Part 1 of Second Variety by Philip K. Dick. Reading by Greg Marguerite. Part 1 of Second Variety by Philip K. Dick. The claws were bad enough in the first place, nasty, crawling little death robots. But when they began to imitate their creators, it was time for the human race to make peace, if it could. The Russian soldier made his way nervously up the ragged side of the hill, holding his gun ready.  From time to time he reached up a gloved hand and wiped perspiration from his neck, pushing down his coat collar. Eric turned to corporal Leon. Want him, or can I have him? He adjusted the view sight so the Russian's features squarely filled the glass, the lines cutting across his hard somber features. Leon considered. The Russian was close, moving rapidly, almost running. Don't fire. Wait. Leon tensed. I don't think we're needed. The Russian increased his pace, kicking ash and piles of debris out of his way. He reached the top of the hill and stopped, panting, staring around him. The sky was overcast, drifting clouds of gray particles. Bear trunks of trees jutted up occasionally. The ground was level and bare, rubble-strewn, with ruins of buildings standing out here and there like yellowing skulls. The Russian was uneasy. He knew something was wrong. He started down the hill. Now he was only a few paces from the bunker. Eric was getting fidgety. He played with his pistol, glancing at Leon. Don't worry, Leon said. He won't get here. They'll take care of him.  They hang around close to the bunker. He's getting into the bad part. Get set. The Russian began to hurry, sliding down the hill, his boots sinking into the heaps of gray ash, trying to keep his gun up. He stopped for a moment, lifting his field glasses to his face. He's looking right at us, Eric said. The Russian came on. They could see his eyes like two blue stones. His mouth was open a little. He needed a shave. His chin was stumbled. On one bony cheek was a square of tape showing blue at the edges, a fungoid spot. His coat was muddy and torn. One glove was missing. As he ran, his belt counter bounced up and down against him. Leon touched Eric's arm. Here one comes. Across the ground something small and metallic came, flashing in the dull sunlight of midday. A metal sphere it raced up the hill after the Russian. Its treads flying. It was small, one of the baby ones. Its claws were out. Two razor projections spinning in a blur of white steel. The Russian heard it. He turned instantly firing. The sphere dissolved into particles, but already a second had emerged and was following the first. The Russian fired again. A third sphere leaped up the Russian's leg, clicking and wearing. It jumped to his shoulder. The spinning blades disappeared into the Russian's throat. Eric relaxed. Well, that's that.  Sometimes I think we were better off before. If we hadn't invented them they would have. Leon lit a cigarette shakily. I wonder why a Russian would come all this way. I didn't see anyone covering him. Lieutenant Scott came slipping up the tunnel into the bunker. What happened? Something entered the screen. An Ivan? Just one? Eric brought the view screen around. Scott peered into it. Now there were numerous metal spheres crawling over the prostrate body. Dull metal globes clicking and wearing, sawing up the Russian into small parts to be carried away. What a lot of claws! Scott murmured. They come like flies. Not much game for them anymore. Scott pushed the sight away disgusted. Like flies. I wonder why he was out there. They know we have claws all around. A larger robot had joined the smaller spheres. It was directing operations. A long blunt tube with projecting eyepieces. There was not much left of the soldier. What remained was being brought down the hillside by the host of claws. Sir, Leon said, if it's all right I'd like to go out there and take a look at him. Why? Maybe he came with something. Scott considered. He shrugged. All right, but be careful. I have my tab. Leon patted the metal band at his wrist. I'll be out of bounds. He picked up his rifle and stepped carefully up the mouth of the bunker, making his way between blocks of concrete and steel prongs twisted and bent. The air was cold at the top. He crossed over the ground toward the remains of the soldier, striding across the soft dash. A wind blew around him, swirling gray particles up in his face. He squinted and pushed on. The claws retreated as he came close, some of them stiffening into immobility. He touched his tab. The Ivan would have given something for that. Short, hard radiation emitted from the tab neutralized the claws, put them out of commission. Even the big robot with its two waving eye stalks retreated respectfully as he approached. He bent down over the remains of the soldier. The gloved hand was closed tightly. There was something in it. Leon pried the fingers apart. A sealed container, aluminum, still shiny. He put it in his pocket and made his way back to the bunker. Behind him the claws came back to life, moving into operation again. The procession resumed. Metal spheres moving through the gray ash with their loads. He could hear their tread scrabbling against the ground. He shuddered. Leon watched intently as he brought the shiny tube out of his pocket. He had that? In his hand, Leon unscrewed the top. Maybe you should look at it, sir. Scott took it. He emptied the contents out in the palm of his hand. A small piece of silk paper carefully folded. He sat down by the light and unfolded it. What's it say, sir? Eric said. Several officers came up the tunnel. Major Hendricks appeared. Major Scott said, Look at this. Hendricks read the slip. It's just come? A single runner, just now. Where is he? Hendricks asked sharply. The claws got him. Major Hendricks grunted. Here. He passed it to his companions. I think this is what we've been waiting for. They certainly took their time about it. So they want to talk terms, Scott said. Are we going along with them? That's not for us to decide, Hendricks sat down. Where's the communications officer? I want the moon base. Sir, Scott said to Hendricks. It's sure strange they suddenly came around. We've been using the claws for almost a year. Now all of a sudden they start to fold. Maybe claws have been getting down in their bunkers. One of the big ones, the kind with stalks, got into an Ivan bunker last week, Eric said. It got a whole platoon of them. I don't know. I don't know. The kind with stalks got into an Ivan bunker last week, Eric said. It got a whole platoon of them before they got their lids shut. How do you know? A buddy told me. The thing came back with… with… remains. Moon base, sir, the communications officer said. On the screen the face of the lunar monitor appeared. His crisp uniform contrasted to the uniforms in the bunker, and he was clean-shaven. Moon base. This is forward command L. Whistle on Terra. Let me have General Thompson. The monitor faded. Presently General Thompson's heavy features came into focus. What is it, Major? Our claws got a single Russian runner with a message. We don't know whether to act on it. There have been tricks like this in the past. What's the message? The Russians want us to send a single officer on policy level over to their lines for a conference. They don't state the nature of the conference. They say that matters of… He consulted the slip. Matters of grave urgency make it advisable that discussion be opened between a representative of the UN forces and themselves. He held the message up to the screen for the general to scan. Thompson's eyes moved. What should we do? Hendrick said. Send a man out. You don't think it's a trap? It might be, but the location they give for their forward command is correct. It's worth a try at any rate. I'll send an officer out and report the results to you as soon as he returns. All right, Major. Thompson broke the connection. The screen died. Up above the antenna came slowly down. Hendrick's rolled up the paper deep in thought. I'll go, Leon said. They want somebody at policy level. Hendrick's rubbed his jaw. Policy level? I haven't been outside in months. Maybe I could use a little air. Don't you think it's risky? Hendrick's lifted the view site and gazed into it. The remains of the Russian were gone. Only a single claw was in sight.  That's the only thing that bothers me. Hendrick's rubbed his wrist. I know I'm safe as long as I have this on me, but there's something about them.  I wish we'd never invented them. There's something wrong with them. Relentless little. If we hadn't invented them, the Ivins would have. Hendrick's pushed the site back. Anyhow, it seems to be winning the war. I guess that's good. Sounds like you're getting the same jitters as the Ivins. Hendrick's examined his wristwatch. I guess I better get started if I want to be there before dark. He took a deep breath and then stepped out onto the grey, rubbled ground. After a minute he lit a cigarette and stood gazing around him. The landscape was dead. Nothing stirred. He could see for miles, endless ash and slag, ruins of buildings, a few trees without leaves or branches, only the trunks. Above him the eternal rolling clouds of grey drifting between Terra and the sun. Major Hendrick's went on. Off to the right something scuttled, something round and metallic, a claw going lickety-split after something, probably after a small animal, a rat. They got rats, too, as sort of a sideline. He came to the top of Little Hill and lifted his field glasses. The Russian lines were a few miles ahead of him. They had a forward command post there. The runner had come from it. A squat robot with undulating arms passed by him, its arms weaving inquiringly. The robot went on its way, disappearing under some debris. Hendrick's watched it go. He had never seen that type before. There were getting to be more and more types he had never seen, new varieties and sizes coming up from the underground factories. Hendrick's put out his cigarette and hurried on. It was interesting the use of artificial forms in warfare. How had they got started? Necessity. The Soviet Union had gained great initial success, usual with the side that got the war going. Most of North America had been blasted off the map. Retaliation was quick in coming, of course. The sky was full of circling disc bombers long before the war began. They had been up there for years. The discs began sailing down all over Russia within hours after Washington got it. But that hadn't helped Washington. The American block governments moved to the moon base the first year. There was not much else to do. Europe was gone, a slag heap with dark weeds growing from the ashes and bones. Most of North America was useless. Nothing could be planted, no one could live. A few million people kept going up in Canada and down in South America, but during the second year Soviet parachutists began to drop. A few at first, then more and more. They wore the first really effective anti-radiation equipment. What was left of American production moved to the moon along with the governments. But all the troops, the remaining troops, stayed behind as best they could. A few thousand here, a platoon there. No one knew exactly where they were. They stayed where they could, moving around at night, hiding in ruins in sewers, cellars, with the rats and snakes. It looked as if the Soviet Union had the war almost won, except for a handful of projectiles fired off from the moon daily. There was almost no weapon in use against them. They came and went as they pleased. The war, for all practical purposes, was over. Nothing effective opposed them. And then the first claws appeared, and overnight the complexion of the war changed. The claws were awkward at first, slow. The Ivans knocked them off almost as fast as they crawled out of their underground tunnels. But then they got better, faster and more cunning. Factories on all terra turned them out, factories a long way underground behind the Soviet lines, factories that had once made atomic projectiles, now almost forgotten. The claws got faster and they got bigger. New types appeared, some with feelers, some that flew. There were a few jumping kinds. The best technicians on the moon were working on designs, making them more and more intricate, more flexible. They became uncanny. The Ivans were having a lot of trouble with them. Some of the little claws were learning to hide themselves, burrowing down into the ash, lying in wait. And then they started getting into the Russian bunkers, slipping down when the lids were raised for air and a look around. One claw inside a bunker, a churning sphere of blades and metal. That was enough. And when one got in, others followed. With a weapon like that, the war could not go on much longer. Maybe it was already over. Maybe he was going to hear the news. Maybe the Politburo had decided to throw in the sponge. Too bad it had taken so long. Six years. A long time for a war like that. The way they had waged it. The automatic retaliation discs spinning down all over Russia, hundreds of thousands of them. Bacteria crystals. The Soviet guided missiles whistling through the air. Machine bombs. And now this. The robots. The claws. The claws weren't like other weapons. They were alive, from any practical standpoint, whether the governments wanted to admit it or not. They were not machines. They were living things, spinning, creeping, shaking themselves up, suddenly from the gray ash and darting toward a man, climbing up him, rushing for his throat. And that was what they had been designed to do. Their job. They did their job well, especially lately, with the new designs coming up. Now they repaired themselves. They were on their own. Radiation tabs protected the UN troops, but if a man lost his tab, he was fair game for the claws, no matter what his uniform. Down below the surface, automatic machinery stamped them out. Human beings stayed a long way off. It was too risky. Nobody wanted to be around them. They were left to themselves, and they seemed to be doing all right. The new designs were faster, more complex, more efficient. Apparently they had won the war. Major Hendricks lit a second cigarette. The landscape depressed him. Nothing but ash and ruins. He seemed to be alone, the only living thing in the whole world. To the right of the ruins of a town rose up a few walls and heaps of debris. He tossed the dead match away, increasing his pace. Suddenly he stopped, jerking up his gun, his body tense. For a minute it looked like... From behind the shell of a ruined building a figure came, walking slowly toward him, walking hesitantly. Hendricks blinked. Stop. The boy stopped. Hendricks lowered his gun. The boy stood silently, looking at him. He was small, not very old, perhaps eight. But it was hard to tell. Most of the kids who remained were stunted. He wore a faded blue sweater, ragged with dirt and short pants. His hair was long and matted, brown hair. It hung over his face and around his ears. He held something in his arms. What's that you have? Hendricks said sharply. The boy held it out. It was a toy, a bear, a teddy bear. The boy's eyes were large, but without expression. Hendricks relaxed. I don't want it. Keep it. The boy hugged the bear again. Where do you live? Hendricks said. In there. The ruins? Yes. Underground? Yes. How many are there? How... how many? How many of you? How big's your settlement? The boy did not answer. Hendricks frowned. You're not all by yourself, are you? The boy nodded. How do you stay alive? There's food. What kind of food? Different. Hendricks studied him. How old are you? Thirteen. It wasn't possible, or was it? The boy was thin, stunted, and probably sterile. Radiation exposure. Years straight. No wonder he was so small. His arms and legs were like pipe cleaners, knobby, and thin. Hendricks touched the boy's arm. His skin was dry and rough. Radiation skin. He bent down, looking into the boy's face. There was no expression. Big eyes. Big and dark. Are you blind? Hendricks said. No, I can see some. How do you get away from the claws? The claws? The round things that run and burrow. I don't understand. Maybe there weren't any claws around. A lot of areas were free. They collected mostly around bunkers, where there were people. The claws had been designed to sense warmth. A sense of living things.  Well, which way are you going? Back there? Can I come with you? With me, Hendricks folded his arms. I'm going a long way. Miles, I have to hurry. He looked at his watch. I have to get there by nightfall. I want to come. Hendricks fumbled in his pack. It isn't worth it. Here. He tossed down the food cans he had with him. You take these and go back, OK? The boy said nothing. I'll be coming back this way in a day or so. If you're around here when I come back, you can come along with me, all right? I want to go with you now. It's a long walk. I can walk. Hendricks shifted uneasily. It made too good a target to people walking along, and the boy would slow him down. But he might not come back this way, and if the boy were really all alone... OK. Come along. The boy fell in beside him. Hendricks strode along. The boy walked silently, clutching his teddy bear. What's your name, Hendricks said after a time? David Edward Daring. David, what happened to your mother and father? They died. How? In the blast. How long ago? Six years. Hendricks slowed down. You've been alone six years? No, there were other people for a while. They went away. And you've been alone since? Yes. Hendricks glanced down. The boy was strange, saying very little, withdrawn, but that was the way they were, the children who had survived. Quiet, stoic. A strange kind of fatalism gripped them. Nothing came as a surprise. They accepted anything that came along. There was no longer any normal, any natural course of things, moral or physical, for them to expect. Custom, habit, all the determining forces of learning were gone. Only brute experience remained. Am I walking too fast? Hendricks said. No. How did you happen to see me? I was waiting. Waiting, Hendricks was puzzled. What were you waiting for? To catch things. What kind of things? Things to eat. Oh. Hendricks set his lips grimly. A thirteen-year-old boy living on rats and gophers and half-rotten canned food, down in a hole under the ruins of a town with radiation pools and claws and Russian dive mines up above, coasting around in the sky. Where are we going? David asked. To the Russian lines. Russian? The enemy, the people who started the war, they dropped the first radiation bombs. They began all this. The boy nodded. His face showed no expression. I'm an American, Hendricks said. There was no comment. On they went, the two of them.  About four in the afternoon they stopped to eat. Hendricks built a fire in a hollow between some slabs of concrete. He cleared the weeds away and heaped up bits of wood. The Russian's lines were not very far ahead. Around him was what had once been a long valley, acres of fruit trees and grapes. Nothing remained now, but a few bleak stumps and the mountains that stretched across the horizon at the far end. And the clouds of rolling ash that blew and drifted with the wind. Settling over the weeds and remains of buildings. Walls here and there, once in a while, what had been erode. Hendricks made coffee and heated up some boiled mutton and bread. Here. He handed bread and mutton to David. David squatted by the edge of the fire, his knees knobby and white. He examined the food and then passed it back, shaking his head. No. No. Don't you want any? No. Hendricks shrugged. Maybe the boy was a mutant, used to special food. It didn't matter. When he was hungry he would find something to eat. The boy was strange, but there were many strange changes coming over the world. Life was not the same anymore. It would never be the same again. The human race was going to have to realize that. Suit yourself, Hendricks said. He ate the bread and mutton by himself, washing it down with coffee. He ate slowly, finding the food hard to digest. When he was done, he got to his feet and stamped the fire out. David rose slowly, watching him with his young, old eyes. We're going, Hendricks said. All right. Hendricks walked along his gun and his arms. They were close. He was tense, ready for anything. The Russians should be expecting a runner and answer to their own runner. But they were tricky. There was always the possibility of a slip-up. He scanned the landscape around him. Nothing but slag and ash, a few hills, charred trees, concrete walls. But someplace ahead was the first bunker of the Russian lines, the forward command. Underground, buried deep with only a periscope showing a few gun muzzles, maybe an antenna. Will we be there soon? David asked. Yes, getting tired? No. Why then? David did not answer. He plotted carefully along behind, picking his way over the ash. His legs and shoes were gray with dust. His pinched face was streaked. Lines of gray ash in rivulets down the pale white of his skin. There was no color to his face, typical of the new children growing up in cellars and sewers and underground shelters. Hendricks slowed down. He lifted his field glasses and studied the ground ahead of him. Were they there someplace, waiting for him? Watching him the way his men had watched the Russian runner? A chill went up his back. Maybe they were getting their guns ready, preparing to fire, the way his men had prepared, made ready to kill. Hendricks stopped, wiping perspiration from his face. Damn, it made him uneasy. But he should be expected that the situation was different. He strode over the ash, holding his gun tightly with both hands. Behind him came David. Hendricks peered around, tight-lipped. Any second it might happen, a burst of white light, a blast carefully aimed from inside a deep concrete bunker. He raised his arm and waved it around in a circle. Nothing moved. To the right, a long ridge ran topped with dead tree trunks. A few wild vines had grown up around the trees, remains of arbors, and the eternal dark weeds. Hendricks studied the ridge. Was anything up there? Perfect place for a look-out. He approached the ridge warily, David coming silently behind. If it were his command, he'd have a sentry up there watching for troops trying to infiltrate into the command area. Of course, if it were his command, there would be the claws around the area for full protection. He stopped, feet apart, hands on his hips. Are we there? David said. Almost. Why have we stopped? I don't want to take any chances. Hendricks advanced slowly. Now the ridge lay directly beside him along his right, overlooking him. His uneasy feeling increased. If an Ivan were up there, he wouldn't have a chance. He waved his arm again. They should be expecting someone in the U.N. uniform in response to the note capsule, unless the whole thing was a trap. Keep up with me. He turned toward David. Don't drop behind. With you? Up beside me. We're close. We can't take any chances. Come on. I'll be all right. David remained behind him in the rear a few paces away, still clutching his teddy bear. David, your way. Hendricks raised his glasses again, suddenly tense. For a moment, had something moved? He scanned the ridge carefully. Everything was silent, dead. No life up there, only tree trunks and ash, maybe a few rats. The big black rats that had survived the claws, mutants, built their own shelters out of saliva and ash. Some kind of plaster. Adaptation. They started forward again. A tall figure came out on the ridge above him, cloak flapping, gray-green. A Russian. Behind him a second soldier appeared, another Russian. Both lifted their guns, aiming. Hendricks froze. He opened his mouth. The soldiers were kneeling, siting down the side of the slope. A third figure had joined them on the ridge top, a smaller figure in gray-green. A woman. And behind the other two. Hendricks found his voice. Stop! He waved up at them frantically. I'm—the two Russians fired. Behind Hendricks there was a faint pop. Waves of heat lapped against him, throwing him to the ground. Ash tore at his face, grinding into his eyes and nose. Choking, he pulled himself to his knees. It was all a trap. He was finished. He had come to be killed, like a steer. The soldiers and the woman were coming down the side of the ridge toward him, sliding down through the soft ash. Hendricks was numb. His head throbbed. Awkwardly he got his rifle up and took aim. It weighed a thousand tons. He could hardly hold it. His nose and cheeks stung.  Don't fire, the first Russian said, in heavily accented English. The three of them came up to him, surrounding him. Put down your rifle, yank, the other said. Hendricks was dazed. Everything had happened so fast. He had been caught, and they had blasted the boy. He turned his head. David was gone. What remained of him was strewn across the ground. The three Russians studied him curiously. Hendricks sat, wiping blood from his nose, picking out bits of ash. He shook his head, trying to clear it. Why did you do it? He murmured thickly. The boy! Why? One of the soldiers helped him roughly to his feet. He turned Hendricks around. Look! Hendricks closed his eyes. Look! The two Russians pulled him forward. See? Hurry up. There isn't much time to spare, yank. Hendricks looked and gasped. See now? Now do you understand? From the remains of David a metal wheel rolled. Relays, glinting metal, parts, wiring. One of the Russians kicked at the heap of remains. Parts popped out, rolling away. Wheels and springs and rods. A plastic section fell in, half charred. Hendricks bent shakily down.  He could make out the intricate brain, wires and relays, tiny tubes and switches. Thousands of minute studs. A robot, the soldier holding his arm, said. We watched it tagging you. Tagging me? That's their way. They tag along with you into the bunker. That's how they get in. Hendricks blinked. Dazed. But... Come on! They led him toward the ridge. We can't stay here. It isn't safe. There must be hundreds of them all around here. The three of them pulled him up the side of the ridge, sliding and slipping on the ash. The woman reached the top and stood, waiting for them. The forward command, Hendricks muttered. I came to negotiate with the Soviet. There is no more forward command. They got it. We'll explain. They reached the top of the ridge. We're all that's left. The three of us. The rest were down in the bunker. This way, down this way. The woman unscrewed a lid, a gray manhole cover set in the ground. Get in! Hendricks lowered himself. The two soldiers and the woman came behind him, following him down the ladder. The woman closed the lid after them, bolting it tightly into place. Good thing we saw you, one of the two soldiers grunted. It had tagged you about as far as it was going to. Give me one of your cigarettes, the woman said. I haven't had an American cigarette for weeks. Hendricks pushed the pack to her. She took a cigarette and passed the pack to the two soldiers. In the corner of the small room, a lamp gleamed fitfully. The room was low-ceiling, cramped. The four of them sat around a small wooden table. A few dirty dishes were stacked to one side. Behind a ragged curtain, a second room was partly visible. Hendricks saw the corner of a cot, some blankets, clothes hung on a hook. We were here, the soldier beside him said. He took off his helmet, pushing his blonde hair back. I'm Corporal Rudy Maxer, Polish. Impressed in the Soviet Army two years ago, he held out his hand. Hendricks hesitated and then shook. Major Joseph Hendricks. Klaus Epstein, the other soldier, shook with him. A small, dark man with thinning hair. Epstein plucked nervously at his ear. Austrian. Impressed. God knows when. I don't remember. The three of us were here, Rudy and I, with Tosso. He indicated the woman. That's how we escaped. All the rest were down in the bunker. And—and they got it? Epstein lit a cigarette. First just one of them, the kind that tagged you. Then it let others in. Hendricks became alert. The kind? Are there more than one kind? The little boy, David, David, holding his teddy bear, that's variety three. The most effective. What are the other types? Epstein reached into his coat. Here, he tossed a packet of photographs onto the table, tied with a string. Look for yourself. Hendricks untied the string. You see, Rudy Maxer said. That was why we wanted to talk terms. The Russians, I mean. We found out about a week ago. Found out that your claws were beginning to make up new designs on their own. New types of their own. Better types. Down in your underground factories, behind our lines. You let them stamp themselves, repair themselves, made them more and more intricate. It's your fault this happened. Hendricks examined the photos. They had been snapped terribly. They were blurred and indistinct. The first few showed David. David walking along a road by himself. David and another David. Three Davids. All exactly alike. Each with a ragged teddy bear.  Look at the others. Tasso said. The next pictures taken at a great distance showed a towering wounded soldier sitting by the side of a path. His arm in a sling. The stomp of one leg extended. A crude crutch on his lap. Then two wounded soldiers. Both the same. Standing side by side. That's variety one. The wounded soldier. Klaus reached out and took the pictures. You see, the claws were designed to get to human beings. To find them. Each kind was better than the last. They got farther, closer, past most of our defenses, into our lines. But as long as they were merely machines, metal, spheres with claws and horns, feelers, they could be picked off like any other object. They could be detected as lethal robots as soon as they were seen. Once we caught sight of them. Variety one subverted our whole north wing, Rudy said. It was a long time before anyone caught on. Then it was too late. They came in, wounded soldiers knocking and begging to be let in. So we let them in. And as soon as they were in, they took over. We were watching out for machines. At that time it was thought that there was only one type, Klaus Epstein said. No one suspected there were other types. The pictures weren't flashed to us. When the runner was sent to you, we knew of just one type. Variety one. The big wounded soldier. We thought that was all. Your line fell to Variety three, David and his bear. That worked even better. Klaus smiled bitterly. Soldiers are suckers for children. We brought them in and tried to feed them. We found out the hard way, what they were after. At least those who were in the bunker. The three of us were lucky, Rudy said. Klaus and I were visiting Tasso when it happened. This is her place. He waved a big hand around. This little cellar. We finished and climbed the ladder to start back. From the ridge we saw. There they were, all around the bunker. Fighting was still going on. David and his bear. Hundreds of them. Klaus took the pictures. Klaus tied up the photographs again. And it's going on all along your line? Hendrick said. Yes. How about our lines? Without thinking he touched the tab on his arm. Can they? They're not bothered by your radiation tabs. It makes no difference to them. Russian, American, Pole, German, it's all the same. They're doing what they were designed to do. Carrying out the original idea. They track down life wherever they find it. They go by warmth, Klaus said. That was the way you constructed them from the very start. Of course, those you designed were kept back by the radiation tabs you wear. Now they've gotten around that. These new varieties are lead lined. What's the other variety? Hendricks asked. The David type, the wounded soldier, what's the other? We don't know. Klaus pointed up at the wall. On the wall were two metal plates ragged at the edges. Hendricks got up and studied them. They were bent and dented. The one on the left came off a wounded soldier, Rudy said. We got one of them. It was going along toward our old bunker. We got it from the ridge the same way we got the David tagging you. The plate was stamped 1V. Hendricks touched the other plate. And this came from the David type? Yes. The plate was stamped 3V. Klaus took a look at them, leaning over Hendricks' broad shoulder. You can see what we're up against. There's another type. Maybe it was abandoned. Maybe it didn't work. But there must be a second variety. There's one and three. You were lucky, Rudy said. The David tagged you all the way here and never touched you. Probably thought you could get it into a bunker somewhere. One gets in and it's all over, Klaus said. They move fast. One lets all the rest inside. They're inflexible, machines with one purpose. They were built for only one thing. He rubbed sweat from his lip. We saw. They were silent. Let me have another cigarette, Yank. Tasso said. They're good. I almost forgot how they were. It was night. The sky was black. No stars were visible through the rolling clouds of ash. Klaus lifted the lid cautiously so that Hendricks could look out. Rudy pointed into the darkness. Over that way are the bunkers where we used to be. Not over half a mile from us. It was just chance Klaus and I were not there when it happened. Weakness saved by our lusts. All the rest must be dead, Klaus said in a low voice. It came quickly. This morning the Politburo reached their decision. They notified us. Forward command. Our runner was sent out at once. We saw him start toward the direction of your lines. We covered him until he was out of sight. Alex Redrissky. We both knew him. He disappeared about six o'clock. The sun had just come up. About noon Klaus and I had an hour relief. We crept off away from the bunkers. No one was watching. We came here. There used to be a town here, a few houses as a street. This cellar was part of a big farmhouse.  We had come here before. Others from the bunkers came here. Today happened to be our turn. So we were saved, Klaus said. Chance, it might have been others. We finished and then we came up to the surface and started back along the ridge. That was when we saw them, the Davids. We understood right away. We found photos of the first variety, the wounded soldier. Our commissar distributed them to us with an explanation. If we had gone another step they would have seen us. As it was, we had to blast two Davids before we got back. There were hundreds of them all around, like ants. We took pictures and slipped back here, bolting the lid tight. They're not so much when you catch them alone. We moved faster than they did, but they're inexorable. Like living things, they came right at us and we blasted them. Major Hendricks rested against the edge of the lid, adjusting his eyes to the darkness. Is it safe to have the lid up at all? If we're careful, how else can you operate your transmitter? Hendricks lifted the small belt transmitter slowly. He pressed it against his ear. The metal was cold and damp. He blew against the mic, raising up the short antenna.  That's true, I suppose. But still he hesitated. We'll pull you under if anything happens, Klaus said. Thanks. Hendricks waited a moment, resting the transmitter against his shoulder. Interesting, isn't it? What? This new type, the new varieties of claws, we're completely at their mercy, aren't we? By now they've probably gotten into the UN lines too. It makes me wonder if we're not seeing the beginning of a new species. THE new species. Evolution. The race to come after man. Rudy grunted. There is no race after man. No? Why not? Maybe we're seeing it now, the end of human beings, the beginning of the new society. They're not a race. They're mechanical killers. You made them to destroy. That's all they can do. They're machines with a job. So it seems now, but how about later on after the war is over? Maybe when there aren't any humans to destroy, their real potentialities will begin to show. You talk as if they were alive. Aren't they? There was silence. They're machines, Rudy said. They look like people, but they're machines. Use your transmitter, Major. Klaus said.  Holding the transmitter tightly, Hendrix called the code of the command bunker. He waited, listening. No response, only silence. He checked the leads carefully. Everything was in place. Scott, he said into the mic. Can you hear me? Silence. He raised the gain up full and tried again. Only static. I don't get anything. They may hear me, but they may not want to answer. Tell them it's an emergency. They'll think I'm being forced to call under your direction. He tried again, outlining briefly what he had learned, but still the phone was silent, except for the faint static. Radiation pools kill most transmissions, Klaus said after a while. Maybe that's it.  No use, no answer. Radiation pools? Maybe. They may hear me, but won't answer. Frankly, that's what I would do if a runner tried to call from the Soviet lines. They have no reason to believe such a story. They may hear everything I say. Or maybe it's too late. Hendrix nodded. We better get the lid down. Rudy said nervously, we don't want to take unnecessary chances. They climbed slowly back down the tunnel. Klaus bolted the lid carefully into place. They descended into the kitchen. The air was heavy and close around them. Could they work that fast? Hendrix said. I left the bunker this noon, ten hours ago. How could they move so quickly? It doesn't take them long. Not after the first one gets in. It goes wild. You know what the little Klaus can do. Even one of these is beyond belief. Razors, each finger, maniacal. All right. Hendrix moved away impatiently. He stood with his back to them. What's the matter, Rudy said? The moon base. God, if they've gotten there. The moon base? Hendrix turned around. They couldn't have got to the moon base. How would they get there? It is impossible. I can't believe it. What is this moon base? We've heard rumors, but nothing definite. What is the actual situation you seem concerned? We're supplied from the moon. The governments are there under the lunar surface. All our people and industries, that's what keeps us going if they should find some way of getting off Terra onto the moon. It only takes one of them. Once the first one gets in, it admits the others. Hundreds of them, all alike. You should have seen them identical, like ants. Perfect socialism, Tasso said. The ideal of the communist state. All citizens are interchangeable. Klaus grunted angrily. That's enough. Well, what next? Hendrix paced back and forth around the small room. The air was full of smells of food and perspiration. The others watched him. Presently Tasso pushed through the curtain into the other room. I'm going to take a nap. The curtain closed behind her. Rudy and Klaus sat down at the table, still watching Hendrix. It's up to you, Klaus said. We don't know your situation. Hendrix nodded. It's a problem. Rudy drank some coffee filling his cup from a rusty pot. We're safe here for a while, but we can't stay here forever. Not enough food or supplies. But if we go outside, they'll get us. Or probably they'll get us. We couldn't go very far. How far is your command bunker, Major? Three or four miles. We might make it. The four of us. Four of us could watch all sides. They couldn't slip up behind us and start tagging us. We have three rifles, three blast rifles. Tasso can have my pistol. Rudy tapped his belt. In the Soviet Army we didn't have shoes always, but we had guns. With all four of us armed, one of us might get to your command bunker. Preferably you, Major. What if they're already there? Klaus said. Rudy shrugged. Well, then we come back here. Hendrix stopped pacing. What do you think the chances are they're already in the American lines? Hard to say. Fairly good. They're organized. They know exactly what they're doing. Once they start, they go like a horde of locusts. They have to keep moving and fast. It's secrecy and speed they depend on. Surprise. They push their way in before anyone has any idea. I see. Hendrix murmured. From the other room Tasso stirred. Major? Hendrix pushed the curtain back. What? Tasso looked up at him lazily from the cot. Have you got any more American cigarettes left? Hendrix went into the room and sat down across from her on a wood stool. He felt his pockets. Now, all gone. Too bad. What nationality are you? Hendrix asked after a while. Russian, how did you get here? Here? This used to be France. This was part of Normandy. Did you come with the Soviet army? Why? Just curious. He studied her. She had taken off her coat, tossing it over the end of the cot. She was young, about twenty. Slim. Long hair stretched out over the pillow. She was staring at him silently, her eyes dark and large. What's on your mind? Tasso said. Nothing. How old are you? Eighteen. She continued to watch him unblinking her arms behind her head. She had on Russian army pants and shirt, gray, green, thick leather belt with counter and cartridges, medicine kit. You're in the Soviet army? No. Where did you get the uniform? She shrugged. It was given to me, she told him. How old were you when you came here? Sixteen. That's young. Her eyes narrowed. What do you mean? Hendrix rubbed his jaw. Your life would have been a lot different if there had been no war. Sixteen. You came here at sixteen to live this way? I had to survive. I'm not moralizing. Your life would have been different too, Tasso murmured. She reached down and unfastened one of her boots. She kicked the boot off onto the floor. Major, do you want to go in the other room? I'm sleepy. It's going to be a problem, the four of us here. It's going to be hard to live in these quarters. Are there just the two rooms? Yes. How big was the cellar originally? Was it larger than this? Are there other rooms filled up with debris? We might be able to open up one of them. Perhaps I really don't know. Tasso loosened her belt. She made herself comfortable on the cot, unbuttoning her shirt. You're sure you have no more cigarettes? I had only the one pack. Too bad. Maybe if we get back to your bunker we can find some. The other boot fell. Tasso reached up for the light cord. Good night. You're going to sleep? That's right. The room plunged into darkness. Hendricks got up and made his way past the curtain into the kitchen and stopped rigid. Rudy stood against the wall. His face was white and gleaming. His mouth opened and closed, but no sounds came.  Neither of them moved. Klaus, his hand tight around his gun, his features set. Rudy, pale and silent, spread eagle against the wall. What?  Be quiet, Major. Come over here. Your gun. Get it out. Hendricks drew his pistol. What is it? Cover him. Klaus motioned him forward. Beside me. Hurry up. Rudy moved a little, lowering his arms. He turned to Hendricks, licking his lips. The whites of his eyes shone wildly. Sweat dripped from his forehead down his cheeks. He fixed his gaze on Hendricks. Major, he's gone insane. Stop him. Rudy's voice was thin and hoarse, almost inaudible. What's going on? Hendricks demanded. Without lowering his pistol, Klaus answered. Major, remember our discussion, the three varieties. We knew about one and three, but we didn't know about two. At least we didn't know before. Klaus' fingers tightened around the gun butt. We didn't know before, but we know now. He pressed the trigger. A burst of white heat rolled out of the gun, licking around Rudy. Major, this is the second variety. End of Part 1 of Second Variety by Philip K. Dick. Part 2 of Second Variety by Philip K. Dick. This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. Reading by Greg Marguerite. Part 2 of Second Variety by Philip K. Dick. Tasso swept the curtain aside. Klaus, what did you do? Klaus turned from the charred form, gradually sinking down the wall onto the floor. The second variety, Tasso. Now we know we have all three types identified. The danger is less. I, Tasso, stared past him at the remains of Rudy, at the blackened, smoldering fragments and bits of cloth. You killed him. Him? It, you mean. I was watching. I had a feeling, but I wasn't sure. At least I wasn't sure before. But this evening I was certain.  We're lucky.  Another hour and it might— You were certain? Tasso pushed past him and bent down over the steaming remains on the floor. Her face became hard. Major, see for yourself. Bones, flesh. Hendricks bent down beside her. The remains were human remains. Seared flesh, charred bone fragments, part of a skull, ligaments, viscera, blood. Blood forming a pool against the wall. No wheels, Tasso said calmly. She straightened up. No wheels, no parts, no relays, not a claw, not the second variety. She folded her arms. You're going to have to be able to explain this. Klaus sat down at the table. All the color drained suddenly from his face. He put his head in his hands and rocked back and forth. Snap out of it. Tasso's fingers closed over his shoulder. Why did you do it? Why did you kill him? He was frightened, Hendricks said. All this, the whole thing building up around us. Maybe. What then? What do you think? I think he may have had a reason for killing Rudy. A good reason. What reason? Maybe Rudy learned something. Hendricks studied her bleak face. About what? he asked. About him. About Klaus. Klaus looked up quickly. You can see what she's trying to say. She thinks I'm the second variety. Don't you see, Major? Now she wants you to believe I killed him on purpose. Then I'm...  Tasso said. I told you. Klaus shook his head wearily. I thought he was a claw. I thought I knew. Why? I had been watching him. I was suspicious. Why? I thought I had seen something. Heard something. I thought I... He stopped. Go on. We were sitting at the table playing cards. You two were in the other room. It was silent. I thought I heard him were. There was silence. Do you believe that? Tasso said to Hendricks. Yes. I believe what he says. I don't. I think he killed Rudy for a good purpose. Tasso touched the rifle resting in the corner of the room. Major. No. Hendricks shook his head. Let's stop it right now. One is enough. We're afraid the way he was. If we kill him we'll be doing what he did to Rudy. Klaus looked gratefully up at him. Thanks. I was afraid. You understand, don't you? Now she's afraid the way I was.  No more killing. Hendricks moved toward the end of the ladder. I'm going above and try to transmit her once more. If I can't get them we're moving back toward my lines tomorrow morning. Klaus rose quickly.  The night air was cold. The earth was cooling off. Klaus took a deep breath filling his lungs. He and Hendricks stepped onto the ground out of the tunnel. Klaus planted his feet wide apart, the rifle up, watching and listening. Hendricks crouched by the tunnel mouth, tuning the small transmitter. Any luck? Klaus asked presently. Not yet. Keep trying. Tell them what happened. Hendricks kept trying. Without success. Finally he lowered the antenna. It's useless. They can't hear me or they hear me and won't answer or they don't exist. I'll try once more. Hendricks raised the antenna. Scott, can you hear me? Come in. He listened. There was only static. Then still very faintly. This is Scott. His fingers tightened. Scott, is it you? This is Scott. Klaus squatted down. Is it your command? Scott, listen, do you understand about them, the Klaus? Did you get my message? Did you hear me? Yes, faintly, almost inaudible. He could hardly make out the word. You got my message. Is everything all right at the bunker? None of them have got in. Everything is all right. Have they tried to get in? The voice was weaker. No. Hendricks turned to Klaus. They're all right. Have they been attacked? No. Hendricks pressed the phone tighter to his ear. Scott, I can hardly hear you. Have you notified the moon base? Do they know? Are they alerted? No answer. Scott, can you hear me? Silence. Hendricks relaxed, sagging. Faded out. Must be the radiation pools. Hendricks and Klaus looked at each other. Neither of them said anything. One at a time, Klaus said. Did it sound like any of your men? Could you identify the voice? It was too faint. You couldn't be certain? No. Then it could have been. I don't know. I'm not sure. Let's go back down and get the lid closed. They climbed back down the ladder slowly into the warm cellar. Klaus bolted the lid behind them. Tosso waited for them, her face expressionless. Any luck? She asked. Neither of them answered. Well, Klaus said at last. What do you think, Major? Was it your officer or was it one of them? I don't know. Then we're just where we were before. Hendricks stared down at the floor. His jaw said, We'll have to go, to be sure. Anyhow, we have food here for only a few weeks. We'd have to go up after that in any case. Apparently so. What's wrong, Tosso demanded? Did you get across to your bunker? What's the matter? It may have been one of my men, Hendricks said slowly. Or it may have been one of them. But we'll never know standing here. He examined his watch. Let's turn in and get some sleep. We want to be up early tomorrow. Early? Our best chance to get through the claws should be early in the morning, Hendricks said. The morning was crisp and clear. Major Hendricks studied the countryside through his field glasses. See anything? Clouse asked. No. Can you make out our bunkers? Which way? Here, Clouse took the glasses and adjusted them. I know where to look. He looked a long time, silently. Tosso came to the top of the tunnel and stepped up onto the ground. Anything? No. Clouse passed the glasses back to Hendricks. They're out of sight. Come on, let's not stay here. The three of them made their way down the side of the ridge, sliding in the soft ash. Across a flat rock, a lizard scuttled. They stopped instantly, rigid. What was it? Clouse muttered. A lizard. The lizard ran on, harrying through the ash. It was exactly the same color as the ash. Perfect adaptation, Clouse said. Proves we were right, Lysenko, I mean. They reached the bottom of the ridge and stopped, standing close together, looking around them. Let's go. Hendricks started off. It's a good long trip on foot. Clouse fell in beside him. Tosso walked behind. Her pistol held alertly. Major, I've been meaning to ask you something, Clouse said. How did you run across the David, the one that was tagging you? I met it along the way in some ruins. What did it say? Not much. It said it was alone, by itself. You couldn't tell. It was a machine. It talked like a living person. You never suspected? It didn't say much. I noticed nothing unusual. It's strange, machines so much like people that you can be fooled, almost alive. I wonder where it will end. They're doing what you yanks designed them to do, Tosso said. You designed them to hunt out life and destroy, human life, wherever they find it. Hendricks was watching Clouse intently. Why did you ask me? What's on your mind? Nothing, Clouse answered. Clouse thinks you're the second variety. Tosso said calmly from behind them. Now he's got his eye on you. Clouse flushed. Why not? We sent a runner to the yank lines and he comes back. Maybe he thought he'd find some good game here. Hendricks laughed harshly. I came from the UN bunkers. There were human beings all around me. Maybe you saw an opportunity to get into the Soviet lines. Maybe you saw your chance. Maybe you— The Soviet lines had already been taken over. Your lines had been invaded before I left my command bunker. Don't forget that. Tosso came up beside him. That proves nothing at all, Major. Why not? There appears to be little communication between the varieties. Each is made in a different factory. They don't seem to work together. You might have started for the Soviet lines without knowing anything about the work of the other varieties, or even what the other varieties were like. How do you know so much about the claws, Hendricks said? I've seen them. I've observed them. I've observed them take over the Soviet bunkers.  Actually, you saw very little. Strange that you should have been such an acute observer. Tosso laughed. Do you suspect me now? Forget it, Hendricks said. They walked on in silence. Are we going the whole way on foot? Tosso said after a while. I'm not used to walking. She gazed around at the plain of ash, stretching out on all sides of them as far as they could see. How dreary! It's like this all the way, Clouse said. In a way, I wish you had been in your bunker when the attack came. Somebody else would have been with you if not me, Clouse muttered. Tosso laughed, putting her hands in her pockets. I suppose so. They walked on, keeping their eyes on the vast plain of silent ash around them. The sun was setting. Hendricks made his way forward slowly, waving Tosso and Clouse back. Clouse squatted down, resting his gun-butt against the ground. Tosso found a concrete slab and sat down with a sigh. It's good to rest. Be quiet, Clouse said sharply. Hendricks pushed up to the top of the rise ahead of them, the same rise the Russian runner had come up the day before. Hendricks dropped down, stretching himself out, peering through his glasses at what lay beyond. Nothing was visible, only ash and occasional trees, but there, not more than fifty yards ahead, was the entrance of the forward command bunker, the bunker from which he had come. Hendricks watched silently, no motion, no sign of life, nothing stirred. Clouse slithered up beside him. Where is it? Down there. Hendricks passed him the glasses. Clouds of ash rolled across the evening sky. The world was darkening. They had a couple of hours of light left at the most, probably not that much. I don't see anything, Clouse said. That tree there, the stump, by the pile of bricks, the entrance is to the right of the bricks. I'll have to take your word for it. You and Tasso cover me from here. You'll be able to sight all the way to the bunker entrance. You're going down alone? With my wrist tab I'll be safe. The ground around the bunker is a living field of claws. They collect down in the ash, like crabs. Without tabs you wouldn't have a chance. Maybe you're right. I'll walk slowly all the way as soon as I know for certain. If they're down inside the bunker you won't be able to get back up here. They go fast. You don't realize. What do you suggest? Clouse considered. I don't know.  Hendricks brought his transmitter from his belt, raising the antenna. Let's get started. Clouse signaled to Tasso. She crawled expertly up the side of the rise to where they were sitting. He's going down alone, Clouse said. We'll cover him from here as soon as you see him start back, fire past him at once. They come quick. You're not very optimistic, Tasso said. No, I'm not. Hendricks opened the breach of his gun, checking it carefully. Maybe things are all right. You didn't see them. Hundreds of them, all the same, pouring out like ants. I should be able to find out without going down all the way. Hendricks locked his gun, gripping it in one hand, the transmitter in the other. Well, wish me luck. Clouse put out his hand. Don't go down until you're sure. Talk to them from up here. Make them show themselves. Hendricks stood up. He stepped down the side of the rise. A moment later he was walking slowly toward the pile of bricks and debris beside the dead tree stump, toward the entrance of the forward command bunker. Nothing stirred. He raised the transmitter, clicking it on. Scott, can you hear me? Silence. Scott, this is Hendricks. Can you hear me? I'm standing outside the bunker. You should be able to see me in the view site. He listened. The transmitter gripped tightly. No sound, only static. He walked forward. A claw burrowed out of the ash and raced toward him. It halted a few feet away and then slunk off. A second claw appeared, one of the big ones with feelers.  A moment later a second big claw joined in. Silently the claws trailed him as he walked slowly toward the bunker. Hendricks stopped, and behind him the claws came to a halt. He was close now, almost to the bunker steps. Scott, can you hear me? I'm standing right above you, outside on the surface. Are you picking me up? He waited, holding his gun against his side. The transmitter tightly to his ear. Time passed. He strained to hear, but there was only silence. Silence and faint static. Then, distantly, metallically. This is Scott. The voice was neutral, cold. He could not identify it, but the earphone was minute. Scott, listen, I'm standing right above you. I'm on the surface, looking down into the bunker entrance. Yes. Can you see me? Yes. Through the view-site you have the sight trained on me? Yes. Hendricks pondered. A circle of claws waited quietly around him. Gray metal bodies on all sides of him. Is everything all right in the bunker? Nothing unusual has happened? Everything is all right. Will you come up to the surface? I want to see you for a moment. Hendricks took a deep breath. Come up here with me. I want to talk to you. Come down. I'm giving you an order. Silence. Are you coming? Hendricks listened. There was no response. I order you to come to the surface. Come down. Hendricks said his jaw. Let me talk to Leon. There was a long pause. He listened to the static. Then a voice came hard, thin, metallic. The same as the other. This is Leon. Hendricks, I'm on the surface at the bunker entrance. I want one of you to come up here. Come down. Why come down? I'm giving you an order. Silence. Hendricks lowered the transmitter. He looked carefully around him. The entrance was just ahead, almost at his feet. He lowered the antenna and fastened the transmitter to his belt. Carefully, he gripped his gun with both hands. He moved forward a step at a time. If they could see him, they knew he was starting toward the entrance. He closed his eyes a moment. Then he put his foot on the first step that led downward. Two Davids came up at him, their faces identical and expressionless. He blasted them into particles. More came rushing silently up, a whole pack of them all exactly the same. Hendricks turned and raced back, away from the bunker, back toward the rise. At the top of the rise, Tasso and Klaus were firing down. The small claws were already streaking up toward them, shining metal spheres going fast, racing frantically through the ash. But he had no time to think about that. He knelt down, aiming at the bunker entrance, gun against his cheek. The Davids were coming out in groups, clutching their teddy bears, their thin, knobby legs pumping as they ran up the steps to the surface. Hendricks fired into the main body of them. They burst apart, wheels and springs flying in all directions. He fired again through the mist of particles. A giant, lumbering figure rose up in the bunker entrance, tall and swaying. Hendricks paused, amazed. A man, a soldier, with one leg supporting himself with a crutch. Major! Tasso's voice came. More firing. The huge figure moved forward, Davids swarming around it. Hendricks broke out of his freeze, the first variety, the wounded soldier. He aimed and fired. The soldier burst into bits, parts and relays flying. Now many Davids were out on the flat ground away from the bunker. He fired again and again, moving slowly back, half crouching and aiming. From the rise, Klaus fired down. The side of the rise was alive with claws making their way up. Hendricks retreated toward the rise, running and crouching. Tasso had left Klaus and was circling slowly to the right, moving away from the rise.  It bent over, suddenly opening its arms. Its teddy bear hurled down and leaped across the ground, bounding toward him. Hendricks fired. The bear and the David both dissolved. He grinned, blinking. It was like a dream. Up here! Tasso's voice. Hendricks made his way toward her. She was over by some columns of concrete, walls of a ruined building. She was firing past him with the hand-pistol Klaus had given her. Thanks! He joined her, grasping for breath. She pulled him back behind the concrete, fumbling at her belt. Close your eyes! She unfastened a globe from her waist. Rapidly she unscrewed the cap, locking it into place. Close your eyes and get down! She threw the bomb. It sailed in an arc, an expert, rolling and bouncing to the entrance of the bunker. Two wounded soldiers stood uncertainly by the brick pile. They poured from behind them out onto the plane. One of the wounded soldiers moved toward the bomb, stooping awkwardly down to pick it up. The bomb went off. The concussion whirled Hendricks around, throwing him on his face. A hot wind rolled over him. Dimly he saw Tasso standing behind the columns, firing slowly and methodically at the David's coming out of the raging clouds of white fire. Back along the rise Klaus struggled with a ring of claws circling around him. He retreated, blasting at them and moving back, trying to break through the ring. Hendricks struggled to his feet. His head ached. He could hardly see. Everything was licking at him, raging and whirling. His right arm would not move. Tasso pulled back toward him. Come on, let's go! Klaus, he's still up there. Come on! Tasso dragged Hendricks back away from the columns. Hendricks shook his head, trying to clear it. Tasso let him rapidly away, her eyes intense and bright, watching for claws that had escaped the blast. One David came out of the rolling clouds of flame. Tasso blasted it. No more appeared. But Klaus, what about him? Hendricks stopped, standing unsteadily. He—come on! They retreated, moving farther and farther away from the bunker. A few small claws followed them for a while, and then gave up, turning back and going off. At last Tasso stopped. We can stop here and get our breaths. Hendricks sat down on some heaps of debris. He wiped his neck, gasping. We left Klaus back there. Tasso said nothing. She opened her gun, sliding a fresh round of blast cartridges into place. Hendricks stared at her, dazed. You left him back there on purpose. Tasso snapped the gun together. She studied the heaps of rubble around them, her face expressionless as if she were watching for something. What is it? Hendricks demanded. What are you looking for? Is something coming? He shook his head, trying to understand. What was she doing? What was she waiting for? He could see nothing. Ash lay all around them. Ash and ruins. Occasional stark tree trunks without leaves or branches. What?  Be still. Her eyes narrowed. Suddenly her gun came up. Hendricks turned following her gaze. Back the way they had come, a figure appeared. The figure walked unsteadily toward them. Its clothes were torn. It limped as it made its way along, going very slowly and carefully. Stopping now and then, resting and getting its strength. Once it almost fell. It stood for a moment, trying to steady itself. Then it came on. Clouse. Hendricks stood up. Clouse. He started toward him.  Hendricks swung back. Cheap fired again, the blast passing him, a searing line of heat. The beam caught Clouse in the chest. He exploded, gears and wheels flying. For a moment he continued to walk, then he swayed back and forth. He crashed to the ground. His arms flung out. A few more wheels rolled away. Silence. Tasso turned to Hendricks. Now you understand why he killed Rudy. Hendricks sat down again slowly. He shook his head. He was numb. He could not think. Do you see? Tasso said.  Hendricks said nothing. Everything was slipping away from him faster and faster. Darkness rolling and plucking at him. He closed his eyes. Hendricks opened his eyes slowly. His body ached all over. He tried to sit up, but needles of pain shot through his arm and shoulder. He gasped. Don't try to get up, Tasso said. She bent down, putting her cold hand against his forehead. It was night. A few stars glinted above, shining through the drifting clouds of ash. Hendricks laid back. His teeth locked. Tasso watched him impassively. She had built a fire with some wood and weeds. The fire licked feebly, hissing at a metal cup suspended over it. Everything was silent, unmoving darkness beyond the fire. So he was the second variety. Hendricks murmured. I had always thought so. Why didn't you destroy him sooner? She wanted to know. You held me back. Tasso crossed to the fire to look into the metal cup. Coffee. It'll be ready to drink in a while. She came back and sat down beside him. Presently she opened her pistol and began to disassemble the firing mechanism, studying it intently. This is a beautiful gun, Tasso said, half-aloud. The construction is superb. What about them, the claws? The concussion from the bomb put most of them out of action. They're delicate, highly organized, I suppose. The Davids, too? Yes. How did you happen to have a bomb like that? Tasso shrugged. We designed it. You shouldn't underestimate our technology, Major.  Very useful. Tasso stretched out her legs, warming her feet in the heat of the fire. It surprised me that you did not seem to understand after he killed Rudy. Why did you think he— I told you, I thought he was afraid. Really?  I thought you might be protecting him. She laughed. Are we safe here? Hendricks asked presently. For a while, until they'd get reinforcements from some other area. Tasso began to clean the interior of the gun with a bit of rag. She finished and pushed the mechanism back into place. She closed the gun, running her fingers along the barrel. We were lucky, Hendricks murmured. Yes, very lucky. Thanks for pulling me away. Tasso did not answer. She glanced up at him, her eyes bright in the firelight. Hendricks examined his arm. He could not move his fingers. His whole side seemed numb. Down inside him was a dull, steady ache. How do you feel? Tasso asked. My arm is damaged. Anything else? Internal injuries. You didn't get down when the bomb went off. Hendricks said nothing. He watched Tasso pour the coffee from the cup into a flat metal pan. She brought it over to him. Thanks. He struggled up enough to drink. It was hard to swallow. His insides turned over and he pushed the pan away. That's all I could drink now. Tasso drank the rest. Time passed. The clouds of ash moved across the dark sky above them. Hendricks rested, his mind blank. After a while he became aware that Tasso was standing over him, gazing down at him. What is it, he murmured. Do you feel any better? Some.  You would be dead, like Rudy. I know. Do you want to know why I brought you out? I could have left you. I could have left you there. Why did you bring me out? Because we have to get away from here. Tasso stirred the fire with a stick, peering calmly down into it. No human being can live here. When their reinforcements come, we won't have a chance. I pondered about it while you were unconscious. We have perhaps three hours before they come. And you expect me to get us away? That's right. And I expect you to get us out of here. Why me? Because I don't know any way. Her eyes shone at him in the half-light, bright and steady. If you can't get us out of here, they'll kill us within three hours. I see nothing else ahead. Well, Major, what are you going to do? I've been waiting all night while you were unconscious. I sat here, waiting and listening. It's almost dawn. The night is almost over. Hendricks considered. It's curious, he said at last. Curious? That you should think I can get us out of here. I wonder what you think I can do. Can you get us to the moon base? The moon base? How? There must be some way. Hendricks shook his head. No, there's no way that I know of. Tasso said nothing. For a moment, her steady gaze wavered. She ducked her head, turning abruptly away. She scrambled to her feet. More coffee? No. Suit yourself. Tasso drank silently. He could not see her face. He lay back against the ground, deep in thought, trying to concentrate. It was hard to think. His head still hurt, and the numbing days still hung over him. There might be one way, he said suddenly. Oh? How soon is dawn? Two hours. The sun will be coming up shortly. There's supposed to be a ship near here. I've never seen it, but I know it exists. What kind of a ship? Her voice was sharp. A rocket cruiser. Will it take us off to the moon base? It's supposed to, in case of emergency, he rubbed his forehead. What's wrong? My head, it's hard to think. I can hardly, hardly concentrate. The bomb. Is the ship near here? Tasso slid over beside him, settling down on her haunches. How far is it? Where is it? I'm trying to think. Her fingers dug into his arm. Nearby? Her voice was like iron. Where would it be? Would they store it underground, hidden underground? Yes, in a storage locker. How do we find it? Is it marked? Is there a code marker to identify it? Hendricks concentrated. No, no markings, no code symbol. What then? A sign. What sort of a sign? Hendricks did not answer. In the flickering light his eyes were glazed, two sightless orbs. Tasso's fingers dug into his arm. What sort of a sign? What is it? I can't think. Let me rest. All right.  Hendricks lay back against the ground, his eyes closed. Tasso walked away from him, her hands in her pockets. She kicked a rock out of her way and stood staring up at the sky. The night blackness was already beginning to fade into gray. Morning was coming. Tasso gripped her pistol and walked around the fire in a circle, back and forth. On the ground Major Hendricks lay, his eyes closed, unmoving. The grayness rose in the sky, higher and higher. The landscape became visible, fields of ash stretching out in all directions. Ash and ruins of buildings, a wall here and there, heaps of concrete, the naked trunk of a tree. The air was cold and sharp. Somewhere a long way off a bird made a few bleak sounds. Hendricks stirred. He opened his eyes. Is it dawn already? Yes. Hendricks sat up a little. You wanted to know something you were asking me. Do you remember now? Yes. What is it? She tensed. What? She repeated sharply. A well, they ruined well. It's in a storage locker under a well. A well, Tasso relaxed. Then we'll find a well. She looked at her watch. We have about an hour, Major. Do you think we can find it in an hour? Give me a hand up, Hendricks said. Tasso put her pistol away and helped him to his feet. This is going to be difficult. Yes it is. Hendricks set his lips tightly. I don't think we're going to go very far. They began to walk. The early sun cast a little warmth down on them. The land was flat and barren, stretching out gray and lifeless as far as they could see. A few birds sailed silently far above them, circling slowly. See anything, Hendricks said. Any claws? No, not yet. They passed through some ruins, upright concrete and bricks, a cement foundation. Rats scuttled away. Tasso jumped back warily. This used to be a town, Hendricks said. A village, provincial village. This was all grape country once, where we are now. They came onto a ruined street, weeds and cracks criss-crossing it. Over to the right a stone chimney stuck up. Be careful, he warned her. A pit yawned an open basement. Ragged ends of pipes jutted up, twisted and bent. They passed part of a house, a bathtub turned on its side, a broken chair, a few spoons and bits of china dishes. In the center of the street the ground had sunk away. The depression was filled with weeds and debris and bones. Over here, Hendricks murmured. This way? To the right. They passed the remains of a heavy-duty tank. Hendricks' belt counter clicked ominously. The tank had been radiation-blasted. A few feet from the tank a mummified body lay sprawled out, mouth open. Beyond the road was flat field, stones and weeds and bits of broken glass. There, Hendricks said. A stone well jutted up, sagging and broken. A few boards lay across it. Most of the well had sunk into rubble. Hendricks walked unsteadily toward it. Taso beside him. Are you certain about this? Taso said. This doesn't look like anything. I'm sure. Hendricks sat down at the edge of the well. His teeth locked. His breath came quickly. He wiped perspiration from his face. This was arranged so the senior command officer could get away, if anything happened, if the bunker fell. That was you? Yes. Where's the ship? Is it here? We're standing on it. Hendricks ran his hands over the surface of the well stones. The eye lock responds to me, not to anybody else. It's my ship, or it was supposed to be. There was a sharp click. Presently they heard a low grating sound from below them. Step back, Hendricks said. He and Taso moved away from the well. A section of ground slid back. A metal frame pushed slowly up through the ash, shoving bricks and weeds out of the way. The action ceased as the ship nosed into view. There it is, Hendricks said. The ship was small. It rested quietly, suspended in its mesh frame like a blunt needle. A rain of ash sifted down into the dark cavity from which the ship had been raised. Hendricks made his way over to it. He mounted the mesh and unscrewed the hatch, pulling it back. Inside the ship the control banks and the pressure seat were visible. Taso came and stood beside him, gazing into the ship. I'm not accustomed to rocket piloting, she said after a while. Hendricks glanced at her. I'll do the piloting. Will you? There's only one seat, Major. I can see it's built to carry only a single person. Hendricks' breathing changed. He studied the interior of the ship intently. Taso was right. There was only one seat. The ship was built to carry only one person. I see, he said slowly. And the one person is you? She nodded. Of course. Why? You can't go. You might not live through the trip. You're injured. You probably wouldn't get there. An interesting point, but you see I know where the moon base is and you don't. You might fly around for months and not find it. It's well hidden without knowing what to look for. I'll have to take my chances. Maybe I won't find it, not by myself, but I think you'll give me all the information I need. Your life depends on it. How? If I find the moon base in time, perhaps I can get them to send a ship back to pick you up. If I find the base in time. If not, then you haven't a chance. I imagine there are supplies on the ship. They will last me long enough. Hendrix moved quickly, but his injured arm betrayed him. Tasso ducked, sliding lightly aside. Her hand came up lightning fast. Hendrix saw the gun butt coming. He tried to ward off the blow, but she was too fast.  Numbing pain rushed through him, pain and rolling clouds of blackness. He sank down, sliding to the ground. Dimly he was aware that Tasso was standing over him, kicking him with her toe. Major, wake up! He opened his eyes, groaning. Listen to me. She bent down. The gun pointed at his face. I have to hurry. There isn't much time left. The ship is ready to go. But you must tell me the information I need before I leave. Hendrix shook his head, trying to clear it. Hurry up! Where is the moon base? How do I find it? What do I look for? Hendrix said nothing. Answer me! Sorry. Major, the ship is looted with provisions. I can coast for weeks. I'll find the base eventually, and in half an hour you'll be dead. Your only chance of survival. She broke off. Along the slope by some crumbling ruin something moved, something in the ash. Tasso turned quickly, aiming. She fired. A puff of flame leaped. Something scuttled away, rolling across the ash. She fired again. The claw burst apart. Wheels flying. See, Tasso said. A scout. It won't be long. You'll bring them back here to get me? Yes, as soon as possible. Hendrix looked up at her. He studied her intently. You're telling the truth?  An avid hunger. You will come back for me? You'll get me to the moon base? I'll get you to the moon base. Tell me where it is. There's only a little time left. All right. Hendrix picked up a piece of rock, pulling himself to a sitting position. Watch. Hendrix began to scratch in the ash. Tasso stood by him, watching the motion of the rock. Hendrix was sketching a crude lunar map. This is the Apennine Range. Here's the crater of Archimedes. The moon base is beyond the end of the Apennine. About 200 miles. I don't know exactly where. No one on Tara knows. But when you're over the Apennine, signal with one red flare and a green flare, followed by two red flares in quick succession. The base monitor will record your signal. The base is under the surface, of course. They'll guide you down with magnetic grapples. And the controls? Can I operate them? The controls are virtually automatic. All you have to do is give the right signal at the right time. I will. The seat absorbs most of the takeoff shock. Air and temperature are automatically controlled. The ship will leave Tara and pass out into free space. It'll line itself up with the moon, falling into an orbit around it about a hundred miles above the surface. The orbit will carry you over the base. When you're in the region of the Apennine, release the signal rockets. Tasso slid into the ship and lowered herself into the pressure seat. The arm locks folded automatically around her. She fingered the controls. Too bad you're not going, Major. All this put here for you, and you can't make the trip. Leave me the pistol. Tasso pulled the pistol from her belt. She held it in her hand, weighing it thoughtfully. Don't go too far from this location. It'll be hard to find you as it is. No, I'll stay here by the well. Tasso gripped the takeoff switch, running her fingers over the smooth metal. A beautiful ship, Major. Well built. I admire your workmanship. You people have always done good work. You build fine things. Your work, your creations, are your greatest achievement. Give me the pistol. Hendricks said impatiently, holding out his hand. He struggled to his feet. Goodbye, Major. Tasso tossed the pistol past Hendricks. The pistol clattered against the ground, bouncing and rolling away. Hendricks hurried after it. He bent down, snatching it up. The hatch of the ship clanged shut. The bolts fell into place. Hendricks made his way back. The inner door was being sealed. He raised the pistol unsteadily. There was a shattering roar. The ship burst up from its metal cage, fusing the mesh behind it. Hendricks cringed, pulling back. The ship shot up into the rolling clouds of ash, disappearing into the sky. Hendricks stood watching a long time until even the streamer had dissipated. Nothing stirred. The morning air was chill and silent. He began to walk aimlessly back the way they had come. Better to keep moving around. It would be a long time before help came, if it came at all. He searched his pockets until he found a package of cigarettes. He lit one grimly. They had all wanted cigarettes from him, but cigarettes were scarce. A lizard slithered by him through the ash. He halted, rigid. The lizard disappeared. Above the sun rose higher in the sky. Some flies landed on a flat rock to one side of him. Hendricks kicked at them with his foot. It was getting hot. Sweat trickled down his face into his collar. His mouth was dry. Presently he stopped walking and sat down on some debris. He unfastened his medicine kit and swallowed a few narcotic capsules. He looked around him. Where was he? Something lay ahead, stretched out on the ground, silent and unmoving. Hendricks drew his gun quickly. It looked like a man. Then he remembered. It was the remains of Klaus, the second variety, where Tasso had blasted him. He could see wheels and relays and metal parts strewn around on the ash, glittering and sparkling in the sunlight. Hendricks got to his feet and walked over. He nudged the inert form with his foot, turning it over a little. He could see the metal hull, the aluminum ribs and struts. More wiring fell out, like viscera, heaps of wiring, switches and relays, endless motors and rods. He bent down. The brain cage had been smashed by the fall. The artificial brain was visible. He gazed at it. A maze of circuits, miniature tubes, wires as fine as hair. He touched the brain cage. It swung aside. The type plate was visible. Hendricks studied the plate and blanched. Four. Four. For a long time he stared at the plate. Fourth variety, not the second. They had been wrong. There were more types, not just three, many more, perhaps at least four. And Klaus wasn't the second variety. Suddenly he tensed. Something was coming, walking through the ash beyond the hill. What was it? He strained to see. Figures. Figures coming slowly along, making their way through the ash. Coming toward him. Hendricks crouched quickly, raising his gun. Sweat dripped down into his eyes. He fought down the rising panic as the figures neared. The first was David. The David saw him and increased its pace. The others hurried behind him. A second David, a third. Three David's all alike, coming toward him silently without expression, their thin legs rising and falling, clutching their teddy bears. He aimed and fired. The first two David's dissolved into particles. The third came on, and the figure behind it, climbing silently toward him across the gray ash. A wounded soldier, towering over the David. He signed the wounded soldier. Came two Tassos. Walking side by side, heavy belt, Russian army pants, shirt, long hair. The familiar figure as he had seen her only a little while before, sitting in the pressure seat of the ship. Two slim, silent figures, both identical. They were very near. The David bent down suddenly, dropping its teddy bear. The bear raced across the ground. Automatically Hendricks' fingers tightened around the trigger. The bear was gone, dissolved into mist. The two Tassos' types moved on, expressionless, walking side by side through the gray ash. When they were almost to him, Hendricks raised the pistol waist high and fired. The two Tassos dissolved, but already a new group was starting up the rise. Five were six Tassos, all identical, a line of them coming rapidly toward him. And he had given her the ship and the signal code. Because of him, she was on her way to the moon, to the moon base. He had made it possible. He had been right about the bomb after all. It had been designed with knowledge of the other types. The David type and the wounded soldier type and the Klaus type. Not designed by human beings. It had been designed by one of the underground factories, apart from all human contact. The line of Tassos came up to him. Hendricks braced himself, watching them calmly. The familiar face, the belt, the heavy shirt, the bomb carefully in place. The bomb. As the Tassos reached for him, a last ironic thought drifted through Hendricks' mind. He felt a little better thinking about it. The bomb made by the second variety to destroy the other varieties, made for that end alone. They were already beginning to design weapons to use against each other. End of Part Two of Second Variety End of Second Variety by Philip K. Dick


Welcome to the Sherrod BC how-to video series. This video covers managing your connections in Sherrod BC. Let's get started. One of the key features of Sherrod BC is the ability to connect with other educators from within your own school district, in your region, or anywhere in the province. Every time you log into Sherrod BC you should check and see who wants to connect with you. There are a couple of ways to do this. You can go to your notifications and see any connection requests or you can go to connections and the connections request pages. This will display the requests that you have received from other users. You can either accept or ignore each request. Any outstanding connection requests that you have made will show in the sent tab. Once you have actioned any new connection requests, why don't you go to the search connections page and see what new users have joined Sherrod BC that you might like to connect to. You can use the search and filter options to find educators that teach the same grade or curriculum area for example. When you find someone you wish to connect with, click the connect button. Thanks for watching and enjoy using Sherrod BC.


Welcome back to the channel. In today's video I'm going to show you how to continue creating your custom widget and things have changed since I last did that series. It's over here now and you'll see that we have this new favorite place holder in here where you can actually right click on a widget and then send it inside your favorites. But in my case, I want to send the techie press widget in here and then I can actually remove this other one because I don't use it. And with this quick access, I can actually just get this and drag and drop it every time I need it. That's not the purpose of this video. The purpose of this video is to actually show you how you can navigate correcting the errors that you get on your custom widgets. This is a thing that happened when we're transitioning from Elementor 2.8 into 2.9 and sometimes even to 3.0. So you're going to see some of these things because the way Elementor was coding its plugin has since changed. So they have deprecated some methods and they have actually moved them into new files and that's why we have this kind of issue. So I'm going to update this and then let's go and see how it would look on the front end. So I'll click view and you'll see that there is no issue here but on the back end it's showing up.  Now how do we fix this? I'm going to go back here and read the message. It says the underscore content underscore template method or function is the one that's deprecated and they tell us that we can use the Elementor slash controls underscore stack and then use the content underscore template method. What does that mean in ordinary terms? Sometimes you might find this hard to find but essentially because Elementor is written in object-oriented programming we have classes being called like this. So for example if I say use Elementor widget underscore base I mean go into the Elementor namespace then find me this widget underscore base class. When I click on this you will see that this is an abstract class. Similarly in this Elementor plugin we should be able to find the class that has this function which is content underscore template. We should be able to find it in the controls-stack.php file. I'm going to go inside here and we'll see that this is a protected function and if I go to the top of the file you'll see that we're in the Elementor namespace and the class is called controls underscore stack. So we are on the right track we found what we actually need to use. So I'll duplicate this and I'm going to change to be the controls underscore stack and that means we can actually now access the control-template method in here. So I'll save this I'm going to go back to my browser I'm going to reload this page and when I come back here you will see that we don't actually have this issue anymore and even if I go back and drag a new widget item we don't have that message displaying about having a deprecation. Now deprecations don't mean that the whole thing breaks but it's a nice way in which WordPress helps you to phase out as a plug-in developer and also communicate to your users and people who extend the add-ons that this thing is not available anymore please use the correct one. So we fixed this issue and that's what I wanted to show you in this video. In the next video we are going to be able to add our items that allow us to choose the menu that we want to use. So we should have a new item in here that allows us to choose the menu that we want to use. If you are interested in that then look out for the next video otherwise enjoy whatever you're coding.


This study estimates the global electricity consumption due to communication technology, CT, from 2010 to 2030. It considers three scenarios with varying levels of device sales, network traffic, and energy efficiency. The results show that the proportion of electricity used by consumer devices will decrease over time, while more energy will be consumed by networks and data centers. In the worst case scenario, CT could consume up to 51% of global electricity in 2030. Additionally, this study finds that CT could account for up to 23% of global greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 under the worst case scenario. This article was authored by Anders S.G. André and Thomas Edler.


OK. Welcome, welcome, everybody. Hi, I'm Daza Greenwood from MIT Media Lab and also executive director of law.mit.edu, which is the convener of today's workshop, the eighth annual MIT Computational Law Workshop. I just want to start by saying, having done these things since actually the late 90s at MIT on this topic of law and technology, I honestly believe this is the best program yet. And that's owed largely because of a breakthrough with widely accessible, generative artificial intelligence and its applications for law and its impact on law and legal processes. How could generative AI, tools like ChatGPTP, be used in a legal context? You could use this type of tool for a contract. Well, wait a second. What kind of contract? A first draft of a contract. Let's just start with a warning. That standard should probably be in parentheses, but it does not go without saying. And I think it does not go without emphasizing that this class of technology is not perfect. In fact, it's deeply flawed in some ways. It provides inaccurate and false information. And that has a risk of relying on it too much. And just using the first draft as the last draft, for example, it also could raise other legal, higher level policy issues with misinformation. It also has prejudices and biases that were brought in through the training set. So beware of those, propagating those, which can be deeply embedded within the results. And biases is particularly interesting in a legal context, which I'll come back to in a moment for fiduciary duties, but attorneys are one of those roles that owes fiduciary duties of loyalty to our clients. And that means putting the client's interests first to the extent that the training data includes prioritization of corporate interests or a consumer interest or some particular government or cultural kind of interest, which can seep in as part of the bias, that may or may not be the same as the client's interests that we need to put first. So becoming aware of and a savvy consumer of these outputs as an input to us doing our job is critical. Okay, standard. Oh, and the last thing I would just say on this is something that I'll put it right in the chat here because these are really words to live by. This is a quote from Sam Altman, who is the head of OpenAI that provides ChatGPT. ChatGPT is incredibly limited, but good enough at some things to create a misleading impression of greatness. It's a mistake to be relying on it for anything important for now. It's a preview of the progress. So part of why, so now having said that, the reason these warnings are important is because stuff is amazing. Oh, like I was saying at the start of the workshop, we've just experienced a sea change, like as a major threshold moment in terms of the capabilities that are now widely available and that have particularly good application for legal use cases. Can we get the next slide, please? What kind of applications? I mentioned contracts, only the first draft, statutes. If you've done the pre-reading, you will have seen my back and forth with ChatGPT on fiduciary duties. And it came up with what I've written a few federal statutes in the US in my time. And it came up with a very good, I would say, first draft of a statute for the particular context that I provided it. A complaint in a judicial context, deposition questions, a brief, basically anything for a first draft, but it's not just drafts of documents. And if lawyers were very frequently document paradigm oriented, there's also processes. And I think that the biggest ones might be with legal processes. So for example, legal triage is something that Suffolk University Law School has been doing where individuals can speak in plain language and the AI can figure out what the relevant context is, can surface the legal issues and then get people to the right person to help them. Consumer rights, we're gonna hear from Joshua Browder at the end of the session is doing remarkable things with interactive live real-time usage of this technology integrated into things like chat bots by companies, but his tool is representing the consumer interests, getting into a bot versus bot context there and so much more. Next slide, please. One of the really interesting things here that, and some of the, Megan and I have been working on a lot and you'll hear more about it in 2023 is the late, what you might call the latent knowledge or the capability overhang that happens when you take all of this text and all these, more than one corpus is a capora from all across humanity and you put it and you vectorize basically the words and the phrases and the concepts like in linear algebra. Interesting patterns emerge that we're here to for unknown and that could is a new source of knowledge and it can be used very productively in lots of commercial and academic and governmental and other use cases. There's so many possibilities. We've got some great speakers so I'm just gonna skip across this for now and let's go to the next slide. There's a lot on that last slide though we'll come back to you later this year. So legal engineering, meet prompt engineering. You know we love legal engineering at law.mit.edu and you can look at our media page to find some deep dives into what we think legal engineering is and why we think it's so important. Prompt engineering is a phrase you may have heard Megan just went into some of the details of it. We think that there's a subset of prompt engineering that is particularly useful in a legal context and when I talk about a legal context that really gets us back to a concept which also resonates in law from evidence which is relevance. And so one of the critical things to get great results from a prompt in a legal context is to design the prompt so that it provides the relevant context. So by way of an example and actually do you mind if I screen share for a second Brian?  Yeah, there you go, you got it. So here's just an example. So for deposition questions you could ask it, give me deposition questions and I put a link to this in the chat but if you tell it things like the purpose of the deposition the specific cases in the parties involved some of this other relevant context here in the context of a deposition it will give you much better ideas for questions that you could ask. Similarly, when I said a draft of a contract you could say give me a draft of a contract to buy a used car and you'll get back something that's pretty good but if you were to ask it I want a draft of a contract for a used car by individuals in the state of California and include the make and model, the purchase price there were any warranties, et cetera, et cetera include this simple plain language in the prompt then you will have composed the prompt in a certain sense legally engineered it to make sure that that relevant context is supported and reflected in the draft that you get and that'll make that draft all the more valuable. One of the things that I, the reason I posted this on our workshop GitHub repo is because when I was writing this and I was thinking what do I say to the workshop participants about what's relevant in these different contexts? One of the things I did which is a new go-to for me since a month and a half is I went to chat GPT to ask it what context would you need in a prompt in order to get the best contract? These were actually answers that I got from chat GPT saying the context for these different things and I'll tell you what, it was better than my draft like these are all twice as long as the examples that I had provided and they're all quite good. The last thing I'll say is that prompt engineering so mostly what I was just talking about was prompt construction or just prompt grammar and syntax and semantics in a way which is important. You could say that's kind of legal engineering we craft words. The deeper engineering here is it and we'll see with Jesse Han and the other people have been doing this is to be able to sort of integrate the prompts as part of a workflow that can be automated. So there's inputs at certain points. We get an output that becomes an input for another part of a process. We can actually engineer generative AI at certain points in a sequence of a workflow that's even deeper concept of prompt engineering. And then the deepest is something I've been calling prompt plumbing which is a much lower layer of the infrastructure. You can use approaches like Lang chain which does some really interesting it kind of takes summaries of the big blocks of text vectorizes it and carries the context forward. You can do things with much greater amounts of information than what happens just through an interface like chat GPT where you run out of tokens. We'll get much more into all that later in the year.