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Ableton on Air is part of the following organizations, the National Academy of Television, Arts and Sciences, Boston, New England Chapter, and the Society of Professional Journalists. Welcome to the edition of Ableton on Air, the one and only program that focuses on the needs, concerns, and achievements of the different label. I've always been your host, Lauren Seiler. Arlene is not here today. We would like to thank our partner in this topic, Commissioner Monica White from the Division for Disabilities and Independent Living. Thank you for joining us on this edition of Ableton on Air. So, what are the missions and goals of disabilities and independent living? Great. Well, first, thank you so much for having me here. It's a delight to be able to share a bit of information about my department. My department is the Department for Disabilities, Aging and Independent Living, also known as DALE, and our mission at DALE is to make Vermont the best state in which to grow old or to live with a disability with dignity, respect, and independence. So, how important it is, you know, how important is it, you know, because for years people with special needs were fighting for independence through the ADA and different things like that, and you know, there are still 41 states that are institutionalized for people with disabilities, but how important is independence for people with disabilities? Yeah, I think that's a great question. I think certainly independence is fundamental for people with disabilities, for older people, for everyone. And here in Vermont, that is really underscores everything that we do in the aging and disability space. Certainly, there have been many battles at the both national and state level to really fight for civil rights, human rights for people with disabilities. You mentioned the Americans with Disabilities Act, which was really a pivotal legislation that was over 30 years ago at this point that that was passed. And certainly, we've come a long way. Certainly, there's still work to be done overall to ensure that folks are able to live with dignity, respect, and independence. Let's talk about some of the history of, you know, when we talk about independence and respect for, you know, certain words and nots. I remember when we first came to Vermont, certain words were on some medical applications that shouldn't have been used.  But how has respect changed and what do we have, what do we still have to do to gain that respect? Certainly. I think you're absolutely right. We've come a long way in terms of using more person-centered language. So instead of saying, referring to someone by the disability that they might have, saying a person with a disability, instead of in the older person's space, instead of using, you know, elderly, using reframing aging to older Vermonter. So it's really about the person being first and foremost in person-centered language is we have come a long way in that area. They don't have people minded anymore that you're not even supposed to use the word lunatic or anything describing someone with a mental challenge. Right. And I think, you know, part of that is historically othering people, so like those people instead of... We don't want to say those people. Right. We don't want to say it because it's people, period, a person who might have a disability, a person who might be older. But that doesn't define who they are and I think that's something that we all... So let's talk about some of the major, the reason why, you know, to talk about the programs and how they work within Dale for those that don't know. Let's start with the division for the blind and how does Dale help people with visual impairments and, you know, let's go from there. Sure. So for our department we have five divisions and... Only five? Only five. But those five divisions have a number of programs within each. So starting with our division for the blind and visually impaired is our smallest division, but it's a small but mighty. The division for the blind and visually impaired, also known as DBVI, serves as the name would indicate, Vermonters who are blind or visually impaired through several different programs. One being vocational support, so working with Vermonters who might be blind or visually impaired to determine what supports might be needed for them to acquire employment or for their training or education, things like assistive technology. Why is it the smallest one? Is there a reason for that? It's just in terms of the number of staff that we have in that division and the number of Vermonters that that particular division serves is smaller in scale than that. Because Vermonters have a small amount, so does Vermonters have a small amount of people who are blind and visually impaired? Is that...? Well, I'm not sure. I would say smaller than Vermonters who might need nursing care, that sort of thing. So that's why it's smaller. So employment supports is one of the main areas that DBVI works with independent living, so working with also partners at the Vermont Association for the Blind and Visually Impaired. What is the difference between the two? Between the association and the division. Sure. So DBVI is state government and as part of that works to draw down funds from the federal government to our partners who work on the ground to administer some of the programs. And so DBVI, the Vermont Association for the Blind and Visually Impaired is a private organization, nonprofit, who also works in support of Vermonters who are blind and visually impaired. And so in the independent living space making sure that working on things like home modifications, assistive technology, that sort of thing. So people with vision loss are able to live safely at home independently. And DBVI also operates a business enterprise program, so working, there are several cafes. One of them is the cafe at the Waterbury State Office complex. I've been there. Yeah, it's great. And so owned and operated by people who are blind or visually impaired. The one on State Street, is that operated at the State House, brother? Is that operated by people with disabilities too? I don't believe the main State House cafeteria is. I believe there's another, I don't know the current status, but within one of the State Office buildings. I know there were discussions recently about bringing one of those cafes online, but with the flood and I'm honestly not sure of the status of that right now. And part of that business enterprise program includes operating vending machines at rest areas and that sort of thing as an opportunity for folks who are blind or visually impaired. Now, let's, before we get to the other programs, COVID was a big problem. I know that we live across the street and there's doctors offices across the street. But how impacted, I think I'm saying it right, how impacted was services during COVID and has it improved? Because for like three or four mustings were completely shut down. The only way, when the governor spoke, he said, you only allowed to go to the pharmacy or supermarket and you couldn't go anywhere else. But, you know, that was a problem. And sometimes, for example, telehealth when it comes to medical stuff, doesn't work completely. It works, but it doesn't help everyone who needs to see someone in person. So how impacted was services and is it improved since the vaccinations? And so sorry, that's a loaded question. Yeah, no, that's, that's, it's a, it's a heavy question, but it's important. So certainly. And I know it's probably not on that list. That's quite all right. The, yeah, certainly the pandemic COVID-19 was extraordinarily disruptive to everyone's everyday life. And for the period of time where much of in person services were paused, that really was impactful to a lot of people. And your, your point about moving to, to telehealth was, you know, everyone was scrambling to adapt to this. Because it doesn't work for everybody. Right. It was. I'll give you an example. If you need, for myself, and then I'm like, since I have epilepsy, I deal with epilepsy and it's very well controlled. I need to see my epilepsy doctor in person. I need to see a counselor in person. So it doesn't work for everybody. Right. And, and I think, you know, part of what we were, what we learned at the beginning of the pandemic when we were, you know, thrust into with really no advanced, advanced notice to this kind of halt everybody's remote and social distancing and working from home. There was, you know, a period of time where everyone was, well, how, what do we do? And then over the subsequent months realizing the making sure that there was very clear guidance about in person medical visit requirements, even, of course, you know, masked and distanced as appropriate. But certainly, you know, our emergency rooms, hospitals, health, long term facilities were, I'm sorry, what was that? Crisis centers. Yes. Providing services, although limited to urgent and the kind of the less urgent was maybe put on the back burner. So that was, you know, for the first however many months of the pandemic. Since you said that you have on your website, especially you have developmentally, I like saying, challenge. Do you have developmentally challenged? You have services for people with physical challenges. Okay. Do you necessarily, or does Dale necessarily, because it could match someone could have a mental challenge and a physical challenge at the same time or dual diagnosis they call it. Does Dale, per se, have services for, well, you have services for both, but when does it, do you necessarily refer somebody to say Washington County mental health if they have, you know, or does it, or do you have specific meshing services? You get my point there? Am I saying it wrong? I'm sorry. No, that's quite all right. I think so you're right. We have how Dale itself is structured as through five divisions. So one of them being the division for the buying of visually impaired. The other being the developmental disability services division, adult services division, division for licensing and protection and the division of vocational rehabilitation. And then the long term care services too. That actually falls under our adult services division. And to your point about somebody who might need services from multiple programs, that is absolutely the case. Can they get services from multiple programs? Yes. And so recognizing that people do not always fit neatly into one particular neat box of neat ones. It's not one size fits all. Exactly. And so what we do at Dale is by a large part, we partner with a large network of community providers who actually deliver the services to individuals. So for example, the area agencies on aging, there are five of those around the state who deliver services for older Vermonters through the older Americans Act. And another example is our network of 15 designated and specialized services agency throughout the state who deliver developmental disability services to Vermonters. And some of those agencies also do adult family care, which is through our choices for care program and et cetera, et cetera. I mentioned VABV. And VABV, I'm sorry, the Vermont Association for the Blind to Visually Impaired. There are also adult day centers. I know I'm missing a number of our other community partners, home health agencies, that sort of thing, who deliver services. And then notice also you have services for people that have brain injuries also. Yes, we have a brain injury program that goes through our adult services division. So basically, do you provide, does Dale provide services for people that I would say zero to five and up pretty much, right? Do you have child services as well? Primarily the services that Dale provides are for adults, adult Vermonters. We do it for developmental disability services for children who have a developmental disability. We do oversee provision of those services. So let's talk about older Vermonters and adults.  You know, let's talk about the long-term services. How does that work within Vermont for those that might not know? Sure, that's a great question. So we, as I mentioned, we have five area agencies on aging throughout the state who have... Council on aging is one of them. Central Vermont Council on Aging is one. Let's see if I can rattle them all off by memory. Central Vermont Council on Aging serving Central Vermont. Senior Solutions, which serves the southeast part of Vermont. Southwestern Vermont Council on Aging. Southwestern area. Northeast Kingdom Council on Aging. Where is Northeast Kingdom? People might not know where that is. Yes, so that is... The Northeast Kingdom is... I've seen a red bus, but doesn't it? Yes, yes. So it's a beautiful area. The state is actually just up at the N-E-K-C-O-A as they're known on Tuesday. They have offices in St. John's Berry and Newport, but Caledonia, Orleans, and Essex counties roughly in that area of the state. And then Agewell that serves the northwestern corridor of the state. For those that are speaking about older Romanos, I don't know if Dale Dales or this, but I'm just going to... If someone, because I guess the further you go up, a lot of people don't have internet connections, does Dale help, I know during the pandemic, people were scrambling and working with to get internet connections for those that didn't have, you know, because it's very important to keep in touch with people. Does Dale deal with any funds or any programs, getting someone internet connections or anything of that nature? So in terms of... Technology. Technology access and the equity of access for technology is absolutely an issue in the state. Everyone is not connected. It does not have internet connections at home, the devices to use it, or necessarily the knowledge to be able to use the internet. And so part of the work that has been done and is in the works for that is during the pandemic, our AAAs, as the area agencies on aging are known, had initiated a program called, I believe it's called Get Set Up, which worked with older Vermonters in particular to help with all of those technology pieces. So the education, here's the device, here's how you use it, that sort of thing. Another piece of that puzzle is at the statewide level, there is, and it might be federal also, but either rebates or lowered rates for lower income individuals to be able to access, to be able to pay their internet bill. And then further, there's also work being done by the Vermont broadband board led by Christine Hallquist to really do the full slate of the analysis over the entire state for where are the areas that need broadband, how can that be done. And Dale does have a seat at that table to advocate for making sure that the needs of individuals with disabilities and older Vermonters are represented in that broader body of work that is being led. Now, since you said, let's talk more about vulnerable populations. Homeless, the homeless is a big problem. I wouldn't call it a problem in Vermont, but it's being worked on. How does Dale help the homeless population in Vermont and help them find housing, how would that work? Yeah, so first I think it is fair to say that housing crisis... I'm sorry if I say something wrong. No, no, no, that's totally fine. I think it is entirely fair and accurate to say. Absolutely, and that the situation right now in Vermont with the availability of housing stock is special. So during the pandemic, but then with the flooding that we had this past July, really, really decimated our available housing stock, which was already challenged. And so it has risen to a top priority for both the administration and I think the legislature to work to address both on making sure... charting a path forward that includes more housing units, as well as prevention of homelessness initiatives. And so there's a lot of work being done on both of those fronts right now and Dale is participating in all of the above because it is challenged. I don't like saying this. Please, if I'm saying it wrong, correct me. Sometimes it can be a double-edged sword if you're challenged and you're out on the street because number one, you have your challenges, you know, your medical conditions and the elements because things can set in. You got frostbite and other stuff. And if you're homeless and challenged, it could be detrimental. There's got to be more services besides. And I know the homeless shelters in Vermont don't have enough room to deal with that. So is there other ways that you guys are helping the homeless besides the shelters? Right. So one of the other options, particularly this time of year through the cold weather, is... Because I know the economic services, for example, gives motel vouchers, but what if someone is... So you're absolutely correct that the Economic Services Division within the Department for Children and Families oversees that particular program to ensure that... I know they get, I think it's 30 days if you're disabled or challenged, you probably get another month attached to it or extra time. I don't know the specifics of that program right off the top of my head, so... Brain injuries, how does Dale help someone with TBI? Sure.  Who have a brain injury, we have service providers to include the Brain Injury Association of Vermont to work with individuals who have had a brain injury and based on the person's needs and that sort of thing. So that's something that our partners do. Let's talk about deaf and hard of hearing for a minute. I know that Dale can probably help with more accommodations dealing with deafness. But what specific agencies within Dale help the deaf population, especially let's say if someone cannot afford a hearing aid, that must... Because hearing aids are expensive. An example, years ago I had gotten a hearing aid from Costco and they're $1,800, but go ahead, is there anything... Well first, I wear hearing aids. I have to get another one. Yeah, I actually just got my hearing aids earlier this year for the first time because I believe it was the last legislative session. I'm sorry if I... No, that's quite alright. This is a great topic. The legislation was passed in Vermont within the past couple of years which requires health insurers provide hearing aid coverage. And at that point, I've needed hearing aids for a number of years but was pretty stubborn and decided... And also very frugal and decided I really could just muscle through without them even though it was a real challenge. And when that legislation which I'm personally and professionally very thrilled about when that legislation was passed, I made an appointment with my audiologist to get my hearing aids. So all of that to say that that legislation really did have a meaningful effect on Vermonters who are hard of hearing which can affect folks at any age and adds significant challenges to daily life as you know when you have a hearing aid. And we shouldn't... We can say as many commentaries as we want at the end of this program we should never be prideful to ask for help. Exactly. Especially when you're challenged. That is what we have our system set up to do when people need the help to absolutely request that. Tell me more about the legislation with the hearing aids and how Dale had any part in that? I believe that that legislation was introduced before I joined the... Before I became commissioner and it was several years ago and so the specifics are lost to the sands of time in my memory so I don't know that I can speak to that very eloquently. But I do think certainly that we have that coverage has been really enormously helpful because to your point hearing aids can be expensive but they are important for the quality of life. They're over the counter now but they range now because there's a difference since you said hearing aids there's a difference between hearing aids and then you have amplifiers also and then you have other things but over the counter they range like three, four hundred dollars. It depends what you need but it's there. Is that a permanent thing with the legislation or is it... I think as permanent as any legislation is I mean any laws can be changed really at any point in time but I don't see any future in what... I don't see anything changing in that front. Okay so what... Now sign language interpretation, somebody needs that. Where did it go for that within Dan? So we do have a director of Deaf Heart of Hearing and Deaf Blind Services. His name is Laura Siegel. She is truly fantastic and it actually occurs to me that it might be interesting if you had Laura on your program to really kind of walk through the specifics about that body of work. I think that might be a great way to get... What didn't we cover that you would like to talk about? About... Gail in terms of other things that we did not cover. Sure so I think here... Well I guess the question would you want to go through some of our other divisions work that we haven't... Yes please. Sure. So one of those divisions I mentioned before is Higher Ability Vermont. Formally known as Division of Vocational Rehabilitation. Last year we underwent a rebranding to something a bit more positive sounding, disability and that division is based all around the state. There's a presence at each of the main 12 district offices throughout the state of Vermont and that division works with individuals who have a disability, any sort of disability at all toward working to support that person in attaining their career goals and a career pathway, higher wage attainment, educational goals. So what does a person want to obtain a degree or a trade credential, that sort of thing. Another big piece of Higher Ability Vermont's work is working with youth with disabilities who are in high school who are going to be transitioning into adulthood so working with those youth proactively to identify what do they want to do after high school, what supports might they need to achieve whatever career or educational goals that they want. And a couple of years ago one of the... So Higher Ability offers a number of really really fantastic programs. One of them that's new within the past couple of years is the Summer Career Exploration Program that work with... Higher Ability works with youth over the summer and employers to provide paid internships at local businesses and has been an enormously successful and great program for youth and employers who participate in that. So that's Higher Ability Vermont in a nutshell. They do a lot but that's the really high level overview. Our Adult Services Division, so I mentioned the work of our area agencies on aging through our state unit on aging. Another one of the big programs within our Adult Services Division is our Choices for Care program. And that is the Medicaid program in the state for Vermonters who are eligible for nursing home level of care. Explain a little bit about that as well. I really, you know, that's important. What if someone gets older and needs more services? So, and that is... So the Choices for Care program is designed so if somebody does meet the both financial eligibility for Medicaid and clinical eligibility to require a nursing home level of care, the Choices for Care program, it's predicated, it's based on a choice. So a choice of setting. So a person could receive that level of care in a skilled nursing facility. There are also other licensed facilities in the state or a person could choose to receive services at home and based on individuals. Yeah, but if a person can't do the home, then that's why other services are there. Yep, so there's the range of services available there. Let's see, I think one of the other divisions I haven't spoken about is Developmental Disabilities Services Division. And so DDSD as it's known works to oversee. I mentioned that we have 15 designated and specialized services agencies throughout the state who provide home and community-based services and supports for individuals with a developmental intellectual or developmental disability within their communities. Also people could choose to hire their own staff to provide that service, either for developmental disabilities or Choices for Care. And so that's part of one of the options. And our DDSD also includes the Office of Public Guardian. Oh, yeah, I wanted to get to that, even though we haven't covered it. What if someone needs a guardian and they're challenged? Or shall I say, let's say someone's parents pass away and they need help and they're challenged and they just need some extra assistance. How does Dale help? Sure, so... I know that's a tough, sometimes morbid topic to talk about. But it's important, you know, that end-of-life planning is important for everyone at any age. And you're right that guardianship can be part of that if a person is not able to make their... if they're not able to sign contracts to understand, for example, what they might be entering into a legal agreement for that sort of thing. So public guardianship is... Some people, like my wife and I, some people don't have big families, so other people have to care for them. Right, and so, I mean, ideally, if a person is in need of guardianship, ideally there is a family member or a friend who would be willing to step in into that role. That isn't always the case. And in that case, a public guardian can be appointed, and that is done through the court, and a petition needs to be filed through the court because ultimately we want people to be able to, you know, have to serve in that role for themselves if they can. Does Dale... Well, this is another topic that might be morbid because it could happen. Let's say someone passes at work. Someone doesn't have a burial set up and things like that. And the person is challenged.  But does Dale, or does the state of Vermont, would they give someone a burial plot if they couldn't afford it if they're disabled? So Dale does not. That's not something within my department. I believe there is something available at the state level, but I don't, to be candid, I know that. I didn't know if Dale would help with that if someone is challenged and they don't have a, you know, and they get that. So is there anything else that we didn't cover? I don't... I can't think of anything off the top of my head. The one division that I think I've hit all of our divisions with the exception of our Division of Licensing and Protection if you'd like me to share a bit of info about that. And then I was going to ask you one more question, but go ahead. Oh, well, okay. So I'll start with the Division of Licensing and Protection comprised of two units, one of which is Adult Protective Services, which investigates reports of abuse, neglect, or exploitation of vulnerable adults. And so that's one unit within DLP, the Division of Licensing and Protection. The other unit within DLP is Survey and Certification, who license and monitor health care facilities. So really anything... And do background checks with people, too? No, not within DLP. Individual facilities are required to do background checks, for example, but things like skill nursing facilities, residential care homes, assisted living residences, hospitals, home health providers, those sorts of providers that are under regulation from Survey and Certification. So those are the two units within DLP. What are the misconceptions around people with special needs when people first meet them? Or sometimes when we're dealing with employment and people with disabilities, some people don't want to work with challenged individuals. So go ahead. You didn't want to say that? No, absolutely. I think there can be... I mentioned before othering, like, oh, those people. That's a bad way of looking at it. It is. And I think some inherently held stereotypes or assumptions that are just wrong. I think sometimes there can be the assumption that a person with a disability is not capable or competent when, in fact, that is not the case. And it's, you know, sometimes... Why is it that people think that people with special needs are incompetent? Is there a reason behind that? Or is it just ignorance? You know, I think... I'm sure it varies by situation and by person. And, you know, I don't think that there's kind of a one-size-fits-all answer for that. But I think, you know, part of the work that has been done and continues to need to be done by all of us is kind of working to break that down. So to reflect that people who have a disability are just as important to the hearts of our communities. And just as capable of doing a lot more than one might think. Exactly. Yes. Well, I would like to thank you for joining me on this edition of Abledon on Earth. For more information on Dale, you can go to www.dale.vermont.gov forward slash services. So again, it's www.dale.vermont.gov forward slash services. And for more information on what you've seen today and on other programs of Abledon on Earth, you can go to www.orkamedia.net. That's www.orkamedia.net. Again, thank you Commissioner Monica White for joining us on this edition of Abledon on Earth. I'm Lauren Cider. See you next time. Associated Press Media Editors, New York Power Online Newspaper, U.S. Press Corps Domestic and International, Anchor FM and Spotify. Partners for Abledon on Earth include Yechad of New York and New England, where everyone belongs, the Orthodox Union, the Division for the Blind and Visually Impaired of Vermont, the Vermont Association for the Blind and Visually Impaired, Center Vermont Habitat for Humanity, Montefiore Medical Center of the Bronx, Rose of Kennedy Center of Bronx, New York, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of the Bronx. Abledon on Earth has been seen in the following publications, Manchester Times, www.thisisthebrunks.com, New York Power Online Newspaper, Muslim Community Report, www.h.com and the Montpelier Bridge. Abledon on Earth is part of the following organizations, the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, the Boston, New England Chapter and the Society of Professional Journalists.


Today should be a glorious day for Nintendo fans the Super Nintendo classic edition released Golf story just released yesterday. We're on the tail end of 18 new games releasing for the switch We just had this positive news in a video. You can watch up here That was all about how switches software situation in year one is breaking records for Nintendo systems And everything seems to generally be going well for Nintendo. It doesn't mean there hasn't been issues You know the voice chat even though they did patch some things with that So some issues with communication on switch and everything is not perfect But this is a better very very good year for Nintendo, especially for Nintendo switch But Nintendo couldn't just let sleeping dogs lie. They had to do something today that can directly affect us potentially and Is going to affect all Nintendo content creators and it's going to affect you guys as well Let me read this little email that I printed off. I might throw up a screenshot of it of What Nintendo sent me this morning? Then this is an update on the Nintendo creators program something we haven't talked a lot about It says thank you for using the Nintendo's creator program We have updated the Nintendo's creator program user guide with information on how revenue generated during live stream broadcasts on YouTube Will be handled in the Nintendo creators program Livestreaming on YouTube falls outside of the scope of the Nintendo creators program This means that you cannot broadcast content on YouTube live From the account you have registered to the Nintendo creators program Please check the user guide for details. Thank you for your ongoing support of the Nintendo creators program as YouTube continues to evolve We will work to provide you timely information to help you manage your account with the Nintendo creators program In short Nintendo is saying that if you use their creators program, which a lot of youtubers do Because we don't have a choice really there's some of my videos that have been ran through that creators program that You cannot live stream Nintendo games on YouTube. That's what they're saying as for what the punishments are they infer That the fact that you cannot do it means one you can get kicked out of the Nintendo creators program Which would take all your revenue away from all the videos that you have registered through it and Two they could go as far as to get your account shut down for for going against this because again Nintendo does own all the the copyrights and all the legal rights to the games So they do not want you live streaming it They can shut it down though this obviously some of this might be in response to the PewDiePie situation where the developers of a particular indie game went after PewDiePie because of how their feelings on how he's been acting and we're gonna take away DMCA claim all his videos on that game And try to get it so PewDiePie could no longer live stream that game as well And they had every legal right to do that, but Nintendo is doing this blanket thing They're not targeting an individual youtuber that's causing problems They're targeting every single Nintendo youtuber that exists Because all of us at one point or another are probably using the creators program even if we're not using the creators program Nintendo's claiming our content anyways and So yeah, basically Nintendo is saying sorry you live stream our games We can get your account shut down on YouTube That's what this all boils on and you could say I'm overreacting But I'm really not because this is what it means when when Nintendo puts out a blanket statement saying you literally cannot use Our games in live streams that that's what it means It means that they will the only way to to prevent you from doing that is to take action against your channel And that's just oh man is that so frustrating as a content creator and For some people this might not matter that just means The Nintendo does clarify in their FAQ that you could that this only applies to YouTube So, you know if you're a youtuber you can just push your audience over to twitch and you can live stream on twitch But there's also this caveat that since obviously Streaming on YouTube has gotten more popular YouTube itself. I actually find YouTube's streaming platform better than twitch is you can stream at higher quality Users don't have to subscribe to you or you don't have to have so many subs on your thing To make users be able to select quality so like I can stream at 1080p But if you can only watch at 480p, that's fine You can do that twitch is kind of a stickler about that kind of thing So like I can't really stream at 1080p on twitch because there's a lot of people that won't be able to actually Stream my stream, which is a problem Twitch itself has some issues with which is a great platform I have nothing against twitch But there's also this the reason that I think YouTube streaming is really blown up is that you don't have to divide your audience for your content delivery Right. I want to still live stream games for you I still want to create all these videos that I do but I don't want to have to I can stream the twitch I have streamed a twitch in the past, but I don't want to have to tell my YouTube audience Hey, look I'm live streaming you want a live stream. I got to make a quick video here and tell you hey Go over to our twitch channel tonight and watch this live stream. I don't want to have to do that I shouldn't have to do that I should be able to stream right here on the same platform that I'm putting videos up on and YouTube lets you do that Nintendo's taking your right to do that away. So obviously, what does that mean for me? What does that mean for us? What does that mean for our live streams? Well, I'm still going to try to live stream. I don't know what Nintendo is gonna do I don't know if they're gonna shut down my channel You know, I'm going through this it says the update of Nintendo's creators program user guide So maybe if I stop using the Nintendo creators program, this will no longer apply to me. Maybe I don't know I never really officially joined the creators program. I've only submitted individual individual videos into it So I have used it I rarely use it if anything I try to create content that works around the creators program So I don't need to use it so I could just you know deal with all the revenue side of things on my own I don't really know what's going to happen. All I know is me as a content creator I'm going to continue streaming Nintendo games right here on YouTube until Nintendo does something to my account That makes me not able to do that anymore And I really hope that doesn't happen and the thing is this affects people Nintendo even works with right? Nintendo works with content creators like CND and you know Lamar Wilson and if they live stream Nintendo games now They could you know in theory have their channel get shut down now is Nintendo going to go as far as the Effect people that they like to directly work with probably not they probably have those kind of content creators even game explain I don't know white list where they can pretty much do whatever they want I mean we see game explain upload video game trailers, which Nintendo definitely doesn't want you to do But again, if you make it to that white list you could do whatever basically You're an ambassador for Nintendo at that point. We're not a Nintendo ambassador we're Nintendo fans here at Nintendo Prime and When they make policies like this it just infuriates me as a content creator it Nintendo The creators program is bad enough Mostly because even if I wanted to abide by it like if I if I cancel my contract with BBTV and just join the Nintendo creators program full-time I can only do the games that they let me do I can't I can't talk well I can talk about but I can't show gameplay of any games that aren't on the white list Which by the way a majority of Nintendo's classic library of games are not on the white list So I wouldn't be able to show you most of Nintendo's content over the years that sucks even some of their new content I can't show you I wouldn't be able to show you things like from Ubisoft or all these third-party companies Without Nintendo taking money from it and does Nintendo have any rights to those videos? No, but they would if I fully joined the Nintendo's creator program anything I created that didn't have Nintendo gameplay Nintendo would also take a 30% cut Which by the way is worse than my contract with BBTV and BBTV They give me stuff in return right Nintendo's creator program is a program that they just Allow you they allow you to make revenue That's all Nintendo creators moment. It doesn't give you access to games It doesn't give you any other benefits other than we will revenue share with you We will allow you to use gameplay footage and if you fully join our Our program and make it so every videos, you know under falls under the creator program thing Then we will we will allow you to create content But we're always going to claim 30% of revenue giving nothing to return So you could create a podcast as an example like we do that has no gameplay footage and Nintendo will just take a 30% cut And you get nothing in return from Nintendo Whereas with BBTV I get access to specific apps that I use through Chrome that helped me with my videos and helped me work on tagging I get I have one-on-one personal training right now that I every two weeks I'm in a class that that helps me improve the quality of my videos and quality of my thumbnails the quality of my titling Uh, I have it. I'm in audience growth programs. I have direct contact with youtube now. I did not have that before uh, but through uh Through BBTV they've got me in contact with youtube so I could talk to people at youtube about how to help my videos Stop getting claimed by nintendo or stop getting claimed by x y and z What workarounds I can do gameplay footage what workarounds I could do with this What workarounds I can do with that But in general most of my videos are not claimed by nintendo The thing is something gets claimed for my live streams live streams always get claimed And that's fine. I don't really live stream with the intent of making ad revenue anyways So that doesn't bother me that they claimed it. It's never bothered me It was never going to prevent me from live streaming nintendo games But this is something that literally nintendo saying no and because they have an automated system that's claiming my live streams I actually do worry that eventually nintendo is going to issue a dmca strike against my channel Uh, because I continue to live stream nintendo games. I don't know what's going to happen I don't know what the future means I don't know just because nintendo has the power to do this now doesn't mean that they're going to do it Uh, but the fact that nintendo is essential to say sorry you cannot live stream Uh, that that sucks. That's a shot And I love you nintendo. I want to work with you. I want to go to your events. I want to support you I want to keep showing off your games to the world And showing how much I love them or if i'm critical of them or they could get better But you're making it harder and harder for that to happen And it sucks And I as much as this makes me want to head on over to twitch and we do have a twitch at twitch.tv.com Dot com slash. I think it's uh nintendo prime tv Uh, I believe is the url. I'll have a link to it down in the description You can go over there and I'll try to put all of our live streams from youtube also on twitch Uh, and maybe even encourage people to go watch us on twitch more than they watch us on youtube I don't know but this is Because if I if I do end up getting the dmca strike, I am going to have to stop streaming on youtube So I guess now is the time for me to say hey go over and subscribe to our twitch channel I'm gonna have make sure every single live stream we do here at nintendo prime is on our twitch So if the day inevitably comes and I have to switch you guys will at least already be over on twitch Uh to enjoy that content anyways folks I am Nathaniel ruffles from nintendo prime if you like this video, you know what to do and if you dislike the video Hit that dislike button. I hope you guys are enjoying your snes classics today Your switches your 3ds is your we use your we use your ds is your whatever system you happen to be playing on If you're emulating whatever I don't support it, but if you're doing it, I hope you're having a good time love you guys Sucks nintendo's doing this, but whatever What am I gonna do right? I'll catch you guys in the next one


Welcome. We are very happy to be in Panama in this ninth edition of the World Economic Forum. We are celebrating the topic Opening Pathways to Shared Prosperity. We have developed a very complete program based on three pillars, economic dynamism, social innovation, and the importance of sustainable development in environmental issues and the modernization of economy and institutional infrastructure. We have here with us five of our six co-chairs. I must apologize for Mr. Stanley Motta, who is not here with us today in this session. He has been a great support for conducting this activity. This morning, here are Aran Chagonsales-Laya, Executive Director of International Freight Center from Switzerland, Mr. Arif Nakvi, Founder and CEO of the Brash Group of the United Arab Emirates, Fritz van Paschen, President and CEO of Starwood Resorts and Hotels. We also have Mr. Jorge Quijano, the Executive Director of the Panama Canal Authority, and Sir Martin Sorrell, Executive Director of WPP in the United Kingdom. Welcome and thank you very much for all your support and dynamic contribution to this session. I leave you now with Mr. Jorge Quijano. Thank you, Marisol. Thank you all for being here. It is a great pleasure for the Panama Canal Authority and for Panama, because after trying for so long to get the web to come and hold its forum here in Panama, as the President mentioned yesterday, this was a long process, took about five years, and we are very grateful for introducing Panama to you, introducing the Panama Canal to you and what we offer to the world and to this region specifically, as you know, we have been able to attain some 600, to get some 600 regional leaders and world leaders to participate. We truly have a lot of people from Europe and Asia. They represent more than 50 countries, and in particular, what pertains to the Panama Canal and to Panama itself. We are trying to work and showcase what Panama offers as a logistic center for the world to show our advances in infrastructure that we are working on and the possibilities with the specific issue of natural liquefied gas, energy, especially in that area of that new product that is becoming an export nowadays, specifically in the Gulf of Mexico area in the United States. Our country has a privileged position, and this is the one that allows us, provides us the opportunity to serve the world and to promote Panama as a motor for our logistics platform. We have maintained a level of growth throughout the last years of approximately eight percent. We see that Panama has attained through this, the Panama Canal as a motor, and the concomitant of the logistical opportunities. It has been able to represent a high percentage of the internal, the domestic growth product. And for Panama, this area is the one that is really a motor for our country. It provides great benefits for all Panamanians, so we would like to be great promoters. And we are accomplishing this through the Panama Canal expansion, not only when we are done with the expansion at that time, now we can see its impact on the Panamanian population, especially regarding employment. We have worked diligently not only to make the Canal a route, a path, but also to make Panama a destination for business. And this is exactly what the WEF allows us to showcase, so that all that are interested in doing business within an environment of growing economies, of those economies that are growing the most in the world at this time, it's the Latin American ones. And I believe that the presence of the WEF here ratifies that fact. And we consider that in the future, not only our nation, our Canal, but Latin America will use Panama as its location to open these economies. Thank you, Jorge. Arancia, first of all, I would like to share with you a warm thought regarding Chile for President Bachelet and what Chile underwent last night, an earthquake that, thanks to the higher power, it was not awful. Second to thank the WEF and Panama for its hospitality, I believe that we heard Mr. Quijano state the Panama's desire to become a model for other countries in the region. And I judge from the welcome we received at WEF were on the right path. The emphasis of the WEF, I would like to state, is on two pillars. Number one, the importance of secure, sustainable growth on a long-term basis. It's growth that comes with reforms to improve productivity, competitiveness of the economies in Latin America, to raise the size of the wealth of each of its countries. And I would like to highlight the role of trade. And it is not a matter of luck that we happen to be in Panama. It's a country that has embraced a model of opening trade. And the WEF presented its enabling trade report yesterday. It gave us an idea of the efforts that the WEF is conducting in this region to improve competitiveness and promote growth. Another element and important one that we must highlight is the role of small and medium-sized businesses in this growth, in productivity, and its improvement. There were many good discussions over how to do in each of our countries to improve the position of small and medium-sized businesses in the economy. We would also like to highlight the WEF's emphasis on empowering women economically. The enormous role that women can play in the creation of jobs, in generating growth, and in reducing poverty. I insist again on these topics. We need concrete ideas on how countries may include more women because they represent 50 percent or more of our country's societies in order to include women in a better manner and more within our economies. But we also would like to talk about improving competitiveness and also on improving the distribution of the benefits in our societies and to reduce the gap, the inequality gap that you see as one of the great risks for stability in our region, in Latin America. With this, thank you. Thank you again to the WEF for its hospitality and I am at your service. Thank you Arancha, Arief. Thank you very much for having me here and thank you for the WEF for organizing this. I'm delighted to be here in Panama. I've been here many times over the last few years and it's been a pleasure to see the progress of the country on a continuous and fairly relentless path forward. However, what is fair to say is that when you look at the entire region as a whole and Panama should be very pleased that it is hosting the WEF but it is doing so as almost like a mirror for the entire Latin America region and the last 20 years have seen a very radical change actually in the political, in the macroeconomic and the social structure environment in Latin America and this last 20 years has probably been more radical than the last 200 years. The most striking thing that I've seen in my knowledge or experience of this market is the rise of the middle class. The middle class in Latin America and its rise in the last decade has been remarkable. It's been striking and the region now has more people living in the middle classes than in poverty and this is a very, very important demographic shift that hasn't happened before. Also, of course, this continent and this area of Latin America has got some excellent demographics. It has a young, increasingly well-educated labor force, ready to take on new challenges and the most important element, sometimes when you live in the region you don't realize some of the things that we see from the outside. One of the most interesting things about this region is it is actually the most urbanized region in the world and therefore it offers a potential, enormous potential for higher growth. Four-fifths of the population of Latin America actually is now living in cities and there is a very rapid growth in tier two cities. Now, I'm sure all of you know that urbanization is one of the most incredible themes of this century and for the next 40 or 50 years going forward. Half of mankind today lives in cities. This is not a new statistic. We all know that, but what not all of us know is that we're increasing that number by about a million people a week across the world and that's the equivalent of eight New York cities a year and if you are so urbanized in this part of the world it actually means that Latin America has a head start over most of the regions in the world when it comes to urbanization because urbanization then lends us to the next big trend, which is the importance of cities at frankly the expense of countries and cities are going to become more relevant. The fact that you have so many tier two cities today mean that you have an assured growth market going forward into the future as well. We've seen the growth potential of this region. We've been investing in the region for a few years albeit in a small scale and we're now looking forward to expanding that enormously. We have a couple of investments that really prove the hypothesis that I've been making so far. ISAC Corp, which is a ladies clothing apparel business in the Andean region, Acurio restaurants both point to the fact that you can take Latin American businesses, grow them into regional businesses and eventually to global businesses and that's what we're very excited about. However the whole continent is not moving forward at the same pace. There's clearly a multi-speed Latin America that we're seeing emerging. Panama is by far and away the champion of this process. It's experiencing double digit growth and that's very exciting for all of us especially with its impending affiliation to the Pacific Alliance. I think the Pacific Alliance is also an extremely exciting development in this region. Once again it's important to know that the Pacific Alliance is already larger than Brazil in terms of population and is growing at twice the rate of Brazil. Now this is an important fact to know because these countries together collectively have a great purchasing power and a great economic capacity and I think it's very important for the rest of the world to focus on these countries rather than on acronym investing which is you know BRIC or MENTO, XYZ. Each of these countries has a great ability to outperform its neighbors and competitors and we're seeing a very positive outcome for this market. So that's why personally as an investor, as a foreign investor, I'm extremely excited to be here. I'm very pleased with the fact that it is happening in Panama which is one of the more dynamic economies in the region. A lot of my colleagues on the panel will be giving you a lot of statistics on why Panama is so exciting. I think that's a given as far as we're concerned and I'll leave you with one thought. Every region has a draw. Every region has a point that collectively pulls the region together and makes it exciting. So the Middle East region has Dubai. The Central Asian region has Istanbul. The Far Eastern region has Singapore and I'd like to say that I think going forward in the future it's going to be Panama that is going to catalyze the opportunities in the region and pull it together. So thank you for being here and I'm very excited to be here. Thank you very, very much. Fritz from Starwood's perspective, what can you share with us? Yes, thank you. I'd like to say first of all that I'm thrilled to be here, not least because there's still snow on the ground in New York. But I will tell you that today I'm here both as a guest to Panama but also as a host to you as this hotel, the Western Playa Bonita is one of 1200 hotels that we operate around the world. We're in a hundred countries. Some of the other brands of ours that you may have heard of or stayed with hopefully would be the Meridian, Sheraton, St. Regis, W and of course the West in here. Aloft is another brand of ours. It's expanding rapidly around the world and I can tell you from our vantage point that this is an extraordinarily exciting time in the high-end travel business and I say that both from a global perspective but also seeing that those same global trends are playing out in very positive ways in many countries throughout this region and those trends primarily have to do with the rising wealth and middle class. We heard a bit about that already and the consequence of that of course with urbanization, the creation of infrastructure but connected to that also the globalization of business largely enabled by technology and the increasing importance of travel not just as a leisure activity but as a way of connecting business and while technology in some ways may supplant travel, it has a much greater effect at creating a global business community and connecting people so we continue to see high-end travel growing even much faster than global GDP growth rates and of course here in Latin America the rise of the middle class, the focus on building infrastructure across cities, has been a catalyst for growth. Today we operate 80 hotels in Latin America, we see that number going to 100 in the next three years and that's a function largely of those very same trends. In many respects Panama and the Pacific Alliance has been referred or excellent examples of the way forward for the region. We have to go beyond being driven for growth by raw materials and see that trade and tourism by themselves can in fact be very important drivers both of wealth creation, of job creation but also of further opportunities. The formula for growth at least in the travel and tourism sector as played out here in Panama has to do with improving airlift, expanding infrastructure capacity, allowing for permitting and investment to create and build hotels, flexible labor laws that make it possible for us to hire and train a workforce and all of those things here in Panama have played out extraordinarily well. We've been operating in the region for 45 years, we've been in South America for over 40 years and the growth we've seen in the last decade, decade and a half here in Panama is extraordinary today we operate seven hotels in this country and see opportunities for continued growth so with that thank you. Thank you very very much Martin. Yeah okay last last but not least Martin Sorrell, CEO of WPP. We are currently the world's largest advertising and marketing services company. I'm going to talk a little bit about brand Latin America and a little bit about in that context brand Panama but before I do let me put it in perspective because just picking up on some of the things that Arif mentioned, some of which I agree with and some which I'm a little bit hesitant to agree with. I see Latin America or we see Latin America and WPP as being a very important part of our business. It's actually 1.7 billion dollars of revenue and 20,000 people now in Latin America out of a total of about 22 billion including our associates as companies we own 20 to 49 percent of and 175,000 people around the world but Latin America just to pick on what Arif said and this is where I think he referred to the mnemonics and the disadvantages of the sort of analysis that Jim O'Neill at Goldman Sachs when he was at Goldman Sachs talked about in terms of bricks and next 11 minutes but these are, Latin America is one of the regions on which we are if I can use this phrase betting the future of WPP. One third of our revenues as a whole come from Asia, Latin America, Africa in the Middle East and Central East in Europe and that is the growth engine of most of the multinational clients that we deal with and the growth engine obviously of local and regional clients that are based in that part of the world. If you look at our business Brazil is about half of that 1.7 billion and whether Latin Americans as a whole like it or not Brazil is the engine currently of Latin America and Brazil accounts as I say about half of Latin American GMP and when Brazil stutters which at the moment Brazil is exhibiting a slower rate of growth that has an impact on the rest of the region whether you consolidate the populations into Pacific alliances or trade agreements or not the danger of doing that is rather like the EU these are separate countries with different cultures and different philosophies it's often difficult to get them to behave in a unified way and they're not actually one market so Brazil is obviously critical in that in that respect. Brown Latin America in our view is in a fairly healthy state it has one or two challenges coming on which I will come on to but generally the trends that Arif in particular mentioned of urbanization the growth of the middle class one of the things he didn't mention was the growth of digital interestingly because of because of the growth of telecommunications mobile telecommunications in particular what we've seen is an acceleration of digital and digital media to an extent that we haven't seen maybe in some of the more traditional legacy countries and that we see mirrored in China in countries like China and India and the urbanization thing that Arif mentioned is very it's very important the sort of work that we've done with IBM for example on smarter planet and smarter cities embodies that so I would say this I would go back to to the launch of Brand Colombia that we we did in Cartagena with Luis Moreno president of the Inter-American Development Bank several years ago when we both talked about this being the decade of Latin America our business last year in Latin America grew like for like like for like excluding currency and acquisitions at 8% which compared with the worldwide growth rate of three and a half percent this year it's budgeted Latin America's budget to grow at 11% that's our businesses like for like excluding currency and acquisitions so we expect a stronger year and that certainly has been the case in the first couple of months of the year let me just turn quickly to brand Panama Panama to my mind could well be the Singapore of of Latin America and I would encourage people it's Singapore is slightly bigger at five million population but a very very integrated government and a very very integrated approach to economic development and I think some of the lessons of the growth of Singapore could be could be extremely useful in the context of brand Panama or development of Panama the developments of infrastructure the canal the airport I think will challenge Miami Miami has historically been a more convenient centre in many respects for many multinationals but I think we're starting to see the growth or the the greater examination of Panama at least as a regional headquarters and there are one or two shining examples of that happening already we think about Latin America certainly WPP is Brazil in this order Brazil Mexico Argentina Colombia Chile Peru those are the the key economies at the moment I just quickly go through them in terms of prospects brazil has slowed the critical thing in brazil is how the government and others execute I think execute on the world cup in a few months time and the Olympics 2016 clearly the the issue of inequality that's just been raised is is important in this context and there will be I think a certain amount of activism around both events drawing attention to the question as to whether such large investments should be made in these types of infrastructure at this particular point in time of the economic cycle having said that there are discrete legacy benefits that come from a world cup and particularly from an Olympics which I think have to be brought to people's attention in a more in a more articulate way but brazil basically we believe in the long term has very strong prospects Mexico with energy reform in December of last year we think is a very high growth prospect and the the president of Mexico will be here tomorrow and he will articulate it in a more effective way Argentina obviously has some challenges although our own view is that these challenges as in we've seen in the history of Argentina presents opportunities Colombia very strong post the elections the reelection of Santos and of course Chile in Peru Chile smaller about 14 million people stable economy but Peru very much a growth engine I would just mention Paraguay in parentheses it's a it's a forgotten country in the context of Latin America but we see increasingly interesting growth prospects driven by the commodity price boom that we've seen over the last 10 years just finally on the challenges brazil I've mentioned the economy has slowed and we have the Olympics and the World Cup Venezuela clearly there are big challenges there and and unrest and if you look at the fundamentals of Venezuela in terms of energy and energy supply they are extremely strong and one hopes that the Venezuelans will will will improve the prospects for the economy and the country because as I say the fundamentals are so strong and Argentina clearly major opportunities there in terms of human resources in our industry some of the strongest creative output in the world comes from Buenos Aires and Argentina but not just human resources natural resources too one thing I just mentioned finally which has not been mentioned our biggest challenge in these fast growth markets not just Latin America but Asia central eastern Europe and the Middle East and Africa in the fourth quarter of last year was in currencies the weakening of the fast growth currencies the softening of the brazilian rail the argentina argentinian currency the turkish lira the the the russian ruble all of them we saw devaluations in the q4 of last year of anywhere between 5 and 28 percent and these have to work their way through the system this is a result of the tapering that is threatened or coming from will inevitably come from the united states and the impact on the growth economies that is one of the biggest short-term issues that we face as a company but also I think as the region as a whole but having said all that our view on the growth prospects of the region and the constituent countries countries remains undimmed and we remain extremely bullish on Latin America and countries such as panama as well thank you very very much that has been a very thorough presentation of different perspectives on Latin America since we're very short in time I would like to invite you for three questions for those asking questions I just remind you be brief and be very clear about who you're addressing your question to see louise perfor yes louise please yes I wanted to know a little bit more about the can you Guillermo Martinez from la prensa panama I wanted to know a little bit more a little bit more about the social gap and specifically if you can talk about panama recently in january oxfam published a report in which it showed that one percent of the world was keeping half of world's wealth and in that report it showed that I'm sorry that the policies that governments are developing are addressed to that one percent of the world's population I wanted to know what's your intake on that do you have that same idea and could you say how that works for panama who are you addressing your question to in general to you miss or get that and if possible to mr sorrell and mr quijano as well thank you I can answer part of the question remember that the panama canal is not necessarily acting as the government we are an engine for enhancing national economy we do not make decisions in regards to where the investments go I believe that the appreciation that you made is very valid the numbers or figures that you mentioned are global numbers and not necessarily the situation in panama so I believe we're all working towards contributing in the particular case of the panama canal every day we want to give more not just in sense of the direct contribution made by the canal but also we would like to be an engine behind the economy so that there's a better distribution of wealth through employment because it's not just about subsidizing it's also about finding a way to give opportunities so that everybody can be productive in the subsidized environment when you just give without giving any jobs to people that doesn't make the country more productive and in order to have that sustainability level that we spoke about here we have to be a very productive country and I don't mean that we need to have big companies I'm saying that we need to have that engine of job creation and we need to make our efforts like any other government in Latin America and the world so that we can have the opportunities to have more balance I add to that as well just as a spokesperson for the travel and tourism industry we represent nearly 10 percent of global GDP and and employment at the same time and what is I think a positive influence of our industry especially is that we create jobs in distributed locations across geographies so second tier cities as well as capital cities and at the same time in doing that we do it at probably the lowest cost per unit of investment it's the most cost effective way for countries to create jobs and opportunities also at entry levels and many of our senior executives started by their first job coming into the global workforce by coming into the travel and tourism sector and so we see ourselves as a force for positive growth today we employ about 10,000 people in our hotels throughout Latin America and we would see that number going to 12 or 13,000 and that's just our hotels and of course the small and medium enterprises that are again stimulated by the presence of hotels and the influx of capital and cash that comes with the growth of travel and tourism we see as a force for improving the social situation throughout this region and also in many of the fast-growing markets around the world just Arif I think said it very well one of the the benefits I mean for example if you look at China if you look at India if you look at Russia if you look at Brazil literally hundreds of several hundred millions of people have been brought out of poverty into the middle class and that has happened in you know in the case of China from Deng Xiaoping's famous speech in 1985 so you've seen an industrial revolution which has drawn agrarian countries primarily agrarian countries into industrialized countries in a very short unprecedented short period of time and has created the sort of tertiary industry I was in China last week for a week at the China Development Forum where this point about tertiary uh tertiary service sectors like our own like the travel and tourism industry are becoming more important however I do agree with the point behind your question what has happened since layman since the near financial collapse that we saw in September 2008 is a world of cheap money and there are two aspects of government policy that have to some extent created what you're talking about that is the the half of percent the one percent that owns if it's half or whatever the proportion of the world's wealth there and the firstly cheap money has benefited probably the rich more than the poor the second thing is when I left school university in the 60s that the prime focus of government policy was maintaining full employment that is not the prime purpose of government policy anymore the prime purpose of government policy in most countries of the world is to prevent inflation and it's the rate of unemployment that an economy will suffer at zero close to zero inflation that's the critical issue and you see rates of unemployment which are extremely high for example in Spain 25 percent general unemployment 50 percent amongst youth and where I think you're absolutely right is that this is an untenable situation uh in the longer term that if you have 50 percent or even 25 percent or even 15 percent which you tend to have is say in the UK or the USA of youth unemployed that is socially unacceptable and and the problem is in the private sector there's too much of an aversion to risk multinational companies sit on about 4.2 million trillion dollars of cash net cash relatively unleberaged balance sheets post layman and the reason is they are unwilling to take risk risk taking risk is the only way that we will generate jobs not just in the small business sector which has been referred to before but in the bigger industrial sector too and I think there's a critical issue so the answer to your question is I think it's half wrong because we have seen a a social revolution and it's half right because it particularly in the short term in in the last five six seven years we've seen inequality developing to uh I think an unsustainable degree well if we if we'd had more time this would have been a fabulous debate my Martin because although largely I agree with you obviously there's some areas of disconnect the one thing that I do want to say to you when you ask that question is that you know this whole exercise around quantitative easing is actually a reflection of governments in 2008 as Martin referred to it actually realizing and recognizing that this problem was too large too structural and too unsustainable so you know what we did we kicked the problem down the road okay by increasing the liquidity in the system to incredibly unsustainable levels we've actually deferred the problem today after tomorrow not even tomorrow and the reason why we got there in the first place was frankly greed all of us were guilty of greed we're now at a point where 47 countries around the world are going to be having elections in the coming 12 months and what that means is that we're entering an era of populism okay because no government wants to take the hard measures that are necessary including the slowing down of quantitative easing in order to be able to address and reflect some of the issues that they need to focus on so again we're not going to have any of that so we will continue to live in cheap money and we will continue to live in the era where businesses will be able to access cash and like Martin said they'll essentially be saving their own cash and borrowing cheap money now what all of this is telling me is actually something else that I refer to as the hunger of liquidity liquidity finds its way into some very very weird places and some very weird outcomes so for example Turkey is a country where we've all known for 10 years that the Turkish current account deficit is frankly unsustainable it's at 90 percent but why is it that all of a sudden this year there's this massive run on the currency again going to back to a point that you mentioned and all of a sudden people are beginning to get concerned about the resilience of the Turkish economy the reality is that the hunger for liquidity has moved elsewhere and people are now beginning to look at the Turks as being a politically unsustainable system so politics finance and society today are coming together in a way that is absolutely unintangible unintangible you know what I'm trying to say unravelable and and we're in a scenario which is very interesting because the world is becoming more globalized so I think we should watch the space we haven't finished the issues around social change yet lucy do we have time for one last question probably one very short and a very short answer just to conclude Alicia Gonzalez from El País Spain my question is very specific to mr. Quijano you have spoken of the importance of the enhancement of the canal what is the economic impact of the delay in such works and do you believe that this final agreement will be the last one and is the new date that has been set the final date yes any kind of delay in the works will definitely constitute for us a cost an additional cost because we expected that before the end of this year we would be aligned with our new canal so the impact is significant we estimated that for the first year due to the lack of operation of such structures will represent about three hundred three hundred million dollars for the Panama Canal yearly on the other hand if the agreement that we have reached is the final one well I can say that I hope that this new commitment on behalf of the Panama Canal and not just the contractor who we deem are very serious and that is a legally binding document we hope that they understand that they are exposed to any lawsuits in the event that they breach such agreement we know that there have been different moves made by both parties to reactivate the works we are not at a hundred percent at this time but today we are at least having the production levels that we had back in October and back in November and way beyond the levels that we had in December January and definitely in February when it completely stopped so we believe that the solution that has been found for this issue has been the most reasonable one given that at this point the contractor still has a space to set any claims that they might have and as we have insisted since October November and December everything had to be done according to the contract and so the Panama Canal would always be facing any contractual obligations that we might obtained against third parties thank you very much we now conclude this press conference


So I was reading this really interesting website and I was reading a section about trans sisters and how they can connect together one stage to another stage for like small amplifier circuits like this one. I built the circuit and it seems to work. I'm speaking to just a regular atome speaker and that is going into the capacitor into the base of the first transistor. That signal is amplified and passed to the emitter of the second transistor. But I'm not exactly sure that it actually starts like that because there's another way of looking at this. And that's that the load resistor on transistor one which I'll show you in a minute and I'll show you the circuit. But the load resistor on transistor one has evolved to go through. That is connected to the base of the second transistor and the load resistor is connected to the collector of the first transistor. But there's also a tap going to the base of the second transistor which then allows current to flow from the collector to through the emitter of the second transistor. There's a feedback resistor coming from the emitter of the second transistor which then feeds into the base of the first transistor. There's also a capacitor connected to the emitter to ground of the second transistor. And that acts as, well, like a shock absorber. But there's quite a high gain to go between these two transistors as there's no coupling capacitor. This is what they call direct coupling. And so having that capacitor there, it just keeps control over the gain. Because it takes time to charge and discharge. Now I don't know, I don't think that's the best overview of how this little circuit works. Because on the website it's described in much more detail and much better than what I just said. I'll show you the circuit. That's what I was speaking into. I don't know if you can see that's connected to the negative side of that 10-mic capacitor. And it's connected to the ground of the circuit. We've been powered at 6 volts from over there. And, well, I'm just going to show you how it's laid out there. I've just, like, put it out. And I'm going to show you the circuit on the webpage. This is another circuit from a fantastic... You know, if you want to get into learning electronics, this is a fantastic website. I'm getting so much information from here. And this is the circuit. The website is called TalkingElectronics.com. This belongs to a chap called Colin Mitchell. I would really advise you to all suggest that you should Google Colin Mitchell, TalkElectronics, and, you know, watch some videos that have been done with him and Davey off the EV blog. But, yeah. It's just a lamp circuit. But it works. Well, it seems to... It definitely does the job. A very small signal that's happening here as I'm talking. And this is moving. And the coil that's wrapped around this moves into the magnetic field. And, you know, it breaks up flux lines and causes a current. It's very small. Two millivolts peak-to-peak voltage, I should say. And then when it comes out of this side, as you can see on the scope, it's taken up three to four, but clipping on four of the... of the division boxes. The most division boxes. And now we're getting batteries low. That's brilliant, because that thing's been on for absolute hours. That's doing quite well. It's doing quite well, actually. I quite like this scope. Four hours of continuous use. Four hours to charge your backup again. Using, of course, the old batteries from the solar panel over there. The other one's gone. That went over the weekend. Oh, that's it. A nice little beep, though. Not a nasty, like you get on some of these things. But anyway, there you go. I just want to share a little circuit. It works. I'm going to give myself a thumbs up for that. I've got a lot to learn about these things. There is so much to learn. There's lots and lots of pages just about this and how this works. Lots and lots of pages, but... Yeah. I don't normally say this, but if you like, you know, if you like this sort of thing, from a complete novice, I'm a novice. I'm nearly one year in to this, so I'm an enthusiast. But if you like this sort of thing, give us a thumbs up, subscribe, and I'll try and put out at least one or two videos. Even though I know they're not very good, but they'll get better. That's all I can do, really. I'm hoping these get better. So, cheers for watching.