We will promote the development of private banks, financing guarantee and financial leasing and open our financial sector wider to the outside world. This is our set target. We will further – we have improved the quotation regime of IMB's central parity against U.S. dollar for the purpose of making IMB exchange rate more market-based. We will keep IMB basically stable at an adaptive and equilibrium level, and we will also gradually realize the convertibility of the IMB under capital account.


Hello and welcome to the Fort Report, I'm Alicia Woodruff and I'm Chris Connelly. Hey Chris, did you know that the tradition of decorating a tree for Christmas actually began in Eastern Europe in the 15th century? Really, that's probably about the time emergency rooms started popping up in hospitals too. While you're tearing into your presence this year, it's good to remember that while recycling is important, much of what's wrapping up holiday cheer can be recycled. Wrapping paper greeting cards, ornaments, and other decorations are not accepted in Fort Worth's curbside recycling program. There are plenty of ways to go green for the holidays. Reusing wrapping paper is a great idea and for all the stuff you can't recycle, remember that you can place up to two extra plastic bags weighing no more than 40 pounds each outside the garbage cart on your first collection day after Christmas day and New Year's Day. There's no shortage of holiday themed shows at the theaters around Fort Worth and it wouldn't be Christmas without a visit to the Jubilee Theater to see Auntie Explains Christmas. Full of music and laughter, Auntie narrates a classic Christmas story or two from her own loopy, tell it like it is perspective. The show runs through December 30th, except for Christmas Eve and Christmas Day so the cast and crew can get ready for Santa's visit. It's also a great way to add fun to the spirit of the season. For tickets and show information, visit the Jubilee Theater's website or call<PHONE_NUMBER>. It's important to remember that while you're celebrating the holidays, so are the folks who take care of services and programs across the city. And so to keep you from dragging out your golf clubs for no reason, here's a list of some of the closings around the city during the holiday weekend. Can you beg under the tree this year, Chris? It depends on how many pine needles the cat ate. Happy holidays everybody! Here's a list of some of the closings. Here's a list of some of the closings. I can't say that. It depends on how many cats the pine needles eat.


Just like that. Oh. Oh. You know you guys saw the first title right, I was not happy, the fact that my sister was giving away. And I like the fact that people were calling him Niger. Oh. I think he is. Am I? You should be happy for your sister. Why should I be happy for my sister knowing that my sister is going to change her surname to another man's name. How may I talk to you for a minute and two months. Now I need to call my sister Mrs. Manford. Hi Mrs. Manford. Hi. That was just by the way and I hope you guys enjoyed the traditional wedding ceremony that we uploaded yesterday.  But yeah, I'm happy she got married but it's very unfortunate that she's not a part of the family. But I just want to apologize for the bad sound in that video. Listen, I love that video. But knowing that the sound was terrible, I have to go on my knees to say I'm so sorry. But if you know you haven't watched that video, check out the link in the description and enjoy yourself. Get to know how Ganyan's get married in a traditional way because that is the real marriage ceremony. But do you know that people didn't really call me to complain about the sound but rather to tell me how colorful the program was. Because it's you, but when it comes to what am I, you have 1 million subscribers, you shouldn't be having a bad sound in your video. Please forgive me. Forgive me. Yeah, I think so. But listen, I really love the traditional ceremony and I really love the fact that everybody came together to make it successful. You see, let me tell you something. There were Africans, there were Africans living in the diaspora, which is Africans that were born in Africa and went to the diaspora and came back just for the wedding. And the African Americans, that just came just for the wedding. I mean, just because of what am I, a big round of applause to Sabina for it. So she just spent three days. Only three days. Just for the wedding. Just for the wedding. And go back to America. Go back to America. That is pure love man. I was social. Listen, do this for us. Write in the comments section. Thank you Sabina. Thank you Sabina. Thank you Sabina. Sabina is now part of the family. Yes, she is. The only African American that I have in my family. I actually interviewed her on my channel last year when she's actually the person who told me that you're getting married. Yes. Absolutely. I got a date in May. You know about it, right? I don't know. I'm listening to that for the first time. Your sister. Then I have to accept. Because I have no idea about that. Oh, okay. I'm involved. Is she not getting married? Oh! You're coming for the wedding, eh? Hey!  Listen, I don't even know that my sister's getting married. I didn't know. My sister was getting married. And I have no clue. My sister was Sabina who actually told me. Can you believe that? Oh my goodness. Anyway, we started the wedding ceremony in the house. Yes, we did. From the previous video, I really read the comments and everyone was like, When are you getting married? When are you getting married? Can I ask you? What is it? You want to ask me? When are you getting married? When are you getting married? She's ready. Yeah, I'm ready. I was ready. No, no, no. She's ready. She's ready. When are you getting married? Soon baby. I'll soon. I have a question. Hey, see the whole thing. See the whole thing. They also have gotten their suit. They also got their suit. I got it. Don't do that to her suit. You know what to do. They don't want to do that. They don't want to do that. I can't. I'm not saying I have a sister's wedding. I'm not saying that to her. We just let her pass the please. Bless the TV. Quasiah. Hey! Guys, I mean in the previous video, he was saying that If we give him 10k likes No, this time I'm asking for 30k likes Can we do it? Because I really want to see you married I'm tired of a lot of people asking me And what is on my mind? I know that when you marry people will stop worrying you Was it your first wedding? Yeah, it wasn't my first wedding to attend It was my first Ghana wedding And it was also the first wedding where I was a bridesmaid Oh yeah And how did you feel being a bridesmaid? Oh yeah, I felt special I felt like I was part of something I mean, people were like, we're not dancing What's wrong with you? Because she doesn't know the songs Thank you, that's one reason I did not know the songs they were singing in their language which I do not understand I don't know if they are saying jump or sit So like, I'm like, okay, I'm just trying to do it And then something else, yeah, that was one of the reasons The second thing, of course, I'm shy, you know I'm shy She's an introvert, thank you Where she is Why are you defending her? Oh no, I know her Oh wow The other thing is I was tired I had just taken a boat at almost 24 hours flight from the US Yeah I had transit And then I came here It so much happened, you know So yeah, those are the three reasons why So I'm sorry to those who thought I wasn't participating enough But you were so gorgeous on that day though Yeah, I feel like so Oh, you look so good I'm like, oh my god, that's my day Thank you so much Yeah You also look rich I look rich that day This clothes It was a very busy day for me, moving up and down Making sure everything is okay, you know But at the end of the day, I had to just enter my sister's room And make sure she's okay You ready? Yeah, I'm good Hey, you're ready to be a wife, man Are we going to be here? Yeah, you're right Messes from today So she's going to lose that sign name, just like that I mean, let me tell you the game here, sign name Oh, you don't have a sign name? Yeah I've been for a while and you don't have a sign name? Yeah Sorry, but that is okay I thank you that I would get here for a man phone That's why he needs to be here Day phone So now you have a man phone after today?  Oh my gosh But how is the feeling that moment now? It was, it was It was a mixed feeling Wow, okay A little tense about helping Because I get to marry to the love of my life So, yeah, that's exciting part But the anxiety and the tension It's missing a lot of people's exchange and vows and everything Knowing that you'll be married forever Mmm Knowing that someone is going to put his ring on your finger You'll be someone's responsibility No longer your brother's responsibility Oh I didn't think of that You didn't think of that? That is true Are you sure about that? In fact, my brother wants to disown me I'm not disowning you But it's not going to work It's not going to work So, I mean, I have that feeling And also Knowing that you're going to be someone's mother I'm like Wow I hope Oh That sound of a baby already See, the pregnancy is not high But let's just wait and see Knowing that you're going to be someone's mother Oh no You're going to be my brother The baby is going to The venue for the wedding I was late You're late I was late That wasn't the song that I was supposed to enter with Yeah, but I will play it for you Here comes the bride Here comes the bride What else again? That's all Oh, okay What are we going to express today?  Come with me I'm going to show you whatever that is going to go on today And if you are new to the channel Don't forget to subscribe And be part of the channel My name is Wadamaya You're one and only I know you village boy From Ghana Let's go When I was inside the church When I saw the colors I'm like, God damn it Heaven is here today Yes Heaven is here to bless the marriage Angels are on the ground If I was wearing white I could have been one of the angels that day Oh my goodness I'm going to start hallelujah Yellow as your color Okay guys So yellow is my favorite You can think twice You see my first logo My brand name was in yellow and black Oh wow Yeah Because yellow has been my favorite since the university period Okay And that is why even your traditional ceremony was still yellow And your colors for the wedding was still yellow Because it's a happy day Anytime that I see yellow I'm happy Anytime I see black I'm happy Black and proud So if you are black Please, if you are black out there Know that I love you Because I love anything black So you see my phone It's yellow Wow It makes me happy But I just want to tell you something Yeah This wedding was more like a bittersweet for me It was one of my emotional moment I've never cried in a very long time But I couldn't believe that on my sister's wedding day I cried I did not cry because she's getting married Listen Whatever I'm saying I'm just joking I'm so happy for my sister I will be here to support her any day Any time that she needs me Because I feel like I need to play a role like a dad I mean, I've been playing that role for A very long time On a low key Without showing off that I'm playing that role I think even the wedding I believe that I sponsored the wedding Yeah, you did I sponsored the wedding for them I mean I don't like talking about these things But I always want to play a role as a dad You see This is my first time looking like my dad though So that's why on my sister's wedding day You know, like I always prefer to put on A t-shirt A shirt or trousers But on my sister's wedding day I had to look like my dad Before they Exchange the vows of the wedding They sang one of my father's favorite songs I said everything My brother was playing the score I mean, I was trying to Sing with my My I'm so clueless Voice And he interrupted me Ha ha ha ha I'm like I give up I give up on this girl You know Let me tell you something about my dad I feel like I should dedicate this whole video To my dad Listen When things become tough in the house My father was saying We have an uncle That keeps the soul When things get better He would tell us that We need to tango And that's why we're going to sing this song So if you all don't know I'm a pastor son Those days my father never Agreed on me becoming a YouTuber But at some point when he agreed I had to be sending my YouTube money to him In his name, yeah So the last money that I earned In March 2017 Was a hundred dollars So my father sent me that money on 26th of April 2017 I wanna ask you How do you think I've been able to survive On a hundred dollar So now I'm not even kidding with you guys man A hundred dollar So now I never had any money And that's why Once again I need to agree with my dad Saying that Indeed we have an uncle That keeps the soul Because that uncle Has been holding me tight From that time till now The love that I have for God There's nothing that you can do about it I was trained in a Christian home I mean knowing who my dad is The values that were brought up in the house That is the values that I move along with So today My father is one of the unsung heroes in this country I'll say it once and I'll say it over and over again Unsung hero in this country I mean no one is talking about him right now But so first He asked me right now Someday I will tell you more about my father Listen I'm gonna say something today There is no leader in this country That has been passed through That has never met my dad All the leaders in this country Even our Listen No it's fine It's fine It's fine It's fine guys So many of you don't know who my dad is But someday You will get to know him My dad just made me cry But I have to control my emotions Yeah I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I


And the two-typed Scott McLaughlin is in there as well. Let's go, green flag this time, you guys. As we review and relive that move from Colton Herder, he'll duck to the inside and then run long at turn one. Very formula one, asked from Grojan, making it really hard for the trailing car. Up the position, so he's got to drop behind the 48. Wheel to wheel, Joseph Newgarden right there with Dalton Kellett in the K-line Insulators Chevrolet. As Newgarden continues to be, to be pressured by Roman Grojan. We're catching them out, but to go from 90 to eighth and now trying to make this move. Here we go, here we go, drag race. McLaughlin's going to have the preferred line. Oh, look at this. Talk about a run, Grojan on the inside of right hall. Graham gives Roman plenty of room, there's contact. Oh, Grojan hit some twice. And he inked for him the second time. That was almost as bad as that Jimmy Johnson pass.


Let us quickly review some of the concepts that we have discussed in this session. We can access the data entry application by going to apps and then finding our data entry app. In order to start the data entry process, we need to select an organization unit, dataset, and period. We can select an organization unit by either expanding the tree on the left-hand side or by finding the organization unit that we are looking for. With the organization unit highlighted in orange and selected in the organization unit dimension of our data entry screen, we can then select the dataset. After we select the dataset, we select the period. This will then load the dataset for us to enter our data. We can navigate in the dataset using either tab or enter to move downward or forward. We can also use shift and tab to move backward and upward. If we double-click on one of the data values, we can see the history of that particular data element. We can also add a comment and add a minimum and maximum limit. Here we can also review the audit trail in a separate tab. The audit trail shows us any changes to that particular data element value, as well as the person who made those changes. In data entry, we also have input validation. This ensures that the data we are entering meets the criteria we have specified when we selected our value type during the creation of the data element within the data element maintenance application. We also have mathematical validation rules. These can be run either at the top or the bottom of our data entry page. These identify potential errors of our data that's been entered into DHIs too. These are user defined and their creation will be discussed more in the Information Use Academy. Next to run validation, we have the incomplete and complete buttons. These buttons contribute to our reporting rate completeness in our various analysis applications. Lastly, we can enter data offline using the web data entry application. If we lose our internet connection and we enter a data value, it will save it locally to our browser cache. When our connection gets restored, we will have a prompt indicating there is data stored locally. We can upload this data, and then it will synchronize back with the main server. This ends this demonstration on the data entry web application. In the next session, we'll demonstrate the use of the Android data entry application. Let us know if you have questions about any of the features that we've demonstrated during this particular demonstration.


Hi Virgo, welcome back to the channel, this is Kelly from House of Virgo. If you're new, please smash that like, subscribe button. And if you would like to get a personal reading, link is below in the description box. Hello Virgo, Sun, Moon, Rising, or Venus. Let's get into your reading and happy birthday Virgo, if it is your birthday today. And happy birthday to Ralph Kay, also. And I do believe Steve Oh, I believe, I think. Alright, let's take a look. What are your messages going forward, Virgo, Sun, Moon, Rising, or Venus? Also thank you everyone who's bought me a coffee. Super super grateful. Okay, let's see, so you're starting off with control. You have children, communication, alright let's stop there and get into this. Let's see, so I've changed the format up a little bit, we're going to see how this goes. Okay, control, releasing, taking back your power, kinky in the bedroom, alright, alright. And also listen you guys, I just uploaded the week's video on my OnlyFans. Those are readings that I do there that I cannot do here on YouTube. So if you are interested in getting some kinky readings, or just using the decks that I can't use here, go on over to my OnlyFans, it's $4.99 a month. To sign up you can renew at any time, you don't have to, and they are weekly readings a little extra. Okay, so let's take a look, what's going on with control? Okay, you've got the King of Cups, Cancer's Gurbio Pisces. Okay, alright, so you've got a water sign here who looks like, well there's definitely a water sign who's showing up here where there's a kinky physical thing. This person, well with the star, there could be a star, a little bit controlling, might have some control in the bedroom, that kind of thing, could be local celebrity, they could be a worldly celebrity, doesn't have to be. There is some kind of renewal, this person that looks like they are going to try to take back their power in this relationship or take back their power under the sheets. If you know what I mean, or try to get kinky under the sheets, this does not really feel like a love thing, but there is renewal and healing as well. I do feel like this person does have like a physical thing for you, or may just, there could be like this puppet string kind of thing going on here, popping on a string, master of puppets, maybe a little Metallica, this person might like Metallica. Alright, let me see, what else is going on, ooh, Cupid's Arrows, well there's definitely some crush stuff happening here, wow, there we go. So there's going to be a lot of communication, maybe some love bombing, doesn't necessarily mean I'm not picking up like the big N word, but it does feel like a lot of communication happening in October, physical, very strong like physical engage and release, if you know what I mean, I can't really say the words here, but a lot of physical release, orgasmic release kind of thing happening here. So you know, you take that the way you want to take that, okay, but I do feel like October, there will be communication, some good news definitely arriving from a king of cups, let me see here, could be travel by plane or long distance travel, and I'm also getting, there's like taking some action, some quick change and some action happening here, let me see something, so we also have Aquarius, I want to give you, I want to also tell you that Aquarius, hold on, and I'm picking up also Sagittarius as well, okay, because somebody could be on the cusp of Pisces Aquarius or Scorpio Sagittarius, okay, just one more please, okay, or Libra Scorpio energy, okay, so I feel like this person is definitely coming in to make something, like definitely bringing you some truth that there's a strong physical kind of thing, and tell you that they, to be fair, I feel like I'm quoting, to be fair, I really just, I want to tie you up, that's what I'm saying, oh my god, I'm going to get banned for saying this, and the crazy thing is, I just have to say, the reading that I uploaded for my OnlyFans, it was the message was so similar, so I guess maybe I'm not going to segue into that here, but I will tell you that if this part right here, I'm actually going to leave this, if that resonates for you, go on over to my OnlyFans and go get that message, because that goes in like 20 minutes long, way deeper, so there might be something there, I'm going to leave that there, and let's just move on and see what's going on with children, childlike, innocence, and fun, okay, so I feel like some of you Virgos are like, I'm too grown up for that shit, Virgo, you're getting into more of like, some of you might be like, hmm, I'm working too much, honestly, that's what I feel like is happening here, some of you are just in this place, like I'm working way too much, I don't have time for the kids, I don't have time to just go play and be a child, I'm working way too much, some of you are thinking about vacation, or you're thinking about doing something more fun, or something that you want to do that's fun, okay, yeah, look at you, you're working too much, you're like, working yourself to the bone, I feel like this is, you're like, leaving yourself out in the cold, like this poverty mindset, you're Virgo, you're isolated in October, you know, I really feel like these cards, I don't know, I don't find any joy with the way these cards are looking like right here, I feel like there's joy with the children, I feel like there's joy with this, because it's not just children, it's just innocence and fun as well, and I feel like it's, I feel like the message here is you need to find something fun to do for yourself, whatever fun is for you, because I feel like you're either working too much, or you're working too hard, and what does fun, I know there's some Virgos who are like, well, you know, I really enjoy working, I mean, it's really fun, and that's fine, you can find a way to have fun while you're at work, if you really enjoy working, you know, but there's something here about October, so I don't know what exactly that could be, I feel like you get some invites to do stuff, or to go somewhere, to go out, that kind of thing, but I kind of feel like you just don't want to, maybe Virgo, maybe you have like a little bit of depression or something, or you're just struggling with something, and maybe you're like a little bit depressed, or you're feeling like, just don't want to, maybe you could be getting some invites, or an invite to go to date, you're kind of isolating here, and just diving into your work, you could be reeling from a past relationship, where it's kind of like, you know what, I just want to be alone, I'm just gonna do my job, I'm just gonna build my empire, but you know, and I think that's great, and work can be very therapeutic, but I also feel like, if there's got to be a little bit of balance, so you will get like a surprise offer that comes in, or an invite, somebody invites you to go out, or to do something, I feel like take it, okay, take it in October, to just get out and like, I don't know, do a little something fun, so you can break up the monotony of your everyday work, just try to get a little sun, you know, open up them curtains a little bit, I mean, if you look at the hermit here, yeah, it's all gray, and dark, and he's isolated, and he's like up on this mountain, all by himself, but at least he has a little light, it's got a tiny little star, it's got a little bit of a light there, it's not completely dark, you know, so let a little light, let a little light in, is what I'm hearing, and he looks all gray and gloomy, and I know he's being very self-reflective, but that star, you know, the star is like renewal, the star is healing, you know, maybe you have an connection with an Aquarius, or you have Aquarius somewhere in your chart, I feel like Aquarius is kind of like just letting things go, you know, that's the fool as well, that's like being adventurous, you know, so I feel like there's some kind of need to kind of like get some hope, have like a little new beginner beginning, or have like a little fresh hope about something, okay. Now you also have communication, texting, phone calls, and some online stuff going on, so let's see what's going on here, so you're gonna get some calls or some communication, let's say from who, what is this communication? Oh, okay, so you've got an emperor, so this could be an Aries for some of you, could be from that boss who was interested in you yesterday, I say, or the day before, I can't remember, ooh, okay, so somebody, ooh, somebody who wants to like steal away or sneak away with you, let me see, there's the fool, absolutely, Aquarius energy, so you are gonna get a message though also from someone who's going to tell you that somebody, you're gonna hear from someone, and someone's gonna tell you that their partner is away on business, and they think that they're cheating or something like that, or they're doing some kind of theft, or they stole something, you're gonna hear something like that, right, or you're gonna be asking someone if, like while they're away, if they were messing around, or if somebody's messing around, so it's like a text or a phone call, and it has to do with somebody cheating, okay, so it may be connected to you, or it could be about a friend, you're gonna hear something, definitely in October in regards to this, could be about an Aries, it could be about a beep out, gosh, be about an Aquarius, let me see, okay, could be for some of you it's connected to children, or it's connected to siblings, so like you might hear from a sister or a brother, I think Jack's cheating, or I think this is going on, or something like that, okay, could be hearing from a father, or like an older sibling, or something like that, or could be something for some of you it's about work, somebody's stealing from work, if you're in like a family business as well, there's some kind of concern, it's a little bit of like something comes through, or you reach out to another person, and there's something that comes through, okay, I don't feel like you're gonna get a message that someone's gonna gossip and tell you that your person is messing around, I don't pick that up, and you may receive a message from your person asking you if you're sneaking around, whoever your person is, okay, so there's definitely keep your eyes peeled for some kind of something to do with a text message or a call in regards to someone doing something deceptive, you might have someone from your past also reaching out and asking hey did you ever cheat on me or something like that, kind of that's kind of a quirky thing to ask but it's odd, I guess it could happen, all right let's see what else is going on here, something good for Virgo, give Virgo something good, okay, oh spiritual growth, okay you got that the other day, young female, past love, okay, let's see what's up, all right, spiritual growth, learning, expanding the soul, all right that's good, let's take a look, what's going on with your spiritual growth Virgo, how's that going for you, wow they just flipped this right out, oh well you're at the end of some kind of struggle, so that's excellent, hard work man, it's been hard, Virgo I feel like you've been really putting in the work and the effort for your spiritual growth, look at that the Hierophant, there you go, I mean you have reached the peak for sure, like you have come to full understanding, you are in like this default stage, like you know how it works now, you know, you're off, you're offloading your burdens to spirit, that's what I feel like is going on, so that's the peak, so what does that mean, I feel like your spiritual journey has come to this place now where instead of, you're just like basically, you know when you need to do your praying, you know when you need to do your meditating, you know when you need to stage, you know when you need to like take that walk and do that, like listen to that good soul music, you know when to talk positive stuff to yourself, you know you know where to go, you know what books to read, you're not kind of lost, you're not kind of walking in the dark as far as your spiritual growth at this point, so it's like you've been listening to podcasts, you've been watching the videos, you've been reading the books, you've been learning, you know, and it's definitely been like a battle, like a long journey for you, but I feel like with the Hierophant, like when you have a struggle, you've been coming to this place where it's like, you come to like, if it's meant for me, it's for me, and if it's not, it's not, and you come to this place where you're okay with it, you know, you're like, you know, you trust in the process now, you're giving it to God, you're giving it to Spirit, you're not stressing yourself anymore, you know that there's something greater out there that's going to, you know, take care of things for you, you know, and you're not trying to control things, so your spiritual growth is like really amazing, and I feel like, I really feel like you're at the peak, you know, like the first card that starts the journey of the wands is the Ace of Wands, and the Ace of Wands is always like inspiration, and having that new growth, that start, that new beginning, and the 10 is like the end of the journey, you know what I mean? So I feel like you're like taking all your burdens, and with the Hierophant, you have finally come to this place where, you know, I'm dropping them all now because I can't control everything, and everything that's happened in the past, like I've learned the lesson, you know, so I really feel like you've come to this great place, and look where you've ended up here, where like you've matured, you know, so I feel like you're in a really great place with your spiritual growth, and I mean, congratulations, like you've graduated, and you can now like enjoy your life, that's what I feel, and I feel like in October, you're really going to feel the effects of that, you know, and that's awesome, that's like super positive for you, and if you're still doubting yourself, well it's not October yet, so you know, just kind of, and it's just spiritual growth is like anything, it's like muscle growth, you know, it's like education, you know, kindergarten through 12th grade, or all the way up through college, you know, and all the way up through your PhD if you choose so to get it, but it's obviously it's like an education all the way to the very last day, like we always keep learning, we should always remain a student, so we always keep learning, but the fundamentals and the basics, I see in October it's like I'm good, I understand how it works now, you know, so now all I have to do is just keep walking the walk, and keep talking the talk, you know, so there's a lot of change, I see a lot of change, you've definitely, you're crossing the threshold in October, good place, being in a good place, ready to birth that whole new baby, symbolically of course, okay let's take a look here, so you've got past love in the past, or past lover, okay past love, let's take a look, why is this showing up here, why is this showing up in October, don't forget, join the OnlyFans because part of that message is in there as well, and the link is in the description box below, just go to my link tree, once you click on my link tree, there will be a link for the OnlyFans, and also at the end of this video, okay, so you've got the Eight of Cups, you've got the Queen of Pentacles, what, okay, temporary separation with a past lover, it could be a Virgo Tars or Capricorn, for some of you you've got a past love who has left and gone on and either got married or remarried, or they have created a whole new family, and you find out about this in October, and if that is sad for you, then you know, I'm sorry, I don't mean to bring sadness, but I feel like for others, if it's not sad for you, you might be just wishing them well and be happy for them, and I think if you're able to arrive at that place, then that would be really great for you, if you're able to just kind of pull up your boots, straps and say, well, I'm sad for me, but I'm happy for them, so good for them, let them be happy, okay, so this Eight of Cups though, and as far as you go here, for some of you, there is this past love situation where your past person, your past lover, if you are still kind of holding on to this person, I do feel like this person has been away from you in your life, and I do see there will be a return with this person, where it's really a divine timing kind of thing, where there will be like kind of a happily ever after for some of you, it is a Sagittarius, I will say that, and I'm also picking up, could be a Pisces, yes, okay, so this Sag, Pisces, Virgo, Taurus, or Capricorn is, what's going on with this temporary separation, what is the deal with that, okay, might have been locked up in prison, they're getting out of jail, for others, there is this energy of, they had some mental struggle, or mental instability, and I feel like they had to go get well, I just heard they had to go get well, okay, they had to, yeah, they had to go get well, okay, now as far as like how long you guys have been separated, it may have been for some it's eight days, eight weeks, eight months, eight years, okay, so I'm going to leave that there with the past love situation, now you also have young female, so what's going on with this young female, it says youthful, also music and fashion, let's see, okay, king of wands, oh, okay, so I see a young female, she wins some kind of an award, there's a young female winning an award, or she gets recognized by someone for some kind of a talent, now it could be you, or someone connected to you, she gets recognized for a talent, it could have something to do with writing, right, there was fashion, there was music, it could be sport, she gets a lot of accolades, applause, contracts are written, she gets signed for something, that six of wands, she gets an agent, yes, huge, okay, especially in October, and I'm just, there's like recognition, success, victory, award, good news, definitely, and this king of wands comes in as someone who's like, they're powerful, they're well-known, a well-known person that comes in and offers a contract or signs, yeah, it's a sweet deal for sure, a sweet, sweet deal, beautiful, yeah, this young female, so it could be something to do with, they're telling me maybe, for some it's like gymnastics, like maybe the Olympics, or some kind of competitive sports, or you know, something where there's performance is what I feel, she might even get some kind of finish school early, or she gets some kind of an award for something to do with school as well, or she gets accepted also in a school, or some kind of a scholarship, they're also saying like some kind of diploma, or accepted into a, she gets an award of some sort, or signed a deal, you know, it doesn't have, it could be school, like a music school, or a fashion school, or you know, she's a young female, so I don't feel like she could be, you know, obviously she's under 18, she could even be along the lines of like a child here at the Page of Cups, now obviously like she could be your child, she could be your niece, or a friend's child, you know, or a grandchild, there's a connection, you have a connection to her somehow, some way, right, could be a boy as well, but they're giving me young female, you know, in this day and age it doesn't matter, so I feel like there's definitely recognition, you may get some communication from a parent about this, and it's like wow, it's like oh my gosh, there's some kind of, well I was going to say funding, I mean there is success, but there's no, I don't see the money aspect here, let me say, but there is notification about this for sure, so I think that's pretty darn cool, so darn, it's so darn amazing that somebody can't sleep, it's like oh my god, it's almost so stressful, like I can't, like there's no sleep, nobody's sleeping, everybody's up, like it's so, this is like a million dollar lottery win, two million, five million, yeah, nobody's sleeping, I'm going to tell you that right now, this is how amazing this is, we're up all night, the stress, this poor kid, it's so exciting, she's going to need, like somebody's going to need to make sure that she gets some sleep, because she's going to be overwhelmed with happiness and joy, that she's, I know that this is not a happiness and joy card, but I'm telling you, look at this, she's like oh my god, oh my gosh, she's going to be worried, like how am I going to do this, how am I going to do this, oh my gosh, maybe not if she's five, if she's really little, there might be like this, she might get a little scared, but I feel like it's a really good thing, I do, it's good for her, her future looks already sealed, her future is already been confirmed, or will be at least in October, this is amazing, I would love for you guys to leave me a comment, if you already are like oh we're waiting for this, so this thing, yes definitely, we know what this is, we know what this is, let me see, what do we want to do, I just want to get other messages here, what, we already know what this is, okay let's see, and don't forget tomorrow I'll be back, we're going to do your weekend reading, okay you've got bossy male, direct honest female, okay what's going on here, a bossy male and a direct honest female, okay we've got fire sign and an air sign, money in the bank, okay there's definitely going to be some type of conversation and a little bit of negotiation, as far as money goes or a raise, promotion, that kind of thing going on at a career or a job or maybe a strike, there's definitely going to be something happening in regards to money and a job situation between workers and employers, did I say this week, I meant this month, definitely about money, okay not enough money in the bank or needing to have more money in the bank, so many arguing about their pay or not enough money or could be a union thing going on, that's definitely going to be playing out for you specifically, so pay attention to that, you also have a new love beginning happening, you have a motherly figure watching over you, guiding you, you are also divinely blessed, open your heart to receive in October, cherish your children if you have any, animals and be one with love, let's see what else, okay you also have a new love start happening and that's what I was hearing here, open your heart to receive, you've got love coming in definitely in October, we saw the yesterday too, so yeah love us on the table Virgo, definitely in October, there is no doubt, cuffing season is beginning, you will not be alone, I definitely feel a plus one is coming in for you in October, peace, the influence of balance and harmony are over you, leave things be and allow spirit to work in your life, all good things are happening behind the scenes, trust that God, trust that spirit is working in your life, even when you feel discouraged, be patient, trust his timing, you have Cupid's arrows, love messages and travel are happening in October, a lot of that and haste, speed and travel, so there's going to be some love and travel, could for some of you a long distance relationship is going to be moving fast and furious and moving forward in October, let's take a look at your Chinese sign and see, okay for you we have ear of the snake, ear of the dragon, ear of the pig, ear of the ox, ear of the tiger, ear of the horse, ear of the snake again, that's like a cobra, ear of the pig, wait dog, excuse me, how's that a dog, oh I see it's a wolf, dog thing, okay and ear of the rooster, so if you are any of those Chinese signs this reading is specifically more for you but if you're not it doesn't mean it is not, so just keep that in mind, okay let's see what else are we going to see, let's take a look at your love messages, what love messages spirit have for you here Virgo, this could be the one you've already met the romantic partner you seek, so whoever the person in your heart is as you're listening to this reading if you're out there looking for a romantic partner you've already met them, so you might have someone in your life or in your periphery at this time that you might not consider to be someone that you would want to be in a relationship but it looks like that particular person, maybe you just know them but you don't really know them but it looks like they are the one, they could be the one for you but you may not, you might see them in passing, you know they could be like person at the gas station or where you go to get your coffee you know the spirits just saying you've already met your person, you've already met the one okay and also they're saying release your ex, the time has come to clear your energy Virgo okay all right what else so I just want to say releasing your ex does not mean you can go into your basement and untie them from the water heater, releasing your ex means you're energetically letting that person go which means you are praying and you are forgiving and you are letting them go with love okay so that could also mean writing a long love letter we're getting it all out on paper not sending it whatever it is releasing them energetically it does not mean you're you know uncuffing them from your wrist you never should have anyone any hold on anybody to that extent this is an energetic release okay so whatever it takes for you to release your ex it basically means an energetic release and that it's time now to put that into practice if you haven't done that yet okay in October or even right now as you start guys we're going into October okay let me see you also have and stay optimistic about your love life positive thinking and faith will bring you romance and it's true you know if we what we think is what we attract it's true positive thinking will attract positive thinking and faith will bring you romance right so if you are in that place of being optimistic and staying positive and staying in faith love will come in if you're always in a negative it's never going to happen for me that's you're basically telling the universe and they're going to mirror that back to you so what you put out there is what you get in return okay and what happens very soon clearly decide what you want so that it comes to you now so that's about what you're putting out into the universe what do you want so that it comes to you what are you putting out there okay i feel like these are more like little spiritual lessons than predictions at least those messages were all right let's see let's get into yes yes everyone it is scrabble time but i'm not going to spend a whole hour on that scrabble time okay so 1982 significant year for somebody okay someone's name starts with the letter E someone is age 40 1971 okay someone's name starts with the letter N okay someone is 49 okay September 2nd August 23rd and someone is age 30 okay someone is using aloe right now or it puts aloe or put aloe on their skin someone just got a loan or just got approved for a loan let's see if we can get some names okay i just heard Jeff J no they're giving me G E O F F um i just heard Jo Joseph Jose somebody's got some fog it's foggy out somebody has fios fios okay somebody plays foosball foos foosball foosball foosball okay okay okay so many likes the foo fighters foo fighters i forget their songs that was more of a pearl jam fan foos fighters kind of like yeah i liked some nirvana songs and i did like some of the foo fighters stuff but i was just a pearl jam girl okay initial k and we have initial a initial l we have kaley kali we have someone's name starts with the letter u someone's name has two oos two oos what the hell am i saying two o's someone just took a poo just taking a poo while they're listening to my readings that's disgusting there's someone's on someone's in the loo taking a poo listening to house of vergu crazy y'all crazy okay um okay derek queen anybody just going to get some ice cream um um die da i uh kala dara okay calu calu these are some interesting yeah names leo somebody called leo somebody called for a leo okay somebody drinking some ale all right uh aldi's going to aldi's all right someone's in california oklahoma alabami someone is in falarta lives in falarta louisiana i'm hearing and um colorado okay uh joplin i just heard joplin mississippi okay um hold on a second now somebody here has the flu or is getting the flu i'll take care of yourself if you have the flu if you're sick i hope you feel better the california flu is that what it's called the calf flu okay be careful hawaii someone's in hawaii awaii all right you guys so that was fun i think i'm gonna leave that there oh they just gave me four numbers hold on they said six six seven eight that's funny all right they're giving me four more numbers so i guess these would be like phone numbers so last four digits of a phone number six six seven eight five three one zero here's another one three one seven nine three one one four and six five seven three okay so if that resonates for you that would be crazy oh wait i gotta get a charm then that would be great then that's a message for you let's see what do we have here what and jesus's sandals is this you guys sometimes i do get i do get a charm and i can't tell you what it is and i'll show it to you but i'm not going to speak on it because i have no idea what it is okay i just want you to know if anything comes to me i will let you know there is okay it's a leaf i feel like maybe it's a leaf of some sort it's a very all right it's a broken leaf okay a broken leaf uh somebody might have a gold leaf that's like missing some parts to it it's it's a broken leaf or it's a very odd um it's a okay a fading leaf they just said so leaf that's green but it's got a lot of yellow in it so it's kind of like fading and i i don't feel like that's very unique but something is telling me that you if you see that right after this video a fading leaf fading color or it's got some strange colors in it in weird places that's definitely a message here for you i don't know what that means except to say it's about change something to do with change oh look you've got an owl what the hell is that an owl or like a cat bird what the hell is that thing that's not an owl i've never seen an owl with ears all right you guys there's some this is some kind of a there's a cat bird that's a cat bird y'all that is some strange kind of hybrid looking cat bird looking thing i don't even know what the hell that is and i can't even tell you somebody maybe there's like somebody's got but there's okay they're just saying these are weird messages now of course we're going into some the holidays we're going into over here where we are up in the northern hemisphere we're going into the fall season there might be a cat in a tree that's what i'm hearing there's a cat in the tree you're going to see a cat in a tree and you're going to think it's a bird but it's a cat that right there i don't know what to say that's a cat bird so just the word bird is the word cat bird is the word i know i said the other day i think i said cat dog wasn't that like a cartoon back in the early 2000s but no was that even earlier maybe but this is i not speaking on it because i have no i thought it was an owl but i honestly have never seen an owl with ears so yeah leave me a comment if you know so many of these why am i picking up the weird charms because the other day we had tools didn't we and i tried so hard to say the l in caulk because i just was struggling with that okay i'm gonna do one more and then we're done and if this isn't a normal everyday kind of charm i don't know what to say all right i don't i don't know what to say i can't even pick one up okay well one last thing we've got a footprint so that's really cute there's a footprint there's a baby footprint so like i said there's something the other day about a pregnancy you're going to find out about a pregnancy um and or a baby being born and there's going to be like a little footprint being pressed ink onto birth certificate of some sort you might be looking at your kids footprints old footprints you might find their old birth certificate so you know how they do the little baby footprints you might be looking at that or maybe putting them in frames or something super super cute um or doing something with that or giving that as a gift to someone new mom all right i'm gonna leave that there because my grandson is visiting now i just heard his little voice and i'm gonna have to go say hello to him so i love you guys i will see you all back here tomorrow for your week and reading have a great night and take care


I am Jordan Brown. I'm one of the grad student coordinators for the RF Brown Bag series here. And if anybody has any announcements before or after the talk, do post that in the YouTube chat. And I will convey those. The only one that I've got at the top of the hour here is that our next Brown Bag next week is going to be with our very own recent graduate, David Hyde, who will be talking about the wide and wild world of CRM consulting. So he's been doing a lot of work in cultural resource management. I'm excited to hear about that. So we'll begin today with a land acknowledgement modeled on that developed by the Native American Student Development Office in partnership with the Muwakumaloni tribe. We consider this a working formulation to be replaced with language reflecting the particular position of the art community, which will be developed in collaboration with appropriate stakeholders who are working on that. The Archaeological Research Facility sits on the territory of Ho Chiun, the ancestral and unceded land of the Chochenyo-Aloni, the successors of the historic and sovereign Verona Band of Alameda County. We hereby acknowledge that this land remains of great importance to the Alameda people, that every member of the art community benefits from the continued occupation of this land, and that it is our responsibility to support indigenous sovereignty and hold the University of California accountable to the needs of American Indian and indigenous peoples. So this week, we have Alyssa Scott on screen here today, who is a historical archaeologist and also works on the archaeologies of institutions, health care, the built environment, 19th and 20th centuries, and is interested in the archaeology of the contemporary material culture and processes of identification, such as gender, race, disability, and age. She'll be talking today about some of these issues in relation to tuberculosis sanitariums in 20th century California. So close to home, both spatially and temporally. And I'm very excited to hear this talk, because in fact, I got to hear about this research in an earlier stage in my very first archaeology course that I took here at Berkeley. So that was, in a sense, Alyssa's research was formative to my introduction to the Berkeley archaeology community. So without any further ado, we will hear from Alyssa for archaeology at the Weimar Joint Sanatorium for Tuberculosis. If you've got questions, please do paste them into the YouTube chat, and I will ask them after the talk. Take it away. Thank you very much, and thanks for allowing me to speak today. So I'll be talking about the Weimar Joint Sanatorium for Tuberculosis. And I've been, as part of my dissertation fieldwork, I've been doing, or a project I've been doing fieldwork archival research and oral histories at the site of the sanatorium. And I'm going to discuss some of the results of that work today and some ongoing research.  In the past, in everyday objects, such as ceramic dishes, pipes, window glass and fences are connected to ideas about health and the body. Pedestrian survey, mapping geophysical survey at the site of the Weimar Joint Sanatorium, has revealed remnants of daily life and everyday objects that form part of everyday life at the sanatorium. So this presentation examines the dynamic intersection between disease, everyday practices, the creation of norms and implications for social memory and visibility of disease epidemics. I'll relate these issues to contemporary processes of identification and inequality in the health landscape today. And I will, with particular focus on the intersection between race, gender, and disability and tuberculosis sanatorium institutionalization. So before I go on, this photo on the slide was the nurses building at the Weimar Joint Sanatorium. And I'll talk about later, it has a lot of balconies, a lot of windows, which are typical and kind of part of the health ideology behind TB sanatoriums and health in general at that time. OK, so in this presentation, I just want to start out by saying that I will discuss topics such as institutionalization, ableism, racism, health disparities, and other forms of discrimination, which could be upsetting for some people. I also think it's important to realize when we're to recognize too, as well, since we are in the midst of a pandemic too and I'll be talking about disease. I just want to recognize that a number of people have personal experiences or might be undergoing grief. And just to kind of reflect on that as well. And there's a number of differences between TB and COVID. But I think it's important, something I've been reflecting on throughout this last year, as well as all the other things that have been going on to this year. Also mentioned too that this project does not involve excavation of burials. And when I mentioned the word bodies or body, I'm talking about this as far as in body experiences and more of a theoretical sense, not as actual bodies. And when I'm talking about health, I'll be mainly talking about the artifacts and the space and the buildings surrounded in landscape. And I guess one last note too is that I'll be talking, when I'm talking about disability, I'll be talking about using the word disabled persons to indicate because I'll be talking about it in terms of identity and the intersection with other forms of identification. And just a last also note, I think it's important, is that I'm of course not a doctor or a health professional too. So if you have any questions about any of that, refer to actual doctors or official sources. OK, so the overview of the, so first of all, I'll give a quick over, so I'll give a quick background to TB sanatorium and TB and some of my research questions into these types of institutions. I will orient my research. I'll quickly go over some of the methods used and then present some of the perspectives I've gained and highlight some different types of material culture, which I've been thinking through. Today, I'll focus mainly on two types. I'm going to focus on pipes like water and sewer pipes of the sanatorium and chain link fences, but I'll kind of briefly touch over some of the other types that I've been thinking through as part of this project. And photo here shows a dormitory building at the sanatorium. OK, so tuberculosis is a respiratory disease mainly, although it can affect other parts of the body. It's usually spread through coughing or speaking. The disease is there has been there are antibiotics to treat the disease since the 1940s. So it is largely there are antibiotic resistant strains, but most cases it is curable. So the disease, so it can go into latency for many years, but it's also still one of the major killers globally. And it's one of the top 10 killers worldwide to this day, regardless of the fact that there has been a treatment for it since the mid 20th century. So OK, so this photo is also one of the dormitory buildings at the sanatorium. OK, so some background on TB sanatorium sanatorium where long term residential hospitals where people suffering from tuberculosis would stay for a period of time in hopes of recovering. A person would stay would range from a few weeks or years in the sanatorium treatment focused on rest, fresh air, or high altitude, a special diet, and sunlight. Although, so that the sanatorium period was mainly between the early 1900s through the 1940s before antibiotics. So it was after germ theory. So they knew that it was caused by a bacterium, but they didn't yet have an effective treatment. They didn't have antibiotics. So the idea behind it was generally to kind of boost the immune system. In order for people to be able to fight off the infection. Although most sanatoriums were public or charitable, or some sanatoriums were public or charitable institutions, most of them cost a lot of money. So this one that I'll be discussing today, I'll discuss in relation to some of those others. But also I want to keep in mind that this is a public one. It isn't necessarily representative of a lot of the cases of these sanatoriums. And there was kind of a very diverse health landscape of private institutions and public institutions as well. So again, this is another one of the sanatorium dormitories shown in this photo. It has big windows, which will be common throughout pretty much all of the photos that you'll see. But I just thought I'd put quite a lot of them up here. So you kind of get a sense of what is typical of the buildings at this sort of place. OK, so my main field site is the Weimar Joint Sanatorium. It opened in 1919 and was jointly operated by a group of counties in California. During its existence, it was operated by up to 15 counties in Northern and Central California, although several joined or left a different port period. So that changed over the history of the sanatorium. It was built for indigent patients who were unable to pay for treatment elsewhere. And at its peak, it housed almost 500 patients. It also, the Bureau of Indian Affairs built a Native American building at the sanatorium in the 1930s. And so there are people from this, the patients who were here would have been from all over California. So after the 1940s, it changed focus and eventually became a general medical center, although it still had a focus on chest and lung issues. And in 1975, after it closed in the early 70s, it became Hope Village, which is a relocation center for Vietnamese refugees. And in 1977, the property was bought by a 70-day Adventist group and became the Weimar institution, which is what it is today. So this is another photo of one of the dormitory buildings, again, showing you lots of windows. These are self-facing windows, too, for lots of sunlight. So TB and material culture. So similarly, in the ways that the current pandemic has caused people to reconfigure daily life, disease in the past also had disease and health in the body in the past is also connected to material culture. The TB sanatorium treatment applied not only to sanatorium but also aligned with a broader ideology surrounding health, which was embedded and materialized in many aspects of material culture in the built environment. So examples of what you can think or that are apparent nowadays are, of course, masks and gloves. But you could also think about cleaning supplies, exercise equipment. Even at the time, the glaze on the bottom of ceramics, the ceramics companies were arguing that that was more sanitary because you would stack plates and it was less likely to have dirt at the bottom of it. So it really does actually infiltrate. Ideas of health in the body do actually infiltrate all aspects of material culture. So at the time, some examples that were TB specific were when those became more popular, which I've shown a lot of. And buildings also were trying to incorporate more sunlight. So about the Canis and Solaria started being built not only in institutions like what I'll discuss today but also in homes, parks were often returned to as the lungs of the city. And there was a greater movement to having outdoor areas where people could be outside and have access to fresh air. So since sunlight and TB were part of the cure for it. So since sunlight and fresh air were part of the treatment for TB, the site was kind of built around this treatment in a lot of ways. So this shows a map of the site. And I know it might be a little too small to see. But some of the yellow buildings are male patient dorms. The green ones are female dorms. The red could be our buildings used by either. And it's kind of built up on a hill, again for sunlight. And they're all kind of aligned on this slope. They also had a dairy up in the top left corner. So they're trying to, which comes into a special diet. At the time, they thought that lots of milk products were good for TB. So they had dairy on site. But there are a number of different ways in which the treatment of the TB kind of got built into the site. You can also see kind of reflection. TB was stigmatized at the time with poverty, but also with like moral overtones in some ways. So at the time, by some estimates, there are actually more women with TB than men, but usually fewer female applicants at the sanatorium. So that reflects the fact that there is more buildings. Is that there was specific gendered spaces at the sanatorium. OK, so archaeologies of institutions often focus on a food podium framework in which institutions seek to control behaviors or bodies through the architecture or practices or surveillance. So example of this is this photo that I've shown, which is a drawing of Jeremy Bentham's panopticon. And this shows an example of surveillance. So this was built around, it was a prison design that wasn't actually ever built, but it was designed to have so that inmates would be seen all the time. And then if they knew that they're being surveilled, then they were supposedly would actually work to control their behavior. So this is one way in which surveillance can be built. It can be embedded in the built environment. Other contemporary examples of the way that this could be thought of would be, for instance, like fake security cameras in which, even if nobody is actually watching, it would control a person's behavior just if they thought that they were being watched. So archaeologies of institutions often focus on identifying ways of modes of surveillance and also resistance within the sanatorium through daily practices. Irving Goffin, who focuses on silos, wrote about total institutions. And he argued that patients within the sanatorium would practice resistance through everyday practices. And that also through in the sanatorium, the institutions would replace personal belongings with closing institutional items, which was supposed to encourage a transformation of self. So these ideas get reflected in a lot of archaeologies of institutions, which often seek to look for barriers. So one of Goffin's criteria for a total institution or an institution that controls would be barriers such as fences, walls, or geographic isolation. And then also looking for forms of material culture in which the people within the sanatorium might show resistance. OK, so that's the framework that I've started out with. But also I want to expand this to other thoughts, kind of beyond institutions, perhaps theorizing everyday life. And there's a lot of most archaeological projects will focus on some aspects of everyday life or daily life. So I won't go over all of this. There's, of course, been a lot in historical archaeology, particularly James Dietz's book, Small Things Forgotten, in which he positions historical archaeology as the study of remnants of daily life, which are otherwise forgotten or overlooked in the historical record. And when I'm focusing on the, I've chosen some forms of material cultures such as chain link fences, sewer pipes, which haven't been largely studied in historical archaeology yet. And I think so it's focused on kind of a process of overlooking, but it's decidedly, but also in archaeology as well. And I'll talk about a little bit more. But I also want to position kind of the thinking about the ways that material culture is visibilized, also in terms of Anna Singh's book, The Mushroom Method of the World, in which she describes the way that, at first, she found the Masuki mushrooms to be an acquired taste, and then eventually got to like them. But artifacts, I think, also have meaning that is dependent upon temporal contacts and associations. And this forms part of a larger assemblage. And this has effect on the visibility of daily objects, including to archaeologists who form part of this assemblage, which is true for me because I didn't necessarily. So I would not originally, I was looking originally, I tend to look at barriers and pathways and fences, but I think otherwise would not have thoughtfully to think about sewer pipes, which are usually the thing that's in the way of the other archaeology when you're looking at geophysics. But so I think throughout this has kind of been a transformation as far as looking at the processes led me to look at some other forms of material culture, which I wouldn't necessarily have thought of otherwise. So in this project, I have focused on aspects of contemporary material culture, which are often overlooked or forgotten in archaeological studies. And my research is influenced by both queer theory and crypt theory in that the critique normativity and their discussion of identification. I also draw on psychoanalytic reading in that things that are forgotten, for example, forgotten word or phrase, are not necessarily forgotten or overlooked because they are unimportant, but that they also indicate either a much larger process, either of ordering or of an assemblage, which continue to be, which it continues to be a part of. And in this normativity facilitates forgetting which can obscure structures of power ideologies or social structures for objects that are continued to mundane in contemporary culture. So chain link fences are something that you see every day. Water and sewer pipes are something that you don't see every day, but you use that every day. So beyond institutions, these aren't really material that is institutionally specific, but can also be thought of as far beyond the bounds of the site. OK. So the four types that I'm focusing on, again, are window glass, chain link fences, water and sewer pipes, the ceramic dishes. And today, I'll talk mainly about water and sewer pipes, and I'll go over some of the geophysical studies that I conducted at the site. And I'll talk a little about chain link fences, but I won't go into the other two in as much depth. So my research questions are, how are emerging narratives about disease in the body communicated through material culture and the built environment? How are people in the past and the present affected by these narratives about health? Ideas about health, the body, and disability. And how do these narratives result in stigma, discrimination, privilege, or health disparities? So in 2017, 2018, I undertook a minimally invasive fieldwork study of the site of the Weaver Joint Sanitarium. I used a variety of low impact fieldwork methods, including mapping, pedestrian survey, magnetometer survey, and ground penetrating radar. Additionally, I've been doing archival research and oral histories throughout the project. And there's a very extensive archive set of archival sources associated with the site. So here's a photo of one of the field students practicing with the magnetometer. And this shows kind of the extent of the places that we are able to do the magnetometer survey. You'll notice a lot of times they're pretty close to the buildings, but it still works out. We still got good results. OK, so this is the geophysics. And you'll see Lucy Gill and Nick Praz, who are there on the field site with me doing that. And again, so this is pretty heavily unscaped over in the campus. I'll show an aerial photo later. There is also a lot of land around it. But a lot of that wasn't conducive to geophysical survey due to vegetation and also probably not places where I was likely to find much. So the things that we are looking for through this, there were tents on the sanatorium. So I was hoping to see if there were any places where I could find compacted soil at Earth, of which the GPR measures areas that can detect areas of compaction. I was also looking for other sorts of pathways or other structures and landscaping features. So there's a number of things as far as there was a miniature golf course on the sanatorium. And there are a number of other landscaping features which actually tie into the treatment of tuberculosis, not miniaturcal specifically, but outdoor spaces and outdoor recreation. OK, so this is an example of one of the areas that we did in the shows the magnetometer survey. So this is when I reference how I've depicted. So this is shows cement pathway. So it has a kind of pale gray perspective. The magnetometer measures differences in the Earth's magnetic field. So this black and white, black and white pattern here is the segments of a pipe. They have a positive and negative end. So this is very clearly a metal pipe. And other things like this could also be ceramic. So the ones that aren't clearly metal pipe as linear feature could be ceramic or PVC pipe. And then I combine those with also the GPR to kind of deduce what those are, because the GPR can give annotation of what the problem of fitting, like how big the feature is, whether it's a flat thing or kind of a more rounded thing to some extent. So these are some of the features. And there's also a linear feature as well and like stone wall. This is one that I could see from the surface. So it was a good example for identifying features in other parts of the site. OK, so I didn't originally plan on studying sewer pipes but and water pipes on the site. But there's actually quite a lot. And the fact is that in archaeology, I think it's important to kind of go with what you find. And there's actually quite a lot you can see. So it's a 20th century. So they tie into the sanitary movement in the mid 19th century. The round pipes and having enclosed like sanitary system sewer system dates to the 19th century. And so it's it's the late 19th century in most places. So it's it's kind of an artifact that ties into some of the larger like sanitary movement. The sewer pipes, the water pipes can also give another a bunch of indications as far as what the relationship is between the site and the rest of the the landscape. The sanatorium, they did it all on site. So it was it was just kind of unique. So it wasn't like feeding into another like larger city system. There's also another other landscape features as far as at the sanatorium. I'll talk about there is a number of of issues as far as they're constantly replacing them because there were concerns due to sanitation and they're also constantly having to update the fire system. They had a few buildings that burned down throughout the history of it. And it's also in California and the Foothills in Placer County, which if you know nowadays it's California is always a high fire risk. And they're all wood buildings. OK, so this is a quote from one of the from somebody who was instrument for Ward, who is instrumental in kind of rethinking the sanitation and the sanitary sewer, which is kind of what people use nowadays as opposed to having like a drain. And he specifically, as you can see from this quote, which I won't read out, he kind of reenvisioned the city. And these are primarily in urban places. So he reenvisioned the city as kind of a human circulatory system. And the sewer systems were going to be the like you'd have a pump and that was going to be the part of the heart. And it was going to circulate waste from the city into the rural areas where it was going to be cleaned agriculturally and then sent back as it and then like fed into the food. So it was going to be incorporated into agriculture. And then agriculture was going to produce food for the city. So this it tends to be even to this day, this this metaphor for the body and pipes in the water system tends to get recirculated in contemporary articles as a metaphor that's that's pretty commonly used. And it also goes along with other ones. I mentioned earlier the parks as lungs metaphor in which the city and in this case, the Sanatorium is not a city, but it was it was pretty much like a small town. They were doing everything that they they're producing their own food there. They were they had a radio station or a radio broadcast, I don't know if it's a full station, but they had all sorts of different things that was kind of like a small town. So this metaphor gets used to describe the system, which is then used to characterize cities and the relationship between cities and the rural areas. Oh, so this picture is not from the Weemer Sanatorium, but it's actually from there. Keep a Sanatorium. It's a picture from a collection of 13 newspaper pictures. And it's interesting because this one of the, you know, the newspaper reporter comes to go see the Sanatorium and of the 13 pictures that they took, one of them, she's pointing to the drains as being a really important part of the Sanatorium. So you can see at this point, it was also just that was something that they were showing being that, you know, we have good sanitation here. OK, so this also focuses on kind of a larger movement. And this word sanitary, this is a Google Engrams graph, and it shows that sanitary is actually peaks right around the time that the sanatorium, the Weemer Joint Sanatorium and other sanatoriums were being built and it gets reused in all sorts of ways. So if you are familiar with cans, the sanitary seam on cans is also the official name for like a little seam on cans. So it's really getting incorporated into a lot of different aspects of life at that time. And it's also related, of course, to the word sanatorium or sanitarium, which is the other spelling of the word. And those words often get used interchangeably at that time. Different, they have different meanings today to differ depending on who you ask. But at that time, this I'll use the word sanatorium because that was the word used at the Weemer Joint Sanatorium but that kind of ties into this larger movement. OK, so this one I'll just show some of these are some of my geophysics. These are some of the pipes. I think some of these are probably water pipes compared with the other. Well, various other sources of information. But this kind of gives an example of the sort of results from the survey or these are all over top of each other. So there's there. So there are. You know, obviously it's linear, linear things are probably pipes, but there's also if you see this. Denser area, the blues are denser areas. I think this was well, this area was on top of a playground. So there are some landscaping features probably associated with that. And there was some terracing. So there's also you could see the remnants of a wall later. So I think it extends probably here. And then there's some denser areas I could see in the profile. A lot of these tend to be I think flat pieces of cement, which could be bases or part of an old pathway. It's not really possible to know for sure a lot of these without excavation. But that is some of the sort of things that you'll see on on some of these on the on some of the results of this. OK. OK, so part of the reason that I discussing this is that it also formed a really kind of a point of contention between the sanatorium and the larger community, well, and the rest of California. The there are a number of grand jury reports to do with the sanatorium. The sanatorium was periodically expected by county grand juries, which routinely inspects. Um, usually prisons, hospitals and other facilities. So these are routine inspections and they're usually made up of in this case, they're made up of members of each of the counties who form part of the sanatorium. The group that was running the sanatorium. Um, so there are people from all over California. And at some point to they would often focus on on different aspects of the sanatorium. So in this point, they said there's an interesting case in the 1930s where specifically they published they published the reports in the local newspaper and they were concerned that the sanatorium sewage was leaking into the creek that would then go into summer homes and recreation centers. It's. I'm you know, I can't necessarily I can't I can't judge whether it was or not the sanatorium board meeting notes. The sanatorium board didn't believe that it was and that they had they had it inspected by the California. By the state, but as they would normally, but they did make changes. But it did kind of form a point of contention, which is also kind of at this point also focused interestingly on kind of a class. There's there's some interesting like so they're also concerned that they it wasn't necessarily concerned about like people living in the area, but more concerned about like summer homes. So there's some other economic interest at play to this, which the sanatorium, which is often, you know, TV was often, as I said, really are stigmatized with like urban poverty. Some of the this becomes kind of a point of contention. OK, so I'm going to head on through because I'm running out of time. So this kind of ties into other larger processes of identification. And I want to think about this also as far as the patients, like a relationship with the larger cities in that which they came from. And so a lot of times because this isn't I want to kind of expand beyond the actual bounds of the sanatorium site to actually look at kind of the larger influences. The tuberculosis at that time was considered by a lot of people as a disability because it was a long, slow disease. It would go into latency, but people would often but it could come back. And while it's in latency, it was not thought to be contagious.  It was it was thought that if you work too hard, then that would trigger a reoccurrence would cause it to come back and how it would cause people to get active to be again. So there is a push by a group led by a former remorse sanatorium patient in the 1930s in connection to also a group of disabled people who were at that time trying to push through legislation or trying to try to support legislation in California that would provides funding for people to stay home or to do projects. And to support themselves when they weren't contagious, but didn't need to be in the sanatorium. And it ultimately failed. But I think this is kind of interesting because some of the patients kind of speaks to a larger issue in that often people would go to the sanatorium and that patients who are especially later on in years or later on in the sanatorium time. And this is at like the peak of the 1930s Great Depression as well. So a lot of times patients were homeless and didn't necessarily have any place to go after the sanatorium. So I think comparing it to the larger landscape also looks at the fact that some of the patients weren't necessarily able to when they were to return to the they would end up in the sanatorium not necessarily because of like gates or fences or or rules at the sanatorium, but they would end up in the sanatorium because they had left the sanatorium and then couldn't receive access to healthcare or couldn't receive access to basic needs in which would cause a reoccurrence and then they would end up back at the sanatorium or they couldn't necessarily leave in the first place because they didn't have a home to return to. The sanatorium did have somebody did actually start a place in Sacramento for people to transition back after leaving the sanatorium, especially in the fifties and later that there is greater awareness that people hear that patients there would would have a lot of difficulty actually finding jobs afterwards. So there's a greater push for that. But I think it's important to kind of think about some of these issues and some of the larger things because those are also something that was affecting and also intersects with poverty and a larger a larger landscape, California. Okay, so another kind of result of this too. And I'm actually so I'll come back to this a second. So I want to this is a can scatter on the this is on the outskirts of the sanatorium. So again, like kind of looking beyond the main campus, some of the pedestrian system of the geophysics were mainly focused on the campus area, but pedestrian survey. I looked kind of beyond the main area and there's also a can scatter. And these are from the period in which I think it's roughly 1940s. It's outside of the sun, not in the cemetery, but outside of the cemetery. And it is all mainly individual size. So probably not like from a big institution, I would expect there to be larger sized cans. So it could very well have been somebody living outside of the sanatorium can scatters are common in the 1930s. But it kind of speaks to a larger like landscape of it kind of beyond actually just being inside of the buildings. Okay, so the last kind of thing that I'll touch upon our chain link fences. So they are it is that you can see through them there you could interpret this as a as a form of surveillance and I think this also but they're the fence of the sanatorium. There's a fence put up in the 1940s. There's a gate put up earlier in 1921. And some of these actually seem to coincide with times in which the sanatorium came under scrutiny from from the from the outside. And in one case that sanatorium entrance gate in the 20s. There is an incident where San Francisco was going to join the sanatorium, it potentially San Francisco County. And they decided not to ultimately, but somebody and it ultimately is unclear to me who exactly the newspapers are trying to figure it out and the never report was never actually I can find an actual copy of the report. Probably because it ended up being contentious, but somebody seems to have hired a private detective to in the 1920s to go into the sanatorium. And he lived there for about three weeks. And the as the newspapers reported it, he said that he gave a bad report of the sanatorium. But the accusation was mainly actually a lot of it was actually focused not on the sanatorium, although he did say that, you know, the food was bad and stuff like that and he said he, but he also a lot of a quote could use the patients of running wild in the forest and quote having orgies. So there with which is very strong language for the 1920s. That was the word used in the newspapers. So this one is probably bag for a number of different ways. The patients, particularly female patients at the sanatorium came out with a statement saying, you know, we shouldn't be accused of immorality. This is and they denied it. And I think this this speaks to some of the kind of stigma at the time against people with TB, but also at that time there's a there's there's more fences put up there was this gate put up in 1927. And there, again, in the 19 that there is another situation later on in which the newspapers, somebody accused the sanatorium is being accused of like the patients of being of drinking too much in the sanatorium. And then in the 1940s there was a chain link fence put up. Supposedly for cattle, but it was a seven, like six foot tall. Yeah, I think it was six foot tall chain link fence around the sanatorium perimeter. And when you think about chain link fences they are not typically used for cattle. They are expensive, particularly night. Well, they take a lot of wire at the time in the 1940s when fencing was being rationed. And all the other fences that you could use at that time, based on other records of like things the government was putting out as far as recommendations of like how to fence, you know, fence or cattle. Were a few feet tall, they weren't, they weren't a six foot tall chain link fence. It's visible. So a lot of these would have been visible from the highway outside of the sanatorium. So it's, it is also I think linking to kind of a more, it probably did ultimately restrict patients. But it also was a larger kind of performance of the sanatorium of control of the patients, which they were coming under scrutiny for. Yeah. Okay. Okay, so I'll wrap up because I'm over time, but I'm just going to link this back to visibilities. So I think when you're thinking about borders and boundaries, there's a tendency and this is, you know, maps of pandemic or back to disease show this a lot that you know shows it. As far as countries and national borders. But I think it's also important to think about the visibility that some of these kind of the role of visibility in some of the focus on borders and and also the fact that TB is is still the major killer worldwide and largely in countries with a colonial past or history of colonial colonialization. And so focusing on these So throughout my experience through this project, unless a person like knows somebody who had TB or had some personal experience isn't largely widely known. So I just, I just want to reflect on the kind of the actual global visibility of the pandemic and thinking it in a certain space, rather than kind of thinking through some of the larger issues. So thinking beyond critically beyond borders and boundaries and also what role they are actually playing. Also, in normalizing equitable access to health care and services and equipment. Yeah. Okay. And how this ties back to everyday life and objects that are familiar that often gone notice. Thank you. Thank you. And I'll just put up my contact info and my website. If you want to learn more about the project or contact me. Wonderful. Thank you so much for that Alyssa. We've got a couple of questions here in the in the YouTube chat if you have a moment to answer them I figure we started a little late so we can go a little long. So, well there was one from Kent regarding the sewer. He's hopefully Kent if you're if you're listening out there you can type that in into the chat and full and and we'll get to it. Second, so I will ask the second question first, which is from Christine Astor. How much did the March of Dimes participate or contribute to this sanatorium. The March of Dimes. Um, you know I'm actually not sure I don't I don't know much about that. I'll have to look into it. They had various set fundraising campaigns and I think at this time Christmas seals was the big one. And they had like a community chest foundation. I think it was large their funding was largely from counties though it was a. Um, so I think later on, they, yeah, so I'll have to look into that more. Cool. Thank you for that. I've got another question here. Or mercury lead or perhaps toxic cleaning products mixed into the effluent and incinerated at the facility. I'm not sure. So, um, I'll it wasn't under any of the discussion in any of the newspaper archives. It was far away from the. The sewer area. So, but they but they were incinerating stuff on site. So, yeah, so no historical documents that I know of. At that time period. Mention that, but yeah, I'm not certain about that. It didn't form part of the discourse as much. Um, let's see, we got a question from Laurie Wilkie here. Asks if you would perhaps say a few words about how thinking with crypt theory changed how you thought about materials from the site. Um, so, um, thinking about thinking with crypto so career theory and crypto theory. It formed kind of my focus on like critique of normativity in this and thinking about. Again, like, it really kind of a questioning the assumption will also just question my own normative assumptions of like what I was playing to find and what were. What I should find out had a place like this. Um, so I think in a lot of ways, it kind of visualized forms of material culture, which I would not have thought of otherwise and crypt theory, particularly. I think, which is kind of the focus of career theory, but focus more on disability and different bodies did actually it like made me think critically about different forms of embodiment and kind of the different ways that that would have been constructed now and then. Awesome. Well, thank you for that. I have a question of my own if there's nothing else popping up in chat. Just a couple of very warm thank yous for an interesting talk. Yeah, so I was really intrigued by the way you were talking about like, sort of the, the public health knowledge at the time, and like how there was like, well, you know, it was a germ, but we didn't have the right thing to treat it. So we're going to sort of elaborate this sort of therapeutic, you know, theory of how to deal with this phenomenon. I was curious if particularly in relation to like the campaign you had talked about from like the former sanatorium. I guess that dwellers, I guess. If there were like, sort of divergent ideas about how tuberculosis worked in the medical establishment, such as it was, or, and, and like people who are patients or people who, you know, had had to be or something whether inside or outside of a rambling question, but I'm curious if that's something that you encountered. Yeah, so that's, yeah, so there were different. It was pretty there. Well, there are a number of different approaches. One focused on like sunlight and, and for sure. And the one covered here with the sanatorium was kind of the most prevalent. As far as I know, but there were also cases to not at this one so much, but, or, well, maybe at this one I wouldn't know as far as the records but. But another sanatoriums that I've noticed that people left. There was one that said like left for quack doctor. But so it's not clear exactly what that person left for what the treatment was, but they're also at that time patent medicines being being. That people would go to that that we're supposed to treat tuberculosis, which is still being referred to law of cases consumption, which is the old word for it. There's also even some cases of like doctors trying to treat tuberculosis with psychoanalysis, which is the thing that kind of got me on to the whole like psychoanalysis. Reading into some of that too, because they thought that that that would. There is a kind of a, they thought there was going to be a relationship between it. So they thought that that psychoanalysis would somehow that was supposed to talking was going to psychoanalysis assumes the talking is going to change your physical or your experiential or something so they thought that that was going to treat it. And I also was interested in that because it also the words for sanatorium nowadays tends to be associated more with asylums. Rather than tuberculosis. So that it wasn't was an interesting transition that I have never, I still don't actually have a full understanding of how that came to be. But yeah. So yeah, they're definitely other other things that people were doing. That's super interesting. Thank you for that. See if we've got more questions in the chat here. I don't see any popping up. I still can't question about sewer is very open ended but if you have anything you want to say about the sewer and material culture more generally he was very pleased with your emphasis on that. So, I think that would Could you read the question. Such as it is. Kent says I really like your emphasis on the everyday material culture I have a question concerning the sewer. So it feels pretty open to you, whatever you want to talk about. Okay. Yeah, so it was definitely I think, I think, I guess I'll raise some of the things that were interesting to me were kind of the idea. It kind of shaped also the space is like its own town. There's a lot of ways in that they were dealing with everything on site. And this was also indicative of kind of the larger relationship between the surrounding communities. And and how that formed. I think that is is kind of been also thinking about the body. It also they were using metaphors of the body to describe the landscape in a way that related to health. So, there was kind of this reflection of the human body in the landscape that was supposed to then reflect back on the human body, which is kind of an interesting metaphor and kind of logic in there. But, yeah. Yeah. It's kind of the thing that there have been some studies of sewer pipes, there is a one in York, I think, by Connolly. And, or well, he kind of talks about sanitation, I don't know if he talks about sewer pipes specifically, but also looking at kind of the way that people in slums got moved to a different area of the city. But I think also just trying to think of from some of these artifact types that we tend to look beyond even though it's the most. It's the thing that actually sticks out most in the results of the study in the geophysics so the pipes are the thing that I can see the best. But I was trying to look for something else but even if I looked for something else I'd be looking for something else in order to ask if, like I can't, I could look at the landscaping. Other other things I could look at I would still have to confirm with excavation. So, it seemed like I was making the results into something that weren't wasn't actually what I was seeing. And there were results there were clearly things there. It just wasn't necessarily the thing that I wanted, but it actually does actually get a lot of information about the site and social context. That's that's a really cool perspective I very much appreciating that I mean it's it's fun to see how sort of how such an unexpected path can get you from like the as you say like the most glaring pieces of evidence but things that seem to be sort of, you know, too large to work at the human scale of of what you're interested in in terms of people's, you know, ideas about health and what what to do in this particular situation they're finding themselves in. But then turn out to be like actually very, very evocative of those those ideas. That's, I think that that that quote from the from word about the sewer systems. That was very, very striking. Let's see, nothing more in the chat. I think we've done our due diligence. Thank you so much for that was really fun. And, as I said, I'm very glad to get to see the whole life cycle here to use another human metaphor. Thank you. Thank you so much for all the questions. Thank you for.