Then you can jump into the live broadcast chat channel. You can see it listed there on the left there. I see Grover. Hey, BlitzCityDIY. I see a mysterious animated ellipsis because Todd Bot is typing welcome. I'm also keeping an eye out on our YouTube chat over there, Anthony and Becara. Hello, Dave, Odessa. Nice to see you. Welcome and thanks for coming and joining us for the show. For some reason, my setup for broadcasting to Facebook didn't work today. I don't know why. It never showed up with the, hey, let's broadcast this thing. Sorry if you usually watch on our Facebook page, but maybe you can join us over on YouTube or Twitch or one of the other places where we are broadcasting. Let's see.  It's dumb, but it's funny. LCD. Let's see. First of all, I mentioned we have our jobs board, so if you head on over to jobs.adafruits.com, it'll look an awful lot like this thing right here. On the jobs board, it doesn't cost anything. You can just send in a job submission, follow the guidelines there. You just need a login and password for Adafruit's sort of general login system. It doesn't cost anything, but the jobs are vetted. You'll know that we're not just letting spam flow on through. The jobs will get an eyeball or two from Phil and Lamore. If you want to go and look for work, it's probably good stuff. If you want to post your own job listing, you can do that for free if you're looking to hire someone. Also, if you're looking to get hired, you can post up your info over in the available for hire section. I can jump over there. Let's see. There it is. Am I logged in? If I am, then I can go there. Yeah, I am. Look at all these available for hire. Here's someone in Chile who's got 3D CAD production supervisor R&D innovation projects. If you're looking for someone, click on that. Follow that one or any of these other links that you see. That's at jobs.adafruit.com. Next up, we've got that right there. That is my show on Tuesdays. It's at this time right here. It's about 1pm Pacific time, 4pm Eastern time in the US. On that show, I like to pick a product that is new or interesting. It doesn't always have to be new. This is a fairly new one this week. We take a look at it. We go into the datasheet. We play around with it. We hook it up, or I show you a canned demo, more likely. It takes a little too long to hook it up right there. Maybe it's software that we discuss how it works.  Almost always. Sometimes that percentage will vary. But it's always a big discount. This week goes 50% off on these three packs of the clicky buttons. Clicky clicky. And you don't need a coupon code or anything. Just buy it during the show and you get it for that excellent price. And here's a little recap of this week's episode. Step switches with LEDs. Clicky clicky clicky. Blinky blinky blinky. I was inspired to look for these because of my great love of the Roland TR-808. I decided to call them step switches. There are the different colors that we have. So we've got a white, a gray, a black, blue, yellow, red, and green. This works well, same with these really nice Proto boards that Adafruit has. With this code right now is that when it starts up, it does a couple little blinks. And then it waits for me to pick a mode. So if I pick the first mode, this is now in MIDI toggle mode. So I have four different MIDI CCs that I can toggle on and off. That's all done in software. So there's no connection between the LED and the switch in the mechanism itself. You can decide in software how to respond to clicks or not using either a on-off of the LED or PWM if you want to fade them. That's my product pick of the week. It is the step switch with LED pack of three. Yes, indeed. And by the way, I had mentioned in there that I had to come up with a name for them because there was no good thing to search for even when I was trying to find if these exist currently. As I'd mentioned, the originals in the Roland products were an Alps tax switch plus an LED plus a custom injection molded plastic frame and rocking mechanism. There wasn't a sort of all-in-one switch. I ended up calling step switches because they look like little steps and they're used for steps and step sequencers. But Todd had posted that cool little Pico sequencer of his and on Twitter people were discussing, is there a name for these? The best we could come up with was, let me see, do I have a Chrome capture window? These guys, C&K switches, oh, they're now part of littlefuse. C&K may have made the original of this that everything else is a copy. I think after the Roland 808 era, but to make a sort of all-in-one switch with the LED sort of integrated in there. I think it was C&K. Let's see. They probably call this a tactile switch. Let's look and see. And if anyone in the chat can remember Todd, if you're around, it had a terrible name that I couldn't stand. And it was after the fact. I'm already dubbing these step switches, but they have digit scrub or something like that. What was the name of their? Let's look for them here. Oh, no. Oh, and now the thumbnails disappear. Let's see. MP01 might have been their line. MP01. No, all right. Let's do a Google search on that. C&K, MP01. MP, all right. I'm getting there. I see it. Be there any moment. Is this going to be it? Oh, no, that's on eBay. So even they avoid the weird gross name. Digit task. That was it. Todd, let's look that up. Why digit task? Are you kidding? Digit task. Is it because it's fantastic? Digit task. That's probably what these are a clone of. The brand that we're selling. What's that one say? I can't even read that one. Can I see that in my down shooter? No. Some of my photos are close up enough and well lit enough to see it. I'm not going to be hung by or something like that. Anyway, I'm not calling it that. Forget I ever said anything. It's not that. Can't be that. So step switches. That's what I said. All right. Enough ranting about that. Why don't we do a circuit Python parsic? Okay. Here we go. For the circuit Python parsic today, I want to show you how you can create a mode select inside of your circuit Python code. So what this means is when the program starts up on your device, in this case, a circuit playground express, it will wait for some kind of user input before doing whatever the other thing is that we're trying to do. So in this case, I have a simplified version of a button presser that will either do a MIDI mode or it will do a item select mode for a game similar to one I had done here. So on this, when it starts up, it is blinking yellow. And if you look at my little readout in the serial display, it says select the mode by pressing a button. So I'm going to press one of the buttons. If I press the first button, it says, okay, we're in MIDI mode now. And now you can see my LEDs turn blue. And now I'm just, I'm rocking them in this mode here where what I do is the thing I wanted the program to do. However, if I restart this kind of getting myself back to that initial state, it's going to say, okay, we're in select mode. It's going to go to yellow here in a second. And then it's going to say select the mode by pressing a button. Okay, this time I'll press the second button. Now I'm in this green mode, and that's actually going to pick between a couple of different audio inputs for me in this case. It just accidentally restarted itself. So now I'm in selector mode. Now the way you do this in code, you can see here, I have a section of code called while not. And that's the key. Essentially, we have a loop that we're going to stick inside of until that condition is proved false. So while we're not button picked, which I have a little variable here called mode picked rather, mode picked is false. So when this starts up, we can't get out of the loop. So it's sitting there essentially just waiting for a button press. Once a button press happens, oh, okay, that's been satisfied. I've changed the state of mode picked to be true. Now it can move on with life, introduce some new libraries, define some things, and then get to our main loop, which is while true, same sort of principle, except this one runs forever. And so that is how you can create a mode select inside of CircuitPython. And that's your CircuitPython Parsec. All right. You know, I've done some versions of this before. I've even done multi-layered ones. So I have some of my little keyboard projects using mechanical key switches where I don't have a lot of interface. I don't have a screen. I don't have knobs and things. But what I can do is wait on startup for some user buttons to get pressed and then maybe have a second mode where the lights blink and say, okay, now we're ready for another selection. So you're going and picking things like, oh, I'm sending MIDI CCs and I'm sending these numbers or I'm picking this minor key and this is the root or so on different modes and so forth. So it can be really helpful with a minimum interface, a minimal interface to set up these mode selections or get yourself a screen and an encoder. That makes life a lot easier. Okay. Let's see. Next up. So I wanted to talk about some of these LCD hacks and one of my inspirations for doing them in the first place. So let's actually take a look here. Where is my, I guess I can do it from this screen here. If I jump back over to Adafruit for a moment and just type in LCD. See, we have this LCD feather wing that Joe Castillo of Oddly Specific Objects came out with recently. And I was playing around with this. It's really, really cool. So this is liquid crystal display. Means that it has a predefined set of numbers, letters and symbols that it can display, essentially baked in graphics that can be turned on and off. And so it's not a general purpose raster display where you can throw anything on there you want. You work within the constraints of what it's been designed for. And Joey's was designed particularly with clock-like projects in mind it seems. So it's got AM and PM. I'll show you some of the things it has actually in a second. Battery icon, a Wi-Fi icon, an alarm or a bell. And the way these work is really fascinating. It's a whole subject unto itself. And what I would recommend if you're interested in them is head on over to YouTube and look for a YouTuber named Posey, POSY. And he has three videos on how LCDs work, some of the history of LCDs and some discussion of the design of the segments for segmented displays that are in common use or in some cases not so common use, as well as some hacks and things that you can do. And that inspired me to dive into just one particular type of hack which is a polarization film hack. So Joey's featherwing is out of stock right now but I recommend signing up to be notified if you're interested in it. Hopefully you'll have another batch of them coming out. They're gorgeous. And that's one of the benefits of an LCD display. While it's not capable of displaying anything you feel like it looks great with the things that it was designed for. They can have very specific typefaces, the sharpness and the clarity, the contrast. Really, really beautiful. So what I'm going to do is I'll show you, first of all, just the project I've been working on once I put mine together to start playing around with it. So let me grab my down shooter here. Not that. That. And plug this in. So it's a featherwing which means I can use it on a feather doubler or quadrupler like I have here. And you can see I don't actually have a nice shadow on there. Let me get that shadow out of the way and I'll prove the exposure because this looks really great in bright light because it is the really crisp black liquid crystal display over a sort of silvery gray background which is super high contrast. One of the other benefits of these are the power consumption is incredibly low. Just orders of magnitude I think lower than something like a seven segment LED display or forget it with a TFT or an OLED. So it's not uncommon to find an old wristwatch at the thrift store that's been running on one battery over 10 years that just incredibly low power consumption displays. You don't really need to turn them off ever if you don't want to. And so with Joey's display here what I've got going right now is just a little test I wanted to do of creating a clock that I can set the tempo of music that's or sequencers or synthesizers that are listening for a MIDI clock signal. So it's a fairly standardized way to send your tempo around to different machines. And I won't hook it up to audio stuff right here and now just show visually the display. Right now it is working just over USB. I don't have the classic TRS output.  And you can see here what I'm doing is I have a couple of our little mechanical key switches that I'm using to change the tempo and increments of 10 and I can either subtract 10 or add 10 to it. And then on the LCD side of things you can see I've got let me see if I can zoom in even closer and still focus. There we go. You can see I have a bit of a hack to be able to write BPM. This is I think a five digit display. It has five full seven segment equal size digits. So again, great for clock as a colon that can appear between the first two and the second two digits. And it has a couple of pre-built symbols. And I mentioned it was designed for particularly useful for clock stuff. So it has a PM signal. So I symbol. So I hijacked the PM to write BPM beats per minute. So I have a B and then I have the little PM symbol. You also see there's a data transfer symbol that Joey designed there. So that's got this sort of out and in arrow pairing that can be triggered. And one of the things about how LCDs work is that you have these different symbols and they light up sometimes in groups. So you can't always say anything I see on there. I can just light it. So I can't just light up that M of the PM symbol. That's on essentially one connection of a common and a signal pin. So when that one is high, I presume that's the right terminology for it, then the PM comes on. So those aren't separate objects. Same with this arrow. So it's in and out always. And in fact, you can see a little bit, if I get right up close, you can see some of the ghosted symbols on there that are not currently lit. So we have AMPM. We have the battery symbol below there. We have some decimal points. We have the five segment, seven segment digits there. There's the colon. And then over on the left here, you can see there's a bell, a Wi-Fi signal, a negative sign, a moon, and the data signal. So if we take a look at code here for a second and pull me out of the way there, let's open this up. So I'm going to close that out. And do I have... Yeah, I still have multiple things plugged in there. Grab the right one. There it is. Oh, there's still multiple mini-me's there. There we go. So some of this is based on the sample code that Joey provides with the library. So here it is. Oddly-specific objects is Joey's company. OSO-LCD is the library. So I'm bringing in the LCD wing light import. LCD wing light and indicator. And indicator is the name of those little special symbols. So this is set up as a object named display on I squared C. And then the main thing we do is type in display commands. So when I started this up, I had that word midi and clock going back and forth. That's sort of a special exception. You can't do a nice letter M with a single seven segment digit. So Joey has a hack for doing that, which is this ampersand seven uses two of your digits next to each other to make a sort of two-digit M. You can do the same with a W. If I change... Actually, you know what I'll do is I'm just going to resave this. Then I'll just cause it to restart. So you can watch here. There's my little midi clock. Midi clock. And then I'm turning on this PM symbol once I start the program. So let's change that. So if you look at the way that works, right at the end of my little display prints that I'm doing, I then do set the indicator PM. Let's change that to AM. And you know what I'll do is I'll take out an instance of that startup. Okay, so now I'm saying bring on the AM. I think that another one is battery. It's a little battery symbol. I don't know if there's one that sets them all. There's one that clears them all. I'm going to just guess indicator all. Yes, okay. Thanks Joey for writing that the way that I would guess it works. It's a great sign when someone comes up with predictive usage like that. So there you can see we've got all those cool symbols on there that you can use. So otherwise, nothing I'm doing in here is all that, sophisticated or all that interesting right now. I have a little BPM clock thing that Todd Bot gave me. He had been working on some midi clock code. And I was like, hey, do you have any good examples of midi clock code? And he came up with this little BPM is your seconds divided by BPM divided by four. So we do quarter notes. And then the main loop of this is simply sending a midi clock message, which is based on this rate. So it sends the midi clock message, it sleeps. So I didn't really realize that the way we had implemented midi clock in Circa Python, and maybe this is the same in Arduino also, is just say I'm a clock message and then say it again and say it again and just keep spamming that at the proper rate. It seems to work. I was feeding it into a software synth and it was happily tracking at the proper BPM as I changed it. So the other thing I wanted to do before I get off of this one is take a look at Joey's page on the, let's see. Oh, that's a different page than I was expecting. All right, hold on, let me back up. Maybe documentation. Yeah, there we go. So oddlyspecificobjects.com. Okay, there's a .org and there's a .com. So on the .com you can see here you got Joey's bear with a robotic leg and a shark for an arm and a laser eye. Just don't screw that bear. And everything here, by the way, is in the Creative Commons license except for the bear he mentions there. Oh, there's a nice, yeah, I forgot. This is everything that you can do on the display. I'll lit up at once there. And I'll also mention there's an excellent talk from, I think it was last year's Hackaday Super Conference that's available online that is Joey talking about the LCD reverse engineering, hacking, designing a new one, having them made. It's a really fantastic talk if you're interested in this subject. And then there's some info about the Circuit Python usage, basic usage, the letters that are available, some of those little hacks to get a W and an M and so on. And I think, I'm actually not sure if anyone knows in the chat, I don't think Joey's around, but if anyone knows in the chat if this is available anywhere for sale other than Adafruit, because it's out of stock right now on Adafruit, so I don't know if he's got more on the way for Adafruit, if he's selling himself somewhere, if some other reseller has them, I'm not sure. Todd says, oops, now I see the midi clock calculation is wrong. Whoops. Oh yeah, and Steve, hey Steve, Steve says, yeah, midi clock spams all the time. I guess I should have realized that because you always see midi clock messages in your little midi message viewers just spamming all the time for some reason. I thought it was something you could just send once, but that makes no sense. Yeah, it's also on Tindy. Hey Liz says that it's also on Tindy. So, all right, this now gets me to this, what did this lead me to is this whole topic of LCD hacking. So there are, especially because of the digital wristwatch scene, if that's the right word for it, there are people who are interested in doing hacks to the polarizing film and the color tinting and backlighting of LCDs, particularly for watches, but pretty much any LCD that is of this type. And by the way, if you check out that YouTube video by Posey that I mentioned on LCDs, there is a type of LCD that pretty much since 1972 or so we've been using. That's the type I'm referring to. There's an older type that I think is a little bit more transparent and tends to be over a mirror display. You'll find it in really old calculators. You'll have to go out of your way to find those. So really this is your garden variety LCD. They can be color, digits can be color, background can be color, using a bunch of really sneaky tricks. I'm talking about just these monochrome black and white kind of ones, or black and silverish kind of ones that I'll be using, but these are the most common. You'll find the color ones on some fancier watches, but with these you can do some things like tinting. So for example, if you look at this one, let me take this one off and put it under the down shooter, not that one, that one. In fact, next to Joey's, you'll see Joey's is I think untinted.  It has a sort of amber tint to the lens. So there's a lens over the top of it that is tinted amber, which I kind of like. It actually makes it a little more readable. This one is not tinted and that's, you can see that's pretty similar to the one on Joey's display. So what influences the color are two things, two sort of passive things. That's the background, what you put behind it, and if you put a color film over the top of it. So one thing you can do, let me do an impromptu hack here, is you should be able to get away with a colored tape or colored film. And if I have some Capton, this stuff is pretty cool for tinting stuff, especially if you like amber, which I do. So just a little roll of Capton tape. Thanks, NASA. If you open up this module, I'm not going to, but if we open up the watch so that we can put this tape over the display module but under the outer crystal, it'll look better and it won't get scratched up. You can see even just setting it right there, that's clearly got some similarities to what's going on with this one. So that's just putting a colored film. It could be a filter, it could be a very thin gel filter. And you can also do this behind it. So often these are set onto a sort of silver-ish, very, very light silver background, which makes them pop a lot. It gives you the highest contrast that you can get. But you can put colored, you can either remove or insert or paint. There's a few different methods depending on the type of module. A different color behind it and then it'll be black on top of that in this case. But one of the interesting things about how these work is the polarization of light is handled in such a way that we get this display to work in the first place. So there's a piece of polarizing film that goes over top of it and then the light is polarized differently through the main body of it versus the segments themselves. And so that film that's over top of it is usually arranged, it's a linear polarizer, not your sort of circular ones that you might find in some camera lens filters and things like that. But the way you know, and I know I've talked a little bit about polarizers before, but let's take a look at this. If I take, let's say, Joey's display here and grab some sunglasses. Oh my God, these are so dirty, sorry about that. You can see that you can often block them entirely, they'll become black through sunglasses. So often this happens, let me just try it here, if you tilt your watch sideways, yeah, if I go to about 45 degree angle on this watch, it goes black and it's a sign that there's a polarization filter there at work. Now the interesting thing is that the polarizer is actually the top layer. So there's an adhesive polarization layer on top of this that you can peel off. I'm not going to do it on this because I only have one of these, but I'll do it with a calculator over here on the work bench and then show you some cool tricks that you can do with that. So let me fix my bench cam that got super big, there we go.  So leave that one alone. So what you're seeing right here, and I'm going to turn on a little work light here so we can see it better. What you're seeing here is a little calculator, a Texas Instruments calculator that I've had forever and ever. I went and bought a battery for it today. A battery was $5. You could probably buy this calculator new for $8, but oh well. So I got the $5.50 battery at the hardware store, yikes. And then even though this is on right now, you're not going to see anything because I removed the polarizing filter. So if I take that polarizer and put it back, you'll see the letters show up or the digits show up. So that's the thin little layer on there. What I did was I peeled it up with an X-Acto knife. It's a little brittle because it's old, so I tore a bit of it, which is too bad. I did use some rubbing alcohol and then also some Gugon adhesive remover to get rid of the adhesive. There's a bunch of adhesive on there that I wanted to get rid of just so it would be a little clearer. So first of all, cool reveal effect right there. So it's as if by magic that that comes on. In fact, let me get closer up as close as I can get. Sorry for the shaky cam. So you can see there as that polarizer gets in the way there, we can see that revealed, which means you can do some cool tricks, sort of small magic prop types of things. Means you can also just look through it and see the digits which no one else can see. So you can do secret displays if you wanted to. If you had some sort of an LCD that you wanted to see, no one else can see. Maybe you're doing calculations on the airplane and you don't want your nosy neighbor to look at them. Put the polarizing filter on your glasses. In fact, you probably do it with your sunglasses. You might have to tilt funny. But I can see it and so can you right there. So just so long at, look how clear that is. So long as that light is polarized through the linear polarizer, you see the display. Now, really cool sort of modification hack to this is if you either turn this 90 degrees, you'll see it is now blocking the unlit part of the display and not blocking the lit part of the display. So if you've ever seen a wristwatch that's trying to be super cool, it may have this sort of backwards looking display and that's how this works is the polarizer is simply reversed. Now, one thing you'll find is that you don't just have to turn it 90 degrees. You can all just flip it over, which means you're still going to get the same ratio that you originally had. And now you have this cool inverted display. And you can see they work best reflecting that light. So the brighter the light or if you have a backlight type of scenario, which is often what you find with the inverted displays, you get it really nice and clear and now it looks really cool. So typically what you'll do is buy yourself a little sheet, which I forgot to do, sorry in advance of this, buy yourself a sheet of this film. You can get it online easily from optics places, admin scientific, Amazon. Just because it's going to be, you can get the type that doesn't have any adhesive on it and that's going to be easier to work with versus peeling off and then trying to clean up the piece that you swiped there. But technically it works great. You can also see the smudges and things better on the black. So you probably want to start with a clean piece of that.  But you can also, I'm going to turn this light off for a second, you can also shine a polarized light at it. So I'm going to take a flashlight here and I'm just going to take, I have a bigger piece of polarizer film here. It's also adhesive. It's one I took off of a broken display. And since this has a little adhesive on it, I can kind of stick it to my flashlight and now I can point this light at the display, which is a really cool effect for something like an escape room because now you're giving someone an object that can sort of magically reveal information. You'll see here as I rotate this, I can go from the inverted to the regular display, which is kind of cool. So depending on how you arrange this, what type of prop you put this in, it could be on a swivel and you have to move it around a room and then reveal some information that's not there to the naked eye, which is really cool, again, because it's so clear. It's like super, super sharp. I'm blowing it out with a light a little bit. The camera isn't in any auto exposure mode here. But this is really cool because the polarization of the light can be sent there polarized, right? It's coming out all scrambled and then only the sort of vertically aligned particles or photons are coming out of the lens and hitting this. So the polarization kind of works both ways, which is really neat. I think I'll leave this one alone until I get some film. But I have this really cool calculator. I also picked up for, I think, $10. And it's a really nice Casio. You can see I have a fondness for Casios. Really beautiful looking. It's even got metal. How can they make it that cheap? It's got metal accents on it. Nice little desk calculator. And I think that would be kind of fun to give that an inverted display. I mean, it's beautiful the way it is, but that is a nice, big display to play with right there. Pop that out. And if you watch Joey's talk, you'll find out a little more about how these are connected and arranged. There are a number of common pins and then a number of the sort of segment pins here. So you're not going to swap this into something that isn't designed for it. You need an exact arrangement of them. But it is a sort of nice big one with a big ribbon cable. If you're interested in deeper hacking of this, it might be interesting to use the driver board that Joey has and hook this up. You might need to double check that voltages are roughly in the same ballpark. But they're so cheap because they're made in such huge quantities. They're not cheap to make in the first place. The first one's expensive, but obviously if they can sell this in a $9 calculator, that part is just sub $1 probably is my guess for that display. So you can get those harvest them. You might be able to find them in bulk online, Alibaba or something like that. But if you take a display like this that doesn't have the polarizer removed, then I think you can just block it entirely with the polarizer. That's kind of the sunglasses thing I was talking about with that focus. So it's polarizing the light, but it's all or nothing for what we're getting there. So we're either not blocking those ones or now we're blocking everything. So you have to peel that off of there to then do one of these interesting hacks to it. Same with the watches, right? You can see through it. You can make it black.  So those, and by the way, the one that I took off of that smaller calculator, looks like it would be a good size for doing an inversion hack on a lot of these watches. Some of these watches, the ratio is such that you might not be able to turn it 90, but you might be able to flip it over if you get the adhesive off. But I recommend going get yourself some fresh film to work with and try some different densities and different thicknesses of the material. So that is it. That's what I wanted to show with LCD hacking there. Here we have the... I'll go back to this page here for a second. Wrong one. We have both the LCD featherwing in the store, but it's out of stock currently. Also, here's another one that was in the store at one point. It's this one, Turing Complete Labs. And this one's interesting because it is a 10-digit, really geared towards calculator type of stuff. You could also do clock. It doesn't have a colon. It doesn't have any of those symbols that Joe picked out that are clock-like, but you definitely get a lot of digits here. 10 of them all have decimal points. Some of them have these little sort of apostrophes or comma segments, depending on how you're using it. I imagine you could flip it upside down and use those as commas and then just change some things in code. So those are a couple that we've had. And they are different in certain ways than these types of LCD character displays, which are more of a matrix. So for these, this is like a number of individual dots that then software can light them up or not. So you're always going to have those little segments between things. You don't have any solid... Let me see if I can open that image up on its own. So if you look here, you have essentially a matrix display. It's in this case both inverted and backlit. So we're getting backlighting blue where we're not lighting the segments and where the segments are lit as the inverted, but they're all made of little dots. So, you know, this type of LCD technology, it's beautiful. One of the sort of crowning examples of it is something like a game and watch. And watch, if you're not familiar with these, old Nintendo devices that have baked-in little jugglers and other graphics that can only light up where it sees them. Also, teenage engineering with the pocket operators. Do I have one here? I don't think I do. Teenage engineering pocket operator. Sort of an homage in a lot of ways to that game and watch. They have some helpful graphics on there, but then also some of it is just for fun. So you get some BPM and key and some other things, but you also have just an arcade cabinet there, or with some of these you get these little robot arms that are moving because they're segments that have been designed for just for fun, just for animation. So that's the beauty of the LCD is it can be designed for a really bespoke purpose. And I think your Tamagotchi or your little, what was that thing inside the Dreamcast? I'm dating myself a little bit, but if you remember there was like a little Tamagotchi-like thing that you could use as your memory card in the Dreamcast and play like one terrible game on it maybe. Yeah, that's right, Tim. Thank you, DJ Devon3 mentioned that Tim C, Mr.FomyGuy has been doing the octopus game, the game and watch octopus game in Circuit Python. Yeah, DJ Devon, also this is like a magic show now. Thank you. Yeah, it is like magic. It's such a cool effect. I've known people who do escape room types of things to use this exact hack. I have mentioned it before. You can peel the entire polarizing film off of a display, a monitor, and then have something that looks white. It's just going to look like white light until someone puts on glasses that have the polarizers in them and then they can see a secret message. So there's a lot of neat, magic-y types of secret message stuff that you can do thanks to the polarizer. All right. Well, that's it. That is going to do it for today's episode of John Park's workshop, wherein I get excited about LCD displays. Thanks again everyone for stopping by. Thanks again to Joey for the excellent design and talk that you did on LCDs and the LCD feather. I'm very excited about it and looking forward to using that in other projects. And I think there's going to be a deep dive tomorrow with FOMI Guy. So look for that. I will be back on Tuesday with a new product pick of the week and I'll see you for that. So thanks everyone. Have a great one. Grated Fruit Industries on John Park. It's been John Park's workshop. Bye-bye.


There's not a lot of games that are appropriate to play on stream with magical girls in them Are they like spicy games? They're pretty spicy.  She's just become queen and we're gonna make sure she makes it through To have a happy rain. Oh boy. I think the best way to do this is gonna be for us to like take turns Okay, so your dad. I think blue is your dad Had I think yeah, no making out with him breathe. We can't make out with him not great Once to brainwash her father and make out with him So I'm trying to figure out where to average He looks really young Jocelyn King Dowager Duke of Caloris. We're almost home. Your room is just the way you left it We're very sad about this. Oh, I know it's hard to leave your school and all your friends But I've arranged the best possible tutors for every subject You'll have to work hard this year to prepare yourself before your 15th birthday. We're the same age as Usagi Says this fits this fits. Okay, good. I was hoping it would fit. I Didn't read that last part You'll learn quickly and you'll make a wonderful queen. It's what your mother would have wanted. Oh, oh This is not what mother would have wanted She wouldn't have won she wouldn't have died to leave what she wouldn't have wanted to die and leave me No, she wouldn't but sometimes bad things happen. We have to pick up and carry on All Nova depends on us on You That's don't put that pressure on her.  We got new people playing. Let's tell me more You will be controlling Elodie the almost queen of Nova as she tries to prepare for her coronation Do that she needs to take classes every day or every week in order to raise her skills The skills she learns will provide different choices in the ongoing plot learning the right skills can mean the difference between life and death You also need to keep an eye on Elodie's mood With her mother's tragic death Elie Elodie is not happy right now The mood Button will take you to the emotion screen for more details After in the game She'll kill herself. Oh, baby. Oh my god.  Yes? Elodie is feeling both afraid and depressed But her strongest emotion is depressed if she becomes more cheerful to cancel out the depression her strongest emotion will become afraid Oh, wow, okay.  Oh Let's take a look at the screen now. Here's a skills Oh my god for major category. Oh my god physical intellectual mystical Inside these categories and still sets groups of three related skills You can start you start at zero with all skills Every week Elodie can study two skills normally she earns two points in a skill for every weekday that she studies So if she studies history She will earn two points times five days ten points This is a lot because Elodie's press her penalty is minus two shows us that in conversation She doesn't feel like talking with people right now. She studies conversation She will earn two minus two points every day and that's zero points However, she has the plus one expression skills. Okay. Goodness. That's a lot of all this This is a lot. We have a lot to juggle here She will earn two plus one points per day, which means three points a day 15 points for the week If you study skills, if your study a skill has a penalty for You could be wasting your time and not learning anything if you study a skill that have bonuses You will learn it much faster than normal all of these bonuses and penalties will change when Elodie's mood changes She can gain bonuses to skills by studying related skills Check the skill screen every week to see what her current bonuses Once you know your mood skills bonus and penalties you are ready to choose your classes for the week Classes As you play through the story got oh God bubbles like to show up altered mood There's how we know how we did on the tests and things feedback is helpful figuring out You could turn the bubbles off on prepper screen now get ready to boom queen Yeah me too, I think we should all talk about it and one person chooses Okay, okay. So currently we're depressed. Oh, yeah We start with depression our mom is dead We have a bonus to expression and animal handling. So it's like we're because we're depressed. We can be a better artist Oh Decoration and singing We're also better at animal handling because we're depressed like, you know You were sad you just want to hug a cat or hug your horse one of the two I guess in your case My cat's on my luggage penalty. We do not have a good royal demeanor We don't want to talk to people and don't you dare make us run laps Honestly, this sounds pretty relatable Oh, by the way, we will also earn more outfits as we go The more that we do things Okay, so this is a lot All right, so we just got back What do we want to do what so for the morning class Yes, we have to pick a morning class Okay, and we have to pick an evening class. Oh, this is so stressful. There's so much So she likes doing art and animal handling and that kind of stuff Well, that's what we will get a stronger bonus for art for expression handling right now Okay, does it sorry it probably explained all these but there's so much if you do things like that that she actually likes Does she get happier? She might Okay, essentially there will be stuff that comes along the way that she will have to either She probably gets happier doing the stuff as well But there will be stuff along the way that will happen her mood will naturally increase like the depression I think will naturally go up just okay doing things but What can happen is if we focus on something That happened like there's a preset of things that are going to happen It's like a roguelike like as we do things it's gonna start setting us on one path I guess it's not a roguelike. It's a branching path As we start doing things it's going to start sending like okay Well, you chose this so you're now down this path. We might have not built up a skill. That's good enough And that can result in a either or depending on how our skills are that will either result in a benefit or a detriment to Her mood. Oh man layers So yeah, these will be our morning classes and these will be our evening classes. So we'll study For like a week. I think this will give us like Five points or it'll probably give us more because we were we're depressed Okay I don't think there could be really anything that could go wrong if you're just Expressing yourself, right? Yeah. Oh, I think I should give her a week Yeah, after watching the trailer for this game, it seems like anything can kill you I'm kind of worried about like animal handling like what if we're like a dangerous animal and we die You want to take the class so you're better at it. Okay. So here's the good news. We cannot die from classes Oh Okay, the classes are only sets. It'll be the stuff in between classes that kill us All right. Well, then let's learn how to feed the animals. Yeah, okay. This will be a good start. This will be a good kind of Okay, let's just find out what we're doing. Do we want to learn interior decorating or Instrument or voice decorating decorating. That's fun animal handling horses dogs or falcons Sockets, that's awesome Decoration is now 15 So because we reach level 10 you visit the muse and learn about different kinds of trainable birds Their preferred nest style is behaviors and food. What's with the noise outside? Who's there? Oh, it's my cousin and my aunt and uncle Lucille, oh Dauging, we're so terribly sorry to hear our mother Frida or Fridalia Thank you You look real nice Hi, Elodie Hi, Lottie I haven't seen you in ages. Will you be staying long? Yep. My mom said we'd be here all month Maybe we'll have some time to talk together Heck yeah, all right Now that you've finished studying what will you do for the weekend? We can go visit charlotte lady minerva that scary-looking woman We can go play with our own horse Uh gives us yielding lonely and cheerful plus one. So I guess I guess we're happier in those We explore the castle We can go Why Talk to your father walk the gardens or sneak out Attempts or a tent service that was minus one of depression Visit tomb So all these make us Scared yeah, it's like playing with the toys is literally the best one Well, that will make us more lonely, but I don't know what yielding is Um, I feel like maybe we should Do something to improve skills that we Didn't just improve Right, we need balance, but I'm kind of afraid myself I don't want to talk to no, I really don't talk to strange people That's like my number one Like course in life. Yeah, don't don't talk to strangers. Don't talk to the evil looking aunts Okay, so Probably this would talk to strangers and this one's talking to strangers attending the court. Yeah We also have talked to our father. I don't think he's a stranger No, but I also think that's a gamble because he was the most comforting person your dad you might accidentally start making out with him Oh, no I have that problem all the time Sneak out attend service visit tomb Explore castle I think for me it's between sneaking out and the toys reads afraid of danger Wait, is there a way to figure out what yielding is it is the opposite of willful Oh, okay, so yielding means that you're more subservient.  Yeah, which the other thing here's something good Here's a positive. We don't have to look at these as negative Like look, we're better at hanging out with animals because we're we have more because we're depressed. It's great Wow, I have a whole new perspective on life. Yeah But be careful. It's going to make you happier. Which means it's going to make you worse with animals That's the catch 22. I'm I'm really worried about how soon you may or may not die I mean I'd say just play with toys to start play with toys. You spend the weekend alone Hold up and alone in your room with your favorite toys. It's childish, but you feel better. Oh Look, we're scared Okay, so our mood is our skills that we're still current. We're afraid now So we get a bonus to agility. We're better at escaping things and we get a bonus to faith We're gonna pray to a higher being Um, we do have a penalty to royal demeanor because we're so afraid We are scared of weapons. We're not interested in figuring out mysteries and the military frightens us I mean, it's frightens me too. Do we want to just ride our positives? That seems safe. I don't know any better Look because faith can also be lore. We can also study the history magical history Yes I like that Yeah Then agility can give us reflexes or flexibility. I like reflexes because that means we can start go exploring outside more Yeah, if we did this we could sneak out. Yeah, very fun. I agree with that. We should sneak out more Let's be bad guys. Let's be bad. Oh They say stay home. They say wear a mask. We say We're the princess because we're each strength 10 your teacher walks around you prodding a finger at you slowly in order to train You in blocking those touches out without triggering fear or faster breathing And look we even went over 15. We're getting some extra bonus points dope Only a lumen can channel magic and only within With the help of an attuned crystal the ability to control crystals seems to be inherited so crystals can be passed from parent to child Upon the lumen's death Seems that we know someone who's just died. What's the commotion outside for father? What's going on?  What? I am a lumen as was she immediately And like every lumen I am willing to give my life if necessary to protect our domain Your line has been traitors to for 200 years. I won't have you corrupting my daughter That is for the crown princess to decide Elity your mother trusted me and I have much to teach you Oh Oh big decision we do I for one want to find out about our magical Yeah, I was gonna say no matter what just don't arrest her that seems much That's like a lot. Yeah, I'm okay with letter stay read This this goes against your stranger danger policy Yeah, letter stay Letter stay. Okay. I want to hear what she has to say She stays willful. Yeah, that's right. You listen to us dad As you wish Okay, we can talk to our father. We can attend court. We can Do all the same castle. We can visit the tomb We can attend service Visit layman irva visit the magic teacher play with our toys Or sneak out. I'm curious about The magic lady since we just let her in But I don't know if we need more skills before we talk to her or not Is it too soon? Is that how this works? I don't know Gotta do it. I say, let's just do it. Let's just do it. Let's just do it What is it you wanted to teach me first?  Look because we have more we succeeded Oh I mean we do look a lot like chibi yusa Yeah, the legendary silver crystal It's all connected. We should have put that as its own character with the amount of time stages. Oh my gosh The legendary silver crystal the legendary silver crystal Juliana duchess of ursel The royal castle has been passed down the royal crystal the royal crystal has been passed down from ruler to ruler for generations It belongs to you now except that king may be keeping it from you Do you have the crystal? Of course Whoa She holds out her hand light flickers above her bosom What? All right With a spark shower of sparkles something takes shape You reach out and touch it and dissolves away into nothing. Oh It belongs to me No one can take it for me until I die.  Yeah You need to find the crystal that belongs to you. Okay Oh All right, so how we feel now we're afraid still we're afraid so agility and faith are still our go-tos All right, so do we need to be prepared to kill someone so we can get that crystal? Uh, I think we have to find our own. Is that the path we're gonna take is that a path? I don't know I like that we keep asking each other like we know So do it the question is these are the benefits. Do we want to switch to something else? Are we are we good letting this ride for a little bit? What are we thinking? Let it ride Let it ride Are you good with it?  You may now play sports on the weekends. Okay That sounds nice as long as we don't break our ankle. Yeah. Oh god, please don't break your ankle The kings and queens of nova have all been lumens for centuries But in modern times magic is only used for ceremonial occasions and the rest of emergencies Long long ago the cotton of borealis was ruled over by a single witch king Until a rival line of lumens challenged the crown The resulting war went on for a hundred years with powerful spells that damaged the land so badly that even now No plants will grow Charlotte he loves me. He loves me not Lottie do you have a boyfriend? Not really. I just like playing with flowers All of a sudden the duchess of ursel rushes into the garden and points a sword at you No, not at you at your feet Don't move What do we do? Hold still Hold still You want hold still but you don't have the composure to hold your position without peeking you look down where the sword is going A snake is in the grass You can't help it. You squeak and jump back the snake tenses and prepares to strike.  What is going on here Your daughter's been bitten by a milk viper. They're poisonous get an herbalist right away I will treat my daughter. I certainly can't trust anyone to keep her safe Oh boy She's gonna die. Sorry. I don't feel good We must be returning home to merva immediately Your aunt has a point milk viper are not native to this area. The snake should have never been here Someone must may have tried to kill you Will charlotte be okay? I don't know Wow, okay. All right. This is what we're dealing with Well, at least we didn't die Yeah Gotta work on composure. I guess gotta work on well We had we should have I guess but We survived. Hey, all right. So we can talk with our magic teacher again. We can go play some sports Sports makes you angry Probably good at sneaking around now seek out Hell yeah, yeah, we're bad You sneak out of the castle and have a little fun.  That was good. Good job guys. We are still afraid Um, are we still letting this ride? I mean, we're still afraid. I feel like we should get a little angry Me and talk about yeah, me talk about let's play some sports Play some sports You practice running at high speed back and forth over a small area making quick turns and changes in direction Looking like a freak doing it Oh She sounds legendary that long ago a horde of ye ven yivini On the back of the tentacled monster road Into the valley of mead laying waste to all on their path Hell yeah, their conquest was only halted when a lumen raised a great flood to drown out the invaders Wow The castle seems quieter without charlotte. We're with charlotte and emory and zahara gone. There's zahra I don't know. Yeah, there's so many characters. It's certainly not empty though. It seems like we get more servants every day I was worried about charlotte after the snake bitter But her mom said she's okay. We failed a poison check Yeah, maybe we should do something else in classes as a guardian angel Um sports. We also should let's do sports now. We should probably also talk to our dad soon Because he knows something about the crystal. So let's do sports Affected by loneliness you take the court for a few games Feel the thrill of competition Oh, it's we're lonely now Okay I recommend we're still afraid I recommend doing different classes Okay, what do we want to do? Um, it's so hard because I almost feel like it's just a gamble Because I know we just Failed that snake thing, but what are the odds of something like that happening again? Yeah, but we also know how to prepare for the unknown We also failed the composure before that too. So there's just a lot of things If okay, so if we're about to talk to our dad What do we need to talk to our father? conversation court manners, uh flattery flattery We could try to seduce our father. We could double down on flattery. No, we really don't say that We're really leaning into that, aren't we? Do we double down on flattery? Oh, you can double? Yeah, it might also be good to talk with magic lady too, but I don't know So lore flattery and lore Sure, we want to become a magical girl. I feel like that's something we I feel like Yes, I can tell I can read the room You learn that it's important to make eye contact when saying something saying nice things about someone Legend says that the island domain of Malini was once a single island instead of a cluster Until an evading noven queen raised a terrible pillar of fire that shattered the land into pieces Your lore skill is now 50 You may not increase it this skill until your overall faith skills are 25 or higher Okay, so there's caps Good one of the maids approaches for your attention My lady couriers have arrived from Duke of Sedna We have a Duke of Sedna All right No, the Duchy of Sedna is in talus They have brought a letter and a gift Condolences of death of deeply regret best wishes. Oh what a beautiful necklace I don't trust it. Don't something sparkly will make you feel better. No Are we talking to dad? I think so. Yeah Dad, what happened to mom's lumine crystal? It's in a safe place Can I have it? No But it's mine Meddling with magic killed your mother.  Ooh, we look. Oh, yeah, I like We're willful so intrigue military and ooh we can study lumine now Oh, hell, yeah Oh, we don't have it. We don't have as an option. I think we need to Study the other faith stuff I was going to say so It mentioned. Oh is intrigue one. Yeah Okay Yeah, I was going to say that or like military because I have a feeling that's going to come up at some point What did we have like the bonuses for? Therefore intrigue military and lumen we do not have lumen as an option yet It will be once we unlock Once we get the other faith skills up we'll probably get access to lumen intrigue for an intelligence Internal affairs are we more afraid of outside nations or inside? I I would say internal. I think that internal. Yeah There's too many people at our castle right now. Yeah Can't trust them meditation or divination meditation is finding inner peace divination is seeing the future Future future. Yeah 15 Until you have children of your own your maternal uncle the duke of merva is next in line for the crown And after him would be his daughter your cousin charlotte don't trust him That's suspicious because that snake didn't belong here. Yeah You learned that the gods cannot be forced to divulge information about the future And that the most powerful omens are those which arrive unexpectedly Oh god, we're not gonna we're not gonna get to a death As you're walking you spot a familiar we have we have six more minutes To stream as long as we don't die. I see it as a win I agree with that. It's the Duchess of Ursul. Maybe I should go say something. That's my uncle That's the one you notice that he has seated beside You know seated beside her is a woman in robes of the priestess. They're very close together They're hands gently touching as they speak. What wow looks like she's hot You turn and walk in different directions to not to shirk them at that moment You notice something unusual it looks like someone just left the palace grounds by going over the hedge Was that a servant a thief or an assassin? Do we climb up to look over the hedge call the guards or run and hide? Like my things is if we even if we climbed up the hedge, what are we gonna do? All right, my first instinct would be call the guards. I don't know if we can climb hedges yet I'm very scared. Yeah, I could climb the hedges. We have some good agility But Is that what we want to try to do call the guards? Okay guards However, by the time the response is organized and directed to the area on the palace There's no sign of any intruder. You wonder if you were only imagining it We could talk to our magic teacher again. She might have information. Okay My father says I can't have the crystal until I'm queen. So we'll just have to wait There may not be time to wait the world is filled with dangers and you will need the power of lumen to fight them You can't begin training until you bonded with your crystal Well, what am I supposed to do about it? The crystal is probably held under guard at the royal treasury. You are the princess You should be able to find a way inside Otherwise we might have to take drastic action Oh, I thought we would take drastic action I'll wait until I'm older. I'll find a way. What is drax? What drastic action? I think we should find a way Yeah, I agree All right, I'll try to get into the treasury. Yeah, it's a girl We're still willful military intrigue and lumen foreign or internal internal more internal more divination I guess we're going the route of having to get into our treasury and Basically steal shit. Oh good thing. We didn't try to climb. We did not We may be able to take the landing, but I don't think we'd have succeeded in climbing Um, let's do divination. Let's do divination. We want to try to get faith up So internal affairs and divinations that works for everyone Your maternal uncle's wife the countess nicks claims kinship To the old manor old merva line and originally asked your mother for title to the dutch dutchy However, no one could verify her lineage as a compromise your mother created her brother Your mother created her brother duke of merva What what? He created her brother. That's weird. I don't like that Mead was older with the older half-brother of the current duchess His reign was brief and highly scandalous He defied tradition to pledge himself as the life mate of the old duke of ursel That broke off Then broke that off only a year later.  Yes Okay You try to talk to the guards past but despite eyelash floating foot stomping Oh, what was okay? Let me see. What's the log? Uh, did y'all see what what the what that was failed? Yeah. Oh wait, I can see if it comes up on the Yeah, I think one was like accounting. Oh my gosh our initials are my chemical romance Heck yeah It's meant to be Okay, well that will be all the time we have for This week, um, I I definitely want to come back and play this more with y'all This is a fun fun fun fun would play. Thanks to everyone for tuning in read melanie. Thanks for joining me today Thanks for hanging out everyone. We'll we'll catch you next time Hey there. Thanks for checking out the video While you're here go ahead and like comment and subscribe Let us know what other kind of tier list you would want to see what other shows games anything anime related at all Uh, if you want to see more great content like that head on over to roosterteeth.com You can become a first member. We have a ton more to see


Mae'n rhaid i'r ysgrifennu ni i fynd yma i gyd i fynd ymeth ydi! I'm really delighted to be here in New York. As Liz said, this is my first international visit with the UK Space Agency. I can dedicate two whole days to space sustainability and with such a diverse and knowledgeable group of people both here in the room and online. It's amazing how many people have joined us online. So hello to you all. I'd like to extend a particularly warm welcome to our young professionals seven of those are funded by UK scholarships and I'll be joining you tomorrow for the networking breakfast so I'm really looking forward to seeing you all tomorrow. My biggest thank you, which I'm going to put in now is for the UK Space Agency team, so Liz, Leigh and Ray and the other people around us from the UK Space Agency. It's not easy to prepare a director for a speaking event such as this and it's especially not easy to prepare somebody who's only been in post for eight weeks and has never worked in space before. So a massive thank you to all of the team for helping me to prepare for this but also we want to make sure that I don't just stand here pretending I know everything there is to know about sustainability. That would be a bit pointless and probably wouldn't be a particularly exciting speech. So what we're going to make sure that we do is for Liz and I to take the questions but to have a little bit of a conversation as well and we will also commit where we have questions that you're asking that I just can't answer stood here today that we will as a team answer those on the chat as we go or throughout the couple of days. So that's my commitment and I'll just get it in early that I don't necessarily know everything there is to know yet. I think another couple of weeks in post and I'll be all right. So I'm going to tell you a little bit about the aims and the tangible actions of the work that we do in the UK and what we're doing to promote the importance of space sustainability and our priorities for investment in this area and our planned way forward both domestically and internationally. Liz touched on my background and you know have some experience in delivering major government projects and innovation and it has prepared me quite well in ways I wasn't expecting for this role. I worked in energy regulation and for two years I was the programme director for the energy network price controls which has a reputation as being one of the most horrible projects you can kind of be part of in regulation because the problem is so complex and you're essentially working out how much profit you will allow energy network companies to make in order to protect consumers but also to make sure that we have all of the right investment in the right things. There are thousands and thousands of linked decisions that all have to be made for the price control for a particular date when the previous price control runs out. Ultimately and it goes back to some of the things that we were talking about earlier today ultimately it's just one enormous compromise between security of supply making sure there's value for consumers, making sure that you can have the right level of investment in maintenance and safety, the ability to attract investment, the ability to enable innovation through that investment, the returns for our investment community, some of whom are here today I believe, addressing concerns of our environmental groups, addressing the concerns of the local people and making sure that consumers are represented. All of those wrapped up into lots of decisions in a regulatory framework that is going to be one compromise, there is not a single right answer for that. I was sitting pondering on that this morning actually when we had the first panel discussion and some of the parallels in the kind of complexity of problem solving there. The other thing that I'll touch on which has some kind of relevance although Ray wasn't very impressed when I told him about this. I started my career in automotive engineering. I say career and I say automotive engineering, I'm not an engineer by background. I just turned up there as a temp when I'd run out of money as I was studying. That's something we can talk about with the young professionals about my slightly unusual career path. When I got to Lotus they were working on a project that most people didn't really think was going to take off particularly. That was a small project for one Elon Musk and his friend from PayPal and that was the first Tesla Roadster that we developed on a Lotus at least platform.  The Tesla Roadster, at least one of them, literally took off when it was blasted into orbit with Starman at the wheel. I did check just now and it's still there. It's not great that one of those things is up there but perhaps it's quite a good example of what we don't want to be doing in space. Why am I here? Why did I take this role? I think it's fairly obvious. The reasons why, I mean it's a brilliant portfolio to have, but we talk about the global problem of sustainability and I think we can talk about the global problem but I think we can bring it back down to individuals as well. So I'm going to talk about my dad for a bit. My father was born in Norfolk. He was born in a place which is famous for its flat landscape and really beautiful landscape and vast skies. Those skies when he was born in 1948 were pristine, so unaffected by human endeavours apart from a brief foray of a V2 rocket in 1943 which briefly reached orbit. But the first human-made object to be deliberately launched into space was in 1949, so a year after he was born and it climbed to an altitude of 393 kilometres. The first artificial earth satellite was launched in 1957 and by 2030 we know that there will be thousands of operational satellites up there in orbit. My dad tells a story and I don't know what's true and what's not but he's really good at stories and he talks about being in his driveway next to his car in the late 60s and seeing a thing come towards him from the heavens and thinking very clearly that it was actually going to land on his head or his car which I'm sure he was quite precious about at the time and it went straight over him and he believes that he thinks that it might have been a Russian satellite or a Russian rocket or spacecraft. We've never been able to find out if anyone's got any ideas bit vague on the date but quite clear about the car but he was born in an environment that didn't have anything up in orbit but now we're in a very different place. So I'm in the fortunate position of having in a role where I'm confident that I can make that tangible difference and a role in which I'm captivated by the breadth of work and the passion which my team and the wider community and all of our international partners are tackling the issue. So at last year's summit held in London, Minister Freeman launched the UK plan for space sustainability which encompasses regulatory leadership, industry-led standards that reach beyond international norms, continued UK leadership in the international arena and plans to bring sustainable capabilities including missions for active debris removal or ADR and in-orbit servicing and manufacturing. The event last year was also the setting for his Majesty the King who was then the Prince of Wales to announce his Astra Carter and the Astra Carter is a roadmap to help accelerate sustainable practices in space and ultimately to protect the lives of people on Earth. Shortly after the 2022 summit, the UK Space Agency published its corporate plan for 2022-25. It listed sustainability as one of the eight delivery priorities namely to deliver capabilities to track objects in orbit and reduce or remove debris and to lead global regulation and best practice to make space activities more sustainable. My appointment in April and the restructuring of the agency around its priority areas signals our commitment to a sharper and more sustained focus on this issue. Our cross-agency space sustainability programme is designed to mitigate the risks caused by space debris and promote the responsible user space through a combination of regulation, standards development, technology development and international missions. I'd like to tell you about some of the initiatives that we're leading. I have a 30-minute platform, but I think I can sum our approach up in I think six words. We're going to stop making it worse and we're going to start making it better. So here are the highlights. The commission of two follow-on design studies for a national ADR mission led by Astroscale and Clear Space. The outputs will inform the agency on which mission concept to progress to a full design and launch phase in 2026 to demonstrate national capability to rendezvous, dock with and de-orbit to UK pieces of space debris. Both Astroscale and Clear Space are here today. You can give a little wave and do feel free to talk to them and ask about the work that they are doing over the next two days. Crucially, at the end of that mission, the servicer will be refuulable and will be ready to be used again. In other areas, investment in the Earth and Space Sustainability Initiative, which aims to establish a new industry-led environmental, social and governance, or ESG space sustainability standard recognised by the finance, insurance and regulatory communities worldwide. Another part of my team who are not here today is the rollout of a space... We have to use different words in sustainability because none of us can say it properly. It's the rollout of a space surveillance and tracking service to a UK-licensed satellite operators for the first time under a project called Monitor Your Satellites, and that warns of possible collisions so that they can manoeuvre out of the way as necessary. We've launched the third funding call, which is focused on technology for sustainability in space under our Enabling Technologies Program, a national funding initiative providing opportunities for emerging and innovative space technology research and development. This will provide a step change in technology readiness levels for emerging technologies. On the international side, we've invested significantly in the European Space Agency's Safety Program, which includes demonstration missions of active debris removal and in-orbit servicing, as well as many smaller missions and activities developing clean space technologies, improved space situational awareness, collision avoidance and safe re-entry and end-of-mission disposable. We're also the lead nation on the important ESA space weather monitoring mission, which is Vigil. Meanwhile, we continue to work with the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space, which has come up several times this morning, to promote best practice globally and strengthen collective efforts to ensure the sustainable use of space for all. Crucially, we've established our dedicated sustainability team to coordinate all the cross-agency programme activities and wider engagement through the targeted international events such as this and all of those really interesting future forums and conferences that are coming up that we've started to hear about today. So, as I said, I am new to the organisation. Eight weeks in and counting, I'm in awe of the extent of the important and timely work being delivered by what is a relatively small space agency. The UK Space Agency has around 300 people. My priority is to maintain momentum whilst seeking those new opportunities to learn, collaborate and grow. So, what does that mean for us as we move ahead? We will, of course, drive forward delivery of the UK plan for space sustainability. We have made it a priority to invest in industry, especially in companies that work directly to deliver space sustainability through innovation, and that includes our attention to follow up on the debris removal mission mentioned earlier with a servicing mission in 2028 to repair, replenish or refuel a UK spacecraft to enable it to continue or extend its funding. By the end of this decade, we intend to have developed orbital assembly or manufacturing by reusing the spacecraft previously launched to remove debris or perform the servicing mission to conduct entirely new tasks. We also plan to focus on utilising strong international partnerships. Both as an active member of the European Space Agency and through partnerships with global organisations, as they are fundamental to achieving our space sustainability goals. The scope of these activities is still to be defined, but it demonstrates the UK's continued ambition and leadership in this critical issue. In the UK, we are working towards our next, what we call, our spending review process. The UK has been through a series of Treasury-funded one-year settlements for its agencies and departments. The next one, which will start in 2025, will potentially be a three-year. We're never quite sure at this point in time. What it does mean is that we have started to look for those things that we really want to attract funding for internally in government. How do we distribute our taxpayers' money in the right way to fund eight priorities of the UK Space Agency? We do, in the UK, we do have a very clear purpose that we don't want to put too much of our taxpayers' money into the work of the Space Agency. The reason for that is that we want to catalyse investment, so we want to make sure that we invest in the things that are going to grow and grow as private companies take on the reins. That's a really important principle for us. But we have to make sure that environments such as this, conversations such as the ones that we'll be having today and tomorrow and going forward, that we think about the right things for us to start investing in over the next two, three, four, five, ten years in order to really think about our strategy. Ray is working with the department to make sure that the strategy is the right one. The UK Space Agency's Deputy Chief Executive, Ian Anett, recently spoke about us championing change for the greater good in space sustainability. So through all of the activities that I've just summarised, the UK Space Agency is trying to create social and economic value, build knowledge and take a stand, and in other words, be a thought leader by championing change. But we just can't do that alone. I definitely can't do that alone. I urge everybody here to work together as sustainability champions and to take collective action now to mitigate the effects, reduce the burden on future generations, and ultimately to ensure the safe and responsible use of space. I'd like to take the opportunity to play a short video. Now, this is a surprise to me. So we decided that I wouldn't see the video until now. So the team worked really hard on it. They asked me if I would like to see it, so I haven't actually seen it. So I'm looking forward to seeing it as much as you will. It visually summarises the work of the UK Space Agency. There is some infographics as well that is contained on your app, and will also, I think, be shown. And so you'll get a good idea of what we're doing. But it's good to have the voice of the team and some of our partners to describe that. We know the Earth's environment is fragile. We need to realise that the space environment is fragile as well, and we need to ensure we preserve it for future generations. Imagine that future where your children or your grandchildren couldn't rely on space and satellites like we do today. Imagine they don't have weather satellites or satellites monitoring climate change or GPS satellites guiding them. That's a real possibility if we don't address the issue of space debris today. The UK has an aspiration to be a leader in space sustainability and to enable that with doing a few things. First, we're leading on a policy basis, so we're working with other nations, the United Nations, for instance, to ensure the long-term sustainability through regulation and guidelines. And secondly, we're leading on developing cutting edge technology so we can operate sustainably in space now and in the future. What we're looking at here is a simulation of the debris that might be produced if two objects were to collide. You can see is the point of collision and the debris spreading out across the other side of the earth. And what we would then do from this is we would be screening this debris against active satellites or UK satellites and looking at which of those may have another close approach with the debris and look at the sort of ongoing effects of what would happen if this collision was to occur. Here is our next generation of debris removal missions. It will remove two dead UK satellites from orbit. We'll rendezvous with these satellites. We'll capture them. We'll give it a big bear hug with our claw-like capture system. We'll pull it down. We'll drop it safely in the atmosphere where it will burn up, where this material will dissipate. We've removed that risk from orbit and we show that we can address a problem of space debris. This is the structural qualification model for the LSM services spacecraft, which is an end-of-life servicer for satellites in orbit. At the moment, we're working on qualifying the structure of the spacecraft so that we know that it will operate well in space and be able to deal with the hostile environment that it's going into. We're encouraging operators to prepare their satellites for servicing, to put a docking plate on board that therefore we can go and capture that satellite and remove it if it's failed much easier than trying to capture it with a robot arm, for example. And then moving on from there, there's a number of other in-orbit services that we are looking at, such as refuelling. On the UKDR mission, we're including a refuulable attachment on that mission, which will enable it to be refuelled in orbit so it can extend its life and last much longer in space and do more. We're now at a point with space sustainability where we were with climate change perhaps a few decades ago. If we take action now, it'll be far easier to deal with a problem than deal with the cleanup or legacy issues. So the time to act is to ensure space sustainability is now. A bit emotional after that. Is that what you were expecting? Is that what you were expecting? You weren't sure? I do feel quite emotional about that after that, but I also do feel really excited because it is a really fantastic thing for us to be doing. And that beginning part of the conversation really brings it home to me. We all need to be able to maximise space in order to maintain the way that we live now. Last year I was sea kayaking on the south coast of the UK and a fellow sea kayaker had a very serious medical emergency. And I was able to use my personal locator beacon to summon the coast guard and he had probably two minutes left and we were able to get medical treatment to him while we were in reasonably rough seas in order to save that. That sort of thing is what we want to keep hold of. We don't want to have a situation where it's not reliable or not possible at all. There were a couple of questions this morning that came out in the first panel session which really touched me as we were going through that session. The first was about how do we turn rhetoric into action? I hope I've given you a few examples of that and how we turn it from thinking about what we need to do to actually making tangible actions. There was also a question about young professionals and how we can make sure that we've got that sort of generational perspective but also how we can really tap into people. We had a conversation at dinner last night about how we've got a lot of people who really get this stuff now that 30-40 years ago the conversation around Earth sustainability and climate change was a really, really challenging conversation to have. I think we were in a different space with this, excuse the pun, and we were in a different place because we've set that scene. We've had people thinking about sustainability and the ability to protect our planet already and we can take onto the back of that, I think, in a way that will be really helpful. But we do have to tap into diversity in what we do. We really have to get diversity of thought, diversity of backgrounds, diversity of countries, diversity of cultures. All of those things will enable us to tackle what is a really, really difficult problem and to tackle that in the right way. Before closing, and we will have to take some questions, but before I close my speech part of it, I really want to just take the opportunity again to thank Secure World Foundation for hosting what is turning out to be a really inspiring event and to all the speakers and delegates for your advocacy and a special thank you to the Space Generation Advisory Council who have helped us get this off the ground. The opportunities and challenges being discussed here must be at the top of all of our agendas. We must stop making it worse. We must start making it better. Thank you very much. Thanks very much, Julie. I think just from my perspective anyway, I just thought it was added a real kind of human element, real kind of personal element to this with your speech. So thank you very much for that. I think we've actually got to close quite quickly. So just a flag and I know Julie mentioned this earlier that there are questions that have come through on the app and we would, you know, there's quite a few of us here. We've got, you know, a head of sustainability myself. We've got people in the regulation team, international, et cetera. So and our engineer, somebody from our chief engineer's office as well. So please do come and contact us. We would be very, very happy to talk to you in the margins and answer some of the questions that are here and any others that you may have. And we will also try and answer them through the app. So just to make sure that we're covering it all off. Before we finish, very, very quickly then, I was just really interested to know that with you bringing your regulatory background and in terms of, you know, now coming into the space sector and you coming to the space sector, hearing everything that was discussed this morning, were there any, was there anything really specifically that struck you or surprised you and what, you know, do you think that you can bring to the role given your background? Thank you. I think it's about trying to broaden out, I may as well use my experience by trying to get us to broaden out our thinking and to take lessons as far as we can from other sectors and other industries. I think that we understand the challenge that we've got, that we have here and I think that, you know, I have to rely on my team to help me with some of the technical aspects and that is, I think, is an advantage because it means we get all of those voices. I just want to say two things. Did I overrun to avoid the questions? I'm so sorry about that. But I just want to paraphrase two things from this morning. Mark and Rebecca said two things which I've just smashed together in my head and Mark said time is running out and then Rebecca said stand up the next Greta and that's effectively what we need to do. We just all need to stand up, think about the time that it's ticking and get ourselves into a position where we can really make a difference. Great. I think that's a really perfect way to end this keynote. So if you can all just join me in thanking Julie very much for her excellent remarks. Thank you.


The meteorology description of wind direction originates from the compass and facing into the wind where the wind comes from. The mathematical description of wind direction is based on the Cartesian XY grid and tracks the direction that the wind is going. We need to know both because the meteorology description, or medial angle, is used in the station weather plot, but we need the mathematical description, or math angle, for dynamics and in numerical weather prediction. Let's look at one example that relates the meteorology and math angles. First note that the grids are related with positive X corresponding to east and positive Y corresponding to north. Now let's add a wind. In this case, a wind from the northeast or northeasterly. From the station weather plot, the wind is from the northeast. Normally the wind barb would end in the center with the description of cloud cover. We extend it past the center toward the direction the wind is blowing, since that would be how we would draw the line and describe the wind direction in the mathematical XY coordinate system. Meteorology angles measure clockwise from the north axis, just as it is for a compass. 0, 90, 180, 270, 360, which is the same as 0. The math angle is measured counterclockwise from the X or east axis, 0, 90, 180, 270, 360, or 0. It turns out that the math angle equals 270 degrees minus the meteorology angle, and also therefore the meteorology angle equals 270 degrees minus the math angle. But for this case that we've drawn here, the meteorology angle equals 45 degrees, so the math angle equals 270 minus 45, which is 225 degrees. The meteorology angle is drawn clockwise, and the math angle is drawn counterclockwise. If a resulting angle is negative, simply add 360 degrees to make it positive.


Hello in this lecture we will define limited partnership according to fundamental accounting principles wild 22nd edition the definition of limited partnership is partnership that has two classes of partners limited partners and general partners. So a limited partnership is going to have those two types of partners the general partners the typical partners in a normal partnership a general partnership as well as the limited partner. If we think about a normal partnership a general partnership we typically have partners being general partners meaning those partners have co-agency they have the right to make decisions that are relative relative to the partnership agreement they also like a sole proprietor typically have more personal liability on the line if there's a problem if there's a lawsuit for a general partnership not only the entity assets but typically the partners assets can be on the line for a problem such as that as opposed to the other type which is the limited partner. So we may have a limited partner as well limited partner having more liability protection due to the fact that the limited partner does not typically make or be involved in the normal day to day decisions limited partners often acting more as an investor the limited partner putting money into the restaurant in this case the gym the partnership and the partners here running having the day to day operations of the partnership the limited partner not being involved in those operations and therefore if there's a problem in the partnership if there's a lawsuit then the assets of the partnership including the limited partners assets that were included and invested in the partnership are on the line as is the general partners personal assets but the limited partners personal assets should should be more protected in that case and what that does is it allows a limited partner to want to invest more so that really draws more capital into partnerships if we're able to give some more liability protection to an investor a limited partner who is not actively involved in the management of the order of the partnership.