Hello, good morning. I welcome all of you to the second day of lecture of computational fluid dynamics as far as my part is concerned. I know there were feedbacks that I was going very fast in my first lecture. This was intentional because the second part of the course which I will be covering which constitute the core part of the computational fluid dynamics after Prisroporonic had let down the foundations of fluid mechanics. The syllabus is lot although I am trying to cover it as a first course on computational fluid dynamics. So in my first lecture was just an introduction. So I was intentionally quite fast. So in the previous lecture I had given an introduction where I would like to emphasize certain points. First point which I want to emphasize is that I mentioned that what is the definition of computational fluid dynamics. I had suggested that you can define it as a method by which you can develop video camera like tool by which you can create a movie of fluid mechanics, fluid flow and heat transfer. And once you create a movie of fluid mechanics and heat transfer, fluid flow and heat transfer, the picture of this movies should corresponds to velocity vectors, streamline, vortices because one picture or one movie is not sufficient enough to give the complete story about the fluid flow. So we need different types of movies, different types of pictures to get an understanding. I also mentioned that if you create a movie of a flow situation to understand the characteristics of the flow, this is of primary interest to scientist. However for an engineer what is of interest is certain engineering parameter. Like an automobile industry they may not be that much interested in let us say flow structure behind the car or across an aeroplane. But what they may be interested is what is the price they have to pay as far as fuel economy is concerned and which is dictated by the fluid flow governing engineering parameters such as lift force and drag force. So once you create a movie you basically get a certain data and once you get a data in terms of the flow properties you need to post process this data near to the solid object to convert it into engineering parameter. So for that you have to do numerical differentiation to calculate the local parameters like local wall heat transfer or wall shear stress. And you may have to calculate, you may have to do numerical integration to calculate the global parameters or an average parameter like total rate of heat transfer on a wall or total shear force on a wall. Thereafter I had gone into the derivation of the continuity equation and momentum and energy equation. I had done the derivation in slightly different manner using a control volume based formulation. I derived the momentum and energy equation saying them to be a transport equation and I mentioned that this is a transport process which is going on as far as the momentum and energy conservation is concerned. And in this transport process I had mentioned that whenever there is a transportation there is a driver and there is a passenger. So I mentioned that the mass flow rates acts like a driver and the scalar quantities like the component of the velocity u velocity is the passenger in case of x momentum v in case of y momentum and temperature in case of energy equation. I also showed you an animation for flow between ice and fire to give you a feel. I would like to repeat that animation. So let us go to the animation I will show you in this window. So I will show you an animation although in the earlier lecture I had shown you as a static picture. But I believe that this animation this is just created by a power point animation and as all of your teacher I would draw your attention that you can create power point animation to give a better feel of a concept. So these are some of the few animations which I will be showing you. So let us suppose now you can see here that you will see an animation. So when you are standing between ice and fire and if I had mentioned that the diffusion phenomena which I am showing here as a conduction heat transfer the temperature which you experience is the mean of the two temperature that is 0 plus 100 divided by 2 that is 50 degree centigrade. This is I had mentioned about the two transport mechanism molecular transport and advective transport. So this right now the process which is being shown here corresponds to the molecular transport. Then the second transport which I mentioned advective transport here I am taking an example for heat transfer. This phenomena I would like to mention that they can be understood they can we can get a better feel of the advection phenomena through an example for heat transfer as compared to the momentum transport. Here if you are standing between ice and fire and the temperature which you experience depending upon the flow direction if the flow is from the ice side and I mentioned in my previous lecture that when we talk of advection phenomena we are saying a case where the flow velocities are very large. So if the flow velocity is very large from the ice side you experience a temperature close to 0 degree centigrade. Why so much side if the flow is from the fire side you experience a temperature close to 100 degree centigrade. Now let us take a situation where you have a combination of an advection and diffusion this is a more practical real world situation pure advection is a hypothesis because in practical situation you will not encounter pure advection there is always be some diffusion. So you cannot consider diffusion to be negligible. This is more practical situation which we call as a convection when you look into the flow as I mentioned earlier that the magnitude of the flow also dictates the temperature which you feel. So let us suppose from the ice side the temperature is 1 meter per second then let us then if there was no flow you were experiencing 50 degree centigrade. But when the flow started from the ice side the temperature which you will experience will be less than 50 degree centigrade. In the first example which I had shown here if the flow is 1 meter per second you get 40 degree centigrade and if the flow velocity increases from 1 to 100 you may experience temperature as low as 10 degree centigrade. Now why so much side if the flow is from the fire side with 1 meter per second you may experience a temperature greater than 50 degree centigrade if it is 1 meter per second let us say you get experience a temperature of 60 degree centigrade and if it increases to 100 meter per second you experience temperature close to 90 degree centigrade. So this was what I this give you a feel of the different types of phenomena and after this I had gone into the derivation of the continuity equation and then I went into derivation of the momentum equation and in momentum equation I would like to show you that these are the terms which represents the rate of change of x momentum y momentum and energy equation. And when you to a control volume analysis this is the x momentum which is going inside the control volume from the left surface and from the other surfaces these are the x momentum which are going in or out. So using this x momentum at the momentum fluxes x momentum flux multiplied by surface area at the different phases of the control volume you can just you have to just do a balancing out minus in and divide by the volume when you divide by the volume as these are flux term you get surface area divided by volume surface area divided by volume give you a length scale in the denominator and when you take the limit corresponding to that length scale you get a differential term. Similarly, we do in case of y momentum. So here y momentum flux multiplied by surface area is shown at the different phases of the control volume and here again when you do a balance and divide by the volume you get a differential term corresponding to what you call as the advection term in y momentum equation. When you go to the energy equation in a earlier slide it was x momentum flux and y momentum flux in energy equation here we are talking of an incompressible flow and in that case you get enthalpy fluid enters with some enthalpy it leaves with some other enthalpy here you do a balance of enthalpy and divide by the volume and end up with a differential term for momentum equation. So let us come back to the lecture. So that we have shown you the different fluxes as far as the advection term is concerned I have shown you animation for the diffusion phenomena, advection phenomena and a convection phenomena and other than this diffusion terms I had mentioned that other than the advection term we have a diffusion term and in case of momentum transport the diffusion terms comes from the viscous forces. I had shown you there are certain viscous forces which act at the phases of the control volume and basically when you apply when you take a fluid control volume you consider the viscous forces acting in the x direction and you do a balance you get a del dot sigma term and when you apply what I would like to draw an analogy between the fluid flow and heat transfer that whenever we do derivation like in case of heat transfer class may be in the first class of heat transfer when you derive you get del dot q and similarly in momentum transport when you do a derivation you get del dot sigma term then there are two types of laws in fluid mechanics and heat transfer one which is called as a fundamental law and second which is called as a subsidiary law. So, law of conservation of mass momentum and energy are fundamental laws and Newton's law of viscosity Fourier law of heat conduction are called as subsidiary law because what happens is that we correlate stresses with velocity gradient using this laws and using let us say Newton's law and we correlate the conduction heat fluxes with temperature gradient us using Fourier law of heat conduction. So, with that we get final diffusion terms which is del square k del square u in case of x momentum k del square v sorry mu del square u in case of x momentum mu del square v in case of y momentum and k del square t for energy equation. So, with this I had shown you the total mu stroke equation in dimensional as well as non dimensional form towards the end of the last lecture I had discussed about the flow properties and fluid properties. So, flow properties are those properties which represents a flow and they are velocities, pressures and the vortices and the fluid properties are the thermo physical property like density, viscosity, thermal conductivity and so on. I have also mentioned that there are two types of parameter one which is called as the governing parameter and second which is called as an engineering parameter. I had mentioned that whenever we do an analysis we try to do in a non dimensional form. So, the non dimensional form of this parameter like governing parameter is Reynolds number, Prandtl number, Weber number, Rayleigh number, Grashof number and the non dimensional form of the engineering parameters like non dimensional form of lift force is lift coefficient, drag coefficient, friction factor and so on. So, with this I had completed the last lecture and let us start today's lecture. I was left with 4, 5 slides of the previous lecture on introduction. So, I will start with those. This is a very important subtopic initial and boundary condition. I would like to mention that the governing equation or the conservation law which I had discussed earlier that same equation is applicable for various problems in fluid mechanics and heat transfer. However, so the same law, same equations are applicable for many situations of fluid mechanics and heat transfer almost all the situations in fluid mechanics and heat transfer. In some cases you may have some additional terms to for some complex situations as far as modeling is concerned. But this new stoke equation is applicable for large range of fluid mechanics and heat transfer problem. However, what you see is that you get different results. So, if let us say there are 100 problems and you get 100 different results what is that which makes the results different. What makes the result difference is the domain and the boundary condition. So, note that this initial and boundary condition acts as a jury to the problem. They dictate the solution. So, it is a very important thing you should try to understand the different types of boundary condition. If you look into the classification of boundary condition mathematicians have defined it into 3 types. Here I have taken an example of heat transfer to explain the boundary condition in a general manner. I would like to point out that this is basically a two dimensional and steady state heat conduction equation with volumetric heat generation. And in this equation what you see is that you have a first derivative with respect to time. So, you need one condition in time which we call as an initial condition. There are two derivatives in the x direction. So, you need two conditions at x direction. Let us say I take an example. Let us suppose you have a plate where taking a two dimensional heat transfer case. Let us say we have a plate whose which is taken from a furnace. Let us suppose when you took it from furnace the temperature is 200 degree centigrade. And let us assume that left wall is maintained suddenly when we took the this plate from the furnace we had subjected it to certain boundary condition. Let us assume that this plate is subjected to a constant wall temperature on the left wall. It is insulated on the bottom wall. On the right wall there is a constant heat flux boundary condition and on the top wall there is a convective boundary condition with H and T infinity as convective heat transfer coefficient and ambient temperature. So, with this problem set up now what I wanted to highlight is that you need two boundary conditions in the x direction. So, what are the two x direction? This is corresponds to x equals to 0. This right wall corresponds to x equals to l 1. There are double there is a second derivative in y direction. So, you need two boundary conditions in y direction which is y is equals to 0 which is insulated and y is equals to l 2 which is convective heat transfer boundary condition. So, this looking into the order of the differential equation you can know you can decide that how many conditions you need to solve that problem. Now, mathematicians have classified the boundary conditions into three types. Initially, where the value of the variable is prescribed note that here we are talking of temperature, but this definition is generic in nature. This is also applicable for fluid flow case. So, in fluid flow situations if the temperature is prescribed if the velocity is prescribed then that then also it is called as a Dirichlet boundary condition. Then we have a Neumann boundary condition is that where the gradient is prescribed like when it is insulated what is the gradient? Gradient is 0 when it is a constant heat flux what is the gradient? Gradient is minus q w by k. So, whether the constant is 0 or non-zero if the gradient is prescribed then that boundary condition is called as a Neumann boundary condition. However, if you have a linear combination like when you have a q conduction is equals to q convection at top wall then at top wall q conduction is equals to minus k dT by dy at y is equals to l 2 is equals to q convection is by applying Newton's law of cooling h temperature at top wall minus T infinity. Now, this expression consists of a gradient of temperature and the value of temperature. So, it can be expressed as a linear combination of temperature and it is normal gradient. So, when temperature is prescribed it is Dirichlet when gradient is prescribed it is Neumann and when you have a linear combination of the temperature of the variable and it is gradient then this is called as a robin or mixed type of boundary condition. This is a very important topic this example had taken from heat transfer. Now, let me take an example from fluid flow this is a classical problem of heat and fluid flow across a circular cylinder right now I am showing it as a circular cylinder, but it could be an aeroplane also. So, it is an external flow problem. So, in this case when you want to set up the problem as I said that if you want to create a movie you have to zoom to certain region in space.  Here the space which we take to let us say create a movie of fluid mechanics is what is shown here this is the left wall this is the right wall and this is the bottom wall and this is the top wall. So, within this wall you have zoomed. Now, once you zoom to a region in space then as I said that this makes your computational domain and another thing you should know that you cannot arbitrarily zoom to a region in space. You may feel that if I take very small instead of this rectangle size of this rectangle if I take very small whether it is ok or not you have to actually understand the boundary conditions which you are using before selecting the domain. So, let us talk about the boundary condition. So, what is the boundary condition on the left hand side? Left hand side we are taking the inlet boundary conditions. So, when you talk of free stream flow the inlet boundary condition is u is equals to u infinity v is equals to 0 and temperature is ambient. We are taking a problem where this circular cylinder is having a temperature it could be two types of heat transfer problem. First constant wall temperature second constant heat flow. So, here at shown though both this cases. So, when there is a free stream flow we have to take an inlet boundary. So, the flow comes from this side we have to take an outlet boundary and it goes on this side. Now, let us look into the boundary conditions which we are applying and let us try to understand that as far as this position of the left wall and the right wall is concerned whether it could be arbitrary or there should be some physical basis of the position of this boundary. I would like to draw your attention again as I mentioned that CFD is just a numerical method where which is guided by a fluid mechanics principle. So, here we will use numerical method, but we have to whatever we do we have to be guided by the fluid mechanics principle. So, I am asking question that the position of this left wall can it be too close? What happens if it is very too close? Physically if you consider flow across any object let us suppose if you consider flow across a car let us assume that this instead of this circle there is a car here. What happens when the flow comes near to the surface of the car? Let me go to the outlet and then maybe you can appreciate this in a much better way. I am saying this is the outflow boundary conditions and this is the inflow boundary conditions. If you how does the streamline as far as your understanding fluid mechanics is concerned what do you feel how the streamline pattern will be? Initially it will be straight up to certain distance then what should happen? It will start the streamlines which are above the horizontal centre line passing through the cylinder will try to move up will have to move up. The streamlines which are below the horizontal centre line of passing through the centre of the circle. Let us take horizontal centre line which is passing through the centre of the circle and let us try to understand the streamline pattern. The streamlines which are above this horizontal line will initially be horizontal but when it comes close to the cylinder it has to go up. The streamline which are below the horizontal line of the cylinder horizontal line have to go down to obey mass conservation. Now if you take this boundary very close so what we have the deviation of the streamline basically means that the velocity is deviating from u is equals to u infinity. When the streamline is deviating from horizontal when it is becoming inclined what does it mean? When it is horizontal v velocity is 0. As soon as it gets inclined it means that there is some v velocity which is generated. So if you take this left boundary very close to this let us say car or a cylinder or an airplane what you are doing is that you are forcing that u is equals to u infinity which is not correct. So this left boundary needs to be and this depends upon the Reynolds number also. Like at Rhone and Reynolds number the deviation start with a much larger upstream length because the diffusion phenomena is more dominant in those cases. It is a lower Reynolds number case. So this upstream length let me call the horizontal distance from the centre of the cylinder to this wall as let us say upstream length. So this upstream length for lower Reynolds number should be much larger as compared to that at the high Reynolds level. So this is about the inlet boundary. Now let us go to the outlet boundary. What is the boundary conditions which we are using at the outlet? This boundary condition where do we use? Del u by del x is equals to 0. This we use for flow in a plane channel or for flow in a pipe. This is what is called as a fully developed boundary condition. You are saying that the inertia of the flow in the stream wise direction is equals to 0. Can you assume this fully? So this is basically a fully developed boundary conditions which are you are using at outlet with pressure is equals to 0. Whenever you use this boundary condition you are saying that the gradient of u velocity is equals to 0. Based on your understanding in fluid mechanics you have to make sure that the flow which is going behind this let us say car or another plane can whether the flow will be fully developed immediately downstream of this object or it needs some distance to get fully developed. What does the fluid mechanics say? You need some distance, quite some distance, large distance. Note that in computational fluid dynamics this outflow is a very critical thing. Many people use CFD software without proper understanding and they take this boundary very close and do not realize that they are using a fully developed boundary condition in a region where there is a flow separation where there are vortices where this expressions are not applicable. Like if you consider a car what happens behind the car when the flow passes through the top surface of the car on the rear side it gets separated because on the rear side there is a diffuser type of situation where the flow has to diverge. So it is an adverse pressure gradient which gives rise to flow separation. Now in the flow separation region there are vortices which are generated and the flow is not fully developed. So if you put your right boundary just behind the object then you are forcing this boundary condition saying that the flow is fully developed. But you know from the understanding of fluid mechanics that when the flow separation takes place then the flow has to go to much larger distance downstream after it becomes fully developed. You may say that at outlet why cannot we use u is equals to u infinity and v is equals to 0. I would say you can use but for that you need much larger downstream length to apply this boundary condition. If you try to understand the flow behind the object may be a car or an aeroplane initially there is a flow separation and then the flow becomes fully developed and then it reaches to u is equals to u infinity. And the position of this you want as close to this object as possible why? The idea is very simple.  But here what I am trying to caution you is that you have to zoom to a region very intelligently because this boundary of this region you are applying a boundary condition and that boundary condition should be realistic, should be guided by the fluid mechanics principle. So understanding of fluid mechanics should be used in the positioning of this boundary. It cannot be used as boundaries at any position and you want it to be as close as the subject because most of the action is happening near to the solid surface and smaller is your domain size. So smaller is the size of the domain you can have larger number of grid and get more accuracy in the result or you have you can get the result in less computational time less computational cost. You have to run your computer you have to pay the electricity bill for less amount of time. So this is about the left boundary and the right boundary. If you go to the bottom boundary and top boundary again here you can say that why cannot I use u is equal to infinity v is equal to 0. But the boundary condition which I am showing you is a better boundary condition because as you move away from the cylinder initially this boundary condition will be obeyed then that boundary condition will be obeyed. So this is a better boundary condition. Using this boundary condition you can get an accurate result with lesser height of the computational domain. To use u is equal to u infinity on the bottom and top boundary you need a much larger domain height. So this is so here boundary condition which I am showing you is called as a free slip boundary condition. What free slip boundary condition means is like here I am showing you v is equal to 0. What is the v velocity on this boundary? This is a horizontal boundary. So v is basically normal velocity is equal to 0 and what is u velocity on this boundary? It is a tangential and what is this direction to the boundary? This is normal. So this is the normal gradient of tangential velocity is equal to 0. So in general a free slip boundary condition means normal velocity is equal to 0, normal gradient of tangential velocity is equal to 0. For temperature it is like an insulated boundary condition. Normal gradient of temperature is equal to 0. So this is a very important topic. So I had to discuss this in detail. So I had taken an example, a classic example of an external flow and with that I had discussed the boundary conditions for the fluid flow. But let me tell you that again in the earlier slide as I discussed this different types of boundary condition these are not only applicable for temperature that is in this slide but this definition is equally applicable for the fluid flow situation. So here you can see what is the type of this boundary condition? Here the variable is prescribed. So this is a Dirichlet boundary condition. On this boundary gradient is prescribed. This is a Neumann boundary condition. So here also you have different types of boundary. Here you do not have a Robin or mixed type of boundary condition. On the solid wall if temperature is prescribed it is Dirichlet. If the constant heat flux is prescribed it is a Neumann boundary condition. So after starting with the equations in a dimensional, non-dimensional form I had shown you the initial and boundary condition. So now another important thing which you need in as I said in fluid mechanics is that one is the what you call as the engineering parameter which are also called as the integral parameter. I am showing you here how to calculate this engineering parameter like drag force, lift force and the rate of heat transfer. Basically they are calculated using a surface integral.  And on that closed surface you have to do this integration. Now what is this integration? You have n dot sigma. What is this n? n is the unit normal vector. So if it is a curved surface unit normal vector will vary from point to point. If it is a horizontal surface what will be this n? It will be j. If it is a vertical surface this n will be i i hat. In general if it is an inclined flat plate this normal unit vector will have ai plus bj. Sigma is a second order tensor. So the dot product of a vector with the second order tensor is a vector. So you get net force. This force will act in any arbitrary direction. Now this force has a horizontal component which is called as a drag force and a vertical component. So this is called as a lift force. This is a total force which is acting on the object which may be surface of the car or aeroplane. This horizontal component if you want you have to take the dot product of this with i. So this if you take the dot product of this with i you get a horizontal component. If you take a dot product with j then you get this vertical component. And this stresses varies point to point on the surface of a car or aeroplane. You have to do a surface integral to calculate the total drag force, total lift force. Now when you want to calculate the rate of heat transfer, unit normal vector this is a here it was dot product of a unit normal vector with a tensor. In heat transfer stress is a tensor but what about the rate of heat transfer? Heat flux it is a vector. The dot product of a unit normal vector with another vector will give you a component which is aqx plus bqy. So this I am showing here more generic mirror if you look into undergraduate heat transfer books these are shown in much more simplified manner. Here I have taken an example of flow across a horizontal plate and I have shown you expression of the drag force and the lift force. Here the unit normal vector is plus j on the top side, minus j on the bottom side and using this expressions what you finally get is shown here. So I will stop here.


You two must keep going. No, I'm coming with you! The Prince of Altea. We've come here to save you. Remember that you can rely on your friends. We're with you. Get it together, you two. If you can't do this, who can? You fought your way this far. There's nothing you two can't do. No matter the danger, we can overcome it if we're working together. All right. Let's move out. Working together, we can finish this!


Action! Good morning YouTubers! Here we are with Julie and Kevin, our friend Kevin. We're going to go hiking today and we're going to go over looking for some mines. So stick around, we'll see what we find. Should be a great day. So we ran across this old artifact. It's a great, it has a pivot point on one side and on this side it's got an arm that would have been able to, it's really heavy.  It's way too heavy for like a cooking thing. I don't know what it is. It's pretty big though, pretty cool. Maybe when you guys know what it is, let me know. So here we came across a little tent pad. You can see the outline of it. They would clear it out and raise it up just a tad to keep the water out for a wall tent.  And here's the road. See this is the old mine road right here and this would go back, this goes back down towards the, up towards the silver be, or the golden be up that way. Here we are on top of a pretty substantial waste rock pile. Some barrels and other parts and stuff down there, lumber. You can see in the distance down there, there were some tent sites, the rocks, the squares, and then there was an old cabin over that way. The cabin is flat now. Looking right below me there was a tank with some mill tailings around it. Up there is a chute, like a combination orbin chute. They probably fed the mill. There's a shaft that's gated up back that way. Kevin and Julie's still here. We're heading to another couple of mines. I see the waste piles over here to our left. Tom's going to go investigate first. We found a hole in the wall in the mountain. Here comes the mine explorer. Here comes Kevin the mine explorer. Is this the first mine you've been in? Yes. Okay, so we're heading into the mine. You can see where they've seen Kevin these flat spots over here, like this wall. This is where the mineral vein was along this wall. That's what they call a fissure, or the contact zone, where the minerals pushed up along this wall. That's what they've taken out. They've stripped right off that wall. You'll see that a lot in mines. You'll see the smooth wall. Here are some more timber sets straight ahead. They put that in some places that aren't quite stable. Yeah. It's getting warm, isn't it? This is a little crosscut, so they follow the vein over this way. Usually it's right up. That's okay. I know they do scare you. That's okay though. They won't get you. They won't get you. Did he go this way? Well, then he was going to see him again. It's okay. He won't get you. You can just stand up. Don't be scared. Yeah, a lot of that sometimes is tortoise, believe it or not.  Well, it's got an end. Maybe it goes up. It's got an end sooner or later. You knew it wouldn't get me real big ones. He went right through us. He actually hit my hand. Yeah. That's the end of it. So this is what they call the face of the mine. Now this is the face of the mine. That's as far as they went. He's done the explorers coming back out. Crawling. Get out of here, better than I am. But then I'm old. On my end, I got her. Yeah, just a second. And when I go to stand up. That's what's hard when you have. We need to go to stand up. There you go. There are the mine explorers. Okay, we're in another mine here. There's a skip track and a bridge. Julie just crossed the bridge. There are a couple little timber sets here. And an old, old skip track. And an old bridge. The right side of the bridge is blown out. But Julie made it. That doesn't mean I can make it. This is looking down the skip ladder. They wouldn't get on there later. Okay, Kevin, Julie and I are exploring this little mine. It's not going to be a huge one. Look at the natural timbers they use. You know, it's not come out. It's not milled lumber. Boy, that's a little guy, isn't it? Look at the old can. Vines. Okay, move aside a little bit. Oh, that's low in there. There's the face. I'm going to cross the bridge. So this is the top of the ladder for the skip track. It's got some steel brackets hooks for the ladder top that hook onto this 4x4 right here. And this is looking down at probably 25 feet. I can't tell if there's a level down there. All right, Julie said she wants to be the first one down this skip ladder. I'm not exactly sure why, but that's what she said. Because I can barely fit. That next one looks a little... Yeah, watch out. That one is coming off, kind of. Just hang on to something. Watch out for rocks. Do a little gardening on the way down. Something doesn't fall on your retinas. Give your camera in your pocket. Your light. Can you turn your light up? Did you only go twice? Hold on a second, will you? Did your light only go twice? There you go. These are held together by like old wire hangers. Is there a little drift?  Okay, Julie's nearing the bottom of the shaft. She's clearing some spider webs. Big, big spider. Trancella? I don't know, but it was big. You just wrecked his home. That's why he's mad at you. Well, he's gonna have problems too. It's like the rest of us. Does it look like there's a level? Yeah, it goes off that way. Okay. All right, Julie's coming back up the ladder after the big explorer down there went ahead of that nice little drift. There she comes. Is that down there? Yeah, hot. Spidey? I'm a little warm too. All right, good job, Julie Explorer. Well, you guys, we hope you enjoyed the video. It was fun going out with Kevin and Julie, of course, and with beautiful Pinto Mountain and the Pinto Basin behind us. We thank you for watching the video and we'll see you in our next adventure. See ya. Bye.


I'm Ashley Nolan and today I'm in the DCU's Grasnevam campus to interview the two candidates running for Irish officer, Keira Doyle and Sirke-Nique Neely. These candidates are running in the upcoming Student Union elections. So Keira Doyle, you are running for the role of Irish officer. What do you feel you could bring to the role? I feel I can bring to the role. I have a lot of passion and a lot of love for the Irish language. I've been studying it since I was four years old. I went to Irish primary school and secondary school when I was doing my three-show Irish. I feel that I can bring the love and passion I have for the language into the role and try and influence other people to take on that kind of love for the language. A lot of things I want to do is engage students better into the use of the language. Something I want to do is an initiative to have a Gwail Gorn Amisa to have university-wide initiatives to engage the students in Irish language by setting up activities such as text translation, Snapchat, Little Hunts, and Shanicals. Okay, and Keira is the current Irish officer and I'm just wondering what do you think that you would change about what she's doing or that you would improve upon? I am currently not in university this year. I'm away on Intra in Seville, so I don't really have a firsthand knowledge of what she has been up to other than the emails that I receive every week, but I don't think I can really fully answer on how she's done this year. Okay, okay. Can I ask, what do you believe that's your part then from the other candidates that's running? Sorry, could you repeat that? What do you believe that's your part from the other candidate that is running? What it says in this part is, I'd say I've been in the university longer. I'm a third year student. I feel that I might have a better understanding of university life than her.  I believe she's an education student. I might not have the same type of time for the role as I would. Can I ask, as you spoke quite a bit there at the beginning about wanting to engage students, what are your ideas for incorporating Irish into the daily university life across all of the three DC campuses? Something that I want to do is start Irish lessons for arousal students, but have it through their own language, such as French, Spanish, etc. I've come across a lot of people that have asked me like, can I pick up Irish even though I don't speak very good English, and they've shown a lot of interest in the language. So that's something that I would love to take on if I was elected next year, and also another thing would be like during Shack in the Gweilge, to have a Snapchat geo filter competition to engage students in the use of language and to also make use of their creativity and get them thinking through Irish. Yeah, perfect. That's brilliant Kira. Thank you very much for your time. I hope I'll go and melt you over there in Fevelle, okay? Thank you. Okay, thank you. Thank you. Bye bye. So, Sir Kenia, you are running for the position of Irish officer. Can you tell me what you think you bring to that role? I am very lucky as a native speaker, so I grew up surrounded by the language and by the culture as well. I have a whole wealth of experience behind me from being involved as an Irish officer in another organisation. I also have an awful lot of connections to other organisations that are involved in the Irish language. I feel like they've really helped this position. I'm also very thankful for the work that Kira has done this year, as if I could agree again, she was absolutely incredible. She did pull the binder, and I would love to build on the work that she did previously as well and leave my own mark on the S and U team. And you mentioned Kira there. Is there anything in particular that she did that you'd love to change or improve on? I suppose I know her, and I wouldn't criticise her ever, but I would love to have more frequent events than we have presently.  Of course, there is, to be fair, replacement and duty calls, but it would be nice if we had more events running from the get-go from day one when those first-year students walk in the door, have them seeing the presence of the S U with Gregor. I suppose, as well, getting more frequent kind of fun events going on, so things like free-shine night, pop-up guerrillas, that could be great practice, get everyone down, having a bit of fun on the square again, maybe a few trap songs. You never know, I might get out and do a rendition of something, and it depends how much you get into me. I'd also love to have an event for Culture Night. I think that it would be a huge loss if we didn't, as it's playing the Gregor again, we need to try and promote language more on campus, but Culture Night could bring everyone to all hellos, and we could get them into the heart of school in the Gregor again, get them to really experience what there is to avail of there, but it would also get people speaking Irish on top of that as well. And what do you think the new component of the role that Moogir and Colin cut? I had a huge amount of experience. Previously, I spent the last year working as if with the Gregor for the Irish Second Love Students Union, and I really enjoyed that role, part of my role was translation, and I just feel like the moment we're lacking a bit of presence on social media, in terms of Irish language translations and posts that go up, it would be nice to have both a Latin Gregor and a Latin bearer up, during playing the Gregor at least, I can't guarantee that people would agree to that, but it would be really nice. On top of that, I have huge amounts of experience in terms of organising events. I really enjoy it and I have a huge amount of contacts, and I think it could be really cool to apply for funding, I get some really cool regular events going from Irish language classes to obviously the part of Gwail Towns before Shine Out, and also to get everyone out there and just having a bit of crack last grade again, basically. And then what are your ideas for bringing Irish to all of the campuses in DC, because we have got three campuses at the moment, what are your ideas for that? Well, my hope will be that the hope will be done soon, and once that is complete, it will be really nice to avail of that space to possibly have a ball in the grill again and have all three campuses, and as I'm saying, that's the wrong language, have them able to avail of that space and come along and get on, let's stop just to speak Irish. I also think that it would be really nice to have some regular events going on on all three campuses, but I think at the moment, our main focus should be getting the funds out of Irish out there, especially during this momentous year. Thank you so much for coming. No problem. So there you have it, there are two candidates for Irish officer in this year's Student Union elections. You can log on to Loop Now and vote across all of the categories, and results will be out on Friday. Ashley Nolan, DCU TV News.


So good morning, good afternoon, good evening, colleagues. Following the sobering comments from Padma and Ben, this is, I suspect, a timely presentation to have. And hopefully you'll be all a little bit more optimistic at the end of this. So when I was looking back at my notes, the last time we talked about vaccines was in January this year. And a lot has happened in that space. A lot of development work, but probably the most significant one is that a fairly large number of Illry staff and CGIR staff have actually had their first COVID-19 vaccine shot. Unfortunately, we can't add this to that group, the Ethiopian group, but as they are very well aware, senior management have been making all sorts of arrangements, trying to secure and procure vaccines for the other's campus as well. So that's been a positive move forward, although there's still a long way to go. So what I thought I would do today is to give an update on COVID vaccines. Although we already have some, there are many more that are in the pipeline. Unfortunately, as we're aware, there's a supply problem in terms of the current vaccines, but we've also finally reached a stage where there's a lot of comparative data now coming out at the end of phase three trials, talking about vaccine performance, also talking about the immune responses to the various vaccines. And so there's a lot more information to present. And I also finally want to end up talking about a couple of in-house tests that we've developed at Illry to support COVID laboratory research and Anna will talk at the end of this about one of the newer ones. So as I said, we'll divide this into three sections. I'll talk about vaccines, vaccines applied, then move over into vaccine performance and then end with in-house tests. Now, I hope that you will be able to recall the earlier presentations that I've made so that you can follow some of the designs and the details and I'll try and remind you of what, as we go along. So next slide, please. So the COVID vaccine research is still a very fluid landscape. There are a remarkable 102 vaccine trials that are going on in clinical development. So if you remember, this means that there are 102 efforts going on in humans. There are 185 vaccines still in pre-clinical development. So that means basically still laboratory work or animal experiments going on. And the table below points shows you a breakdown of those 102 trials that are going on in clinical development. This we've lost you. Yeah, I got muted by the host. Oh, okay. Where did- I didn't like what you were saying. Obviously, I might as well stop talking now. Where did you lose me from? You were just referring to this table of the 102. You have that sub-unit on this table. Okay, great. Thanks, Jimmy. So the table below here breaks down the 102 trials that are going on in clinical development into the various platforms. And as you can see, the number one that's up in that list is protein-based sub-unit vaccines that are coming up that are still being trialed. There are also other types of platforms that are being used. So the viral-vected ones that we've talked about before DNA-based vaccines inactivated SARS-CoV-2 viruses and then the RNA viruses. And you've got another bunch of different types of platforms that are being trialed, but in much lower numbers. On the right-hand side, if you look at the phase two trials, there are 34 vaccines that are in phase two trials. So that means in humans that are being used to look at the immunogenicity. And there are remarkable 30 trials in phase three. So this means looking at the efficacy in humans with respect to the vaccines that are being used or being developed, I should say. Now, obviously not all efforts have been successful and four have been abandoned. Now, as we go on, unfortunately running phase three trials will become more challenging. And the reason for this is because if you think about it, we have a lot more people now who have recovered from infection, vaccines are being rolled out. And so finding populations to work with is going to become much more difficult. And in fact, what might end up happening is we may start to see a possibility of controlled human infection trials, which I had mentioned in one of my previous presentations. So next please. So one of the vaccine efforts that I thought I would highlight, no, please go back. So one of the vaccine efforts which is in preclinical development, which I thought I would highlight, which might not tickle, but would be of interest, is actually based on Newcastle disease virus. So I'm sure most of you or at least those of you who work in poultry will have heard about Newcastle disease and there's an attenuated vaccine that's used in poultry. Well, that virus is now being manipulated to be able to use it as a vaccine as the adenovirus vaccines have been used. And one of the advantages here if this works is that it could actually be produced in eggs like the influenza vaccines. And so production becomes much of a less constraint if this Newcastle disease virus vaccine works. I thought it was an interesting example of an agricultural virus being now used for human vaccine development work. So next slide, please. So this lists the current vaccines that WHO has listed in their emergency use. And there are six of them which are listed on the left hand side. That's Pfizer and Moderna, which are the mRNA vaccines. AstraZeneca and Johnson and Johnson which are the adenovirus vaccines. And then Sinofarm and Sinovac which are the inactivated viral vaccines. And the importance for having emergency use listing is that these vaccines then become available through the COVAX facility. And I've mentioned the COVAX facility previously. This is the facility that's designed to try to roll out vaccines particularly to low and middle income countries to get at least 30% of the population that are vaccinated so that they can get over the acute phase of the disease when it occurs there. Now the Novavax vaccine which is the leading protein based vaccine. This is now in a pre-submission meeting that's been going into WHO. Now the six that are listed here are not the only vaccines that are being used. There are actually 16 that are being used. So for example, we've talked about the Sputnik vaccine previously. And there are other vaccines that are being used but these have not been listed yet by WHO. And so officially they're not available through COVAX. And what's interesting is that we know that SARS-CoV-2 can get into animals. For example, in mink and in cats there've been infections in tigers unfortunately death of zoo animals. And so vaccines are now being used or have been developed for use in animals. And these are vaccines coming out from the Russian labs as well as Zoetis is now getting into this space. So next slide please. So in total as Jimmy showed in the earlier statistics about 2.1 billion doses of vaccines have actually been administered. And this map here shows where most of those vaccines have been used. And this is starting from December last year. And unfortunately, as you can see that the rollout in low and middle income countries has been very poor and less than 1% of these vaccines that have been actually administered have been utilized in sub-Saharan Africa, for example. So next slide please. So this led to the WHO director general making a statement about the shocking global disparity in vaccine use. And if you remember previously we talked about the vaccine nationalism, vaccine hoarding whatever you want to call it which led to construction of the COVAX facility. And COVAX has now constituted a task to look at the supply chain and manufacturing aspects of the vaccines to see if this could be used to enhance the supply. So the COVAX task force has developed three work streams an immediate one that's looking at partnerships to enhance input supplies, looking at restrictions in trade and then enhancing the fill and finish matching which is basically taking a vaccine that's produced by somebody else and then bottling it. And then in the medium term, they're looking at how to create global manufacturing capacities, utilize existing capacities and develop regulatory and manufacturing workforces. And in the long that expanding capacities in manufacturing capacities in low and middle income countries. Now on the right hand side you can see who the major players are in that. And the WHO and Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, CEPI, GAVI, UNICEF are all involved in this. And next slide. An interesting development that's coming out of the WHO is to create an mRNA manufacturing training facility. So these you remember, the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines are kind of the leading mRNA vaccines. And what they want to do is to constitute a hub and training for production in low and middle income countries. And this just shows you the timeline and vision that they have for this. And what's interesting is that this facility will not just be obviously for COVID vaccines, but it would be designed then to be able to also make flu vaccines and other types of vaccines that would be required in low and middle income countries. Next slide please. So if we go back to the challenges in increasing the supply of vaccines that this has been broken down and into four major categories. The first one is just to improve the flow of raw materials to sites of manufacture. And one of the issues is that there are trade barriers on specialized equipment, reagents, production capacity. And we've heard also in fact of trade barriers being imposed by countries, basically to prevent their own manufacturing capacities. The second one is that there is a need to harmonize regulatory processes across different countries. So at the moment, as we know, many countries require local studies and local compliance to be carried out before vaccines can be start to be used. And the third is expanding manufacturing capacity, as we've just discussed, especially in developing countries. And the problem here involved technology transfer, installing, upgrading manufacturing plants and also the people capacity. They're not enough expertise for people on the ground and actually making clean rooms is one of the most difficult components that needs to be taken into account.  It's amazing, apparently, how difficult this is. We should ask Andreas about this purchasing issues, timelines and there's a requirement for over a hundred components that go into the manufacturing of these vaccines. So the supply chain issues are massive. So next slide, please. So one of the problems that still contributes towards these issues is that we still don't know enough about scale up of the current vaccines that are being used. You remember we said that mRNA vaccines have never been used before. So there are very few contract manufacturing organizations for this. And although Pfizer has been carrying out multi-site upgrades and actually subcontracting to those who can help them. So for example, Novartis, Lonza, Catalan, who are manufacturing facilities. This is always something that's still being learned. Now there's a new company that's come on the horizon called CureVac from Germany. It's another German company that's been making mRNA vaccines and their vaccine now only needs 12 micrograms of mRNA per dose. So where is the Moderna vaccine and the Pfizer vaccine use 100 and 300 micrograms? So per gram of mRNA, you can see that the CureVac vaccines would go much longer way. And so we're hoping that the CureVac vaccines will come online fairly quickly. Now, unfortunately, the adenovirus vaccines are difficult to scale up reliably. So there's batch to batch variation. And these are looking at 10,000 liter, 20,000 liter fermentation processes. And even the companies are struggling to have reproducibility in terms of the virus that can be recovered from their systems. Now AstraZeneca has 15 manufacturing sites, sorry, 25 sites in 15 countries. And this doesn't include the efforts from the Syram Institute of India. Now Janssen has now got help from Merck, the emergent biological E to help produce vaccines. And Sputnik now is apparently looking at manufacturing in 10 different countries. Now the recombinant proteins, when they come online, as we've talked about earlier, protein-based vaccines have been in use much longer. So there's a much more know-how and scale up of protein-based vaccines. But these will need adjuvants. And so there's a concern that adjuvants may become the limiting factor when protein vaccines come to sight. But then again, people are looking at how to scale this up. So the vaccine landscape is going to look quite different over the next few years. And one of the important things to keep in mind is that all of the current vaccines are under emergency use authorization. Now it's quite likely that the Pfizer and the Moderna vaccines will get FDA approval for general use. Now what that means then is that these companies can actually start their own campaigns. They no longer are bound by the emergency use. They can start their own direct marketing to consumers. They can start advertising. They can start changing their prices. They can start doing all sorts of things. And so this is potentially an area of concern that I thought would be something to earmark. We don't know what the impact of that will have on the general supply and cost structures and also how they then start using these vaccines. Okay, so next slide please. So that was a brief update on the vaccines in the supply chain issues and those in the pipeline. I wanna turn now briefly to talking about the comparative data. There's enough data now that's come out from all of the phase three trials. And if you concentrate on the left-hand side of this figure, what you can see is that the vaccine efficacies and which are shown in the red dots here and the pink lines identify confidence intervals. You can see that the vaccine efficacy rates go from 95% right down to 50%. And the WHO requirement was for 50% efficacy. So you can see that by the Pfizer, Moderna, Sputnik, Novavax, they're all at the upper end. Sinovac, which is an inactivated virus vaccine. The AstraZeneca is kind of in the middle. But next slide please, next rather. What's remarkable is that despite this range of different efficacy against disease, they all protect against severe disease, right? To 100% all of them. So although you have a huge range in efficacy, they all protect against severe disease. And that's the key metric that we're looking at because it prevents hospitalization. It prevents stresses from the medical services and also protects against death. So they don't all protect against mild disease. Now we've heard about the emergence of variants. The data so far looks like there is sufficient protection against variants. And as we get to know more about the immune responses that are generated by these vaccines, it's this data is feeding back towards developing better vaccines for the future use and also diagnostics. One key factor that still remains to be identified is the duration of immunity. We don't know how long this immunity is going to last and the requirement for booster doses. So next slide. Now because of one of the supply chain issues, people started wondering about mix and max vaccinations. And there's now data coming up to show that this clearly works. Now, most of the vaccines that are being used require two shots. So that's a prime and a boost, but that is two shots of the same vaccine. So the Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, these are two shots of the same vaccine. Immunity starts to kick in under the first shot, but it's then maximum after the second shot. Now, in immunological terms, it's been known for a while that if you do what's called a heterologous prime and boost, so this is the mix and match. So these are two shots with different vaccines. So for example, AstraZeneca first and then Pfizer. Well, what's been shown now is that there's a superior antibody response from an AstraZeneca first Pfizer second compared to two AstraZanicas, for example. However, one of the downsides is that there may be more minor side effects that have been noticed in this, but there's pretty solid evidence now coming up from this. So from the immunologists are not kind of surprised by this, but it's good to have a confirmation of this from in the scientific field. Now, while the mix and match vaccinations might work, obviously the companies are not particularly thrilled by this approach because it reduces their sales. And so we'll have to see now what happens in the future with respect to whether this starts to become a recommended use of vaccines or not. And the next slide here shows some really nice, exciting data. If you remember very early on, we talked about the importance of an antibody response and an antibody response that neutralizes the virus from causing an infection. So this now is a really nice study coming out from Australia which uses modeling as well as their approaches that they've been used in influenza studies and showing that there's a very nice correlation between the neutralization activity and protective efficacy. Now, unfortunately, this is a science paper and they've used the scientific names of the vaccines. And so on the right-hand side there, I've just listed a key which breaks down what those mean. So right at the top end of the curve, you've got the Moderna, Novavax and Pfizer vaccines. And then it comes down all the way down to the Coronavax or Sinovac vaccine. And in the middle of that, you've got convalescent. So these are people who've recovered from COVID and apologies for the typo over there. So this is the antibody response in people who've recovered from infection. And as you see, they fall very nicely in this curve showing that they will also have protection against viral infections in the future. So what this means is there are lots of, I should add that there are several caveats to this study because the study took data coming out of phase three trials and so they've had to do a lot of normalization of that data. But even then it's a striking correlation. But what this really does show is that antibody responses could be used as an additional tool in trying to predict vaccine efficacies, improve vaccine design, and then also perhaps eventually in terms of trying to see whether there is enough immunity that's left in a population that's been either vaccinated or those that might require booster doses. Because as you can see here, not everybody reacts equally to the vaccines. Hence you've got these long whiskers here as are shown in here. So this also highlights the need for standardization of assays across different efforts to be able to interpret data appropriately. So the next slide. So WHO continues to play a big role in all of this obviously. And just yesterday there was a WHO webinar which talked about how they were gonna be coordinating the global response to the variants. So this is taking a leaf out of what WHO does for the influenza seasonal vaccines. And so they will be playing a major role in the identification and characterization of the variants. They've recently come out with the new nomenclature for variants. I see that David has picked up on this. So for example, they're no longer being called from the geographical isolates where they were first seen but they're now being given Greek alphabet numbers. So for example, the Delta variant is the one that was first identified in India but they're now being called the Delta variant. So WHO has now constituted various task forces that will look at the variants, what are the possibilities of these variants breaking through vaccines, the need for modifying vaccines. And there were a number of producers of vaccines who were talking at this webinar and what they're doing in terms of preparedness in case variant vaccines are needed as well. That is not the case at the moment but should the need arise, the industry is gearing up towards how to respond to vaccine failures due to variants. Okay, so now moving into the last part of this presentation and that's just talking, next slide please. Talking about some of the in-house assays that we've developed. And as you're aware, we've repurposed ill-re-facilities and expertise to support the SARS-CoV-2 lab research. Next slide please. And in particular, we've been supporting the Ministry of Health, the government of Kenya here, carrying out PCR test diagnostic testing and more recently doing next generation sequencing and genomic surveillance, identifying SARS-CoV-2 variants. And here I really have to thank and point out the huge role that the PCR diagnostic team and sequencing teams have played in allowing us to support the Kenyan government in this fashion. And I think Sam Oyola and Edward O'Coth also deserve a special mention because they've been facilitating not just the interaction with the Kenyan government but also leading some of the lab work that's being undertaken here. And of course a lot of this work was feasible because of financial support from BMZ. And the CRP livestock.


Our land, our ocean, our culture are the most precious assets of our people and to keep them safe from harm no matter what happens in the physical world will move them to the cloud. Islands like this one won't survive rapid temperature increases, rising sea levels and droughts so we'll recreate them virtually. Piece by piece we'll preserve our country, provide solace to our people and remind our children and our grandchildren what our home once was. Only concerted global effort can ensure that Tuvalu does not move permanently online and disappear forever from the physical plane. Since March of this year, World Water Day, I've been running marathons all over the world in some of the most extreme places on the planet. It's part of our campaign called Run Blue. This is a pivotal moment in time for us to drive meaningful action and meaningful commitments on water. Commitments from companies, from governments and from individuals right across the world. I've had an opportunity to meet thousands of people, farmers and business owners. I've met women and girls who have been struggling every day to go and get access to clean drinking water. They've been walking for literally hours each day to find water. I've run through the deserts of plains of Konya in Turkey where dramatic over withdrawals of groundwater have led to the entire surface of the ground falling down meters into the ground and these huge sinkholes are opening up. Water is the place we're going to feel the climate crisis first, whether it's through droughts, through floods, through more hot water or through more dirty water coming into our systems. All of these things contribute to a massive impact on our lives, our communities, our economies, our societies and our supply chains. We have a huge opportunity for all of us to innovate, to innovate to find new solutions, whether it's solutions in behaviour change, thinking about things differently, doing things differently, saying I'm not going to water at midday in the midday sun. I'm going to water first thing in the morning or last thing at night to reduce my evaporation loss, whether it's saying I'm going to invest in new technology and robots and technology and sensors and data management. All of these things are ways that we can find solutions to this problem. But the reality is, in order to find solutions, first we need to recognise that we have a problem. They went out on day number 63 and they ran a marathon. On day number 64, they were joined by people from across Cape Town. On day number 65 and 66 and every day up until day 100. I run because I want to go to the front lines of the water crisis. I run because I want to go with my feet to the places where people are suffering from the problem and tell their story. I want to go to the places where people are working on the solutions and tell their story too. I want to show that there is not only hope for the future, but that we should be confident in our ability to create a different future.


Okay. Yeah. Yeah. Okay. Yeah. Oh, hey, are you one of Kenzie's friends? Me is Casey and this black sweater Hey guys, welcome to another vlog. This is gonna be my Halloween and look at BFS podcast in the background This is gonna be a weekend on my life vlog. Um, we're starting off going to a concert tonight and then it's Halloween this weekend We're about to head off to dinner giving it off to the day This sweater revolve the skirt princess Polly these boots vintage Harley this jumpsuit Oh, yeah This jumpsuit is the sandy sandy liang But it's cute the target one and then these boots are Sam Edelman And i'm wearing a white little crop krippity crop top from arizia And something that that's one over there isn't wearing we have very exciting partnership today guys It's so exciting as you guys know, I love liquid IV This is a mess up here. See how many I have like a lazy susan and it's full of liquid IV Okay, I was drinking liquid IV all day today If you guys didn't know liquid IV is a healthy electrolyte drink mix perfect for staying hydrated I drink it at all times of the day like I am really just obsessed with it I love liquid IV it makes me drink so much more water because it tastes so good They have so many flavors today. We're actually talking about the liquid IV hydration multiplier immune booster Hi guys, it's me from the future and I'm realizing I didn't even tell you like my favorite flavors You can also like build your own brand multiplier So I'll just give you like my four because you can pick four flavors The first one I love the energy one if you were trying to drink less coffee I would really recommend this I go through periods of time where I drink no coffee because I just drink that Really great energy wise and it does and it doesn't make me feel any like weird side effects like coffee does So I would recommend that the second one the sleep one that one actually really helps me like go to bed So I'll drink that like if I'm like winding down in bed reading my kindle like out for the day I know this might sound odd, but the apple pie flavor is So good. It's also like fitting for this time of year I might sound weird with it being like water, but it's literally the best flavor It tastes so good and then my last one we passion fruit So just wanted to give you guys some of my faves if you ever wake up and you need a little extra hydration This is what will save you. I promise kenzie last weekend After skellig maybe she needed a little extra hydration you too But also I showed dawg liquid IV and then all of a sudden all of my liquid IV was gone It's gone. Yeah, that was like a year ago though. So that cup over there Look what I mean. I'm telling you guys, okay So this has vitamin C zinc and well-mune designed to maintain and strengthen the immune system These are things that we need to die. These are things that we need to stay fit happy and healthy That was so good Hey, it's very efficient drinking one thing of liquid IV. Um, it drinks you faster If you want to be a part of the hydration nation station You need liquid IV, you know I may have seen a liquid IV before but the immune booster is new. Vitamin C is known to help protect the body It's essential for good health zinc is the second most abundant trace mineral in your body And it's known for the healthy support and function of immune cells They also have a nice little tangerine flavor, which we love. Okay life hack I've shared this on tiktok before my weekend routine I leave my pajamas out and then I get a really big jug of water I put liquid IV in it and I wake up feeling perfect. It's really seriously a game changer So if you guys want you can use code kinsy 25 for 25% off for new customers If you're not a new customer, you can also get a free three pack sample Anyways, um liquid IV is one of my favorite things in the entire world. I get all my friends on it Anytime people come over I get them to drink liquid IV. I've converted many many people if you will We are about to head to dinner. I look like I'm going to ride a horse I wish I was especially with fendi something about fendi is still a good question, you know Here we are Um, we're going to dinner and then we're going to lany tonight. Oh, yeah Guys, one of our really good friends from college is on tour right now. So if you guys go to a lany show Um bring signs that say kinsy and dom say hi Yes, can you imagine?  Yes Oh, you just got a dom and kensy follow. Yeah There you go. There you go. I'll see it when I believe it No, I believe it when I see it Follow follow like for like Yeah, we're waiting for kate and priscilla to get here because we have to be seated with our entire party And it's honestly been the best time ever. We've just been making tiktoks. Do you want me to hold your phone? Oh, no, look how nice i am to dom. Did you guys see that? But check her tiktoks. She made one about her being better than me. No, it was a trend Dom and I have lost our minds It's actually not okay It's dom's dream to go to medieval times guys. It's like a castle and you want to familiar I want to go so bad. We'll go and they're calling the boys and they're hiring Oh Landon Steinberger Ryan Rootuna And ben glizzy to come with me on a magical trip to medieval times. We're all you have 48 hours to respond We have our drinks. We're here. We just saw puff Guys happy friday. I'm wearing my skims with drama set. Last night was great Puffed it's so good. Oh my gosh. Okay, so we are filming today.  It's on I haven't had my coffee or food. I'm so tired this entire week I've not been able to wake up before like 7 30 and I'm normally a morning person It's just been a rough week I was doing laundry in my garage, which is where my laundry room is And I forgot I had a lot of extra coats down there and I forgot about this puffer guys like It's probably because I accidentally bought one from h&m That looks identical to it because I forgot I had it because it was there But I might wear it tonight I took the dog on a little walk and it was so cold like it feels like fall I have to make sure dom is going to give me the energy she needs or I need for this video Uh-huh Enough it's like 9 30. What happened to you by the way, I am like burnt out from my like kinsy Just you know On the town and dom like wants to be the bars right now and that never happens. It's normally me begging her I just think it'd be really good for us. There's first of shots You want to take a tequila shot? Yeah, just wanted to say hello in here. Okay ready dom. Let's do our morning affirmation I don't chase I attract What it's meant for me will find me no matter where I am no matter who he is with This is gonna be the funniest video. We've ever filmed so I need your AG This is gonna be the funniest video. We've ever filmed so I'm gonna need your aga That's not how affirmations work.  You need to visualize it when you say it because you don't visualize it. Okay, I only work on it. It's nothing about visualization. I don't think you guys have ever seen this before. This might be chaotic. Like, what if we run into one of your exes while we film? I swear to God. That would make this the funniest video we've ever filmed. I'm like... There's only one... There's not many in Texas. They'd be fine. I'd be fine with those. We're going to run into one of Kenzie's exes. Enough! I'm getting scared. We're going to run into one of the funniest videos we've ever filmed. Ready? This is going to be the funniest video we've ever filmed. This is going to be the funniest video we've ever filmed. This is going to be the funniest video we've ever filmed. And this is going to be the funniest video we've ever filmed. We're also going to have a really good time at Skeletonite. And this is going to be the funniest video we've ever filmed. And we're going to have a really good time at the bar tonight. tonight this is going to be what has happened to you Dom is not that at all like I am the wild one I think that probably comes a shock to most people no but I'm the wild one and now all of a sudden you like it's cuz I'm on the Kindle I'll buy you one love fix my problems yeah don't it it's just so offensive that you don't like you didn't want to go out last night you I would have gone out if we had plans it's kidding I wouldn't have gone out last night we're in the Uber and I was like afraid someone's gonna send us an address and I'm like we're five minutes away I'm ahead I'm like we're so close let's take it home there's no way we're going back out like please please no one text us no one text us no one text us address no no no once the makeup comes off yeah like once I got home yeah it's all downhill from there do you guys remember these the Anastasia brow pencil oh gee but let's talk about the pomade yeah it's my social circle we don't it's just well we've already extended her trip like another week basically so she's basically here for a month but we all knew it was gonna happen yeah I'm just like having doesn't want to leave in just want to go out 24 seven so oh and that's a bad thing I'm sorry didn't get the memo I'm just trying to reel it in but next week we turn into health queens so wait for that blog I'm not even kidding next week like actual health queens like it's for real here is my outfit of the day everyone I'm gonna wear the puffer but we have an issue I've gone through my closet and got rid of so much stuff I still have these to hang up well actually these are all hung so that's fine but I have no room for the rest of my clothes and then I also feel like I don't have anything to wear and again I go through my like even yesterday I went through clothes to get rid of stuff like I don't know where the clothes are coming from look who it is wow look who it is behind you it's you wow that was so funny Dana has arrived with Starbucks this is like the last week I'm drinking like sugary girl's drinks should do the BB alifax with like the iced coffee thing you know when you're like I am guys I mean some really good take talks last night and dog just like once I can not be happy I'm sorry I can't hear it here we are data's arrived we're gonna go start filming yay we're going to boot bar texas treasures wait actually I'm back vlogging this is the most exciting package I pre-ordered these I got so many dance from you guys saying I need these which I agreed but I wanted to get the brown so I had to pre-order they're just not coming in okay look at them look at them you already got yours yeah I pre-ordered them like weeks ago I'm still waiting for mine you don't know that you haven't been at your house and I'm a week don't you don't know me on every day I like she's everything's being shipped to her house in LA and she like is getting mad that she doesn't have it yet as if they're beautiful I will link them below I'll be wearing them 24-7 obsessed guys we just filmed all day we actually by the way saw real-life horses Bruno Bambi and Tucker yes you name them all we got water burger you guys just in the video it's gonna be my best one yet it's good it's honestly so good we're pretty much done filming it but Dom wanted to do a little unboxing for you guys and then I have a very very very exciting sneak peek for you are you guys ready bam bam do you guys think I'm Kenzie Elizabeth yeah I'm not her very first pair of cowboy boots today you guys they're literally so slayed they're Dan post and like the whole time I was asking Kenzie I was like are these cool are these cool you guys know that I like only wear sneakers and these are the coolest things that I own they're literally so slayed slay the house down boots Houston I'm deceased and I wore them today and also how can I forget I went to burpees burpees you we have a surprise for you ready three two one look at these are gonna be available along with a few other things very very very soon okay yeah yeah okay yeah honestly this outfit is very like she's country we got to get serious and that's it that's all the sneak peek okay like hey guys just got to the ramp oh wow these are comfortable who are you guys you guys yeah back to you this outfit you actually got to be kidding me Dom put this on herself by the way and this is for real like this ain't a drill yeah it looks really good no look I literally look like I'm waiting for my husband to get back and bring back the truck yeah so we could go get some hay some hay I'm so happy Capari just sent me a bunch of their body products which I love their lip products but I love this body wash it's so good Dom did you want to do a little haul for our daily drills girls I bought this sweater and from daily drill really their stuff is fits so good yeah I like I'm gonna honestly probably put this on today and wear wear around you never want you running empty so sweet party me not sister yes you ever put your user stuff it's so good dude I was still yours yeah well and this black sweater no this outfit was the kind of good we're getting ready right now and I need to let my sweater haven't gotten there yet I'm a little bit roller so that's like that everybody show here's my outfit for tonight this skirt is Princess Polly these boots are then this sweater isn't for people sweater job and I have multiple colors but I caught your hair like years ago and it is like the best sweater ever I wear it all the time it's actually chilly out and then I'm wearing this Fendi bag super cute tonight is a more chill night we're gonna go to dinner and then I think we're running program the road is gallery but I'm keeping it to you three drinks tonight so don't be oh okay this is from Strathbury this bag this is from ASOS and I'm just wearing these cowboy boots oh my god you look so cute hi guys we are off for the night we're going to Highland Park Village we have a dinner they we have a girl a group of like eight girls which is we don't have like six but hard to get a table so we're gonna put our name in at me casino I think and then get drinks at monkey bar which I love monkey bar John was a bitch he's actually literally left me outside here I am cleaning up after the angel here Dominique wait on we made it to Highland Park Village we're going up to monkey bar I don't know what's with me in vlog no weekends use this hey she's also never been a monkey bar just crazy you don't know it's a bar up there it's a really good to see you don't what happened to you phobia like I don't like everyone just thinks I get freaked out like I really do have a phobia guys good morning by the way we are on our way to Starbucks but sorry I'm sorry I saw it quite literally the smallest spider ever is Starbucks closed again dude all literally I'm gonna actually like someone needs to like write a letter to the mayor you mean write a letter to me okay really cut that out because I was the most foul good morning there was a bug oh my god dude my outfits to you he really is he's wearing a set of mice brown sweater and eggs we're getting donuts guys actually we're getting collages but this is the last weekend before we go on our health kit guys they have their Christmas decor like ready to go got a dozen collages for two people so I see somehow ended up at North Park we're in pajamas yeah this is also like this is Kenzie's cardigan Tom's trust is me today needed purple socks for Dom's costume I mean perfect well there's also these ones they might be a little higher to show you something that you need to have two things everyone needs to have in their closet this skim stress it is the most flattering thing you'll ever put on your body and I normally don't wear like body con form fitting do you really say so yes because I don't ever wear stuff like that and I'm like oh but it's just I have the black one too so maybe that's why um yeah well they have the shorter version of my favorite dress too and it's the biggest closet staple ever it's so great and then oh look at this these pajamas I have two different colors Marissa and I came here and got matching ones actually too um they're just so good Dom is back to being a free people girl like don't make good stuff you don't want me to buy exactly I got some stuff gifts for people actually but oh they are really cute on yeah I know I feel that like in my mind like I'm with it if you're suffering your high school Dom doesn't even know what our costumes are from so I have to educate her hours before we dress up that's me by the way that's you hey guys I oh it's the day of Halloween and I'm finally trying on my costume so if you're probably thinking oh from the front like you but from the back it's like oh wait look at my bro costume I've been so excited for her for weeks no I'll wear this if you guys don't know who that is shame cuz even I know that is look at my time go out man you can't get in so you can't see my face but I was telling Kenzie like I'm just like oh hey are you one of Kenzie's friends why is my brother being like actually like it actually moves and right now it's like I still need to I still need to gorilla glue everything this is the other part of my costume what does that mean what is the inspiration I do saw me sir oh we didn't do the recap of last night so we went to dinner with a monkey bar into dinner and then we went to deep Ella and piano art so fine I met some of my friends and then we just got like and we got home and we ordered food and we got home at 1.30 yeah we were honestly that's really good for us like 1.30 Dom is just not like putting her outfit together she's shaking like a hula shaking shaking like a hula girl you guys I still I still need to go really blue stuff hey Kenzie who's that girl with her ass hanging out it's just dumb okay Kenzie well you I say of law alright guys so I've been cleaning and then I just hot rolled my hair I'm using the hair clips that pull your hair back as you do your makeup like the Kylie Jenner ones and I'm feeling really good about it I'm gonna start doing my makeup Dom and I'm getting ready really early because we want to like take much of photos take talks you know I don't think I've said in the vlog yet but clearly on the thumbnail you guys will have seen we are dressing up as I'm Casey and then we're doing with the girls from we'll just mean Dom from the simple times we did video so yes I'm finally dressing up as Casey must range and honestly it would have made a lot more sense if I did that when I had brunette hair or dark hair but I didn't so here we are getting ready now the handle is going to incredible I have my outfit laid out here I got everything on Amazon like two weeks ago maybe three weeks gone is like I go go but it's great I mean I didn't even I even got a body chain which I don't know where that went it's right here like I'm going all out I'm really dressing the part you got the shoes tongue has her purple socks the tatties on it's great feeling really good about this costume I got literally everything on Amazon the shoes are actually Steve Madden but I got everything on Amazon because we're mid photo shoot and we have this like light thing take my infrared if you all like a selfie stick no dumb it's for the best but I'm feeling good about it like look look at the detail like head to toe this entire jug with liquid IV water liquid IV every night I did last night too but anyways we are about Halloween obviously I'm not gonna be vlogging but we have quite the night ahead of us let me tell you could not be more excited feeling dumb I'm feeling really good I'm just like one of you right now I think oh my gosh what are you talking about anyways I hope you guys enjoyed it this weekend and my life vlog if you guys haven't already be sure to subscribe comments down many if you made it this far but I hope you guys enjoyed this vlog and I will see you guys soon this upcoming week we're gonna be getting into a healthy routine at dawn we'll still be here so get excited I think it's what I think it's what we all probably need you know the jams pump it up all this be is pumping me is Kasey what's funny about the guy with navy sheets is that you know that the guy with navy sheets only has them because his mom bought them for him because they know as a mother that their son is not gonna wash their sheets that often and you can't see dirt on navy sheets


Who's ready for more love?  It's I'm Corbin And Hope you liked our show that we are on to episode We are on to episode two of made in heaven I didn't I didn't explain this in the first one and I do apologize If you've watched any of our series and this is on YouTube I can only use five minutes of each episode Cut up heavily.  I'm sorry. I missed I didn't put that in the first one We're in a new setting I just forgot my whole spiel But if you'd like to watch the full episode uncut head over to patreon Every episode is there along with and an end Mesa per sacra gams But yes, I can only use five minutes on YouTube of cut up footage of each episode. So you ford your cookie rick there Yeah, it says. Oh Something just ignored It says your next triumph will be won through kindness in my pants In bed and beds better and beds better You're just saying that because it's your wife saying it My like my wife in bed. Yeah, you're right Well, you like my mom in bed. Well, she's sprinkly Anyways, we are on to episode two this is card this is called starstruck lovers Gotta say I'm really confused about this show because from the title I thought it was about a house cleaning person who was actually passed away The maid in heaven. Yes. Hilarious. Here we go. You're in trouble Husband did this for the wife and then the wife slept with him the husband got The star for her and then she slept with the star The cookies factory His timings are all off. What are you saying? You think he's having enough? I'm just being paranoid. I thought I was. Leadly into you. Everyone can see that. So Koki's lying right now. I really love it. Of course you do. That's a good thing, no? No. Okay, listen, that depends on what you want. No, I'm not. No, no, no, stop crying. What do you really want?  No, little secret. Take it with you. Very good. Baby, that board has saved. Okay. I'll just be wise. Be fine. They told us deli crime was going to be hard to sit through and it was. This is not fun. It's super interesting that Zoya decided to go with a series and make everyone terrible. Just like the fact that obviously the guy gave her the bride advice. Who's like, do you want to be married? Right. Well, you're going to have to lie to him. You're going to have to bury that thing. Just be truthful from now on. Oh, man. It's super interesting that she went with this style of series. Because this is not everyone's cup of tea in terms of like stuff. People likes to sit through in terms of like just watching people be.  Not all people. Not all. As you know, not all people are like these people.  Yeah. I decided to tell and I just find that interesting. Yes. And I don't like spending time with those people, which is making this hard to be spending time with. It's true. It's like, but that being said, it's it's a very well done. Like in terms of very well done, very well made, very well acted, very well like the stories. They're all well done. It's just, man, it's hard to like, like you think you're like, okay, we're rooting for this person. And then they're like, oh, oh, that that wasn't that wasn't great. And it's like everyone, every single character. What do you think? But to be betrayed on every side. Like, I mean, that's your best friend and your husband. You're talking about the main girl. Yes. And her husband sleeping with Koki. Yeah. But yeah, it's a whole lot of bad. A whole lot of bad. Yeah. Well, a whole lot of lying and betrayal. And yeah, it's just it's gross because this kind of thing happens. And it's it's it's just I find it unconscionable that human beings can betray other human beings this way without any qualms. Yeah. Yeah. That's what I find super interesting, though, that Zoya would decide to make an entire series based on that. Yeah. It's super interesting. I still have hope for jazz, though. I feel like they're going to do jazz wrong. Yeah.  We think. We think. Yeah, so far I'm with you. But her her brother is an an addict of some sort. So there's going to something with jazz is going to come into play because I feel Zoya is just kind of tempting like there's one good one. You like this one? Yeah. Even though you still you still kind of root for like the the main two because obviously they you don't want obviously her to get cheated on. But obviously is there is there more going on with her that we're going to find out and then obviously the gay guy her partner is he's got a lot going on. Yeah. In terms of carrying this other guy around for two years leading them on thinking there's going to be a relationship and going off and I don't think they're in a full on. It didn't strike you right as they're not like a full on relationship. Just whenever they're in town they kind of see each other and the other guy clearly wants to be in a more relationship than that though. Yeah. But obviously are I forget his name. What is it? As of right now we know the most about him because we're getting flashbacks with him. We've seen him right with the money and everything we've seen him and you know, like just live his life more than anybody else. I feel like. Right. Yeah. So. Yeah, it's rough. It's rough. Interesting. Not what I thought we were getting into. Nope. Nope. Yeah. Yeah. If I would have known that I might not have brought Stephanie on but now she's on board because that's it's a common thing. I mean nobody likes watching stuff where people get cheated on but certain people it bothers them to their core to watch something. Hi. Yeah, I know. I know I'm with two of you right now in terms of like because I can watch it and be bothered by it but it like it doesn't ruin my entire day. I don't sit up thinking about oh why were they so terrible to each other. But yeah, I'm sitting with two people that are those exact people. We'll see how this goes. But but once again, we're not saying it's bad. It's just. No, it's actually very it's very good. And that's I think and I actually think that's the point of this show. I don't think you're supposed to be all feeling feeling like amazing after each episode you're supposed to kind of feel almost dirty. Yeah, I mean it's very clear that there's there are points being made about flaws in relationships and marriages and it's across the board.  Well. On to the next episode.