To be with you again, welcome to another episode of Youth and Politics. Today, we've got two guests with us, and I'm going to introduce them in a bit, just after I tell you our social media handle. I'd like you guys to know that you can reach out to us. You can join the conversation on Twitter, that is Y254Channel, as well as Facebook, Y254Channel, and Instagram, Y254 underscore channel. Please continue to converse with us. We'd love to hear your views. And now to our guests. I'd love to introduce you to our first one. Bernard Wakoli. Bernard Wakoli. Bernard Wakoli, please tell us what you do. Okay, I'm a political expert and governance and political expert. Okay, governance and political expert. Okay, you're in the right place. We're glad to have you. Thank you very much. And our second guest. Yeah, my name is Kaisu. I'm not new here. I'm a journalist here at Y254. And again, I'm a student leader. I lead all my students at the University of Nairobi. You lead all my students at the University of Nairobi.  I'm a journalist here, yes. By the way, I've seen you. So I'm glad to have you on the same table. Thank you. Karibu Nisana. Yes. So today we're actually going to start off with something that I think a lot of Kenyans have been quite passionate about, and it's been on the tongue of many people, the VC resigning and making his views clear that he does not want our DP to vie into 2022 elections. And I wanted to ask how exactly you feel about that. And although it has been going through a process, what do you feel this means? What do you think is behind all of this? Do you feel like there's a motive? There's something funny about Kenyan politics, Joy. Something funny. Yeah, that politics starts immediately after elections. Like, when did we do elections? They are barely one year in office, yes. And politics is already hot, and it is hot. Hot like you can drop it if you catch it. Like we have elections next month or something. You know, USA is doing its election next year, 2020. And there's no active politics in USA now. They're waiting for the right time. But as in Kenya, there's politics all through. Every day. Like after swearing in of those who've taken office, politics starts immediately. So that is what is funny about Kenya. That is what is not there about Kenya. Yes. So it is what now should be addressed. That is now the way of Kenya. So we understand it's our unique attribute. Yes, okay. And how about you? What's your... Thank you very much for having me here today, and welcome viewers. In my considered opinion, I feel failing to plan is planning to fail. And electro-cycle, just to depart from what my colleague is talking about, electro-cycle starts immediately after casting your vote. And for any serious politician, you start planning the five years from the time a ballot paper is cast. The moment you vote, that's when you start looking for the life span of the five-year span. So any serious politician should now be organizing himself for raising resources, planning his teams, if you want to buy for the 2022 seat. You don't wait till 2019 or 20, then you wake up from sleep somewhere and say you want to buy for a political seat. So it's normal, it's obvious for anybody who is interested and who is serious about running for a political seat to start organizing himself. Looking at the Murad issue, I saw it coming because when you look at the formation of jubilee, jubilee was not like established as a single party. This is a conglomeration of many political parties that came together. Others like the Kaleem Mendele's party were swallowed and now Kaleem Mendele is nowhere to be seen. But the major parties were URP and TNA that came together to form the jubilee party. So all these people have interests and you remember Ruto's party was actually the third majority party in the URP was the third and it has a lot of stake in jubilee. So for a vice chairman or sector general, the sentiments of Tuju and for your information, Tuju is also on the chopping board. He might also be going very soon because these are people who hold so much stake in jubilee and I've seen people have started revamping Muruban parties like DP and PNU in preparation for the 2022 elections. And this could be another vehicle for those who feel disgruntled in jubilee to live jubilee and join PNU and DP. But it's normal again for coalition when you look at the history of coalition formations from 1992 when Ford came into place, then there were Wrangles, then they split from Ford Kenya to Ford Asili, Ford people also came. Then we came to 2002 head NAC, NAC also after election it split. Then we had PNU towards 2007. PNUs after the elections it also died, slotted but still existing in paper. Then we have the jubilee. So what's happening in jubilee is not uniquely jubilee affair but it's because of the kind of politics and the nature of politics of our environment. We tend to form political parties as special vehicles to take us through a certain electoral process and once we are done with that process, once we are reached there, then we don't see the value of this party. So it's political realignments have started and we are going to see March from moving forward. We are going to see big weeks shifting goalposts and looking for relevance in other political parties. We are going to see other coalitions coming up. So for you are hearing rumors of Kanu, Amani coalition and maybe HODM and all those other parties coming together, then you see DPs also going to come up with these own formations and the coalitions of like-minded political players. So as we move towards 2022, I think we are expecting so much politically in terms of political realignments. Yes and something you mentioned I found interesting just before I moved to you. So you're saying that Kenya as a whole, our politics is based on coalitions and those coalitions have been forming and breaking and that's exactly what is happening, especially with the case that we are talking about. So just to come again about that issue, I think our coalitions as we stand now, the nature of our political formations are established on ethnic and regional basis. And once then we have this person, a figure person, I call them personality kind of personality syndrome in politics. So when these people come together and they set up regional kingpins, in the name of those people carrying the aspirations of the other, the rest of the region or the larger community, so these people come together and form the so-called coalitions. But these coalitions are mainly formed because of interest and on a quick sand that at the end of the day, if these big weeks don't agree at the helm, then they insolve. And we have always been reminded about MOUs that are never fulfilled. We are reminded of people hiding other cards under the table, placing such kind of things. So it's all about interest. People call political coalitions marriages. I don't feel it's good. Yes, they are not marriages because they break marriages at least last. But these arrangements don't last. Like, where is NASA? Where is NAC? Like what he was saying, they are not all there. So I think it's just somebody called politics a game of many possibilities. Although there are no permanent enmity, no permanent friendship, there are only permanent interests. So if you believe interfering with somebody's interest, future interest, and is in a position to break it, that is now what is happening. In fact, I wanted to read for you something here MOUra tweeted. Yes, please go ahead. MOUra. He said, Jubilee Party was a big tent with two poles, one called Uru Kenyatta and another one, Ruto. Akamel came in in the name of handshake and tore the tent apart slowly, but surely. Now we have two teams, Tim Keleweke and Tim Tangatanga. There are two teams here. So he's saying, don't cry too much, Jubilee orphans. This came, this is a come with stay, like relationship, which culminated into a one night stand. And now the marriage is falling apart. That's what he's saying. So you know, when you hear people like MOUra saying this, and in fact, this guy, the guy who just resigned is called, who, the vice, MOUra. Yeah.  Oh, there's someone in the back. That's controlling. Yeah. And there's a lot of testing water in politics. Somebody's testing waters. Somebody's like, or even preparing people at their backyards, like he said, they are kingpins. So the kingpins are preparing people at their backyards that should be prepared for this. Right. And once it serves a purpose, like you were saying, it breaks apart. Yeah, it's just like tissue paper. After you sing it, you forget about it. Okay. Yeah, it's immense. It's immense history. You have very interesting analogies, just like tissue paper. And also like what the tweet that you just read, by the way. And I want to move on to something that is a bit different. There were remarks that Moses Korea made regarding the development in Mount Kenya. And these remarks were directed to our president. And you know, people felt as if, ah, you shouldn't have said these things. You know, it's, it's a little unprofessional of you to express your views in this way. But he was also getting support from some people who thought that what you're saying is true. And there's no reason why you should hide the truth and the truth should be spoken. Now those two opposing views, I also have two guests over here. And I'd like to hear your views about what those remarks mean to you as a citizen of this country. I am his junior. So I would like to start so that it will be happening. The juniors talk first then they sing. If they defeat the president and the president, depute the president talks first, then the president. But what a tato. What a tato. Okay. You fought for your position. Go ahead. Moses Korea is a sanguine. A sanguine or personality change. In psychology, they are sanguins and melancholic. Melancholic think what they want to speak first, synthesize it, then speak it after it's been synthesized. Sanguins. I see where you're going. Sanguins speak, then think, oh, what have I said? So that's what Moses Korea is. It's a sanguine and it's a political sanguine. Like we will speak. And then how many apologies of Moses Korea have we had? So many of them. He will speak. And I think he's excited by the crowd. When the crowd is like, yes, yes, the more yes you give him or the more yes you give him, the more he will speak out of what he planned to speak. So I think he really didn't plan to speak what he spoke. He just spoke because of the crowd and because he speaks, then thinks what he has spoken. So you think he didn't mean what he said? Yeah, he didn't mean it. He didn't mean it. Because you can't say that Central has been or Kenya has been marginalized. Yes. When all the senior positions in the government, you hear the Kikuyu names, the Meru names and all that. In fact, it's only handshake that is bringing other names now. But before that, and the entirely 2013, it was like a Kikuyu and a college in government entirely. Certain ethnic groups. Yes. So yes. So you can't say that some place has been marginalized when all the names are there. So I think he didn't mean it. So just excitement like to please the crowd. Right. That's my type. Okay. Oh, thank you very much for bringing in a very serious discussion. And I feel there has been a lot of disquiet from the Mount Kenya region in terms of a performance of the performance of the government. You know, during campaign there were those excitements. You had slogans like Kumira Kumira and you know, those kind of things that people could even carry the sequence from the hospital to gun vote. There was a lot of excitement in the name that the hopes were, expectations were high in the imagination that after the Jubilee government takes power and the foundation that Uhuru and Ruta had made in 2013, 2017, then is going to continue with those kind of development. Then they are realizing that even in 2013, 2017, the Jubilee government might have concentrated so much in terms of infrastructure development in other parts than, you know, what Kibaki did in central. So there has been that disquiet and okay, they are mamas because you need to protect the king. You don't want to expose the king's nakedness and say, okay, our king is naked. But looking from the sentiments coming from even when you go to, to people doing, you know, petty merchandises and selling on the streets, you listen to them, they will tell you how hard this government has been to even small businesses.  And another thing just to support what my colleague is talking about, the issue of sharing government resources and, you know, sharing government positions and appointments. Yes, there have been an increasing level of people from Central Kenya, Old Mount Kenya region and Kalenjin Plam government positions. Other regions are given as a token, like, you know, just pick somebody, some names who are not even, you know, to feel a regional balance to make the government look like, you know, but people were appointed to represent those regions. Members of those regions don't feel well represented in the government and say, and who is that? Where did he come from, you know? And who knows him? We have never even heard about him, you know. So it does not, these people do not connect with the population that they hope to, to represent. Another thing, looking at the Moses Kuri statement, it might have used one stone to beat two birds, you know. And one thing that's coming up from so many people is that maybe Kuri is trying to set up a scenario where another Kikui Preznejo candidate will come in and they will say, okay, you can see even who was there, but because they were so, so, was there and we did not benefit, we did not get any development. So having another Kikui Preznejo as no problem, we can, yeah, we don't benefit. They will give example for Baringo, you see. People in Baringo, Moe was in power for 24 years, they are still eating, you know, wild berries and, you know, they are always starving. So, so that we say, okay, then as a candidate, you don't need, president doesn't have so much powers, you know, you can be president, but you don't benefit at the expense of other communities. And at the same time, now looking at the political gameplay between Ruto and the Uru people, it might be preparing a way for for Ruto's ascension to power and say, okay, our people did not benefit so much from Uru, so we can support Ruto because from another community who has been working, then it will bring benefit to us. So it might be a two way scenario looking at his statements, but entirely speaking, it's something that is talked quietly within the Mount Kenya region. I've been to several parts. You can't see a significant development. When you were there, you don't see any significant difference? Yeah, yeah, you don't see anything. Apart from these waivers of the coffee farmers where it goes and says, okay, we are going to waive the, you know, the loans that are owned by farmers, we are going to pay so and so, you know, such kind of things. But you don't see a serious infrastructure like a serious road development, a serious, you know, factor being set up, a serious, you know, those kind of things. So maybe and even looking at his own constituency where most curators and MP roads, they are very pathetic, you know, and this and yesterday saw some banners saying this is President Kinyata's, you know, county and constituency, then, you know, you know, people feel disgusted and feel there's so much disappointed and feel disquiet and also adding to the economic hardships, you know, some people feel okay.  They're also going to be taxed at 15% of their annual gross income. So when you look at those things that the policies that Ura is coming up with, actually it's not meant for a common, a common one-in-year. No, I like what is happening. The fact that somebody can be like, feel dissatisfied that their person is not developing their backyards. I think it will ease the political tension and that it's our son, our man, our person from our tribe kind of politics. Yeah, because people will ultimately understand that the fact that your son is in power doesn't mean it will be more developed than other areas. Yeah, so that people will start be looking at policies, at manifestos, at some other substantial things, like, you know, Kenyan politics is still so weak and our democracy is just like still a drama that people can complain, even Moses Kuri himself can complain that we are not being developed, but when Uru will now, President Uru will now buy again as somebody maybe from coast, he will forget all that and say, our son, our son is buying, yes. So the fact that people will realize that our backyards, that the backyards of those who are in power are not much developed than other parts of the country, now will bring like now mature politics to Kenya. I encourage it. In fact, Moses Kuri should expose more of what is not happening in the backyards of Uru. But in the beginning you said he didn't mean what he said. Yeah, I know. But now you are, it's like you're in support of what he said. It didn't mean it, but it's good. But it's good anyway. There's some kind of importance to what he said. It should do more, this ultimate importance into that. People will see that the fact that your person is in power doesn't mean you'll benefit more. So you get to see the man behind the tribe. I wouldn't think of doing a story of President Uru's neighbor who is very poor. So that people will see that the fact that your person is in power, so that people will choose like I can choose a Giriyama to be a president if he present to me a better manifesto than our guy from my case, Baba. For your case. Well, thank you for letting us know your case. I'm just seeing a really big rift in the Jubilee party as we started to discuss in the beginning. And I just wanted to ask what this means for Kenya because as time, like you said, it's only been a year, even barely. As time continues to go, we've just, I mean, right now they're falling apart. How is it going to be in the years to come? And the disquiet you're talking about, do you think it's actually going to turn into something more than just disquiet? Will it maybe cause some kind of security unrest in your opinion? And do you think these political oppositions, or do you find that the opposition is no longer an opposition anymore? Because in my view, the opposition is no longer an opposition. There are just so many oppositions until, yeah, the original opposition is no longer an opposition anymore. What does this mean for our country? Joe, you have asked so many questions. Go together. But I'll start from the point of the experiences or what's happening in Jubilee party. As I said in the beginning, this is not uniquely Jubilee. It's something that happens throughout the electro cycle of every elector here, especially when the time of the president is coming to an end. There's that struggle for power. People want to take over succession politics is also at play. Then when you look at Jubilee government, Jubilee party, as it is, it was a marriage of convenience arising from the 2007, the experiences of 2007. So 2013 elections was held in terms of ethnic mobilization and as a deterrent of what, a repeat of what happened in 2007. So these people, the two big weeks, who are also in the ITs at the ICC, mobilized their backyard, their political followers and ethnic groups in the name that if you don't elect us, then we are going to be jailed. And it was very clear we are the masses of you guys. If we elect as president and deputy, then we can defend ourselves.  And it really whipped the emotions of people leading to the elections. Now that 2017 was a bit was a bit in terms of mobilization, but we have had cases of maybe electoral malpractices and so on. And Wu was worried to be a one-term president in the east of Kenya. And he wanted support. He really, really wanted, he really wanted this support from other regions. So he was elected. And after election, during campaign, he was saying, okay, I'll be there for this term only. Then I leave. These are promises he made publicly. Then for another term, it will be William Ruto to take over for 10 years. So he prepared Ruto supporters emotionally. They knew after Wuru, we are the ones who are going to take over this leadership. Then when you look at even that period, when there was these repeat elections, and ODM or NASA was agitating for a view of the electoral system and saying, okay, let's review the electoral management system so that we can have a fair playing ground. Wuru said, don't discuss with me issues of electoral management. That one you will discuss with Ruto after my term ends. So in all his sentiments, he has assured Ruto supporters and he has assured Ruto's community that it will be Ruto. So starting now looking at the sentiments that are coming out, some people are feeling betrayed. And that's why you have seen even some leaders from Mount Kenya saying, I had this Wuru Guru from Likipia saying it's a betrayal in the city. And these people are portraying us from Mount Kenya to be people cannot be trusted by anybody. So we are not going to look at into it. We are going to support Ruto because this is a commitment that our leaders made and we are going to support it. So it's like, okay, we cannot trust Kikuyu's because when you do them agreement, they cannot hone it. Some people are telling me Kikuyu's have a very high IQ when it comes to politics. And anything that they do in terms of political realignment, they're looking ahead and seeing what's our stake, what's our place in all these. So the noise that you are hearing, maybe it could be pushing Ruto to pick Kikuyu as a deputy president so that it's also balances. Because when you look at the whole gameplay, you don't see the Kikuyu nation is looking at it and saying, okay, what's our place? What's our stake? Okay, if we support this guy, what are we gaining from it? If it goes and picks a running mate from western or from Nyanza or from where? What's our stake? So we need to begin from the defense point of view that we are there, we negotiated and you give us this. But again, jubilee is likely to die. Parties are going to emerge. Yes, I've told you DP and PNU are being revamped, maybe to cut off the interest of Mount Kenya region. And Ruto is also busy shopping for other parties that will come up and registering. So jubilee is likely to die because of interest. The way you say it, it was a marriage of convenience and it's inevitable that it's likely to be the party in 2022. Jubilee is in ICU. Yeah, it's dying very soon. If we'll be here for the next one year with jubilee, we'll be here to see. That's how parties the next one year you feel like jubilee. That's how we can predict this is something called like you can predict you can if you know that sun has been rising every every day you know tomorrow it will rise again. Yeah, it's called induction. It's called induction in science.  These are just the what we are seeing are just symptoms. And I want to first for what he was saying of the promises of the all that of the deaths that the central people of the deaths from from the the rift valley people and all that. If you have a debt, if you have my debt, which you took last year, and then you took his debt yesterday, which one should you pay first? The one that you took before. Yeah, there was a debt. There was a debt between the senior Jomo Kenyatta and it was not paid. There was also a debt between Kibaki and Rael. It was not paid. Now the debt that was borrowed yesterday. People should not be just playing like pay pay pay. You should pay. I know you read about Okunko. This guy who had a long list of debts. So when he came to to borrow you, he would like tell you and pay you tomorrow and all that and all those. And then when you go to like so you go to like give me my money, you'd give you a long list of debts until you are number 72. I've not even paid number three. So please be patient. I have a long list of debts. So there's that you that the people from central have that long list of debts. The people who borrowed yesterday should be patient and wait that the first people would be paid first if they will come later. Yes. Okay. That's politics of debts. Okay. There are people talk about paying debts and everything. But you see the and that's because of our our low development in politics. Our politics has not yet matured to a level where we talk about ideologies and policies and you look at somebody and say, okay, this one can can lead the can have can lead to development of this nation. We still look at politics in terms of it's our time to eat in the words of what was his name? This guy wrote this book. He has the chosen names. Yes. So if it's our time to eat, then people tend to feel that it's if our man is at the top, then we're going to eat that narrative has been there and it has to be challenged so that we start building our democracy in terms of ideology, in terms of policies, in terms of manifestos, what this person is bringing on the table. But manifestos are there. They are there. But you know, because of the ethnic interest and, you know, political realignment, we don't even look at those manifestos. How many people read those manifestos? It's just because Reilly is there and Baba Nesema, Baba Nesema, you had the constitution review when they were saying, okay, I'm not reading this constitution because Baba is read and they are saying it's good or Baba said it's bad. So I'm opposing it. You know, without looking at the content of those things. What they want to bring to the table. I don't know if you looked at the NASA and Jubilee manifesto. And for your information, I'm lucky to have participated as one of the experts in writing the NASA manifesto. Oh, really? Oh, that's wonderful. Yes, so I understand the contents. But again, in our development of the NASA manifesto, what we're doing is comparing with the Jubilee manifesto and maybe building on what they have indicated and, you know, subtracting. But all those things, when you look at the pillars, when you look at the socio-political and economic issues that were being discussed, is almost the same. The difference was the language and how it's captured. So that's where, as I can't do, yeah, because we don't, when you look at developing the democracies like US or UK, UK do not even have a written constitution. They rely on common laws. Things that are passed from one generation to another. They don't have any written constitution that will say, okay, one to review this constitution. Yes, but their policy is still, their policy is still work. Yeah, they have not written down. So they have less hypocritical, they have less hypocritical like us, as we have good written. Good constitution. But it's better than writing it. But we don't know what they wrote. They did a good work. Now, we don't know. But whose fault is that? Kenyans fear reading. Kenyans fear reading. They fear reading. If you want to hide something from Kenyans, just put in a book. Yeah, now there's people read Facebook. But we don't need it. We didn't need it. If my political king being has said, we are going to go this way. So people just move that way. Yeah. Or if somebody was given new money. But shouldn't we be moving away from that narrative of my political king thing? Shouldn't we be moving and now focusing on, okay, this is so-and-so's manifesto. This is so-and-so's manifesto. Compare them and choose. I think I'll follow this. We will if we will start letting people speak their mind. Like now, if they didn't force Moses Kuria to apologize, it would be good. Yeah, because you'd speak his mind now, people from the backyard says, ah, apologize. You did what? Because he spoke his mind and his mind is against the majority from his backyard. So the moment people will be left to speak their minds, it will be now very easy. Like now if somebody like told you, it's really a bad omen in Kenyans. It's not wanted because he speaks his mind. So the fact that we'll have a real democracy. What I told you before we started or when we started is that we have a like a dramatization of democracy. What we have dramatization, even the manifestos and all that, we just dramatize that we have them, but we don't practice them. What we practice, what we follow, number one is our tribe, number two is our stomachs. Now, those are for the lower seats when like in Central where all those who are buying there are from one tribe.  Like he was saying, it's our time to eat like the way, by the way, I love that book. It's one of my favorite by Miguna Miguna. That's in English. No, no, no, it was written by Miquela Rong. But it was in his words that she was writing. It was so compelling to read that. And we're still in that it's our time to eat. And I really hope we can move away from that. But then, because Kenya is not going to grow until you can move from that. Until people can just decide. But what I'm realizing is the past one year, a lot of things have become hard on Kenyans, especially taxes. I mean, life has just become life has just become something else.  And that's when you do open your eyes and realize, Oh, okay, so maybe it's not necessarily about my turn to eat and our people's time to eat. This is about all the Kenyans turn to eat. It's about all of us benefiting from our government, benefiting from leadership. And in order for that to happen, I feel that, like I said before, we need to really look at what our leaders are bringing to the table. And if they don't bring to the table what they said, they're going to bring to the table. If you call yourself an adult, you need to be smart enough to know that this particular choice is not working out. But again, before we move forward, maybe there's something that's very interesting in our politics. When you look at the just link for this presidency, it's like there's so much rewards when it comes to political, political power and political positions. Maybe in Kenya, we might want to, you know, to reduce the incentives attached to political seats and especially the presidency. But again, but again, Ruto started his campaigns early. So it's the focus. But Ruto having declared his presidency does not deter anybody, even you Joey, from running for Kenya to be Kenya's president. So let us not focus so much on Ruto will be the next president.   I saw the other day Mudeva was very mad in Western saying, why do people allowing Ruto to come to Western and, you know, taking all my MPs, as if he has been locked, not to go to Rift Valley or another part of the canton cell is policies. And Kaiyesu, how would you like to do it? Because it's about that time. What would be your last statement? I want to, as a student leader, I want to, to enlighten the nation. Thank you for, by the way, that's that there's no longer NASA and Jubilee. It's dying very fast. There are two camps as, as Korea, not Korea, Maura, as Senator Maura did it. There's Tim Keleweke and Tim Tanga Tanga. So choose the team you want to be in because that is the future of Kenyan politics from now up to elections. Thank you. Thank you so much. That was such an interesting discussion. I really enjoyed my time with you for the view. And I just like before we conclude, I'd like to shout out Salome Mukami and Stella Mathu who are watching from Kadara. Just a big thank you so much for tuning in. You guys, your viewing means a lot to us. Remember, you can reach out to us. You can also converse with us and share your views on what we've just discussed on Twitter. You can find us on Y254 channel on Instagram, Y254 underscore channel and on Facebook, Y254 channel. My name is Joy Machache and this was Youth and Politics. Thank you so much for tuning in. Do have a beautiful, beautiful, beautiful Monday. Thank you.


that says your patient's oxygen tank contains 0.650 moles of gas at 730 dot millimeters of mercury pressure If you added oxygen until the final pressure was 1.15 atm How many moles of oxygen did you add to her tank? Okay, so how do we do this? Well, this hopefully you guys can tell gas law Expression guys if you don't mind gas law expression, right and in particular, it's Apagodros law So well the way I like to do these is to Take your PV equals nRT and we know that it's changing, right? So we're adding some moles to this and the pressure is changing Okay, so let's write down so well Well, let's write down the things that it gives us first and just confirm that information So it says that the original number of moles of gas Is 0.650 moles and it says the original pressure 730 dot Millimeters of mercury and then it asks how many moles of oxygen did you add to her tank? Okay, so that's going to be another series of problems that we'll have to do in a second But it tells you that the final pressure is 1.15 18 So hopefully you guys can see right that the number of moles is changing and the pressures are changing So that means plus you we're going to take PV equals nRT and divided by PV equals nRT So we put little ones at the top twos at the bottom remember R never changes so That cancels out in this case the temperature is stayed the same so that cancels out and Volume has stayed the same because it's in like a gas cylinder Okay, so the pressure has changed in the number of moles of change, so let's rewrite our equation P1 over P2 equals n1 over n2 And currently we're looking for n2 although that's not going to be the final answer Okay, so let's rearrange our equation n2 equals n1 P2 over P1 So do we have all of those numbers? Yes, but unfortunately we have these in two separate Pressure units, okay, so we're going to have to convert one of the pressure units to the other pressure unit I prefer to work in ATM, so Let's just do that Version would be given to you. It might be called four On ATM So we have the initial pressure final pressure and the initial number of moles ATM cancels, so Okay, so I got n2 as 0.778 Moles, okay, so the number of moles total this is the number of moles total that's in the gas But it asked how many moles did you add to her gas? Okay, so in order to do that, of course, you're going to have to take this number So which is the number of moles that's total and take well Remember this equation It's going to be the initial number of moles plus the number of moles that were added right, so in order to figure out the number of moles that were added right, it's going to be the total minus the initial and in this case 0.78 moles minus 0.650 moles and the answer would be 0.128 moles of gas or Opposite to where added Okay, so that's again one of those kind of problems that if you If you don't do everything I Don't think about what the problem is saying you'll get it wrong, okay? Yeah, are there any questions about this one? Okay questions


Hi everyone. So good afternoon. Still awake. Yeah, very good, very good. Yeah, so we'll have a little fireside chat here with Cindy from Alibaba. Yeah. So everybody of course knows Alibaba, but what are you doing at Alibaba? So I'm running the Alibaba Entrepreneurs Fund. It's a fund set up three years ago by Jack Ma in Hong Kong. The group has allocated 1 billion Hong Kong dollars, which is about 130 million US dollars to invest into startups in Hong Kong. So what we want to do is really to build up the startup ecosystem in Hong Kong. Hong Kong is a bit like maybe a bit like Japan, which is still very early stage in terms of talking about people after graduating to go into startups, has their own business. And therefore we also lack of investors in Hong Kong. And the idea of having this fund is to hopefully be able to identify some good examples from Hong Kong and to really encourage or inspire the younger generation to think about doing something more innovative rather than just having a job in a big corporation. Yeah, like Alibaba. Yeah. But I think that it's kind of great to hear that because also reminds me of kind of early days of Slush and why we actually started doing Slush in the first place. Because we had very much the same challenge in Finland and in Helsinki. And in 2007 I was actually talking about entrepreneurship and I think that my presentation was, I was talking about that it's okay to be an entrepreneur. And okay to be an entrepreneur that's kind of like translated from Finnish means that it's great. So if you ask a Finnish person what they think about, you know, for example Slush here, even if they think that is fantastic, they will say yeah, it was okay. But anyway, so I was talking about it being okay to be an entrepreneur and then I had 600 students at Aalto University in attendance and then I asked them that okay, how many of you guys will start your own company or join a startup once you graduate or even before, which is okay as well. And in 2007, out of 600 students, only three raised their hand, which means that you know all the others were thinking about like going to work for okay, Nokia at the time was very successful or you know one of the big corporations or the government. And of course that was like a disaster. So then together with a few friends we decided that we have to do something and that's actually why we started Slush. It was not to do a great event, it was actually to change the mindset and get more people excited about entrepreneurship. And you know having been to Hong Kong many times, I think that you're absolutely right that it's similar to here in Japan that we really need to make entrepreneurship more popular, but also then accepted. So I think for the young people it's very much accepted, but I think we also have to explain to the parents that it's actually okay if your child does a startup, it's actually more than okay. Yeah, I think that's very important, especially with the young people's parents and also their friends being supportive because it's not easy to be an entrepreneur. I mean Peter, you have been an entrepreneur, serial entrepreneurs and you understand the difficulties and also the challenges in building up your business, right? Not everyone would be successful. And when you fail, then how you you know get back yourself together and then try again is something that is very important. And at Alibaba, we very much stress the entrepreneurship, even though I have never started a business, I have to declare. But in Alibaba, the entrepreneurship that we are trying to promote is to be able to step out of your comfort zone and be able to challenge yourself. So which is important no matter you are starting up your own business or not. And this is one of the things that we hope to change the mind share of the people or the younger generation in Hong Kong or in the world. Yeah, and I think that's actually a very good point. I think that entrepreneurial attitude and spirit that it's not like some kind of thing that is exclusive to startups. I think that it's actually very, very important no matter where you work, you know, big corporation, the government like anywhere. I think that you need to have entrepreneurial attitude to be successful. I mean, no matter what you end up doing. And this is something that I think the guys at Apple like many years ago that they said that they are the biggest startup on the planet.  And I think that it was quite interesting because at the time I was at Rovia and working on Angry Birds and you had a meeting with Apple and they always had the right people show up and then after the meeting had very clear action points and then just like boom, decide, done. And okay, now if you go and meet with Apple, a lot more people will show up for the meeting and maybe it's not as much of a startup as it used to be. But at the same time, then going to many of the corporations and we had one or actually still have one very big one in Finland.  So I think that in any company, no matter big or small, you need to have this kind of entrepreneurial attitude of like getting things done. And not like saying that, oh, that you should go and talk to that person and he or she will help you. But really making sure that things happen and not, you know, kind of like hiding from the responsibility. So it's like for me, entrepreneurship is about taking ownership and making sure that things that got done. Yeah, yeah, yeah, I agree. So Pierre, I know you have been, you know, working in like in Europe and recently you are spending a lot of time in Asia. So in terms of this entrepreneurship spirit or the ownership spirit, do you find there is a difference between different cultures? Say, for example, comparing Finland to, you know, China or in Hong Kong or in Japan? What do you feel? I think that there's a lot of, let's say a lot of differences, but also a lot of similarities. So one thing that, I mean, also what then happened after we started Slush in Finland that five years after we started Slush and then went back to Alta University and did the same talk about entrepreneurship and asked the same question, then more than half the hands went up. So we actually managed to do this kind of culture revolution when it comes to kind of like entrepreneurship and startups in just five years, which again shows that of course, if you're an entrepreneur, you can do anything. So that's, I think, the good news. Then if I look at, take, you know, Hong Kong and let's say Taiwan and Japan, I think that they have more in common with, you know, among themselves when it comes to the challenges around entrepreneurship than say China. And you'd expect that though, but wouldn't like the Chinese culture kind of be the dominant like thing. But actually, I think that you can see a lot of difference. And I think that it's maybe has to do with like the level of development of the economy. So you need to have a certain hunger.  And I think that if I look at China, I think it's a very driven environment and people are moving very fast, they're very entrepreneurial.  And why do you want to like take a risk and be an entrepreneur you might fail. So I think that and same thing actually we've seen with slush here in Japan that even though we have many young people here who are really excited about, you know, being an entrepreneur and wanting to change the world. But then we also see then a lot of parents saying that, yeah, but maybe it's safer that you join that consultancy company or Alibaba or I guess Rakuten here in Japan. So I think that there is a lot of those kind of attitudes that we have to still kind of like fight and also show that it's actually okay to be an entrepreneur. Yeah, I think, I mean, entrepreneurs themselves or personally, they have to have this spirit and also the environment. But also as a startup itself, I guess we were talking about at the about this at the backstage is we sometimes feel that companies startups like in Asia, like in Japan, in China, because the market is quite big already. So they will be sometimes very satisfied of, you know, being number one in Japan or number one in China. Of course, number one in China is already very big. But why do we have to go out so just similar to Alibaba because we actually has a pretty big market share. We are already the largest e-commerce platform in the world, not only in China, but we still want to do more than, you know, just staying in China or staying in one country or one market. And I think I would encourage startups to also think that way because just conquering one country or one market may not be enough. With the technology itself, I mean, with the evolution of technology, it's easier to tap into other markets. So it's really a shame if you just give up on that opportunity and vice versa, people can usually, even you are number one right now, you can have newcomers to the market with the ease of technology, with more, you know, innovation. So I think it's, there are two levels, right? Personally, and also for the company itself, we have to really think out of the box, be more, you know, have a bigger picture and maybe even bigger picture than 20, 30 years ago. Yeah. And I think that this is one area where, you know, like being from Finland, obviously, we are a very small country, like five million people. So for us, I mean, we always have to go outside because, you know, being number one in Finland is the same as being number one in small neighborhood in Hangzhou or Shanghai or Hong Kong. Yeah.  And I think that it's actually very cool to look at what's going on. And I think now being here at Slush here in Tokyo and having, of course, this event, it's in English. And we have not only local people from Japan, but we have people from Hong Kong, from China, from the US, from all over Europe. And I think that more and more we're living, I mean, of course, it's always been global.  And same thing actually is true in the US, but then because of the kind of, let's say, the benefit of the English language. Right. And also, that all of us grow up watching, you know, like the American movies and American TV series and things like that, that you can't like, if you are an American startup, you can't like get the global or at least like the English speaking global, you can't like get served to you automatically, you don't really need to do much. You just put it on the internet and it's like, okay, it's in English, so then, you know, people can use it. And if you're startup in Japan or in China, it doesn't translate kind of like as easily. So I think that going forward, it's going to be very, very important. I mean, even more important now that you have to think global from the get go.  So I think that that is kind of like one part of it that you really need to think about the global market. And then I think also what is great to see players like Alibaba, but also many others, you know, like Tencent and then you look at now what is happening in India. There's a lot of startup activity and many, many unicorns being created. And I think that the new thing that we will see more and more is that it's not only the company started in Silicon Valley, you know, take the Google and Facebook and so on, that will emerge as the global leaders. But you will see global leaders emerge from China, from India, hopefully from Europe as well. And I think that that's super exciting for all of us because typically what I always, you know, my background of being, you know, at Angry Birds, I always ask that, okay, who's going to create the next Angry Birds, the next big thing, the next Alibaba. And if three young guys in Helsinki can create Angry Birds, you know, why couldn't you, you know, anybody here in Tokyo or Fukuoka or Sendai or Hangzhou or Hong Kong, I mean, of course you can. And I think that we just need role models and we need to have that kind of entrepreneurial mindset and that kind of very like positive craziness that I mean, all entrepreneurs are crazy and we think we can change the world and guess what we actually can. So I think that, yeah, having that global mindset from the beginning is super, super important. Yeah, yeah. I totally agree because when our funds selects our startups, of course, we have a social mission to help the Hong Kong startups. But at the same time, when we evaluate the business propositions or the teams, we always ask what is your bigger plan? What is your vision about your business? If you tell me that it is only about Hong Kong, then I don't think any investors will be interested. So you have to think about your theme of your business, but at the same time, how you are going to bring this theme or your service outside of a, to tap into bigger markets where you can serve more customers. I think a very important point actually that brought up like the social impact. So I think that so I actually think that if you look at startups and you look at all entrepreneurs, I think that nowadays it's not good enough to just make a great business. I mean, to make a great business, it also has to do good and it has to have positive social impact. So I think that of course you can separate like, you know, social impact and like investment and all of that. But I think that kind of by definition, all of the investments, all of the activities should have positive social impact. Yeah, I agree. And then Jack Ma always said when there's a problem, when there's a problem that you are and you have a solution to solve it, then there's an opportunity. Exactly. So when we are looking at, you know, to have startups that are able to identify a problem and be able to solve it and we believe that we strongly believe that in this situation, then there will be opportunity and not only for making money, but also be able to help people to live better. And I think that this is also important that there is no conflict in that that, you know, doing good and making lots of money. I think that it's of course, if you're making the world a better place, of course, you know, why shouldn't you be rewarded? And I think that the only way to actually change the world is to make sure that whatever you're doing, that it's a sustainable business.  So I think that that's another thing that not only a business, but like a sustainable business. And of course, that means that it also does good like for the planet. I don't agree with you, Peter. Charity may not become and go because the fund that I am running is also a charity fund, but we run it in a commercial way. And that is, that is how we want to be sustainable. So if there is any, you know, profit from the investment, then we'll plow back to the fund. So it continues to be sustainable and this is a new way of doing charity. That's exactly the point I was trying to make was that and what you're doing is actually, okay, you might call it a charity, but I mean, you're running it as a business, you're investing, hopefully you'll get like a few nice exits and then you reinvest, but still you're running it as a business. And I think that the big problem that I see with a lot of like charities and like a lot of that, that they are not run very professionally. So I think that that's kind of the whole point that the most sustainable way of doing things is actually through business because then exactly like in your case, you will make some money that you can reinvest and you can do even more good. So I think that doing this as a business and there's like no conflict between business and doing good and doing the right thing. Yeah, yeah, totally agree because I think there's no conflict, right? Actually, there's a lot of research especially by Micopora. Dr. Micopora also mentioned about corporations who has a social impact or social mission in the business. Actually, you should outperform those who are only very profit driven. Yeah, and I think that we're running out of time here. So I guess that it's a good time to like finish by saying that, you know, like, be good, good, do things and do good things and make great business happen. So thank you very much and see you around. I guess we're going to be at the Slush Cafe after this. So thank you. Thank you.


Good afternoon everyone welcome in Good to see some of you guys go ahead and Let us know your where you're from how news has been for you You made it to the last works shop session And we're glad you're here. So feel free. Just let us know where you are where you're from How you're doing how's news are going?  We still have a few more things to do Today and tomorrow, but we're just so glad you're here and we're glad that you have stuck it to the end with us So welcome Okay, good afternoon everyone. I'm Tabitha Butler and I Am excited to be a room host today for the maintaining service continuity during uncontrollable circumstances You guys are gonna enjoy hearing from Chris Harper today Before we get started just a reminder. I know you've heard it a hundred times, but there is The chat function so you can go ahead and put your feedback there and then there is a Questions tab underneath the chat bubbles. It looks like a teacher standing in front of a chalkboard You may put questions there. However Chris was unable to be with us today and His co-worker and himself are going to respond to you guys via email if you do have any questions So you can either send them straight to Val. That's gonna be in the chat at the very top I pinned it or if you do put something in the questions tab Just be sure to put your contact information So that Chris can follow up with you after the conference. So Just want to make sure that you knew that if you do have questions and you They will be responded to so you can either send them straight to Val or you can put them there in the question tab and Then below that where the three people are that's where you can click the three people You can see everyone that's in the session with us if you click on their name You can privately message them So if you needed to tell me something in the middle of the presentation You could click on my name and send me a direct message and then below that we have some files included It looks like the three paper sheets of paper and it looks like Chris has been gracious enough to share the presentation with you And it looks like a video So he has included some files there for you as well, which is very nice of him And so with that I'm gonna go ahead and get us started Like I said Chris Harper who is with our solid waste division here at the city of Fort Worth He is a contract compliance Administrator was unfortunately unable to be with us very unexpected He was so excited about being here with all of you that he took some time really quick the other day to Pre-record the presentation, but he wants to know that you guys are more than welcome to send Val his co-worker her email address is at the top any questions or you could also leave him You can also email him directly or I'm giving you the option to put some questions in the question tab Just make sure that you put your contact information And then I will send that over to Chris and Val after our presentation so that they can get back to you guys So without further ado, I'm gonna go ahead and hand it over Chris and His workshop maintaining service continuity during uncontrollable circumstances Good afternoon, my name is Chris Harper. I'm a contract services administrator for the city of Fort Worth for solid waste Very happy to be here today. Thanks everybody for coming to the news of conference. We are proud to host it as Fort Worth Today we've been talking about maintaining service continuity during an uncontrollable circumstance. Obviously that is COVID-19 so we'll Dive right into it here. I'll give you a little bit of context about the city of Fort Worth how our Solid waste program runs so you understand How important external contractors are to our success? So my theme today is going through this together versus going through this independently at the same time So right what do I mean by that? There's a big difference between going through a challenging time at the same time as others each on your own and Actually doing it together. So the benefits of doing things together are additive right in what we were hoping for what we achieved Is that one plus one equals three result? So again, as I said, my name's Christian Harper the privilege of leading the contractor point team here in the city Overseeing teams that handle residential collection. That's garbage recycling both yard waste Recycling processing residential park program mulching and city facilities collection also includes our southeast landfill that's owned by the city and our Waste connections CND landfill that we knew I've been with the city about three years and it has been a Incredible experience so far Little background on our leadership team Brandon Bennett is our code compliance director. He's been with the city of Fort Worth Since 2004 he's been the director for the past 11 years Robert Smouse who's our assistant director of solid waste has been with us for six years So both of them have seen quite a bit of evolution in our program So these are the people that really make it happen. I became of three contract compliance specialists Dossel and Johnson Christian and Val Familow. So Again, they've been here all over 18 years Since the beginning of the program so invaluable resource to me and to the city and to the residents So again background the city and waste management have actually been working together since 2003 when the CART program was initially rolled out This is a well-established relationship Our MWB subcontractor Knight Waste has been working with waste maintenance since 2006. So we are very fortunate to have excellent partners who have a ton of experience that was brought to bear over us, you know The past year so Fort Worth at a Glynis if I see me 895,000 residents 13th largest in The u.s. We service over 240,000 households weekly Something that shocked us. We grew at the city at over 3% during the pandemic So to put that in perspective our three-year average is just over two percent as is the five-year average. So at a time when Everything was was happening with increased tundish. We were also growing at a rapid pace So services at a glance and I mentioned we at the city We use all outside contractors for residential collection recycling processing disposal operational landfill Organics recycling and carts So we're heavily dependent on our outside partners and our program is all cart-based and we use asl trucks. It's been that way since 2003 Quick breakdown waste management night wastes Service all residential collection. Republic services is our partner for recycling processing disposal at southeast landfill City collections drop-off station hauling coder is our cart partner all of our Organics recycling and mulching goes through living earth and we also have a contract with waste connections to use their cnb land bill here in Fort Worth So residential collection yard waste including craft bags yard carts small brush all that is is collected by hand in rear loaders We also have boom trucks obviously for large bulk and bulk waste or brush weekly collection of garbage recycling in yard waste our bulk program is monthly Currently we till mingle large brush and bulk trash There's about 500,000 carts in service So we've got a lot of carts out there and the city does own all the carts Recycling processing again is with republic services at the north texas recycling complex in that way since 2018 100% of what's picked up at the curb in our blue recycling carts is taken there Our disposal city forward owns the southeast landfill republic services under contract to manage it all of our Waste goes to that landfill as do all the residuals from the murk some bulk is Disposed there the remaining bulk is disposed to add the waste connections cnb landfill Living earth does all the organic recycling like I mentioned the contract is actually with republic services Living earth is actually on site at the landfill and they do all the work Again totter provides all the carts. They also provide cart delivery cleaning maintenance and repair We have four drop-off stations in an environmental collection center.  We even offer document trading Give you an idea how popular these things are they receive over 300,000 resident visits per year and over 46,000 tons of material comes through these locations The environmental collection center services over 20,000 residents just at that one facility A 2.2 million pounds of material come through there, which we're really proud of because all that means all of that material Is actually disposed the way it should be We also have an in-house call center here operated by a communications team Last year they answered a little bit over 86,000 solid waste calls So how we're organized internally the city actually maintain the small fleet of boom and roll-off trucks Those are used by our illegal dump crews that equipment has been Just a blessing for us to have for not only storm damage but over the past year with cobin with the increase in not only illegal dumping but in folk So as I mentioned those trucks can be used to back up other Other programs. So we have six staff members who are dedicated to Working with waste management and verifying that all of our Fault piles are collected on time. We have six staff members called the blue crew who actively Audit our blue recycling carts and look for contamination and help educate our residents to increase the percentage and quality of recycling We also have six account tax. Then they're dedicated to customer service setting up accounts changing accounts all of that So how did it start right for for all of us it started in march And I will say that the city is fortunate to have a former first responder is our director of coast compliance Brenda Bennett actually serves two roles for the city Some of you may not know that he's the director of coast compliance. He's also the director of health Okay, side note. He's an iron man, right? So how else would he have the energy to perform two completely separate jobs and do it all it's sent on in In the 24 hours he has in a day So his philosophy that that permeates the organization all the way down to the frontline staff is always be prepared He's a situational leader Which means that we are flexible and adaptable and that put us in a very good position when cobin hit Because we are able to change when we need to and take care of what needs to be taken care of But i'll say like the rest of you we were not really prepared for a pandemic. We have a coop. We have all of those plans that this was Something unexpected. So we have literally updated our coop plans Continuity of operational plans. We plan for a disruption. We didn't know at the time how long that would last I don't think that we originally planned for the duration of over a year in the scale it was at But we did have a number of contingency 24 including staffing and equipment. So that helped So what really actually helped us in the normal course of business in march Our whole staff is ramping up. That is the beginning of heavy yard and bulk season We were bringing in storm chaser crews which waste management does on a manual basis to take care of the increased volume So again for two of this because they they hit the ground at the exact right time So i'll say at the beginning we were prepared we prepared to jump in and start navigating On our own right talking to each department and talking to our health department But we quickly realized that there would be a huge benefit from collaboration, right? This means other people department city industry groups want The the cog so it's always better to navigate this situation together so again The the the one plus one equals three is the the result we were we were going for in which we got So initial planning scenarios we extended plan for an extended time frame We've had plans in place if we lost 40 of staff Being out here to obit. We extended hours. We knew we were going to have increased overtime And we reallocated staff and equipment to support essential services A good example of that is our blue crew It was no longer safe for them to go and physically look in blue Recycling carts for contamination. So we turned them into a hot shot crew. They worked at the drop-off station They worked in any capacity that was needed To do until they could return to their job So one of the biggest challenges that i'm sure everyone on Here faced This was a nationwide challenge. We were used to emergency situations where A situation is confined to a usually a geographic location, right? So personnel and equipment can be brought in from other areas of the country in this case everybody was You know subject to the same emergency situation, so yeah, we we had to Reallocate resources within because there was nothing coming from anywhere else, right? And we Certainly didn't have extra staff to to share so Planning assumptions again, we knew residential volume would increase The tundishes that are typically generated at work, whether that garbage or recycling we're going to be generated at home We were going into spring break, which we knew would be an increase anyway followed by summer when you get an adult home, so We also expected commercial To go down which it did due to at home orders and in multiple businesses closing We had originally assumed that the growth of new households in the city would slow down, but boy, we're rerolling on that one so Two plan and action just to highlight the big things where the safety plan safety had to come first We had to ensure that we were able to keep That helping and safe in order to form the work right that meant that some people went work from home That meant other people uh continue to come into the office But we we followed all of the safety rules, uh, and and as did our partners and I think we were very successful in that We looked at everything that we could possibly control and exerted as much control over those factors as we could Right and realized that hey, there's a whole lot that we don't control and that we're just going to have to be flexible, so the biggest benefit Our improvement that we made is we increased the daily data gathering and reporting So we needed to know what's happening had to curve on an hourly basis so that we could respond Again like everyone on a call all of our solid waste staff were designated essential staff members All contractors were designated essential staff. We immediately prioritized garbage then recycling the bulk of the yard Good example here of essential workers Excuse me Waste management had a placard that they put in all their trucks As did republic services and night waste they actually had these in their personal vehicles as well So that during the stay home orders here in texas in case they were pulled over or questioned People knew that they were on the way to their job Forward staff did the same thing and in fact in an effort to cut down Person-to-person contact each of our team was given a placard to put in and put their own cell phone number So even if they were doing an investigation or talking to a resident literally outside their house They didn't be a phone from inside their car I had to throw this in here it was so sweet There was a a group of kids who had created this thank you essential worker sign So we absolutely loved seeing that You know everybody at home was having a hard time too and it was it was kind of great To feel the love from the the community that we were still out there working hard on their behalf So biggest change right daily operations calls and this was multiple a day This was an open exchange of information and ideas any idea was welcome Right, we were trying to figure out this this pandemic as we went along any Risk mitigation strategy that we come up with we met a list of so in case we encountered it we knew what to do We had the contingency plans who would back up who right and this goes back to But I mentioned before the city does have some folk or some boom trucks and those did come in handy backing up our partners So again continuous Communication gathering data analyzing it, you know turning that data into actionable information that can go out to our our fields And go out to the community and executing and you know, we had to do it over and over again because things were constantly changing Again, our partners our eyes and ears are all of the hard-working people inside the city and at all of our partners who were out you know in the city every day Gathering information and sending it back. So one of the nice things was we have our own communications person here for solid waste We took all the information we got Turned that into usable information fed it to The communications team the engagement team the call center team. So we got that information back to the residents Who called as soon as we thought this was so Again, following all internal city safety teams Advice and guidance our partners did that with their safety teams as well We had a lot of conversations on Best practices what to share what we were learning and how we could help one another So When we got to Probably the third week in March and realized, okay, we're gonna have to really figure this out So we put ourselves in the residents shoes and we said, okay, we've got to emphasize with the people who were actually Generating the waste, right? So what flexibility that we have in each program and ordinance? How could we extend all of that flexibility to the residents? And I guess it to state a different way What program adjustments could we make immediately, right to help the situation that we didn't need to clear illegal That they need to go to city council for approval because speed and flexibility were critical So we really is a hard look at What we could do, right?  I think we met on a Wednesday Put the plan together got that approved of the chain and actually had full implementation that that following monday One of the biggest things was extra bags, right people putting bags on the ground people were putting bags Taking the snowman out of the cart and they were putting them on the lid So we had to figure out how to get those bags off the ground Luckily, we had a mechanism and the contractor already to compensate our contractor for extra bags And really what was driving us is we didn't have time to go back Again, right if the truck was there we had to figure out a way to collect Everything the first time right and again waste meant that in night waste were were critical in in helping to figure that out so this was the Meeting summary right from wednesday to monday created the plan got that implemented So operational issues, you know to put in pictures worth a thousand words We had so many people who were at home That were just parking on the street and this picture illustrates what our guys had to go through on a House by house basis, right? So not much space for them to put the sl arm in There was a lot of getting in and out of that cab these drivers really really worked their tails off to get this done Perfect example what I mentioned before you know any bags In the cart bags on the ground which again we we turned that into More of a normal collection because that that became the norm It was expected was actually kind of nice came across some of you didn't have a bag Our residents got a little creative on I'm sure it's the same in every other city people were just cleaning out everything addicts garages You name it and whatever they decided to clean they dragged out to the curb Other people must have had barbecues and and other things going on because again We we saw a lot so something like this we We just basically would take take the cart and everything on there and then would would bring them a new cart So we did have some operational issues due to covet unfortunately Our environmental collection center was closed for a week, which is not truly a seven-day week. They have a three-day operational We several staff members have tested positive and exposed other staff members. We immediately Cleaned and disinfected that we had an outside company who was able to clean and disinfect. We also had the folks at our police department had Disinfecting equipment, which was fantastic because the response time was much much faster and honestly the cost was was much cheaper This thing so we did lose one drop off station For a number of hours And if you remember the volume of people that and in tonnage. I said was going through there every hour counts We had lines of you know 50 to 100 people waiting to get in there So luckily all of those supervisors have the training the knowledge to address those situations get those Staff members take care of get those facilities clean and get those facilities back online in a safe way so Just a glance into our tonnage right and in one of the challenges with covid with all tonnage decrease across the board so waste management had to Utilize every pizza before then everybody on staff as in that waste as in the city because no one had extra resources So garbage immediately went up over 12 percent both went up over nine yard waste increased 16 The southeast landfill had a total of over 10 percent increase which when you consider that at any given time commercial was down in North Texas around 30 percent the residential volume more than made up for that The murph I think we ended the year at just over 17 percent increase in tons of material received in process it was going At most of the time seven days a week the only time that they had down time was for repairs and maintenance to keep all that going and they did a great job Again our drop-off stations increased tonnage increased residents visits increased members of 40-yard roll-off containers that we filled and then haul so the drop-off stations were a tremendous outlet for Residents and really really took some pressure off of the city took some pressure off of Waste management which was good for everybody so Our response as I mentioned Had to adapt and evolve things were changing constantly. We were seeing different shifts in volumes in different neighborhoods Based on their spring breaks based on what was going on with with summer we had to contend with safety changes at the national level state level local level all of these different things coming in had to be Red understood and sent out and followed one of the biggest advantages of having outside companies Work with us if that you know, for example waste management were public companies national publicly health companies they were able to Go out talk to all of their municipal people and give us ideas Okay, here's what other people are doing around the country right here's how we can do things better And just as importantly here's what you don't want to do right here's where where we've gotten into trouble so avoidance of issues and best practices that that combination was incredibly powerful for us Let's begin to get back to Disposal options in addition to the curve right we have what we call beyond the curve Which again was the drop-off stations. We've kind of covered this um One of the biggest things that We had to take into account is our contractual consideration, right? So all major municipal contracts have a uncontrollable circumstance We're no different. We have those in in all of our city At the beginning of the pandemic. We had multiple partners to clear an uncontrollable circumstance because I can't think of one that fits the bill better than than a pandemic so in To their credit and this goes across all of the uh, the companies that we worked with They continued to perform. They bent over backwards And even outperformed someone last year Even in dealing with with what they had to deal with but it was very critical that With the contractual part that we did take care of that that we did run things by legal Both at the city side and the contractor side. So one of the things that working with national companies like waste and uh, and republic helped us do to say, okay We need to plan ahead right plan for holidays plan for risk exposure We learned a lot from spring break and we learned a lot when people went on vacation And so we knew that we were going to have to be more vigilant that All of our contractors were on Halloween Thanksgiving Christmas anytime people were getting together We had to make sure that following that we had contingencies in place in case we had people out Because not only does the volume go up after a lot of these holidays But a lot of the times, uh, due to covid we had people out. So that's kind of the devil wind Additional external partners that were invaluable to us North central texas council of government They hosted multiple calls and roundtables where cities just got together and in an open forum just say Here's what we're doing. Tell us what you're doing a really positive flow of information back and forth again, what to do best practices what not to do questions were answered So huge huge resource We have a lot of other contacts at other cities that we reached out to we had cities reach out to us again to the just free flow of information was extremely valuable a little Shout out to local distilleries. Um, I don't know any if anyone else on the call or in the uh the session had this But they were a lifesaver. We would get five gallon buckets of hand sanitizer Some of it admittedly smelled a little bit. Uh, so you would smell like old tequila or Other alcohol, but I'm telling you it worked and we were we're real happy to get it We use the recollect app.  That was very very helpful in Sending out service alerts and keeping our residents updated on scheduling and any any potential disruption So internal department coordination, right most of what I've been talking about is external Our external partners actually Interface with a lot of our internal departments besides solid waste is as well and and we encourage that So some of the biggest help we got was from our joint emergency operations center That's where all of the safety information and uh and guidance came from our safety team I want to give a special recognition to Julie raglan She started as the solid waste safety coordinator. I think a week and a half before covid so her immediate responsibility at a brand new job Was to organize responsibility of pandemic, right? So Talk about a difficult challenge, but she rose to to the occasion and has been a invaluable resource to us and and kept us all safe. So we were very happy to have her on board As I mentioned, we have an internal call center. They did over 86,000 calls for solid waste Sharon gamble runs that group. They immediately went remote To make sure that they were minimizing any exposure. It worked great. It was seamless. We had no interruption to Solid waste to our staff or more importantly to the residents community to get in touch with the city They continued to roll out my for work out which which also supports solid waste in other areas of the city Um Our administration hr and financial staff did the same thing We needed them to be in place and they they chose to go remote as well Ben Carson picked that up and uh shelly hollows for solid waste So again, they would help from it with fantastic. They were all able to go remote and we had no interruption the communications office, uh, which Is been a huge huge help and that's dianne cubby and lowland mccartney They this is what I was talking about before when we got information from the curb, right? What's happening at the curb? What's happening with uh collection times our ability to collect all that information was then Put in their hands for them to get that out to residents whether that was uh, city news other communications Um, social media all of these things it was a really a huge huge help Same thing with captain huckabee's grouping and community engagement and all of her team We provided them with information and they were the conduit to get that out to hoa the neighborhood organizations, right? The organizations where residents would say hey, what am I supposed to do right? Hopefully that was uh All that information was there at the hoa When they needed it all of our billing goes through the water department again huge Props to them. They were able to continue to operate. We had zero Billing interruptions, which is good for us, but it's it's critically important to the residents We understand that our residents had so many more things to worry about I mean the list goes on from child care to health the job Everything we didn't want to give them anything else to stress or worry about so we tried very hard and And coordinated internally and externally to to get that done So the reality check, right? And this is Internal and external the the human toll of operating during a pandemic So everybody was affected by that in in some way Approximately a third of our staff in solid waste in unicon had uh, kovat 19 Many staff had family and friends who had kovat we had exposures We had people out, you know and and that becomes your your focus is making sure that these these staff members of people their friends their family are Are getting any treatment and taking any precautions they need We had staff members unfortunately who lost family and friends to kovat 19 It was just an awful Situation all the way around same with our vendor partners. We would get reports from Nightways from waste management. Okay, who's in who's out how many drivers how many backup staff how many People in their their maintenance facility where we're in or out and One of the things that we really kid as hard here in solid waste is in december We actually lost a member of our our code solid waste team to kovat 19 so Out of respect for for him. I'd like to just pause here a moment and let everybody just kind of I guess reflect and acknowledge everybody in our entire industry all of our cities all country in in the world who is affected by that Getting kind of back into it We we took a hard look at our operational philosophy And really This to be successful in a pandemic it had to be about certain leadership at all levels And if you remember the three people I introduced at the beginning of the presentation Val and and see the jocelyn they absolutely Embodied this this was not about taking the credit This was about giving the credit and helping whenever and however possible. It didn't matter if it was somebody on my team It didn't matter if it was a external Contractor didn't matter if it was president Anybody who who needed help or needed everything everybody in code and through the city Provided whatever they could whenever they could so another benefit to Code is that the entire code compliance in especially solid waste the culture here is like a family They really really take care of one another A lot of people have been here for a long long time. They know each other personally and they That's what I think got a lot of people through is is that that level of care. So The other thing was we had to balance like I mentioned getting the job done not Acknowledging contractual obligations processes, but you know it Being flexible in those and you know A handshake deal and an agreement that said okay, we need to get a certain process Implemented in order to be successful and then we'll worry about Getting it on paper and formally agreed to a little bit later and a lot of that was The that first program that we we were able to implement in March I'll say again that solid waste out Just displayed an incredible Amount of bravery and pride and passion and commitment to their job has did everybody Waste management and night waste in republic and and toter Living earth everybody Did what they could we refer to that in in code compliance as an outward mindset that's uh putting the residents first exceptional customer service really wanting to Be successful in in helping again wherever you can and uh You know amazingly over the course of all of these months, you know people just seem to to find another year and be able to physically and mentally Be able to weather this you know for an extended period of time under a you know at times very adverse conditions so you know Our our staff is Daniel over there by his truck the team at night waste In the middle there. We've got all of our crew At waste management having our meetings outside getting ready to To roll out the day and in collect for our Our residents so keep people challenges that that we had to overcome and that we spent a lot of time talking to All of our partners and in other cities with staff the key from workloads, right? There's only so much people can do they've got other things to to worry about the stress from covid affecting their friends and family Um Overcoming complacency honestly from following so many safety guidelines for so long a period of time, right? Some of them just become second nature Some of them, you know, you actively have to remind people every day be vigilant vigilant vigilant And that's the only way it's going to work And then not only do You have to learn something new right something else is going to come along So you've got to adapt the new safety measures operational processes and procedures So uh a little bit of fun employee recognition. Um, I don't know if there's any hockey fans out there, but we had Jeff k from the dallas stars and uh his his Look on his face right here. It's pretty funny, but i'll i'll play you the video of what we did there And hopefully y'all can hear this Hey waste management team before word. It's jeff k public address announcer for your dallas stars On behalf of the entire city of fort worth.  We did a uh a burden to that for waste management for night waste We did it for our solid waste team. We did it for code compliance and it's it was just a A nice little little bump hopefully and uh a bit of of recognition at a hard time so The evolution of our response Operationally and contractually became at some point right a crisis begins to stabilize and you have to Get to a point that becomes the new normal and for us That was october 1st that coincided with our beginning of our new fiscal year, but it also Was about six months of operations which allowed us waste management at night Republic services everybody was used to What that new volume was so we we went ahead and tried to get back to Creating a that as as a new norm and then if anything changed we would Work on work on that So we also tracked data and reporting on a daily basis which then became weekly So what we were trying to do is we baselines an average of the last three to five years Depending on the category. We looked at 2020. We looked at the delta between them and then we tracked the they okay How far are we above and and When do we think that we're gonna if we were right plateau back to what we would consider a normal year or a normal year adjusted for for growth so we we actually came back to Normal what we would call normal in bulk probably in late october But one of the things that uh, I am most proud to put on the screen because there's There was so much work That went into it by countless people in countless hours is that we did not experience any meaningful delays in any service line collection from march 2020 to february 2020 and Peterman who's the executive director of swana had put out A quote that said a substantial number of cities are experiencing delays and waste collection as a result of COVID-19 pandemic so Again, we were very very happy to report that We did not I can tell you that our residents were We're sure happy as well. Did we make mistakes along the way? You know, did we get probably more missed pickups and have some hiccups? Absolutely we did But we tried very hard to rectify those issues as soon as we could We communicated with residents apologize profusely and and give the best we could So dedication and adherence to safety measures is really what allowed that to happen Because the ongoing availability of our staff and our equipment was paramount to success if we didn't have drivers that we didn't have people Doing data input Doing their job every day the the whole system wouldn't work so Funny thing happened along the way, right? We were doing so well managing a pandemic and So the insult the injury was snowmageddon The week of february 15th We actually for the first time in program history had no residential collection for a week There was a major snowstorm and believe it or not it got down to zero degrees here in Fort Worth I can attest to that. I lost our for three days.  I can tell you my family was miserable and the dog Did not enjoy that at all. So Again, the only reason that we couldn't collect is that we physically our partners couldn't drive on the street. So finally The nature found a way to to have us have a service interruption So with that, uh, I will just thank everybody for taking part in the music conference it's been a pleasure and a privilege to present today and uh for the city of Fort Worth to host this conference and uh, I'm looking forward to the other Events and I didn't think this one up myself. I listen to mpr and weather hosts has a great closing I think I'll I'll leave it at you know Please take care of yourself make you can take care of somebody else Thank you very much Hey, everyone. Um, I hope you enjoyed hearing from chris. I really wish he had been here Such a he's such a nice guy and he's a great asset to our city and I just love how we ended his presentation about Taking care of yourself and if you can you know, I'm taking care of somebody else as well Um, as I mentioned at the beginning if you do have any questions for chris I know he'd love to hear from you guys You can also email his co-worker vow her email address is at the top of the chat And if you want to leave any questions for chris and vow you can put them in the question tab Just include your contact information and I will be sure to Send it all in to them and I know that they'll be um excited to respond and hear from you guys as well Um, I also believe at the bottom of your screen. You should have chris's um picture there and I believe you can click on his um His picture and then you can access his email address as well So if you guys have any questions feel free to leave them there Um, and if not, I'm going to go ahead and say goodbye. Say, um, have a wonderful evening And hopefully you guys will join us for and one of our amazing neighborhood tours Um, they're going to start at 5 p.m. Um pick one out that sounds interesting But don't forget that you will be able to see all of them On demand. Um, I believe you can see most of them right now, which is kind of cool, but Um, by monday, you will be able to access all of the workshop sessions that you weren't able to attend and all of the other awards programs and also the neighborhood tours Um on monday, so thank you guys again for joining us for the new news conference. It's been So fun. I'm hosting it. Um, hopefully I'll see you this evening at one of our neighborhood tours And in the morning as we celebrate some more amazing neighborhoods and neighborhood programs at the awards