Distinguished delegates, dear colleagues, welcome back from the break. This is a very important segment of our council meeting this week. And I'm particularly proud to be able to moderate this session. Because this is all about what we call our flagship publication, the World Migration Report. And I think you'll shortly receive a copy of this fairly weighty tome. And I think one of the most interesting and important world migration reports that we've done since we started producing these in the year 2000. It speaks to the question of how we make sense of migration in an increasingly interconnected world that often seems very disconnected to us. So I think you'll find this volume very interesting. We have a group of very, very qualified and imminent speakers here. Let me first make a few, very few brief remarks because you're here to hear the speakers. You've probably heard enough of me already today. But I would like to set the scene by reminding us all again that we are living in a world on the move and that we, more than any other time in history, migration has become part of our life in a more conscious way than perhaps in the past. It is the quintessential cross-cutting issue. And I'm very fond of IOM's mandate. I think it's the best mandate in the European, in the entire UN family. Because literally migration touches everything and there's very little that we cannot do under that mandate if member states or migrants find it necessary. So I won't give you the figures again, you've had all the figures about the billion people on the move, etc. But what is clear is, but is now being covered over by a very poisonous climate. Is that migration historically has always played a significant role in improving lives of people, whether in their home society or their host society. Migrants are development agents. And I have never understood the debate in New York at the UN about whether there is or is not a nexus between migration and development, of course there is. We see it every day, so as far as I'm concerned, the debate is over. Okay, take the 3.3% of the world, which consists of international migrants. If we listen to the McKinsey Global Institute's latest report, and it's gotten the attention of all the migration scholars and gurus. They tell you 3.3% of the world's population, migrants produced 9% of global GDP, which is 4% more than they would have produced if they stayed home. So I, as far as I'm concerned, that is a key point, that migrants are development agents. Now it's not just a question also, yes, remittances are important. And yes, 429 billion US dollars go back to developing countries every year. That's important, and that is a contribution. But they're making social remittances the talent they bring back. We always hope that every migrant who decides to return home will either bring back an enhanced skill or a new skill or money to invest. And there's absolutely no contradiction between being totally integrated in the local society, host society, and being an active member of the diaspora. We're talking about brain circulation. Second point, migrants in crisis, we have to be particularly attentive to them. Because we have the largest number of migrants along vulnerable pathways and facing trouble, about 66 million that we've had since the Second World War. Third and final point is the emphasis of the World Migration Report is on the contribution of migrants. The contribution of the World Migration Report to migrants and migration policy. We've done these reports now since 2000. This is one of the most important ones we've done. It's taken on heightened importance in a period of information overload, fake news where you don't know what to believe. This I think you can take as something that you really can work on. This report is designed to demystify and demythologize migration based on evidence and facts. So we acknowledge here the continuing emphasis on migrants' rights in paying closer attention to migrants in need of assistance. So let me close off quickly there and start by introducing, first of all, particularly pleased and honored to have Ambassador Sarah, a personal friend and a great friend of IOM. Thank you, Ambassador, for your support and we'll come back to you very shortly. Looking forward to having your insights and grateful for the time you've taken and the honor you've given us of being with us. But I'd like to ask my colleague, Ms. Marie McAuliffe and Dr. Rues to give us a brief overview of what we're talking about in this volume. Which I guess you'll get shortly, right? Exactly. You'll receive this shortly. Thank you. So over to you, Marie. Thank you. Thank you very much indeed, Director-General, for that warm welcome and elucidating discussion on migration generally. It's an absolute privilege to be able to address the 108th session of IOM Council on the new World Migration Report. We wish to thank the Director-General and IOM senior leadership team for their leadership of this body of work, for their strong support of and commitment to building the evidence base on migration as a means to inform effective policy and practice. And the World Migration Report as part of this evidence base. We would also like to thank Ambassador Sarah for being on the panel today, as well as Deputy Permanent Representative Lukia, who has at the last minute stepped in. So thank you very much indeed. We'd also like to thank the many practitioners, the scholars, IOM colleagues who contributed to the final report. It's a highly collaborative process and we are very grateful for their input. Let me start by saying that this World Migration Report has been written for you and it's been written for the people that work for you. For the policy officers, for the research assistants, for the visa officers, the consulate staff and the media and communication specialists. The ones who work for you and advise you and your governments. It's also been written for migration practitioners working to support and assist migrants out in the field, including those who have been displaced. It's been written for the researchers and the students too, for master students for example, studying migration at universities in Oslo, in Washington DC, in Dhaka, in Kuala Lumpur, in Buanasari, in Shanghai, as well as the many thousands of people studying migration elsewhere around the world. And it's also been written for people beyond these groups who want to learn more about migration and about migrants. This is an awfully lot of people, all with different needs and different levels of knowledge of migration. But such is the readership of information and analysis on migration these days. As we know all too well, interest in migration continues to increase. And so we have sought to strengthen our World Migration Report series so that it's better suited to meet the needs of a growing readership. This new World Migration Report is the ninth in the series, but it's the first to be published as a revitalised series. As the organisation's flagship publication, the new series has been designed for its wide readership in a way that brings together both current information on migration trends and dynamics, as well as analysis of some of the more topical and complex migration issues. There we go. In revising the World Migration Report, in revising the World Migration Report series, we recognise the importance of partnerships and of the need to complement IOM's programmatic, its operational and technical work and expertise with that of other practitioners, as well as migration policy scholars. This has been done through a number of means, including co-editing, including co-authoring, as well as a review of the draft report by experts prior to finalisation. We're also mindful of expectations. This is the first World Migration Report, of course, as the UN Migration Agency, and we take that responsibility very seriously. We have been very focused on needing to ensure the report content is accessible, that it's balanced, that it's relevant, and it makes a strategic contribution, including by offering a two-part structure, which we'll talk through in a moment. We've also focused, too, on accessibility in terms of a digital platform, and we've developed a World Migration Report, very simple, actually, web page, which enables people to download different chapters and different levels of material, according to their needs. There we go. This is the table of contents equivalent of the World Migration Report 2018. Part one is on key data and information on migration. There are three substantive chapters in part one. It looks a lot smaller than part two, but in actual fact, it is half, because there is a lot to say about a global overview of migration and migrants. We talk about regional dimensions and developments, and we go into research and analysis, and as our Director-General mentioned earlier, in an era of fake news and information overload, this is particularly important, and this will help us in our work that's designed that way. I will quickly take us through part one, and then my co-editor, esteemed colleague, Professor Ruiz, will take us through part two to give you an overview. Future editions of the World Migration Report are expected to cover salient issues in part two. They will change from report to report. Part one will essentially mean pretty much the same, and it will be in updates, but part two can cover a whole range of different issues, such as environmental migration. There might be issues coming about migrant health. There might be areas that we need to look into in regards to counter-smuggling and trafficking and looking at the state of play and the current evidence and what it means for policy. So we've got some flexibility in terms of part two, knowing that they're also fairly succinct chapters. We don't have time to read a 250-page report on one topic. These are designed to enable policymakers and practitioners get the latest evidence, the latest information on a specific topic. Now, in terms of part one, the first substantive chapter is a global overview. It provides global data and trends on international migrant stocks, as well as international migration flows. There's a discussion of some specific migrant groups, but we've also incorporated, and this is a fairly new thing, incorporated IOM programmatic and operational data, including on assisted voluntary return, including on the work that IOM does in regards to resettlement. We're not arguing that this is representative, that it's not global in nature, but it gives you a very good idea of how IOM's work fits into the changing nature of international migration. Chapter three is a fairly substantive chapter. Let me just say it is an overview of the key migration statistics by region. So it is a cascade effect. We look at the global picture in regards to international migration and migrants, and then we actually look at the regional dimensions. We cover the six world regions, as determined by the United Nations, Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, the Caribbean, as well as North America and Oceania. We provide key statistics at the regional level, and then we provide descriptions, narrative descriptions on key features and developments at the regional and sub-regional levels. We know that migration dynamics is heavily related to geography, so we go into discussions on particular sub-regions. And it depends on what's going on within that sub-region as to whether we highlight labor migration and remittances, irregular migration, smuggling, displacement. It depends on the sub-region. Finally, for part one, we have provided a substantive chapter on migration research and analysis. This chapter really provides the last two years of written information and analysis on migration. It looks at some of the big producers, academia, governments, inter-governmental organisations and think tanks. We look at key contributions. We look at growth over time, which has been very significant, and we look at the relative strengths and weaknesses and how different producers publish material. We also explore opportunities for further leveraging policy and practice and how the two spheres can work together, and we encourage that. Critically assessing the material in terms of rigor, in terms of its trustworthiness, in terms of its relevance, is very useful for us in our work when we're drawing upon the growing body of published research and analysis on migration. It's particularly important, given that in rapidly evolving research and publishing environments, the prevalence and reach of succinct analysis in the forms of things like blog articles, for example, is on trend to increase. Finally, I would like to suggest that overall part one of the report has been provided as a reference. It's something to dip into and to refer to as you go about your work, assisting migrants, formulating policy, advising governments and others. It's intended to very much support people working on migration, as well as people who are studying migration and maybe future leaders on migration. Just before I hand over to Professor Ruiz, it's worthwhile recalling comments made by Ambassador Quinn in the opening session, and he referred to the values that are placed on IOM in terms of its agility, how it operates in a low-cost environment and operates on a problem-solving basis. And I would just like to finally reassure you that that extends to research and analysis and producing the World Migration Report too. We have been very grateful to the governments of Italy and the governments of Norway for their financial support, but we do work in a tight environment and we are constantly working on how to produce the best material with our partners, with our colleagues in academia and practitioners in the most effective and the most efficient manner. I'll hand over now to Professor Ruiz, and he can take us through part two. Just to say a word or two. One of the reasons that we wanted Ms. McAuliffe to be head of our Migration Research Division was because of her 20 years of experience as a migration specialist in many manifestations of that migration practitioner, program manager, senior official, and scholar. And one of the things she's done is to get us a good partner in Dr. Martin Ruiz from Oxford. So Martin, it's a pleasure to welcome you here. Dr. Ruiz is the Associate Professor of Political Economy at Oxford University and the co-editor, as Marie mentioned, with the World Migration Report. His research focuses primarily on economics and politics of international labor migration with a strong international comparative dimension. So Dr. Ruiz, it's a pleasure and honor to have you here. You have the floor. Thank you very much. It's a great pleasure to be here. Thank you, Director General Swing, for the introduction. And I would like to thank the IOM for giving me the opportunity to co-edit this report. And in particular, I'd like to thank Marie on my right for doing this job with me. It's been, as Marie mentioned, it has been a big collaborative project with a large number of researchers and experts contributing from around the world. So we are very grateful to everybody who's worked long and hard to make this publication possible today. As Marie mentioned, chapter part two of this report is meant to be a flexible part that will change with each new and upcoming World Migration Report in the future. It includes a series of chapters authored externally, so to speak, by academics and researchers from all around the world. And the chapters discuss what we have called complex and emerging migration issues. Now, the choice of the topics is necessarily selective and to some extent, subjective. However, what is common to all the chapters is that they speak to what we think are some of the most important and prominent migration issues and debates today. They all deal with complex issues. Now, many of you will know that academics always say the world is very complex and we need to think long and hard. But it is, of course, true today that many of the public debates that we see are highly simplified and effective policies are undermined by a view of migration that is not nuanced enough. So all the topics in this second part deal with complex issues that cannot be solved or addressed easily. There's no one magic solution. So what we try to do with these chapters is to contribute to debates in three ways. So the chapters, each chapter, first of all, identifies what the key issue and policy challenge is. And a lot of debates that we have, of course, are problematic because we disagree on the nature of the problem, nature of the issue. So I think if we can agree and clarify what the issue is, that is already a huge step forward. Secondly, each chapter brings to bear some of the relevant research and analysis that might be helpful to addressing the challenge. So we include research and review research from around the world, but we also use a large number of real-world examples and illustrations from different areas of the world that bring alive the issues that we talk about and we've taken great care to draw from examples from all around the world. And thirdly, the chapters discuss the implications for policy debates. Now, the chapters are not meant to be and they are not prescriptive. They're not proposing a solution to some of the issues, but they're meant to be informative and stimulating. And really, the emphasis is very much on trying to better understand the issue, better understanding the dynamics of the problem in order to then facilitate a more systematic debate of these very contested issues. Now, as Mari mentioned, all the chapters are downloadable individually and in a way, they're all fairly self-contained. However, I'd just like to highlight two key themes in a way that run through the chapters. And they're both obvious points in some ways, but they're frequently forgotten in policy debates, so I think it's worth emphasizing them. Now, one key issue that comes up again and again is the importance of recognizing the many variations in migration and its impacts and policy responses across space, so across different countries, across demographic groups, and across different levels of government. For example, if you want to discuss a common policy, a global policy, of course it is very important to understand, agree on what the policy variations across borders are and what that means for trying to come up with a common approach. And the second key issue that runs across is the issue of interconnections between, across space, so immigration, immigration transit countries, for example, interconnections between different types of migration, labor migration, refugee student migration, interconnections between migration and wider public policy issues. One of the points that I make in almost any public policy forum is the importance of not discussing migration in isolation of other public policy issues. If we talk about migration, we have to talk about labor markets, we have to talk about development, we have to talk about lots of other issues. So what the report does is try to make these linkages in a very explicit, explicit way. So in a few minutes that remain, I will just very briefly give you an overview of what is in part two of the report. Now, chapter five deals with global migration governance and I'm not gonna read out what's on the slide. You can see the kinds of issues that are covered in this report. I will just say that the chapter provides a fairly frank and objective analysis of the barriers to greater global governance and the opportunities. I think we agree that governance in the area of migration is much more limited than in some other aspects of globalization, such as trade. However, in recent years, there has been a lot of progress. There's been stepwise progress. And many people argue that migration is an inherently global issue. Therefore, it follows that we need more global governance. Well, this is true to some extent. Of course, we need to work harder than that. So the report in this chapter goes beyond that statement and analyzes which specific issues lend themselves to global governance. Where can global governance really make a difference in a way that also benefits individual member states and not just the world community as a whole? Chapter six is, I think, a very innovative chapter that looks at the relationships between transnational connectivities, especially advances in telecommunication technologies and mobility and migration. We all know that we have lived through huge changes in transportation technology, telecommunication technology, the rise of smartphones. And these changes have had important implications for migration processes and different migration actors. So what this chapter does is really discuss what do these changes mean for migrants themselves? For example, in the way they access information, in the way they move around the world in terms of the decisions they make. What do these changes mean for non-state actors, such as civil society, but also for smugglers? And what do these changes mean for states in their efforts to control and manage migration? And the chapter gives examples based on research findings that critically discusses all these implications. There's one chapter that makes the important point that really to understand migration in a more comprehensive way and to have more effective policies, we really need to understand migration from migrants' perspectives. I'm an economist and economists are probably one of the worst offenders when it comes to making assumptions about the behavior of migrants. Migrants move in response to wage differences, for example. But of course, we know that migrants are active actors. They make decisions even among types of migration that are often classified as forced migration. There's often an element of choice. There's a spectrum of agency at different types of constraints that migrants have when they leave their countries in the transit country and in the country of destination. So what this chapter does is highlight the importance at looking at the decisions that migrants make and at better understanding what these decisions and these processes mean for policy making. Chapter eight looks at media reporting of migrants and migration. Now, media is obviously a very important filter for the information that comes at us, information about migration and other issues. Media can be related important ways to public opinion and of course, policy making processes. By and large, media migration is often but not always. Media coverage of migration is often but not always negative. Again, the chapter goes beyond the simple statement and the wish to see better coverage by asking what exactly explains that. We really need to understand how newspapers and new types of media behave. What drives them to report on migration in particular ways? And this is what this chapter does. It also looks at journalistic practices in different parts of the world. Chapter nine, the penultimate chapter, looks at migration, violent extremism and social exclusion. Now, this of course is a highly controversial issue but it is a very important issue to talk about in an evidence-based way precisely because we see arguments being made all the time in the public sphere about the alleged links between migration and the threat of violent extremism. So it is a sensitive topic that must be discussed using the available data in the most systematic way and not based on anecdotes. And so what the chapter does is it puts in perspective and it provides an analytical framework for understanding the links between migration, migrants and violent extremism and it does three things. It talks about the importance of definitions and data too much of the debate is so confused by being unclear about who are we talking about? Are we talking about migrants? Are we talking about refugees? Are we talking about settled communities? Are we talking about citizens and about terminology? It presents a typology of intersections between migration and violent extremism. It highlights that migrants are of course much more likely to be victims of violent extremisms than drivers and it talks about the issue across the migration cycle. So that means extremism as a driver of displacement, radicalization in camps, risk of infiltration of asylum migration flows and after arrival issues such as social inclusion. And the final chapter to finish off looks at migrants and cities. Now this chapter is a little bit different from the remaining chapters in the second part in the sense that it is a follow up chapter. Those of you who remember the previous World Migration Report was dedicated entirely to the issue of migration and cities and we felt that it is important to keep up the momentum of the issue to follow up with a chapter that talks about more recent research advances and policy implications in this area. Thank you. Thank you very much, Dr. Ruse. We've now had two interesting overviews from our colleagues, the co-authors of this volume. And I would now like to welcome His Excellency, Mr. Maurizio Enrico Luigi-Sera, the Ambassador of Italy here in Geneva, and give him the floor, Mr. Ambassador. Thank you very much, Director General. Ladies and gentlemen, dear colleagues, it's always a delight and a honor to be part of the IOM family. And I have to say also that I bring it to you all the best wishes and greetings from Under Secretary for Social Affairs, Gilo, who is in Abidjan, you may understand why. It is not too close to Geneva. I wish to be able to be here with us but send us best wishes. But first and foremost, let me tell you that I'm very moved that this report, of which I will say a few words, is culminating with the extraordinary authoritative tenure or fourthies of Director General Swing. I think Director General, that for your success it would be an extremely difficult task to equal your achievements. And I would say it would be, humanly I think, very difficult, if not impossible, to surpass it. Now, turning to the report, my congratulations obviously go to the authors and to the outline of the theme. You said that it has physical weight. I would say that it has intellectual weight of such level and comprehensiveness that makes it almost impossible in a few minutes to address all the issues or even the most important issues that are included in this report. Let me just say one word on the need of having even a wider distribution of the document. I was, I had the honor of being for a few years the Director of the Diplomatic Institute in my Ministry of Foreign Affairs and such materials, particularly also if I can be downloaded chapter by chapter of relevance for young colleagues who turns to these issues. And then in order to, since it is as I say impossible to answer with the same comprehensiveness and I would like just to mention a few, to make a few bullet points to fertilize our debate later. And I would start with a premise. I'm one of the oldies in the diplomatic community in Geneva in the sense that I'm terminating my fourth year, which is between three and four as we know the normal diplomatic stint. And I have to say that I've been very impressed, positively impressed, to see particularly in the last two years the place that the issues related to migration have taken in our works in all walks of the Geneva activities. Geneva is, as we know, and should be better known of abroad, the largest multilateral hub in the world. And I don't see any of the major and even the other organization here that cannot be encompassed in that connectivity and this cross fertilization on the debate on migration. And that is because, in fact, the three key areas that are subdivided in these chapters are areas we work daily here. The first one is what I would say the mega trend of people in the move. And people in the move request answer of a societal nature, of an extraordinary societal nature that invest the fabric of all our countries. It is a real cross regional commitment that we have towards that, be it country of origin, country of transit or countries of destination. We are all together in this endeavor and the success will depend on the capacity that we will have to work together and to forge answers. And I would say that on this, the main key areas that request an overarching interconnected approach are really those of health, education and labor. These are the three main pillars, it seems to me, of integration. And obviously that implies, and this is the second bullet point of my intervention, an active campaigning against the forms that unfortunately are creeping up in all our societies, all our societies, of stigmatization and exclusion. We should be able to send more and more, I'm talking now from my counter particularly, a positive message about the challenge, the opportunity in economic terms, first of all, migrant work produces 8.9% of the GDP of Italy nowadays, 8.9%. It's enormous. We Italians where we were migrants have contributed hugely to the GDP of other countries of the world. So I mean, it is a challenge, tends to be seen and addressed both way and tends to bring all the opportunities that we can. It is not only a problem that we can treat in law enforcement approaches. We need a vast campaign. The third point that I would like to make and the final one concerns what I find particularly stimulating in, I hadn't myself devoted enough for before reading this and it is, I would say the cultural dimension of the issues of, in another room here in this building where debating issues of minorities today. And although the two things are different, nevertheless, there is the necessity of going toward a better cultural perception of the culture of migrants, of the culture of minorities and of their interconnectivity with our realities. So all in all, I think that these were some of the few points that one can evoke in the choice of the basket of thought provocative and really very fertilizing issues that come out of this document. So thank you very much for having invited me here and congratulations for these excellent word migration reports 2018. Thank you very much, Mr. Ambassador. It's a great honor to have you here and I see you here and so much of what you say that your long experience in senior positions including Ambassador in Paris to UNESCO and long, long periods with the presidency of Italy, Italian presidency of the G8, et cetera. So I'm really, I think this gets us off to a very good start here. I want to also, if I might then also pass down the line to my right to introduce and welcome and thank the ambassador of Uganda, Ambassador Luquia who's the permanent representative here and who's just joined us. Thank you very much for coming and I'd like to give you the floor now if I may. Thank you. Thank you, Director General. Ladies and gentlemen, I'm quite delighted to be part of this important launch of the World Migration Report 2018. I think this is because the year 2018 is a very important year for all of us. We are entering into a period of establishing the global compact on migration, on migrant and this will put in place a framework with which we are going to work for years to come. I think in this respect, the World Report on Migration will definitely make an important input in that process for all of us. Uganda is very, very grateful and we thank IOM for having published this report and we also thank all those who have contributed in one way or another to putting together this important report. And indeed, this report comes at a time when migration is not only the subject of sharp focus for policymakers, politicians and the media, but also at a time when the number of migrants and those displaced from their homes is at an all-time high. Given the ever-increasing number of migrants that we are seeing, coupled with the complex and multi-casual nature of migration, a report such as this one, which is going to be launched, could not be more timely as it provides an opportunity for all of us to gain a better sense of some of the most important and pressing migration issues of our time. More importantly, the World Migration Report 2018 provides the much needed evidence-based information which is often lacking in many current discussions on migration. And as I said, the period we are entering into is key and we need to be well informed as we negotiate the global compact on migrants. Furthermore, in a region such as Africa, where reliable information on migration is often uneven and fragmented, this report is an important contribution and a useful source of key data and information on migration. This is especially central for policymakers as accurate data and information is key to formulating appropriate responses and policies on various migration issues. Ladies and gentlemen, focusing on Africa, which is the continent I come from, we have a common perspective, which of course Uganda shares. And first of all, it is important to note that the vast majority of African migrants still move within Africa and this dynamic has expanded significantly over the last decade. So what do we need to do in order to keep pace with this expansion? It is very important for us in Africa to be able to put down what we think is important for us to be able to address this development on our continent. At the continental level, the various EU African Union policy framework and instruments on migration contain recommendations on how to promote the benefits of migration, improve capacity for migration management and enhance mobility on the continent as well as address the challenges of irregular migration. As recently as the 25th African Union Summit, which was held in Johannesburg, the African leaders deliberated extensively on how to effectively manage migration by committing to achieve a comprehensive range of issues by 2018. So this is why I say the year 2018 for us is very important because of these developments that are coming up. These comprehensive range of issues include, if I may mention just a few, improving labor mobility by establishing harmonized mechanism thereby ensuring that higher education in Africa is compatible, comparable to enable recognition of credentials that will facilitate transferability of knowledge, skills and expertise. Operationalizing existing action plans to combat issues like human trafficking and smuggling of migrants. We also look at the speeding up of the implementation of continent-wide visa-free regimes, including issuance of visa at parts of entry for Africa. So this is a strategy that the African continent is trying to come up with in order to address the issue of migration. Now, while we put in effort to address these issues within the continent, we are also ready and prepared to join hand with all the other continents of the world to be able to come up with a concrete effective framework that will help us to address these issues in the years to come. Now, if I can briefly look at the different perspective on migration between the African continent and other parts of the world. This is an issue that is usually very difficult to understand because we have a number of perspectives depending on where we are standing. The people in Africa have a different perspective on migration from the people in Europe, for example, simply because as we will all accept the flow of migration, as we see in the recent crisis has been from the south to the north. So this is the reality and it's the fact that we must accept and be able, in order to be able to address the challenges. Between Africa and the other continent, especially the developed north, large differences exist in how the issue of migration is perceived and how it should be managed. Now, yet within these divergent narratives, there exists area of convergence between Africa and the rest of the world which we can build upon. And we intend to pursue this in the process of the global compact. The process of putting in place the global compact will facilitate this process. Then, within the developed north, the emphasis is more strongly on the containment of irregular and regulated and irregular migrant flows as well as reducing the number of arriving refugees. But the African position puts more emphasis on facilitating and better managing intra-African migration and mobility as well as creating legal migration opportunities. So these are the differences in the perspectives from our own point of view and the point of view of the rest of the world which we think we need to exploit in order to come up with an effective global compact on migration. So, ladies and gentlemen, I think you will be able to read more about these perspectives from the report that is going to be launched. And as I said earlier, we are very, very grateful to IOM for having come up with a very useful source of information for our participation in putting in place a framework that will help us to address the migration challenges in the years to come. Thank you very much. Thank you very much, Ambassador Benedict Lucuia for your insights also. I think that in the interest of time, I won't make any summary of this at all. I couldn't if I wanted to, probably. It's very complex. So I think we'll open the floor immediately. I think we can squeak over to maybe five past one because we have another, we have a side event coming up. So let me open the floor. Please let me know who we'd wish to speak first. It's partly because you haven't had an opportunity to see the volume yet, and I apologize for that. But we will distribute, I think, immediately after this, right? Okay. All right. I realize we're standing between you and lunch. So... But thank you very much for coming. Thank you for your interest. I hope that you will find this volume of great value as you work on your own migration policies and come back to us even during the general debate if you want to make comments on the World Migration Report, it would be entirely in order. So thank you for your good attendance at this meeting. And I would remind you that we should be back sharply at 3 p.m. We have a very important panel on migration and climate change. We have a distinguished panel, including French Minister Oulot, who has this whole portfolio, and a number of other distinguished speakers. Let's be back at 3 p.m. And I invite those of you who can make it to remain here for a very important side event sponsored by the Holy See, which will be a number of interesting panelists. Thank you very much.


What's up everybody? I'm EvilReven. We're here on car X drift racer on the PC with the wheel We got our fan attacks set up all set up shift their handbrake everything working. We're here gonna rip it See what we can do in it. I've played it a little bit, but not on on wheels so we're gonna be testing the wheel out and Having some fun with it in our little a E30 drift car. We are only level 27 or 29,000 We got to get some more money We got to get some stuff going but car X drift racer online here to the channel if you guys want to see more Make sure you tap and subscribe I do appreciate all support and to hit that bell notification to be part of notification gang So, uh, yeah, let's get sideways. Let's have a little fun. We have a couple tracks that we've driven We have not driven parking lot a in reverse. So we're just gonna go. We'll send a parking lot a reverse on the wheel See what happens Sorry here apparently So there's a bit of a dead spot in the middle of the wheel bit of a dead zone in the middle, but We're somewhat Kind of drifting. I mean, we're drifting My it's definitely very different than what I'm used to on like a set of course on everything But of course car X is more of an arcade style drift game. Oh I don't want to hit that So the wheel feels a little bit loose, but the feedback once you start sliding is nice But it's very light. So may have to adjust some feedback settings and stuff like that. Oh Hit the wall, but we didn't lose our drift, okay I will I'll take that kept our modifier up there. We are homeless, you know max out the angle on some of these corners, I Say max out the angle rolling at like 50 some degrees. Oh Oh Definitely not as smooth on here as I am In a set of course if by any means but like I said first time out here on the wheel the dead spot is definitely getting to me Don't really notice it when you start sliding and you're just snapping kind of back and forth But there's definitely a dead zone in the center like a good I'd say 60 or 70 degree dead zone We're gonna get gold on our first run out. We are E30 definitely very fun So for the first one out not too bad. Yeah, the dead zone is pretty much like this This is when it starts to turn so there is a big dead zone We'll take money up real quick this way So let's see where else we can go We can buy Silverstone. We have not I believe we drifted here We have drifted here, but we don't have a best. Oh, no, wait, we're in the third We don't have a best score here. Well, we're gonna try the snowy castle road So if you guys want to keep seeing cars drift make sure you let me know that comes a lot of people I'm sure play this game online. We'll get an online stuff here very shortly as well here on the channel Keep bringing this content more cars more builds. Oh Gosh see here's the dead zone see like Yeah, it's a good huge dead zone. Oh, it's slippery Oh my It's very snowy And we are just kind of sliding down the hill and we cannot Drift one going to fourth not second.  Oh As I say, don't die.  Oh Oh That was a rough hit This game is definitely not easy on a wheel. It's uh Very difficult like I found how to get that dead get rid of that dead zone This snow is not making it easy as you can tell Gotta get rid of that dead zone It only really bothers me when I'm trying to initiate a drift when I'm flicking back and forth doesn't really bother me too much like I said Do not go in the snow This track I am just No traction in fourth gear On this road. Oh, I think we may have almost gotten bronze. Oh, oh my oh All right, so definitely a lot different than the first one I did so May have to adjust my suspension settings or grip levels or stuff to be able to run this snowy road or just Kind of slow it down like that and kind of just Coast my way through That's not fun, but I mean I guess you gotta do what you gotta do, right? So twitchy we're gonna lose that in the grass Yep, this is definitely very slippery in this snowy conditions Definitely want to unlock some of the other tracks like the Irwindale tracks and stuff like this because I know they're here Just got to get them. It's got to keep getting money and keep getting Tracks and more cars we're working to try and get some higher-level tier cars like 350 and 180s and stuff like that But for right now at the E30 kind of doing what we needed to do We did not get much for that. So We could go see if there's anybody online Maybe try and see what's going on. There's a lot of people We're gonna go try and beat our score in the parking lot drift reverse See what we can do Maybe we should change up cars. Maybe we should tune some more stuff up. Maybe buy a different car. I don't know We're gonna figure it all out, but we're just going to send this car sideways that goes trip me out. Oh my massive angle With a little bit of a wall screen Here we go much more fluid of a line a little bit easier on the steering a little bit less on the throttle and I'm Doing much Better, I thought we're gonna hit the wall. Well save it. There we go back and drift We're about to get past my own ghost But I didn't smack the wall this time Say that I'm probably gonna smack this wall It's a weird north of dark century. I feel like we're better off though than our last run for sure And we go Feel like we are better off now. We're near our old points How is this possible really we were much higher angle last time because we didn't even get 12,000 on that one Well, that's a fail Huh that wall tab was good though, but apparently we just kind of sucked at that one So we're gonna go back. We're gonna go try the original course parking lot. Hey Unreversed our best is 14 413 we can best that as the final run here on the episode we do on third Left foot brake action going on right there. This game is pretty fun. If I can get rid of that dead zone. I Feel like it could be pretty fun as a chilled kind of game, but It's definitely not easy on a wheel because we have no assist those steering assists or anything on All drifts fail that's not gonna that's not gonna do good for us by any means I Feel like I may have messed with my suspension settings and screwed my car up a little bit So I hope you guys enjoyed this episode here on car extra for aster online Do you guys want to keep seeing more on the wheel here on car X drift? Make sure you tap that like button. Let me know down in the comments and as always I thank you guys for watching I'll be more rabbit. I'll see you guys on the track Rotate We still good though trying to get sandals


So let's let's start with this lady whose name I don't know. It's right here. Hopefully you can see it and She is talking about here, right? She's talking about here Christian nationalism, so this is 20 seconds out of a longer discussion where she's talking about the rise of Christian nationalism and and Donald Trump is gonna surround himself with Christian nationalists and This is gonna be their agenda. The second Trump administration is gonna be a Christian nationalist agenda I don't necessarily disagree with much of that, but this 20 seconds Has created a firestorm. It's it's it's a standard view But suddenly everybody picked on it because this is how social media works, right? Somebody says something like a million people say stuff and it's ignored and one person says something and suddenly it just hits in The right time in the right place somebody clips it out puts it up on and boom a Firestorm happens Anyway, let's let's watch let's see what actually happened So this is her let me know if the volume is off or are there any other problems And that unites all of them because there's many different groups orbiting Trump But the thing that we're not unites them as Christian nationalists not Christians by the way because Christian nationalists is very different is that they believe that our rights as Americans as all human beings don't come from any earthly authority. They don't come from Congress They don't come to the Supreme Court. They come from God and that unites right, so she's basically Saying Because she's she's been critical here. I mean she's not saying this is kind of a neutral position She's been critical. She's saying these Christian conservatives. They they Think this crazy thing They think that rights don't come from Congress They don't come from the Supreme Court. They come From God now we'll get to the argument about them coming from God in a minute but let's first deal with this question of Do they come from Congress do they come from the Supreme Court and the answer of course is God if you read the funny fathers if you know anything about the funny fathers if you read the collusion of independence if you know anything about the conception of rights on Which this country is founded Then clearly the answer is It doesn't come from Congress and it doesn't come from the Supreme Court Indeed the whole concept of rights to a large extent is There to protect to protect us from Congress the Supreme Court a president or any other group that has a Majority that can inflict a will on us even if they don't have a majority any group They can oppress us in any kind of way as I ran writes The principle of individual of man's individual rights represents the extension of morality into the social system as a limitation on the power of the state as Man's protection against the brute force of the collective as the subordination of might to write Individual rights in a sense stand above government They are what limit government. They're what constrained government They can't be something that government determines Because then they're not rights at all Then they kind of privileges granted to us by the authorities However, the authorities come to be whether through a democratic process or whether through any kind of process rights must be primary to government and Government has to be subordinated To rights its functions must be subordinate to rights So there's no way that government can give us rights. They're not rights then again It's a negation of the whole idea of what rights are and It's a negation importantly of The purpose of rights the function of rights the function is whoops I almost almost screwed that up the function is To subordinate might to write and here might You can conceive of might as Majority war a dictatorship that the force that government can bring to bear on Dictating how you live your life or not live your life so Right, so they're to limit the power of the state. That's their purpose and we'll talk about limit on the basis of what as Man's protection against the brute force of the collective so whether rights come from God or from somewhere else So we haven't yet discovered or that they haven't yet discovered Rights cannot be Something to society votes on you know, the rights are exactly that it protect us exactly from that They're there to protect us From Congress and to the Supreme Court and from the president and from all the other They're there to protect us from politics They're there to protect us from our neighbors that they protect us from the majority They're there to subordinate Those functions of society to a specific kind of moral law and And that is really the concept that the founders have is That rights are in that sense above government that government is there to Protect the rights But the rights are not defined by the agency that is protecting them one of the problems with anarchy is There's no mechanism by which rights can be above the law Rights are exactly defined by differently by different protection agencies go figure that one out and how that lands up and how that all gets settled All right, so What she's saying is complete negation a complete negation of The American system government complete negation of individual rights you know the left wants to keep the concept of rights Without adhering to the way it arose historically without adhering to how you know to where it came from Without any kind of understanding of what the purpose of the concept is Because if Congress just decides then why is it a right? It's just a law. It's just something Congress decides The whole idea is that rights are the measure by which we evaluate every law Is it violating our rights or is it protecting our rights? So it's the standard


Dear colleagues, the Plano Convex ingot is the most common ingot type of for copper and their alloys in late Bronze Age in Central Europe. In the following presentation, I will speak about their production and partition as well as their possible practical use in barter ore trade.  In the English-speaking world, this ingot type, characterized by a flat topside and a bulged underside, is known as Plano Convex ingot. I will use today the acronym PCI for it. In Austria, Germany, and also here in Switzerland, the traditional name is Gusskuchen. The direct translation into English will be Casting Cake, a term which is also very appropriate because it describes the production process, as you see later very well. Smelted copper with Plano Convex shape has been known since early metallurgic times. First examples we know from copper age, like this piece from the Handlover Hort in Slovakia. In the course of the Bronze Age, the PCI is evidenced throughout Europe and the Mediterranean especially in horts and as cargo material from shipwrecks. This form was additionally used in larger number in Persian Gulf area and in settlements in the Indus Valley. In Iron Age, we find PCIs in Europe and also in Asia. Also the Romans cast the copper in similar form, as documented by ancient copper ingots found in Wales or along the southern shore of France. Especially from the late medieval to early modern periods, the PCI celebrates a comeback. As you can see on ingots from shipwrecks from the west and east coast of Africa, within Europe produced ingots by the trading house of Fugge in Augsburg, Germany. Why shows this ingot form for copper such a wide chronological and geographical range and why is it so common in late Bronze Age? The answer should be in the simple production of ingot and mold as well as the circumstance that the PCI is also very suitable for transporting and further processing. There are different views on how the PCI was made. According to some publications in Austria and Hungary, the PCIs are the primary product of copper extraction formed during smelting on the base of the furnace. But this formation process is in contradiction with features on the most of the PCIs as you will see in a moment. For me it's more likely that the end product of the ancient smelting process were amorphous copper lumps mixed with slag which needed to be melted and recast. Therefore, the PCI is rather the product of a secondary process in which the molten metal is cast into a shallow pit in the ground or in a bowl shaped mold. Rather the pore was carried out by use of crucibles or by discharging molten metal from the bottom of the furnace into a forehead or a tapping pit is still open. The fact that the majority of the PCIs were actually cast is indicated for example by flow structures at the top surface. That the PCIs were not poured in a single casting event but in several casting batches show the multi-layer structure of many PCIs. Depending on how much time has elapsed between the batches the result is the complete fusion of the metal layers or the formation of internal cooling rims between them. The rims can be described as sharp cracks or blurred gas bubble horizons among the layers. The primary form and dimensions of the PCI results of many factors like the shape, slope and size of the casting mold, the material of the mold and the conditions during cooling. The diameter mostly varies between 8 and 30 centimeters while the thickness ranges frequently between 1 and 10 centimeters. Some pieces even reach diameters over 45 centimeters. The weight of complete examples is an average between half and eight kilograms but examples up to nearly 15 kilograms are known. Very important to observe is the fact that the relation between diameter, thickness and weight at the PCIs is not linear and can fluctuate. The reason lies in their high porosity caused by gas evolution and shrinkage that forms numerous pores and cavities inside as well blisters on the surface during solidification. Sometimes the porosity reach 15 to 40 percent of the volume at the PCI. Liquid cover has the tendency to absorb gaseous gases from the environment. So the thereby from a combustion reaction between the liquid cover and the mold material from the burning charcoal, from moisture in the mold or from the humid air. These gases are dissolved in the melt and are released while cooling as gas bubbles which aspire to the top surface of the ingot. They show different forms from spherical bulges, overburst blisters to more or less deep bubble craters. Complete PCIs usually have a round shape but there are also more elongated pieces with a void, sub rectangular or drop shape. PCIs are typically flat along the top and covered on convex on the base. The cross section of the PCIs are diverse and show variable profiles consisting of different combinations of the flat concave or convex top and bottom sides. The PCI can also reach extreme manifestations. On the one hand almost hemispherical and bell shaped examples exist and on the other hand there are very flat pieces which look like slabs. The degree of fragmentation of the PCIs in late Bronze Age Horts is typically very high. So only a few intact specimens are contrasted with a large number of broken pieces as you can see here. This is the result of a dark edging, dark edging, breaking when they were traded, processed, hoarded or sacrificed. Pure copper is very ductile and therefore hard to break on the cold conditions. So most of the PCIs are break in a red hot state immediately after casting or after a later heating in a charcoal fire. A high porosity was beneficial for breaking the ingots into fragments because the fractures could spread along the pores and cavities through the copper matrix. Other factors that facilitate the partition but cannot explain here in detail are the chemical composition especially a higher content of elements such as a scenic or iron as well as microscopic impurities along the crystal or grain boundaries like cobrite or copper sulfide inclusions. These factors can dramatically deteriorate the mechanical properties of the copper and make it brittle. Principally the PCI shows various deformations and tool marks that suggest the use of different hammers, hatches and chisels during the dividing process. Often the PCI shows scratches or deeper notches that were accurate in a dewy copper on the top surface to determine where to divide it into halves and quarters. The further procedure was depending on the porosity and thickness of the PCI. If an ingot was rich in gas bubbles and copper or copper sulfide inclusions it could be broken under cold and warm conditions by crashing it with a hammer on massive support. The results are pieces with irregular shape. To achieve a definite freaking shape the reheated ingot at a temperature over 300 degrees Celsius was notched on one or two sides and broken or split completely by the use of different wedge shaped cutting tools. Therefore bronze hatches or chisels with a plate length of three or four centimeters are used which typically penetrate around a half to one centimeter into the annealed metal. The PCI broken in this way had among others very straight and vertical fracture edges as you can see here. Most of the PCIs were not broken random and irregularly but after certain rules. Many of the round PCIs may have been partitioned according to the principle of a continuing B-section into halves, quarters and eighths. The quarter and eighth pieces were partly divided again resulting in triangular or trapezoid shaped pieces. In addition to the halves there were also narrower circular segments which are separated towards the edge of the ingot by splitting them into thirds middle pieces with quadrangular shape were created. The third partition pattern is the separation of wedge shaped segments which approximately correspond to the sixteenth part of the whole ingot. The last partition pattern are circumferential edge fractions on complete ingots or their quarters resulting in small D-shaped edge pieces. This last partition pattern is very interesting. Why were these edge pieces chipped from the PCI? Is this an easy way for a rapid production of minor quantities of copper for exchange of order or is this a kind of material testing? Let me say here some words about the metal composition of the PCIs and what that means for the practical work with them. The analysis of bronze HPCIs in central Europe revealed that they are originally made of copper with copper, fellow copper or less common and mixed with types. As changeable copper contents and varying amounts of minor elements like ascending antimony and nuclear iron show in poor, partly refined as well as nearly poor and even alloyed copper were used for their production. The chemical composition as well as different contents of copper oxides and sulfides reflected the PCIs are not the result of a coincident manufacturing process. There are products of an entire series of pyramidological processes commencing with copper smelting and continuing with several refining, alloying, recycling and recasting operations while PCIs are being poured and broken up again and again. Particularly annoying in the further processing where higher contents of iron sometimes they lie above 3% per rate. Today you can see this increased iron content through chemical analysis as well as on rust brown patina or by using a magnet. What methods were used to determine the quality of the metal by the agent metallogist? First they can look on the color. Some elements such as ascending iron or here the example with tin pre-changes in the color of the copper. In addition the agent metallogist can test the mechanical properties of the copper by breaking up some pieces and look if the copper is brittle or flexible and so can check the quality for maybe a successful deal. On the other hand the ducheted partition is also an indication that the PCI were bartered and traded after the rate. And so represent a proto pre-monetary currency. Since today numerous attempts have been made to distinguish wheat ratios of PCIs and the fragments in central European hordes but never the different quality of the pieces was taken into account. As well as the fact which show archeological experiments that the PCI is not very easy to divide in very precise rate. With these observations I will finish my presentation. I want to thank the Federal Monuments Authority Austria which funded parts of my research and I will also thank you for your attention. Thanks.


Welcome to Monet Cafe. I'm artist Susan Jenkins and today I'm bringing you a lesson on the beauty of painting with neutrals. Now I know I paint with bright colors often, but there's also a true beauty to a neutral palette as well. So we're gonna talk about that in this lesson. Come on in the studio with Jackson and myself and we're gonna have some fun. I'd also really appreciate it if you would take a moment right now to like, subscribe, and hit that little bell icon to be notified of future videos. And I'm able to keep these free lessons coming because of the support from my patrons on my Patreon page. If you would like to consider becoming a patron it's only $5 a month and you get extra goodies and extra content. I'm gonna be sharing a lot about the products that I'm using. Oh, and I just have to praise the Lord. Often when I start a painting I have to just praise God. Does anybody else do that? In this lesson I'll be using primarily a couple of sets actually of Terry Ludwig pastels. One's called Umber, Shadows, and Shades, and the other is called Shades of Nature. These have such gorgeous neutral colors. I'll be talking about them more as I paint. The surface I'll be using is Strathmore Pastel Paper. This is unsanded paper. It's quite affordable and it's really great for beginners. Although I know a lot of people love the sanded surfaces and there's my little lovely set of the Umber, Shadows, and Shades. And I started this painting because my last tutorial with a similar scene was so bright with color. You can see it's sitting there to the left. And I often share how neutrals actually help to make your brilliant colors be more of the star of the show. So I wanted to really do a neutral palette, tone everything down quite a bit. And I held up that little Prismacolor new pastel I'm using here. You can use whatever to sketch. I don't recommend pencil like pencil lead. Pastels don't adhere to it well and it stays kind of shiny. And I'm going to be using, like I said, primarily the Terry Ludwig neutral sets I mentioned, but I am going to use some darks at the beginning to establish my darks. These are also Terry Ludwig pastels. And at the end, I'm going to be adding a little bit of color. Like I said, when you have a primarily neutral palette, it allows you to really draw some focal attention to colors that might be a little more saturated with chroma. And I thought that this would be a neat way to show this set as well. I really do love the set. I have used it quite a few times, not really primarily like I'm doing right now. And I am going to, in a little while, you'll see me put up the other little color chart. This one right here to the right of me is the one for the Umber, Shadows and Shades. Terry Ludwig is great because they provide these in their sets and you need to go in and fill them out because that's really the only true way to see what those colors look like. If you pull it up online or if you take a photo and try to look at it later, they never look exactly the same as if you physically make a mark on it. But what I was saying is that in a little while, you'll see me put up the other set, which is the Shades of Nature, the little color guide for that set as well. Because I use a few of those, but I primarily used this Umber, Shadows and Shades set.  So if you're looking to get a good set of neutrals and you need some that are a little lighter, go with the Shades of Nature. If you want them a little darker, you can go with the Umber, Shadows and Shades. And they're very minuscule, dark, like difference there. And they're both just gorgeous. I find these sets are, they lean towards warm tones. They're earthy. You know, that's how I think of them. And they're just so beautiful. None of them, if you look at the set as a whole, and if you say you just took a picture of all of the pastels and convert it to black and white, that's a really great way to see the values. A lot of these values in these sets are kind of the same. You don't have extreme darks or extreme lights within the set. They're all kind of a middle, middle value with some subtle value differences between the two sets. So that's a little bit about those two sets. And I'm continuing to work here just building up my darks. I'm not working from a reference image because I'm working from my little study, my little sketch that I do. I like to do a preliminary sketch often before I paint. And then I can use those little sketches just to create a painting kind of from just that guide of values. You can see it to my left there. And by the way, I am speeding this up, but a lot of the techniques I'm using for this painting can be found in the video right before this one. It's called 12 Easy Tips for Painting Water. And in this lesson, I give you a lot of the tips that I'm using in this video. You saw me a little while holding my fingers up measuring the height of the trees above the horizon line. And I kind of brought it down. Often images in a reflection are mirrored from what's above the surface. And this is another one of the tips. Reflections tend to pull down. So I'm using a chamois cloth to pull these reflections down into the water. Later, I will layer some pastels, some flatness on that water. And all these techniques I talk about in that video. So I'm going to provide a link to that video in the description of this one. And also I'll make it the clickable link at the end of this one at the end of all of my videos, I have a little suggested video. So you can find that one there. And again, this this video is more about using neutrals and more about these two sets. Now that one I just held up was the first one that I used in the Umber, Shadows and Shades set, the green that I added. I'm going to hold it back up again in a second and show you. It's the color that's to the lower left on that Umber, Shadows and Shades guide. And I mark on my numbers or my things so much. I think it's G454 because right there's where I made the mark. So that is the green that I use there. And now I'm using it's like a cool gray. And I believe it's the B623 on the Umber, Shadows and Shades set. And I'd like to talk a little bit now about value versus color.  But when you work from a set like this, you're forced to choose by value instead of color. It's like, man, I can't really choose that dark that I really want this blue for the sky. And the only one you have available say is a is too dark. So you're forced to pick something that's lighter in value, but it may not be the color you were thinking of the cliche sky. Well, guess what? That's awesome because it causes you to have some interesting color combinations. And also it really truly is more about value, the lightness or the darkness in a painting than it is about the color. That was like a total aha moment for me when I started learning that. And I really stress value a lot when I'm teaching. So I chose a value that I thought would work for the sky in the water. I normally would have never chosen this gray to do for a sky. So it is neat to kind of limit yourself.  So you may say, well, I can't just pick a set and work from it or I can't. It's the only one I have. So I understand that as well. So I like to recommend if you're getting started, let's say you're you're choosing some pastels and I know they're expensive, but let's say you could just choose a few. Choose a couple of darks. These Terry Ludwig darks are really great. This is the eggplant color that I talk about so often. It looks almost black, but it's a dark purple and you can control how dark it looks by the pressure that you put on too. So get you a couple of darks, maybe a dark purple and a dark magenta maybe or maybe a dark green and then get you some colors that are kind of your core colors. Cool greens, warm greens, cool blues, warm blues and if you don't know what those are, I have videos on that. You can find anything on Monet Cafe. If you go to YouTube and type in Monet Cafe color temperature, if you do a search in YouTube, it'll pop up. Just type in Monet Cafe and kind of what you're looking for and it'll pop up. So back to the colors. Warm green, cool green, warm blue, cool blue, purples, maybe some oranges, some really warm colors, some reds. What's that? Seven colors I've mentioned so far and then maybe some pinks, yellows of course and yellows, a dark yellow by the way, is brown. That's what a dark yellow is. So get you some of those core colors and then choose three values of each color. Okay, so let's say you choose, you know, let's say you have 10 core colors you choose and you do three of each, three values of each color. That's going to be about 30 pastels. Well, look, that's what this little set is. Now, this one doesn't have a lot of those values. Like I said, it's more even in value for the set. But if you choose 30 pastels of varying values, and when I say three values, one that's lighter, one that's medium, and one that's a little darker, you're going to have your dark darks like I recommended. So you can have between 30 and 40 pastels and really create a whole lot of landscape paintings by working according to value. Now, as you grow as a pastel artist, you may want to add a few more colors to your palette. And that becomes something that's more your style and your taste. I love the uniqueness of being an artist. Oh, but also too, in your palette, you might want to get you some neutrals. Everybody goes for those bright colors to begin with. But I recommend getting you some some pastels that are a little bit dull in color, and they're going to do exactly what's going to happen in this painting. You'll see at the end when I lay down, I'm going to put down some teal colors, and they really make this painting go from maybe a little dull in color to a more an exciting composition and palette of color. So that's one of the beauties of neutrals. Now, I am choosing for these trees. Once again, I'm choosing things based on values. I didn't plan on doing like an autumn scene, but I thought, oh, these rusty colors are really so nice and kind of the value that I want in these trees. And so again, I was forced to choose according to value rather than color. The greens that were in these sets weren't quite the value that I wanted or the color that I wanted. So, you know, so I'm just kind of playing around with these colors. Now, this is one of the concepts that I talk about in the little tutorial on 12 easy tips about painting water. Whatever is above the horizon line that's close to the water, you want to bring it down. We're mirroring things, so that's why you saw me pull some of those rusty colors down as well. And now I'm still working on kind of pulling colors down. I'm using some of the same colors that are in the sky and pulling them down into the water. And often two values in a landscape painting are darker in the foreground and gradually get a little lighter. Well, that kind of works for water too. So, I have some of my water in the foreground a little bit darker. Plus, another tip in the video on painting water, is that things reflected in the water, light elements, the sky, for example, will always be a little darker in value in the reflection. And that happens often with anything that's white, like a white boat sitting on the surface. The reflection is going to be just a little bit darker in value than the white boat. So, keep that in mind when you're painting sky reflections. And so, I'm just playing with some of these colors and measuring. You see how I kind of measured. I'm getting in where those little spaces would be between those two trees. It also helps to squint your eyes. And if you have a hard time mirroring images, you can take your board that your painting's on or your painting and turn it sideways. Often we can see mirror images easier when they're turned sideways. And another tip that's in the other video is if water is moving or disturbances on water, often your shadows of like your trees are going to be just a little bit longer. But when the water is still and flat, usually the image is pretty much the same kind of mirror image. And I'm continuing to pull things down. It was kind of like my little painterly technique for this particular painting. But after that, you will see me add some very light strokes of flatness on that water. Another tip that's in the other video, water is flat. Now, it can have waves or disturbances that kind of move in different ways. But when we're talking about still water, it is flat. So I will take a pastel and kind of glaze it over the surface and it will give that illusion of flatness.  Like little bits of wind are catching the water. Now here I'm adding a little bit of a dark bank. Often when we have grasses right beside water, there'll be a little dark edge where the bank of the grasses are. And now I'm pulling down a little bit more of those rusty colors. Keep in mind this is unsanded paper. And here is where I have added the teal. I am sorry I missed the footage. But can you see, you know, it's sometimes I don't like to complain. But it is hard filming yourself often when you have life and everything else happening. Now I'm adding a little bit of that Prismacolor new pastel I used at the beginning. I thought with this palette some of that kind of magenta color with the teal would look really nice. So I added some teal in the background trees. Then I brought them down in the reflection. You see how I mirrored that. I brought some teal down into the foreground water. And I'm also doing that. Now this is one of the umber shadows and shades colors. I think it's from that set. I apologize that I didn't show every single exact pastel I'm using. And I don't even have the shades of nature set or the color guide all the way showing. So I apologize for that. Now I'm adding a little disturbance of water right at the bank. Often you'll have water moving by the bank. Here are those little marks I talked about. I've already glazed horizontal strokes. You can see over those trees. Doesn't that make the water feel flat? It's really pretty cool. I'm continuing to make the water in the foreground just a little bit darker. I think it really helps to keep your eye focused on the light areas. If it was really light in the foreground the whole thing would look kind of flat. So um and again this is unsanded paper. So I thought it was really cool to use a neutral palette on unsanded paper and give you guys some tips about neutrals and the benefit of neutrals. I hope you learned a lot. I enjoyed this painting very much. I plan on doing more with these neutral colors from the Terry Ludwig set. And I hope you'll take a moment to like this video. It really does help it get seen more on YouTube and leave me a comment. Let me know what you thought about it and also become a patron if you'd like to keep these free videos coming. It's only five dollars a month. It blesses so many artists to be able to get these free lessons. So as always God bless and happy painting.


We're shouting out words, how we feel, one word. More! More! More! Oh, it's surreal. Oh, surreal! Electric! Electric! Higher! Storytime. Joy!  So I'm going to ask all of you guys to come up and close us out on our day one. Now I will do my dance. I was keeping so we can get to the really important things, the eating and the drinking. All right, thank you everybody. So what we have, just really quickly, what's happening tomorrow, there's going to be a lot of circles, conocimiento groups, knowledge based on sharing our stories. You all have in your, on the back of your, the name tags, your conocimiento group for Friday. And those are all members and that's how you know what conocimiento groups you'll go to. And those are, you've been identified, actually you've self-identified based on your responses to the survey by affiliation. And it just needs to be in a circle of about 10 folks who are also likewise affiliated, again, to me to talk to this question that's moderated. And then that will happen twice. And then we'll have a larger, a larger three series of circles, three conversations. The first will be with what we call creators, the second with interpreters, and the third with pillars. There are certain folks who already know they're participating in those. We need to ask everyone who is moderating, please be here tomorrow morning at 9.30. So we can just check in on, on the moderation of the day. A couple of things have changed. We go to touch base with you here at 9.30 and we'll touch base on that. So tomorrow is deepening our knowledge, conocimiento, and sharing our experiences. We are going out tonight. Maybe, maybe, so maybe we're all going back to the hotel and making a good night's sleep. I don't know why. But I might go out for a drink after this. Just really asking us to take care of ourselves. In other words, we're seeing old friends. We're meeting new friends. Let's pace ourselves with the party. Right? Because we've got three long days. We want to come here as present as we can be. And so let's take care of ourselves tonight, raise a glass, and take it easy so we can come back tomorrow with work. About the next day of work. And then to share a little bit. Share a little bit. Share a little bit.


Hey everyone, it's Gabrielle with Oxmer Audit Group. I'm here today at Oxmer Toyota. Now I have Chuck here with me And we're gonna be going over the 2019 Toyota Rev for LE. There is actually a really great leasing special on this and Chuck What is that? Oh, yeah, so on the LE model. So that's this one specifically here It's $2.29 a month with $2,999 down, do it signing. Awesome. That's really great. Very very cool feature You know, we'll have some more details about that as well Yeah, but also wanted to tell you about the LE and everything that you get with this. It's the 2019 Rev 4 So complete redesign from top to bottom. This has the Toyota Safety Sense P2.0 So this is the upgraded version you get pre-collision with pedestrian detection Automatic high beams, lane departure alert, dynamic radar cruise control and when you're in dynamic radar cruise control You also get lane tracing assist So it can actually steer and keep you in the center of your lane as you're going down the highway Really cool safety feature. It also has road sign assist, which gives you an indicator there on your dash as far as speed limit If there's a stop sign yield, you're not enter, etc But the great thing about this is I mentioned it's the LE which is the base model It's the entry level and you get all kinds of cool technology things here So the radio package that you get if you have an Apple iPhone you have Apple CarPlay available So Waze all your different navigation music apps and then also the Entune app suite Includes got GPS. So as long as you have a compatible smartphone You can have GPS on your radio map navigation in any trim of the RAV4. So that's what makes it exciting, right? Exactly. Well, thank you so much. Now also you guys who would like to shop at home We have a new thing. It is our express store. It's actually on our website So you can shop for a vehicle sitting at home sitting on the couch. How convenient, right? Now you guys all you have to go to is oxmertway to comm and it says express store right up on the top and just click on that If you have any questions, give us a call. It's five zero two two one four seven zero eight five. Thanks guys. I guess


I hope you're well welcome back to my channel if you're new here My name is Steppy and today I'm bringing you back to port such a fun blog It's actually Saturday and today is the day of my sister's graduation party Which is so fun, but obviously me and my sister being the working girls that we are say hello And we are running a morning clinic at our clinic Well by morning I mean it and it should end by 130 and then we have the party starts at three o'clock I don't think anyone actually shop at three right? No one no one's gonna be there. I'm on three I don't think so hopefully give us some time to get ready that being said my dress is also being altered because it's too long And when I say altered I mean my mom is cutting the bottom of it Believe it or not my mom and dad are actually really good with like Clothing and like altering stuff, etc. Because way way back in the day.   Sol is just in the back just drinking the latte Oh, yeah, so I was already spilled ice latte all down her Quite fun, but we've got I saw the lattes with sugar-free hazelnut syrup Which so is liking so I'm trying it. I like it a lot. So if you recommend it, it's really nice I think that I saw you make a sugar-free hazelnut syrup ice coffee ice latte. It is 10 Always bang on 11 our next time should be here for 11 So I thought quickly pick up the camera and say hello. Welcome to the vlog. How annoying was this eyelash look? Oh, no, it's better. It's more close up. I got eyelash extensions three weeks ago and then she ordered them for now I've got one on each island. So they were awful. I'm not paying me to my pounds to my eyelashes again Even though I used to get them done all the time. Yeah, I look so summery Also, my outfit how cute I'm wearing like a white crop top from brandy veranda these Zara jeans which are so long like so oh my god so Fail Yeah, the Zara jeans so long and then I got this Zara blazer, which is so cute Hopefully I'll get a picture in it later when I am going with so we're gonna quickly run into self-ridges. There's something she's to change I honestly can't believe all the things we think we're gonna plan on doing in one morning. Here we are. Okay Be happy so Sol and I finished our morning clinic. We are running into self-ridges We have, you know, remember that I bought her a pair of Pristina de Vuitton's in I think it was the last vlog And they're slightly big for her. So we have to change them That's what we're doing now I also got some super cute outfit picks of my red blazer and then left it in the car because it is way too hot for a red blazer Sol's in flats, I don't even I didn't bring flats I wish I did because I'm gonna be in heels for the rest of the day and sparring it myself Reasoning behind it. Yeah, you're more intelligent Wait one second So we've come to get Sinor's graduation present from Van Cleef and Sol is very scared that she is going to Guys, I'm wearing white. Look at the colour of the chair Mother nature's calling Not on my door. I've got the gear I'm petrified and everywhere we go, they keep inviting me to sit down on the very white chair Anyway, we're gonna pick the gift and we'll get had to open it on her vlog so you guys can see On her special graduation vlog what it is, but we love you signs if you're watching this and You're worth a million times more. Your achievement is worth a million times more of whatever we can ever buy you And I said we weren't so We have arrived Guys this beautiful marquee is all set up everything tables chairs all from alpha marquees They are absolutely incredible. I'll put their act on the screen. They did the dance floor the marquee How beautiful is this for a summertime? Outdoor garden party. I'm absolutely obsessed and then the personalized Dance floor that says Sinor's graduation on it Guys Sinor's name means Phoenix. So that's why there's a Phoenix logo So I've just come back from the gym. I this is my cute little workout for a new stuff from Boa and tea um I always do this when I'm at half Show this my little cute new gym outfit from Boa and tea. I really like it. I like Boa and tea stuff I like pink gym gear. It makes them want to work. I actually need to calm down. I don't know why I'm so energetic But basically just got myself some lunch. I just got myself some lunch I'm gonna put my let me put you back on my bed. Hold on. So I just got myself some lunch from M&S and To be honest, I feel like I eat now Normal sized portions and I can't finish all my food again Which is makes sense because that is what I used to be that when I was healthy now I like I've gone back to my old me where I was locked down me would eat like 10 times the normal amount that a human should be Eating. I don't know what was going on with me. We're gonna blame it on the lockdown. Okay, sign effects of COVID-19 overeating and indulging but whatever it is what it is. Anyway, let me There's something I need to kind of update you guys on Which is kind of why there was a delay with my last vlog and why I didn't really like post In the past like a week or so it was mainly like a I had a really really long week I had I was working five days and of those five days four days I'm on call and loads of people think oh my god when you're on call It basically means that like you sit at home and they call you and if they need you No in my hospital and in the UK being on call means you are in the hospital and you are working instead of a regular day You are working a 12 to 13 hour shift. That is what being on call means. It means you're working more You're not sitting at home waiting for a phone call like I wish it was that chill It's not there's some like surgical like on calls and stuff that are more like that where you're waiting for a patient to come in Like you might be like free for like an hour or running very busy or whatever But no this medical on call means you're constantly like running around for 13 12 to 13 hours And I had four days like that last week and a normal regular working day as well Which was crazy and in the middle of it. I went out for my friend a media's birthday last week, wednesday We went to Chotto Mate in Soho, which by the way the food was absolutely incredible So I messaged all my girls group chats being like, oh my god, we've been sleeping on Soho. So it's so amazing It's so fun. It was so busy or so vibrant like I love the energy the food was so good So I was like messaging all my girls group chats being like, oh my god, we need to go to Soho Sorry for the background noise. I I'm trying to get my family to be quiet But you guys know my family you never have a quiet. Anyway, so I was messaging the girls group chat like, oh my god So so go blah blah. Anyway, the end of the night comes about 10 30 We had dinner and then Naby and I had work the next day So we were like, okay, we're gonna leave and then we left Amelia and her fiance and a couple of friends At in Soho and we walked kind of towards like a main road where we can get a taxi and I was like standing on the street corner like trying to either stop a black cab because it was rain It started to rain So like taxis weren't stopping and like ubers were like really long like there was like a 15 minute wait for an Uber or they kept canceling like it was so bad So I was like on my phone trying to like book an uber and I like had like my handbag on me like on this arm And I was on the street corner and Nabya was kind of like standing like 10 meters behind me like in a in a door frame Like that because her head she won her head to get work. She got a fresh blow dry and anyway, um, I was like trying to book an uber on my phone So black out whatever and some guy runs up from behind me and like grabs my arm And sorry, I probably should put trigger warnings like if you don't like if you if this triggers something for you I'm really sorry.  I don't know. So I think I was just like thinking like what is this guy doing? Like I'm so confused And then I was holding my phone so tight He's put my phone put my phone and then eventually he ran away with my phone And it was about four or five seconds after him seeing him running And maybe like what the hell just happened that I turned around to Nabya and I was like Nabya I just got mugged And then Nabya's like what so she starts running after the guy and like I was like that was so stupid Like we really shouldn't have like done that but then two other really really lovely guys so sweet like young boys I think they were like they said they were like 20 um They were like, oh my god, like did he touch you like they were so worried that like I'd been like assaulted And they started like trying to run off the guy and I was like, no, don't worry Like he didn't touch me and I think he basically just mugged mugged me on my phone um and the guy basically got away um So that's kind of the long story short and to be honest, I was crying a lot afterwards I think because it's like after after it kind of hits you like what the hell just happened And I was also really angry at myself for not just letting everything go naturally, but like Your instincts like kick in a bit later I think that's why I let go of my phone because like it took me five seconds to be like oh wait Something's like you're getting mugged like let go because my parents have always taught me from a younger age If anyone tries to mug you if If you ever get burgled or whatever just let go of whatever you're holding and give it to them because Your life is much more important than like your possessions And so I was crying because I was like I can't believe I didn't just let go of everything Like why why was my natural instincts like hold on to my items? um But yeah, I'm I'm completely fine. Um, it was a bit traumatic. It was more than a bit traumatic I'm not gonna lie because like It's just weird like I think it's just such a violation and it's horrible that it still happens and even in London or whatever But yeah, that's basically what happened to me and um Yeah, I don't want to like I don't want to give like negative vibes I just thought like you I should know like that's why like I haven't really been posting because like to be honest It took me like a day to like set up like I had to get my old phone out my drawer And then the insurance has sent me my new phone It's like somewhere here, but I've been on call for so many days I haven't even had a chance to set up my phone or my cards or anything So I've literally just been living off of one of like someone in my family's like extra cards And like my old phone like it's all just been It's been a lot to say the least but um, thank god like I'm fine and I think that's all that matters Like I just it's given me so much time this week to like reflect like to be honest I've had quite like I had quite crap week last week and it gave me Even though I had such a crap week like I think I stayed so positive throughout it And I think it was just because I was just thinking like I really believe like a in like energy and like putting up positive vibes and like always being grateful for everything I could sit there and like Be like upset about like a rubbish week or I could thank god that I'd like to survive this week And like it could have been much worse and I hope that like I only get better weeks in the future And yeah, like I just think won't be careful when you go out as well. Like I know it's like It's a crappy thing. Like I don't really know I know it's a crappy thing to think about and I never really used to think about But um, yeah, just be very very careful when you go out and also like Be careful how you like approach people like if you're going up to someone Let's say you want to chat to them Just be careful be mindful that they might have gone through something traumatic like me like if someone taps me from behind I think I'd freak out rather like someone came up to me from like the front Um, so yeah, just be be mindful of people around you and stay positive and you'll have An amazing amazing amazing week. I hope that everyone has a good week now. I'm In a much better mood. Yeah, I'm just happy and grateful and blessed and Yeah, I think I'm gonna stop chatting rubbish. I think I'm gonna chat rubbish for ages now But yeah, I just thought I'd tell you that little story time Um, also, I think my skin is actually doing bits It's doing bits a good thing. I never know. I love that.  I don't know why every time I say I'm going out tonight It reminds me of have you guys seen that meme by young ads where he's like going on a date tonight Even though I'm not going on a day. I'm going out with the girls, but it is a day But it's not a day. Also, how cute is this weight? Let me show you how cute this little nude moment is love it model model I look like a Zara model that flop over Pose anyway Okay, so in the meantime, I actually have some work stuff to do I can't cope with how patchy this fake tan is coming up As I like stuff to do, so I'm going to do that and then I will catch up with you once I look a bit better and have washed off This fake tan. No, I'm so annoyed. I know I said I wouldn't come back until I've washed off this fake tan But I've opened up the replacement phone that my insurance has sent me And um, look at this please It is the wrong color It's the blue matchy fuming and I called them. They said we don't cover for color So I'm actually vexed and okay, so it means I'm gonna have to get a case which is fine Whatever, but I just realized I don't have the front screen protector So I can't even take it out now Because imagine if I take it out and I drop it and I crack the screen. I will be fuming Yeah, I'm not going to take it out. I wonder if Sinor's got a random extra screen protector My dad doesn't have one just asked him. No, these are like random thoughts Okay, I'm going to come back once I've washed this off my towel But I think we should do like one of those like cute hot girl transitions where I go from like this to BAM We ready to go I'll show you my outfit when I'm out because my friends have been waiting for me outside for 20 minutes They're gonna kill.


Hello and welcome to the Ed Hodl show presented by Buffalo Wildlings. I'm Greg Royce joined by Stevenson head football coach Ed Hodl The coach how last week you went to Albright for your conference opener and came away with a big W Yeah, it was a good trip. You know anytime you can go to Albright and get a win. It's it's a big win for your program You know historically they're they're very strong in the Mac and You know a day trip for us, which is a little bit out of the ordinary Getting up early Saturday morning jumping on a bus and going up a little bit of a slow start But overall, you know, I was pleased with our performance Yeah, I'm just kind of going through it on second quarter a couple of big things I stood out one they were down on their two-yard line third and gold two and you're able to make a defensive stop And then in the final minute you kind of touched down and took the lead It's time expired on a field goal to go up at half time I talked about momentum going in half time and you carry that in second half. Well, I think for us It was big, you know again with a little bit of a slow start for us then taking advantages of some of our miscues on defense and You know to not play particularly well and come out with a one-point lead at the half was certainly exciting I think gave the guys a little bit of a lift going in the third quarter. Yeah, and then third quarter You come out and scoring your opening possession Then really kind of not the backbreaker But really really shift the momentum and it's honey jones comes up with a Interception and a touchdown return that makes a two-score game. Absolutely, you know anytime you can score a defensive touchdown Particularly after you've scored an offensive touchdown after, you know a nice opening half drive It was big and you know at that point we were feeling pretty good And you know it opens up the playbook on both sides of the ball and gives the kids a little bit of extra bounce and Fortunately, we were able to execute the rest of the way Yeah, and if you obviously you look you look fire score 50-21 you want to say obviously the offense had a good day But obviously the defense, you know pitch the second half shut out and yeah, I don't remember the exact yardage But the the total yards the second half was like I think you have them a 50 yards or something like that Sure, you know our defense is growing up a little bit, you know on the back end of that group There's some some young guys that don't quite have you know a ton of game experience under their belts And you know and they're getting better and and and really adapting to what coach McCray and coach Nelson are putting in So it's exciting to watch them continue to progress, you know week to week But even you know from half to half taking a half-time adjustments and going out and being able to execute at a high level Consistently is something that we're very excited about. Yeah, and on the offense inside the ball You look there's a lot of balance. There's not one or two guys that kind of dominate the stat sheet You've got you know different guys scoring touchdowns, you know, I think however many six or seven different guys with touchdowns on Saturday Just to have that balance so they can't key it on me one or two receivers or one or two backs Sure, it's been it's been interesting, you know Monday We kind of go through the stat sheet with the guys and you know congratulate the guys on their first college touchdowns And it's been a you know There's been a handful each of the last couple weeks Which is exciting from an offensive perspective that we are able to spread the ball around and take advantage of our personnel The way that we've done it over the last several weeks is exciting for the program Yeah, absolutely now shifting years this week another conference game again on the road We're up at King's you know team that put up a bunch of points last week and scored a little bit Just talked about going to that game what you need to do to kind of You know to continue to build on what you did last week and keep the momentum up well for us It's you know, it's a long trip. It's it's our third straight week on the road So understanding how to prepare on the road understanding, you know staying in a hotel the night before It's going to be big and how we prepare To be the best football team that we can be on Saturday at one o'clock is going to be the key for us Yeah, absolutely. All right coach. Well, we wish you the best of luck this Saturday and we'll talk to you next week Thank you, Greg. All right for Ed Hoddle. I'm Greg Royce. This has been the Ed Hoddle show