everybody forced tier ripping 2021 select football hobby 12 box full case number 24 random division style the link for the results is in chat and you can always find them at latentsportscards.com as well let's go ahead and get started thanks for joining everybody i don't have the energy not feeling it right now not feeling it we're too we're too chill but we're chilling too much i can't answer all them questions right now okay here we go silver selections nausea here say FC north they premiere level silver rookie 22 out well for the nfc west wilson tom brady silver phenomenon nfc south club level silver mark angraham waddle premiere level true gold in the first box is concourse daniel jones one of ten nfc east nice gold daniel jones maybe they'll get a first giants play out when in years this weekend silver field level rookie kyle trash for the nfc south i don't time to get any jones color you never know who can go on a run right silver concourse rookie afc north nausea harris very true like strong concourse red quinney williams for the afc east 75 out of 99 premiere level silver shannon sharp tricolor premiere level rookie nfc east kenneth gainwell 151 of 199 silver concourse rookie zack davidson nfc north travis edsy yen three of 49 rpa purple for the afc south nice card awesome etsy and love the purple too purple and teal looks great so let's look at the hornets concourse silver zeke might move on from zeke this offseason i don't know man he's looking not great recently i think it's time for him to go ebbons to 75 on the field level nfc south to 25 dante high tower tie-dye auto for the afc east nice boom tower my dude right there oh the patch forever that's a legend concourse maroon queen of williams for the afc east to 149 club level silver rickie javante williams afc west yeah i'm not sure silver concourse tony gonzalez yeah i don't know where else he's gonna go you know better than gaskin yeah david montgomery to 75 jersey card nfc north premier level silver keen and alan afc west yeah that back of like popcorn hot dare although there's like almonds and cashews probably off out of the bottom had that yeah yeah because it's like a it's like a mix but it has like i guess almonds and cashews in it it must have off out of the bottom jamar chase the 99 jersey card for the afc north nice rookie jersey premier level silver rookie jets afc it's michael carter premier level light blue justin fields nfc north rookie great card 78 out of 99 bernie with the nfc north there you go man appreciate it club level silver cam jordan guessing bears keep their pick or trade it premier level light uh neon our line green brian ebbard's the 49 afc west club level silver rookie emir smith marcett nfc north silver rookie field level larry round true the third for the afc west wilson concourse maroon karson wenz for the afc south to 149 and ian book five out of five rookie green auto nfc south ian book it's a five premier level fields base silver erin jones silver concourse marshal falk who's going to be the best improved team next year could it could be a team like the bears everybody is sleeping dude concourse tricolor rookie nico collins afc south to 249 premier level silver jaylen hurts nfc east depends on draft and stuff i think the jets will be pretty improved that they can figure out qb whether wilson snaps out of it or they signed someone that will take him somewhere there's an xrc breeze hall afc east that guy stays healthy concourse rookie silver chris evans for the afc north laurence i feel like pats are pretty close but i could go one way or the other they could get worse or get better big swing it's 149 tyler boy jersey auto for the afc north trade for de hop get a coordinator i feel like that's pretty good though the bellichick defense i mean maybe not beat beat the bills a bunch but be better have a shot at him silver snapshots chase young etn concourse rookie silver afc south trade tyree kilda the patriots be great club level white nick bolton rookie for the afc west 26 at 35 premier level silver rookie jc hornet nfc south giant super bowl champs look at this guy this guy's on the one who is this joker that's deep silver concourse teddy two gloves he's trash i liked him i mean i'd still like him but i think that hit the head earlier this year there's nothing i told him i think well he did jack his knee up but he took a concussion one time where he was he got destroyed and his head i thought i thought he was on the right track in minnesota maybe not to be like a great quarterback but like there's a pretty big difference between him previously than afterwards you know he never really came back derrick car i mean derrick car like i said earlier it's it's like cults jets panthers dolphins dolphins potentially yeah sensation zack wilson premier level silver jc jackson who else maybe needs a quarterback i don't know because he's a he's like starter caliber i i don't know where he fits though tricolor concourse myles sanders at 249 nfc east concourse rookie silver elijah moray fc east i think they do too i i don't know if two is gonna play again i don't think so he honestly he should hope premier level silver rookie kenneth gainwell for the nfc east look at this guy just dropping money on super chats come on i have xbox uh series x what's up sin sin redemption coming and it's davante smith tie dye rookie signature memorabilia nfc east big car there for you gregory m nfc east doing very well tie dye jersey auto there brainy premier level white nice nfc south 19 of 35 love the uniform match on the color there megahy 1099 auto for the ravens that's why they have seen worth megahy no sgs knows what he's doing rookie selections there was at well premier level silver gates bucks being the cowboys would be kind of cool mac jones concourse base maroon concourse brainy nfc south again 71 of 149 concourse silver rookie michael carter a fc east silver club level irts nfc west chase field level rookie yeah i guarantee you my shirt is staying on premier level tricolor tie johnson a fc east 120 of 199 silver field level rookie kawan baker nfc south myles sanders michael gallup 1099 jersey card for the nfc east dolphins need to change our name that's what they need to do club level rookie silver michael carter a fc east how the dolphins has tried changing their name they haven't been good in so long they need to be uh i think this guy's the right dolphins baby let's go leviska on the uh tricolor field level to 75 a fc south concourse silver davante adams nfc north all right guys where should the dolphins change their name too yeah they gotta change your name that's this the only option i think yep change it change it to uh change it to the miami uh in guanas p cock bass yeah that's a good one the miami uh trash cans the tunas the tunas sea turtles sea turtles get out of here with that the adult dull fans concourse and so oh man that's brutal jeez dude guys want to talk being an eagles fan there you go tyler boy jersey north to 75 premier level silver rookie javante williams afc west the no fans the no fans oh oh Dolphins have fans they just all suffer michael carter the 199 jersey auto for the afc east tunas is good they could be the uh i can't think of anything man lance herbert on these silver snapshots premier level silver nixon rookie afc east miami mahi mahi it's pretty cool fish tacos because they're getting cooked this week try color club level tj watt afc north to 149 yeah hey at least your team's in it club level silver desert patrick afc i mean is that better that they're in it because i guess because i say that i fell into it i say that but the pats got stomped last year by the bills in this exact same game it's about to happen again yeah i uh i'm kind of glad i don't have to see that again i'm kind of glad the the pats suffering is over for now club level silver watt for the afc north mahi mahi yeah different kind of dolphin but yeah one good year with the panthers yeah they did they had a good year they did once uh try color rookie lorence there he is y'all there he is is he gonna get the dub i think we're all hoping they win right 235 out of 249 let's go jags i think either way whoever wins that game i mean you're getting a lorence or a herbert first playoff win that's awesome yeah wallerfield level silver and davontae smith premier level rookie good for uh good for uh cards right let's go dolphins silver concourse rookie davontae smith nfc east fahoko davin and goliath hey you never know never know exactly there's never a zero percent chance of winning you know club level blue afc north tj watts it's 99 a concourse uh blue debo samu the 199 nfc west rookie concourse over aziza gelari nfc east could start conchor's orange rookie kyle trask nfc south 48 or 49 raining cooks i mean if there's one thing the bills can do it's get a little sloppy at times yes and all allen's known to throw a few uh that's what i'm saying man in the old red zone he likes to have those turnovers he loves it and when it happens it happens a bunch it's not like it's a one off like they make a mistake they make a few concourse silver donald i hope they make a ton of i think they'll be locked in i don't i mean obviously it shouldn't happen they went on more games not but there's always that chance premier level blue enbook nfc south to 149 lavante david is 75 on the auto for the nfc south washington yeah washington is they're like the new cleveland the cleveland washington is the same team nowadays right they're just the same exact franchise the miami diaper barge whoa dang dude carl is shots fired dude he's he's dropping bombs diaper barge carlin shawne got some beef man carl ricky silver phenomenon afc east mac jones club level silver michael carter afc east rookie dude chat woke up now now they're hot yeah now they're hot what do you guys think i am sam yeah got club level try color stop back nfc east to 149 silver field level justin jefferson nfc north let's see a giant jag super bowl to tom kauflin bowl silver concourse gronk silver gronk course premier level try color davante parker afc east 159 of 199 premier level silver rookie trevor lorenz here you go afc south say me hot hands say me hot head cool that's what you should be called yeah silver concourse rookie joe try and shrink it nfc south exactly carl yeah that's true bring that man's name up how okay so hatred is real so sunday night is that game sand breaks again tuesday i can only imagine what's gonna happen to sam on tuesday i can only imagine it is gonna be it's gonna be pretty wild in here tuesday i think it's awesome gold nice marquise brown afc north nice hollywood six out of ten premier level haven't bired at 299 afc south silvarado does he know that durwin james is a uh is a first team all pro rookie try color ron delmore to 75 nfc south dude i'm being chat tomorrow hope you guys are in chat i'll be messing with sam talking about durwin james stuff all day get him get him going concourse rookie silver remandre afc east nice barry that's what's up barry that could be a gigantic that's huge right now that's a way that that thing goes through the 25 or shod bayman tie-dye rookie relic auto afc north nice hit sweet card there i hope to ravens beat the bangles i'd just be in a real like them and the dolphins you know silver selection zian book silver jaylen hurts premier level nfc east nice two thousand dollar payoff yeah that's massive try color say uh rashad bayman rookie concourse there's some glue splotches on this one if i get the right light yeah you can see right near the rookie logo i'll send a boxing rapper that might just come off 249 afc north hub level silver erin jones wilson people talk about them trading wilson it's just not gonna happen i can't give up outright on him right now you're stuck with him you know silver concourse tyree kill afc west you gotta bring a veteran in and see what happens honestly do what the niners are pretty much doing you know what i mean dk met cap to 35 on the jersey card nfc west can't pull no kaboom in here premier level silver rookie nfc salvage i can say kaboom on a big hit that's what we gotta do that's what's up barry appreciate you spread the good word absolutely oh lakers cut at the 15 oh boy all right box six again everybody personals are full tonight more personals tomorrow night after group breaks it's a chase field level for the afc north spectra release in tomorrow spectra football group break started 11 a.m eastern with sam and Blake 1099 a rojo jersey nfc sound premier level silver rookie nwang wu nfc nfc north all right guys prediction time who's gonna be the super bowl mvp zebra here zebra teddy two gloves concourse for the afc west afc west club level silver cam jordan tricolor concourse rookie nazi harris afc north to 249 club level silver cori davis jaylen waddle premier level i think it'll be josh alan who do you think now who do you want who do i want trevor merseth for a set eight of 10 on the gold rpa nfc north mohomes and alan are probably i would assume the leaders right now for a super bowl mvp this probably hurts and burrow can in one blue rookie concourse silver i think it's gonna be tom brady i think it's gonna be tom brady tom brady going for eight fonte and mac diami brown rookie tricolor field level to 75 nfc east hasan retic maybe uh scholar thompson premier level tricolor how to come here and see south it's a 199 that's a good rookie concourse silver uh kyle pits nfc south uh they could beat him in the nfc championship game a gold justin fields rookie phenomenon nfc north congrats a nfc north eight of 10 on the gold insert concourse rookie silver erik soaks nfc uh north all you're gonna see is him shaking his head and rolling his eyes when sam's breaking pure pain tricolor club a fc west dan fouts to 149 concourse silver debo silver field level elisha more feral france harkinson auto to 25 nfc north good box for the nfc north giant sort of vikings is a lock oh boy oh boy sgs be talking out here hit some super fractures guy gets all crazy tom brady phenomenon silver nfc south premier level silver rookie nfc south payton turner he's a true new yorker he is a true new yorker through and through if you if you took a poll in the state of new york it'd be like 95 giants over the bike giants all day yet about it now sam's the one turning bright red shan's the one that's just suffering lakers cut at the 14 they're making a huge comeback now silver to us snapshots a fc east premier level silver rookie zack wilson a fc east 12 point lead uh oh mavericks oh mavericks silver sensations trail ants nfc west club level silver dwayne escridge the scridge that's your rolling vp right there dwayne escridge seahawks get there club level tricolor jaylen waddle to 149 a fc east field level silver elway anybody knows the scratch we want to break with them what's going on greg salva fields goff on the division hey premier level light blue rookie ian book followed by its hide eye tray hendrickson a fc north club level six at 25 club levels over my homes now a fc west at the end the book premier level light blue to 99 yeah greg it's a little chilly here obviously the ice cold but it's cold here you gotta be freezing i was gonna say what is like in the 60s outside yeah conqueror circuit silver kylan granson a fc south yes it's super nice right now it is always sunny in here a little too sunny yeah gave davis a 75 jersey card a fc east premier level silver my home is for the a fc west club level red rousseau to 49 a fc east conqueror silver rookie here is tony nfc north or nfc east sorry right now he's on my little prank now so you gotta give it a you gotta cool it off yeah you gotta get them ones not ready in book to 99 rookie jersey auto nfc south that's a good idea though is if they lose right the score i like the filler and like sneak it in when he you got he has to be like riled up and like focusing on like something else you know that's a good one i like it that's what carl's saying i like conqueror circuit silver nfc south tuba hovered i'm definitely doing that carl a great idea fields concourse mac concourse rookie blue a fc east 183 of 199 mac jones we'll get that one mag premier level silver dwayne askridge rookie or just do one that says bangles of trash not raven's trash silver ryan tana hill another mac eco got a mere smarth set red concourse to 99 nfc north sam hovered at 299 on the auto a fc north yeah grad four said the same thing it's gonna be chilly sunday yeah it'd be definitely chilly here this weekend so we're getting that front that's every this cold everywhere else we're gonna be in the 30s here again i missed it last time wasn't it get that Florida cool this weird man it gets like it gets pretty cold that humidity hits you bro i ain't not like no eight degrees that's true that's true negative seven moon show concourse rookie blue collin granson and 199 a fc south a jackson is 75 on the nfc north auto silver sensations t law a fc south club level silver d hop future patriot d hop apparently is what everybody's saying on the internet right now st brown rookie premier level favorite rip on stream got nico collins ricky field level blue to 49 a fc south barmore rookie field level silver a fc east favorite to rip on stream it's like the same thing i think concourse silver ricky chris evans a fc uh north oh no man i like ripping star wars chrome galaxy i like ripping merlin chrome soccer concourse rookie silver travis etn jr a fc south the cup hockey it might be that might be the most fun to rip upper deck the cup so good to 99 anthony schwarz jersey auto rookie for the a fc north sup greg you have the nfc east and you've got a pretty good break so far i'd say uh club level blue a fc east gray grousseau to 99 concourse silver marshal falc silver tractor cto a fc south premier level silver jalen darton nfc south rookie that's what i'm saying paul we need to break some more hockey around here last ones are fun don't ask shawn that but last ones are fun uh richie grant concourse white nfc south rookie the 35 club level silver tray lance nfc west rookie chase concourse silver concourse smith marsette rookie nfc north concourse maroon rookie kyle trask nfc south to 149 premier level silver ricky ron delmore nfc west manatees manatees kaleb's also manatees when the blue springs oh did he yeah he said he said he saw like 200 manatees i'm like what oh wow that's a lot dude yeah dude i used to swim in there all the time in the summers oh yeah that was the best to 99 rookie jersey michael carter a fc east i was talking about miami t it must be behind in the stream the premier level silver ricky jamar jefferson nfc north must be behind in the stream miami manatees it's not bad it's just not very football less manatees are cool it's not for like a mascot i guess miami mondays that's what we'll call them they give you case the mondays they make monday come early every every time oh yeah bj for sure you gotta hold it over his head big palm rookie blue field level it's a 49 and a fc west and a silver club level mac jones a fc east miami misery the miami lakers that's what we'll call them silver kenneth gainwell rookie nfc east field level the baltimore whatever we change the baltimore team name baltimore trash the baltimore bums club level tricolor jalen waddle because once lamar leaves they're gonna be trashed 149 and the ricky jalen waddle nice car there a fc east ricky williams avc east auto to 75 silver davante adam snapshots nfc north silver concourse queen of williams avc east what am i doing here tyson williams of 199 ricky jersey auto uh a fc north premier level tricolor ricky nfc south rank darby till 199 jim kelly yeah i kept talking about dumb and dumber than i can't believe lake had never seen it i was like what dude guys so if you didn't know blake has never seen dumb and dumber oh my god concourse ricky silver afc east so good mac jones how's like you literally have to go watch it as soon as you possibly can it might be the best comedy of all time that's one of the best yeah like if not it's like it's it's one of yeah club level blue darn al muni to 99 nfc north premier level silver rookie darry gore afc west i don't know how but he did not he has not seen it a sauce garter xrc afc east both xrcs in the case so far have gone afc he's gone jet specifically go nice sauce concourse silver ricky anthony schwarz afc north super bad's good super bad's really good i i don't know if i laugh as much watching super bad though and i think that's how i would judge best of all time 135 rookie afc south davis mills the writing is super bad is for sure better like that's a perfectly written comedy rookie premier level silver joint asker j nfc west telly man murphy and martin lorenz i think there's better performances overall and like super bad with like bill hater and you know all the three main actors and then you have all the other supporting actors are hilarious set seth rogan i don't know that that makes me laugh a lot more though green field level here billy madison happy gilmore classics too no doubt kurtis martin field level jets color match green afc east 105 nice card there club level silver rookie chuba hubbard nfc south silver jail and waddle afc east rookie phenomenon conquer silver jared goff it says yes he was all over the place all the time john wakeboard oh six point game i was joking earlier but they're actually they're actually they're actually within six it's like if luke ain't cooking the mabs the mabs ain't cooking they go when luke goes ain't no one else there to save them chase base a redemption here coming kyle pits nfc south jumbo rookie signature swatches prism nfc south ron delmore premier level silver elie michel for the nfc west hey man y'all lions fans go believe in and jared goff you do you do that you do that concourse maroon davante adams nfc north number 249 concourse silver rookie zack wilson afc east he's a fine quarterback he's above average but he showed he cannot get it done on the biggest stage that staffer wasn't even that good and he's the one with the rams like he was good enough yeah premier level silver jerry judy yeah a level silver rookie dad's new cement nfc north oh he's good he's good maybe it's different now i don't know man premier level tri-color jim kelly to 199 afc east silver field level you know you don't want the panthers to take a quarterback this year or are they even drafting scridged club level i'm sorry your panthers may be dude that's got to be tough ever since like i mean ever since came to solar surgery it's just been not good not good concourse rookie purple afc north chris evans to 75 concourse rookie silver rachon slater afc west that's a shame that he went down like that he was he was like the most fun to watch he won mvp with like ted ginn as his leading receiver like we're talking to someone that was on the verge of becoming like the next elite qb and he got hurt in collins and then that was it happens a lot though yeah for someone that didn't have the best mechanics to begin with 99 some people hoku nfc east jeff saturday to 25 afc south tie-dye auto mac jones yeah i wonder if the panthers take someone like will levis at nine it'd be interesting to see what happened because i i'm young and shroud will be gone but by nine for sure trey lance club level gamus winston tricolor concourse to 49 nfc south juju so i wonder if though i don't think levis is too much of a project to put into carolina i think carolina needs the weight for like kaleb williams if they can or something concourse silver mohomes yeah i think i think levis could be a pretty big levis the upside is high but the risk is also very high weird things happen on nfl draft season though guys get this crazy hype and everyone watches the workouts this guy's gonna be throwing like 60 yards we're throwing bullets and dimes everywhere it's so different in a game though uh nope jim we broke all of our transcendent when we had it so all of it went the last of it went on new year's eve silver erin rogers nfc nfc north eckler club level silver for the afc west i mean corral was like a later pick i don't know if he's the future but he deserves a chance i think if they're not going to draft one to 249 concourse tricolor sam donald nfc south club level silver juju at well nfc west the goodness for the panthers is though they look good down the stretch though like once they got rid of that that idiot that was their coach and like got an interim there like changed it up a bit they look better like dj morris still a beast mac jones afc east field level and like donald looked okay like he's oh this guy's serviceable now so the coaching change helped a lot i think it should help going forward nice chase premiere level to 199 afc north and a field level rookie silver jamar chase afc north johnson yeah dude that's what the pats are gonna take concourse rookie silver afc spooky basham dude the pats might draft sam fields premiere level white rookie cadarius tony nfc east to 35 that's rough nice tony silver russ uh we don't have any transcendent personal start after this and they're full tricolor concourse rookie ron delmore to 249 nfc west dev McCordy silver auto aves east no more transcendent one of one nfc west 22 at well wow crazy ram logo patch auto look at that congrats nfc west that's sick looking selections mac jones silver jt silver i mean you could tell i'm not saying like baker and donald are good but you could tell when both of those guys are struggling like bad in carolina that there was more than just them so 35 jersey card nfc east terry mc loren premiere level silver rookie alman rossin brown nfc north yeah like those guys aren't like gonna lead you to like a bunch of victories or anything but they were looking just bad with matt rule there that whole team probably was just waiting for one of him to get fired club level rookie tricolor greg russo aves east to 149 concourse rookie nuka collins aFC south jones club level silver fields rookie concourse nfc north subprobe last box everybody we've got a recap here baker over donald i'd say bake over donald just because baker has that he always has that all that chance that slim chance and he's just gonna like have it and like have that swagger and go off that's that's what the that's difference right you know i mean like that again with the rams he was like bake he's like baker bake premiere level tricolor etn aFC south to 199 a premiere level silver rogers nfc north gonna send a box and i brought the rogers it does have a ding on it so if like backup purposes baker probably you know better backup and he seems like he seemed like a good teammate like every like i don't know like he seems like he's got good energy like when he's with the team but what is that good for if you're not good if you're not that good right silver concourse burrow aFC north i mean hey anyone gets drafted by cleveland it's you kind of you're in trouble they're they're they're getting your graves on ready already laurence club level fohoco rookie nfc east to 99 premiere level silver elijah more aFC east anyway there's our final xrc it is a trail on berksh for the aFC south we go all base xrc it's pretty solid ones though dm brown a nfc east rookie silver yeah it was definitely a mat rule problem in carolina that was their biggest problem i'll say purple rookie concourse tevante williams is 75 nfc west club level silver dm brown nfc east somebody go get a bag of the red starburst unwrapped them all put the wrapper in the bag and then put the bag in this next we're talking about carl that fields to 99 jersey card trail ants nfc west lakers within one uh-oh premier level silver rookie seth williams at aFC west we start pranking sam he's gonna lose it dude i'm all about it tie-dye club level terrace marshall jr rookie nfc south nice car there six at 25 level silver tray hendrickson oh dude let's slash his tires that's a great prank let's do it jillan rager to 75 jersey out of nfc east let's steal his license plate then how you're gonna drive around you baby rookie concourse over me or smith marc seth nfc north hide his phone in the ceiling that would be all right that'd be insane that'd be great you have to turn the ringer on at least silver field level chris carter nfc north we could put his phone in jello or put all the the box cutters in jello premier level blue derrick henry nfc south oh nice adjust in jefferson auto to 49 and nfc north go nfc north we'll get that magged for you there's a bit of dust on it too rookie selections trevor loren save c south silver winston silver jc young all right let's do that recap let's do that hockey yeah terrace is pretty solid they got they got i mean they have decent you know decent players there so all right we had uh relics trey lance chair mclauren davis mills michael carter gabriel davis ronald jones the second dk metcaptile the boy michael gallup jimard chase and david montgomery autos jalen reyger devon mccordy jeff saturday redemption nfc south jumbo rookie signature swatches of kyle pitts tyson williams ricky williams anthony schwarz eddy jackson sam hovert yin book france harkington gold rpa miersmith marcette tie-dye uh patrick yardo rashad bateman kevin byard levante david michael carter willis mighehy tom brady premier level white feel like that should be in the recap there 19 of 35 nice white nfc south there nfc east tie-dye levante smith redemption here rookie signature memorabilia tie-dye ought to be sick when you get that one tyler boy jersey auto green auto ian book tie-dye dante high tower auto travis etn purple that's a sick one purple and teal always looks good rpa mags cars we had jesson jepperson uh auto to 49 one of one two two at well the rams logo patch auto mac jones concourse blue to 199 gold phenomenon jesson fields nfc north to 10 blue premier level light blue jesson fields to 99 and gold concourse nfc east daniel jones one out of 10 that's going to do it thanks again everybody


So, this is a joint work with Giorgio Urcaleri, who is an assistant professor at University of Lorraine. So, it's in France. Ben Mosley in CMU, I know where that is, everybody, Kim Thang, who is my host, I'm a host doc at every, and he's my host. He's also in, it's in France, and in Interestum. So, I've been looking for non-preemptive scheduling for a long time almost, and this is one of the latest result that we have come up with in a series of that work that we have been doing. So, start with the problem definition, which is brief, straightforward, very simple. So, you have M-related machines. Related machines means that you have speed for each machine. So, machine I here has speed SI. So, the faster the speed, the faster you execute the job or reprocess the job. And you have sets of jobs. So, the job has different characteristics. So, one is the processing requirement, it's noted by PJ. That means it takes that amount of time to execute on a machine where the speed is unit. If it is, the speed is twice, it says PJ over two. You have a release date, which means that job arrives at RJ. That means job is ready for execution only after RJ. So, before RJ, it's not available for execution. And you have weights, which is, gives the job important ways. So, the higher the weight, the higher the job is important for you. And the goal here is to design a non-preemptive schedule. So, the non-preemptive schedule would mean that you start at particular time and execute the job until it's completion. You can't, you know, stop in between, do context switch and then come back to it or resume it. It's not allowed. And the objective is you're trying to minimize the maximum weighted flow time. So, the maximum weighted flow time is basically the response time, how long the job remains in the system. So, assume that you have designed some kind of algorithm, which schedules the job at some point. And it's completion time when the execution completes the CJ. So, CJ minus RJ is basically the quantity the job remains in your system. So, this includes two things. It has weighting time and it has processing time. And you're trying to minimize the maximum, so it's L infinity norm, that's all. So, there's a one on L1 norm that we have done before and in general LP norm. And then specifically on this L infinity norm, because we can improve the results from using some techniques from previous works. OK. So, this is the problem. So, what's the model that we are looking into? So, one is that job arrives online. So, you don't know about the job's characteristics before it arrives. So, what is the RJ? What is the processing time and what is its weight? Nothing. So, you know when it arrives only. And we're looking at worst case, basically. And when the job arrives, you know it's processing time and its weight. So, this is called in scheduling as Clare-O-Ant. So, there's a non-Clare-O-Ant model where you don't know the processing time.  But here we assume that we know the processing time. So, what we are going to look is something called as competitive ratio, just to increase everybody's not from online algorithms. So, here the objective value that you're trying to minimize with respect to the offline optimal. So, the offline optimal actually knows the instance beforehand. It knows what jobs are going to arrive, when it is going to arrive. It has all those properties beforehand and it decides the schedule, whereas you are trying to do online scheduling. So, you don't know anything about future. So, there's a huge, you can say, lack between what the optimal will look like. It has a lot of more power in some sense compared to you. So, given this, we are trying to find this ratio and trying to minimize it. So, what is known is that if your weights are equal or one, that is a vitically unweighted case, in that you can have simple first-come, first-serve and you can get a three-approximation, a three competitive ratio. Then there was a result which gives 13.5, which was later improved to 12.5, on a related set of machines. So, identical set of machine, it takes pj amount of time on each machine. It takes pj on machine with, so all the machines have same speed, basically. It's just a parallel set of machines that you're trying to execute. So, as I remember, this algorithm is basically for a preemptive algorithm. So, it's not non-preemptive. And when you have weights, it has been shown that there is a strong lower bound. So, the question is, what to do now? It has also been shown that a lot of work that people do in practical that they have shown, there are a lot of heuristics which work good. So, there should be somewhere that you should be able to say that certain algorithms are good and certain algorithms are bad. So, in this domain, something is used as a resource augmentation, which is pretty common. So, resource augmentation is that algorithms are allowed to use a little bit of extra resources. And so, you can think about you have having, so the first one is you have having a higher speed. So, basically, you can think about in each time unit, you're trying to execute one plus epsilon. So, it was, let's say, speed was one. Then, in one time unit, you execute one time unit of a job. But with higher speed, you will execute one plus epsilon unit of a job. So, just epsilon higher. And there's also, similarly, more number of machines. So, maybe, optimal algorithm has M machines. And you have M times one plus epsilon, a slightly higher number of machines. And it's very old work. But I can't tell you a number of papers that have come up on this area, at least 100 papers on this alone, how much you can use this kind of model to actually give different algorithms and show that they are good in this certain models. And in 2015, Chaudhary et al. they proposed a model. So, in this model, they said that you can actually reject certain number of jobs. So, instead of executing all the jobs, let's say in instance I, you take I into one minus epsilon. So, you don't execute or don't compute your object value on the epsilon factor of the jobs, but rest of them you compute. It's a kind of resource augmentation where you can think that you have certain number of more machines which can take these epsilon jobs and run them separately without worrying about the objective going very bad. And in this sense, now, the competitive ratios definition is redefined. So, now, you have algorithm solution using resource augmentation, whereas the optimal is not using resource augmentation. So, I'm going to talk about rejection mostly. Think about you are rejecting jobs, but your algorithm has to execute all the jobs. So, basically now, even though it knows entire instance beforehand, you have kind of taken certain, you know, power from it, in certain sense. Or you have given more power to your absorbance, some of your fairness. I said this is a lot of work has been done. So, some of the work which is currently, which is practically related to the problem that I'm talking about is, it's known as speed augmentation model. So, the first one is, talks about actually weighted problem, and it shows that, OK, if you get epsilon c, you can get a constant competitive ratio. And similarly, so there are multiple individuals, but all of them, as I remember, these are all in the settings where either you have weights equals to 1, or they are preemptive in nature. And the rejection paper that came itself proposed a competitive ratio, but they have done it on a preemptive problem, not on a non-preemptive problem. So, non-preemptible are much harder than preemptive. So, what do we show is that you can get a constant competitive ratio if you reject epsilon fractions of job. Basically, this theorem says, it's not exactly the statement of theorem, but it says that you can get a constant approximation, a constant competitive ratio if you don't execute epsilon fractions of job. So, first I'll try to talk about how the idea comes up, what is the intuition behind it, and then try to give, you know, something about the algorithm, but not the entire proof. So, nowhere you will find a lot of maths, at least from my perspective, it's not a lot of maths. So, assume all weights are 1, very simple problem. And you have a single machine, not multiple machines. So, what you know is that the maximum processing time is W, F, sorry. So, you're assuming that F is what the optimal looks like, the optimal quantity that you're trying to optimize. So, what you can do is, you can take a very large interval, a very huge interval, and think about all the jobs which are released during this interval. So, what happens? There are a lot number of jobs, because there are a lot number of, the interval is quite huge, and you're trying to pack all the jobs within this interval. So, all the jobs which are released in this interval, you pack them there itself. You really don't care about the jobs which are released here or here. And the idea is that, since you have a lot number of jobs, maybe you can reject one of the jobs, a certain number of jobs, and fit all the jobs within that interval. So, if you can do that, then you can take each interval separately, and schedule it independently kind of thing. So, the argument is that, if there is no space to schedule, that means there are at least one over epsilon jobs, because the maximum processing time is there, so you can just figure it out from there. So, huge number of jobs you have. You can reject this job. It's not really, you're rejecting very small fraction. But the assumption is that, here, is that, if the job is released here, you schedule it in the interval. If a job is released, let's say, at this point, red job, then also you schedule it before the time. So, this is not exactly trying to follow the release dates. So, how did you do that? It's pretty straightforward. You make an offline schedule, where you try to fit every job that is released during this interval, and then schedule it in the next interval. So, something along this line. You're actually delaying it only two times. So, first you collect the job in one interval, and then you schedule it in the next interval. That's the basic idea behind it. So, now, this is on a single machine. This is with just a single weight. So, the point is, how do we go from, to the multiple weights, and multiple machines? What do we do? So, this is just an idea. We classify jobs into multiple classes, according to weights. So, we say, OK, the weights are basically from one to two, around the time, and that's basically with each class. We're going to reject in each class some jobs to create the space, and then we're going to start designing an offline schedule, which is basically from max weight to main weight. So, first, we give priority to scheduling higher weight of jobs, because their objective value is higher. They have high weights. And then, use offline this assignment to figure out, in online, where to exactly schedule the job. And then, again, we'll do some more rejections, because they will be overlapped because of different weights. They will be overlapped in intervals. To compensate, you have to reject, again, certain number of jobs. And then, you're going to schedule the remaining jobs non-prematively. So, OK, I'll detail out at least some part of it, not the proof. So, again, the objective that you're trying to minimize is max this quantity. You have sets of machine. So, what you do is you index your machine according to their speed. So, S1 has a higher speed, where SM has a lower speed here. Assume that F is optimal. So, understand that the problem is online. So, even if you assume F is optimal, it's not sure that you can derive an algorithm, which can actually schedule it, because you don't know the future jobs. So, the only assumption is that you know optimal. And at some point, we will figure out how to remove that knowledge on F anyway. So, assume that you know the objective value F. Can you design a schedule? Now, the problem becomes like this. So, what we say that, OK, J is valid on some machine, where this objective is less than F. What it means exactly, if we pick the J and schedule on that machine, can the job be scheduled on that particular machine or not? So, if you look at the valid set of machines for a particular job, then optimal will also schedule the job on one of these machines. And so, now what we do, as I said, we are going to use rounding. So, we round the weights of each job to the form of 1 over epsilon to the k. So, we round down the jobs, basically. So, J belongs to class k, if its weight is between 1 over epsilon to the k, 1 over epsilon to the k plus 1. So, this will lose a factor of 1 over epsilon in the final final result. So, now what you do is, in a single machine case, for whenever weights were 1, we were trying to create intervals. So, now we are trying to create intervals for different weight classes. So, assume that you have a weight class this. So, basically, the job will have a weight 1 over epsilon to the k. And for this, you have different intervals. So, the idea would be that if a job is released in this interval, it will be scheduled somehow, to make some algorithm in that interval. Similarly, for this particular weight, which is smaller, and so on and so forth. What is also interesting is that these weight classes are nested. So, in this particular example, you can see that the interval size is f to the epsilon to the k over epsilon cube. So, you can think about this epsilon cube as epsilon to the c, any large value. The cube is there just because it fits in our example. But you can think about large, huge size of an interval. So, what does it say? If you look at it, so the maximum processing time of a job is basically f times epsilon to the k. This is the optimal quantity. It's w times pj. So, w is 1 over epsilon to the k. So, pj is going to be at most this quantity. This means if you have an interval of that size, they are going to be at least 1 over epsilon to the cube jobs, which can be scheduled in that interval particularly. And then we say that j belongs to certain type k l, when j is of type class k. So, it basically weights some weight. It is released in this interval. So, exactly if a job is released in this interval, we say that it belongs to this class k, which is basically depends on its weight, and at what time it is released. So, again, so what we do is we reject. As I said, we are going to reject small fractions of jobs and we execute everybody else. So, the idea is that, assume that j k l here denotes all the sets of jobs, a lot of type k l. And again, what does it mean of being a type k l? That means w j is in this form, and its release time is somewhere in this interval. Take all these jobs. Sort them in the descending order of the processing time. Once you have that, you reject first epsilon square fractions of jobs. So, the argument is that, since you are rejecting epsilon square heaviest, largest volume jobs, you are having, you are rejecting at least epsilon square by volume. So, you are creating that much of space. And since the weights are rounded, you are rejecting at most other epsilon total weights of jobs. So, weights are rounded down. So, you might have more rejections of, because of you are rejecting higher weights maybe. But still it is ok, because we are rejecting order of epsilon. Now, it might be that you do not have that many of jobs to reject in the first place. And this part is basically to ensure that actually you are rejecting something. Otherwise, you can have at every level 1 over epsilon minus 1 jobs, and you never reject any job. So, to ensure that you are actually rejecting some jobs, and you are creating space which we need in the argument, you make sure that if you happen to have one level higher, you reject one job for every 1 over epsilon jobs. And for every job that is 2 levels higher, you reject at least one job. Because when you take the weights, this is 1 over order of epsilon weights rejection. And this is again order of epsilon weight rejection, even less than that. So, it might look like that for the same job, we are rejecting at multiple level many jobs. But since they are rounded, when you sum it up, it's become a geometric, and it's at most 2 times the epsilon. So, what we can show is that your algorithm rejects at most all the epsilon fraction of total volume of job. So, we have created for an interval epsilon square volume of rejection. So, we have shown, OK, that you have rejected epsilon square of jobs for each interval somehow. And the argument, I am not sure to prove, but proof is based on, so you can make a KRA tree, talk about rejected jobs and the leaves. And you try to associate the rejected jobs with the leaf, and then argue that if you have that many of rejections at leaf itself, then you can talk about higher levels, because every time you give a higher level, you will reject that jobs anyway. So, it's OK. The proof is technical, but it's almost pretty straightforward. So, when we have done rejection, we have to schedule the jobs. So now, we have set of non-rejected jobs. And we have to schedule them. The schedule is simple. You take the J, non-rejected job, find out the sets of machine where it is scheduled. You already have this set with you. And you start from the slowest machine, and you go to the fastest machine. So you first try to fix on the slowest machine. And if you cannot, you're second slowest, third slowest, and to the fastest machine. So basically, again, the same thing is like you schedule each non-rejected job on machines where you have these free slots. So this will create a preemptive schedule, but we really don't care. Because this is an offline schedule. When we will convert to the real schedule, that's where we need to be non-preemptive. So here, just the volume argument is enough. So what can we show is that, OK, this will output a preemptive schedule that ensures that if a job is released in IKL, it is scheduled in IKL, within the IKL. And the proof is basically a volume argument. We have shown that we have rejected epsilon squared of jobs. If you're not able to schedule a job, that means the whole interval is busy. So basically, you have these many volumes of job. But Optimal has at most this amount of jobs. So this is the counter argument that somehow it doesn't fit into your thing. And you can show that, OK, J has enough space anyway. So now the question is how to convert it to offline, to online. So there is a problem of different weights. So figure out that, OK, assume that in offline case, the job was actually scheduled here. But in online case, you will schedule the job after this interval, when the interval actually ends. Similarly, when you have completed the offline case, you have completed using all these jobs. But when you're actually scheduling, you're actually scheduling it later. So there are jobs which don't fit together. Because there are certain jobs which are released here, and they might be scheduled here. This is not how you decided to schedule the jobs prior. So fitting might be a problem. But you can do the same trick here. Think about taking a large number of intervals itself, and then delete one of the complete intervals, epsilon fractions of jobs within that interval, create a space. So I'm not going to detail because it's the same thing that we have shown before. It's just same volume argument will go there also. You just reject more jobs, that's all. As I said, it basically delays the job by this quantity. So now you can take one over epsilon, one over epsilon cube, whatever, number of intervals, and delete all the jobs in one of these intervals that are released. So you have enough space to schedule the rest of the jobs. And you can show that all non-rejected jobs are scheduled in basically, for class case, scheduled basically in this size of interval. I think it's 2C, should be. So now the question is that when we are actually trying to schedule the job, our algorithm is you always pick the job with the highest weight class, and you schedule it, and then you go to the lower weight classes. It might be that these algorithms are non-primitive because you're scheduling a job, which is of lower weight at a particular point time interval, and there's a higher weight job available. So in that case, you can just reject the job. So what do you mean by that? If a job is running, a large job is running, so let's say that job j is running on some machine i, and one over epsilon jobs arrive of class k or k plus 1 or k. So you can reject the job. Yeah. You can reject, it should be one over epsilon square basically, but OK. You can reject the job j because you're rejecting one job over one over epsilon again, so it's epsilon factor. It's just a fitting argument. And what you show that for rest of the jobs, you can schedule it in f over 2 to the epsilon to the c. c is some constant, which is 3, I think, in our algorithm. So now the whole algorithm becomes non-primitive. Another question is that we assume that we know the f. So there's a standard technique in online algorithms when you're trying to remove the knowledge on f. It's usually a doubling trick. So start with the trivial assumption that f equals to 1. And every time you have to reject more than epsilon jobs, the proof has shown that if your assumption was right, you should have scheduled that many of jobs. So assumption was not there, you double it up. That means the optimal is also doubling up in a certain case. It's not, yeah, it is at most two factor away from you. And finally we can show that with all these tricks that you can get some constant factor approximation where f is the optimal solution. So you get 1 over epsilon to the 9. So yeah, so the concluding remarks, we've shown powers of rejection in a certain sense that prior to all these works, rejections were pretty focused on trying to handle cases where you have preemptions. But we've shown, OK, for non-preemptive we can get some good results, at least interesting. It has a scalability in the sense that it's not exactly what you mean. But scalability means you can reject more jobs and get closer to the optimal in a certain sense. Think like something like betas. You can have more time to run. So there are two open problems. So one is that we don't make immediate decisions. We let the job run. And then we reject at a certain point the job. The question is, can we make certain immediate decisions? And the second is, can we solve the problem on unrelated machines? So this work was actually, we were trying to solve this problem, which we were not able to solve, instead we solved this. So this problem is much harder, I think, because even in the preemptive, I think there is no results, which we often leverage to talk about in non-preemption also. So can you minimize unrelated machines? Unrelated machine basically means that for each machine, you have different processing time. So when the job arrives, you get a vector. And the pij, instead of pj, it becomes pij. So for each machine, you have different processing time. And they are unrelated. So maybe one job is faster on one machine, another job may be slower on that machine. So there is no relation whatsoever. So that's all. Thank you. So what was your design when you considered an N1 norm? Like here, you're considering N1, right? Yeah, N1 norm, you have 1 over epsilon to the cube. So you reject epsilon fractions of j, and you can get 1 over epsilon to the cube. Yeah, 1 over epsilon to the cube. You can tighten all these things, but it doesn't matter. Thanks.


The moment you all have been waiting for. I'm about to show you guys my setup, so get prepared. Oh, what is that? Don't hate, don't hate, man. I know my setup is awesome, 10 out of 10. Don't worry, man, one day you'll get there. I know it's the best setup you've ever seen. What is up, you guys? RealisticGavin here, and today we're gonna be playing some Shrek horror games. Now, I did go on GameJaw and I found like two or three Shrek games, hoping that they'd be at least decent, but knowing that it's GameJaw, they're either gonna be good or horribly bad. Oh, I don't know what awaits us in these so-called horror games, so let's go ahead and begin with our first Shrek horror game, .exe. Okay, it's loading. What? Why is Barney spinning? He's break dancing against a chicken. This is epic, man. All right, is it gonna start? Oh, okay. Play single layer, ogre, powered mode, ogre, easy mode. Why does Shrek look like that, though? All right, let's go ahead and put single layer. Dude, you can't even control it. Okay, how do I start? Okay, there you go. Beware, ogre. What is the part? Is the part where I run away? Wait, what? Nothing here unfinished? Thanks for viewing? Ooh, he's just got trolled. Wow, so much for a Shrek horror game, huh? All right, and now we move on to the Shrekening. Dude, what the heck is this? Oh my God, that is terrifying. Beware of ogre. All right, I don't remember Shrek looking like this, but whatever, man, let's just go ahead and put us in the new game. Dude, that is terrifying. Okay, oh, it's like we have begun. Okay, hold shift to run. Oh my gosh, okay, this doesn't look too bad, actually. But when you run for a long time, you become tired. Okay, cool. I got a good feeling about this. I don't know, guys. It seems a little too good to be true though. All right, I guess we head towards that light. There's like a glowing light over here. Let's go towards that. Although you do not want to head towards the light, you want to walk away from it most of the time. But in this case, we are ruthless and we don't care what awaits us. Okay, there it is, finally, geez. I'm like, damn, am I getting closer? Am I getting further away? Oh, there's a cabin. Okay, so I seem like we made it to the cabin in the woods. Dude, that is the longest chimney I've ever seen. What the heck? Who makes their chimney like 40 feet high? Oh, the tree just moved. Okay, hello. Oh, okay, the door opened. Is that a flashlight? You've been locked? Oh, great. Okay, I can't open it. Dude, we're trapped in here. Try to break the door. Okay, here goes nothing. Breakdown, click to open. Okay, nothing seems to happen. You feel onion smell. You feel onion smell? What does that even mean? The smell becomes stronger. Oh, it's Shrek and it comes to Varus. Dude, I think we're about to go shrek. What the heck is that? You dead? Dude, we just died to like, I don't even know what the heck that was, but I think it was supposed to be Shrek. Okay, menu, select episode prologue. Okay, is this the same one? It's the same freaking episode, isn't it? Yes, it is. Wow, we just got Shrekened and I don't know how I feel about it. Well, at least the game seems to be getting better as we go. Now we move on to Anticoments, Shadow of Shrek. Oh, okay. As I said, this game seems to be getting better as we keep moving on. Let's see how this one goes. Start. Oh, that's Shrek song. Hey, this looks like a puppet combo game, bro. Okay, this one might actually be the game. Okay, what? Game grumps? Oh my gosh. That is literally the guy that said the what? The what meme? What? Oh my gosh, that's him. I just noticed that. Oh, beware of the ogre. Okay, we gotta beware of the ogre because there seems to be a Shrek around. Okay, what? Dude, is that Shrek? Uh-oh, okay, the posters are leading this way. Dude, is that Shrek or not? Hello there, Shrek. Why does it look like he has long hair? Oh, he has an outfit. Ooh! Wait, what's going on? What? Dude, what is going on? What? What? Have layers. Onions have layers? Onions have layers. Ogres have layers. I need to watch the Shrek movies over, man. I haven't watched them in a while. It's like a ritual. You gotta watch them every once in a while. My goodness. Oh, it was just a nightmare. Hello there, freaky radio. Oh my gosh, season's greetings? One, you know. Bruh, I thought I was saying the numbers there, but I don't think it is.  But he's made it, he's a pancake. He's not even a person. What is this game? Oh, okay, it seems like we have to follow the trail. You know what, screw the trail, I'm gonna cut it here.  Ah, see you later. Dude, why are we jumping so freaking high and far? It's like there's no gravity here. No, at least there is some type of gravity. Okay, we can't jump anymore. Why? I wanna jump far. Why can I not do the long jump again? That was almost similar to a Hulk jump. That was pretty darn awesome because Hulk is also green. You get it, green shrek, you know what, whatever. Is that shrek on the floor? Dude, that's a giant shrek. I don't know, oh, it's a balloon. My gosh, what the heck? What is going on in this place, yo? No, I'll keep my change. I need to buy myself something at 7-Eleven. Okay, Carol never wore her safety goggles. Now she can't. Why? Now she can't see why kids love the taste of cinnamon toast crunch. What? What is taste and vision have to do? You know what, let's go in here. Turn it off. Okay, I don't know if I should be concerned for my life or not because the game just closed. This is the part where you're supposed to run away. I went. What does that mean? I don't know what that means.  Is this A.O. Oni? No, this is not A.O. Oni, is it? Shrek? Is this A.O. Oni? I think this is A.O. Oni. The shrek version. Okay, let's go down here. Oh my gosh, I think I just found the best game ever made in the entire humanity. Okay, what is this? Shrek? Shrek William. Hello, Shrek. Where can I find the almighty Shrek? Okay, that is the Pixar clouds, but that is not Shrek. Great. Wait, was that Shrek pizza? I think it was. Where the heck is the green guy?  Okay, I don't know how I feel about this game anymore. I think I found in love with it. Oh, what? Is that a 64 with Shrek on it? Super Nintendo with Shrek? It is. This is epic. Okay, what is that? Star Fox 64? What you guys know about that, man? Crab, Nicholson, Extremes, people. This is the strangest, most awesome thing I've witnessed. Okay, um, do we go here? No, I fell. All right, here goes, wait, I can climb up. Okay. Hey, I guess we were supposed to throw ourselves. Dude, why is the screen dark? I can't see anything. Am I in Shrek heaven? Guys, I think we made it to the Shrek heaven. What is this? What am I witnessing, man? Oh. What is this, dude? What is Shrek heaven? Hey. I don't know what I got myself into, guys. I thought I was just gonna play some Shrek games, and this is what happened, man. That's what happens when you try to go find some Shrek games that are scary. Nice, and now we got another one of these things that says you're next, but I can't alter Shrek face. I see it now. I'm like, I can't really see what it is, but it's a Shrek face. And I think that is really the end of the game, you guys, because the actual game itself closed down, which is kind of saddening because this game was, I don't know what the heck was this game, but it was definitely something different, man. All right, you guys, well, those were some scary Shrek games. If you guys want me to do another movie character or any type of character that you guys love or your favorite character, whatever, man. Let me know in the comments down below. I'll try to find the best horror games. So that is it for today's video. Thank you all for watching. Thank you all for the amazing support. As always, make sure to click the notification bell and hit notifications, smash the like button, subscribe and drop a comment, and I will see you all in the next one.


As you know in life just about everything has positives and negatives There's there's benefits to things and then there are drawbacks to things and they almost always working concert together When you add one you take away from something else And so they're they're good and bad things about virtually everything in life and the same is true of small groups There are advantages and there are certainly disadvantages to small groups as we're all aware as well So let's take a look at some of those, you know, one of the reasons we work in small groups and one of the Advantages and disadvantages to doing so as well as a couple of you know Broad tips that we can use to improve our group experiences So first let's take a look at some of the advantages some of the positives the pros the reasons we work in small groups first of all Shared decision-making that can make it easier for everybody both in the sense of you can feel more confident knowing that your decision is supported by Others and that you're sharing that load with others. You're sharing that responsibility with others You're also bringing in more perspectives in that decision-making and and it just kind of just spreads it out a little bit more It's not one individual and all the weights on them And and so it can just make decision-making a little bit easier in that sense Not necessarily the process of decision-making, of course But but the idea of decision-making can be benefited by working in a group We also have this idea of shared resources you bring in everybody brings in their own stuff you bring in not only your own physical resources and But but your own intellectual resources and you're in your you know Many hands make light work in a sense of you're all bringing things in and so you have the opportunity to share those things and work collaboratively together in an effective group you're working collaboratively and And filling in the gaps for other people you're bringing in people with skill sets that complement yours and and Working with them so that you're filling those gaps and you have those shared resources though people bring in different resources then You know some of this idea of synergy right synergy is Good idea that the one plus one equals three not just two But you know individually we might be able to do this and you can do that But when we get together we can multiply that and get even more than we could even just on our individual selves If that makes sense we push each other and can we we work together to fill the gaps we complement each other's Weaknesses we bring you know different things to the table and through all of that We drive each other to greater heights than we would achieve as as individuals as three individuals or four individuals or whatever That group effort brings that kind of exponential benefit of said synergy as well and just an exposure to diversity is another advantage to small groups it diversifies not just our Exposure to people from different cultures and different you know different nationalities and different races and things like that Which is fantastic. It broadens our exposure to that kind of diversity certainly and and broadens our world opens our world up in that regard Hopefully gives us you know We have direct experience with people from different cultures It gives us a whole new perspective on that culture and can really change the way we see people of different backgrounds Right, but also exposure to this intellectual diversity different ideas different ways of doing things that exposes us to those types of things Really broadens our horizon in that respect as well. So it just brings in new knowledge and new Interactions with people that we might not otherwise have and and just makes us a more complete Person even moving forward after that group experience is done. We still have that That knowledge and that that new information that new way of thinking That care that we carry with us even after that experience so that exposure to diversity in all forms is really really Important and a really big advantage of working in small groups Now again, we need to recognize though that there are some disadvantages some things that aren't as great about working in small groups First of all You may be in a group where it's unnecessary Where you think you have one person that has all these skills and can do this on their own and Everybody else is just kind of there for fluff right and just there to be there So you have to really identify as this group Necessary or is this a simple enough task or a specific enough task that it could be handled by one person and the rest of the people Here are really kind of Unnecessary and just kind of taking up their time. So we need to identify that that sometimes happens that the group may be unnecessary You may also encounter interpersonal challenges within a group anytime you put, you know a Group of people in a room There's the potential for these interpersonal conflicts to get in the way that you wouldn't have if you're working on your own Or maybe with just one person you get to choose But we're working with somebody who you know quite frankly brings something to the group that you may not have that you may need this person But at the same time they rub you the wrong way and just bring these Interpersonal challenges in some ways that you so that's and a disadvantage of working in groups is that you're gonna have these little conflicts You may also In a group see someone who's engaging in social loafing meaning they're just kind of Riding the coattails of the group. They're just hanging on and they're not really pitching in They're not really doing enough work and yet they're getting the credit for it because they're part of the group right there Part of that team so they're getting credit for what the team accomplishes, but they're really contributing anything. They're just kind of Again riding that wave And and and grabbing on the coattails the people that are in that group So you see that that's a disadvantage of small group that people engage in social loafing I mean, you know one final disadvantage is the potential for group think That you know all the people decide to jump off the cliff at the same time right because they all get Wrapped up in this idea that this is the right thing to do and they get blinders on toward some of the negatives that may happen You know the side of group think is one person leading the charge and and everybody falls in line Even though they're all again kind of falling off the cliff there So there's the potential for group think when you work in a group. We have to be cautious of that Now there are some things that we can do to improve our group experiences We're just going to talk broadly here because the rest of the series is going to be obviously about Specific things we can do to engage effectively in groups, but just some broad tips For just out of the gate things that we can do to improve our group experiences First of all, we can study effective techniques We can do what you're doing by following this series and and Engaging and learning about what it means to work in small groups What are some effective techniques and and tactics for working in group? How can we improve our own communication skills and and effectiveness in groups and what so we can study these things? It's these are skills we can learn we can learn how to Work better in groups and how to manage our group experiences better And so we can study these things and get better by learning about how to do these things So study effective techniques is one way that we can improve our group experiences Another thing when we're in a group we can meet as often as possible That doesn't mean we have to meet every day and that doesn't mean it has to take over our lives But we need to meet often. That's what allows us to develop those real Relational connections get to know those people and how they work and and draft off of one another share experiences things like that So we need to meet relatively often as a group if you're a group meeting once a year That's not going to be effective You got to meet not every day necessarily but as often as as you can in order to develop that group cohesiveness and really Gel together and find that shared identity. That's important in group work And then we can collaborate to establish group expectations at the very outside of a group We can get together and determine what is it? We're trying to accomplish what are what are the different roles we need filled in here And how can we best meet the needs of the group as individuals and contribute to that and develop that kind of synergy? But we can really you know establish some very specific expectations We can create we're going to talk about in other series, you know things like creating a group Charter a communication charter one of the expectations for response times in a group What are the expectations for how we will communicate and how we will collaborate even when we're not together? What are the expectations for how we will behave when we are together when we're meeting as a group? We can collaborate together to create a charter creates my expectations around What we're going to do what the expectations are and what's going to happen if people aren't following that? You know we can even determine that so we can establish our own kind of system and expectations in that work together To establish those right up front So there again good things and bad things about working as a group on the whole we find that effective groups Do better work in in complicated and complex problem-solving, you know Situations that individuals do so that's why we continue to have groups and be forced to kind of work in groups, right? So it can be effective in the right circumstances and when people put in the work But there are also disadvantages we need to recognize and try and minimize those things That's what we're going to focus on in the rest of this series some specific Details about how we can do that and tactics for doing that as we think about working in groups If you have questions about working in small groups communicating in small groups, feel free to email me I'd love to hear from you there in the meantime. I hope that you have in a Recognition of these advantages and also the disadvantages going into group with our eyes wide open But establishing some of those data and working with some of those tips and techniques that we can use to make this a more Effective experience for everyone involved in the small group


Lost city of Etsu-Noah. Although we may never know the true extent of the Aztec fight back against the conquistadors if they had been immune to smallpox, it can at least be agreed that the decimation by the Spanish in the Americas had far-reaching consequences that are still being reverberated to this very day. It has now been 500 years since the Aztec Empire collapsed under the strain and greed of the Spanish arrival, and the motives were sinister from the off. Convert to Catholicism and surrender your possessions or be murdered and robbed. The communications of such choices, of course, is the ignorance of the player in a crown who limits the need for others to be conscious in a closed, civilized existence. The discovery of the Americas by the Spanish signified the end of old ways, ways that were captured and preserved by the inhabitants of these lands since the survival of the Cataclysm. The knowledge lost to ignorance by these invaders is unprecedented. The cultural demise to a so-called superior religion is one of the most shocking examples of so-called ethnic cleansing in the history of the world. Make no mistake. The illnesses of the European explorers spread through the Native Americans. Populations were devastated and the survivors were forced to make a last stand against the invading infestation that weakened their spirit and bodies, much to their confusion at such an effect. It must have felt hopeless during these times, but their stories have at least prevailed. In the age of technology we take to the sky to see the things that we can't see on the ground and thanks to these technologies of new, a past is being recovered that these invaders would have had us completely forget about altogether. Gazing down on a Kansas pasture, one drone operator struck the discovery of a lifetime. Upon further investigation, it has now been confirmed to be buried remnants of a horseshoe-shaped ditch made almost 500 years ago by ancestors of today's Wichita and affiliated tribes, and it is thought to be part of the lost city of Etzanoa. Wait, till you hear this. Archaeologists believe that the cultural heritage of the Wichita may be traced back well over a thousand years to the Wachita River culture of Central and Western Oklahoma, where they enjoyed life living along fertile valleys. These people resided in small villages of rectangular mud plastered houses, hunting buffalo, elk, deer and small game, gradually collecting wild plants for foods, medicines and rituals, while making tools from readily available stone, wood bone and antler. Life was good and the land was plentiful. Some Wachita River people began to build larger villages with circular grass houses thought to have been built around 1351 but possibly earlier, some of which were heavily fortified. When first encountered by the Spanish around 1541, the ancestors of the Wichita were following a way of life that spanned many generations and even continued into the 18th century, a way of old telling stories of the before time. Thought to be a precataclysmic age from which these people had survived and re-emerged, the discovery of the horseshoe shaped ditch adds to suspicions that the Kansas site was part of a sprawling population center that Spanish explores of the Great Settlement in 1601. Called Etsonoa by a captive the Spanish took from the Great Settlement, it could turn out to be one of the largest Native American cities ever established north of Mexico. It confirmed by further research with the largest currently known as Cahokia, a site in what's now Illinois where as many as 20,000 people lived about a thousand years ago. Ancestrial Wichita communities in Kansas and Northern Oklahoma that date between around 1425 and 1650 existed in a time frame during which South American Incan civilizations rose and fell, according to common belief. In the 1800s, European settlers drove ancestral Wichita people from their native lands, leading to the destruction of their villages and communal traditions and values that were practiced for millennia. The newly discovered earthwork consists of a two meter wide ditch that forms a semi-circle about 50 meters across, which apparently is similar to other circular earthworks known as council circles. Five such circles have been found among 22 ancestral Wichita sites excavated along the Walnut River. Donald Blakesley of Wichita State University says that we apparently have located the six council circle and the only one that has not been disturbed. Farming and construction projects have damaged or covered many ancestral Wichita sites but this one seems preserved remarkably. Drone surveys can truly transform our ability to locate sites and map important features where huge areas have been plowed and surface traces of houses and ditches are often close to invisible, according to archaeologist Douglas Bamm from the University of Colorado Boulder who did not participate in the new study. It's unclear how ancestral Wichita people used council circles. Researchers have suggested that these structures were places for ritual ceremonies, houses of social elites or protection from attackers. Based on previous discoveries of items made of seashells and other exotic materials at council circles these structures must have hosted rituals of some kind and drone imagery alone can't establish whether rituals occurred at the buried earthwork or if. For now the drone discovery is a fascinating mystery. The city of Ezzanoa likely existed as a single spread out community. From 2015 to 2019 the excavation took place at the house family cattle ranch in southeastern Kansas that uncovered ancestral Wichita objects such as stone tools and cooking utensils as well as 17th century Spanish items including a horseshoe nail and even bullets. These fine supported Spanish documents and maps of Ezzanoa that resulted from the 1601 expedition to the Wichita territory and led the Kansas State Legislature in 2017 to designate the site and its surrounding area as the lost city of Ezzanoa. Aerial sweeps were conducted over grazing land at the cattle ranch where ancient structures had likely suffered minimal damage. Drone mounted equipment measured heat and radiation differences in the ground to detect buried structures. The underground earthwork at the house ranch lay near the highest point of the property. Overlooking the river valley with other circular earthworks of the ancestral Wichita and neighboring groups in the southern great plains were also built at elevated spots. Drone imagery also picked up signs of two pits one dug at or near each end of the semi-circular structure. Makers of the earthwork may have removed soil from the pits to construct mounds inside its borders as has been observed at excavated council circles in the region while erosion may have partly worn away what was originally a circular earthwork according to the Science News Journal. Further plans to explore more underground features of the Kansas site with additional remote sensing techniques are underway before starting excavations in early 2021 so that digging can precisely target the earthwork and any surrounding remains which will also up the likelihood of uncovering materials suitable for radiocarbon dating and revealing the true age of the structure which is a very exciting prospect indeed in our opinion but what do you guys think about this latest discovery of the lost history of the great settlement of the Native Americans? Comments below and as always thank you for watching. Well we're practically in the center of a Native American town that was called Etzanawa that was visited by the Spanish in 1601 AD and eyewitnesses from that expedition reported that the town was on both sides of the river at least five miles long with roughly 20,000 inhabitants far more than anyone expected for a town on the Great Plains. It absolutely changes our our view of the plains at that early time period there were probably other large settlements to the north also occupied by ancestral Wichita a town up in northwestern Iowa is now estimated at 10,000 more large places up in North Dakota so rather than the TP dwelling folks of the Hollywood image a far different view of settled people processing bison in industrial quantities trading with people at great distances speaking a variety of languages why here excellent water of the springs all along the bluff here provide pure water plenty of trees ready access to the bison herds further away well research here is going to continue long after I'm gone we're just getting started sampling some spots in the town there's plenty been excavated already and we want to compare between places within the town to see what differences there might be and to try to track the chronology of the place we know it was occupied for roughly 300 years but we don't know how big it was when it started we only know how big it was in 1601