Hi. Good morning, everyone. How are we doing this fine Friday morning? Bright and early. Great. Woo! OK. So I'm Rubeh Shimunani. I'm a software engineer at Red Hat on the OpenShift on-time steam, working mainly with Cryoportman, Belda, and Scopio, so all the low-level container tools that we use nowadays. And this is? Yep, I'm Sally. I'm also an engineer. I work on the OpenShift team. I work on some different OpenShift components, like API server and authentication. I use Podman in these tools every day, but I'm actually not writing the code for them. So all the hard questions are just different to receive. Yeah, it's my, when I started at Red Hat though, I was on the containers team, and things are way different. Back when I started, we were submitting pull requests to upstream Docker. Pretty much the Docker container exploded on the scene. Everybody started adopting it, and that was the only tool available. We at Red Hat were carrying a bunch of different patches on Docker in our own branch. And that's what we were shipping, and things that we thought were important. We've got security and other features that Docker just hadn't accepted yet, or PRs were closed, or whatever. So you can go back in history, look at a blog that Dan wrote. He lists all of the patches that we had, and the PRs, and such. It's an interesting read, but anyways. Around that time, another company, CoreOS, was developing a container tool on Rocket. And so lots of other companies were getting interested and wanting to develop tools. And it was going to be very difficult without a set of standards around what is a container. And so the OCI was formed. Some companies like CoreOS, Red Hat, Docker, Google, IBM, all the big names, they got together and came up with some open industry standards for what is a container image, and what is a container runtime. This was really important in propelling things forward, because now any container image can run on any runtime, as long as you adhere to OCI. So what OCI is not, and if you were at Dan's talk, you saw this yesterday, we stole it from him. OCI is not a movement started by Dan to get open container laws changed and be able to drink beer on the streets or in your car.  So yeah, we just want to nip that in the bud. So before we go on, we want to just be all on the same page. It seems like most of you are, but I prepared this, so I'm going to say it. Containers, they are ordinary Linux processes running, and they are constrained, they're isolated, and they have extra security. Processes are constrained using Linux C groups. C groups control how much of a system resource like CPU, memory, bandwidth, a process can consume on your system. Namespaces, Linux namespaces give you an isolated view of your system with regards to a resource. So for example, if I'm in a container, I'm in a pid namespace. If I'm inside that container and I have a shell, if I ran the ps command, I would only see the processes in the pid namespace. I would have no idea. I would have no access to. I couldn't view any processes running on the host. Same thing with mountain namespace. If I'm in, say, an Ubuntu container, I have the root file system of Ubuntu in the mountain namespace, and that gives me the feeling that I'm on a Ubuntu system. That's the idea with Linux namespaces. And then extra security, I think I already said that. So in order to have a running container, you need a container image. And that is nothing special or magic. It's a tar ball made up of layers. The base layer is usually a root file system, like a Fedora or Ubuntu or Alpine or whatever. And a JSON file description of certain things like environment variables, entry point commands, things like that are put in the JSON file description. And then layer upon layer, if I had, say, I wanted an Apache Fedora image, I would install the Apache package and commit it into a new layer and then update it with a JSON file. Tarle that up. That is a container image. In order to run a container image, you need a container engine that knows how to launch the container runtime. So in a container engine is a program that can take the container image, reassemble that tar ball, extract onto your local system. And it uses a copy on write file system for that. Because, say I have 10 Fedora images. I want to run 10 Fedora containers, 10 Fedora images. I only need one copy of that base layer. I don't need 10 copies of the base layer. That's copy on write allows for sharing of layers. And so the container engine, like Podman, Cryo, containerD, takes the JSON description of the image and takes any user input. Like when you pass the run command, you might pass a port or interactive or TTY. It takes all of that information and combines it into a new JSON file that it uses then to launch the runtime. 99% of the containers we've used use the runtime of RunC. Docker, Cryo, Podman, we all use RunC. But any OCI runtime can be used. There's others like C run and G visor, Cata containers. There's others. So now we all know all of that and we can move on. Yeah. So Sally gives an awesome introduction to what containers are. So now we know that the continuous space can actually be broken down into four different sets of action. These are building container images, running and testing containers locally, storing and sharing your container images, and finally running them in a production environment. Now, each of these actions have very different security requirements. For example, you need way more privileges to build container images than you need to run container the production cluster. So imagine what would happen if we had all these actions happening in a monolithic tool. We would obviously end up with the least common denominator when it comes to security, which is pretty terrible sacrificing security just so you have all the functionality in one place. So following the meme on this slide here, our goal here is to deliver better and more secure tools for your container workload. Hence, we decided to follow the UNIX philosophy, which states that you should design tools to do one thing, to do it well, and to work well with other programs. As you can see here, the UNIX founders are really happy that we decided to follow their awesome philosophy. So we had four container tools were born out of that. Builda, the name says it all, for building container images. Podman for running and developing containers and pods locally. Scopio for sharing and storing these container images, and finally Cryo for running your containers in a production cluster such as Kubernetes or OpenShift. And all these tools, including OpenShift, come together to form the amazing container commandos. They're the superheroes of the container world and are here to save us all. So over the last year, the communities surrounding the four tools have really grown. And that's why we wanted to come back and share more with you about the tools. We're going to go through some of the new features that have been added over the past year. The first one is Builda. Builda is the tool for building container images. When you build container images, you want to build them securely. The first thing that you would think about is only put in your image what you need to run your program. So building minimal images, Builda was designed to do that easily. With all of our tools, there is no demon. That's really important. Because of that, you can run all of our tools without root. And our image builds can be truly containerized. I'm getting ahead of myself. Because over the past year, year and a half even, we've been working on updating OpenShift from OpenShift 3 to 4. And it was released this year. And Builda is the tool used in OpenShift for building images. And we use Builda containerized in OpenShift. And because there is no demon, there's no information being leaked from the Docker soccer file to the container when we're building images. It's really made our image builds in OpenShift much more secure. Also, Builda is the default image build tool in REL8 over the past year that happened to.  They're all live. Hopefully the one we just changed up works. We expect it. If not, sorry. So again, Builda makes building minimal images very easy. And it did work. That's good. Builda from scratch, it sets up the scaffolding of what is a container. It sets up the sea groups and namespaces. But there's nothing in it. It will spit out a working container. From there, you can set a mount point to that working container and use your host system package manager to install whatever you want in your container image rather than having to have the package manager inside the image. Now you can just use your host system and move or copy or install anything you need. We've installed one single package that we needed, which was Busybox. And now that we have that, we can remove the mount point and commit that working container with Builda commit to a new image. So we called the image minimal image. So now when we run the image, you can see that it's completely locked down. You can't ping. There's no Python. All that's in that image is Busybox. That's the idea with minimal images.  The more that's in your image, the more it can go wrong. So do you want to talk about? Yeah. So another feature that we have in Builda is building with Dockerfile.in. So there have been cases where you usually want to build multiple images for different distros, but you basically want to do the same thing in each image. So you'll have like 10 lines that exactly the same across like three, four different Dockerfiles. So instead of copying and pasting these lines across all the four Dockerfiles, you can just create one Dockerfile, the bottom one that's the Dockerfile, the lower case. And you can have all the common lines in there. We use the CPP processor to do this. So you can use the pound if, that, pound include, pound define functionality of that. And so as you can see here, I have two Dockerfiles, Fedora.in and Ubuntu.in. So in Fedora, I want to start from a Fedora-based image. And I just want to like echo I'm Fedora on it. But for the Ubuntu, when I'm building for an Ubuntu, I want to install HTTPD. So as you can see here, I have done a pound include Dockerfile in both the Fedora.in and Ubuntu.in files. So I don't have to copy and paste these common lines across. Another cool feature is that you can also do an FL statement. So you're like, if you are doing Fedora one, you can do DNF install versus if you're doing app Ubuntu, you can tell it to app get install instead. So I'm just going to quickly build that Ubuntu image. And as you can see, it built and we can find my image here. I forgot to clean up our images. Yeah, it's called my Ubuntu, it's right there. And then same with Fedora. I didn't do DNF install because it was going to set and take forever to run here. So I just made it echo, I'm Fedora in there. And once this is done, hurry up. Something went wrong, but okay. But yeah, I basically built that image. So it's just more of enhancing user experience, making it easier for developers. You don't have to sit and copy and paste things around. You just have one file with the common lines and all. So that's Dockerfile.in for you. It started the next demo. Yeah, it started the next demo. Okay, so this demo, so when it comes to processes, there's always been this long-going battle between speed versus security. Usually, and the same applies for when you're building container images. So usually when you want to maximize your security for your build process, you're going to be sacrificing on speed. And the same is true for vice versa. So keeping that in mind, we actually designed Build to allow users to explore with and discover what balance works for them best. Some people prefer fully locked down, even if it's low, some people prefer really fast, even if it's completely unsafe. And there's another technique of keeping good balance of safety and speed. And so when we incorporated Build and OpenShift, that's a constant discussion going on with the balance between performance and security. Security. Yeah, so the three scenarios here, and the three ways you can do build processes in Builder. So the first one that already ran, I basically have appointment command and I'm running Builder into the container. I'm not even building an image. I'm just trying to pull the UBI8 image. And as you can see, it took 14 seconds to run that. And in this case, it's completely secure. Acelionics is enabled. I'm not mounting any container storage volume into the container. The process is completely isolated between the host and the container. So this is your most locked down method and this is your slowest method. The next one is your fastest method, which is the most non-secure method. And this one, as you can see, I'm volume mounting the container storage on the host into the container. So now if the host container engine has already pulled down an image, the container already has access to it now and doesn't have to reach out to the registry to pull it down. So you're saving time on that. And then since I'm giving my container right, I need to give my container right access to that path. I have to disable acelionics. That's where the security op label equals disable flag is there. So this is completely unsecure. It's like it's not blocking anything here. And, but it's the fastest. Like, and if this is what you want, you prefer faster of security. You do you. It's up to you. We've given you the option to do that. And then the last scenario is a good balance between security and speed. So we have something called additional stores and builder where you can tell builder that this is a read-only store. You can pull images that already pulled down to that store. You don't give it right access to the store. So we're doing that over here. We're volume mounting the container storage on the host to our lip shed, which is like additional store. And we're setting as read-only. So the container processes do not have any permissions to write to that path. And it cannot change any content on the host container storage. So future container runs will definitely not be affected. So you're basically like 90% locked down in the scenario. But then you're still giving it the database from the host in the image database from the host into the container. So you're leaking that much information in. And because of that, it's already cached and you don't have to reach out to the registry again to pull it down. So as you can see that actually ends up being faster. And the second scenario is already in the cache. Yeah, so it's like about two seconds to run that versus the 14 seconds in your most secure method. Upstairs is the one we practiced. It took like 23 seconds for the top. Yeah, so I mean this one's on the internet speed as well. But yeah, so these are the three different ways that you can balance your security and your speed and choose on what is more important to you when building container images back to slides. Oh cool, we're back to Podman. So Podman actually, I would say, has the most new features in it. Yeah, so like once I'm done building my container image, I like to like play around with it locally. And for that, Podman is the great all-in-one container CLI tool. You can do everything from building container images to running and containers and pods. Podman also uses build down with the hood. So time back to your next philosophy. Create tools that do one thing and work well together. And Podman replicates the whole Docker CLI and adds much more on top of it as well. Same thing as a theme, as Daniel also said, hashtag no big fat demons. We have no demons running for Podman. You can run without truth this way. So security, focus on our security there. Podman version 1.0 was released earlier this year in January and it's now the default container CLI tool in well eight. It's fully supported by Red Hat and we no longer have Docker. Over the past year, we have added a bunch of new features to Podman, specifically focusing on user experience enhancement. These are some of the features that have been added. Podman pod, as the command says, it's the full CLI tool to create your pods, play with your pods, do whatever you want, sort of replicating how pods and containers work in the Kubernetes or OpenShift cluster. The other command we added is checkpoint and restore.  So with checkpoint, you can checkpoint all these containers. Podman will save its state at that point and you can reboot your machine easily. When you restore it back, it will pick up exactly from that point. So you don't lose anything and you don't lose any, you don't have to start from scratch again, you have to wait again for all the whole database processes to happen. So pretty cool for people who like to use containers and databases together. And the next feature is my favorite one out of all of that. It's Podman Generate Cube and Podman Generate System D. So usually when I'm playing with my pods and containers with Podman, it's super easy to launch containers and pods at the point where it was Podman run, some image, some command, right? Add in some two or three flags there, do what you want. And once I spent some time perfecting what I wanted to do, then I'm thinking like, okay, now I have to make this run in a Kubernetes cluster and an OpenShift cluster. I have to go and now write YAML and JSON files for that to happen. I have to go like kind, pod, name, my pod, yada, yada, yada. Here online YAML checker. Yeah. And I usually don't remember exactly how the YAMLs go. Like I don't know about you guys, but I don't remember the other part of my hands. I'm usually Googling, how do I do this and how do I do that? But Podman Generate, you can pass in a pod, you can pass in a container, and it will literally go through it and create the YAML file you need to run it in a Kubernetes cluster. Then you just pick that, plug it in, and your pods and containers are launched as they were with Podman. You can use kubectl or oc if you're running OpenShift to create it. Yeah, so very enough to feature for developers. Same thing for systemd, you can also join in systemd files that way. With systemd files and containers, it's a way to launch a container, say on startup. We don't have a DMN for our container, so we use what everybody uses for everything else, that's systemd. So we don't have something like Podman autostart like Docker does because we just don't have a DMN. Yeah, and then another one is Podman and Sheriff. We all have been using Builda. I'm sure you've used Builda and Sheriff before. It basically just puts you in a username space, replicates a container environment, and you can do stuff in that. And now, so this is a pretty big thing. Podman is going to start using C Groups V2 in the near future. It'll be the only container runtime supporting that, and that shows our dedication to further improving technology tools in the container realm. And finally, a big feature that's coming along pretty well, and our internet actually has been working on it all summer, is Podman Remote, which lets you use Podman on a Mac or Windows machine. And we will talk about that a bit later in the talk. And yeah, more demos. So this demo we've showed before, and actually Dan, we share it with Dan too, so he showed it yesterday, but it's the Podman runs with a true fork exec model, and rather than the client server model. That's important when auditing a system for knowing who's running what on your system, fork exec is important. So on a Linux system, if you can't proc, self-log in UID, that will give you the UID of the person that's currently logged into the system. It does not change whether you go into a container, you gain, you know, you use sudo, you're always going to be logged as that user. So with the fork exec model, if I run a Podman run command and I go inside the container and look at the login UID file, you can see it carries through and it's 1000, as you'd expect. If I do the same exact command with Docker, I'll get something different. Oh, sorry. And this signifies that it's a user who has never logged into the system. It translates to negative one or unsigned 32 bit in, something like that. You'll always get the same value when you're running Docker containers and that's because that's the Docker daemon. So showing this another way, if I set up some audit logs for a sensitive file like Etsy shadow, if I have the ability to run Podman as sudo, launch a privileged container, there's nothing stopping me from mounting the hosts and making a change to Etsy shadow. But if I go into the audit logs that I've set up, you can see that Urbishi, I've taken over Urbishi, so actually this, I'm still not going to get caught, but Urbishi is messing around with Etsy shadow. If I do the same thing with Docker, you can see now that in the audit logs it says the unset user has been making changes to Etsy shadow. So that's a really cool way of showing how important the fork exec is when auditing and knowing who's running what. All right, so as I said, we added Podman Pod in the last year, just a way of creating pods. I can do Podman Pod create and that will create a pod for me. When I do a pod list, you can see this is the pod that was created the first one. It's the one that's created two seconds ago. I can see the- And it has one container in there. It has one container. You can see the container is running inside it and has an infra container which basically sets up all your networking and everything you need for your pod and containers to run. Yeah, so every time you run Podman Pod, that one infra container will be started without, you don't have to start it and that's what sets up the pod namespaces and such. So now I can create a container inside the pod by doing a Podman run and giving the pod flag the pod ID. So I'm creating an alpine container. So she's starting just a simple alpine container inside that pod. Yeah, and then when I do a Podman PS, I pod PS, I can see if you remember my state was created up here and now that I have another container apart from the infra container running inside it, now it's showing that my pod is actually running. This is probably gonna fail, yeah. Oh yeah, cause you just have the flags. So I can do it here. So if I do Podman PS-8-pod, that will show me containers that are running inside Pod right now and this is the one that I just ran. Yeah, so that's it and you can, if you stop a pod, it will stop all the containers cleared up for you, basically like how pods and containers work in clusters. So I would encourage you to go look, run the latest Podman and do Podman Pod help and you can see the help menu and what's available for Podman Pod. There's also a command Podman container. If you're using Checkpoint and Restore, that's a Podman container command. So if you do Podman container help, you'll see all of the options there and then there's also just the Podman help menu. So Podman container is used with- You just wanna do this? Yeah, I'll do it, yeah. Yes. Podman container is used when you're running Podman Cube generate, Podman generate cube. So here I have an OpenShift cluster. Can you see that off to the side on the right? Yeah, you see enough. I have my OpenShift cluster running in the cloud. It's running in AWS and I have my, I'm going to show you Podman generate cube. So here, I'm gonna make it a little smaller. Can you guys see that still? Okay, so I'm running the command. Well, first here's the Docker file that I built for my Hello OpenShift image that I want to run in OpenShift. It's just an alpine image and I have a simple binary that spits out Hello OpenShift, simple web server. So Podman supports these run labels and I passed a run label to my Docker file. So what that does is every time I run this image, this command will run, the Podman run, give it the name Hello, set up the port and run it in the background. So now I can pass Podman, I'm gonna set up a container, run label and I'm gonna give it that image. And that pod, that container is running in the background and you can see if I look at the logs, they're just serving there. You can see it's running. Now, Podman generate cube, here's the help menu for it. You pass it a running container and it will spit out a YAML file that you can upload to OpenShift or Kubernetes. So here I'm going to pass Podman generate cube with my running container and here's the YAML. That looks good, I've checked it out. So I'm going to save that to a local file. And here I want to make sure I'm in the right place. You're in the right project. Oh, I am? Okay, so I'm in a Hello OpenShift project and I'm gonna show you my pods, which I have no pods, but I can run OC create and a pod has spit up, a spun off, sorry. And I want to make sure it's running before I, yep, it's running, there we go. It's a really simple pod, so there's nothing that's gonna block it. You can describe it. I'm going to use just some simple OC commands. So if I run OC expose pod, it will set up a service. You could just create a service if you know the YAML for service, but OpenShift is the distribution of Kubernetes that makes Kubernetes really user friendly. So we've added commands like OC expose because we know that if you have a pod and you're gonna want a service. So here, oh, I wanted to show my service.  And there my route popped up and now I'm showing you right and left. I'm showing you command line managing OpenShift and the web console managing OpenShift. I'm just doing the same thing at both. So here I can curl that route and I should see hello OpenShift. Yay, or I can go over here and show it as well. There's hello OpenShift. So that's podman generate cube is something that the podman team has been working on for the past year. It's new, they'd really love it if you had some new stuff to add to it. So submit pull requests, RFEs, whatever. Still up and coming. And you saw how easy that was just to convert that account generate which you built, convert it to a YAML file and run with OC. So, yeah. And then, all right, so that's for podman. Oh, good, we're done with podman, yeah. Now we're moving on to Scopio. So Scopio is a pretty simple and really nice tool that you use to share your container images. The biggest feature about this is that you can easily move your container images from registry A to registry B without even having to download it or from any container storage to another container storage. And you can also inspect remote images so it goes and grabs the JSON that gives you all the information of what the image is. So the digest, the repo tags, who wrote the author when it was created, et cetera. So you know exactly what you're gonna download. Same thing as podman buildup, no big five demons. We have no demon running here. And as podman buildup, it's also the other default container tool and rel8. So Scopio was the first container commando. I was trying to make a joke about, you know, Captain America being the first Avenger. Scopio was the first one to break away and start the whole container commander revolution. So she's very important. So quick, quick demo. This is my favorite meme, by the way. My creating containers to cloud. So pretty quick demo here on Scopio. I'm just, if you want to, let's say, move your images, move an image from your storage that's used by Docker to the storage used by podman on cryo and Scopio. It's a pretty simple command Scopio copy. Docker demon is just telling Scopio that pick it up from the Docker storage and our storage is called container storage. So move it there. So I'm going to move that over. Probably already had it, so skipped over it. We also made our pull and push much better actually. It's much faster now from last year. Parallel. Yeah. Yeah, so you'll see Ubuntu demo right here. And I was able to easily move over. We plan to enhance Scopio a bit more where you can easily like mirror registries. You just do Scopio sync and it will copy over all the images from one repo in a registry to another. And just to make, as we said, our goal is for a user experience enhancement. And just to add, I use these tools every day, but I usually am running like build a build commands. And so I use build a push to push up to my query registry. Build a push actually uses the same library as Scopio as container slash images. And so again, all these tools just work well together. That's the goal. That's the design of it. Also, Scopio is actually pretty underrated. It's actually, it's a very simple and nice tool. So if you're running in a classroom, you're running a script and all you want to do is move container images around and stuff like that. Then you don't actually have to install Podman because Podman gives you so much more. You can just have a small simple tool, Scopio, to do all that for you. And that's actually what we use when we do our missions for OpenShift and all.  So it's actually a very, it's a really good tool and it's pretty underrated. All right. So now we're up to Cryo. And if any of you were at KubeCon in Barcelona or watched the keynotes at KubeCon in Barcelona, you would have seen Urvishi. She was up at the keynote announcing that Cryo has joined CNCF. So at this point, I'm just gonna step aside and let Urvishi talk about Cryo. She's also a Cryo maintainer. All right, so after you've built your container images and you've tested it, push it to your registry, the next step now is to run it in the production cluster. And that's where Cryo comes in. Cryo stands for container runtime interface OCI. What this means is Cryo's OCI compliant. It follows the OCI embed spec and the runtime spec. You can plug in any OCI compliant runtime to it, like RunC, Cata, GVizor. So we have a CRUN now, which is the C implementation of RunC and all that. So what Cryo does, it's the interface between the Kubernetes CRI API. So it has a lightweight demand because it needs to be able to talk to the Kubernetes API. And then it tells the container runtime, so like RunC and all like, oh, I need to launch. So basically if Kubernetes is like, I wanna launch a Fedora container. So Cryo will go up to the registry, pull it down if it's not already locally stored on disk. And then it will tell RunC, here's the image, these are all the settings I want to do and just launch this container for me. So that's what Cryo does, it's the interface. As Sally mentioned, we joined the CNCF earlier this year as an incubator project. And Cryo's the only runtime now in OpenShift for the next clusters. So we're fully out there live. Cryo's main focus is to make running containers in production as boring and as secure as possible. Focusing on our security, we have the users can easily enable read-only mode with what this means is that all your processes and your containers will be running in read-only mode. They won't have permissions to write to any path in the container except of what is volume mounted in. So if you ever get attacked and someone tries to install something in it, they won't be able to because it's all read-only. Another thing is Cryo's FIPS mode compliant. It's one of the only container tools that does that. So if you're running on a FIPS compliant machine and you launch a container, the Cryo can detect that it was in FIPS mode. So it would know, it would be able to block the crypto algorithms that are not allowed by FIPS mode. And one of the biggest features that got into Cryo and actually all our other tools as well is registry mirroring. What this means is that if you have registry A and B and B is a mirror of A, it has all the contents A has. And you tell Cryo, I want to launch a container from this image from registry A, but for some reason A is down or can't be reached. Cryo will know to fall back to B and automatically pull it from B and continue your process. This is especially useful when you're in disconnected environment where you don't want to be connected to the internet and you have a local registry. And when you say Cryo is for running in production, it's really for running in Kubernetes. Cryo was designed built for only running in Kubernetes. And because of that, so we actually walk in lockstep with the Kubernetes version. So if you're running Kubernetes 113, you know you have to run Cryo 113. You don't have to go look up a map like I'm 114 and you have to run Cryo 0.10 or something. So you always know exactly which version you need. Yeah. And last demo is, so. Is this a mirroring? Yeah, this is a mirroring. So I'm going to demo how the mirroring works. Okay. So I have a local registry running right now in my VM. I'm going to start my mirror script. Okay. So I'm going to use scopio to copy an image I have when my Docker have repository to my local registry. And I'm going to do that pretty quickly. See how easy that was. And then I'm going to get the digest. I knew that was going to fail, but I already have the digest. So, so with mirroring, it only works when you're pulling by digest just because digest always guarantees that you're going to get the exact same image regardless of which registry it's on. It makes, the digest will be the same of all your content and your manifest and everything are exactly the same. So, the shot, yeah. So this is what, so then we have a registry.conf file where you can set up the mirroring rules. As you can see here, I have set up Docker.io slash humanani. So it happens on a repository level, not a registry level. You can do registry level as well, but we prefer repository level. And then my mirror, I set it up to that localhost 5000 my repo mirrors Docker.io slash humanani.  And then if I run thing, you will see it's not being able to access the internet just to prove to you that I'm no longer talking to the internet. It's 100% packet loss. I'm going to do private images. I don't have that image yet there. You will see it because of your long digest one. And now I'm going to pull it. And as you see, so even though it shows, it pulls from Docker.io humanani, but it doesn't. I have no access to the internet. It can't reach out to the Docker hub. And that proves that it actually pulled from my local registry. And now I have to put my images. You see that long, this image here with the long shot. Yeah, I just got that in. And that's how my mirroring works. So now I can just destroy that it works. I'm going to run a container with a pod with cryo, run a container, start it up, and my container is up and running, as I would if I had just pulled the image from Docker. So yeah, so now imagine like, in an OpenShift cluster, imagine you are in a disconnect environment. Some users like have to be disconnected just because of security reasons. They don't want to be connected to the internet. And having this, like with cryo, you're giving OpenShift that feature to be able to install from scratch as disconnected. You just mirror everything, all your images, your release payloads, so local registry, tell OpenShift this is where you should do it, set up all these mirroring rules, and everything will be seamlessly installed for you. And that's a pretty big feature we also added in OpenShift, so. Yeah, again, that work is for running disconnected clusters. All right, so getting there. Sorry, that was misplaced. This is first. Oh, we just wanted to quickly remind you to run your containers as non-root whenever possible and enable SC Linux, because almost every CVE that's come out with containers has been a file system exploit, and those can be completely prevented if you are running with SC Linux and running as non-root. For example, this one came out in the past year. It was a big RunC CVE, and it affected all pretty much every container image everywhere. And the exploit was that a process could escape and overwrite the RunC binary and then make it do whatever it wanted to do on the host. So it was a really bad one, but fortunately at Red Hat, we were pretty much okay because, A, we don't run random images off the internet. We run as non-root. That's the default in OpenShift. That's why we don't allow containers to run as root in OpenShift. And set in force one, that because the RunC runs with container runtime exec t, the container processes are container t. Only container t types can write to files labeled container file t. So container file t does not equal container runtime exec t. So SC Linux blocks being able to write the RunC file. Yeah, so SC Linux was really the only thing that was blocking it. Running without root was definitely helping, but SC Linux. So remember, early when I showed you the fastest build process by disabling SC Linux, this is what can happen if you do that. All right. I interrupt folks, but we are running really close on time, just if you wanted to... Can we, do we have just one more minute? Can we do the two minutes more? Yeah, we're like two minutes away from schedule done. So if you wanted to open for questions, I just wanted to let you know. Okay. All right, so we have a pretty quick Podman remote demo from our intern here. And we can take any questions out in the hall. We can take questions in the hall after. We really want to hear to demo with this. So, hi, I'm Ashley. I'm an intern on the Container Runtimes team. And so I've been working on the Podman remote, basically packaging it and making it smooth. So it's easy to install and run. So right now I don't have Podman installed, but I can just do a, if anybody's familiar with Max, you know, Homebrew is like the default package manager that everybody use. So I can do a brute cast install Podman, and it will install Podman really quickly. And then right now I have my connection to my host, which is my Linux machine sitting right there. And that's the IP address. And just, and then so now I can just pretend Podman is running on my local machine. And then it should show the pods that I have that are on my Linux machine. And it just kind of looks like it's running on my Mac, but it's actually running on my Linux machine. And that's the remote aspect in play for Podman. And it's done using Varlink Bridge and using, so I have a Varlink socket running on my Linux machine. And SSH is into, it communicates through SSH. So yeah. Awesome.


Hey guys welcome to our training reviews. So I've got here the Mixta E8 wireless active noise cancelling headphones. I'm going to give you a quick unboxing and review on this and see how the audio quality is. So let's get straight into it. So if we go ahead and open this box. So let's go ahead and look at what's inside this little carry case. We have the headphones that neatly laid out. Just take this outside. So you've got your USB charger and you've got the wired counterpart for the headphones if you don't want to use the wireless. Then you have a user guide in there and then this is your warranty card in the shape of headphones. I think that looks pretty cool. Right so just pulling them up. I like this carry case actually it's quite neat. So put that one side. This is what the headphones look like. Nice solid build. Now I like the design of this. You've got the soft padding inside the headband and actually on the earpieces as well. Let's see where the buttons are. So on the left earpiece you have the noise cancelling button and the charging port. On the right earpiece you have the power on and volume up and down buttons as well. So you can use this to control your music, take phone calls. You have an inbuilt microphone as well. So let's go ahead and see how to pay this with my phone and hopefully get some audio recommendations. Right so you'd have to hold the power button down until it starts flashing alternating red and blue. You can see audio confirmation as well when you listen to the headphones it says power on and then if you keep holding it it will say pairing. So now I just go onto my phone and go into the bluetooth settings and there you have the mixtape 8 just appear there and I'll connect it. So let's go ahead and put this on and I'll give you a little audio review. So it's quite solid and actually I think it's quite comfortable. It doesn't really press against any of the ears. I feel like I can wear this for quite a long time. You can adjust the size of the headband as well by pulling it up or pushing it down and making it tighter. It is quite tightly held and that's one of the reasons why it has to be noise cancelling so that there's no noise leaks coming out from the side of the earpieces. So some people may feel like that is a little bit too tight so you'd have to adjust it a tiny bit. Now the thing I want to test out as well is the active noise cancelling button that they have specifically which reduces the noise coming from outside. Now they recommend that you don't use this for extended periods of time otherwise it will start hurting your ears. However for most situations this is going to just do you a really good job regardless of whether you're in a really noisy environment or not. It's actually doing a very good job just keeping it tight and keeping the noise locked inside. So let's go ahead and play something and I'll give you a review. I have to say the bass is really good in this. I've noticed while speaking I can barely hear myself speak because it's really good at doing the noise cancellation. What I'm going to do now is turn on the noise cancellation button and see if I can hear myself talk. Okay wow that's a big difference. I can't hear a word I'm saying. All I can see is it's made the music louder as soon as I turn that on. So that's one of the reasons why you can't use it for extended period of time but I have no idea what I'm saying right now but that's how good of a job it does.  I'm going to show you guys a difference with this into the microphone. This is without the noise cancellation on. Now I'm going to turn the button for active noise cancellation on now. You may have noticed that it's gotten a little bit louder but it actually locks in the music and it just keeps it tight. Now I have to say the quality in the audio was really good. It was crystal clear. I think there's good bass in there as well. Now I also have various other headphones. I have the Marshall major 2 bluetooth headphones. I have the Bose sound link headphones as well. I think the Marshall on ear headphones the bass is probably slightly better but obviously it's more expensive set of headphones as well although this does a really good job especially when you put the noise cancellation button on the bass really picks up and you have just awesome audio. Now just to mention that the active noise cancellation it's generally for areas where it is really a lot of noise coming from the outside so this could be when you're commuting on a train, when you're flying on a plane, when you're near a construction site and so on so if you're just generally out and about you're walking in the office you wouldn't need to use that noise cancellation button whatsoever. It does a really good job without that. In terms of the price points I think that's where this stands out the most. For what you get this is actually worth £60 and it's available now on Amazon UK. I'll leave a link in the description below. It was £150 so you've got a really good saving of £90 on there so 60% off. Go check them out. I really think you'll like it. The build quality is awesome. It's really easy to just fold, put away and put into your carry case and take it with you. The wireless battery life comes with 18 hours of wireless playtime. There is other headphones that come with a little bit more for example my Marshall ones are 30 hour battery life so I was hoping that this comes with a little bit more battery life but then again 18 hours will get you plenty of music time for most of the things you want to use it for. If you have the active noise cancellation button on all the time then you'll get 16 hours of playtime. I just want to give you a quick shot to see how this looks when you've got it on from different angles just so you can see actually the size of it. So if I go ahead and put that back on so this is what it looks like from the front. If I turn to the side this is the side view and if I turn to the back. Overall I definitely would recommend them. I think they're doing an awesome job. You're definitely getting a really good solid set of headphones here and I don't think there's another competition out there that you'd get this level of quality for that price so definitely check them out. I've got all the relevant links in the description below. If you have any questions on this and if you'd like to know a little bit more then please do drop a comment. I will get back to you other than that. Thanks for watching guys and I'll see you next time.


Okay, we are three minutes after five. We'll start this webinar on UBI and pandemic in Europe. Welcome everybody. We have a wonderful event in front of us and I'm very much looking forward to also presenting our speakers in just a bit. So we're going to hear in the order of appearance, Simo Reivtila, Valeria Koroszek and Natalie Bennett, who is not here yet but will join us in just a few seconds. As I said, the topic of today is UBI and the pandemic in Europe. And I'd like to thank the organizers and that is Luca and Sol in the background for organizing and preparing this event. And overall I'd like to thank the European Foundation for the organization with the support of transition data. So we'll dive right into it. And so there's Simo telling us about the, sorry, about the Jeff publication steps towards universal basic income, the effect of the COVID-19 crisis on welfare policies and support for UBI in the European Union. Before Simo starts, I'll just present all the speakers and then Simo, you can start right away. So as I said, Simo is starting. He's a PhD student in sociology at the University of Helsinki. He's the coordinator of the Finnish think tank Visio that you can see advertised here already. In 2018, he worked on last resort social assistance register research at Kela, the social insurance institution of Finland. And here is Valeria Koroshek Koroshek Koroshek, sorry. She has a she holds a PhD in postmodern sociology is the representative of Slovenia in the basic income birth network, and is also very much involved in the European citizens initiative and additional basic income, of which we might hear also a bit from here. And additionally, she is the representative of the European network for the fair sharing of working time. Very much looking forward to her to hear her contribution. And last but not least, and she'll join us in just a few minutes. She is a green, she's a green member and I think actually the only green member of the House of Lords in the UK. She was the leader of the Green Party of England in Wales from 2012 and 2016. And before that, she worked for over 20 years as a journalist, including for institutes institutions such as the Bangkok Post, the Times, and as the editor of the Guardian Weekly. And now, without further ado, I'd like to give the stage to Simo. Okay, thank you very much for the introduction. I hope you can hear me all right. As I don't need to go through the introduction I'm just weekly going to say that I have followed the basic income for many years and written on it for the Green European Journal. Simo, just one second. What we see from you now is I think you're presenting screen where we see you know. Okay, yeah. You want to change that. Yeah, yeah. Sorry for that. Where is. Does it seem to be right now. That looks better. There we go. If I do this, is it still all right. Just the moment I'm going to try and check it because it worked before it shouldn't be the window but it should be and also if it doesn't work just go on like this I just want to let you know. Yeah. Yeah, for some reason it doesn't really want to do the No worries. The presentation effect doesn't work. But nevertheless, let's go on like this. And yeah, I was saying I have written on multiple occasions on the fitness UBI trial for the green family. And the newest text I have written is in the second volume of the European Green perspective some basic income. Which is something I will discuss later today. And the background or the work that I will discuss now is the summary report that we did in the basic income projects of people in Europe and foundation. Last year, during the COVID pandemic, we decided that it would be a good idea to have a survey of the member organizations to see what kind of social policy changes were made in each country. Additional research was done using era funds database where they also collected different policy reactions. And this was published recently I think that just kind of a couple of weeks ago. A research questions were We were trying to find out if there were changes that could be called steps towards basic income. The idea was that during the pandemic, there were social policy responses to it. And we wanted to know what they are telling us about our welfare states. And additionally, we wanted to know what happened to you we had discussion in these countries and our current policies. And we collected the information in it is huge quality table and kind of try to interpret them from there. What I want to say and why I have research in quotation marks is that this is not peer reviewed scientific research. This is a report done as it has some methodology to it, but yeah, it would not probably go through in a scientific journal. Which is important to understand when citing this or referring to this work. And the steps that we defined as being kind of more towards basic income, or having the same kind of effects that people are hoping from basic income is that it would bring about an increase in benefit levels and decrease poverty, or, and it would be kind of the changes would be more long term than the normal social policies. More people would be, would get the benefit, it would have less bureaucracy than the current systems, and it would eliminate welfare traps so to incentivize working or activation. It would reduce means testing and sanctioning within developer system which is one of the main things that makes basic income basic income. It is unconditional. And I'm not going to go through these long lists in detail, but there is one example on the right kind of what kind of things we looked at. So we had a list of these social policy reactions under these categories of steps towards basic income. And then we kind of interpreted kind of what we found to jump to the results. The overwhelming number of measures were aimed at self employed people, art time workers, artists, and stuff like that. People who we would often identify as being part of the precariat, precariat or small time, small entrepreneurs and people like that. They were quickly recognized as not being supported by the normal welfare system and steps were taken to alleviate this during the pandemic. I think that we found a difference between different countries that corresponds to the old Spain understanding and welfare state regime classification that the social democratic countries didn't really have such drastic changes during the time, as they already had some policies in place that were only introduced elsewhere during the pandemic and our benefit levels are already higher. And some countries with normally more meagre social welfare states and through market interventions, for example, banning evictions or providing people with food and stuff like that. And especially like the United Kingdom, which is something it would be interesting to hear from Natalie was one country that acted differently, mostly supporting people through their employers. So not so much focusing on people not employed even before the pandemic. And the most UBI like policy that I think we found was in Portugal, where they extended the length of the unemployment benefit and temporary temporary suspended or all eligibility reassessments. So if you bear on unemployment in benefit, you could stay on the unemployment benefit during the pandemic, which meant more predictable amount of income in your hands and less means testing and social control. Mostly we didn't find changes to last resort social assistance. Spain accelerated its minimum income sheen and Finland and Belgium increased the level and Finland's temporary suspended its penalization of benefit residents if they fail to seek employment or act in a manner that is not preferred by the system. And then we also looked at the discussion I will only quickly go through this. We saw that there was a lot of discussion on how the current welfare systems were not enough. The pandemic showed her flaws. Emergency UBI so a temporary UBI was discussed in many countries, of course, in a small manner implemented in for example in the United States, not an European country but important to note. And we are currently still kind of in the midst of this discussion as the debate on an European basic income is still going on. There is an European citizens initiatives that is still taking names. And this is the last sentence from our report that in the time of unequal globalization and the climate crisis. Unfortunately, COVID-19 will not be the last crisis we will have to face and protect people from. This was my first presentation for today. Thank you. Thanks so much. Thanks so much for giving us a background on the publication. I'll post the link in a second or see more maybe you can do that as well so that people can find the publication. It's also like your last slide how the pandemic and the means taking means taken by some governments in order to fight it were. Yeah, how they how they changed the debate in this specific country I think that's for a good conversation afterwards. I'll take questions as soon as the as we had the presentations all done and then open the discussion for the audience. Next in line, we have Valeria. Yes, I hope for my presentation is there. Can you hear me. We can hear you we can see your presentation you can start right away. Okay, thank you very much. I'm very glad that I can speak in this event. I just want to say there's, I believe, important information that I recently joined the freebies micro simulation universal basic income team. So that you will know where to find some additional information about basic income. And now I would like to speak about what happened in Slovenia during COVID. But first of all, I would like to ask the listeners to understand very Slovenia and that it's in the we used to say in center of Europe, that it's very small country, and there's only around two millions inhabitants. I believe this is very important information when we speak about Slovenia. And the first information about COVID measures and the basic income is that Slovenia is actually the only country that introduced universal income during COVID for self employed people. I believe there were three different measures similar to basic income idea. There was also universal unconditionally uniform income on the level of minimum wage for clergy. And there were universal unconditionally hold the vouchers for all residents in Slovenia. And here, down the slide, it's the title of social policy committee annual review of the social protection performance monitor. There are recent information about social policy measures during COVID as well. And here is like universal basic income for self employed for Slovenia, where you can see, well, that it's true what I'm saying. But now I would like to speak how it happened that our government introduced this measure or those measures. So some people might know that Slovenia is only country that succeeded in getting national water signatures in the ECU BI 2020-2022. I'm even more proud that we succeeded that in two months and now we will try to, I don't know, to be the first on the line to the end. The next question is how that happened. Why is Slovenia so, I don't know, special? For now it's special. Well, I can speak about timeline what happened in Slovenia, how we have built our community, how we have built our presence in the news and how well we made the concept of UBI known through not only media but that people, well, at least they said, well, we heard about the concept, although not a lot of people understood it well. How it happened? Well, I would say that we have a really good circulation of information from academia through NGOs, public media, then there were political parties conferences. Two elections ago in 2012-13 and then we had a feasibility study already in 2010 and the first proposal that maybe it's good or I don't know if it's good or bad. We only have one proposal, which is good enough to show people that basic income is possible to introduce even in budget neutral way. But lately, oh, this is just micro simulations, which shows that if we would introduce a basic income, we would have even surplus during those 30 years. And then here is a presentation I did at UNICEF conference. The question was, is basic income for children better than means tested universal child grant? And micro simulation showed that yes, it is. For the same amount of money, we get reduced level of child poverty. But then you see, then I found out where is the problem of implementation of basic income. Just a small reminder, that'd be great if you could come to an end within. Yes, I will. Look, the point is that right now we have success in introducing basic income by the name. But it is the time of the government where Slovenia is almost the worst country in the EU regarding trust. And as you can see, well, what's the problem? The problem is that society doesn't work anymore. During COVID, we have, we have a complete enemy shutdown of all the systems, science, academia, NGOs, nothing works. And that's a Slovenian problem right now. So that I can say I'm not optimistic about universal basic income to be the scheme in the future. Thank you. Thank you so much for your, yeah, for your information about what's going on in Slovenia. That's great to hear and we'll go over to either Natalie Bennett, if she's here. I can see her as the discussion participants. Luca, can you tell me whether she's present? I don't think so. If that's not the case, then I'd suggest we'll start or go over to Simo again who will tell us about UBI during the pandemic in Finland. Simo, does this work for you? Yeah, it works. Just a sec that I can get back to my slides because I was looking at the interesting numbers. Well, as the president did from the citizens initiative. Just a second. I can see my notes, but at least you can see the slides. And as I said, I have written many articles to the Greenhaven Journal. I already said this, we don't need to go through this, and I will actually skip for today the part on the UBI trial or the details on it because I had a presentation on it a little time ago. If you can get these slides later, you can check them out. So I've included the presentation on them, but I'm just going to skip most of them. This one I'm going to briefly discuss, which is the results that many researchers and people even in political parties supporting basic income were not happy in how the trial was done. But the results are so that employment effects, which were most of the interest to the current government at the time, were not really found. No negative or positive effects of basic income on work in the group of mostly long term unemployed people were the recipients, but less robust study, which was not like a controlled trial, found that results on well being a life satisfaction that were similar to earlier basic income studies that is beneficial. That basic income helped people to live more happily and with less mental ill being. And here we are today that there is a full parliamentary term social security committee working in Finland to overhaul our whole social security system. They are working currently, and they consist of experts, officials and politicians from all parties in the parliament. So, they are currently, for example, discussing different models and basic information on it is also available in English. What makes basic incomes future in the working group or not so bright looking are the parties tenses on universal basic income for the only parties that you can see here that are most in based on an elections both matter done by one major party in Finland. Only in the Green Party and the left island's people are staunch supporters, or kind of say, elected politicians are staunch supporters, even in the center party, which officially costs its model basic income. Most are against the idea that in the future citizens should get a basic income without conditions. The party's official stance is pro basic income, but the models they have proposed are more akin to the models proposed by Christian Democrats, the National Coalition and social Democrats, which look more like a universal credit as seen in the United Kingdom. Yeah, and I said before, and there's also Democrats have also proposed and earned income tax credit kind of benefit, which would only be paid for people who are employed and earn certain amount. So that because their effective marginal tax rate cannot be decreased any further. So kind of how much they actually pay in the sense of losing some benefits and paying taxes. When the tax level cannot be changed anymore, they would be compensated by benefit. And there were three trials study or study span in the government program, which were a negative income tax trial, which would follow the universal basic income study, but it seems that there's not enough funding for it. And it seems to have been one, according to the newest information to be watered down even to only being a study of earned income tax credit. This is something that will probably still be forcefully discussed between the government parties. And then there was an academic experiment discussed that would have more compared different kind of incentives to work or kind of effects to increase employment monetary studies like the basic income information and then decreasing bureaucracy. If a trial started in 2023, there might not be enough time or budget to make it any more a worthwhile one than the last one was. And then I have included a lot of reading that has been beneficial to me when I have written these different reports, and which I think offer a quite good view into different aspects of basic income discussions. Thank you. Thanks so much for the input from Finland. We have Natalie Bennett with us. I can't see her now. Natalie, are you with us. I think Luca, do you know anything about her or so. She didn't try to join yet and virtually. No. Okay, so we'll just, I think, continue with the conversation that has a question. Actually, I would like to share some information about political parties and the basic income in Slovenia. So, people in all European social surveys were in favor for universal basic income for years. That's why we have so many signatures of course. And then we had a strategy that we didn't want to give the concept and the possibilities to take basic income idea solely for one political party. So, our organization, a basic income promotion network went to all parties. We said, well, they all need to know about the concept. And even our members of our network, they, they went to all different kinds of parties. We thought this is a good idea. But in this year, we found out it was not so because all parties knew the idea knew how good it is. But if they couldn't make some points during elections on that part, they found it useless. So it would be better to sell the idea to one big party, you know. That's my point. Then during the European elections previously, we started to think and started with independent UBI list for European elections. And we have that in mind for the next elections. This is the first point that what I would like to say is that we have in Slovenia super election year next year. It's going to be local elections, national parliament election, national council elections and a president elections. So everything. And now we would like to see how they, they stay on the universal basic income. They said, you know, in the previous elections, they're all in favor. Even they, they were in national parliament demanding from the Ministry of Finance to calculate again how much is possible. But right now, they are quiet, completely quiet. One sociologist last night said, well, in Slovenia, we have polite neoliberals and not polite neoliberals. Our government right now is not polite, but it's, you know, neoliberals anyway, and anyhow. And what is even worse is that because they have stolen our brand name. We have like universal basic income. We, we made this concept well known. We are using our definition universal unconditional and so on, and they just took our name, and they presented as minimum wage income supplement. And now people are coming back to us and saying, well, what have you done.  It's not my fault. I mean, they just told my name. That's interesting to hear. Thanks so much for the info. I think Seymour had a direct comment to that and then I'd like to open the discussion to the audience. Joop Böhm had his hand up for quite a while and then there was a comment from Reina Hus from also a while ago. So I've noted this I have you guys on the list but first Seymour and then we'll open the discussion. Just to comment that that's kind of using the brand name of basic income is the same problem that we have that with the center party, which is one of the big old parties that they want to call their model basic income because their supporters support basic income or part of them or meaningful amount of their basic income, but then this is not seen in the elected officials and the parties official or kind of parties of models. And the second thing is which I kind of discussed a little bit in my report or the COVID report, which is something that I would like to clarify from your area. So is it so that you don't currently in Slovenia have a minimum income sheen. We do you do. Yeah, but kind of if we would imagine a country without it, a basic income would be a kind of more beneficial in comparison to having in a country like Finland with already a high level of different social benefits. Our problem is to kind of implement it in a very complex system of hundreds of different kinds of benefits. And, for example, in the developing countries or kind of in the case of our report in Kenya, it can have more bang for the buck so to speak. Yeah, I know but let's I want to interrupt here in order not to have only a conversation between the two of you but actually have the audience speak as well. I'd like to give you a chance that you can come up. Luca, can we organize this in a way that we can add everybody to the audience here or like to the discussion panel. Yes, you should be able to speak now. Just unmute yourself. Hello. How does it work how can I admit or like give them a mic basically. So, yeah, I gave you the right to speak. And so you just need to unmute yourself at this point you have that it should work. Does that work for you. Can you unmute yourself. You are still with us. If not, is right at first still with us. Yes. I think you had a question in the beginning that was regarding the first presentation from Seymour, and what was what our social democratic countries do you mean Scandinavian countries. Do you want to explain this a little further. I already said it in text. But if run hard has something else to ask. I can just clarify here that yes I was talking about the Nordic countries, and it was based on the old classic of welfare state regimes by your status being understand the Swedish researcher. Is that what you mean by that. What you meant. Sorry. Yes, if you can hear me. Yes, thank you because I mean I have never heard this term I mean I heard that there are lots of social democratic policies in Scandinavian countries but I haven't heard them as described as social democratic countries so I normally associate parties with the term so thanks. Yeah, I can if I can I will also use this point or time to I will be discussing this more in the upcoming chef publication on on just transition. So there I will also explain this will for a rich in sand, how they relate to kind of issues of universality and just transition. That sounds great. Thanks so much. Are there any other questions from the audience. What is this there was a call in Slovenia is regarding poverty among very developed countries a lot of current benefits that would be replaced so I think that was a response to what Seymour just said I think he didn't want to compare Slovenia to other low income countries somewhere in Sub-Saharan Africa. And this was to clarify that point right. Okay, I would still like to say something. Okay, well you see. I do believe that in the future, even the European Union will have to check it out a little bit more about social welfare systems in X or post socialist countries. I mean, if you look in equality and everything Slovakia, Czechia and Slovenia, we are the best among poverty alleviation programs for children and even for the others. So I would be, I mean, I think others might be, you know, old. Are there additional questions or comments from the audience. If not, I have a question or more like a suggestion or comment rather. So you guys were talking about how the name of basic income was used by the other parties or other organizations and then used in a different form that basic income has this definition of being unconditional no means testing no behavior testing and so on. And they just take the name because there's obviously no copyright on it and use it for something else and this is something that I see in Germany as well. There was like some one example in at least Berlin, not all over Germany but in Berlin that was the case. And I think in France, there's a Macron who introduced a, he called it revenue universal activity so something like a universal activation revenue or income. And so that also has in its core nothing to do with basic income, but for some reason, and I think it's not a coincidence. It's using these terms that are in universal basic income as well. And I think it's, it's an interesting point you made that people come back to you and then complain, what kind of stuff you suggested, although it wasn't you but other people who just use the name. And, and I think it's something that might appear quite often in the future when there's actually going to be a heated debate in a country about universal basic income. From a Finnish perspective or Slovenian perspective have an idea of how to go about it so I think. Valeria you suggested, not necessarily addressing all parties at once but just going to one so there was some strategic advice of how are going, going about it, but if assuming that that stage has already happened. Basic income is already used as a term for other things than actually basic income. How do you think this can be, this can be fought back like what what can we do about it. Well, in Slovenia, we have three different strategies. I mean, we always jump on any opportunity that comes you know. So, at the beginning when they introduced universal basic income at the beginning of COVID crisis, we were very happy because we said, well, people will get in the ear, the notion of it, the name of it, everyone will know what it is.  So everything that is connected is is I don't know dirty or wrong. So what we can do well, some people already said well just go by any other name. Just go with the I don't know citizen wage, or social wage, or whatever, but you see, I don't think that's that's very clever. I mean, we, they can steal another brand name easily as the first one, but we have the theory behind it, and we cannot just jump around with, I don't know definition explanation and the concept and everything. So I am planning to fight it for the brand name and get it back. Okay, that sounds good. Do you have any recommendations. Yeah, yeah, definitely. As I'm working so closely with the Green Party, I, I have less of an idea on how to actually kind of go to other parties and help them in understanding basic income. I need to think that what has been so beneficial in Finland is that we had the trial. And before we have the trial we had to micro simulations on the costs. And the greens have kind of gained expertise and and expert status on it because we have been once publishing publicizing such studies. We also, I think we have a pretty good kind of respect for kind of non political experts in Finland. So for example, when the kind of we have social policy expert publishing reports. We have a lot of weight in the political discussion. And that is kind of one thing that we can use to curb the discussion in the right direction, which is of course something that I am interested in, because of working in a political think tank that studies basic income. So just to quickly touch on the social or citizens dividend or different names discussion. I think it's okay to use a different name, if you are talking about a different thing, because we could use kind of things like basic income, for example, in in the green decision to pay a social dividend to compensate some losses to the poorest people in our societies. But that is not kind of the same thing as basic income as the main block or main benefit of our social security systems. Okay, thanks so much there. We have another question for Seymour but I'd like to put that back for a while because not only Bennett just joined us and very happy to have you here, Natalie. And, and yes, today for our session on UBI and the pandemic in Europe will also hear the national report from the UK from Natalie Bennett, Natalie the floor is yours. Natalie, can you hear us. She might just have lost reception or so. She was with us just a second ago right. There she is. Let's see. Hi Natalie, can you hear us. You're still muted. Can you hear me. We can hear you we can see we're very happy you're here and we're very much looking forward to your contribution about UBI during the pandemic in the UK. Thank you very much. And I want to apologize profusely to everyone from my extreme like this I was in a debate in the chamber and it was expected to finish finish about 45 minutes earlier than it did and once she committed to the chamber you really can't leave. Just the nature of sometimes one get caught so apologies for that. But I think I bring some really exciting news in terms of the impact of the COVID pandemic on the debate on universal basic income in the UK. I think even before the pandemic started we were sort of seeing universal basic income as an issue rising up the agenda and we were starting to see real grassroots support for it. But COVID-19 pandemic has very, very much highlighted the extreme insecurity of so many people's lives in the UK. And the fact that whether it's zero hours contract insecure employment are simply inadequate pay to meet people's needs benefit sanctions. I've just been listening to a bishop in the House of Lords speaking very, very strong terms for a bishop about the impact of a benefit cap that if its families with more than two children who were simply left without enough money to live on. So we've seen a really acceleration we've seen the development of a large number of UBI labs, which is a grassroots based organization, starting started out in Sheffield spreading far beyond the UK but is particularly strong in the UK. We've seen a significant number of local councils starting to perhaps have the same level of power that councils and regional governments have in other parts of Europe but nonetheless there are indication of local support saying they very much like to run a trial. And recently at the BN conference the basic income earth network conference posted online but at least putatively in Glasgow. We saw the first ministers of both Scotland and Wales there to express their support for the idea of a trial at least possibly even going further in the case of Wales and so we have really strong support for the idea of a UBI. And I think what we're seeing many people may be seeing reports about what's happening in the UK about the that we're seeing just you know as we head into a winter with prices rising fast energy prices as they are in many parts of the world rising very fast. Inflation food prices rising a real rising level insecurity what government support there was has either ended or was being ended. And so I think we're going to see this this whole issue potentially jump to the next new stage. And you know, I have sort of standing. There's a minister who when she sees me in the corridors goes, so are you going to ask me about UBI today. And my answer is usually yes because it's a matter of there is rising interest we don't see, you know, the Tory party the Conservative Party not going to back it soon. Unfortunately, Labour has moved away from it and ideologically is not very keen on it. But it's something we're starting to really see a real groundswell of public support. So that's where I'd say in short that's what I'd say is is what's happening in the UK at the moment. I did many years ago after the being conference in Finland, write a piece you're speculating on whether it would be a country with an already advanced welfare system that would go the step further or go to UBI. Or whether it would be a, you know, country which has a really inadequate welfare system, which would suddenly see the need and making great love jump. And I think, you know, at the moment, if you force me to put to put a bet on this, I think I'd probably go for a country that's, you know, really has an utterly inadequate welfare system like the UK. So thanks very much for that. That was really interesting. I mean, it's sad to hear what's like the causes of all these of all these movements but it's it's great to hear at the same time that there's quite some movement outside of Parliament outside of the political parties happening that are fighting for basic income. I think that's encouraging for all of us. Are there any questions to Natalie Bennett's directly. So guys, we have next in line, a question to see more but first I think their questions from Seymour and Valeria to Natalie if I understand so Seymour you had your hand up first. Yeah, because because kind of the study that we deal with you learn about the steps towards basic income during the pandemic. I would like to hear a clarification from Natalie, kind of on kind of what kind of support the government provided during the pandemic in the UK, because the needs had seemed that the government mostly supported employers or employees to employers and there was only kind of more local money given to social benefits necessary but projects. Is this accurate. You are. Yeah. Sorry, I didn't hear any of that the the entire call the question dropped out apologies I'm having technical problems here but Okay, I can try to ask it more quickly. It seems to me that during the pandemic in the UK, the government mostly worked through to support employers or employees to employers, and they were not so much done to the social security system. Is this correct. Yes, I would broadly say that's true. I mean the key thing thing in terms of the social security system was a 20 pound uplift in what's known as universal credit. And that's something that's just ended, and that's going to throw an enormous number of people into poverty. What we saw was the furlough scheme so a huge number of wages salaries were paid to employees through their employers. What was expected to happen and what was feared would happen was at the end of the furlough scheme they would be a huge drop off in employment. So what we're seeing as many countries are seeing perhaps more extreme than most because of the whole issue of Brexit, which is a whole nother area on the side is that we're seeing, you know, not the higher levels of unemployment might have been expected. There is some real problems in that there's a lot of job vacancies but many of them are for jobs that many people can't take whether that's HDB drivers. So that's obviously, you know, an issue of skills, but also an issue of the kind of jobs. You know, it's not a job that fits in with a family life with carry responsibilities. It's not a job, you know, physically even that that many people would be able to do. So that is where a huge amount of the government money went. We also saw a lot of support for businesses including businesses like airports, etc. So direct support to businesses. There was some support through the Universal Credit Uplift but broadly speaking it was done through businesses. But we're not seeing the fallout from that side of things that perhaps people were predicting 12 months ago. All right, thank you. Before we go over to Valerie, just a short response but really short from Zimo. Yeah, we had the same kind of furlough scenes also but the problem with kind of only increasing Universal Credit that you are and working through furlough scenes is that you are missing out on the people who are not either on Universal Credit or people who were not employed when the pandemic started. Yeah. Okay, thanks so much. Then over to you, Valerie. Thank you. I would just like to say that also in during the COVID basic income got got people who were not beneficiary for social assistance or unemployment benefits self employed people and clergy. But I would like to join to Natalie with optimism about UK and basic income. Of course, people from all around Europe. Well, we were looking closely what happened in UK after Brexit. During this basic income conference and Bristol conference and everything what we can see is actually like your civil society is very much alive. And I would say this so civil society come alive through Brexit or because of Brexit. And now you have such a great opportunity to put this movement in the right direction. I mean that's why I'm so optimistic. Thank you. I can just quickly respond to that. One of the reasons why we have a powerful civil society is we have such a weak and inadequate politics. I'm speaking to you can probably see the wood paneling in the background from what's known as the mother of all parliaments but we have a government that was one the support of 44% of the people who voted in 2019. I'm just reminding you from the unelected House of Lords. The very weaknesses of our politics, the fact that we fail to represent people or debate issues properly is partly the reason why we have I think such a strong civil society. But you know there are positives and negatives of that and we're definitely working on the positives. I just have to say, I mean your breath Brexit is very similar to our independence in 91, you know, so I can, I can see this resemblance. That's why I said it. Okay. Okay, thanks so much. Yes, so we've heard today from the Jeff publication on the policy measures taken during the pandemic in Europe that Seymour is a co author off in the beginning. The national contribution from Valeria the national contribution from Finland from Seymour, and then a tab later from from Natalie as well from the UK and I think from these three countries at least we have a good overview of what was happening during the pandemic, what what kind of measures we're taking by the government, and to which degree it is encouraging what's happening regarding basic income, as in, it is picking up, yeah traction and picking up speed in these countries, although I think at least for for Seymour you said like there's the there's the Green Party and there's the there's the there's the left, but other than that there there are no big supporters let's say at least in the, yeah in the in the established parties. I want to thank you again, Jeff for so the Green European Foundation for organizing this and the transition for supporting the event. I'd like to thank our Luca and soul in the background and especially I'd like to thank you, Valeria Seymour and Natalie for reporting from your side and letting us know what's happening or what was happening during the pandemic regarding UBI. I'm just unmuting for a little bit of colour if you can hear those bills in the background that means the House of Lords is having a vote so that tells you a bit about the life in the House of Lords. Okay, thanks so much.


Good morning folks. This is Steve Rhodes coming to you live from the shores of sunny Delray Beach, Florida. This year, 11 name update and currently got a little bit of a mixed bag out there that makes primarily coming from the NASDAQ NASDAQ composite of 107 points. The NDX 100 that is NASDAQ composites down 82 points. It's about nine tenths or percent for both from otherwise the other US indices are trading to the upside. That was up 213.6 cents. S&P is up four points. Russell 2000, a big day out here, one and a half percent, 26 points to the upside. Summai's, they're trading out at 224.15. That's up 10 bucks. Gold is up 14 bucks. Silver is up 17 cents. Length recruit is up 248. Natural gas back seven pennies. 30 treasure up one point and 11 ticks. She's trading out at 121.13. Let's take a look at that nine panel market update chart out here. I don't think I have this thing all set. We've got an A to B equal CD pattern still underway for the ES mini. It's a one-to-one price target is at the 39, 16, 75 bubble. That is likely to be it at least while that spot volatility is below its 50 day exponential moving average. That is a bullish condition for the S&P 500. If we take a look at the NQ, it is struggling but not really struggling that much. It's an inside day so far. An inside day typically means that the trend that is currently in place will continue. Therefore, the NQ should target its one-to-one A to B equal CD at the upside. That's at the 11, 8, 82 area. US dollar index pulled back. It's got that nice, uh, rogment to indicator top way back here that formed on September the 28th. That's basically led to a sideways consolidation price right now pulling back in the support area of its daily bullish structured profile. That support zone is 109.64 to 110.20. If we take a look at Goldilocks, uh, getting up towards the top of its daily profile, which at 1682, the high of the day is 1679. Just a good old fashioned consolidation there. And the same is true for Silver right now, consolidating within its weekly profile. And that's between the range of 1848 to 1957, priced right now, tradeout in 1954. Lights be crude. If we were to close here right now, what we could share with you is this is more than a counter trend move. So as long as priced today closed above 86.75, that likely suggests that price will head up to the top of the weekly and daily profile at 90.94 to 91.58. Natural gas got a nice, uh, by the D point bottom, but so far that's just led to a consolidation with inside its daily profile. And even though you got a nice move into 30 year treasury, you got a new profile that form that's above price that tells you about overhead supply. That's a bearish signal. Doesn't mean that price won't touch 121.25 out there. The high so far today, 121.23. Folks, thank you for the trader's head show. But if you're off to start your Wednesday, please have a wonderful one. Thanks so much for joining us. We'll look forward to seeing you again soon. Take care.


We just woke up, tomorrow's our wedding, and I'd say our home is pretty nice. There's a sleepy puppy, but I'm not so sleepy anymore. There's still pretty sleepy. We got our grill going. He's munching in a crunching. A celebration of Megan and Weston as they unite to make their commitment to experience and share moments and memories that will stay with them forever as well as us. So cheers! Clink, clink, clink! Welcome and drink, come here! Thank you! If any of you have been here before, this backyard didn't look like this. We definitely didn't have all this other stuff ready. So crazy amount of hours you put in the last few months, just never ending. I came over for a week and it was like 6 a.m. to 9 p.m. every day. And it's like, well, I'm going to go home and do nothing. So they do this every day, so that's pretty cool. Because it turned out, I mean that tree got planted what, two days ago? It looks like it's normal. That was the old fire pit and that one we just built. So it's like craziness how this is transformed. So I want to thank you guys for all that and all the support you've given us. And Megan's family for dealing with us as we're freaking out at home, screaming at each other the last few months. Yeah, everywhere. Trying to make decisions and me thinking I have decision making power sometimes when I really should. Like flower color or anything like that. Your ideas are great. You're right. So yeah, thank you for letting us be crazy in your house. Everybody else for visiting and coming out during the pandemic. Risking your life. Spooked about it, but we're just kind of whatever we die, at least we're partial. That's why I didn't come in. Yeah, so thank you. Shake your toes. Yes, I filmed the video from when we first started. Like Kurt was putting together the... I went around and I just filmed this entire place and I just filmed one today. And it's like, you guys will have to watch it. It's insane. Like all the amounts of work that me and Judy put in to plan cheesecakes for like two hours because we couldn't decide which ever thing. Thank you. And everybody else for the multiple messages that you got in a row. The Facebook Messenger. So much 5,000. Don't get away. Done. Thank you Kurt. Stop messing around.


So it's time to continue our international rally preview, and I'm delighted to say joining us the whole way from Scotland as a regular visitor in the month of June. And of course, David Bogey. David, delighted to see you and delighted to talk to you again. Yeah, thanks for having us on. Listen, you've about an unfinished business with Donnie Gull. It's been a while since we had a rally here. We have to go back to 2019. You went off the road and knocked Ella. So you did. You've about an unfinished business here in the county. Yeah, absolutely. And to be fair, you know, since we spun off and hit the wall on the call, I've been counting down the days to get back to Donnie Gull. So yeah, unfinished business and, you know, still kicking myself. It was my mistake in 2019. And yeah, it'd be great to go back and have a nice clean run next weekend. OK, I'll not bring it up on the rest of the interview again, David. But listen, we're celebrating 50 years here in Donnie Gull of the international rally. Maybe you might be able to tell us if you think back to when you first heard of Donnie Gull and when you first came to the county for the rally, David? Yeah, I think I've heard about it for years and years. You know, the Donnie Gull name just speaks for itself. So, you know, my first visit was back in 2007 when I went across as a spectator to watch the rally. And Sebastian Loeb was doing it in the Citroen World Rally car. So yeah, I think it's fair to say since then, you know, the buggered and well and truly bit. And yeah, I was determined to do the rally after that. And obviously, of course, you have won on several occasions here. Two-time winner of the now former national rally, David? Yeah, we've been lucky enough to lift the trophy two times now. On the first occasion, unfortunately, the rally was cut short. And on the second occasion, we immersed two or three days. So yeah, it'd be fantastic to get a third modified win. But you know, when you have a look at the entry list, it's just it's unbelievable. So yeah, we'll certainly need to be our best to be fighting at the sharp end. What about the car this year? Obviously, it's the Escort. We've seen it here a number of years ago. Have you taken much with the car over the last couple of years and what are you expecting out of the car coming next weekend, David? Yeah, the car is pretty much tried and tested to be fair. And, you know, it's pretty much ready to go at this stage. So yeah, for me, you know, it's just a bit getting back into a real go drive and Irish tar and, you know, as I say, we really have to be our best. So, you know, we've done all the preparation now. So yeah, we're just hoping we can clean up. Did you manage to take any boxes of your prep last weekend and to run, David? Yeah, we did, you know, experimented with some different tires. And for me, you know, I've recently been driving a McGee and Motorsport. My neighbour overall rally car, which is obviously a right-hand drive and four-wheel drive, and I've been using that in gravel. So, you know, we made a couple of changes to the car, which was great. But, you know, more so, it was about getting me back into the groove again. And, you know, unfortunately, we didn't finish the rally, but, you know, we were feeling very comfortable in the car. So, you know, that goes well for next weekend. How different is the tarmac here in Donegal compared to obviously in Scotland and all the rallies in the UK? David, did you want to go? It's, yeah, it's class.  So, yeah, I love the stages, very different to say, you know, a rally that would run to the back end of the year in Scotland, which would be quite wet and difficult, you know. And Donegal and June, your grip levels are so high. And, of course, overall pace because that's so much greater. So, yeah, it's a fantastic time of year. Where would you rate the Donegal rally? Because obviously you've taken on rallies in Europe and across the UK and further afield, David. So, where does it sit with you? For me, it's number one. It sits right at the top. Of course, we've got the Mull Rally in Scotland, which is absolutely fantastic in a very close second. But, you know, for me, Donegal, you know, it's got some fantastic memories from being across their organisation, that atmosphere, the buzz, the stages, just everything. It just, for me, it ticks all the boxes. So, yeah, I think, you know, if we could do one rally, that would be the one. Yeah. Stages, of course, here in Donegal on the Friday, they're going to be around the Newton-Conningham and Ishawn area. Then on Saturday with a couple of big classics, Fannad and Nogales in there in the Saturday, Garton, Atlantic Drive and High Glen on the Sunday. They're all big stages here, David. But what's the stand-out ones for you? Yeah, I think, you know, that the conic stages are all fantastic in their own right.  It's incredible. So, yeah, Nogala is great, you know, but as I say, they all offer something. And as you say, I think the Friday stages, you know, particularly this year, are going to be tricky. And, you know, for us, it's important. We get a clean Friday and we're, you know, there and there, if I must say, we don't want to fall too back out of the races, but at the same time, we need to be in kind of striking distance. So, yeah, clean Fridays, you know, what I'm looking for at this stage. What's your week like in Donegal? Would you do the wreck of the weekend before? Do you arrive in the county maybe early off-rally week to get your preparations, I suppose, organised and finished with before Friday? How does it work? Yeah, we go across on the Monday afternoon, with accommodation from the Monday to the Monday. So, yeah, crossing the Monday afternoon, we'll wreck you Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and then, of course, rally Friday, Saturday, Sunday. So, you know, it's a big week. It's a hard week, but, you know, at the same time, it's an enjoyable week as the week goes on and you get closer to the rally start and the buzz intensifies. It makes for a special week. What about the pace then? Do you have to be on it on the Friday or can you just navigate your way through the first day and see what happens then on the Saturday, or is it on fall throttle from the go? Yeah, I think it'll have to be to be fair. When you see the entry this year, it's, yeah, you know, we can't fall too back out of races on Friday, as I say. But, you know, when you see the line-up of crews and equipment, you know, everybody's going to be ready for this. So, yeah, I think that the pace on Friday, you know, especially, is going to be crazy. So, you know, I'd love to drive across the finish ramp at Mount Errigal on the Sunday. So, yeah, we need to keep up to new ages. It would be nice as well, just finally, then, David, since we're marking the 50th anniversary of the International, that if you as the Scottish visitor would be crowned the Modified Champion. Hey, it'd be fantastic, wouldn't it? But, yeah, I'm not going to get too excited. As I say, it's going to be a long hard rally. We'll be giving it our all, that's for sure. You know, we can guarantee that, and it's very much important. That's it, David. We look forward to seeing you back next week. Thanks for talking to us. Thank you very much.


Hi there, my name's Melanie Mark. I'm the Minister for Advanced Education, Skills and Training. My Nisqa name is Lahakwiskak, which means Eagle that passes on to the next generation. I'm the first First Nations woman to ever get elected in BC's legislature, and the first First Nations woman to serve as a cabinet minister. I'm also the first person in my family to graduate from high school and attend college and university. I have a degree in political science. I guess the reason why I'm sharing this with you is because I understand that you're gathering on the traditional territory of the Sumas and Mattskwe First Nations people from the Stolo Nation, and you're gathering to celebrate young women that are interested in trades and technology. I guess I just wanted to share with you how important your role is going to be in the future.  People that are going to be software engineers. People that are going to get involved in the trade sector, building roads and hospitals and schools. So I guess if there is a message that I could share with you, it's going to be this.  I can tell you I fell down so many times in my life, but it's getting back up with the passion of what you believe in that's really important. I want you to reach out to those mentors in the room that are there to support you, because they want to see you shine and succeed. Take every advantage of getting a post-secondary education, because I think that's going to be a pathway to your future success. Thanks so much for hearing me out. I'm sorry that I can't be with you. Keep shining and reach for the stars and don't take no for an answer. How are you?