Ladies and gentlemen, it's my pleasure to launch National Safe Work Month for 2018. Every year in October, employers and workers participate in National Safe Work Month. It's a time to commit to building safer workplaces for all Australians. A time to ensure your workplace is free from physical and psychological harm and that every Australian has a right to do their job safely and free from harm. We're lucky that Australia is one of the safest places in the world to work. But even though we're doing well, no industry should be unsafe to work in and no death or injury is acceptable. The costs of poor work health and safety are significant and the financial cost is borne by the entire community. Injury or death in the workplace changes individuals and families' lives forever. This October, I ask that you take a moment to consider what workplace safety means to you. This can be as simple as spending some time with your workmates talking about your workplace. The National Safe Work Month website has posters, data, videos and ideas to help you take a safety moment and raise awareness of safety in your workplace. And please share your ideas and thoughts online using mySafetyMoment hashtag. While an incident can happen in a moment, a moment's forethought can prevent harm. So this October take a moment for workplace safety.


I'm Zeke and welcome to the Dream Green show. As we're entering inside a recession, you are going to start to find stocks that has a 40% swing from that all-time highs to that all-time lows. You are going to start to find stocks that you are comfortable investing to inside your own price range. Now if we take a look at the S&P 500, took us some of SPY over the last year that down 16, almost 17%, but they still have a little ways to go to pull all the way back down to the pre-COVID era. So hopefully by the time this video comes out, the S&P 500 could pull back even more because as investors, we do not want to invest into good quality companies at their all-time highs. We want to invest into good quality companies at a fair value or near to a fair value. And that's what we're going to be doing today, guys. In this video, I'm going to show you guys seven different companies that either had a significant pullback or near their 52-week lows. We're going to take a look at those companies. I'm going to be dollar costing averaging in on those companies. Dollar cost averaging is when I buy a certain stock, no matter what the price point is, I could be buying one share a week. No matter what the price point is, that is called dollar cost averaging. So when the price is up, I buy one share and then when the price pullback, I buy one share and then that kind of averages out my price. But when companies do pull back inside a certain price range that I am very comfortable with throwing in a large lump sum of money, that's when I go in and buy maybe 10, 20, 100 shares worth of a certain company when they reach a certain price point that I'm comfortable buying these stocks in. So I'm going to show you guys what seven companies that had a significant pullback in this video. So put out your pens and papers. Subscribe to this channel so you don't miss out on any crucial information and stay to the end of this video because I'm going to show you guys seven good quality stocks. These are not penny stocks. These are not meme stocks. These are good quality stocks that many investors already have inside their portfolio. So hopefully we could get them at a good price at a fair value so we can maximize our return on our investments. But before we dive into this video, this video is about to be by Weeble. Sign up now. Click the link down in the description to deposit any amount of money you receive up to 12 free stocks. Those free stocks, you can keep them inside the platform and decide to use it or you can sell those free stocks with all of your money. Guys, it's literally free money. Also, I'm going to leave a link in the description to Moomoo. Sign up to deposit $100. You get 15 free stocks. Once again, you can keep them inside the platform and use it or you can sell it. It's free money, guys. Do not miss out on that amazing opportunity. But enough talking, let's go ahead and dive straight into this video. Welcome back dreamers. Here we are. The first one is Disney Tickle Sum with D.I.S. Now, Disney is probably now their largest streaming platform that is out there. They have Hulu. They have Disney Plus and they also have ESPN Live. Now that means they're going to end up making a lot of money in the future. Now, if we take a look at them over the last year, they are down 45%. Now, I know a lot of you are saying, hey, this is a good quality company that is down 45%. But we take a look at the five year. They still could pull back just a little bit more. So even though Disney is a steal for me under $94, I'm not going to throw in the large slum sum until it's under around $80, $79, $78. That's when I really see Disney at amazing value. For me personally, that's why I see Disney at amazing value.  Now, Disney, if you take a look at the PE ratio, this is another way that you can find out if a company is over or under value, depending on the sector. I did a PE video not too long ago. That will make this video too long. But the PE ratio right here is 54.82% for Disney. So right now, it's still a little bit over value. If we take a look at the Disney 52 week high, that was up to $179. And the 52 week low is $90. So they're near that 52 week low. It could pull back a little bit underneath that. That's what we're hoping for. So we could get a good quality company at a fair value. So let's move on to stock number two. Okay, stock number two is Apple over the last year. They are down 3%. Over the last five years, they are up 256%. I do see Apple as under value. But if Apple do pulls under $100, let's say around the $99 price point over the next couple of months, Apple is going to be a steal for me at $99 right now is at $137. I'm going to continue to dollar cost average in on Apple. I'm going to buy a share here there every single week until I'm comfortable enough throwing in a large lump sum. But Apple is another company that I have on my radar that over the last month, they have pulled back 12%. A lot of new investors going to say, Hey, it's down to a percent. I need to buy up true. You could dollar cost average in, but I do think that it has a long way to pull back so that Apple could have a fair value. You will probably never buy Apple at the true fair value because they are monopoly. But 137 for me is still overpriced. I'm still going to just buy one or two shares here and there until it pulls back to a certain price point to where I'm going to throw in a large lump sum of money and buy up Apple. So let's move on to stock number three stock. Number three is Nike over the last year. They're down 42% as well. If we take a look at their 52 week high, it was up to $179 and 10 cents. 52 week low is $82 and 33 cents. And right now Apple at the recording of this video is at $82 and 87 cents. Once again, once this video come out, I hope that is at a lower price than $82 and 87 cents. Could it go up? Yes. Could pull back. Hopefully that's what we're hoping for. But I am a consumer of Nike. I do buy their shoes. I do buy their clothing line. So it's another one that I need to have inside of my portfolio. So for me, if Nike does pull back to around the 67, 68 underneath $70, I will buy up Nike in a large lump sum at that price point. But right now at $82, I think it does have a little more to pull back on to give us a better value on Nike. All right, the next company is Visa via SA. There it goes. Now on Visa, over the last year, they are down 20%. Over the last month, they're down 10%. They had an all time high over the last 52 weeks of $236 and 96 cents and the 52 week low of around $174 and 83 cents. I want to have more of Visa inside of my portfolio. I don't own much of any right now, but Visa, everyone have them inside of their wallet. Everyone have them inside of that purse. This is a company that's going to be around forever. This is a real known high value good quality company. So Visa does continue to pull back, let's say to around $150. That's why I'm going to go in and start building my position on Visa. Now I know a lot of you guys are saying, Hey, what if these companies don't pull back? What if they don't pull back to the price point? You're not comfortable buying that. So that basically saying that yes, I am going to miss out on some good quality companies because I was afraid to buy them at a certain price point. Yes, I am going to miss out on some good quality companies. So Visa never pulls back underneath 150. This is probably be a company I would never have inside my portfolio. But I love investing and having good valued companies inside of my portfolio at a good price to maximize my return on my investments to make it less risky inside of my portfolio. I learned my lesson over the years, other just throwing in large sums just because it's a hype stock and I want to get it no matter what the price was. I learned my lessons. So if these price points don't pull back, then I might not own a couple of these inside of my portfolio. Now a lot of other YouTubers won't say that inside of their videos, but I'm here to help you guys out to learn from my mistakes. I'm not a financial advisor, but I'm telling you guys how I've been successful inside the stock market over the last couple of years. The next one is Google tickle symbol GOOGL. Now Google underneath $100 is a really good deal for me right now. Google is right now Google is at $95.82. And over the last year, they pulled back 28%. Now right now, this is a pretty good time for me to invest into Google. It's a good quality company. It's underneath $100. So I might actually buy up a couple of shares over the next couple of weeks. As long as the price point stays under $100, I'm going to continue to buy up Google. So this is one that you could add to your list and do your own research on. The next one is one very similar to Google. That's Microsoft MSFT. Here we are on Microsoft. Microsoft over the last year is down 17%. 52-week high was $349.67. 52-week low is $232.73. So we're very near the 52-week low. This is another great quality company that we want to take a look at and add to our watch list. Because if Google pulls back under $220, $210, $215, if it pulls back underneath that price point, $215, $220, then that's going to be a good time for us to go in and dollar cause average. The reason I like Microsoft is because they're a great company and they have stock buybacks every year. So the less stocks that's out there, the more value they add to the stocks that you do have inside of your portfolio. Well, the shares, shares not stock shares. The less shares that's out there, the more value it adds to the shares that's inside of your portfolio. In the last month guys, Costco over the last month, they're down 9.65%. They're still not in my buy range. So if Costco pulls back a significant amount, let's say around the $300 ish price range around $310. That's still be a little bit overvalued for me. But if Costco does pull back all the way to around the $300 price range, that's why I'm going to go in and probably scoop up a couple of their shares. They had a 52 week high of $612 and a 52 week low of $406. So they still have a little ways to go from the 472 all the way down to the 52 week low of 406. So remember guys, during recession, when these stocks are pulling back, we want to find good quality companies at a fair to undervalued price. If you guys want to find some good quality companies at a fair value, you could use Weeble with the link down in the description. You can hit search. You can hit screener right there. And then you could create a new screener. You could set it by market cap anything over a billion dollars. You could search it by the PE ratio. Or you could look under the technical indicator under the RSI, the relative strength indicator. And you can look for anything that's oversold. I mean, it's undervalued and you can live for good quality companies. That way you can hit done and start your screener. And the list of companies to come up that way. You can find good quality companies at a fair value. And Weeble will give you everything in that list as well as Moomoo. Both of those links are down in the description. So yeah guys, that's how I find good quality companies at a fair price by using those screeners. And though in the seven that I brought you today with some of the ones that popped out.  If you feel that it's overvalued, just wait. I promise you the price will pull back to a price point that you're very comfortable investing to that same exact stock, that same exact company at a cheaper price. So when you miss out on a couple of stocks inside of your portfolio, yes you will. But when you get some good quality companies at an amazing value, that is the game that we call investing. And that is how we win the game is investing to good quality stocks at a fair value. If I miss any stocks on this list, let me know down in the comment section. I'd love to check out what stocks I miss and what companies you guys are investing into over the next couple of weeks while the stock market has been pulling back. Don't have to hit that thumbs up button and subscribe to this channel so you don't miss out on any crucial information. Also, if you guys do want to know any time I buy and sell a stock, I'm going to leave a link in the comment section to my Patreon, my Patreon to take you to my Discord. Over there, I post every single time I buy and sell a stock, I post my option trades, my day trades, my technical analysis, my swing trades, and I also have pro day traders in there that post their option trades every single day. So if you want to be a part of a great community of investors that want to be financially free, just like you, go ahead and check out that link down in the pinned comment section. But other than that, guys, I'm Zeke, bring you to Dream Green Show and I'm out, peace.


Everybody force and Jake here. We've ripped in 22 23 one-on-one basketball hobby ten box full case number 19 tiered The results on your screen can be found anytime at late sports cards dot-con results quick link bottom of the website Lincoln chat right now to if you're watching live. Good luck. Let's pull something huge monster Pull something huge here. We get one basketball release every month and a half. So Glad we're enjoying this one. Oh flop two got on my face That penalty called Ingram out of 40 for the pelicans here Brandon Ingram Nice them Veseltzer is the autosperse at a 49-19 a 49 Game worn the spurs vet there feels really calling the vet Likely Guess the penalty didn't matter But I'm sure warrants on defense for a second There he is Malakai Nelson entering the area the transfer for Sam sends you his best wishes Spencer from his fight You see Malakai Nelson entering the transfer portal get on the floor to stay get in the UCF Five-star QB recoup got Franz Wagner to 40 for the magic Runs 3440 green so Celtics are bucks Jersey auto the truth 70 of 75 Paul Pierce gross game or Jersey auto heck yeah sees that's going to Anthony s The truth give us a big timeless or an awesome downtown.  That's another thing. It's like why he probably could have gone to my I would love to know we'll find out, but I'd love to know it's a head scratcher looking from the outside in 35 Here's the auto is will be topping as a nick nicks will be topping game-warrant Jersey auto Jeffrey Hazer's legends Sonics with a Sean Kemp here out of 99 go into the Thunder Sonics go Thunder give us a monster. That is Spurs Jeremy so on rookie Jersey auto 7 of 99 Nice hit spurs don't mess with the so on Another spurs hit for Tom C. Oh, it's probably a good guy to ask right Yeah, that's a good idea You know something Get him to spill the beans Greg, and then you come here and tell us yeah, dude Early access me and the guys from late sports cards are wondering What's up, McCord out of 99 is Ingram for the pelicans 15 of 99 another Ingram Is jazz oh check bodge you to 49 on the team Titan signatures I Like how they use the throwback But like it looks more like the the jerseys wearing them did the current logo what I mean come on get that logo out of here The logo stinks go to the old one You don't like that logo that stinks. Oh, oh, I'll say go back to that. Yeah. Yeah, I Thought you're saying the other way they're like the only team that has a really good I'm sitting at it. That's what I mean. Yeah, their new one is so like minimalist and boring We need like 1990s Pistons logos all over the place are Grizzlies logos everywhere New stuff looks all corporate and lame to 40 is Kelden Johnson spurs Kelden Johnson spurs again redemption Pardon my take Yeah, it's a good idea Greg appreciate that. He'll get it. He'll get it timeless moments vertical blue autograph of Nicola Yolkage Nugs as Peter M Nugs have been hot all night both basketball breaks tonight. The nugs are on fire big-time choker Blue version of blue is to 35 I think 35 or less or no, is it 40? I think it's 49 or less It's gross. That'll be fire. That'd be so sick that Monday edition of PMTO We got Chuck for the Sun's to 40 Charles Barclay to 40 for the Sun's Next is a rookie Patch auto of Nicola Yolkage for the heat number to 35 nice card heat Back to back boxes Joker and Jover It's Jo Nice pass nice pass. They are at a timeouts better hurry up Yeah, yeah, there was something wrong there for sure Spencer Scary terry out of 25 for the Hornets The tata done the that's nasty to 49 a rookie patch auto Jdub 2449 for Thomas ch with okc That's a sweet one blue foil color match. All right, come on downtown or one more timeless. Let's see it Are we doing quack Quack, what up? Whoo, that's sweet blazers. You've got a gold rookie a shade on sharp 4 of 10 I'd be I'd be pulling some gold shade on that's sick congrats to Michael Z literally is sharp Big big card there is this now Grizzly is on the board here with a rookie Jersey auto Kenneth Kennedy Chandler number to 99 Let's go home from work. Nice happy holidays to you, too Happy holidays to you. Happy holidays, buddy Thank you Got a wolves rookie to 99 Josh Minot Josh Minot wolves and a timeless timeless Houston that's got to be the beard right the beard That's one of the cooler ones right there the game winner against the Warriors. That's gross That's so sick congrats to the Rock. It's 11 of 49 This goes to Dave s Houston that's fire. You do not have a problem It's like so much better in person by the way the glare on the mag is hard with the with the with the You guys can see it pretty well, but See the person up the glare and your reflection. That's so sick. Congrats Houston. I was a pretty good case Pretty good case. Thanks again, everybody. We're moving on now to football for the rest of the evening


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I don't collaborate… Doctor Farsh collaboration platform not for me. आदा थी तूँड कई मुद्या कर्जा उवःय याचकिप close । क efficacy । । । ब्या भा़ कर्चा अनूझा इवेन नाभनENA याचकिप उवःयृस की । इनसकता कर्जा इक। नकता सद्ु�EST । पाह्ती उश्ताऊís as you can see, i am a good software person, because that is HLD software does not collaborate there is HLD, there is this module, that module how they will talk to each other is known, that is not collaboration i cannot change one, i am changing, you change that but it seems, white-haired, old-fashioned it seems there is current, some new fangal thing called agile technology which i do not understand when my son told me about it, how old are son of this, all of them that he is doing agile technology, i say great, i say great every week there is a war room and people doing all kinds of funny things i told him it probably does not work atleast i do not know how to work with that i said something similar, i had known which was called evolutionary prototype but it was not called software development method okay, but anyway fortunately i am not an IIT professor so i do not need to adopt all new technologies every now and then so i believe in old waterfall model, very nice okay, that is i have three sites but i will not go into that okay, this thing has to come between spatial and assessment so i assume that there is this cover over here okay, there is nothing to do with space okay, i always like good terminologies the people who join me can change the name okay, they will have a website with that name okay, and the website will have a collection of everything that has been delivered as a part of this program okay, most probably in this particular case i may agreeing to Dr. Fartag make it open source some of it okay, otherwise i am not open source i am free to use but not open source okay, i have got a site called which has about 700 animations already they are free to use done by all kinds of interns okay, but they are not open source because i am not here to give any software done by me to all the predators who are preying on learners and making a lot of money i am not going to give my score to them okay, yeah star trek, people know what is star trek no one has looked at even star trek the movie this is the enterprise okay, and their tagline is star trek okay, where no one has gone before okay, these are the voyages that is why i picked it up, where no assessments have gone before and i believe in the tagline okay, here we are going to attempt a lot of things which have not been attempted some people have frightened when i said you should not be afraid of failure okay that does not mean i am going to throw half of you out okay, everybody who fails is actually a success okay please know that okay if somebody tells me i have never failed okay, either he is a superman which is not likely to be or he has not attempted anything worthwhile if you attempt something worthwhile there is always an element of danger of failure another thing wrong with the indian people, mindset their failure is something which is bad, failure is not bad okay, we will give a small story okay, of jack welch you also not heard of jack welch correct he was the chief of general electric he was called neutron jack because in two years he threw away half his employees another two years he was back to strike okay, very ruthless fellow well known in management circles for good management one of his basic theories was okay one of his managers lost a lot of money about i think 5 million dollars bad error of judgment, lost 5 million dollars came to him, honest fellow admitted a mistake, gave him a resignation later okay, he was the chief of general electric he was the chief of general electric he was the chief of general electric he was the chief of general electric admitted a mistake, gave him a resignation later okay, that fellow asked him do you think i am an idiot he said what, you want me to throw away 5 million dollars worth of learning you have made a mistake correct, i know you, you have tried to recover from the mistake and you have failed, this learning is priceless how many people claim that i have tried to recover from 5 million dollars mistake okay, so failure is obviously okay, as long as you attempt something good okay, alright, so now let's go what i will talk about current online education scenario that i am going to talk only about moves in future of learning and our conviction where it will be i have covered a little bit but i have got more points okay our first thing is going to be e-proctor which is actually device as a proctor this is something which has not been attempted before the open edx has now got proctored exams okay, where the idiotic machine takes a snapshot of who is taking at random intervals that snapshot is uploaded and somebody is paid to look at it and say whether that is their mention of proctor okay, then the machine will take snapshots and somebody sitting there will earn a lot of money looking at it now this is some business i can get into okay, because even if i don't look at anything it is fine okay, so i look at some 10% say i have done 100% and everybody is not cheating but that is something which e-proctor has not been done we don't do it that way, of course another thing with me always build on what is done okay, so this e-proctor tool will on top of what edx is doing add something else okay, once very small thing okay, image and video tool set i have called it glance into the future okay, because this is something which we need we need software to do that already software exists we need to modify it to suit applications okay, generally i don't venture into unchartered territories like Star Trek, territory which i know but which i have not been explored, sound tool set okay, an ability to look at sound and analyze it okay now all the tool sets that some of the tool sets which i am talking about okay, image sound okay, they are not great all of them are there is a answer answer sound byte and this is student sound byte okay, i want to compare it and say it matches 50% 60% 70% that's all okay in case of sound they are sound byte given by the teacher and a student is supposed to reproduce it all my software does is 60% over 70% over the second thing it does is it also points out which particular areas is there the major difference standard in all tool sets same philosophy no difference in philosophy correct, now it is not extremely simple because when the student produces a sound okay, the mic may be near near may be off, so you may have to adjust it for matching okay, like a picture if you are matching two images you may have to adjust for some light effects which is what i call normalization before comparison okay, will be required in all tool sets but this is not something which is out of the world it is comparing two things and matching them all of them alright this is not that brain tapping thinking of the future forget the thinking of the future okay this is going to be whole set of games which allow a child generally a child okay to learn new things in a fun way then there is science discovery experiment in future this talks about all kinds of things you can do in physics chemistry and maths okay to assess a child's progress when i say maths it is not anything to do with maths after fifth okay numerous numeracy okay the art of counting art of addition art of subtraction multiplication division may be that is all we do not want to go any further than that as i said if the base is wrong everything is wrong okay the reason why people fail most in maths because maths is the only subject if you do not know how to add and multiply you do not know factorization okay, chemistry means there are very little failures because everything else is distinct if i do not know fifth standard chemistry i can still know sixth standard chemistry and somewhere in the middle okay and the problem with our education system i do not know how they are solved it i am sure nobody they cannot be 98% pass rate okay is because we have this 35% passing on my ekashiksha website i have quoted that kristen sir okay he says about the education system we pack multitude of kids of differing abilities into the same classroom okay teach them the same subject at a at the same rate we do not bother how much of what we teach it absorbs but teacher has to finish from here to here in one year he does not care how much the student has to absorb at the end of the one year we wake up and suddenly want to decide let me see how much the student has absorbed and the last one was very telling comment and we pat ourselves on the back if you have learnt 35% of what i have taught it is the problem is varied with that 35% okay if i learnt physics and the 35% which i have got to pass through is only and dynamics okay how will i go further and do 7 standard which is fully dependent on dynamics the moment the education system is built on prerequisites 35% kills and mathematics is purely prerequisite that is why mathematics kills most often physics is next failure okay the problem is 35% you need to find out make sure that every concept is learnt 80% 90% before it goes next otherwise the whole education stream is gone okay that is the problem with our system okay where you push push push and now a days they do not even want to test till 9 okay and then say 9th may there is a huge drop out rate what else do you expect earlier that fellow is screaming for one year we are waiting for 9 years to find out what is absorbed okay anyway science discovery is about that okay no i have got the open mind okay i do not mind anybody coming and saying i want to do something else as long as it is in the assessment area okay and we will go back to our beliefs okay my belief is that i need to standard assessment okay once assessment is standard okay people will contribute content there what is the big deal okay no but this is what i am saying i am saying once i have technology to assess okay i will have my mook in every subject currently it is not there because a lot of subjects require teachers one on one especially in arts like singing dancing you are drawing painting all of these are supposed to be mentored it is not necessary i think i can do a lot of work in that area and once that thing is there content will come now there is one more thing which which has happened which has not been fully leveraged okay that is skype so physical one on one interaction can also be limited okay to two minutes or three minutes i don't want to physically walk around a dance floor and tell everybody i can sit at home okay and i have two minute session with everybody and done so i have seen the videos alright so lot of things are feasible okay so i don't know i have covered here i have covered the things which i thought can be done okay there is one more thing which you have to realize you have to build for the future okay in software you have to build for the future if you start building this is the requirement now let me do it okay in six months you are done the only ability for you to survive is you can somehow and that is the gamble okay if you can somehow predict in two years what is required by software takes time to develop time to develop, time to test, time to save that is what the user wants, do i need to change so any product you develop is not for the future is not going to survive ever okay so i tried to see what can be done with current technology now my other contention is which i don't think i have covered here okay once you start stretching the envelope okay that technology will arrive faster than you think okay but if i have got a very complicated algorithm it will take five minutes, next year it will be one minute the feasibility keeps improving with hardware improves new software comes in your machine is becoming faster your memory is getting larger, your disk space is dirt cheap all those things if you don't build it right now okay or you say naib about sound code if i analyze one single sound byte will have ten times the data so what data is going to be cheap later on okay what we are building here is a is a framework for the future that's why i said even if not successful it doesn't matter i am not going to throw you out, tell you what doesn't mean that it always seems impossible till it is done okay and i am not actually dealing with impossible current okay it not done but it is not impossible everything i think is feasible okay i am a little bit worried about sound because i don't know anything about it and i have failed once okay when in tcs i had given people i think i failed twice in that period okay i had told them i will give you amitabh bachanka sound set okay you should be able to analyze it and my IVR should be in amitabh bachanka's voice okay they couldn't do it for me it was complicated at that time it was too difficult i said i cut corona okay i am giving you his sentence because they are learning software correct they say speech technique is software you speak something you learn okay if i learn i am computer software if i learn amitabh bachanka i can't speak like amitabh bachanka can't be done failure not a shame okay currently what is the problem it only adopted by advanced courses okay mooks are only advanced they are not generally there at the school level school level is purely blended okay yes this is the new concept which i thought would happen two years back okay there is a reason okay why all the u.s. people u.s. top universities are doing mooks korsera edx and udacity they have all been formed by grade A institutes okay the purpose is not u.s. there is no social purpose okay very little i wouldn't call it that but generally it is money okay it is very simple if i can give 50% of my course online i make money that is degree charged okay but what is the basic thing currently i am teaching 100 people i can teach 200 instead of teaching 100 people for two years i can teach 200 people for one year same faculty everything it is just a gods hand to make money by using the same resources same faculty taking double the people so they are going to go and steal people from everywhere has also protective mechanism okay because the other people give degree cheaper people may not come to them it is very expensive in u.s. okay this is the decision that they have made okay this is for protecting themselves schools are adopting hybrid online plus offline model okay there are ma courses in the u.s. which talk about this only you can get ma in online digital content okay it is happening there we are nowhere we do not we are considering whether it can be done or it cannot be done okay schools are adopting there is a ma in k-12 integration how online content can be integrated in my k-12 like rila jio talked about okay ma courses people are learning about it teachers are learning about it getting ma in that it is a process which is changing okay access to quality faculty to public okay access to faculty okay but it is only one way limited access I am talking about the problems and discussion forums are limited effectiveness okay as I said I do not collaborate the other thing is I do not discuss my only thing with discussion forums is when I have a question I type it on the google and generally I go to some discussion forum and I get an answer okay there is only I have never contributed anything to any discussion forum the final aim of this is reach the effectiveness of the classroom outside okay take this classroom which is 60 people make it 600, make it 6000 that is the only aim of MOOCs as I see okay it is a transitory phenomena as I told you it is hybrid model hybrid never works there is a book there is a lot of books by Larry Christensen okay we talk about this example I give you a steamship Larry Christensen hundreds of example he gives always whenever new technology disruption technology comes there is a hybrid model in the middle rest of both worlds it always dies because the new technology always overtakes the world very improving okay limited absorption of technology okay go to MOOC what is the technology absorption except discussion forum and playing videos where is the technology there like any other internet I do not have call that as technology okay this is what I think about the current MOOC okay it is not failure it is working very low the aim is very low taking an MIT professor and allowing Indian people access to his videos okay very very interesting exactly allowing Indian people access to his videos the Indian people cannot afford his tests we cannot afford I do not think any of you have taken MOOC courses I have gone for certification right anybody has gone for certification 40 dollars so all you see is get content from him and attempt his quizzes in non-practory okay you can get it for cheaper probably if you implement e-proctor okay because then the cost will come down okay this is what I believe should happen okay and especially at the school level our school level curriculum is mainly the same as that designed by the British about 100 years back have we questioned why a child needs to divide people find division extremely difficult I know US people cannot subtract sure they do not they only add you give him 1 dollar and 57 generally he will go with a machine if the machine is not there he will refuse I have been refused coffee in Mcdonald because the machine was not working okay okay okay okay but then they will do 53 okay if you have 27 rupees 28 29 30 40 50 100 they have got this calculator and do it with calculator but nobody subtracts why teach division I have actually no idea okay then machines have come in why my handwriting has to be good my handwriting was never good even without the machine so I can't read my own written notes when you now you need to type how long ago have you written abhi has still written chalue my son would take this and do something always take notes like this uska be handwriting both probably he can't read his own stuff okay but what we have to learn is outdated what we are learning is outdated really really outdated and worse still that's why I say teachers are a bad thing to happen in education when I was educated in our school there are lot of extracurricular activity okay my wife had cooking chewing all those things were there gardening was being done as a subject have you got that no seven subjects nothing else you have no time for anything else okay drawing was there I don't know how I can abhi abhi jindai okay have you bothered to think why for example my java was not introduced in engineering education 7-8 years back because there are no java teachers java certificate programs are available outside but they will not be taught in engineering colleges because there are no teachers engineering colleges will never teach any cutting edge technology in India ever because there are no teachers when it gets absorbed it will become hot topic still it will not be taught hot topic means the person who is hot he will go to the company he will sit in the college only when it becomes still he will come to the college that is the problem with our education system the problem is teachers now tell me if I have got excellent assessment in java why do I need a teacher learn from anywhere we are hindering our progress by having teacher as a bottleneck for high end technology so learner chooses what how much when how all these questions and no prescription no failures only certificates that is my view at the end of 10 years of schooling you get a degree in mathematics he is up to this level physics he is up to this level chemistry nothing comes but dancing comes problem is gone I don't see any problem in that certificate what is written why is not written it is not necessary whoever wants he will take it after all you are killing him for some work or some activity outside whoever is the employee will look at what comes does that mean we are disturbing the whole education no 80% of the people will still do the same thing those are the things the employers still want 20% of the people why should Tendulkar learn physics may be physics but no mathematics physics is the ball chemistry is not needed so all the artists all this about I say 20% of the people are talented we are killing their talent we are not allowing them to learn why can't we be 10 standard batting both accha kartai building me kartai what is the problem your job has to ensure that the child has got 10 years of learning why the hell do you want to say he is sikna hai no need whoever comes to learn he will do more don't come why are you sitting behind him that is one fundamental thing I have told my sons when they passed out and I will tell that to you also never concentrate on your failures everybody does that but no each person has his strengths concentrate on your strengths because that is where you will excel if you got a weakness find somebody who will cover that weakness as a partner don't try to be an all-rounder it is not worth it what skills you have if you don't have marketing forget marketing it is not worth it concentrate on your strengths reach a higher level because covering your weaknesses no no you spend too much effort and don't achieve anything your weaknesses are inherent they will not go away for each and every topic of our learning well-defined levels of expertise varied learning material we do the experiments you have to get that and it will come there is one thing which I don't know I haven't played around with effective online mentoring I think that is the only solution if I say I don't want teachers because teachers I can't say teachers are useless because teachers help learning so I think what we need is some sort of e-mentoring maybe one of the subjects you can have after you have finished this how many people you have mentored could be one of the subjects one of the skills develop that but come up with an e-mentoring thing otherwise it's a problem you will reach the same problem of high technology useful stuff because there are no teachers so unless the learner becomes a teacher like the model that we talked about that is why I developed that model in the first place I was very interested that is something for the future I have kept it in mind I have not seen anyone talk about it but the mentoring thing has to be addressed somehow that is missing from the future and no one is looking at it and concept-based assessments is what I was arguing with him about how assessment is not concept-based I gave him the mathematics example the physics examples instead of teaching everything about friction set up an experiment tell him, ask him what is the friction at the end of the experiment I had read about an australian school which had this concept they gave them something and students in groups of five were designing experiments and the experiment was very simple it was an inclined plane kind of thing and do something so that that cart will will slide here some people were raising it like this some people were doing a smoothing some people were meaning surface they were learning what kind of and then you discuss what did you do to achieve that it is an experiment which is not prescribing good learning you have to look at these different methods of learning even in a classroom what physical learning will be limited to where it is a requirement okay you cannot learn how to speak to each other on this thing if there are ten people together they should not kill each other can be learned only if you keep ten people together on the net you actually learn all kinds of bad things who will be there I say it comment so you have to attempt the absurd because all this does not gel with what you have learned so far for all this is bound to come change is one thing which cannot be stopped technology cannot be stopped technology will take over sometime or the other the problem with India is we are always the last okay at least in this state we should be the first because we have nothing to disrupt we have no education system to speak of yeah that is what I said goal is to break the classroom boundaries then only you will succeed this current mukha time to take the classroom and take it to every house is not the correct thing you have to liberate the teacher from the classroom allow him tools explore newer and newer things okay take the students on a virtual field trip teacher can be present I am not against teachers I am against absorb the technology to teach and let one good teacher teach and others benefit from it good teachers are required it is not that everybody can learn good content is required but that is only minimal new techniques have to be there there is a concept of group learning which has not been tackled so far okay you have to go back to old age sometimes learn take the good things from the old it is not that all white haired people are idiots there was a group learning concept earlier so now let us go to projects online assessments in a non-copy mode okay that is the purpose the two versions group and individual group is where the online assessment happens here okay which is already implemented to a large extent by an earlier project we are going to take that code and that was implemented on a tablet we are going to make it web based but the basic concept in a group thing was this is going to be my proctor okay what does the proctor do of course there is going to be a physical proctor proctor hands over papers so each of you will carry a device answering device which can be nothing like it was supposed to be a tablet okay so that device will connect to this is a wifi node okay I know which device belongs to him which device belongs to you okay so I know he has started attending he has started attending the moment you enter the room and connect to my wifi okay okay okay okay okay okay okay okay okay okay okay okay okay okay you know how many correct how many wrong simple application like that added things the photograph was already included so my device tablet will keep showing the photograph because what is the proctor see you admit card so I have to include the admit card so that is included admit card is included and you cannot walk away with the paper because I will know that you are missing your tablet is missing from a range it is not that I look at you every time I have to be that extra I will do pulling I can take hundred point already implemented to large extent some very specific things your device has to be disabled so let us go with that what it will have single application disable all other applications this is only given for android this has to be implemented for always I do not care how now you will see the real me I am not soft I do not budge from specification I need this specification to be implemented on all operating systems known to you the operating is not known to you application should not work so these are requirement I do not want the student to go into internet I will close shop it was done for android that if I opens or try and open something else this fellow will close exam button warning me that is one thing electronic sign on with verification verification could be the photograph actually I have a photo I added something which is not there in the earlier thing entry to question paper face recognition and random image upload random image upload is what is currently present okay in whatever the edx is using okay I do not see any reason why I cannot add face recognition okay now my random image upload is not a random image upload my random image upload is when my software decides that I am unable to match the face light come I do not care the software makes a call give a 70% match alright 30% I am unsure photo leke bhej do that check karna jithna mai kar sakta mai karunga if possible I will add fingerprint also I had asked somebody to do that okay of the thing is there okay I can do this fingerprint in the meanwhile show fingerprint attack I am not allowing to go anywhere I am looking at his face I can look at his fingerprint what else do you want me to do add anything you want any other security feature you think to go on okay encrypted answer upload okay and immediate assessment okay what is the difference between the group and individual individual is you can do sitting at home okay what I cannot stop okay you taking the test here and your friend sitting here and giving you the answers I cannot stop okay but maybe I will add a sound component aaj kya karta hai kuch aaj aaya ban kar dosha or capture it and send it to the detective giri ke liye doesn't matter but this is the basic thing I don't think this is be anything like impossible this can be done that I am sure 101% sure okay the only thing is it has to be it is a painstaking thing all OSS okay and of course okay all these things are going to be based on LTI okay learning tool integration so if that software gives me face I will match face it doesn't give me face I will not match face give me fingerprint I will match fingerprint okay I will not match face there is another quotation generally quotation that quotation says do the necessary after that you do the possible okay and then you will find that you will do the impossible okay unless you start doing nothing happens this is what I am basing my whole space with tool set on every topic can be learnt on online of course you can tell me what can't be learnt online I am willing to listen then I will find some technology which will address your concern technology advancing so fast everything can be learnt on what is the disclaimer up to a certain level of competence and with limited e-mentoring okay I am not ruling out e-mentoring e-mentoring will be required okay because there will be difficulties this is where this whole this thing comes in if you are e-mentoring somebody here only said children that relies your person completely off his head okay India bought tablets akash okay audience you people useless and silly Thailand bought ten times the tablets in India same time one seventeenth of our population ten times the tablets were bought by the Thailand I think Thailand is military right okay whatever or not as good a democracy is ours at least we believe whom did they give the tablet to first standard and sixth standard okay now I am sure what is not quoted in the internet article is that they develop content for first standard and content for sixth standard okay and then maintain did that okay and I am sure that by the time the first standard become second standard they would have developed content for second standard and seventh standard should have well focused experiment knowing where you will get the maximum benefits their tablets were twice as costly as us okay now we are our tablet for fifty dollars there was some eighty five eighty eighty five dollars okay but their tablets at service centers in each district okay because they were giving it all across Thailand okay but this is the thing tablets are required at the school level not at college level you people can buy your own tablets if you want you are beyond tablets here are currently sick healthy tablets you won't help yeah technology enable content improvement I really don't know what it is okay the currently we are only talking videos I don't know that there could be 3d imaging that could be 3d holographic images I don't know okay but this is bound to happen okay your children's at your age will have holographic images to train with certain why I am certain they were there in star trek do you know when mobile was first discovered 1966 star trek old people know star trek star trek below the beauty was they actually gave everything almost all the changes that occurred were discovered by a team of writers who just imagine what is feasible the only thing that I that I have not seen okay is transportation atom code is disintegrate karnay ka udhar udhar ja ke karnay ka ho mani nahi de and once we have that technology it is I don't have to I can order a dosa sitting at home dosa sub atom ake dosa jay gharam all cooking will go a lot of art will also go cheating o jaga ae pain kar ke di kao ok that has not come phaser bhi ae that time laser technology was not there that phaser guns light shoot kar ke se shoot for virtual group learning is something which is not done okay and effective online mentoring these three things are bound to happen okay 101% they will happen sometime or the other believe me you can't stop them okay so positive certification of skills and ability is not negative okay mastery needs one to one coaching that is that I am almost sure such in tendulkar bana bana ne ke liye I'll need that whatever that fellow was a chek lagega delhi team ko upar lana ke liye dravid lagega neto word dub image ae so that is not done image and video tools again these are not scary as I said everything is one copy here one copy here okay so we already have python image library to go a lot of tools okay you have to build on top of that to do things like which probably are not there I have not seen it matching shapes sketch trucker net a simple thing can I draw a circle you will need that data ok I also know okay circle trucker net can I assess okay currently teacher lakta ae so that is matching shape so matching shapes is not for this okay for something else that is required when I can do it image processing software something called thinning thinning algorithms which identify boundaries between two types of pixels I can use that I get a shape once I get a shape of the teacher I get a shape of the student now I need to do this like what is that called curl matching and give marks everything is there okay and nothing great you need to marry it together to do matching matching shapes matching colors extremely simple okay but you can't say this color is wrong you again have to give for brightness and all that business and match colors how far as colors been produced okay transforming matching is what I said it can't be matched like this you have to shift and do something this go through the right banana as go through the come bright banana as a country will match karma part okay range matching it is not exact match current software which she showed had an exact match this pixel matches this or not that is useful only for a for a course which is teaching graphics or teaching blender okay but if I am doing physical drawing physical which are subjects I am coming to okay I need to do range matching okay the red pixels in between two two twenty five to two fifty five okay to two hundred to two twenty five other mark then I come zero mark then that kind of thing that's what I mean by range matching okay can be used by sketch by teaching sketching teaching drawing teaching painting teaching graphics and any other thing which you can think of I don't care okay now the reason why I have said that is when you work on this okay you are expected to demonstrate how your tool works by giving me an example of how a sketching course okay can be taught effectively using this tool okay so example of sketches yes teacher's sketch a student cottage sketcher I will ask somebody to sketch there I will ask sketch karka di kao mereya upload it my software tell you how good you are that is the demonstration I want in the end okay for each of the applications we will demonstrate applications demonstration will be only for one object but I don't want a canned object as far as possible the real demonstration is if you allow somebody to do it may be one day before I don't care but I'll allow them give something ask people to upload and give the thing and that is the end of the story everything I do I want a demonstration that is done okay Godzilla was done they have written horrible software please don't write horrible software okay all right video library and tool set identifying and tracking is the same thing once you do that then you can go here okay I did if identify and tracking object across frames okay I like some people I was given example I see cricket ball I saw I want you to do that okay take an actual video do something object is the ball of interest go enhance karka mujhe go seem di kao like okay okay object karka usko enhance karna enhancement can be different for cricket ball can be different for something else okay recognizing movement of object across frames again same transformation and mapping okay teacher object student object kaise guntha okay and matching and declaring percentage of success applications I can think of again people who work on this I want them to keep an open mind I don't know I have just seen some app I am looking at technology and I am in search of applications for technology we do technology but we demonstrate technology with applications otherwise just in the air dance mudras is one thing I could see where there is an object of interest I saw guntha okay 45 degree guntha 35 degree guntha I showed you some of that were love how no karate music that is not fighting here my son went for karate and how very confused I say maya mujhe make will fighting music I think I can fight better than this karate people how how correct are you make a derke bagum gata but anyway again I said karate yes okay you can match just now thought about it okay I need people to think okay essential to creativity is not being up to fail this is creative I need applications creative applications of the tool set of taking an object of interest and matching it with another object of interest okay sound analysis already covered sound files attribute amplitude pitch again I know very little about it rain matching musical instruments and pronunciation is one thing which I thought about okay there are people who teach pronunciate thoda ae kum karo kum karo you to be ae ss sound ae ish me tumar ae thoda galti hai let the student learn the simpler application okay right that's why I think it is theoretically impossible I say I have failed twice okay I want still to do it I can't believe it I basically come from viewpoint where I say everything is possible in software okay hundreds of people I have said I will not agree that I cannot do it this is your servant you are the master if you are a programmer this fellow can do everything you ask him to do the problem is you don't ask him to do lot of things because you are afraid brain tapping okay I'll just give you an example this thing is there anyway one way to exercise intelligence things like shape matching okay I give a series of five shapes you match okay then the next level would be this half the shape will be smaller half the shape will be made bigger match then shape will be rotated match this could be shape matching exercise okay another exercise could be take pieces together like you people must have played when your children pieces as a plastic shiny shiny pieces usse tum design manav okay that's an activity that can be done very easily on the web you give some time to it one activity which I can tell you is I have seen in brain games brain games is one thing people here should look at okay where there are the series of this this isa isa ye karte the ones have ball drop here will it fall in bucket number one to six second below another set of these plates will come here's a ball drop okay the activity of pressing either jaya jaya jaya jaya jaya jaya jaya jaya that activity one more game brain game like that so these people will keep on generating such things okay they have to know 3js this will be based on 3js library is a brilliant library based on graphics okay earlier is not 3js then discovering science creating a library activities for science concepts okay here the theory is I want experiments I have got something okay so these people will have to identify and select concepts okay you can't cover the whole of science designing activities for each concept and then implementing them mathematics will be based on numeracy the hundreds of websites available who do you hundreds of things for this small kids okay just go there steal the concept and implement I don't care as long as it has got levels okay I don't want a single thing because I want to build gamification into it one way to learn method physics I will give an example experiment which leads to answers so they will conduct an experiment give me answer what is the gravity am I on the moon I can ask questions like this yes below no below am I on earth jeek and between any I am not on earth which planet do I belong to would be a question you don't ask simple question what is the gravity 9.7 is a much or you can give him that is the higher more higher level you are on a planet you are given these tools okay tell me which planet you are simple that is the more higher thing okay design an experiment to come to a conclusion okay chemistry I don't know very weak okay science is the poetry of reality you want to check science based on some real-time things mathematics also should be based on some real-time things whole number of theory common a bhaja bhaja and the open mind I am open to suggestions anybody who wants to assess anything which is out of the box not reliance you okay I am open okay new topic area corresponding okay looking for explosive not afraid to fail I don't think everything will be successful there only one project I have failed in so far only one project that too because dr. again like he gave today that time he did he had no projects okay one idea I had I was I was prepared today if I had said I have not thought about it I was prepared with the project okay so that time I had a long time project this thing the design was not done but it failed only because I had a bad pl okay somebody say I always ask who wants to feel some fellow wanted to be feel he was not a good pl okay this half the two to three works he wasted by doing things his own way those people who work with me I will give you plenty of flexibility okay but you will do things my own way okay to my specifications I don't change these are the specifications for lot of freedom inside the specific quality not done demonstrability definitely required quality not compromise quality of the functionality as I said the people did come bad thing I don't have the strength to do code walkthrough and you don't have the strength to face my code walkthrough you will deliver nothing okay I am very hard code walkthrough person questions okay very good I have defined nothing I know okay all right and one more thing I am telling you even you don't opt for this project I am going to get 50 back by the way I wanted to tighten you all I actually want like I told them I want about 15 people who are number one whose choice is number one that is my objective okay because I always believed okay that a project is successful if I get the good people to work maximum I always told my project leaders don't waste your time on stragglers you want to give successful delivery of the project concentrate on your good people get them to work 110 percent 120 percent go ek aadmi 10 percent kaam kyaana usko chhor do chai to chai pinne ko anlane ko bolo lekin usko uska software upar karne ka tumara kaam nahi hai tumara kaam project delivery project delivery good people and please remember this is very important okay if you are good you will be overloaded in a professional company don't crib that you overloaded you will be overloaded only if you are good otherwise they will not they have to deliver work they will give more work to you only if you are good my son doesn't listen to me keeps complaining he is he is overloaded but he doesn't take this as a compliment keep telling him and I am sure he is getting overloaded because he is good yeah thank you


A piston-cylinder arrangement contains steam and an electric resistance heater. The cylinder is perfectly insulated to ensure minimal heat transfer with its surroundings and rests on a table in a large room where the ambient conditions are 20°C and 1 bar. The steam in the cylinder is initially at 200°C and 150 kPa and occupies a volume of 0.25 cubic meters. Now you plug the heater into a 120V wall outlet and measure the current running through the heater to be 5 amps. The heater heats up the steam causing the steam to isobarically expand. You stop the heater once the gas has expanded to 0.5 cubic meters. Complete the following. Determine the mass of the steam at the beginning of the heating process, the temperature of the steam at the end of the heating process, and the time required for this process to occur. I will begin with a system diagram. I'm defining two state points here. One, the beginning of the process, I will call state one. The other, the end of the process, I will call state two. And my goal is going to be to pick out two independent, intensive properties for both state points that will fix both state points, at which point I can look up whatever I need in our steam tables. So at state one, I know that we have an initial temperature and pressure of 200°C and 150 kPa.  We know the initial volume as well, 0.25 cubic meters. And the end condition is defined as being a volume of 0.5 cubic meters. Now what else do I know about state two? Think about it for a second. Maybe pause the video if you want. Many of you are probably saying, well it's probably reasonable to assume that the mass is constant, so mass two would equal mass one, and that's a reasonable assumption to make. We could assume we had a closed system, or that we can treat this as a closed system. That would mean that our mass was not allowed to cross the system boundary, meaning m2 is equal to m1, but that is not two independent intensive properties. For one thing, volume isn't even intensive, so there must be more to it. What else do we know about state two? Has to do with the fact that the problem told us it was isobarically expanding. Isobaric means constant pressure, which means p2 is equal to p1. So what are the two independent intensive properties which fully define state two? They are pressure and specific volume. I know, it's not what you expected, right? But John, I hear you asking, we don't even know the specific volume of state two, but we have enough information to be able to describe it, because we can look up anything we want at state one, including but not limited to specific volume one. So we could use specific volume one to calculate the mass of state one, which would be the same as state two, and then we could use the volume and mass at state two to calculate the specific volume of state two, and then we could use the pressure and the specific volume at state two to determine whatever it was that we wanted. Now that leads me to my next question. What is it that we want? Well, the problem first asks for the mass of the steam at the beginning of the process. So for part a, I'm looking for mass one, which is going to be total volume one divided by specific volume one, which means that we are going to want to look up specific volume one, which I already have written down. For part b, we are trying to determine the temperature at the end of the process, which once we have that state point fixed, we can just look up. So b will be done when we look up t2. Then c asks us to determine the time required for this process to occur. So for that, we are going to have to relate work and power, meaning I know the electrical work is applied at a certain rate because I have a voltage and a current, and we are ignoring power factor as a concept right now. So I can multiply the voltage in the current, 120 volts and five amps, to come up with the amount of electrical power applied to my system. That would be 120 times five, which is 600. So 600 joules of electrical work is applied per second. If I could determine how much work was actually occurring, then I have myself a duration. Now, do we know anything that would allow us to deduce what the electrical work is? Well, do we have a way to describe how energy is related across a process? It is our energy balance.  So first question, do we have a steady process or a transient process? We have a transient process. We know that because stuff is changing with respect to time. Like for example, the volume of the steam changes over the course of time. And in fact, the problem asks us for a duration, which implies that time is important. Therefore, we can't neglect the effects of time. Transient means we have to include the left-hand side of our energy balance here. So this could be delta u, could be delta ke, and it could be delta pe. And then I already am assuming this is a closed system, and energy can cross the boundaries of a closed system as heat transfer or work. Therefore, my full energy balance for this problem is delta u plus delta ke plus delta pe is equal to q in plus work in minus the quantity q out plus work out. My next step is to begin to eliminate terms. So I will start from left to right. Is it reasonable to neglect internal energy? No, it is not. I need my change in internal energy because the properties of this team are changing. And I'm probably going to want to relate work to them. But I can neglect changes in kinetic and potential energy because the problem told me nothing that would indicate a change in velocity or change in elevation. So we are assuming that those changes in kinetic and potential energy are negligibly small. What about heat transfer and work? Well, the problem told me the cylinder was perfectly insulated. Perfect insulation means I have no heat transfer. And we indicate an adiabatic process, which is one where there's no heat transfer, with these fuzzy lines on our system diagram. So we have no heat transfer in either direction. Therefore, I can get rid of q in and q out. And that's not even based on an assumption because the problem told us it was perfectly insulated. This state-of-the-art perfect insulation that doesn't allow any heat transfer in any direction. Okay, what about work in? Do I include work in or do I neglect it? That's right, I keep it. I keep it because I have work in in the form of electrical work. What about work out? Do I have any opportunities for work out? Well, easiest way to determine that would be to go down the list of works that we had talked about. Do we have shaft work? Do we have spring work? Do we have electrical work? Do we have boundary work? Do any of those occur in this problem? Well, I'm going to have boundary work because I have a changing volume. The volume goes from 0.25 to 0.5, which means I have an expansion process which consumes some of the energy that the electric resistance heater is applying. So electricity comes in, it enters the steam, some of the energy stays there, some of it leaves as boundary work. So I will plug in boundary work for work out. And that, remember, is the integral of pressure with respect to volume. And that's going to be pressure times change in volume because we have an isobaric process. The pressure comes out of the integral. So I can say delta U is equal to work in minus pressure times V2 minus V1. And I can say work in then would be U2 minus U1 plus pressure times V2 minus V1. And before we continue, let me just take a moment to have a conversation about this quantity here. We have internal energy 2 minus internal energy 1 plus pressure times volume 2 minus volume 1. We could determine the mass. We can look up specific U1 and specific U2 and multiply each of those by mass to get a total U1 and a total U2. And then I could plug in U2, U1, pressure, volume 2 and volume 1 and get an answer. And that would be fine. Or I could recognize that this is a quantity that we see a lot. We have internal energy pressure and volume. And I could write this as U2 minus U1 plus, if I distributed my pressure, I could write that as either P1 or P2 because they're the same. So I could write P2 V2 minus P1 V1 if I wanted to. And if I were to group together the state one and state two properties, I could write this as U2 plus P2 V2 minus U1 plus P1 V1. And I have a convenient representation for that. That quantity appears so frequently that we have a special name for it. It's enthalpy. Enthalpy is the combination of internal energy plus pressure times volume. So I can write that as H2 minus H1, which if I wanted to write it in terms of specific quantities, which are more conveniently accessible to me, I can write this as mass two times little H2 minus mass one times little H1. And if I were to have calculated mass by now, I could plug in little H1 and little H2 and have an answer with way fewer numbers being written in my calculator. Either way would produce the same answer.  Pro tip, your life is going to be easiest if you work through your solution symbolically first before you get caught up in the nitty gritty of looking up properties and calculating numbers. If you can determine what you need to look up before you actually start looking stuff up, then you can pack all your property lookups together, do them all at the same time and knock out what you need before getting back to solving your problem.   So now that we know exactly what we are looking up, we can actually look it up. So at day one, I wanted a temperature and pressure, which I'm going to use to determine a specific volume and specific enthalpy. And the first step is still to fix the phase. I have to know what phase it is so that I can go into the correct property table. So I will look up the saturation temperature corresponding to my pressure, compare my temperature to it and determine a phase. So I'm looking for the saturation temperature corresponding to 150 kPa. So I will jump into our saturation tables by pressure. I will find 150 kPa, which is 1.5 bar. I see the saturation temperature is 111.4, and then I'm going to compare that to my temperature and deduce something about the phase. I see that our temperature at day one is 200 degrees Celsius, which is higher than 111.4. Therefore, we have a superheated vapor. So I'm going to go into my superheated vapor tables to find our properties for state one. I don't remember what our pressure was. It was 1.5 bar. So I'm going to be looking for a pressure sub table of 1.5 bar, and as luck would have it, we happen to have one. That's convenient. I don't have to interpolate or nothing. And I have 200 degrees Celsius, which means I can just grab a specific volume of 1.444 is that times 10 to the negative third is not just 1.444. So our specific volume at state one is 1.444 cubic meters per kilogram. And we can grab a specific enthalpy while we're at it. That is 2872.9, 2872.9. Another tip while we're here, if you can't see internal energy and specific enthalpy anymore, because you've zoomed way in on the PDF, and you don't remember which column is which, remember that enthalpy is always greater than or equal to internal energy, because enthalpy is defined as internal energy plus pressure times volume. Specific enthalpy would then be specific internal energy plus pressure times specific volume and pressure can never be a negative quantity because we're talking about absolute pressure. So it's always going to be greater than or equal to specific internal energy. So if you see these two columns, the bigger of the two is going to be your specific enthalpy. Anyway, so we have V1 and H1. So my next step is to calculate a mass, which I'm going to do by taking 0.25 cubic meters and dividing by 1.444 cubic meters per kilogram cubic meters, cancels cubic meters, giving me a mass. And that mass is if my calculator would cooperate, 0.25 divided by 1.444. And we get 0.17313. We get 0.17313. You like the way that I said that without any sort of confusion? I just said the number right the first time. That was impressive. Okay, I probably have too many decimal places from trying to cover for the fact that I said one before I said zero. The point is, we have a mass of 0.173. And I could use that to determine a specific volume at state two from which I can interpolate for whatever I want. So specific volume two would be volume two divided by mass two. Mass two is equal to mass one. So I'm going to take 0.5 divided by that number we just calculated, and we get a specific volume of state two of 2.888 cubic meters per kilogram. And note, we could have gotten there faster. I mean, we needed the mass anyway. But we could have recognized that our mass is constant and our total volume is doubling. Therefore, our specific volume would also be doubling. So we could have taken 1.444. We could have multiplied it by two to get 2.888 and written that down. And that would have been a much faster way to get to specific volume two. But we are halfway through our property lookups now. So I will proceed back into our tables to try to fix the state point that has a specific volume of 2.888 and a pressure of 150 kilopascals.  And I'm going to compare V2 to VF and VG. So I'm going to go to my saturation tables in order of pressure. I'm going to find 1.5 bar. I'm going to grab my highlighter tool because I forgot it was there. And I see VF is 0.0010528 and VG is 1.159. My specific volume of 2.888 is higher than both of those, which means that I have a superheated vapor again. So I'm going to go back to my superheated vapors and I'm going to try to highlight everything apparently. And I'm going to stop highlighting. I'm going to stop. I just want to stop highlighting. Go away. I want the hand tool back. Okay, I guess fine. This is how life is. This is why we don't highlight. But well, okay, I'm going to try to find a pressure sub table corresponding to our pressure, which was 1.5 bar.  And I'm going to try to find 2.888 on this sub table. And I see that 2.888 does not appear on this sub table. So, okay, I swear I'll stop moving the screen in a second. What that means is it's at a temperature that is higher than 600 degrees Celsius. This table in the appendix is not exhaustive. It is not all possible temperatures. It's just a selection. And 600 degrees Celsius is what they considered at the time, the point at which to stop printing the little table because they had a limited amount of room, because they have to print a whole bunch of these two dimensional cross sections of a three dimensional surface. So just like any other time that we have a temperature that doesn't appear on this chart, we are going to assume that the relationship between all the data points is a line. And this time, instead of interpolating, we are extrapolating. So anytime you're going between known data points, that's interpolating. Anytime that you're going outside of known data points, that's extrapolating. And the approach is exactly the same. We are extrapolating instead of interpolating, but the equation doesn't change. I'm still going to take the proportion of the way we are between two data points here, that's going to be 500 and 600. And I'm going to extrapolate out for our actual temperature. So for example, if I wanted to determine the temperature at state two, like I do, I'm going to be taking 2.888 minus the higher physically higher on the physical table, not numerically higher, but the higher up row, which is 500, excuse me, which is the specific volume corresponding to 500, which is 2.376. And then we are dividing by the value at the lower row, which is 2.685 minus the value at the higher row. So we are taking our specific volume minus the value at 500 divided by the value at 600 minus the value at 500. It's just that this proportion is now greater than one, which is fine. And we are multiplying that by the quantity 600 minus 500 and adding it to 500. And that tells us our temperature at state two is 665.696. Quick aside here, extrapolation is dangerous. Generally speaking, extrapolation is to be avoided where possible. If you can interpolate, that's always better than extrapolating. Extrapolation is real easy to come up with real unrepresentative results. Like if I said 40 people are in this class today, and one person drops it tomorrow, tomorrow there are 39 people. If we extrapolate from that, in 40 days there will be no one left in this class. That's probably not a representative way of assessing student population over time. Extrapolation can yield very unrepresentable results. And best practice is to interpolate wherever you can. So we can't because we have nothing to interpolate between. So our only option was to extrapolate. I will also point out that generally speaking, it's considered safe to extrapolate as long as you stay within the same quantity of distance that represents the distance between your data points. So like, if we were interpolating between a value of 100 degrees Celsius higher than 600, like we are, that's considered safe. Does that make sense? Because the distance between 500 and 600 is still greater than the distance between our highest data point and our data point. However, if we interpolated for like 1200 degrees Celsius, that would be considered a risky result. Anyway, we have one more interpolation to do and that is for enthalpy. So I will take that same interpolation and replace 500 and 600 with the enthalpy at 500 and 600. Remember, it's the higher of the two columns. So I'm taking 3704.3 minus 3487.6. And I'm adding that to 3487.6. So my enthalpy at state two is 3846.66. So we've completed all the lookups we needed to actually answer everything in the problem. I have enough information to be able to proceed now. All that's left coincidentally is part C, which is going to involve calculating a work. So I'm going to take this relationship that we had simplified.  Our mass we calculated as 0.17313. And we are multiplying that by h2 minus h1, which is 3846.66 minus h1, which was 2872.9, 2872.9. And then we are getting kilojoules per kilogram for that delta kilograms, cancels kilograms, leaving us with kilojoules. So I'm taking 0.17313, which is this number here, multiplying by this number here, minus 2872.9. And we get a required work input of 168.588. So now we are going to use our power and our work together. Because remember, power represents d work d time, which over the course of the entire process would be the work occurring divided by the duration. Therefore, duration is going to represent the work required divided by the rate at which that work is required or applied, excuse me. So that's 168.588 kilojoules divided by 600 watts. Remember that a watt is defined as a joule per second. And also remember that a kilojoules 1000 joules, the joules cancels joules, watts cancels watts, kilojoules cancels kilojoules. And I'm made in the shade. I got this quantity multiplied by 1000 divided by 600 and I get 200.98 seconds. Therefore, this process would take, what is that, three minutes, 20.98 seconds.