Good morning everyone. My name is Karina. I'm a researcher at IMAG-SMIT-VUB. SMIT stands for Studies in Media and Information Technologies. We are linked to the free University of Brussels and also IMAG. My background is in Social Sciences, meaning that I look to the connection between society and new digital technologies. I will introduce you to the Hack Air Project, which is already running since 2016 and which some of you will already know. The main objective of the project is enabling citizens or communities of citizens to easily set up air quality monitoring networks for measuring outdoor air pollution. We are also focusing on PM, PM2.5 or PM10. The main outcomes that we are envisioning with our project is first of all to have easier access to air quality information. As you know, the information now is quite dispersed or not easy understandable for a common citizen. The second outcome that we are envisioning is to set up a participatory sensing approach. This means actually that we believe in the power of citizens and that we distribute or support them with assembling low-cost sensors to measure outdoor air pollution. Although we know that they are of lower quality than official air quality measurement stations, we do believe that it is important to give them an indication to which we are exposed to in our daily life. And then the second the third outcome is to create awareness and behavior change. Behavior change on different levels, first of all, knowledge. We would like to distribute information about the daily air quality levels and then also how to take action yourself to contribute towards a cleaner air quality or to protect yourself against it. Then I also of course need to mention that this is a European funded project by the European Commission and that everything is provided as open source, both the hardware as the data that is collected. These are the partners that are involved in the project. We have a Greek coordinator called Draxis. They are also responsible for the technical development of the mobile app and the web platform. They are working closely together with CERT, which is responsible for data discovery integration. Then we have a very nice partner from the Netherlands on subject who is helping us with the dissemination exploitation. Then we have two official pilots right now, one in Germany, represented by Bund or Friends of the Earth. They have a very large network of citizens around 400,000 spread all over Germany who are going to be involved in the project. And the other pilot is in Norway, represented by NILU, that is the Norwegian Institute for Air Quality Investigations. They are also representing a network of asthma patients. Beside that, we have three affiliated organizations of which one, Kravis, is here, located in Brussels and his name is Dimitris and he will be coordinating the contacts here in Brussels to form a network around air quality measurements. This is seen as a test case, let's see. Then the concept of HackAir. As you can see in the picture, we have four different ways of collecting data around air quality. First of all, we have mobile images, which I will explain later on. Then we have three different open hardware sensors, low-tech measurement through a cardboard sensor. This is something for kids and youngsters. And then we have open air quality data sets. As you can see, the web platform and the mobile app are currently showing the data from Luftdaten but also from open air queue. So all these different data sources are coming together on one map. Currently, we are supporting three different low-cost sensors. We label them as a hacker mobile and a hacker home. A hacker home, we have two different types here. We are actually using the same PM sensor as Stuttgart is using or as you will assemble this afternoon. But we opted for two different microcontrollers as we were seeing that for non-technical-skilled citizens it was too difficult to assemble the Arduino-based sensor. That is why we opted for Wemos, that is less soldering and putting the pieces together in a more efficient way and it also costs less. Then the hacker mobile is actually targeted towards more expert users and professionals. It is a PSOC-based one. It costs around 50 euros. And that one is something that you can carry along in the city to measure your individual exposure real-time. It works via Bluetooth that sends the data through the mobile application. Then we have the cardboard sensor. So I said this is something for kids or for youngsters that they can do in school to have an indication about air quality. Therefore, you can use a drinks carton from which you cut out a piece five by five. You put some petroleum jelly on it and then you hang it outside for 24 hours. After that, you take a picture of it with a micro lens. So that's something that you need to buy. Then you take a picture of it with the mobile app of Hacker. The mobile app of Hacker has a special algorithm right now to give you an indication about air pollution by just taking an image of the sky or from that particular cardboard sensor. To take a picture of the sky, some conditions are necessary. You need to have a good deal of sky. It may not be too cloudy and not in the early morning or early evening. And then through that specific algorithm that measures light intensities, you will give an indication. Based on that indication, you know how good or how bad the air quality is. This is a screenshot of the web platform that we are currently having. On the right side, there are some filters related to open data. There you can find the data from Luftat and from open air queue. On the left-hand side, there is the index provided that comes from the European Environmental Agency. Related to that, we are also providing tips of the day and personalized recommendations. What you should do or not do when the air quality is bad. So, limited sporting, limited picnicking, for instance, or for asthma patients, we recommend to stay inside, for instance, when the air quality is bad. So then, related to the timeline, as I mentioned before, it's already started in 2016. In that year, we dedicated a lot of activities towards the co-creation of the actual tools. We organized multiple workshops to gather user wants and needs. Then in the second year, everything was developed and arranged together for the sensor parts. And now in the third year, we are engaging the actual communities. And the first week of February, everything was officially done, let's say. Some first results, since the first week of February, is that we see already now that we have 122 active sensors. This is mostly in Germany. The community there is quite interested in installing those sensors. And they also get pre-assembled ones from their organization. They can have the option. They can buy the pre-assembled one, or they can be involved in a workshop where they learned to do it themselves. We see that we have around 480 new user accounts and 465 downloads of the application. Right now, we are having 206 images of the sky that are being uploaded. An increase in engagement or impressions through social media. Now, to conclude what I wanted to focus upon in particular, and what is my activity, especially in the project, is related to engaging communities, because this is a question that is often posed. How do we involve citizens in citizen science, let's say. To start with that, I wanted to show you this framework from Hackley that describes four different levels of citizens' engagement that you can reach. Going from the level of crowdsourcing where citizens are just data collectors or sensors. Here we can actually give the example of Korean users. They are pure data collectors. Level two distributed intelligence. Here, citizens are also going to help in analyzing the data. An example here is, for instance, a galaxy zoo where they are also doing some validation with the pictures. And then we can say that Hackare is positioned in between level three and four. So they are, citizens are being engaged in data collection, data analysis, but also throughout multiple stages in the project. And hereby I'm referring to the co-creation of the solution and the evaluation of it. We do see, however, that citizens still need the help of a scientist to help them interpreting the data. So we are not there yet in terms of literacy skills. Then I also wanted to point out that related to the levels of difficulty, you need to take this into account when you are engaging citizens. So we actually are foreseeing a learning curve for citizens being engaged in the project. Going from a simple task to a more advanced task. Simple being you are submitting your air quality perception. How are you feeling the air today? Or uploading an image of the sky. Going from assembling the sensors. Our engagement strategy or also how we often call it is an engagement-related behavior change approach, as we believe, by being engaged in our project. We are also going to establish some behavior change as final outcome. Herefor we are relying on community-based social marketing and the 7E framework. And the 7E framework looks like this. We actually come up with several different types of behavioral change interventions. And we are using these different tactics to involve citizens in different ways, going from initial participation to continued participation. Three, I wanted to highlight this, for instance, encouraging citizens. This is pointing out to extrinsic motivations through gamification. So by participating in HACA, you are collecting points, you can earn batches. The more you contribute, the more points you gain. Although we see that this was not one of the favorite approaches of the users right now, it's still being involved as a hypothesis if it can lead to behavior change or not. Then, Enlighten. This is a very important one. This is about providing information. We must say that when citizens are involved in citizen science, you also have to give them some feedback about the data quality itself. In the app, for instance, right now, it's being done by a checkmark. If you take a picture of the sky and that has been taken into account by the data fusion algorithm, then you get the checkmark, let's say. And then exemplifying is, for instance, through storytelling. We are highlighting particular stories of users being involved in the project. And this is also something that we will do with the VRT here in Brussels. Then some last pictures to conclude. So on the website, you can also find different modules that you can download. If you would be interested yourself to organize a workshop around the sensors, there is a buying list available. There is tutorial material available and some feedback forms, so you can start independently organizing workshops. Actually, you don't need our help in this way. To show you the tutorial material, this was a workshop already organized in Norway with some students. And also, some videos have been recorded to help you assembling the sensors on your own. So that's it. If you would have any questions. Thank you for the presentation. My name is Damian Jacques. I have a question maybe for all the speakers. But when I saw your presentation, it made me think about it. It's about the spatial bias of variability of air pollution. So when you are measuring using home sensors, I guess that within the street you have a lot of variability. So my question is, yeah, maybe you have spatial bias when you are looking to two different streets when you will have a home sensor that will be at the top floor, for example, and one on the ground floor or in the middle of the street. So it wouldn't be more interesting to use only mobile sensors to have very accurate air pollution measurement. Yeah. Well, the first thing I maybe have to say then is that the exposure to air pollution is very context-specific, time-specific. So if you're about to install a sensor in the backyard, in the front yard, it might yield different results. Right now, we see a more interest in having the the Hacker home sensors as it is easier to install than the Hacker mobile sensors. So right there, I can't answer your question right now. If it wouldn't be better, if you would all have Hacker mobile sensors. Yeah.


Hi everyone, Joe for JaspysCaseBreaks.com coming at you with 2019, Panini Donneress Optic Baseball Fernando Teteis Jr. hunting here from a fresh case. Now you can win the Padres if you bought at least two teams, right? Buy an even number of teams, half of those become entries to chase the Padres and Fernando Teteis Jr. No vet commons ship, four box of 2019 right here. So big thanks to everyone here for getting into the action, appreciate it. So now let's alphabetize your names by first name. Right here and let's see who followed directions. Alec, two teams, one entry. Alex, two teams, one entry. Charles, two teams, one entry. Logan going big, eight teams, that's four entries. Mary Lou, two teams, an entry. Matt Sebelfield, two teams, an entry. Patrick Davis, two teams, an entry. Richard Miller, four teams, two entries. Steve Moser, two teams, one entry. And Wes Thomas, two teams, one entry. So that's a total of 14 on this list. Name on top, gets the Padres after nine times, five and a four. Good luck. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, and ninth and final time. After nine times, Logan, there you go, man. Five and a four, nine times, there you are, winner, winner. Let's get your name in there with the Padres. Let's sort this back by team alphabetically again. And let's print and rip. Oh, we have to rip open this fresh case too. Let's see which four boxes we're gonna do. There it is, there's 2019 box opportunities in here too. So let's just shave the top two boxes off of each stack. So now we've got stacks of four. One, two, three, four, five, six on the dice roll. We'll use that flamingo die right there. One, two, three, four, five, six. And it's two, one, two. So with the far left box right here, let's save these for next time. So this will be the next pick your team. All right, so we marked all those pick your teams. So next break we'll just grab four random boxes and we'll just go from there. Can I post the next one? I'll post it after this break if I haven't done so already. Oh, next one is already up. Okay, great. Good luck, everybody. Baseball season. It's gonna happen pretty soon. Major League Baseball to have an official and annual Lou Gehrig day on June 2nd. Jackie Bradley Jr. signed it with the brew crew. Got some players. We got LeCastro testing positive for COVID. Max Freed scratched due to a possible COVID exposure. Reds' Akiyama, Shogo Akiyama returns after wife's seriously injured. What happened there? A tree fell on her in a park in Ohio. Wow, that's wild. She was walking in Sharon Woods in Cincinnati and a tree fell on her. It's terrifying. Sounds like she's gonna be okay though. Oh, that's crazy. Box one. Good luck, everybody. We were just talking about Jackie Bradley Jr. and there he is, Michael Chavis, Rated Rookie Hollow. Michael Chavis will go to Boston. It's gonna go to Steve Moser with the racket and we'll see it for a second with the red socks. Thanks, everyone, for getting in. So we're in Boston. We were just talking a little Boston Celtics basketball before this break. Dave Barrow's pointing out that Boston has Langford, Jalen Brown, Taco Fall, Tristan Thompson, Kemba, Marcus Smart. They got the chips to make a move and maybe they will make a move, especially since Peyton Pritchard is doing pretty well. He is. There's Kyle Tucker to 50. I like that Eloy Jimenez too. Kyle Tucker going to Houston. That'll be for Charles. Last spot, Mojo. Eloy Jimenez will go to Richard and the White Sox. There's Jake Have, red, white, and blue to 150. For Minnesota, that'll be for Alec. And the autograph is gonna be Taylor Trammell. Trammell? I think it's Alan Trammell and Taylor Trammell is how he pronounces it. Rated prospect, autograph. Pink Velocity. And that is Red's edition, Oliver Soria. There you go, Oliver. There's Royce Lewis, rated prospect. Poor Royce Lewis. He did his ACL, I think. I don't know how, but he did it. Steven Duggar for the Giants, 99. My rivals, that'll be for Logan. Jonathan Loisiga and Brandon Lau. Here's a rated prospect, Alec Baum. Looks to be really strong. And Eloy Jimenez, rated rookie, autograph. Nice one, Richard. Part of that great young team they have out there, led by a very old Tony LaRusa, which I think will be interesting. A couple of Mookie Betts cards right there as well. Geno's saying they'd be insane. Boston, Celtics would be insane to trade Jalen Brown. It would be. But they gotta do something. Yeah, I think Stubblefield was mentioning earlier that I think maybe the misses, well, Kemba Walker, I'd still give them some chances, but I think the miss on Kyrie Irving, maybe some poor drafting. I feel like Danny Ainge has, there might need to be a change in that front office. They had so many draft, so much draft capital. And what happened with it? I mean, they acquired a lot of it. Everyone was like, oh, look at all these draft picks. They're gonna do something amazing with this. That amazing never really turned out, turned up. So I don't know. Oh, Dave Verrocing. You read that he had torn it a few days earlier before camp was about to break. Interesting. Is that drama? I was expecting big things from him this year. Right? Yeah, Eloy Jimenez in that lineup, he's gonna be doing just fine. You got Luis Robert. You got Jose Abreu in that lineup. You got Nick Madrigal in that lineup. Andrew Vaughn, I think, is in that lineup, too. I mean, let's look at this White Sox depth chart, which I think is gonna be pretty scary. Right, you got Yasmine Grandalt catcher, Jose Abreu, Nick Madrigal at second, Yohan Moncada or Danny Mendic at third, Tim Anderson at short, Eloy in the outfield, Luis Robert in the outfield, Adam Eaton, Andrew Vaughn, maybe DHing. That's an excellent team. Oh, Matthew Stubblefield thinking, maybe there's an Isaiah Thomas curse. It could be, yeah, that was a little rough how they handled that situation. Yeah, the Chagol White Sox, switching back to baseball really quick, I think it would be pretty scary. Yeah, I don't know, I don't understand why they got LaRusa instead of, I don't know, Gian would have been pretty fun. He's a pretty interesting quote. There's Michael Kopeck. It's another guy that could be in the mix this year, right? That's another White Sox autograph for Richard Miller. Peter Lanzo. Rated rookie card. Yeah, Ozzy Gian's a little insane, but he was a good, maybe too good of a quote sometimes. There's Rowdy Tellez for Wes and the Blue Jays. Is that a, is this might be the autograph hot box? Rhino Hearn, Rated Rookie Hollow, Chris Shaw, Pink Velocity to 199. Cedric Mullins, Rated Rookie 59 out of 99. Orioles, Logan, Rated Rookie, Vlad Guerrero Jr., Blue Jays, that's gonna be Wes Thomas. Chris Shaw to 199 once again for the Giants, Logan. Vlad Guerrero Jr., Wesley and the Blue Jays. Blue Jays, that could be a pretty interesting team. We got Vlad Guerrero Jr., Marcus Simeon, they got from the A's. Kevin Vigio, Boba Shed, Lourdes Gouriel Jr., George Springer, Teosca Hernandez, and Rowdy Tellez at D.H. That's a pretty good team too. Not bad pitching either. Hyunjin Rue, Youngster, Nate Pearson, Robbie Ray could have a nice bounce back. If he bounces back, that's gonna be a great player. There's Goldschmidt right there to 125. Tanner Roark, Steven Mott's at the back of that rotation. Not too shabby. Two boxes to go. Yeah, Logan saying, come on to Tease. Got two boxes to go. Let's look at the Padres depth chart going into this season.  They've got you, Darvish, Blake Snell at the top of that rotation. Denilson LeMent is still pretty solid. Chris Paddock and Joe Musgrove at the back of that rotation. It's pretty nice. I think Simeon will still play second base. Maybe that means Kevin Vigio maybe takes like a role player or super utility player kind of role. Austin Nola, Obigio to third. Where does Bichette go? Oh, Bichette's at short. No, I was looking at the chat. Padres, got Eric Hosmer at first. Cronenworth at second. Machado at third to Tease. That's an incredible infield to Tease at short. Fam Grisham and Will Meyers in the outfield. That should be a lot. Appreciate it. We'll go, we got 45 orders here. So we'll go through some orders in a bit and see what we've got lined up for Sean. Actually, you know what? I think I'm gonna do that flawless break and then have Sean go through the orders and we'll go through there, we can do that. So yeah, Padres are gonna be scary. Braves, I think Vlad Jr. should stay at first. I mean, I heard some Braves fans who are not happy that the Braves weren't really making moves, but getting Ozuna back re-signed is pretty good. I mean, you still have to realize that Okunya Jr., Christian Pache, and Ozzy Albies, even Danesby Swanson, they can get better. That's the thing, I was just like, the next steps that Ozzy Albies and Okunya take could be like a new signing in and of itself and that's scary to think about with how young they are. It's Garrett Hampson. Rocky Zotto, that's going to Patrick Davis. So I wouldn't be too concerned with that. I think bringing Ozuna back is awesome too. Patrick Davis with the Rockies. And they could always make some mid-season trades, the Braves can if they need to. There's Yadir Molina, he re-signed with the Cardinals, that's to 99. Darwin's on Hernandez to 76, the We The People insert, or a parallel. Right, Charlie Morton's on that squad now, Drew Smiley to go with Ian Anderson, Mike Soroka, Max Freed. There's Albert Ausole for the Cubbies, that's going to go to Alex. Yeah, NL East is tough though. I agree, Tristan, I don't think the Dodgers come back in that series if Mike Soroka was around. But yeah, I mean Braves are super close to just taking it to that next level. It's a good team. There's Aaron Judge to 50, All Stars. And the Cav and Visio rated Prospect Hollow for the Blue Jays, West Thomas. Last box coming up. That NL East is going to be tough. I think the NL East teams are going to be beating up on each other. Metz, yeah, Nick Bacello's a huge Metz fan. Disappointed that they didn't go for Charlie Morton instead of their rivals, the Braves. But still, Jacob DeGrom, Carlos Carrasco, Marcus Strowman, Taiwan Walker. I mean, that's pretty solid. That's a pretty great rotation. Cindergarde still in the mix once he's healthy, I guess. He's still, I like James McCann at catcher. You know, I think he calls a good ball game. Peter Lanzo's going to be great. Jeff McNeil could win an NL batting title. J.D. Daviesol, Francisco Lindora at shortstop. He's excellent. Got Dominic Smith, Brandon Nemo, Michael Conforto in the outfield, maybe a little Jonathan Velar action at D.H. I wonder if they, that ever comes back to the NL. So the Metz are definitely going for it. Strowman isn't too like New York now after opting out. Well, he better be well rested this year. Philly's team isn't too bad, Matthew. That NL East is going to be tough. They're going to be beating up on each other all year long. I mean, they got to get a little more starting pitching outside of Aaron Nola and then Zach Wheeler, Zach Ethel and Matt Moore, Chase Anderson, that's not scaring anybody. But J.T. Reel Muto, they re-signed. That was big. Reese Hoskins can still bang them into the seats. Gene Segura is solid. Alec Baum almost won a rookie of the year. D.D. Grigoria is solid. You know, Andrew McCutcheon, great veteran player out. Roman Quinn is all right. And Bryce Harper kind of gets back to, Bryce Harper a decent year last year, but he can just, he can go off at any time too. Yeah, their starting pitching is not going to help them though. All right, Jose Barrios reveals a Brandon Belt, 18 out of 99, Optic Autographs. That goes to my rivals, the Giants, Logan. 18 out of 99. Caleb Ferguson raided rookie hollow for the Dodgers. Alexander Bogarts, 275. I think didn't Arietta sign a one year for the Cubs, yeah, Sevillefield saying he's back with the Cubbies. There's Francisco Lindore, still Cleveland addition to 50. There's Jeff McNeil. Blake Snell to 50, still Tampa Bay addition. So let's round out the, so who's the other, oh, the Miami Marlins are the last team in that division, but they were kind of surprising. They've got like a young, hungry team, right? They got Garrett Cooper, Starling Marte, Adam DuVal can still slug it, Corey Dick, Brian Anderson, they got a lot of youngsters too. Eson Diaz, Jazz Chisholm, you know, so they've got some guys that can surprise some people. And our Justice Sheffield is your other autograph? Poor Seattle, that's going to go to Mary Lou. They've got Sixto Sanchez in that rotation. He's an emerging star. So they could, they could, they could, I don't know, at least make it, I think they're fun to watch. They got a lot of youngsters that they're going to play. They're going to be fun to watch. Here's an autograph hot box, by the way. Euse-Nail Diaz, there you go. For Baltimore, that's going to go to Logan. So yeah, so I think they're going to be a fun team.  So I think that makes them pretty competitive. So Sean Reed Foley, so I think that's going to be a pretty tough division, the NL East. There's Aaron Judge. And we got Ennio de los Santos. Here's our final autograph of the break for the Philadelphia Phillies, Logan with the Phillies. All right, nothing crazy for you, Logan, Padres wise, but I appreciate you getting, I appreciate everybody getting into the action. This was four box, pick your team number one. The next picker team is in the store. So go and check it out. Remember to buy at least two teams, just buy an even number of teams and half of those become entries for a chance at the Padres. So we're still chasing Fernando Teteis Jr. I'm Joe for jazby's casebreaks.com. Thanks for watching. I'll see you next time for the next break.


Hi everybody, happy Thursday. I'm Joe for jasby's casebreaks.com with the 2020 Panini Prism Football Hanger Box Edition, random team break number two. And this is the last filler we got to do to unlock that 2014 Spectra football break. Now originally we were giving away nine spots and we were trying to sell some spots straight up but that didn't really work out. One person did buy a spot. So we ended up with eight spots left straight up. So what we're doing is we're just giving away the final eight spots and then that ninth spot that we were originally supposed to give away will just be $130 a break credit which is the cost of that Spectra football spot. So we're only giving away eight in this particular one. Now there's three different dice rolls that's gonna happen here. The first dice roll, we're gonna give away five spots. So we pulled five spots out and then we're gonna randomize those five spots to people who bought spots. The second dice roll will be for the names and teams and then we'll do the box break itself. And then the third and final dice roll will be for the giveaway part. So let's do the first dice roll. Thanks everyone here for getting in on this. You got a chance and an extra spot. And if you win an extra spot, that's a chance. Extra chance at another chance, a lot of chances. Three and a three, six of the hard way. One, two, three, four, five and six. So after six, it's top five after six. Now for the rest of you, don't worry. You're still a part of the break, you can still win those spectra football spots. But top five, you're happy, you got some extra odds. Corey, Carlos, Martin, Jonah and Nicholas Wheat. So put a little rooftop next to your name so you know you won that spot in this giveaway part. All right, now the second dice roll will be for names and teams because we're gonna do the break itself now. All 32 teams are in, good luck with this one. This one's gonna be two and a two for the hard way this time. One, two, three and four. Two and a two, four times four, the 32 teams. One, two, three and four. After four, we got the Lions down to the Jaguars. All right, no trade windows in these filler breaks, but here's the first half of the list right here. And there's the second half of the list over here. Let's sort alphabetically by team and let's just print and rip. The red ice are the exclusives in this hanger box. Wow, touchdown Patriots. Nelson Aguilor. Here's the final print out. Last spot mojo star next to Tony's name. Let's see what we got in here. You can see the red ice on the bottom here. These are just veteran commons. Here we have behind the red ice exclusives, Pittman Junior, Anthony McFarlane Junior, a couple juniors and behind Harold Landry, red ice, Gardner Mintchew, Melvin Ingram. Any rookies here? Jared Goff and a rookie. Oh, Michael Pittman Junior, there you go. That's for the Colts. That's gonna go to Brian. Brian Kay and the Colts, not too shabby. Michael Pittman Junior, all right. Now, who's gonna win those spots? Let's grab everybody's names from Matt all the way down to Carlos. Third and final dice roll, new list. Now this is the main point of this break. Top eight will get spectra spots. The ninth spot will get the value of the spectra spot. So top nine will get something after 10. Five and a five, 10 the hard way. So we had six the hard way, four the hard way and 10 the hard way from playing those middle numbers. You've been doing pretty well. Five and a five, let's go. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, and 10th and final time after 10. So from 10 on down, it's sad times. Very close Carlos, no cigar though, thank you though. Spot nine, you can get the value of the spectra spot. Check your email for the break credit. That'll be for Nicholas Wheat. And the top eight, you're in the break. Jonah, Corey, Nicholas Wheat, Chad, Nathan, Julian, Nicholas, and Julian. So congrats to the top eight. You're in that next break. It'll come up in a separate video right after this. Jaspyscasebreaks.com, bye-bye.


Alright, Mr. Gibson here with your next lesson in cryptography, and today we are going to be focusing on operations that we can perform with binary numbers. So the first one we're going to look at is binary addition. So it's just adding the same two numbers that we always know how to do, but we need a different algorithm to do that with binary as opposed to the one that we're used to doing with decimal numbers. So we're going to look at the characters capital T and capital G, and there's their 8-bit ASCII representation, but T and ASCII corresponds to the number 84 or in binary 01010100. And G corresponds to the decimal number 71, which is also 0100111 in decimal. And our goal is to add these two numbers. We should know, just by knowing that 84 plus 71 is 155, what our final answer should be, but what we're looking to do is determine how can we compute that using only the binary representations. And to do that, let's just refresh real quickly the algorithm we'd used for decimal representations. This is going way back to elementary school here, but we're adding two-digit numbers together. So we kind of had this algorithm that you probably learned where you stack those decimal numbers vertically on top of each other. You'll start with the ones position, and you'll add the four and the one to get a value of five. And then we move on to the tens position. We'll do the eight plus the seven to get a 15, and the way that we write that is we write the five down below, and then we carry the one, meaning we're going to add a value of one to the next position. And then we'll sum the digits in the hundred spot. Now the one that we carried happens to be the only digit in the hundreds position in all of these numbers. So when we sum that column, we also get a value of one. And there's our final result of 155. Now it turns out we can reuse this algorithm very similarly with binary numbers. Just remember that we only have the values zero and one to work with. So here's the same two numbers represented in binary. Again, we're going to start in the lowest position, the ones position, and we'll sum the values in that column, so zero and one sum to one. And we'll move to the next position to our twos position, zero and one also sum to one. We'll move on to the next position, the four's position, one plus one is going to give us a total of two, which we represent as one zero. So we're going to write the zero down below, and the one we're going to carry over to the next position. In binary we call that kind of an overflow into the next position, so kind of a computer science specific term for that carrying of the one. So we'll move to the next column, which is our, let's see, eighth position, and we've got one plus zero plus zero is one. And we move on to the sixteens and so on. So as we move down column by column, we can sum up each position, carrying the one when we need to, until we've moved through all eight bits. And we get to the final result of one zero zero one one zero one one, which yes is one fifty five in decimal. So that algorithm that we're used to using for our decimal representations works just as well in binary and we get the same result. The only thing about when we're working with ASCII characters is that when we sum two things together, there's no guarantee that the result is actually going to represent a visual character or even a character at all, or that the result of the summing two eight bit numbers is also going to be an eight bit number. If those two numbers were sufficiently large and we summed them, the result might be a nine bit number. So plain old addition when we're working with ciphers will not be used very often because of that fact. We want predictability when we sum two eight bit numbers, we usually want that to be an eight bit number so we can convert it back to a character. So this is another operation we'll look at in just a minute that guarantees that. First, let's take a real quick look at how we can do binary addition in Python or really just addition in general in Python. The first command here, the eighty four plus seventy one shouldn't be new to you. We know we can do arithmetic and decimal in Python. But here's how you can add those same two numbers with their different representations. So we've seen in an earlier lesson that we can prefix a binary number with zero B to indicate this is a binary number. So there's the exact same two binary numbers we just added by hand that are being calculated using Python. And that's not unique to binary. We can do the same thing with hex. So eighty four is the hexadecimal number five four. The seventy one is a hexadecimal number four seven and using the zero X prefix on each of those numbers we can add them together at the command line as well. You might not have to do this, but it's just interesting to see that Python has this built in natively. It'll always return the result of that calculation back to you as a decimal. So let's look at our second binary operation. This is known as the exclusive or operation also shortened down to just be X or XOR. And this is an operation where we can combine two binary numbers and we're always going to get the same number of bits as we started with. So these are two eight bit numbers. This algorithm will result another eight bit number every time. And the way this works, you'll see we have a new symbol here. It's a plus with a circle around it. That's the operator for the XOR operation. And we start the same way as we look in the column of the lowest position zero and one. And what we're going to look at is, are they the same or are they different? The XOR operation is going to return a one if these two values in the two numbers in that position are different. And they're going to return a zero if they're the same. So if we look in our one spot of these two eight bit numbers, we got a zero and one of the positions and a one and another. So those are different. So the exclusive or results with a one. The next position is also zero and one. So the result is a one. The third position here, our four spot has two ones. So those are the same. So those are going to return as a zero. Two zeros will also return a zero, a one and a zero, a one, and we can move down the line. And this operation results in a binary number that represents the decimal 19 or in binary 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1. Python can do this operation as well. It uses the carrot symbol, one that we typically might think of used is used for exponents. But remember in Python, exponents is star star. The carrot operator here actually does that binary X or operation behind the scenes, even if you feed it to decimal numbers. So you can see 84, carrot 71 returns 19, just like our by hand. You could give it the binary representations and it will still give you 19 as a result. And yep, even the hexadecimal representations, you can use that X or operator to get a result of 19. And those are the only two binary operations that we're going to need to be familiar with in this course. There are several others out there, but the X or is really going to be the big operation that we use for cryptography with binary representations of characters. So that's it for today. Thanks for watching. We'll catch you in the next one.


Property is such a lucrative investment and there's many reasons for that but one of the best reasons for me is the fact that you can leverage property. You don't have to have the full amount that you invest in property. You can actually invest in property with very little, if not none, of your own money. And the way you do that, I mean we've got the banks, the banks are very willing to lend money to property buyers, actually banks are in the business of lending. So they want to lend to investors and they want to lend to investors to buy property specifically because of the fact that it is such a safe investment. If you look at the historic growth of property, you wouldn't see any time where property has actually plummeted in value. Property is not only growing very well, it's growing very consistently and that is very important because if investment grows consistently, it means you can leverage it. That is an amazing reason for me to invest in property. Another reason is economic fundamentals behind property. I mean in economics class we learn about supply and demand and we are taught that the higher the demand, the more the price will be or the less the supply, the more the price will be. So let's think about that fundamentally. We also think about the population that is growing, not just in South Africa but in the world. So demand is increasing and then from a supply perspective, there's limited land on earth. There's limited supply, especially in the areas where people want to live. People are moving to the cities, a lot of people are investing in the cities and people want to live close to where they work and close to where the schools are. And there's limited supply of that where one can invest which also increases price. Taking that into consideration, I want to have an investment that makes me money. I want to have an investment that puts money in my pocket. A car takes money out of my pocket, where a property puts money into my pocket. And there's various ways you can do it by receiving rent from the property, you can do it by selling the property or you can do it by refinancing the property. All of those are ways that you can put money in your pocket through property as an investment.


The American Broadcasting Company presents Pat Novak for hire. I'm Pat Novak for hire. Down around the Embarcadero Everybody's clawing his neighbor for a quick buck and everybody knows it. So if you call your work something else, who are you fooling? I rent boats when that pays off and in between I do what I can to keep something on my hip besides the handkerchief You've been along with me a few days ago. You'd have known that I was ready for work A friend of mine called Ira had an inside tip on a hot horse in the third race at Bay Meadows I'd gone down there to see if I could promote the news in the currency It was a good idea except that my horse was still running in the third when they started the fourth All I had left of my bankroll was an empty feeling After checking through my pockets, I went out on a highway and started back to town. I Was still unlimbering my thumb when a long low roadster pulled up beside me It was a very expensive job including the driver He was just about old enough to vote and if she did and the candidates weren't blind. They'd have spent all their time on her corner If I'm my way, I'd sure like to be How do you know which way I'm going? The scenery is good wherever it's located The shy type You want me to stammer? No, but you could wait until we're introduced. We'll Novak clear the air any My name is Lydia Reynolds Novak Haven't I heard about you somewhere if you have you ought to change your friends?  You got three votes there. What I'm gonna win Well, if you're any of those maybe I could use you you look like you could afford it Oh, that's no problem if money's no problem. You weren't really worrying. What do you call fear? Never down. I can't it just Well, if you ever felt as if something were harboring over you and yet you didn't know what it was Could be a blackjack a second zombie Will you help me all I can do for nightmares ladies keep you up late more real than that believe me Those the money hiring me will cost you You'll do it. You could be a sort of of a bodyguard They'll get to fill in the pauses At least I won't have to worry about you keeping your mind on your word wait here. I have to make a phone call She walked away, and it was smooth and easy to watch like a bird gliding on a bit of wind But you got on a side. I began to think about the hire I Had heard a rich dame's doing crazy things, but this was crowding the record Nobody hires a watchman to stand off a bad dream I felt like a guy getting ready to fly with a pair of homemade wings It could be thrilling and what else? But what else began to develop right away a car pulled up near me with two men in it one of them got out a Big guy with a kind of a face you see in ads for men swimming trunks handsome and a little bacon He came over the car. He wanted to talk Got a match buddy. Yeah Yeah, thanks, buddy The nice car you got there Must have set you back three or four grand. It's only money. Yeah Would you say your name was if you're selling anything? I don't want it.  I don't want to learn No, well, I can try starting with what's this in my hand? So you're loaded so let's drive down the road and see what else I can learn you like remembering your name friends Head right into the city you do know where the city is don't you look sucker if you're out to roll me you grab the wrong goose Don't tell me you're broke try the second five dollar window dollar Bay matters You're broke in three grand worth of auto that makes about as much sense as stuttering Daniel Bryan So you bet on a three-legged horse. Let's break it up and forget it. We're coming into town I might as well write it out besides this ain't my crate I come to ride from a dame I was waiting for her when you started waving around the artillery you're telling me her name's Lydia Reynolds Look drive up that alley before you get lost Your knucklehead. It's a dead-end street. That's all right. I'm here on you're riding on a clock when I came to it was raining Not much just a faint drizzle. It felt nice on the back of my neck and my hair These things came back into focus. I found out I was still behind the wheel I was leaning like a flower a week after the wedding My head felt big enough for a size 30 hat. I could count every pulse beating aches Didn't get any better when someone started shaking me a big rough hand There's been a goldmine for a rug cleaning outfit. I Turned my head enough to see a flock of best buttons bulging over a belt come on over back the shows of turkey I'll go away home and this ain't an apple car eggs. No good. No back. You'll never make Broadway.  I need to find it fast I figured a good place to start was to look up Lydia Reynolds. I'd taken her address out the car It was a nice place a cozy 16 or so rooms done in neat white marble Set back from the rabble in st. Francis woods behind enough lawn out there a golf course a Butler answered my ring an easy six feet of well-collected muscles He led me along a flock of Persian rugs. I ended up in a living room a little smaller than the young museum Lydia was over by a window She wasn't glad to see me. She wasn't mad either Just polite You have a pleasant drive. I'll settle for exciting.  What am I supposed to do with that? Is the question strange?  Yeah, I meant one of them I found the police about the car, but I'm glad you changed your mind Everybody helped including the friend of yours who helped me up made me drive away and then slugged me friend of mine He knew you're a tall handsome citizen with a loud voice and nasty manners. You're describing most of my friends That doesn't help at all. This one likes jokes. He planted a corpse in the back of the car You're joking Aren't you? I mean this really didn't happen.  Then what do you got? That's a good question, my dear. Maybe you want to think about it We were talking alone. You're forgetting your manners. Am I introduce us Lydia? Mr. Novak my uncle Charles Reynolds and then you'd better go up and rest. Don't you I want to talk to mr. Novak tomorrow would be better I'm sure mr. Novak will excuse me. I'll sit anywhere. It's not my ballgame Someday Excuse me Pat see a drink mr. Novak Make it straight for a change Perhaps I should tell you that I'm Lydia's legal guardian as well as a rungle the day is full of news Those fears of hers are really nothing just her imagination She's a very nervous high strong girl Did you notice I didn't notice you're trying to climb up the walls of course It's not that bad. Well, I'll admit her imagination gives me trouble now and then the job's tough with the pays good I'll look after my niece. I Hope it hasn't inconvenienced you any not so far. She hired me. I'll stick around till she fires me I'm afraid that's impossible. They used to say that about flying. I told you my niece is highly neurotic She's not responsible for her acts I'm willing to pay whatever you think so she's so far. I'll leave it that way till she hangs up a form You're wrong about that. My niece is not coming down again tonight. You might as well go. What if I check that with her? Yes, I do Are you leaving or will I have the butler show you out?  Yeah I'm beginning to wonder how The big butler showed me out a nice guy to have around if you go for screams in the night It was quiet and roomy outside A big peaceful sky with a moon like a washed out little piece of wind playing with the trees on the grounds Like some old ghosts whispering together.  He didn't have to push hard.  Yeah He was giving me that nervous talk about you Don't stay It's a job for the judge, baby All right for the judge And just stay and talk to me I don't know about that either Does it sound hard The last time we talked someone else finished the sentences with a blackjack I can make better memories than that While we're in the files, how come the guy who slugged me knew so much about you? His name's post they call him two spots Do I have to talk about him? I like lights when I'm ice skating Had to wait till morning Don't answer. Maybe they'll go away What do you mean coming here worried about your resting The doctor got out of here to heal leaving alone very well miss, but the gentleman is leaving And I thought maybe you'd like me to see you back to the house.  The joint's full of guys giving orders You want to walk out or stumble Make up my mind for me I was doing all right while I stayed away from him when he got in close the show ended and the band went home When I came to the bump on my head was match and aches with my jaw He won that one the hard way no mac are you the prize? What are you talking about that dead body over there? You must be out for the limit tonight. I helped me up He's a butler What happened to he backed into a knife. It's illegal, you know the town's full of knives Anybody could give it to him. I don't see any crowd around but you're here, ain't you? Where's the dame?  Yeah, yeah, of course. Where's the dame? There's something going on around here that i'm not in on you seem to know all the terms open up and i'm not fooling You got the story straight helman After I left you I came out here to see the dame lydia reynolds You're in here and the play was beginning to warm up with the butler knock and try to throw me out I took a swing and he swung harder you woke me up the girl must have done it Oh lydia reynolds, what do you think i'm talking about hilly lemar You might as well be bub this way it's your word against eight million bucks It got even worse when we went after lydia Her uncle blocked us away from the door with a doctor looking over his shoulder He said he followed the butler out to the guest house and caught lydia as she ran out He'd seen us fighting and started in to stop us when lydia painted Then helman showed up with a stolen car The reynolds talked to a very positive voice eight million bucks word It takes more than inspectors bads interrupt that kind of talk Helman took it all down in the little book Then he took me into the kerney street station and booked me on suspicion of two murders and a car heist He was happy and helpful He even sent out and got jaco madigan to come to see me A jaco was an ex-medico and a boozer but he was the best friend I had in town If sympathy was a crowbar I'd have been out of the place in 10 minutes Patsy my boy, I've never seen you look more at home.  I've come to offer my aid anything I can do for you. Patsy say it and it's done You can't help me jaco. Oh, don't tell me you really did it this time. No Then why are you worrying? Have you no faith in justice? You can put together a deaf judge and a bought jury you can How's bad is that? I'll go away jaco weave in your beer for me Oh, this isn't like you patsy. No bad I've called you everything in the way of being a disgraceful citizen But I've always admired one thing about you. You were a fighter. You've never quit fighting How do you fight eight million bucks and a perfect frame up eight million bucks? Oh, there isn't that much money. Try and sell it to lydia reynolds Is she the one who built the frame? No, it's even better than that. I don't know who did it or why Don't be mysterious patsy. I'm too worried to play word games Look jaco. I was coming to ride in from bay meadows lydia picked me up Then I was hijacked by a guy lydia said could be two spot posts Slugged and left with a dead body in lydia's car And I would have to see her about it. The butler cooled me when I came to he's dead The girl must have a hard time keeping friends. She wanted to hire me for a bodyguard She said she was being threatened, but she couldn't put her finger on it That shouldn't be so hard She starts out with eight million dollars worth of bait or anybody might try for that Kind of veil Who's this two-spot character anybody? I know nobody we can use. I think lydia dreamed him up Well, he might be worth looking up.  Oh, you haven't had my experience with the little man patsy So long lover I sat there after jaco left and tried to put together something I could use to tell my lawyer I was still thinking it over when the guard came along and opened up my cage When I got out to the desk the sergeant told me lydia had sprung me She phoned in and said I couldn't have done it. She also fixed bail I walked out of the place and started down toward pier 19, but I didn't get far A car pulled up. It was two spot and he still had his gun I was tired of arguing so I got in How do you like Los Angeles? I like that. I'd live there. It'll grow on you. What's a caper post you got a dream spread it out I got better than a dream no back. I got the best racket since Robin Hood including dead bodies They make you nervous. My racket's better than that. I don't need you losing up the act now. Who's nervous? I won't be long I'm gonna put you on a train for Los Angeles and give you a thousand bucks Stay down there till you spend it.  Oh, you know that guy, huh? Here's the station if you have any more questions ask information Remember no vac You're tired of breathe and just show your face around town again before new years if I do you'll be the first to know it He followed me into the station and on the train He stayed right by me until the thing started to pull out. Yeah, it was wonderful I had a thousand dollars the name of the guy behind the killings and a free ride to Palo Alto And I got off the train down there. I phoned helman.   I guess you think you found him. Am I calling for help? You wouldn't know what if you needed help the guy behind that you figure that spot Figure that out all by yourself. Lydia said it might fit him, but I needed proof. I got it. You haven't got the right time Yeah What's wrong with two spot having something on Lydia something that is quieter if he tried to kidnap grab Are you trying to tell me how two spot works? We've known the guy for years. He runs a bowling alley and makes a little horse book on the side Kidnapping isn't his style. Did you ever hear of styles changing? He has a $50,000 bowling alley the two spot in O'Farrell Street He's not going to risk that you're going to sit around on your fat hips and let Lydia be snatched while you check on the tax rate of a bowling alley I know who did it right boy. I just told you not unless he's put on a lot of weight. Who is it? You know everything no back. I wouldn't think it trying to steal you Did you know that the body in the car was a private detective? Yeah, so was the butler don't worry so much about things Who was it helman and have you announced up the act? We got the guy covered like a blank at the next false move He makes will be on his last and two spots on the town. I hear Palo Alto is a nice place Now you just stay down there and look it over.  That sounded like you said you were warning me I took a taxi back to san francisco and the price is easy if you have a thousand dollars We drove up to st. Francis woods Just as we were approaching the Reynolds Place. I saw Lydia walking along the sidewalk She was wrapped up in one of those long capes with her hood. She was walking in a hurry I caught up with her. She seemed glad but she didn't slow down Come on patty walk with me.  Don't you ever open up? I saw a man at least a shadow of men Hide in your corner of the guest house some more of those fears this man was real patty He was waiting for me out there I said they're closing in and they are You don't want my help but I do I need help desperately Why don't you give me something to work with all I get out of you is talk about goosebumps. I'm tired patty awfully tired What you need to drink Come on down town with me. We'll look up a friend of mine named jaco madigan. Can't we go to a bar? You don't know jaco We flagged a taxi and beat around town for a while I finally located jaco in a market street trap up near the civic center The place ran all the way through to the next street I didn't pay much attention with lydia headed for the back of the place The joint had that kind of lights that made a girl want to fix her makeup I was looking around for jaco and it was only by accident that I noticed lydia walked right past the powder room and out the rear door I started after her and I wondered why I should I figured if that was some more of her half talk. She could have it all herself I'd had enough for one day. I turned back to jaco Didn't walk to dead duck. I'm out of jail. So you're crying you're out of girl too. I saw you watching her leave She's the restless type. She dropped you like a leaf smart girl names lydia. But when I told you about she sprung me out of jail Oh, I take back the part about her being smart. I had two spot post bill for the part Helman says I'm crazy. He could be right.  All I had to go on with the fact that he was anxious to keep me out of town for two weeks That could mean something was on the fire. I forget he was doing the cooking You know patchy I'd like to talk to that lydia person. There's something fishy in the past I'd like to know what it is with eight million bucks. She could afford to be careless This is something special two spot ties into it somehow and then there's that uncle of hers Just naming them all put them in jail There's a lot of temptation when you have eight million to manage for a young girl Think of what you could do if it all became yours.  You just said they ran around together Could be that but what if it's something else? Is that all you're gonna work with? Don't be abrupt new bowling alley has a guy called sackhead as manager. Well good for him and goodbye Oh, wait a minute. Wait a minute sackhead used to be a pin boy in the old bowling alley When he was sober enough to stand up that is now he's manager. There must be a reason and that's better Let's go see sackhead When we reached the two spot alleys the place was almost deserted It was too late for the earnest bowlers and too early for the drunks And I asked the bartender for the manager who began to gulp air and turn white I knew I couldn't get anything from him. So I looked around the place till I saw the door marked office I started that way, but it was a short trip The bouncer dropped a cigar on the floor and cut across my path fast Where you going bud? I don't need any help. It's private. You can't go in there I just want to talk to sackhead look that up in your rule book. He don't want to talk He's out to lunch. Anyway, let me find out these things myself. Nobody goes in there understand Everybody's showing up stop signs tonight. I can't win all the time Let's get out of here jackal. It's all a hurry. I've got to finish my drink. Come on now Oh, not even one for the road Hold on. Oh back. It's bad for your heart. Oh, you're bad for me all over helman I thought I told you to stay in Palo Alto.  Yeah, another knife job. Somebody must think it's still Thanksgiving. Look patchy. I was shitting at the bottom Brad madigan Is going to make it tough on you know that not any tougher than that bouncer He saw me go in if you weren't so busy being a wise guy I tipped you off the two spot was a cold trail All right helman come out from behind that veil.  It's too bad. You two didn't wait a while to be born They're making a better grade of cement now your brain It adds up pretty good jaco The killings were only on circumstantial evidence. Lydia wouldn't get the chair They'd probably give her 20 years and uncle could keep up with the family funds. I'm going out now to pick up Reynolds I'd like to see if you try and come along Well, who's it be jaco a champagne hypo Look just because I'm buying guess who I saw when uh, you were in two spots office a bottle of scotch Yes, no, I also saw Lydia. Lydia. She ran out the side door. That could mean anything She's crazy, you know, I could see it in her eyes right then. She was crazy. You think she did it I hate to break up your and helman's dream But a doctor's supposed to know insanity when he sees it also there was blood on her hand A doctor's supposed to be able to identify that too if he's had the problem but she can't be crazy I was talking to her. Oh, it could come and go besides She's probably at the stage where drugs can still keep keep her calm down I'll bet that's what two spot had on her She worked off the drugs effect while bowling and something happened that two spot witnessed Maybe she killed a pin boy that would fit Sackhead seeing it too. Then she did all the killing sure and two spot was covering for her to keep the money coming in You can't blackmail an insane asylum.  We better warn helman warn helman If we do that the killer might get away. Come on jaco. The helman gets killed.  I knew it was too late. I could see the guest house lit up in its own flames The trees around it looked like black skeletons dangling in the firelight We started running across the lawn, but rentals cut us off It's no good. No act. There's nothing we can do. Is it lydia? Yes We tried to get in but she's barricaded herself in an inner room. The heat drove us away. It's a hard way to die I'm sorry. I had to lie about the butler's death put you on the spot like that I knew she killed him I was hoping I could get her in an asylum. She had a rough shuffle With all that dough all she could buy was a black ace If you read the papers about it all you'd have learned was that lydia died in a fire And the uncle saw to that. I don't know how he did it, but he managed. Of course, I kept quiet I kept a thousand bucks worth of quiet Rentals gave me that to forget to talk added to what was left over from the thousand two spot gave me It made a nice little bundle And just my luck They meadows close yesterday Heard on tonight's presentation were ben morris's novak john gallbraith as inspector helman jack louis's jaco and mary milford as lydia With her bella's tall avery edwin mcdonald and henry left special music by otto claire Listen again next week when over most of these same abc stations the american broadcasting company will present pat novak for hire This is abc the american broadcasting company


city in Ireland hi I'm Teddy I'm from Dublin in Ireland and I've been here for the year oh no that's like a bad fig row that's terrible I'm not afraid it's enough it was too crisp on the outside and too much on the inside no it's too dry oh it's very weird oh it's a marshmallow oh what it was that a biscuit oh it's like a Benji without the crunch oh no yeah you can eat it off I mean we could eat it separately oh there's cream are you actually yeah it's a yeah I need that if I was drunk I've had these I haven't had these it's salty it's a peanut that they're probably salted I don't like that really these are big like these are big news oh no I don't know yeah these are actually these are way too cheesy not bad actually they're like in your teeth yeah but you're not gonna get it out you're gonna need a floss like you're gonna need a boss quick yeah I'm about it I don't know what are they made of air silly thing to say it looks like a mini pancake roll has been put into beetroot and rolled up oh no I don't like it so you could start a war with this no just eat that means it's up but that was not that I think it was funny for shock value because none of it seems to be very nice it's not taste it's just like feel this way but you didn't know you could taste that yeah that's mine that's mine your toppings my toppings my two cents


Hello, and you're very welcome back to MPS Goes to Westport Festival. I'm sitting here with Foil, Arms and Hog. Who? Did I say that right? Yeah, you did. Yeah, you did. Let's go. I said it really well. I'm good. I'm good. Thank you. So guys, how is Westport Festival going for you so far? Good. Good. Yeah. Good. Yeah, it's going great. We had a show in the RT tent and then we had a show in the main comedy stage there, which is really good fun. Guys, can I ask you where the name came from? No. OK. That's fair enough. I'll just move on. Yeah. Foil, Arms and Hog comes from Nicknames, so the foil is the comedic foil, the straight man. That's good. That's nice. Oh, that's Nicknames, man. That's not cool, man. Thank you. I have to do that with that orchid side. Arms is the clumsy one, so all arms and legs. And Hog is the... I'm the Hog. Yeah, Hog the limelight. OK. And the mic. And the mic, obviously, yeah. Yeah, he's the selfish guy. The selfish guy, yeah. The selfish guy, which I think was showing just there. That's an orchid. So boring, clumsy selfish is basically foil. OK, fair enough. That's cool. OK. And guys, you've recently reached a milestone in your career. You've surpassed the popularity of foil installation on Google search. Can you tell me about that? Wow, yes. Wow. That was a big moment. When you used to type in foil, autocorrect on Google used to make it foil installation. But up until two months ago, that was the case now. It's foil, arms and Hog. Yeah. And then... As long as you use the Irish Google, worldwide we still have a battle on our hands, but we definitely dominate Google.ie. Hauses worldwide are still firmly insulated for now. I think so. Yeah, fair enough.  It's me, Sean Frinnigan from The Tribune. Thank you. Yeah, it's so much more fun because, you know, the live elements of the audience, anything can happen like today. And in this show, we were heckled by two small children and we were about eight, ten years old. I went into the crowd as a character and just got roomed by an eight-year-old girl. And what are you going to say back to her? Be mean to an eight-year-old girl. He went in and normally he goes in as he kind of like, he's looking for a friend, you know, will anyone be my friend? And he said to the kids, you know, will you be my friend? She said, no way! And of course, I was like, ah! Okay, just like you. There's no comeback. You can't go to a kid. Yeah, well, you've got poor prospects ahead of you. You're stuck. And then... Forward to acne, yeah. And, yeah, so it was one-way traffic then. That's like... I got flung around the stage by a bodybuilder dude that we happened to get up on stage. I had this fortune of being flung around like a rag doll. I'm not a big man. What bit is that in the... That is a sketch called The Friendship. It's the same one. Same one that we got heckled by the eight-year-old. Then a dude came up and heckled me physically with his body.  I was great from the audience. That's totally what you wanted to go wrong. Certainly, especially Irish audiences, they want to see everything go wrong. You could work for months crafting the best joke you can think of. And then when you say it wrong, they laugh more than when you... Like, even right now, the audience at home are hoping that one of us falls off a chair. And that really... Why do people make that happen? They're really sturdy. What are your upcoming gigs? The Vodafone Comedy Festival is one of them. Really looking forward to that. It's always really good. Last weekend in July, we had some brilliant acts out of that. Great, so we can see you there. And your YouTube channel? Yeah, that's going strong. We do a new video every Thursday. We've got the Vodafone Centre Stage videos coming out at the moment. They're coming out every Thursday. We have our own YouTube channel. I think it's because somebody needs to. So that was Foil, Arms and Hog here on MPS Goes to Westport Festival. Thanks very much, guys.