Good evening everybody and thanks for joining us for the your own book show Our podcast about objectivist living today, so What I did Because there was you know, there's so many topics we could talk about there's so many things that we can discuss is what I did today is Is I made a list up and put it up on Facebook of topics that I was ready to discuss and let you guys vote and I'll give you the list of topics if you guys are interested because we'll cover these topics in future shows I was gonna talk about the new immigration law There was just a proof that the Trump got behind today that that is gonna go in front of Congress I was gonna rational altruism whatever the hell that means you're gonna talk about different forms of altruism and Can they be such a thing as rational altruism cultural change? What's it gonna take? What's it gonna take to change the culture? Photography as art is photography art. I know and said it wasn't This is the fact that we can't today do all the things we can do today with technology Change that at all right change that at all Feminism agenda that's a big issue out there. It's a big issue being discussed And I was worried that that was gonna be the one that was would get chosen because I'm not sure I'm not sure I have that much to say about that the role of emotions in life On the revolution should we go and I'm the evolution is it time To get those guns out of your basement out of your closet out of your garage out of your under your bed or wherever you keep your m16 and You know take on the government is on the revolution Are we ready for on revolution and his things so bad that that is what is required now? All right, that was one of the topics I proposed Right and Let's see Then what else classical liberalism versus objectivism? What's the difference? What is classical liberalism? How does relate to objectivism? Vulgarity, this is my my my topic relating to scaramucci. When is vulgarity appropriate? When is it okay to say the f-word? Is it ever okay? When is it okay to say it in public? You know, what's up with vulgarity? Why do we live in such a vulgar time where everybody's talking where everybody feels free to express themselves? using Using vulgarity is that a good thing? Is that a bad thing? I mean we're less impressed. Maybe it's a good thing Who knows so we were gonna talk about that and What was the final topic? Yeah free speech free speech so a free speech In the context of technology and I think for me that the idea I was gonna talk about was what's going on on YouTube on patreon on potentially Facebook and and Twitter you know the whole The whole idea of these tech companies silencing certain individuals of certain people and what should be the criteria, you know, they the private property they could do Whatever they want. It's not an issue of rights but What's appropriate when when is when is When is it appropriate for public company to sense the speech and what should be the criteria? I mean you could say legitimately whatever they want because that's true But what makes sense? Well, we'll be and why is it that it seems that on places like Twitter Patreon or any of these others It seems like the people on the So-called right Generally called them on the right Other ones that always banned so that was another topic. All right, and people voted I Asked everybody choose the top three and it was close kind of in the middle the top one was was easy so the Number one Topic that people voted to talk about was classical liberalism, which I thought was fascinating I had no idea people interested in that. I had no idea that was there was concern to anybody But people wanted me to talk about classical liberalism versus Objectivism so we will talk about that and I assume people know what what they were voting for so and what the Why they were voting for it the second topic they want to talk about was Was emotions the world of emotions in human life and we'll talk about that and the last one surprised me But it was about photography is photography art. What do I think so? Great, I mean all three good topics they were on my list One two three so classical liberalism first emotion second photography third. I'm gonna take classical liberal first We'll do a couple of segments on that and we'll take a break and then we'll do we'll do some of these others some of these others and immigration and some of these other ones I'm gonna leave for My show on the blaze on Sundays that you can listen to Sundays. It's at 11 a.m. Pacific time Every Sunday, so I will definitely cover the immigration and some of these other topics on that show I'm sure we'll also get back to these topics some of these topics when next week when I do the show again the The objectivist living the next objectivist living show will be a week from today So next Wednesday As I've told you in the past objectivist living is gonna kind of move around a little bit. Okay, so what is classical liberalism? What's what's what is it and and what's its relationship with? Objectivism and I take it as that's you know part of the questions being asked What's the relationship with objectivism is objectivism? Part of the You know, is it is a part of the classical liberal movement is a part of classical liberalism and that's that I think that's a good question to ask All right, so let's start with what classical liberalism is classical liberalism is really a term that came about as a as a response To the fact that the left Stole highway robbery in the middle of the day Stole the word liberalism So let's go back a little bit and talk about what liberalism meant in in the past let's say in the 19th century and And then talk about classical liberalism which is Just the old kind of liberalism as compared to modern liberalism, which is Associated with the left associated typically with the left I mean, I don't like to use the term liberal to describe my enemies on the left Because it's too good a term for them Liberal comes from the word liberty It is those who advocate for liberty for individual freedom It's always been a political ideology that advocated for the rule of law for economic freedom and To some extent or another or to some one definition or another individual rights so the basic principle of liberalism pre early 20th century in the United States was The idea of freedom You would I think I think one would argue that the funny fathers were liberals in that sense They were part of a liberal tradition that goes back at least a lock some some philosophers from from Holland and and Others that kind of set the fire set the foundation, you know, maybe you could anchor it with Spinoza But ultimately it's John Locke people like say Mill Ricardo include Adam Smith. It's a general respect for free markets. It's a general respect for capitalism It's a general respect for what they called natural law Many of them were utilitarians And all of them believed strongly in progress in progress and success and growth so This whole idea of progress has been good as as man as a positive influence in the world a Benevolent approach a generally a benevolent approach to life Which which led to this view that free markets Resulted in positive outcomes. So liberals before in the United States to this day Or at least until the last few decades liberal in Europe meant this this old form this old idea of liberalism advocates To one degree another right not objectivist, but to one degree another for freedom for Individualism to some extent right again founded on some form of you Utilitarianism if it's if it's mill or in some form of natural law if it's lock and in the tradition comes out of lock so these were really The liberals of their 18th and 19th century were really the thinkers As a play that really led to the whole idea of a political and economic freedom and who tried Not very successfully and we'll get to that to defend economic Liberty economic freedom and political fear You know that they they they believed in it but as well You know as I think it's obvious because they were utilitarians and Advocates of natural law natural law meaning that we get our rights of God that God somehow implants that impregnates us With with with some intrinsic form of rights So many of them by the way, and this is this is again probably why they failed To preserve Economic and political freedom. Many of them were economists and not philosophers So certainly in the 19th century and certainly in the 20th century the leading classical liberals the liberals And again, it's classical liberal because it's liberal in the meaning of the word from Classical times supposedly but not really classical times from the 18th and 19th century not in the modern American interpretation of the 20th century which means The left right which means Socialist light, I guess Or some form of collectivism and statism Somehow and I don't know the history well enough To explain how they did it although it would be an interesting question So maybe I'll do some research and get back to you on it somehow the left stole the concept of liberal and it the contrast became The left which was socialist and even even communist they were for progress see communism socialism and communism In the form that they took 50 60 years ago Actually had this benevolent positive vision in the distance future for what life looked like, right? Now It broke down immediately and it's ultimately it's nihilism because the outcome has to be destruction and death and and murder and so on but They had this vision and they wanted to industrialize and they wanted to progress and they wanted everybody to be rich Everybody to reach equally rich everybody had to be equal but but but the idea was to be rich. It wasn't like today's a left Which is nihilistic fundamentally nihilistic once the destroy once a knockdown is not interested in progress I mean the fact that they call themselves progressives and liberals is is the most disgusting thing in the world because they're not liberals Because they don't care about liberty and they're certainly not progressives because they don't want progress. They want going backwards They're they're all environmentalists. They want us to go backwards. They're anti industry. They're anti technological achievement and technological progress so these leftists Took over the term liberal Partially because they were at the during that period of time those advocating for industrialization and technological progress and and and and and a bright future in in, you know, you know Bizarre the test from reality way, but that's what they held, right? and Of course over time in America that got that got cemented and today liberal means leftist although again I try not to use that. I try to call them leftists or Or Regressives I love I love the term regressives as to counter progressives. I love the term regressives. They are regressives Because they want to go backwards. They want to destroy. They want to knock down. They're not progressives Also, so they were aggressive left or regressives generally took over the term liberal and We needed a term to describe those thinkers From the 19th and 18th century that believed in progress that believed to some extent or another in Individualism that believed to some extent or another in freedom and capitalism and The the name that was given to them from Locke to Adam Smith to mill to Bastiat to say Jean-Baptiste say to Ultimately to the Austrian economist was classical liberal and indeed the modern classical liberal movement Was really founded if you will through an organization called through the founding of an organization called Mont Pelerin the Mont Pelerin Society and The Mont Pelerin Society was founded in 1947 and so exactly 70 years ago by Free market advocates or at least, you know, relatively speaking free market advocates FAA Hayek Milton Friedman and Ludwig von Mises among I think that the dozen original founders. It was really FAA Hayek's original real idea and The Mont Pelerin Society was founded as a society to resurrect ideas of liberalism in its classical sense in its traditional sense so classical liberalism and to help promote those ideas and Over the years it has become the dominant classical liberal academic professional organization in which people participate present papers. It's not so much an advocacy Program as it much as it is a Society in which people come to exchange ideas Underneath this big umbrella called classical liberalism All right And and today many many not all but many libertarians I think the better libertarians the more intellectual libertarians would consider themselves classical liberal I think that that some conservatives Consider themselves Classical liberals and think about it also this way the classical liberals were trying to differentiate themselves from conservatives You know again liberalism in its initial meaning was anti-conservative because they were for progress for change for liberalization for liberty and not for conserving institutions in the name of conserving institutions not for The idea that institutions were good because they've existed a long time or or or or that certain social structures were good because they existed a long time They rejected conservatism. I always tell my conservative friends That the founding fathers were not conservative the founding fathers were radicals. They were liberal radicals. They were enlightenment radicals They were not conservative so In the 20th century when the left took over the term liberal There was a group of people who did not feel at home with the conservative banner and therefore needed to create a different banner for themselves and and the idea of classical liberalism predates the libertarian Movement and if you think about libertarianism as a movement It was really founded originally the term was used originally to be a home Not for people who generally believed in freedom and in individualism and capitalism But really to be a home for the people who believed in anarchy to believed in in and what they now call The contradiction of anarcho-capitalism you can't have anarchy and capitalism but anyway the people who believed in anarchism I mean it was it was libertarianism as a movement was really founded by Charles Murray's name pops into my subconscious, which of course, it's not Charles Murray It's Murray Rothbard. So I got Murray and the next thing came is Charles instead of Getting old getting old that that's what happens when you get old so Murray Rothbard was Was really the the guy who founded the libertarian movement Libertarianism and it really was the focal point of Not Classical liberals. I'm not sure I don't think that that of amesis or Hayek or Milton Friedman Particularly in in those early days would have felt comfortable in in the spanner of under this big tent of libertarianism That was dominated in those early days by the anarchists So they needed a term by which to differentiate themselves from the anarchist So though I'll tell you now that there are some anarchists. I would say The sane or anarchist and you can ask me at some point what differentiates sane or anarchists from Non-sane anarchists in sane anarchists, but the sane or anarchist the more credible anarchists. I think some of them now view themselves as belonging the classical liberal tent and and But but Hayek me's is Friedman were not anarchists and I I don't think felt at home in Suddenly in the 60s and 70s in in the kind of the libertarian tent I Don't think I don't think Hazlet would have viewed himself as a libertarian, but I do think all of them would have viewed themselves as Classical liberals that was the term that was comfortable and that's still a big tent But it's a big tent that for the most part again It's changing right now for the most part is more academic more philosophical more grounded in in economics, but but in in serious economists and that for the most part views a role for government and Sees its traditions going back not so much to my robot, but much more to Hayek much more to To Mises and and even further back and this is where it gets the big tent to Adam Smith To say to other thinkers so that you get a lot of people for example a little bit in the classical liberal movement today who are clearly You know also overlapping with with conservatism so the so the Conservatives who would identify themselves as more free market types Would be part of the classical liberal movement as it is today, but again these terms are very Loose and partially they're loose because they're not grounded on a on a on a systematic basic principal Philosophical framework indeed they have lots of they and they accept lots of philosophies. It is a big tent All right, we're gonna take a short break and And we'll be right back and we'll continue our conversation about classical liberalism and objectivism Did you know there's an easy automatic way to support the Einran Institute all year long For any purchase made at Amazon.com the Amazon smile program sends a small percentage to AI Doesn't matter what you buy if you shop at Amazon the money you spend can help spread Einran's ideas Are you a student required to read bad philosophers by the books on Amazon and support AI? First days anniversaries and Christmas all these purchases add up And if not just you imagine the results of every Einran fan in the country use Amazon smile support AI Are you smiling? Sure you are sign up is free and easy Just go to smile dot Amazon comm and make sure you select AI as your smile recipient All right That was a quick break and we'll go right back at it So as I said classical liberalism is the name for liberals in the traditional sense in the sense of the 1819 century and Again big tent many philosophical foundations But for the most part I think people who identify as classical liberals Tend to be intellectual tend to be interested in ideas tend to be interested in discussion pro free speech pro Just one extent or another free markets But generally on that in that direction pro individual liberty some of them will recognize the concept of individual rights others might be more from a utilitarian framework from Bentham mill framework and and Don't see a role for individual rights as as a concept But but are still claimed to be or support the ideas of Liberty. These are the kind of people that Einran really Associated herself with in the 30s and I think 40s, you know somewhat into the 50s It really is that the the original idea of fee of a foundation for economic education That That Einran was affiliated with in a very early days before she viewed them as way too compromising and in a sense selling out it is the It is the again the has lit that the the Mises and and the others free-market advocates and primarily economist and and I think that in and of itself is Their great weakness. There is no Philosophical foundation there's no one philosophical foundation and the many philosophical foundations are all weak You know, we're not going to get into now the weakness of utilitarianism the the weakness that is a natural law theory The weakness in every one of the types of defenses that all of these different thinkers presented and When these economists come and present the economic argument as brilliant as it may be For free markets, they have no philosophical grounding. They have nothing to ground it on except Utilitarianism and natural law and even you know von Mises tries to ground it on a kind of a Contian rationalism Which is the exact opposite of What you would need in order to ground his kind of economic theory you need an anti-contian philosophy So and and that at the end is the real the real Weakness of the movement is is a lack of philosophy You've got a Fantastic economics, you've got two economics to a large extent many of these people discovered many many many truths But you don't have the moral epistemological and metaphysical Foundation to ground it on for that matter. You don't have the political foundation to ground it in and and you get somebody like Hayek who Does some amazing things in economics isn't a brilliant brilliant economist But when he comes to his social thinking much of it is conventional Much of it is buys into what the philosophers are thinking at that point in time But what the philosophers are thinking at that point in time in the middle of the 20th century is much more consistent with socialism much more consistent with statism than it is with Freedom and true liberty So the real weakness the real thing that that undercuts classical liberalism is the lack of a philosophical foundation and The great tragedy in my view. I mean The greatest tragedy of the 20th century. How about that? That's a big statement Greatest tragedy of the 20th century is that these thinkers did not recognize the genius of iron man The greatest tragedy of the 20th century and going into the 21st century is That these people many of them geniuses brilliant Hayek and Mises and Friedman and Hazlitz and so many others They they recognized at least Mises and Hazlitz did so to some extent The benefits the genius of Atlas shrugged and and some of what Iron Man said, but they did not get it They didn't get the philosophy. They didn't get the importance of a philosophy They didn't get how a philosophy was really the foundation for everything they believed in from an economic and even political perspective and it's it's a It's a huge unimaginable tragedy Because Imagine imagine I mean, it's hard to imagine it's hard to that those people be converted to objectivism imagine that they had taken upon them upon them the the philosophical principles of objectivism and Use them instead of praxeology, which is what Mises comes up with instead of praxeology Uses objectivism as a foundation for the economic thinking now. I think they're all too old and too emmused in economics quite economics at that point to really Grasp the importance of what I ran had done and the importance of those ideas But think about what the consequence would have been and of course the tragedy continues because the best Economists and and to some extent the best thinkers in the world today are not taking I ran seriously So the best Thinkers in a variety of different realms out there academic realms do not take Objectivism seriously from the science as to certain fields within humanities that are doing may we okay or have good thinkers within them? Don't take objectivism seriously and it's a tragedy because people will die Millions of people will die in our future because the defenders of liberty did not identify the importance of philosophy One and did not identify the importance of I ran's philosophy to as much more fundamental. All right I'm gonna take calls three four seven three two four three zero seven five and a switch topics in a little while So if you're interested in asking a question about this issue Classical liberalism and objectives are a few more things to say But if you have any further questions about this feel free to call in<PHONE_NUMBER> I mean you can't ask on the on the chat We've got I've got let's see. I've got three chats going on. I've got I've got a chat on Facebook live I've got a chat that I can see I think what people are posting on YouTube and on Periscope And I've got the blog talk radio chat. So you could ask a question there Part of the problem with chats is they move fast. It's hard to capture the questions before it moves on So, you know, we can do that but yeah, I mean somebody notes here I mean, it's a tragedy that Sam Harris doesn't get it right as good as Sam Harris is and the good stuff that he says and The value it presents to the world imagine How more powerful his ideas would be and our ideas would be if he took Objectivism seriously engaged with those ideas, but more than that if he embraced those ideas You know, it's it's You know, it's it's pretty pretty cool. Whoops. What happened here? Following pages have become unresponsive Not sure what why why that said that but all right, so You can ask questions again What was the phone number<PHONE_NUMBER> if you want to ask a question you have to press one You have to press one in order to do it. So Press one and I will know that you want to ask a question. There will be a question mark. I have to say this every week, but I Have new listeners every week. So yeah, it's appropriate. All right, let's see What a major celebrity advocating brands ideas have a significant impact or would they be shunned and ignored Now I think they could have an impact not dependent on the celebrity and dependent on how they did it But yeah, I think every time a celebrity says Atlas Shogun was my favorite book It has an impact and the impact is that The impact is that people go read the book that people say oh, what are they doing right? Well, why are they saying this is a good book people care of all what celebrities think right then they would actually go I mean Angelina Julia said it said Brad Pitt has said it and then of course you you if they were committed objectivists That would be even more because then they could they would have a platform You see when you have a microphone not my microphone which reaches thousands when you have a microphone that reaches millions Then you can get people To read you can get people to engage with the ideas you can get people curious You can get people to come and listen to your own book show and listen to my podcast So yes having a celebrity who said this would would definitely would definitely make make a big a Big difference. Okay. Somebody asked a question. It's not directly related to it, but it's somewhat related because about Objectivism being a closed system and I don't know if I've talked about this on the podcast before not but but Anyway, it's some way here You know that they're upset about Objectivism being a a closed system and a growth objective is that they don't get this idea of a closed system and it it's I mean the two aspects of this One is Objectivism a name for a particular philosophy. It does not name the truth It names a particular philosophy. It names. I ran's philosophy That doesn't mean it's true. It doesn't mean everything is true. It certainly doesn't mean certainly doesn't mean it's complete I ran herself admitted that there were lots of gaps in her philosophy There's a lot of missing a lot of work needed to be done and indeed Knowledge is endless. There's no limit to human knowledge. They're always gonna be discoveries There's always gonna be new things new adjustments new changes that are gonna have to be made as new knowledge is Discovered new discoveries Science expands, you know Philosophy is not static truth is not static But objectivism is Because objectivism is not the truth Objectivism is not the collection of all those things that are true in philosophy Objectivism is the philosophy of I ran as she defined it as she Defined it now if she was wrong about something if she if if if some of what she wrote needs to be elaborated on Then the person who corrects what she wrote or the person who elaborates on Is doing philosophy? He's doing his philosophy But that now is not objectivism. That is whatever we want to call it in the future. Maybe it's Joeism or I don't know Whatever your name is that where you make the new discovery or you make you find the code the mistake in I ran and you correct it Or maybe there'll be a term in the future called Rand ism and Rand ism or Randy in Randy in is a person Who's influenced by I ran who's who's influenced by objectivism? Or maybe even agrees with much of objectivism, but the certain things they disagree There's certain things that they've changed. They've added a virtue or they've Fixed something else or they've just expanded Significantly above and beyond what I ran wrote in epistemology or in metaphysics and whatever By the way, I know I ran hated Rand ism, but she's not alive anymore. So to some extent it doesn't matter The point is that Objectivism names some thing a finite thing It names iron rands ideas and iron rands ideas are not equal to All future discoveries about the truth are not equal to All future expansions on objectivism. What is she? What if the genius of our day, whoever that may be today? Comes and says Here's some here's some elaborations and iron rands epistemology She she only touched on these issues. She's a man. Here's a new book on epistemology based on Objectivism and what if I ran well live and said I Disagree with this and I disagree with that and I disagree with these things Right, and she's not alive, but she might have and she might have disagreed with some of the things in there Why are you now a cheerleading the name? She gave to her philosophy to you all new things that might she might have agreed with or might not have agreed with It just doesn't make any sense to me It doesn't make any sense to me Right, and this does not mean That philosophy is a closed system. It does not certainly doesn't mean the truth is a closed system It doesn't mean that everything iron rands said is perfectly true. Although, you know in philosophy I believe she was right on everything It doesn't and it doesn't mean you can't add it doesn't mean you can't change It doesn't mean but it just don't call it objectivism. That's all it's a very simple thing. So You know, it's it's it's about what you name things. All right, um, I Got a few questions. What about hope a What do you think about him? I don't like him at all I mean, I mean again every one of these people I don't like has some good things that they've written but hope it is an anarchist he's got certain elements of Of What I think of racism in his writings Yeah, I don't I don't like hope at all and I I despise Again, Marie Rothbard Not the other Marie Marie Rothbard. I'm trying to train my subconscious live here on the radio So no, I mean the I don't Okay, let me say this and I'm gonna get into trouble But let me say this. There are two types of an alco capitalists out there in my view there's a type who The anarcho capitalism the subjectivism implied by it the rejection of objective reality the rejection of objective law the rejection of at the end of the day of reason is At the heart of their philosophy is at the heart of what they do at the heart of what they are advocating for and and and these You know an alco capitalists in my view are the enemies of liberty They give a bad reputation to liberty. They do damage the cause of liberty and they really do harm and I think well, I know that Marie Rothbard is one of them and I think hope is another of them and generally many of the people associate with the von Mises Institute today Unfortunately, it's called that because I don't think one Mises was not an anarchist and anarchists are not in this group Many people associated with the von Mises Institute fall into this camp, but then there are other Anarchists who Don't feel very strongly about it Who generally have this notion of they can't they can't see any argument against it They don't get any argument against it. These are typically economists They they kind of see forces evil and they they project that through and they see the force as being damaging economically and They But they like to apply economics to everything they apply economics to marriage and they apply economics to all sociology into politics and everything So why not apply economics to the problem of extracting force from society and they Rationalistically come up with this idea of Anarcho-capitalism, and I think it's pure rationalism Now I think they're wrong. I think they do damage the cause of liberty because I think the idea is a is a is a Ridiculous idea, and I think it falls apart very quickly, but I Don't put them in the same category as the first were committed philosophically to the idea of anarchy and subjectivism and I think ultimately to nihilism or at least there's an aspect of them that's nihilistic So I have more sympathy to those and and sympathy sympathy is not the right word You know I'm less Less offended by them less disgusted by them less angry at them more open to you know This discussion with them then they're committed philosophical ones So I think they are again different variations. I hope it is definitely in the in the first category. All right Let's see. All right, we're gonna take a quick commercial break, and then I want to come back and talk a little bit more about About classical liberalism Institute it's to promote I ran philosophy of reason rational self-interest and laudate their capitalism It's rare for employment to offer you the opportunity to impact the culture and make history But that's exactly what we do at AI each and every day We are currently looking for talented passionate and bright people who share a goal of raising awareness of iron rams ideas Visit AI dot iron rand or to learn more about open positions and how to apply That's AI dot iron rand. All right. That's a long lead out of the commercial So we're talking about classical liberalism and objectivism, and I just wanted to make One more point and I'm still looking for questions if you have questions feel free to ask them Particularly if you can ask them on these on this issue Anyway All right, so I wanted to talk about whether objectivism is part of the classical liberal tent And I would say no No in the sense that I don't think objectivism belongs in any tent Objectivism is a comprehensive philosophical system a comprehensive philosophical view We don't agree with other people on liberty and then say however you come to it is fine um We believe there's only one way to come to it part of belonging to a tent is to is recognizing that the other Ideas in the tent are legitimate I don't consider a utilitarian defense of capitalism legitimate. I mean it's it's it's respectable in a sense of respectable people believe in it But it's not legitimate not particularly when you're faced with alternative objectivism or the natural law or that religion is consistent with Capitalism none of those things are true utilitarianism and ultimately religion Lead to socialism lead to statism lead to the oppression of the individual lead to collectivism so It's not We're not part of the tent now We participate in the tent In the sense that we participate in the dialogue We participate in the discussion We participate in trying to convince other people in this tent And this tent is a generally I view it as a generally benevolent positive place the classical liberal tent That they are wrong That there is only one philosophical foundation For liberty for rights for capitalism for freedom for individualism and that is objectivism So I for example am a member of the montpellarine society So I go to their events the last three montpellarine society Sessions I think was the last three conferences. I was a speaker and when I speak it's clear that my position is different Than what is traditionally being held All right so We are not part of the tent But we are In the discussion and I think it's important for us to be in the discussion as long as The tent is a benevolent place interested in ideas interested in discussing ideas and has not given up on ideas in the name of Subjectivism win worship do whatever the hell you feel like it which is uh, which is part of many within the kind of an alcohol capitalist world uh Like that and and there's I mean I'm always open to talking to young people Because I think young people have been boozled by all kinds of ideas and you can always correct them and and give them more information And that's healthy, but You know with the with the uh with with sudden types It's just not worth talking to if the nihilism is there so subjectivism is there It's just not worth it. All right, you're listening to your own book show three four seven three two four three zero Seven five three four seven Three two four three zero seven five also if you have any questions You can and if you call in you press the one and then I know that you're wanting to ask a question um We've also if you want to ask a question on uh facebook. I'm somewhat Monitoring the chat on facebook. I'm also monitoring the chat on blog talk and even monitoring the chat on youtube three different screens um and for some reason on YouTube they're talking about law in southern right now. So that's that's a discussion. They're very irrelevant not relevant to our discussion right now um, and uh, what are they talking about on um on blog talk Objectivism doesn't have fellow travelers. I mean No, it doesn't in a sense. It doesn't a sense. It does right it has fellow travelers who agree with us on certain issues So on on some issues. I consider somebody like sam havers a fellow traveler on some issues. I consider Many of of of the the free market economists fellow travelers but as You know really as a as a as a philosophy as a Systematic set of ideas As a movement to change the world We do not have fellow travelers. I mean Objectivism is about somebody says objective is about individualism. It is but more fundamentally I mean, it's about reason. It's about reason as man's basic means of survival. It's about reason as man's guide um and uh and reason is is of course Goes hand in hand with individualism and to me those are the two concepts rational self-interest rational egoism and reason um, of course rational self-interest because they have rational in it already captures the issue of of of reason And somebody's asking what about typical leftist socialist? How do we have a discussion with them? I mean, it depends again Some leftists you cannot have a discussion with If they're the nihilist type if there's a type running around a pepper spraying people or support pepper spraying people If they if they you know, you just can't talk to them. Uh, they're nihilists. They're already They're already so corrupt. I don't believe you can get to them others Yeah, of course you have to talk to uh leftists because most young people are leftist today Our educational system our entire educational system is leftist So the only way to have an impact on the culture the only way to change the world is to talk to Leftists primarily young leftists and the way to do there is to is to challenge their fundamental beliefs To challenge their beliefs on morality the challenge. They believe some politics the challenge They believe some epistemology and to present an alternative a positive alternative a positive alternative That is good for them It is amazing to me The number of people out there who buy self-help books constantly buying self-help books Because they want to make their life better because they want to prosper because they want to be successful Many of those people are leftists many of those people are collectivists They're not going to get any help from self-help books if they're collectivists or if they're altruists or if they're Socialists, it's just not going to work Unless they really compartmentalize but compartmentalize people. It's just not going to work for them. So The best self-help thing for them is to adopt a philosophy of objectivism. Now, that's not enough You need to work at it Objectivism is a philosophy that's not just enough to understand the principles and let them just sink in You have to live it which means you have to integrate it constantly integrate and integrate and integrate and integrate You have to introspect you have to think about it We're going to talk about emotions in a minute and how that affects your emotional life and what it how it relates to emotions and so on So Well, I say they have to adopt objectivism. That's not a simple thing. All right, we've got a call Hi, you're new on book show. Who's this?


Hello everyone, I am Dr. Labya Ayesha, junior resident department of radio diagnosis in MJ Medical College and Hospital Navi, Mumbai, presenting a paper on role of MRI in evaluation of primary intracranial tumors along with my co-author Dr. Pratik Patil, associate professor and under the guidance of Dr. Ashutosh Chitney sir. Primary intracranial tumors show diverse group of pathologic types derived from the area cells in central nervous system. The incidence is around 4 per 1 lakh population and the diagnosis is often delayed because of delayed initial sign symptoms, vague and nonspecific presentation. MRI is a highly sensitive imaging modality which allows accurate detection of legion location, its extent, mass effect, atrophy and hemorrhage and a better differentiation between vascular structure and adjacent barren schema. MRI plays an important role in all phases of patient management starting from diagnosis, treatment plan, response to treatment and recurrence. In this study, we reviewed the salient features of different types of intracranial tumors and their appearances on MRI. Our aim is to study the role of MRI as a method of investigation in diagnosis of primary intracranial tumors and our objectives are to detect, localize and diagnose primary intracranial tumors based on their characteristic MR appearances and to assist their patterns, extent and mass effect. This is a retrospective study done in MGM hospital in Navi Mumbai over a period of 6 months from November 2022 to April 2023. A total of 20 patients were included in the study and the patients ages range from 9 years to 86 years. All patients were scanned on Toshiba 1.5 Tesla MRI machine. Diagnosis was made based on the typical MR appearances, location, extent and associated features. This study includes total 20 cases. Out of the 6 cases are of meningioma, 3 cases of vestibular schwannoma, 3 cases of pituitary macrowadinoma, 1 case of craniofaryngeoma, 1 case of ependymoma, 1 case of pyrocytic astrocytoma, 1 case of glioblastoma, 1 case of glioma, 1 case of hypothermic hematoma, 1 case of caudoma and 1 case of pineal pyrantimal tumor. Now starting with case number 1, a case of meningioma in a 68 year old male patient presented with altered sensorium. The image is showing a well-defined mass lesion appearing hyper intense on T2 and flare involving the right frontoperitotemporal lobe, separated from brain parenchyma by a CSF cleft and causing compression in the form of midline shift and displacement of right lateral ventricle showing dural clefts and a dural tail sign and effacement of adjacent chalki and gyrel. Now moving to case number 2, a case of left sided vestibular schwannoma in a 38 year old female presented with heric and giddiness. The image shows well-defined T2 hyper intense lesion arising from left cerebellum pontine angle extending into left internal auditory and showing homogenous post-contrast enhancement. Moving to case number 3, a case of pituitary macro adenoma in a 44 year old male presented with heric and visual disturbances. The image shows a well-defined mass arising from cellar causing its mild expansion and it shows narrowing in the region of diaphragma celli giving rise to typical figure of age appearance and shows supracellular extension causing compression of optic chasma. Now moving to case number 4, a case of cranio parenchyoma in a 25 year old female patient presented with heric and visual disturbances. A well-defined mass appearing hyper intense on T2 and on post-contrast enhancement showing a peripheral thin rim of enhancement and causing compression of optic chasma. Now moving to the next case, a case of epandymoma in a 35 year old female patient presented with heric and neck pain. The image shows a well-defined mass appearing hyper intense on T2 showing multiple flare hyper intense septic within appearing hyper intense on T1 and showing heterogeneous peripheral post-contrast enhancement along with enhancing septic within arising from the floor of port ventricle causing its dilatation. Now moving to the next case, a case of pylocytic astrocytoma in a 25 year old female presented with persistent heric. The image shows a large solid cystic lesion in the right cerebellar hemisphere. The cystic component is appearing hyper intense on T2, hyper intense on T1 and showing bright post-contrast enhancement and it is causing displacement and effacing the port ventricle. Now moving to the next case, a case of glioblastoma in a 53 year old male presented with chronic headache and vomiting. A large extra axial mass arising from splenium of corpus callus on left side and in left parietal lobe appearing heterogeneously hyper intense on T2 flare and showing avid peripheral post-contrast enhancement with non-enhancing central areas within surrounded by diffuse perilegenal edema and showing an extra cranial extension through a bony defect and causing extreme compression of occipital horn and body of left lateral ventricle. Now moving to the next case, a case of glioma in a 49 year old male patient presented with headache and seizures. The image shows a large mass centered on genu of corpus callus extending into both frontal lobes and showing heterogeneous enhancement with central non-enhancing areas within, suggestive of intralesional hemorrhage and necrosis. Moving to the next case, a case of hypothalamic hematoma in a 9 year old male patient presented with seizures. The image shows a well defined mass arising in the region of hypothalamus on the left side. Moving to the next case, a case of cordoma in a 28 year old menial patient presented with headache and epistaxis. The mass involving nasopharynx, clivus, inferior aspect of pons and the cellular sticker. It is showing few small T2 hyper intensities and vivid post-contrast enhancement. And lastly, a case of pineal parenchyma tumor in a 39 year old male patient presented with headache and painful eye movements. The image shows heterogeneously hyper intense T2 signal intensity mass arising in the region of pineal gland comprising the tectum. Now the conclusion, MRI is a powerful non-invasive rapid and utmost important modality in detecting intracranial tumors. MRI with excellent capture of soft tissue anatomy, better delineation of pathologies, increased contrast discrimination and its ability to obtain images in different planes can better define precise location relative to important new anatomical structures. Its extent, mass effect, relationship with ventricles and vascular structures, presence and severity of secondary changes like hemorrhages, herniation, complications which is extremely important for optimal surgical radiotherapy, planning and evaluation of treatment response and recurrence and it helps on neurosurgeon to plan for surgery and the references.


In this segment, once again, we would look into Islamic contracts. In fact, this segment is a summary of the most important Islamic contract. Given the importance of contract in Islamic dealings in Muamalat, in business, in Islamic banking and finance, it is imperative for us to understand different Islamic contracts. There are a number of categories or groups of Islamic contracts. Like we saw in the previous segment, there are sale contracts, there are lease contracts. Of course, there are some investment contracts. We have some contracts which support other contracts called supporting contracts. Then we have gratuitous contracts and in addition to these five groups of contracts, there are some other arrangements which may not be just an independent contract. There may be arrangements based on different contracts. When we look at sale contracts, spot sale contract is the base level contract. Spot sale contract is what? It is a contract whereby one party sells something which is delivered now against a price which is received now. Hence, we call it a spot sale contract, which is the base level contract in Islamic law. Actually, this is the most preferred form of a sale contract. So, that is called the spot sale contract. Now, these spot sale contracts or sale in general could be without profit or with profit. It is possible that you go to a shopkeeper and the shopkeeper sells something without earning profit. That in Islamic law is called Sauliya. You will be very lucky if you have some shopkeeper friends or some friends who are willing to sell certain things to you without charging you profit. There are some other sale contracts where the seller might disclose the profit. It is a requirement of a murabaha contract that the profit should be disclosed. If someone is earning 20% profit from you, they should tell you. This is a requirement of a murabaha sale contract. And a murabaha sale contract in its simple form is actually a spot contract. Although in the context of Islamic banking and finance, murabaha is combined with a deferred payment sale because of which many people think that murabaha is actually a deferred payment contract, which is not the case. The defining feature of a murabaha contract is that the profit is disclosed. Murabaha is derived from a word ribh. Ribh in Arabic means profit. And murabaha means earning profit out of an arrangement in such a way that profit is disclosed. Then we have deferred payment sale, which is also called ba'a mo'ajal. Deferred delivery sale, which is called salam. And then we have commissioned sale contract called istisna. There are some controversial sale contracts like ba'ina and like tawarroq. Ba'ina has historically been used in countries like Malaysia, but even there its use is going down very significantly. Tawarroq on the other hand side is the most commonly used contract in Islamic banking and finance, although to many people it remains controversial. There are some specific sales which we would be referring to in the context of Islamic banking and finance learning. So we would be looking into sale of currency and sale of debt. These are very sensitive sales for which there are separate rulings and they would be subject matter of one of the segments. Lease contracts, simple lease as we said in our previous segment, these lease contracts are used in a number of Islamic financial transactions. Sukuk, which is a form of Islamic bond, the most widely used structure of Sukuk is actually based on hijara. And when the time comes, we would explain the structure of a Sukuk hijara. Higher purchase, this is something used by Islamic banks in a number of products and structures and we would explain these structures in due time as well. Forward lease contract, this is another recognized lease contract in Islamic law. And hijara wa iqtina or lease to gift, this is another variant of a lease contract. Investment contracts, profit sharing contracts, partnership or profit loss sharing contracts. And the third may be an investment agency or wakala istitmar. Profit sharing is known as mudaraba, it could be a restricted mudaraba or it could be an unrestricted mudaraba. The distinctions between these two would be explained in due time. Partnership contracts are quite a number. However, we have listed sharika aqt, milk and wuju and we would be going into the details or their definitions and their characteristics in one of the forthcoming segments. Investment agency or wakala istitmar, this is becoming very popular in Islamic banking with a number of applications. Supporting contracts, wakala, service agency, joala, pledge, rahen, remittance, awala and safe custody wadiya, these are the supporting contracts which are used in almost all the Islamic financial products in one form or the other. The gratuitous contracts and other commercial arrangements, they have their own significance. In case of gratuitous contracts, the one party may benefit without the other party having any meaningful benefit to the contract. For example, in case of gift, gift is an example of a gratuitous contract in which one party, the party which receives gift benefit, the other party actually doesn't have any worldly benefit in it. And other contractual arrangements, we call them arrangements not contracts because technically they are not just one contract. They may be combination of many contracts or in case of wad, actually the arrangement may not be deemed as a contract in Islamic law. So with this one, I would like to stop here with the summary of Islamic legal contracts which are a lot in number and of course they are very significant in scope and scale.


Welcome to Toffy TV, joined by John Bladion, thanks for me grabbing it, he was literally going past and I managed to grab him. There's an article in the Athletic, before we carry on, you can visit the link in the description below and you can get a 30 day free trial with the Athletic and then 50% off your yearly subscription which makes you £2.50 a month. Grego Keith, Patrick Boyland, the Everton writers on the Everton focused journalists, can't argue with that can you? So get over and give that a little bit of a check and it's funny John because you've actually tweeted about an article that Patrick Boyland has written in the Athletic box on that. I don't know when it was published but I saw it this morning so I read it because you do. Patrick had written this thing, well this article in the Athletic about, fundamentally I suppose about Tom's not getting a great deal of opportunity and I thought it was good, the article I mean, so I tweeted about it. I paid for that, I just did it. I think the thing with because I thought it was a good article. What Paddy has highlighted there I suppose is that there's been a reduction in Tom's game time over the last couple of years. Well I was passing because I was on my way home, I'd been to see John Banner doing some shareholder stuff in the Wirral and he was mentioning to me that it's like half, is it half what it was the year before? Basically he hasn't done anything. Well this year it's season, he hasn't had anything, but I mean last season the season before it was a big drop off wasn't it? So 2017-18 which is all in the article Paddy has noted. One thousand nine hundred and five minutes in the 17-18 season as opposed to under Marco last season he only had nine hundred and 76 minutes so it was also a thousand, well less than a thousand minutes reduction isn't it? I suppose it's just a little bit more than half. So is he, would you say at the moment, and this is something Paddy says actually in the thing, he's had a fork in the road rarely with his everton career because he's just signed a four year deal not long ago didn't he? In the summer. In the summer, more improved terms and everything else but there's a pathway to the, which is being explained, this career pathway. But then obviously I think about what, as a later the lot of people, not so much the Premier League game so far this season but the fact that he wasn't included for the Lincoln City game away I think a lot of people were like well where is he this is a lad? Well that's right, that's what it explains isn't it because most of us were just naturally when the certain players are not included in the matchday squad for the Premier League and then obviously slightly different when it's in either of the cups. If they're not in it and he was on for the Lincoln game you think oh must be injured being tweaked or whatever and then the manager says no it was tactical. Now tactical, I think he quoted a couple of other players named Bernard and one of them was Sheamus Coleman. But that's tactical as in the sense of arresting them. But he wasn't arresting Tom because he hadn't been playing anyway. And while Tom was 21 in June and sometimes we forget how young he is, I mean one of the challenges I suppose is it almost gets to become if you're not established in a Premier League team by a certain age perhaps you're not going to make it or not there anyway. And when I did the tweet this morning, I think it was this morning, I said you might draw a conclusion from Paddy's article that he needs to leave and I got a fair number of responses and some of those responses I mean in fact I've just read one from a character and if you're watching this and you know who you are I'm actually not, I'm thinking you're not in Evertonia. Because he's only ever responded this guy's are two tweets I've done and both of them have resulted in a slagging off of the Everton player. And in this example this guy has said another player who's simply not good enough. And I think that's wrong because he actually, he being Tom Davis has something which we lack at the moment which we start in Barclays I suppose which somewhere goes that way as prepared to carry the ball and that's what we need. I think there's a conundrum there to be honest. The manager and indeed the director of football and recently the under 21s or whatever his manager saying how great he is. Nice words are nice but you've got to have minutes haven't you. And when I speak to John Van earlier on I was saying well I remember speaking to Kieran, Kieran down a couple of years ago. And because John's saying he needs to go out on loan somewhere. But John attached to that he needs to go out on loan if he's not going to get a game. I think the issue is the manager thinks he is going to get a game because that's why they've not sent him out on loan. But when I spoke to Kieran a couple of years ago he said and he knew he had to go out on loan because that's predominantly what he's been doing. It has to be the loan to the right club. So I think I'm assuming that in August time our view very much was yes we've just signed this line up for longer. He's going to get game time but we've subsequently perhaps gone out and bought midfield players. We're always going to get Gomez. Delph's there isn't he. JP's injured so that might make it even more difficult for Tom to go anywhere because we're a man down. And I think as the article rightly says if you start and I think the articles crafted quite well because it talks and leaves the audience or the reader to make their own conclusion. Hence mine was he needs to leave but not necessarily permanently. Because he's down shnidling on the peccan order as well. I think the thing what I found with Tom is he's played over 80 times for everyone 21. Just 21. June wasn't it. June it was. So I think he's got a lot to offer. I really do think he'll continue to improve. The problem he will have is obviously like we've just said there's those three players but it's also convincing a manager where to play him. I think he is in all action midfield down. I feel as though potentially he's better as you said before going that way as opposed to being a defensive midfield player.  He was captain last week against Turkey in Istanbul. He was brilliant when he was captain the other day against Kosovo I think it was and he said he was exceptional so. In the role that he failed at if you like at home to Tottenham. Whether he's been a victim of it didn't hang together there. We can all try and second guess can't we. That's why the article is quite good I think because it leaves the audience or the reader to make their own judgements. But you've just nailed it. Where do you play him? Where do you play him? If we go by a year-ish ago or whenever it was not quite that long is it. The manager thinks I've got better defensive midfield options than Tom. So you really who would you say is competing against defensive midfield wise. He's competing against Schneidlin, Delft perhaps. But no one else is a pure defensive style midfield player. But he's injured. So it's two plus one who's injured. But that means the manager was thinking as soon as we decide to keep Schneidlin you know the plus one is Schneidlin isn't it. So then you say well if you're not going to play him in that role it's the attacking midfield type role. And as I think the article mentions it he then bumped straight up against Sigarton doesn't he. So when fans start thinking that through and say ok you're picking the team this weekend and you can choose between a woby, Sigarton, Bernard or Tom Davis. How many fans actually get Tom in the top two and never mind in the top position. So very few if any. So I think that's the nature of our squad getting deeper to be honest. It is and I suppose the challenge for him is just to get better isn't it. It's as simple as that. You've got to get better, you've got to play. No there is that of course but sometimes people get and this happens with Dominic Oliver Lugan as well. People get wound up in. He's not in our team, not selling, getting rid of him. It's like well he's only young, you've got to have players who make up your squad who are good at what they do. They might not be the very best but the kids have got to be allowed to grow. I think for Tom I don't see any benefit from him going and playing in the championship. He's played 80 or Premier League games but maybe alone like John Joe's got somewhere like that in the Bundesliga where he's playing top flight in front of big crowds, build his confidence up and try to improve. But none of that can happen to January. No, no so it's just going to have to work doubly hard in training. I mean he had the text message from one of the article points out but I've also seen it everywhere else. Text message from one of the Everton backroom staff saying brilliant or something after the blade against Takey and he was like well that's good that they're watching and things but there's got to be a bit more to it. Yeah but you say you've got to be a bit more to that and there's some interesting things isn't it because you bring DCL into it who's a little bit older but even so they've come through the same if you like graduation from the academy teams and stuff. It is we per annually off in football not just at Everton players get better when they're not playing apparently and players who do play get worse. And you just fear and that's why they've got to be allowed to grow that if Tom had been getting the game time particularly in the difficult period last season when DCL was getting it whether he'd be the next whipping boy and all that sort of stuff so all that's got to come into play. I think that the best part of not so much the article itself is that the article was reasonably well crafted and drew you into working it out for yourself was neither the player nor apparently his agents are concerned. Yeah but we've talked on this and business matters we've talked on as well. One of the things that brands we think is doing in developing the squad and the depth of the squad and all that good stuff is explaining to players where they fit, where they are in the pecking order, why decisions are being made and what they need to do about it to get into the team. So the agents and the player are currently comfortable because they know what the plan is. I don't know who knows what the plan might be. With a view that says that if it's not really happening for circumstance because if we just go on a run of winning games then they're not going to change it aren't they? No not at all. And then come January he could end up going somewhere I suppose. If he's had very few minutes you say well how do we know we're going to get any more. But we will go through periods as well when there's a high concentration of games. Of course and there's injuries so to contend with as we've seen. Suspensions when Schneiderland's collected all the necessary numbers. Unnecessary cards. It's interesting. Anyway that's what lies next for Sunday. Hopefully he continues to improve because I don't think you can have too many good young local lads in your squad. I think it makes a big difference. Go on check it out, go on check out Paddy Boylan's article in the Athletic and have a look for yourself see what you think. Don't forget if you click the link in the description you get 30 day free trial and then you get for this year 50% off the yearly subscription which works out £2.50 a month. So if you want a bit of edit and focus journalism Paddy Boylan Grego Keith as well writing on there, go on give that a check out. Why not? Why not? Big thanks to John for jumping out of his car on the way through so he could come and do this with me. Get a coffee. Yeah you've got a coffee to John. If you haven't subscribed please do show give the video a thumbs up and get over to Peyton if you want more videos see you later.