This 10th year of Daily Tech News show is made possible by its listeners. Thanks to all of you, including Kirk Stephenson, this music teacher, James C. Smith, and Dave Packard. On this episode of DTNS, foldable PCs are trying to become a thing. The FCC wants to swing back to that neutrality. And do we want podcasts in our music apps? Well, too bad. That's what we're doing. This is the Daily Tech News for Tuesday, September 26, 2023 in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt. And from Studio Secret Punker, I'm Sarah Lane. And on the show's producer, Roger Chain. Now, I know some of you may have heard us say at the end of yesterday's show that John C. DeVorek was going to be with us. And he was until his internet decided to leave. And so we will we will try to get John back. Sorry for that, John. We'll reschedule. In the meantime, though, you know what did show up, Sarah? What's that, Tom? The quick hits. See what you did there. After a ban on iPhone 12s in France due to radiation concerns, Apple has offered regulators in the country an update to mitigate what was considered an excessive specific absorption rate. Earlier this month, Apple pledged to accommodate the testing methods used in France. And the French digital ministry told Reuters that it is reviewing the update. The U.S. Federal Trade Commission and 17 states' attorneys general have filed a joint lawsuit against Amazon via say alleging they violated antitrust laws, which reduced competition and raised prices. On the seller side, Amazon is accused of punishing sellers who offered lower prices elsewhere than Amazon and pushing sellers to Amazon's fulfillment service and to pay fees for things like advertising on the platform. On the consumer side, the FTC accuses Amazon of replacing search results with paid ads and biasing search results to Amazon's own products. We have heard this refrain before. In other Amazon news product had David Limp, who just announced he was leaving Amazon, has been named CEO of Jeff Bezos's Blue Origin rocket company. To the moon. The Verges, Sean Hollister reports that Valve announced its shipping steam at VR 2.0 in beta. In its words, quote, we see this as the first major step towards our goal of bringing all of what's new on the steam platform into VR. Valve has supposedly been working on a VR headset codenamed Deckard. It's OS update day. Microsoft began rolling out the fall update for the Windows 11 system. That's the one that brings you co-pilot, the AI powered assistant for Windows. Among other features, Microsoft paints getting some photoshop like features with support for transparency and layers. File Explorer gets its modern makeover and Windows 11 now supports pass keys. Apple also released its operating system a little earlier than usual. Mac OS Sonoma, just a week after iOS 17. Among the new features there, the Mac lock screen looks like an iPhone's with a password field instead of a number pad. You can put iPhone widgets on a Mac without having to install the corresponding app and a new game mode prioritizes CPU and GPU resources to optimize gaming and make wireless accessories more responsive. Spotify launched a new feature called Jam, which lets up to 32 users create a combined playlist. Jam has technology that you may have seen another other multi person playlist like Blend and Duo Mix, but is designed for real time collabs, as the kids say, like at a birthday party. Instead of only one person being that DJ, having access to control the music at that social gathering, everyone says, actually, they have pretty bad taste in music. Everybody or at least 32 people who are part of Jam can multi DJ that event. I could get messy. I've been there. Well, all right. Yes, all the screens. Tell me. Yes, yes, yes, yes. All right, let's let's switch gears, talk about foldable screens. And we're not talking about mobile devices, although this will play into the conversation we're about to have. The LG gram fold is a 17 inch foldable OLED laptop that can be used like a tablet, not the first to the party. Of course, there's the Lenovo X one fold, which just launched its second version, 16 inch, 16 inch version and two other 17 inch foldables, the ASUS ZenBook 17 fold OLED and HP's 17 inch Spectre fold. Now, as with foldable phones, the form factor will hurt your wallet. It's expensive. Think pad X one fold is 2,499. Zenbook fold is 3,499. The Spectre fold is five thousand dollars. LG's entry is right in there. Now, it's only going to be available in South Korea. So we have the price in one four point nine nine million won, but that puts it just below four thousand dollars US. LG is using its own LG display foldable screen. If you are keeping track of displays out there, and I know one of you is Samsung and BOE also make foldable laptop and tablet displays that are used in some of these. So, yeah, that's where we are with the foldable displays. And all of these that Tom mentioned offer the ability to dock a Bluetooth keyboard to use like a 12 to 13 inch laptop. Using the keyboard separately, but the full side screen is also an option or using a virtual keyboard when bent into the laptop shape. And you can hold it like a book. So you might say, all right, are we out of gimmick land? Obviously, these are expensive, Tom, but are there situations throughout your regular day where you say, gosh, I wish I had one. Just like foldable phones, I want to set aside the expense for the sake of being able to have a discussion. Because otherwise, I think we just end up with too pricey for most people. Is there a reason if let's say the cost of these comes down as they become more popular, which often happens. Would I want a foldable screen? And I was very fascinated with foldable phones. And once I got one, I got the Pixel Fold, I started to realize like, OK, this is what it's good for. It's really nice to be able to open it up to that bigger screen sometime, but not have to have it that way. I don't know that I've ever felt the same way about a laptop, though. I'm not sure that I and my Chromebook, I have a Chromebook that I can fold over into a tablet. I used to have the surface where you could detach the screen and use it as a tablet, never do either of those things. So I'm not sure I need a laptop that unfolds into a tablet, at which point it seems inconvenient, don't you think, to just have to like, oh, I have to snap a Bluetooth keyboard on or or pair it up or use it separately?  But putting that aside, yeah, is this a form factor that I say, ah, this would this would help me in, you know, A, B and C scenarios. And I can't really come up with any scenario. Now, I'm also not a multi monitor person right now. I'm sitting, you know, I've got my big desktop monitor. It's I don't even think it's that at 28 inches, I think plenty big. You know, I got windows. I can see all sorts of, you know, things at once. But it kind of just makes sense to me to have it all in one place. Now, that's a desktop situation. I'm not traveling with this rig at all. But if I were to have a laptop, the, you know, even when I used an iPad quite often, which is the only tablet that I've ever used with any consistency and I haven't used an iPad regularly for four years now. I was always sort of like, yeah, you can add a keyboard to it. But then like, what's the point of it being a lap or a tablet rather? And I I get that there are a lot of people who go, it's great. It's great for that reason. You know, if you have space issues, if you're doing a lot of travel, you know, if you like the touchscreen capability, all of that makes a lot of sense to me, but the foldable laptop. I guess I have to go back to price at this point. No, I it just isn't something that I it's not something I would say no to. Right. If someone said, hey, try this out. But no, it's not a form factor that I need. It's cool. That's about how I feel. Maybe, maybe on the go, and I'm not on the go very often. So that's probably why I'm not thinking about it. But what what about? So let's pretend we're not ourselves for a second. Where we never leave our house or garage. And if you're on the go, having the flexibility to make make that screen bigger or smaller, like I could see on an airplane that's usually my go to for for travel is like, oh, could I watch a movie on this? Well, a nice 17 inch screen. Yeah, that's that's not bad. I thought I would like watching movies on a on a pixel fold, but I don't really watch them more on the unfolded version of the pixel fold, which is seven inches than I would on a like 6.9 inch iPhone. So this this could actually change that. I don't know if that justifies the price, but that's the best I got. Yeah, I mean, I think that, you know, when you when you when, you know, we're asking ourselves, like, is this just a gimmick because it's possible to make this form factor? No, I think there's a lot more to it. And somebody out there is going, this is a great use case that you're not thinking of. And please do email us feedback at daily tech news show dot com with your thoughts. But yeah, I think if you are on route regularly and, you know, we were talking about that we were having this conversation about foldable phones not that long ago of just being able to pack it in when you're not using it in its full capacity into a, you know, a smaller pocket or, you know, duffel bag or whatever that sometimes is enough to say, yes, this now I can do a variety of things with one product that can mimic three. OK, I'm going to I'm going to wrap up this this conversation with a plea for feedback. I'm going to give you two folders. There's the folder that I will not respond to, which is the people going, don't laptop's already fold and the people going, I hate the foldable idea. I will read them or appreciate them, but I won't respond to them. If you send us the, hey, I want the foldable screen in my laptop. And here's why. Definitely going to respond to that and might read those on the show. So send those to us feedback at daily tech news show dot com. I mean, I'll laugh at the ones that say our laptop's already foldable every time you send. He asked. I just won't respond to it. Yeah. U.S. Federal Communications Commission chair Jessica Rosenwurzel is announcing plans Tuesday to propose reclassifying broadband internet providers as telecommunication providers, a.k.a. Title Two. Oh, Sarah, it's like greatest hits. Remember this old tune from the 20 tones? In fact, yes, a news item we covered extensively back in the day. And apparently we are swinging right back. Well, you know, all the old fashions come back around net neutrality, apparently one of them. If you're having a hard time keeping track, well, let me bring you back up to speed. FCC chairman Tom Wheeler under President Obama classified internet providers as telecoms, placing them under open internet guidelines, commonly called net neutrality. It's called Title Two.  You can't prejudice certain traffic. You're just delivering the service. A version of that was created. FCC chair Ajit Pai, who came in under President Trump, rescinded that classification and said, no, no, no. Internet providers are under communications rules. Title One, like cable TV, meaning that open internet guidelines don't apply. They can manage their network however they want in order to make sure that the packets flow freely. We don't want to restrict them from managing. Now, everybody said when Wheeler did it and when Pai did it, that it would ruin the internet and in neither case did it ruin the internet. But I'll tell you what isn't good is constantly switching what the telecoms and everybody else have to deal with. And now Rosen Morsel would like to go back to reclassify them again. This follows the appointment of Anna Gomez to the FCC commission that makes the commission a full five member body for the first time in years, meaning you can actually have a three to vote instead of always having a two to tie and the initial vote on this proposal is now going to be scheduled for October 19th. Sarah, do you enjoy the ping pong of reclassification of the internet every five to 10 years? Not at all.  No, I don't think this is good for anybody. I know that there are a lot of net neutrality advocates. Certainly a lot of folks in our audience feel pretty strongly about that. So I feel like this is a win or at least a step in the right direction of a win. But not if it's just going to go back to something else, you know, in it depending on the administration in charge going forward. I think what we need to do at this point is say, all right, let's let's all just let's classify and end it. Yeah, we need a new title. That that's my position. And I know that making a new law is almost impossible in this day and age, unless it has to do with very limited categories that everybody agrees on. And this is such a political football, you're not going to get people to agree. But the problem is that, first of all, the internet is neither of these things. That's why we actually don't see much real big effect when they reclassify is that the internet just kind of is like, well, we're we're not communications or telecommunications either one where the internet and so maybe you get a little attitude to push a little one way or another. But to properly manage the internet, you just keep managing it as the internet. If you want to properly regulate it, I think you have to create internet regulation. The telecommunications regulation was created in the 30s when telephony was new and the communications regulation was created in the 70s when cable television was new. And I think the 90s is when it really got solidified. So you could think about it that way too. But we're now in the age of the internet. There needs to be a classification that says the internet works like this. Here are the rules to say, like, hey, you can't do this, you can't do that. Net neutrality for whatever it means could be part of that. But I think it really does need to just say, here's here's the guidelines in which you operate an internet service provider. And they're essentially the way the ISPs have been operating and just saying, here are the boundaries. It shouldn't even be that controversial in my opinion, anyway. I know that telcos have their own thoughts about this because it can benefit companies. But putting all of this aside because I know you've thought about this a lot, Tom, who what is the argument for a non net neutrality future for broadband internet that makes sense? Yeah, so usually the argument you get from from the ISPs is that if if net neutrality rules go in place, they won't be able to properly manage their networks because there are times when you need to shape traffic in order to keep the internet flowing. Turns out when Wheeler's rules were in place, nobody got sued for proper management of traffic. And the argument for net neutrality is if you don't have rules in place for net neutrality, the ISPs will block traffic in order to prioritize paid traffic. And that means that certain voices will be disadvantaged. Turns out we haven't seen that either because it really doesn't make as much business sense as people fear. So when I talk to network people, people who work on actual networks at ISPs and I know several of them, they all say, look, we do need some rules of the road to make sure that everybody's cooperating with each other. Maybe some rules to make peering clear and easy. And so we don't have to fight each other of it. Maybe some pull access rules so everybody can can run networks easier. But we really don't fit in either of these categories. When you talk to the lobbyists, when you talk to the business people at networks, that's when they start saying, well, we need these easier rules in order to do traffic shaping and stuff like that. The folks who operate the networks don't say that as much in my experience. All right, folks, I know a lot of you are Android users and we have a show for you. Ron Richards and Quentin Dahl bring you Android Faithful, a podcast devoted exclusively to Android news and information. You can catch it Tuesdays at 8 p.m. Eastern, 5 p.m. Pacific, live right there on the internet. Net neutrality or not, the packets fly to you. Go to www.androidfaithful.com. Google has a reputation for killing its own products. It's kind of a meme at this point. Today certainly does not provide evidence against that. So let's run down what has happened. YouTube Premium Lite will go away as of October 25th. This was the less expensive version of YouTube Premium that just removed ads. A longer lived offering, basic HTML Gmail will go away in January. So they're giving us a heads up on this. This version has been around for more than 10 years, even though Gmail back in the day was always like, well, you can use it, but don't you want the nicer, newer one? I don't know. Some of you might have said, no, I like basic. So you got till Jan and Google Podcasts will shut down later in 2024. We don't know exactly when, but sometime next year, the company is once again moving podcast listeners along to a new platform. And this time it's YouTube Music. Yeah, Google had a podcast support to YouTube Music app in the U.S. Anyway, back in April, they say a migration tool is in the works so that you'll be able to bring all your Google Podcast shows over to YouTube Music. That a migration tool for Google Music to bring it over to YouTube Music. That worked fairly well. So hopefully this one will, too. And it will include RSS feeds for shows not currently in the YouTube Music catalog. So it'll be open for you to add RSS feeds. It won't have to be indexed in YouTube for it to work. You'll also be able to export an OPML of your podcast feeds from Google Podcasts. If you don't want to go to YouTube Music and you can take that OPML into any other podcast app that allows you to import. TechCrunch points out this leaves Apple as the only major platform that has not merged music and podcasts into one app. Though Apple did announce Tuesday that Apple Music Radio shows are now going to be available in the Apple Podcasts app. That is different than music and podcasts all together. Those are essentially shows. They could be considered podcasts. Sarah, are these platforms worth the effort for for podcasters or listeners, either one? I mean, listen, so every time I start a new podcast and daily tech news show aside, this is something that I do here and there in various projects, you know, capacities. And I just kind of say to everybody, OK, here are, you know, the kind of obvious stuff where the feeds should go. Here's where you're probably going to get your most, you know, the majority of your audience. But here are some other places that people enjoy podcasts. You know, let's try to service as many people as possible. Google Podcasts has consistently, because I get reports, monthly reports from Google, consistently just the lowest numbers. You know, so I kind of go, OK, well, I don't think it's a service that doesn't work well, but I I've never thought that. In fact, I think it makes a lot of sense. But for whatever reason, people just don't think about that as, you know, a place to get podcasts. Maybe some of you say that's the only way that I get podcasts. And, you know, that's great. There just clearly aren't enough of you to the point that the company says, let's roll it into music, which brings me to my gripe. Podcasts and music, two different things. If you want to reinvent an app, call it audio, then let's talk. But podcasts and music are two different things. Yes, you can have a podcast about music. So we're getting into a little Venn diagram thing here. But they're two different things. It's like, I mean, I've always thought that about iTunes. iTunes being about anything besides music has never, you know, never sat well with me. So I sound a little bit more fired up about this that I really am. I mean, do what you want to do, universe. But it bothers me. It does. I don't think that they're the same. And so I agree with Apple in that sense. You know, every so, so often I'll, I don't know, like accidentally hit the music icon rather than the podcast icon. And I immediately I'm like, oh, yeah, I'm in the wrong place. Yeah. Yeah. I meant to do something different. I don't know. They're just different things to me. Yeah, GPAC84 points out Apple used to have podcasts in iTunes, to your point about iTunes being blown. Oh, it was it means crazy stuff in it. But even Apple, when they changed away from iTunes, decided to keep podcasts separated from from music. Maybe they'll eventually start doing it the same way as everybody else. But I find it it's fine. I don't I don't have a problem with it, but I find it confusing. I find it harder to keep track of things when the podcast and the music have one more app combined together. I get that in theory, you're wanting to listen to something and you listen to podcasts and music in similar situations while you're jogging, while you're in the car, while you're doing yardwork, you know, you got headphones in, you're listening to one or the other. And that's why you see Amazon even putting audio books in there along in the same line, because that also is something that you you listen to in the same kinds of situations. I just wish that whatever they do on the platform side, we would just all have one place to submit RSS feeds. And it would just be it's it's RSS. It's meant for that. It's meant to be universal, right? Why do we have to submit to every OK? Now I got to submit to YouTube music. Got to make sure that YouTube music has mine when the show is already on YouTube and was already on Google Podcasts and is in Spotify and is an iHeart radio. I just I just think it's annoying that every platform wants to reinvent the wheel or gatekeep what's in their system when there is a perfectly reasonable and systematic way. And in fact, it's too bad that John had technical problems today because I know he and Adam are big supporters of an open project to index podcasts that is right there for everybody to use. Yeah, I think this largely, you know, Google has a marketing problem. Google also sunsets a variety of properties with some regularity that people really like. So so, you know, you that's a twofer here. But just in the greater sense of if let's say Spotify, I'm not a Spotify user, I use Apple music, but let's, you know, call them for the most part, pretty similar products, putting podcasts and music together under Spotify, not the end of the world, just Spotify want to break out into two different platforms? No, of course not. But I think you can you can, you know, it's it's largely optics here of you want to listen to something. Well, we've got everything you might need.  That would be fine. That wouldn't upset me. I just don't like when things are put into a music category when they're not music. I just thought of something. YouTube has done something I think is pretty smart with YouTube TV and YouTube music, which is they're both available in YouTube. There's three different apps, right? There's YouTube music for music. There's YouTube TV for live TV. And then there's YouTube for traditional YouTube stuff. But you can watch YouTube TV stuff in YouTube. You can get YouTube music in YouTube. In fact, when you watch music videos in YouTube, the stats are merged with your YouTube music stuff. Why not do that with podcasts? Have YouTube podcasts an app for people like us who just want to have podcasts, but if you want it, you could still add your podcast in YouTube music. You know, like why squish it over there? Why not do what you've already done and and and make it make it easy so that you can do whatever you want. I mean, I'm a YouTube TV user. I'm well, price hikes aside over the years. I'm very, very happy with the service. I have never once used it inside of YouTube, right? And you don't need and YouTube is fine with that. They're like, that's only for somebody who really wants. Well, yeah, because they're like, you know, we'll give you a choice. Do what you want exactly as long as you stay with us somewhere. All right, we need to we need to chase. Chase this heavy topic with some fun. What do we got? Yeah, I'd say top of to you. But if nobody has any hot sauce around, let's go with Mattel. Mattel had quite a year at the box office at least so far. Now, yeah. Now, Mattel is on board. It's it's board game rather. And it is on board to change the game called Pictionary. Pictionary is a new version called Pictionary versus A.I. So A.I. Enhanced Refresh.  I'm trying to draw something. Tom's trying to guess what I'm drawing type thing. That's that's the the basis of the game. That's a lot of fun. The new. Yeah, the new spin is that humans are trying to now see if the A.I. is smart enough instead of other humans to understand what the humans are drawing and the other humans who might be playing the game are also trying to predict if that A.I. will indeed understand the drawing. So a little bit of a departure from from regular old Pictionary. The drawing by each participant sent to a smartphone analyzed by Mattel's proprietary A.I., which then tries to guess what you drew. Whoever else is playing along, tries to guess whether or not the A.I. can, in fact, guess what you drew. Maybe you're really good at drawing. Maybe you're not. But hey, we're talking about A.I. Right. So the the the stakes are a little different. Pictionary versus A.I. releases on October 2nd for $25. And I am in line. That sounds fun to me. Yeah, I I actually really like this idea. First of all, it took me a minute to be like, well, why wouldn't you just draw really bad so the A.I. can't recognize?  It's other people are trying to figure out whether it will or not. Where it's quality gets in. And for those I know who have questions, this is a model created for Mattel. So it is proprietary to Mattel, like Sarah said. But it's using Google's technology. It was trained on actual drawings. And when you scan your drawing, it is not stored at Mattel. So you're you're not you're not training it any further. You're just playing the game using something specifically created to recognize dictionary drawings. And and it doesn't have to be the best because that's kind of the fun of like, what is it good at? And what is it? Oh, totally. I was trying to think of what it what is this remind me of before the show started. I was trying to think of what's that game where you you say something that isn't true. And then everyone tries to guess of like, oh, is it really not true? Baldur Dash, also a fun game, a good party game. This is not that, but there is a little of the person drawing wants the A.I. to get it or intentionally doesn't, you know, for whatever reason and hilarity ensues, hopefully. Yeah. In the video, there is one of broccoli that really looks like a tree and the A.I. I guess tree. And I was like, you know what? I probably would have to if I was the.  I think like them. What are you going to do? Yeah. Well, folks, you may recall from yesterday's show that I mentioned it's free preview week. If you're not a patron, we're letting you get all the fun stuff that the patrons get in your regular feed. So you are getting the full extended show just so you can see what it's like.  Internet, we're going to discuss how long should we expect companies to support software updates on phones? We always want it to be longer, but is it forever? Stick around and find out. Maybe it is. I mean, my answer is forever, but reality. Yeah, we'll talk about it in a minute. Just a reminder, though, you can catch our show. We do the show live Monday through Friday at 4 p.m. Eastern 20 hundred UTC. You can find out more at daily tech news show dot com slash live. And we'll be back doing it again tomorrow with Scott Johnson joining us. Talk to you then. This show is part of the frog pants network. Get more at frog pants dot com. Diamond Club hopes you have enjoyed this program.


Today's video is brought to you by Picmonic. Most students make studying for step one way too stressful and hard. Today we're going to talk about the most common yet costly mistakes that you can avoid to help make your prep so much easier and still pass the test comfortably. Hey friends, welcome back to channel. In case you're new here, my name is Lakshman, internal medicine physician, and here at the AMD journey we make content to help people like you succeed in whatever journey you're on. Today we're going to talk about step one and specifically when mistakes I've seen myself and countless students over the past few years make the entire part so much more stressful and if you start to avoid them, you'll start to see your grade skyrocket and your stress decline. So if that's the goal that you're aiming for, let's get into it. So mistake number one is we often forget the goal of the entire prep. Often I'll have students who'll come to me for help on step one and initially they'll have this really detailed plan for their six, seven, or eight week study prep until they actually take their exam. But after going through their first few weeks of prep, they realize a few things. One, whatever schedule they designed for themselves is a little too overwhelming. They don't have the energy to actually be able to do it for the rest of the prep. And two, they're not actually sure if they're going to see progress with it because after a week or two, really nothing has changed. And that's because most students forget the entire goal, which is you need to make as many mistakes as possible. So for example, if you have a six week prep, your entire goal during that six weeks should be, I'm going to make as many mistakes as possible now. So I don't make it on test day six, seven, or eight weeks from now. Now that may seem very obvious on the service level, but if you take a step back and look at majority of step one schedules, it's actually not designed for that at all. Majority of it is spending maybe eight hours a day and six of it is watching videos and doing Patoma and doing sketchy and going through first aid. And then you do a question block here and there and do some review. You can see how your proportion of time that you're spending on actually making the mistakes versus hoping you don't make them by going through videos is not actually aligned with the entire goal. So a lot of times we'll have students do is to flip their entire schedule. So if they're studying for eight hours or 10 hours a day during a dedicated prep, I'll say 60% of that time at least should be doing questions and reviewing the past mistakes you have. Honestly, if I had to design the most simplest yet effective step one schedule possible, all I would make you do is do questions, review your questions, have a way to collect your mistakes and then have a way to review your mistakes. And we'll talk about a few ways you can do that later on. But if you're going to take anything away from this episode, remember that the main goal for step one is I'm going to make as many mistakes as possible. I'm going to do it now. So I don't do it on test day and that is the entire goal. And if at any point during this episode or during your personal prep, if you want to increase your chances of having a very comfortable pass on step one, if you want to work with us one on one, there'll be a link down below if you're interested. So mistake number two is you often complicate the study cycle. Again, remember the most important thing about step one is that you need to do what? Yeah, you have to make mistakes. And so you have to look at where your current study schedule looks like and does it allow you to make enough mistakes? If you're loading it with resources that you want to do just because you don't want to miss something on the final day, you're probably not setting yourself for success. On the flip side, if you just focus on a study cycle that's designed around making mistakes, you can get rid of tons of extra resources and things that you feel like you have to do really aren't going to help you make those mistakes. And so often I'll have a student who'll come to me with all the Padoma videos, all the sketchy videos, their embosses, their words and beyond and everything else that they want to do at one time. And instead we'll say, okay, cool, you want to make mistakes. What is the one resource that you're going to be using to help you make mistakes? Most people will pick you world. What is the one thing that you want to do to collect questions that you're going to miss on your world? Some people use onkeys, some people use a notebook, some people use an Excel sheet, really doesn't matter. You just need a place to collect it. And I'm saying perfect. If you had to just have your most simplest day, I want you to do your old when you wake up and I want you to collect those mistakes from your old explanations and repeat the process over and over again. And when you compare these two study cycles, somebody who has tons of resources alternating between videos and textbooks and then questions compared to a student who just says, I'm going to do questions. I'm going to review my mistakes. I'm going to repeat the process. Plus or minus, maybe doing a few hours a day of watching videos on topics that they're weak on. That student in the second group is going to feel much more confident that they're making more mistakes. They're collecting them, they're repeating the process compared to somebody who just is going through resource one by one, just because they feel like they have to. So if you're already within your dedicated prep or you're about to start soon, if you can look at your schedule and saying, that does not look so much fun, then ask yourself, can I step away from certain resources and put myself in a more mistake friendly mode, such as doing more questions or flashcards and replace them for resources that aren't really giving you a lot of excitement when you're studying. And the mistake number three is that we often over promise and under deliver when it comes to our step one prep. Now the biggest issue for this is it's really hard to plan a six week schedule when certain topics will just require more time, either because you're not comfortable enough or there's more of it. For example, the neurology section in first aid is huge compared to something like bio stats. And so it's hard to say, is this going to be a half a day kind of topic? Is this going to be a three day kind of topic? And you just are kind of guessing. And so that often will lead to this scenario where you're hoping to get through all the material by three weeks into your dedicated. It may take you four weeks. And so then you're already behind and you start to panic. And so often when I'm working with students when I'm one to create a study schedule, often we will create a lot of buffers. So if their original plan was to finish all the first aid within the first two and a half to three weeks, we'll say perfect, let's go ahead and just plan for four. They tell me I'm gonna wake up at seven every day. I was like, let's just imagine if your study schedule started at seven 45.  They say I'm gonna study till 10. I was like, let's just stop at eight. And so those small things will help you under promise and over deliver. It gives you a sense of momentum. And often those buffers are great times for you to say, I'm actually ahead of my study schedule. Let me use this extra day to spend on a week topic and make more mistakes, do more questions, et cetera. And as a bonus tip, often I'll have students transition their focus from amount of tasks to amount of time. So an example may be a student who says I'm gonna do flash cars or I'm gonna watch a certain amount of videos. Typically they may say I'm gonna watch three videos but I'm gonna give myself an hour and a half. But what if they take two hours to watch because you just haven't maintained it? So instead for those students, I encourage them to say, well, instead of watching three videos, why not just set an hour and a half to watch videos? And if you get through three videos, perfect. If you get through four, beautiful. If you get through two, that's fine. You got three or hour and a half. Same thing with things like flash cards. You may say, I'm gonna try to do 100 flash cards, but on certain days it may take you an hour. On certain days it may take you 30 minutes. And so why not just say, I'm gonna do 45 minutes of flash cards and then that's it. Some days you may have more, some more or less, but at least the focus and amount of time and then when that time is done, you move on to the next thing. Now, before we get into the rest of the mistakes that you need to know about, let's talk about today's sponsor, which is Pickmonic. Pickmonic is one of my favorite resources to recommend to students that are on their medical journey because you typically want all in one resource that can help you learn something and help you review it as well as retain it. And when it comes to things like step one, Pickmonic is a great resource that combines all of those three. So you can come into their hundreds and hundreds of videos, go into their browse function and essentially say, cool, I'm gonna study for step one. Do I actually wanna go through first aid and find this particular videos that they have for each individual page? Or my preferred option is that you can go through their step one library and saying, okay, today I'm actually gonna learn about hematology, but let's be honest, sometimes I can't remember those. And either you can go through the individual videos based on how you're learning. So maybe the physiology of anatomy is gonna be confusing. And you can watch their high yield videos on things like the coagulation cascades and then do the respective quizzes or something that you can do if you're really struggling or want more practice and wanna make more mistakes. As you can say, actually, I'm gonna go ahead and just go and do learn and go into hematology and just do quizzes. So now it's just gonna ask me all of the hematology quizzes and questions that Pickmonic already has within their disposal. This is a great way of, again, making more mistakes. You can still go through their high yield videos that combine these very interesting stories, interesting images and then have reviews and quizzes through them. My favorite part about this resource is that it's just quick. So a minute 46 to watch this quick video on the coagulation cascade and to help you understand a very complicated but highly tested thing that comes on step one, as well as tools such as videos from other high yield resources and texts in case you're a visual learner. So if you're looking for an all-in-one resource that you can combine with your classes as well as your step one, PrepPickmonic is a great resource to look into. If you guys are interested, I'll put a link down below. Our friends at Pickmonic have been nice enough to include an extra 20% discount if you use the code MDJourney at checkout. So as always, thank you for Pickmonic for being today's sponsor. And mistake number four is that there's a lack of flow throughout your day. And now I know from personal experience that it is very hard to have a relatively short step one prep. A majority of students will study anywhere from eight to 12 hours. And that's pretty normal because if you're gonna do multiple question blocks a day, each of them taking an hour, plus a time to review, plus more videos, plus more questions, it starts to add up. And so with that kind of schedule, it's very easy to procrastinate, to fall behind, to lose motivation. And so for those students, the most important thing you can do for yourself is have the most important task at the start of your day. Instead of starting your day by watching videos on a resource that are high yield, like sketchy or Patoma, which are absolutely great, I do recommend starting your day by making this mistake. So either wake up and do those Anki cards from a PMAY deck or do like your review from the questions that you've missed or just go ahead and jump into a block of questions either for the content that you're reviewing that day. So if it's a renal day, do random renal questions or if it's gonna be a random day, then that's so be it. But jumping into questions, even if the rest of the day doesn't go as planned, you at least have had some sense of progress because you made more mistakes today that ideally you missed on testing. Mistake number five is that there's a fear of low marks. Often I'll have students who'll come to me because it's been a week or two into their prep and they're essentially looking at their year old averages and they're like, crap, this doesn't look good. I'm getting like 20s and 30s and 40s and ever so often I'll get a 60th and I'm not getting a good enough percentage. That is a mindset shift versus a knowledge base. Remember, you're trying to make the mistakes and do the learning during the six weeks.  There's very few students who actually do well in terms of their percentages on step one on their year old questions initially. It really does require a lot of repetition. So remember, the goal of the game is to make the mistake. So if you do 10 questions and you miss eight of them, instead of saying I am stupid, actually say perfect. I have found eight questions that I have missed now so I won't ideally miss it on test day. And that is a mindset shift that I do have to force all of the students that I work with. But as soon as they start noticing that, they do get excited. When they do make mistakes now, they're like, perfect. Now at least I know what I'm not able to grasp despite going through all these videos and high yield resources, made the mistake, put it into my on key card, put it into my notebook, put it in my Excel sheet. I wanna make sure I don't make that mistake on test day. Let's repeat the process. So remember, your year old percentages from block to block really don't matter. If you make a low grade, perfect. There's more mistakes that you can learn from. If you do a high grade, awesome. You just got presented with questions that you knew very well. And that is a reassurance that you're doing a good job. The main thing if you score a 70 or 80% is to focus on this 20% that you missed, then ideally get closer and closer to the score you ultimately want. And mistake number three is having a formal overload. Now this was a much bigger problem when step one was graded and I feel like I'm one of those old man that was like, back in my day. But now that step one is to pass fail, you would think that it wouldn't be as big of a problem but students still tend to go to student doctor forum, to Reddit, to Quora, to YouTube and want to badger about all these small changes that you can make to increase your score. Right now you just have to get above 196, 197 on step one and do well enough comfortably to pass your exam on test day. So all these plans and study schedules of using various resources and going through flashcards in a very unique way, they're pretty much overblown. They probably will work for a majority of students but again, if you create a plan for yourself that just says I'm gonna make mistakes in this schedule order, I'm gonna review my mistakes, doesn't really matter what other students are doing. And so for that reason, I do recommend trying not to be into the deep parts of the interweb when it comes to the medical community because everyone is going to post their fancy study schedule that says this is how I got at 250 when step one is graded or 263, follow it and you'll do the same. There is a level of luck, intelligence and proper preparation that is required to get an excellent score on step one. So the best thing you can do for yourself on step one to comfortably pass the exam is to look at your study schedule and saying, yes, everything in here feels like I agree to it versus doing it because somebody else also got good results from it. And so it's important to remember to have that tunnel vision when it comes to your step one prep. As soon as you have your resources, your study schedule, design, when you're gonna be taking what practice exam, try not to make too many changes because remember the goal is to comfortably pass the exams. The small changes here and there are not gonna be the reason that you're gonna get a pass versus a fail. Again, go back to the first principle that we talked about, which is make the mistakes as many times as possible, collect the mistakes and review it and repeat. If you can do that, I promise you that you will start to see progress in your scores. And as always, if you do have more issues or if you want extra help, you click down the link down below and you wanna work with us one-on-one to help you on your step one prep and your step one schedule. Happy to do so, that'll be linked down below. And if you're on a medical journey and you still have some time before you take step one, you wanna make sure you do well on step one, but also all the other phases of being a medical student, make sure you check out our free resources, the medical school success handbook, essentially all the principles and lessons that I've learned that other students have taught me that I'm constantly adding to. It's a free document that I constantly am updating, but hopefully it can serve as a constant reference guide that you can use to do things like, how do I study better? How do I manage my time? How do I manage my stress? And all of the other important lessons that I've learned on my medical journey, I'd like to make sure that you know too. So with that, my friends, hopefully you guys enjoyed today's episode about the most common mistakes on step one. Let me know what you guys think in the comment section down below. Remember, if you're interested in some of our free resources like the medical success handbook, that'll be linked down below. Or if you want specific help for things like step one, you can check out our programs including the step one academy program, as well as working with us one-on-one to help you design a study schedule that's perfect for you. Both of those will be linked down below. But as always, my friends, hopefully you guys enjoyed today's episode. If you are watching on YouTube, go ahead and hit that like button and subscribe and notification bell to be notified when new videos like this go out. Make sure you drop your comments down below. Happy to answer them. And if you're listening to this as a podcast, make sure you hit that follow or subscribe in your favorite listening platform as well as leaving an honest review on iTunes. And if you enjoyed today's episode, you're probably going to like this one right here on how to study for step one, not as pass-fail, step-by-step, as well as this one right here on how to use Anki and to study like a pro. Hopefully you guys enjoyed those. And as always, my friends, thanks for being a part of my journey. Hopefully that was a little help to you guys on yours. I'll see you guys on the next one. Peace.


Hey guys, welcome back to my YouTube channel. This is Daniel Rossell here. I want to do a video today on how you can turn off the audio capture on the Femme B-Pam 2 pocket gimbal. Now when it comes to audio capture on this thing, firstly, and I apologize in advance for my shaky hands, I've just had way too much coffee before making this video, you can use an external microphone with this, which is why there is an eighth jack on the back of the pocket gimbal, and that's actually really useful. Now my criticism is that unfortunately you can't, it doesn't have like level meters, so when it comes to adjusting the level of sound, you have three options, you have high, you have low, and you have off. So I made the point on a review video I posted about this before that it's not really great because in my experience, the microphone capture is very, very inconsistent. As I record this on my Canon Vixia camcorder, I have a level meter, and I can adjust it all the way from 0 to 100 so I can dial in any external microphone exactly as I want it to be. I don't have that luxury on the Femme, it's just kind of, well, if high is too high, then try turning it down to low. Anyway, what I want to show on this video is how to get it to mute. Now you might be wondering, why would you not want to capture audio? So sometimes I shoot stock video using this, and you can see I'm currently in the 4K 24fps setting, which is what I use when I'm shooting stock. And when I'm shooting stock, I generally don't want audio. So to save myself a bit of time in going into post-production and leading the audio and exporting, there's probably a smarter way to do it, that's how I do it currently. It's easier if I'm going on a stock shoot just to turn off audio capture. Now something I find slightly confusing about the way the menus are laid out in the Femme Pam 2, there's like actually three menus now. As I said, I've drunk too much coffee and I can see my thumb shaking and it's very off-putting, but just bear with me here. Menu 1 is clicking on the settings icon on the bottom right, and this is how you can adjust the aperture, ISO, and white balance manually. So that's like your first menu. Your second menu is by pulling down and then going left and right. You can actually use the joystick as well, if I'm not mistaken. Yep. And that's kind of got the most settings in it, but where the mute microphone setting is buried is you need to actually click top left, okay, by the camera single, by the camera symbol, and that's the same menu where you can toggle the shooting resolution. Then there is HDR, then you've got picture quality, which can be fine, I think just fine or super fine. Then you've got your color, hold on, I'm skipping on, which can be natural or F-log, and then you've got mic, and the last one just to do this completely is de-noise. I have found the de-noise very bad when I turned it on that it sound actually sounds worse. So in mic, you have three settings, you've mute, you've low, and you've high. That's it. Now in order to not capture sound, you have to want to go for mute. And then just to select, you want to click on the record icon, and now when I'm shooting video clips on this, it's not going to be capturing any sound. So that is how you can turn off the microphone capture using the Femi Pam 2 Pocket Gimbal. I hope this video was useful. If you'd like to get more videos from me, please subscribe to this YouTube channel.


Okay, welcome back to VMworld 2013, our special CUBE presentation live at AT&T Park, OMA, the San Francisco Giants. We're on the outfield grass, and just outside the infield of AT&T Park, I'm John Furrier, the founder of Silicon A, with Dave Vellante, co-founder of wikibond.org, and we have the vice president of Global Alliances, Maria Olson, welcome to the CUBE, first time on theCUBE. First time on theCUBE, thank you very much. Share with the folks what you do at NetApp, and we have a bunch of questions for you, we'd like to hear what you up to. Absolutely, so Maria Olson, vice president of Global Alliances at NetApp, managed all the technology alliances, including VMware, very excited to be here tonight with both of you. VMware, big commitment out there, Pat Gelsinger, Carl Etchenbach, Ragu, all we're in the NetApp jerseys, of which was made famous by, last year, is Pat Gelsinger, NetApp jerseys, first year in the job at VMware. Great relationship with VMware, share with the folks out there how deep the VMware relationship is, a lot of people know it's good, but they don't really know how deep it is. Absolutely, so this at VMworld, this is our over 10th year that we've been here. We've had a partnership that extends even longer, which has been fantastic, and we've had over 30 VMware executives that have spent a majority of their time here, including all their top level executives, talking about the partnership. My most favorite part of the evening was actually Pat Gelsinger basically saying that NetApp was the number one partner. So it's an extremely great partnership, we're doing great things together, we're working hard for it to find absolutely awesome. So managing the technology alliances must be fun these days, because there's a lot of stuff going on under the hood with cloud and enterprise, IT, and it's changing the business landscape, and that's causing a lot of growth, and this growing pains, there's some relationship maturity, some new relationships. So what's your current state of the landscape or the ecosystem from a NetApp perspective? Software-defined data center kind of really goes to NetApp's wheelhouse, technical company, their software-based, the interstate distributed computing, all that's playing out. So what's your view on the current state of the ecosystem? We're seeing the most major disruptions in the IT industry today, across cloud and mobility, big data, converged infrastructure, and NetApp is in a perfect position right now, because all of these partners are actually coming to NetApp to work a lot more strategically than we've ever done before, and that is actually a huge opportunity for NetApp. So we have very strategic relationships across a broad variety of ecosystems, and partners are really coming to us today, which is fantastic. Why? Why are they coming to you? They're coming to us because we actually have huge differentiation in what we build, and it's actually how we actually partner with our ecosystem today. We have, which I think is NetApp's number one biggest secret is we have an organization that not only builds our storage, but actually specializes in terms of thousands of people that work from product management, engineering, technical enablement standpoint to create the best solutions on NetApp storage to integrate into these partner offerings.  I've made that point several times tonight. And so you've got the resources to do it, and you've got enough channel mojo to build momentum with your partners. We had Dave Hitson, Maria at Oracle Open World a couple of years ago, several years ago now, I think it was three years ago, and he made the statement, John, you might remember this, Dave Hitson saying, listen, if this were the Oscars, we wouldn't be up for the vote of best actor. We would be best supporting actor. We're like the plumbing, and nobody thinks about the plumbing until it breaks, and that kind of theme. But so, my point is- They like the analogy, but I understood what you're saying. My point is, partnerships are critical for NetApp. As the best supporting actor, you've got to have a leading lady or a leading man in that role. So you got to go out to the Oracles, the Microsofts, the VMware's of the world, and develop those relationships to really drive value, because you got IT infrastructure, it touches the business through the application. So talk about application centricity as an important vector for NetApp. Absolutely, so inside our NetApp storage products, I mean the number one thing that actually sells NetApp storage products are the application workloads that go out there. So the work that we do with SAP, the work that we do with Oracle, the work we do with Microsoft, the work with VMware is actually how we go to market. Partnering is so core, not only from a channel perspective inside a NetApp, but also from a technology alliance standpoint. It's actually how we actually go to market because it drives so much of the storage decisions going out there in the future. So talk about some of the Alliance, the day-to-day operations.  I mean, you make or breaks the company, the alliances. What goes on in your day-to-day job?  Is that some of the things that you do? I mean, what goes on behind the curtain? Absolutely, behind the curtain is really important. So really what we're trying to drive is big global sales initiatives that we can actually go to market and bring value to the customer at the end of the day. Because at the end of the day, we really need to satisfy the customer. So what is it that we do in terms of working with an SAP or with a VMware to actually have a differentiate inside of that customer? So we work on big go-to-markets, pushing out big sales initiatives. It could be events like this here at VMworld, one of our biggest customer events. I call this the Super Bowl of All Events, even though I'm sitting here at AT&T Park, which is baseball, but really from a customer standpoint, big event for us. And working on events overall from a sales initiative standpoint, from customer-facing events is a big focus of our job. Yeah, it's a go-to-market. Any go-to, R&D, any development partnerships, or just all go-to-market? Absolutely, we have an organization that we work hand-in-hand inside a NetApp that has over a thousand people dedicated to product management engineering that the sole job is to make sure that we have the best integrations from a NetApp storage standpoint into a VMware and SAP and Oracle, Microsoft. So let's dig into that a little bit. What does that mean? That means what? The fastest, the most available, the easiest to use, all of the above? Give us some color on that. Absolutely, I think the biggest color is with our cluster data-on-tap solution that we have integrations into a VMware and SAP. And I think the best way to portray that story is through a customer, right? I mean with Revlon, specifically a customer, that's not only with VMware, it's with SAP, it's with Oracle. We were able to reduce 72% of the storage efficiencies down there in their data centers. We're able to achieve a six-nines environment, which basically, they only have 13 seconds of downtime a year. I mean, it's those type of ground-making moves that we have those thousands of people inside of products and engineering that are working on building those solutions. Okay, Maria, we're getting the hook here. We're live at AT&T Park, special cube presentation, Silicon Angle is a cube. And I'm really glad you get the final word in on the segment, which is, share with the folks what you're most excited about right now. I mean, not like right now, because we're in AT&T Park, but you know, like in the business. So, you know, what's really getting you jazzed up? Is it technology? Is it the people? Is it the disruption? Is the innovation all of the above? I think it's a combination of all of that. I mean, I've been in high tech for quite some time and I've never seen a bigger disruption in the IT industry than it is today in terms of how the consumption models are changing, which really leads to opportunities. It leads to reinvention. It really leads to, you know, how do you capitalize on what you have and who do you need to partner with over the next two to three years to make sure you can maintain that advantage? Well, one of the things I love about theCUBE, besides being at the outfield of AT&T Park, where we have the Coke bottle lit up behind us, is meeting you here. We're going to be following you. Alliance is a very big part, big part of our story lines at theCUBE at VMworld 13. The ecosystem is the key to success. Rising tide floats all boats. Good partnerships, very key. Maria, we'll be following you from this point forward. We'll be watching you. This is SiliconANGLE theCUBE. We'll be right back with John and Dave wrapping up here as we get the, getting the boot off the field. At some point they will have to kick us out. And we'll stay as long as we can. We'll be right back into this short break.


afternoon Dr. Anant and so before I start I'm myself Harish Kashyap I'm a speaker here at the ODSC and Dr. Anant also was the keynote speaker today in the morning and I know to I'll allow Anant to speak for himself but before how I know Anant is my master's thesis was based on his paper and it was a single paper single author paper by Dr. Anant from Nuance communication that's kind 2005 and very fundamental paper that revolutionized I would say the art of system combination in speech recognition which was a way to improve the accuracy of speech and my advisor in BBN then Spiros came up to me and said you should read this paper and start implementing it and I worked on that that became a part of basis for my future work and confusion matrix combination and so he's a very renowned figure in speech and we're very lucky to have him here and I know I would love to have him see a few words about himself his journey what made him pick up speech recognition as his forte and how his transition to AI overall has happened thanks Harish you're very kind I think that was a piece of work that I was kind of proud about but I wouldn't treat think about it and has grand terms as you described but yeah so my journey I did my BTEC at IIT Kanpur and in in I graduated in 86 and I remember in 1985 we had the opportunity to do summer jobs and I did my I got to do my summer job at TIFR in Bombay I taught at Institute of Fundamental Research and I worked with Professor Kuldeep Paliwal and over there he was a speech recognition researcher and you know thinking about him is bringing goosebumps to me right now because he was to me a mentor and somebody who really changed made made me very interested in in this area of research as well as speech research now Dr. Paliwal was an Indian researcher at the time worked in TIFR but was a world-renowned researcher so it made me feel that it doesn't matter where you're from you don't need to be in America or England or the places where all this research is going on but here in TIFR we have this guy doing fantastic work so he really inspired me I then went and did my PhD in the US at Rutgers I got lucky in that Rutgers University was very close to Bell Labs and I worked with a person in Bell Labs who came to give a talk at Rutgers I was interested in what he was doing he liked what I did for my PhD thesis and I got to work at Bell Labs right after my PhD so being at the right place at the right time kind of thing I got an opportunity to work at Bell Labs and that's how I really started working in speech very interesting and today beautifully you showed the how the speech transition of speech over time as to how the word error rates have reduced with deep learning changing the game and and in fact I was during the time I graduated during the time where the increments were or rather the improvements were incremental and now we're at a stage where we've had very good word error rates and do you see the future of speech to be reducing that in terms of the curve the reduction of the word error rates you know there are many challenges like CDE or any of the speech recognition systems are facing trouble from what we see right so I think in terms of word error rates we have achieved fairly low word error rates in some of the tasks that in the past we didn't have such lower rates like the conversation speech recognition task we talked about so one can argue that in some of these tasks we're already at word error rates where we can start thinking of interesting applications but I think making them more real time making them more streaming and also coming up with speech recognition for human to human speech communication I think is something which I think is the next area. A lot of the speech recognition systems today have to deal with humans talking to a machine but if you want to do stuff where people are talking to each other and many of the research problems that people worked in the past was on this sort of data but I think we don't have many applications on this sort of data I mean voice search you know voice calling navigation it's all human talking to a machine but what about humans talking to humans like recognizing meetings recognizing you know conversations and various things like that I think there is lots of new dimensions there and the problem also can become much more difficult from an acoustic and language standpoint. That's really nice to hear and do you think it might do you see wins in AI helping speech in terms of what I mean by AI is of course speech algorithms are mostly machine learning methods like Gaussian mixture models and you know acoustic models hidden Markov models but many of the times the context is the context being taken into account when recognizing speech the way humans do like when we recognize we look at the context the background where we are at and we consolidate information that's beyond just the spoken text or training methods do you think any effort in that direction do you think do you see speech going in that direction? Yeah I think it certainly do and I think to an extent some of it has already gone in that sort of a direction so for example the Microsoft research I talked about this morning where they brought the word array down to human accuracy their language model that they used is actually a language model that takes into account not just the current sentence but the entire dialogue so what happened in the conversation what did the pre what what was the context of the conversation itself that enables us to predict what the current word would be not just based upon the previous words in the sentence so for example that I think is a is something we're already using long context to determine what the output should be and in the last question is in your own journey from speech to larger non-speech problems have you a where you involved in a lot of the non-speech problems I think you were and B is what would your advice be for people who have such transitions happening in their career? Right so I have largely worked in speech recognition but I did make forays into other areas and right now at LinkedIn we're interested in speech but I'm not we're not directly working into this deeply as we did at other companies so I think I think in terms of machine learning as an applied area speech being an application of machine learning image pro image recognition being an application fraud detection being an application so when you think in terms of the mathematical underpinnings of these models then if you abstract away the application from the underlying technology like LSTMs RNNs DNNs whatever it is then you can see how you can move from one to the other of course there's a lot of domain knowledge that is required in each domain but you pick that up if you're surely I would just say you know be confident about doing that and continue to learn and be willing to jump into new areas and just try things perfect thank you so much and it's an honor to meet you I wanted to have you here and thanks thank you so much and thank thanks for inviting me to this conference narration


Hello and welcome to the session. My name is Mansi and I am going to help you with the following question. The question says a random survey of the number of children of various age groups playing in a park was found as follows. In the first column we have age in years. In the second column we have number of children. Now we have to draw a histogram to represent the data above. Let us see the solution to this one. First of all what we notice here is that these intervals are not of equal length. For example here the length is 1. Here the class size is 1. Here the class size is 2. It's 2, 3, 5 and 2. So we see that class size is not same in all the cases. So let us see what we are supposed to do in such kind of questions. We make a table like this. Then we write down the age in years. Like we had 1 to 2, 2 to 3, 3 to 5, 5 to 7, 7 to 10, 10 to 15, 15 to 17. Now let us write down the frequency that was given to us. That is for the age group 1 to 2 it was 5, 3, 6, 12, 9, 10, 4. Now let us write down the width. This we get by subtracting the lower limit from the upper limit. So 2 minus 1 is 1. So the width would be 1. 3 minus 2 is 1. So width would be 1. 5 minus 3 is 2. So width would be 2. Similarly for others. Now we find out the length of rectangle. So what we do now is we select a class interval with a minimum class size. For example in this case it would be 1. We see that the minimum class size here is 1. Now the lengths of the rectangle are modified to be proportionate to the class size 1. Now we see that when width of the class size is 1 then the length of rectangle is 5. So when width will be 1 in this case it will remain the same. But when we see let us take 5. So when width of the class size is 5 then length of rectangle is 10. But when width of class size will be 1 then the length of rectangle will be 10 divided by 5 into 1 that is equal to 2. Now similarly we do it for other classes also. So for the first class we have 5 by 1 into 1 it remains 5. Similarly this remains 3. Now this becomes 6 by 2 into 1 that is equal to 3. This becomes 12 by 2 into 1 that is equal to 6. This is 9 by 3 into 1 that is equal to 3 and this one is 4 by 2 into 1 equal to 2. So this would be the new frequency with which we draw this graph. Here on the x-axis we have taken the age in years. On the y-axis we have taken the length of the rectangle. So now with this data let us draw a histogram now. So this is the required histogram. Here we see that when age in years is 1 to 2 then length of rectangle is 5. When it is 2 to 3 the length of rectangle is 3 and similarly for others. So I hope that you understood the question and enjoyed the session. Have a good day.