Good noon, ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to our program called Co-Discoverer Matthew Henson, Breaking Barriers of Polar Exploration During a Time of Segregation and Racism. If you are African-American in the second half of the 19th century, life was probably difficult for you, although not much easier than the previous 250 years under slavery. This was the Jim Crow era, a time when state and local laws were introduced to enforce racial discrimination and segregation. To African-Americans, these laws were significant barriers to dreaming, much less achieving life goals and the hope of a better existence. These were the barriers that Matthew Alexander Henson had to face from the day he was born. Joining me for discussion of his life and his achievements is a group of distinguished historians. It's my pleasure to introduce you to, first of all, Lacey Flint, Archivist and Curator of Research Collections at the Explorers Club in New York City. How you doing, Lacey? All right. Next we have- How great they are. There you go. Charlie Cadolacos, the Exhibitions Research and Content Editor from the Berkshire Museum in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Charlie. Nice to be here. There you go. And also we have Jason Vivori, Collections Manager, also from the Berkshire Museum. How you doing, Jason? Good. Nice to be here. All right. And we have Genevieve Lemoine, Curator Registrar from the Peary McMillan Arctic Museum at Boating College in Brunswick, Maine. And we're happy to have all of these panelists here today. It's nice to be here. Great. We'll start this out by talking about Matthew Henson's earlier life. He was born in, on August the 8th, 1866, in Nashville, Maryland, to sharecropper parents who were freed black Americans before the Civil War. Matthew's parents were subjected to attacks by the Ku Klux Klan and white supremacist groups who terrorized southern freedmen and former free people of color after the Civil War. Henson had an older sister and two younger sisters. His mother died when he was seven. His father remarried. And when he died, Matthew went to live with an uncle in Washington, D.C. He left school at the age of 12 and went to Baltimore where he ultimately became a cabin boy on a merchant ship called the Katie Hines. The ship's captain, Captain Charles, took Henson under his wing and taught him to read and write as well as seamanship and navigation. After Captain Charles died, Henson later returned to Washington and worked as a sales clerk at a clothing department store. And one of his customers was Robert E. Peary, who in November of 1887 hired Henson as a personal valet. Now, at that time, Peary was in the U.S. Navy as a civil engineer working on a survey in Nicaragua for a proposed canal, which later wasn't built in Nicaragua, it was built in Panama, and he took Henson along as his valet. Peary was impressed by Henson and subsequently recruited him as his first man on his Arctic expeditions. So now let's go to the panel here and talk about your early life a bit. First of all, Henson was born now and raised in a post-Civil War era. How difficult would it have been for an African-American to dream big and expect that those dreams might come true? Anyone is free to answer, don't be shy. It's all speculation. I mean, I'm not a 19th century historian by any means, but to me it would seem almost impossible for a young man in his position to have had the kinds of hopes and dreams to accomplish what he inevitably essentially did accomplish. But I'm always personally impressed with his decision as whatever he was, 12 years old, to get on a ship and get away. And I think that was maybe one of the most important decisions he ever made. Anybody else have any thoughts on that? It's pretty young to be faced with these kinds of decisions. Now, his early life was fractured. His mother died when he was very young. Then his father remarried. He had a couple of kids and then he died. He went to live with an uncle and then he went on board a ship sailing around the world, all at a very, very young age. In your opinion, how might these circumstances have impacted Hansen's expectations for the future? I think that just the experience of leaving America and traveling around the world probably really helped open his eyes to the different kinds of experiences that people can have outside of the Jim Crow life that he was living stuck in America. And that probably helped him to really think about what he wanted to do. Yeah, and it's also important to note, sorry, Jair, I didn't mean to cut you off. But I think it's also important to note, he was born in 1866. That's really only one year post-Civil War. So even calling it the post-Civil War era, although very accurate in terms of years, is really hard in terms of mentality and what's going on at that time culturally and legally everything that's happening. And then again, he was 12 when this happened. I mean, his father remarried. His stepmother was allegedly abusive. He had a really tough childhood. So to then say, you know what? I have to make something of myself, make a name for myself and kind of get on this ship. This feels like the only opportunity potentially that I could have and how often is something like this going to come around. So to make the most of that is also incredibly impressive just for anyone who's 12 years old to say, this is what I'm going to do. I'm going to join this ship. And luckily Captain Childs was fantastic, taught him so much of what he knew and also really became that father figure for him, which was a huge, huge piece of the puzzle there for his future success as well. She went up and now, of course, he probably didn't know, hence, and didn't know that Captain Childs was going to kind of adopt him, if you will, and be a positive influence on him. So probably in a way, he caught a break by becoming a cabin boy there. Now, then he was hired by Peary to be basically a valet or, I don't know, not a butler, but would you, do you think that that was considered a good position for a black man then? Was he, did Hanson catch a break there as well? Would that have been something about optimistic for him to get that job? What do you think about that? I think he knew, I think Peary knew when he hired Hanson that he would be taking him to Guatemala, or sorry, Nicaragua. Nicaragua. And I've always thought, you know, Hanson having had extensive experience traveling the world and then being stuck working in a shop in Baltimore, that would have been appealing to him. I don't, you know, in terms of work or pay or job security or whatever, I have no idea whether it would have been seen as a step up. But to me, it talks to Hanson's vision isn't quite the right word. But, you know, his openness to new experiences and his, you know, his love of being out of the United States to some extent. And just, yeah, his willingness to try new things and to just be out in the world. So basically, you know, with a tough and unfortunate in many ways upbringing, it turns out that Hanson probably finds himself as he is now connected with Peary as being luckier than maybe most of his contemporary African-American males during that time period. Yeah. I think he also made his own luck though, to some extent by being willing to take, like at 12 years old, going to see is a big risk. And he took that risk working for Peary and unknown going into Central America. That was a risk and he took it. And so in a sense, he made his own luck and his, I don't know, he's, you know, he's a very smart guy, a very skillful guy. And that I think must have also shone through all his experiences. It's, yeah. Yeah, I'm sorry. Oh, I was just gonna say he was more than lucky. He was, yeah. So let's follow his luck now to the next phase of his life from the time he met Peary and the two of them go to Greenland. That was in 1891 and in Greenland, you know, Henson, you know, he learned to trade with the Inuit people and learning Inuit language. Now, the northern Greenland Inuit, formerly known as the Polar Eskimos, refer to themselves as Inuguit. And Henson, while he was there, was very skilled driving dog sleds, training dog teams in the traditional indigenous way. He was also a skilled craftsman. He learned to hunt, learned to build igloos and he adapted to the Inuguit way of life. He had a good relationship apparently with the people there because they called him Maveri Pollock, the kind one. Now, Henson and Peary made seven voyages to the Arctic all the period of 23 years. They spent a total of 18 years on expeditions together and the journeys covered thousands and thousands of miles in dog sleds, ultimately reaching the farthest north point of any Arctic expedition up to 1908, 1909. Now, on one of his trips back home, Henson in 1891 marries Eva Flint, but the marriage did not survive because of the long periods of separation and they divorced in 1897. He later married Lucy Ross in New York City in 1907 and they had no children. But now back in Greenland during his expeditions they are both Henson and Peary, fathered children with Inuguit women. Henson's woman known as Akatinguah, if I'm pronouncing that correctly, he fathered his only child's son named Anuaka. Somebody's going to correct me. Anuaka. Say it again. Anuaka. Anuaka. Yep. Well, I might not pronounce it right, but he was born in 1906 and his mother, Anuaka, and now Akatinguah here. Say it again, please. Akatinguah was his mother. Akatinguah, yes. And that was the only child she had with Henson and Henson's only direct descendants. So now let's, we have some exhibits and some slides and things to show you now. So I'm going to turn it back to Ginny. And what have you got for us, Ginny? Well, Leif, we have the first slide. This is a photograph that I'd like a lot. It's from the 1890s, so from the earlier expeditions. And there you can see Matthew standing among a group of Inuit men and boys with a few, there's a few women in the background there on the left side. And he's wearing a wool jacket, but underneath you can see he's completely dressed in traditional Inuit clothing. He's got on polar bear fur pants like all the other men and seal skin, chemics and boots that have been made, but all of that clothing has been made by Inuit women. All the people on Perry's Expeditions did dress mostly in fur clothing while they were there. But Henson seems to have taken to it like a, I don't know, like a duck to water. It's, he's clearly very comfortable among the people. And even though this was early on in his time in Greenland, he's at home and they are at home with him. I think that's what I get out of this photograph. It's, he was a very personable guy and people there still talk about him in a very loving way. You know, he was called Mary Pollock, the kind one, and everyone still remembers him that way. So he's by no means forgotten in the community even though it was over a hundred years ago that he was last there. If we want to move to the next slide, let's see, there we go. So this is another image that I like very much. This one was taken in Battle Harbor in Newfoundland and Labrador in 1909 when the North Pole Expedition was on its way home. And so this is a press photograph. You can see four members of the expedition dressed in different kinds of furs sitting on a sledge on board the ship, the Roosevelt. And there's lots and lots to talk about with this photograph and we'll talk about some of these things in more detail later. The sledges we'll talk about and particularly the clothing that Henson is wearing. You'll see images of that in a little bit. To me, what attracts me to this photograph is that it shows both the kind of clothing that the men wore on the long dog sledge trip up to the North Pole. So the guy in the middle or up there, you can see he's wearing a very light sheepskin parka which Piri had the Inuit women make. So the men wouldn't get too hot while they were working in minus 40 degree weather pushing sledges over big ridges of ice. So that was a working clothing. And then on the left-hand side, McMillan and on the right-hand side, Bob Bartlett are wearing caribou for parkas which the men would have used to sleep in. They would have changed out of their sweaty sheepskin parkas into dry caribou parkas which are warmer for when they're sleeping on the trail. And there's Matthew Henson sitting on the sledge wearing a beautiful fox fur parka. This is a traditional Inuit parka that was made for him probably by Akatingwa. It's the kind of parka she would have made for her brothers, husbands, fathers. All the Inuit men wore these fox fur parkas for warmth or they wore, if they wanted something cooler, they'd wear a seal skin parka. They didn't usually wear caribou parkas. They never wore sheepskin parkas unless Piri gave them one, I guess. But he proudly wearing that beautiful, very traditional Inuit parka just talks a lot to me about how well integrated he was into that community. None of the other men had loving wives to make parkas for them, but he did. So that's one of the things I really like about that image. It's a kind of hidden message the public would not have recognized the importance of that particular style of clothing when they saw this image. But if you know anything about Matthew Henson, you can discern that message. If we want to move to the next slide, this is a photograph of Anoka. So after 1909, of course, Henson was never able to get back to Greenland. So he never saw Anoka again. But Donald McMillan, who you saw in the last picture, he continued to go into the Arctic up into the 1950s and he met Anoka lots of times and worked with him and took photographs of him. This photograph is from 1924. And we also know from correspondence we have in the archives here that Henson and McMillan stayed in contact. So there's no direct evidence, but we assume that McMillan was able to keep Matthew Henson apprised of how well Anoka was doing. He grew up to be a very successful hunter with his own children and he now has many descendants still living in the community. So this is a lovely portrait. McMillan took many portraits of people in the community and we have later pictures of Anoka as well going up into the 30s and 40s. So this is, we think, one way that Matthew could have had continued to have a little bit of contact with his son when he was himself was unable to return to the Arctic. And finally, the last, not the next slide. It's not the last slide by any means. There we go. This is about Henson and about the Inuit. So on the right hand side, you can see a model, a small model that was made as a souvenir of a traditional sledge from Northern Greenland. So it's made of wood. It's lashed together with seal skin. It's great for driving dogs over the sea ice. It's exactly what you need. And on the left, you can see the Hubbard sledge, which is one of the sledges that went to the North Pole with Peary. He then gave it to General Thomas Hubbard, who was one of his big backers, another Bowdoin graduate. So Hubbard donated it to Bowdoin College and it's still here. It was, of course, made by Matthew Henson. Most of the carpentry work on the expeditions was done by Henson. He had other people helping him, of course. He didn't do every single bit of work himself. And we can talk more about the sledges later because we'll see other photographs of them as well. The story I have about this one that I really like is a piece I recently found that Macmillan wrote but never published, describing how Henson was working on the sledges. And you can see it's a little easier to see in the model how they're lashed together with seal skin. And the Inwood Hunters making their own sledges, those lashings have to be very, very tight, of course, and they would use their teeth to pull on them, to tighten them. And Macmillan describes watching as Henson making these North Pole sledges did exactly that, tightened the lashings with his teeth. And then when he was finished, the elder Inwood Hunters came over and looked at his work, his handiwork, and nodded approvingly. And he'd done it right. He'd learned from them and he'd learned his lessons well. I don't want to go on too long. You can talk about all these things a lot and we can touch on these things in more detail later.  All right, great. You know, one of the things that always fascinated me is that Henson was able to learn the, that native language, Inukton. Yeah. How difficult was that to learn? Did a lot of the polar explorers bother to learn a language? Not a lot. Here he could speak it not as fluently as Henson. Donald Macmillan learned to speak it as well, although people told me he had a funny accent and they used to tease him. They never said that about Henson. I don't know. It's, Inukton is, it is challenging for Westerners to learn because it's a very agglutinative language. So what we might say in one long sentence, they would say in one long word with a base word and a lot of suffixes and infixes and things like that. So it's, it's formed very differently. So it can be challenging, but certainly people do learn it and it seems sounds like Henson was good with languages as some lucky people are. How about you, Judy? Can you speak this language? No, I know a few words and names of animals, names of foods and things like that, but I cannot speak it. Now, Henson had a good relationship as we know with the Inugwit. I'm wondering your opinion.  Did they treat the indigenous people essentially the same as, as Henson did? And, and was that a reciprocal relationship? Did they like those polar explorers as much? I think it varied to a great deal.  He was more, I don't know, people were sometimes, they liked him, but they were frightened of him. They trusted him, but they weren't friends with him. Whereas Henson just fit into the community more. He, I don't know whether it was a combination of his personality and, you know, just as a, as a human being, and because people perhaps found him less threatening, they were more open to making, being a friend with him. A few others managed it. McMillan became friends with people, you know, once he learns the language. Before that, earlier explorers, no, nobody, no earlier explorers had any significant relationships that you would think of with the Inuit that could be considered friendly, but subsequently as, you know, into the 20th century, white people, you know, Americans, Canadians, British people working in the Arctic were more likely to establish friendships with the, the men and women they were working with, but nobody I think was ever quite as integrated into the community as Henson. Right. So, and I would actually attribute some of that later, those later explorers to Henson and his successful relationships because they were so strong and that, you know, really did come across so well as part of his legacy, you know, Bill Haumer, Stephenson, who was a little bit later, who's the 1920s completely credited his, credited his success in the Arctic with becoming friends with the Inuit and working with them. And it was because of Matthew Henson's lead that that happened. Now, Pyrrion and Henson made a lot of expeditions during this time. And so I'm curious, if Pyrrion and Henson had never actually gone to the North Pole in 1908-1909 trip, would they have been as famous? How important were these earlier expeditions that they took? And would they have been that noteworthy had they not done that final one in 1908-1909? Well, Henson, not so much. Pyrrion was very, you know, the newspapers followed all his expeditions throughout the early 20th century. So he was already pretty famous by 1908. And Henson, I think less so because of the nature of American society at that time. I don't think it would have, they would have had the enduring legacy. Perhaps, you know, they, his, the work would have more of, would have sort of faded a little bit more if there hadn't been the North Pole to attach it to. I don't know what others think. I would definitely agree with that. Yeah. I mean, I think, you know, they, so this is as a whole, this period is the Golden Age of Polar Exploration. People are pushing those boundaries of further North trying to be the first expedition to get there. Countries are mounting them and supporting them, you know, through government funding. So they final North Pole headline certainly helps. And one other question here. So both period Henson had a child with a Native woman. How typical was this of early Polar Explorers? Pretty typical. Yeah, there are certainly other, Stephenson, for example, had a family, Flaherty, a little later, he had a family. One of the Bartlets had a son in Northwest Greenland as well. And there's another, another man that people have told me was fathered by a Norwegian, but they didn't know who. And that's, you know, that's just within that Inuit community. So yeah, it's common. Did they, did they tend to keep up with the children that they had or were they like period Henson when it was time to go home? They just went home. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. They just went home. They just went home. And just finally, before we go on, can you say a few words about the Inugud people themselves? I mean, how did they get to Greenland? How long were they there? Where did they come from? So population of Greenland is complicated, a little bit complicated. All of the Inuit originated in, you know, sort of the Bering Strait region. Greenland was first populated around 4500 years ago by migrants out of that area. And then around 800 years ago, another group of migrants came across and those are the direct ancestors of the contemporary Inuit. So they arrived in Greenland around 1200 AD. And basically they have been as far as we can tell in that area of Greenland and lots of other places in Greenland ever since then. There's some possibility that there was a break in occupation, but we haven't, archaeologically, we haven't really been able to identify it. So they originally came from, you know, Alaska, the Bering Strait area. They've been in Greenland for a very long time. Okay. And I'm sorry about my video camera that just went off on its own and will probably come back.  So we'll just go from here for a while. So that moves us now to 1908, 1909. Piri is now mounting his final attempt to reach the North Pole. And this expedition was large. He, Piri wanted to establish a series of caches along the way, along the roots of the North so that they would have enough food and supplies to get there and get back. So when Piri and Henson board their ship, the Roosevelt's, they left Greenland August 18th, 1908. They were accompanied by 22 Inuguit men, 17 Inuguit women, 10 children, 246 dogs, 70 tons of whale meat, 50, the meat and blubber of 50 walruses. They had hunting equipment and had tons and tons of coal. And then on February 1909, Henson and Piri depart from their ship from Cape Sheridan on Ellesmere Islands. And they began laying the final trail and caching supplies in route to the North Pole. Now on that final stretch, Piri selects Henson and for Inuguit as part of that final team of six to make the final run at the pole. Before they got there, Piri could no longer continue on foot and he rode in a dog sled. He was having trouble because he had lost eight of ten of his toes to frostbite prior to this expedition. So he sat in the sledge and he sent Henson ahead to scout and then Henson later claims that he was the first to reach the North Pole. Now, when they came back, the claim by Piri's team that they reached the North Pole was widely debated in the newspapers at the time, as was the competing claim by Frederick Cook. The National Geographic Society, which I believe may have been a sponsor of this, as well as the Naval Affairs Subcommittee of the U.S. House of Representatives, both credited Piri's team with having reached the North Pole. But others remain doubtful. A reassessment of Piri's notebook by British Polar Explorer Wally Herbert in 1988 found it, quote, lacking an essential data on, quote, thus renewing doubts about Piri's claim. So that's a brief description of that ship to the North Pole that made them famous or made Piri famous at the time. We have some more exhibits to show you here. And so we'll turn it back over to Charlie. You want to take it here? Sure. So the Berkshire Museum has both the sledge, one of the sledges that made the final trip to the North Pole, as well as Henson's first suit. So this is the sledge that we're looking at right now. I think that, as Jenny was saying earlier, talking about like the lashing, so the sledge was designed by Piri and then built and maintained by Henson. And I think it really exemplifies the collaborative nature of this expedition in the combination of the traditional Inuit technique of the lashing, as opposed to using pins to withstand the harsh sea ice of the North Pole and then the slanted upstanders were in addition changed by were changed from just the straight upstanders by Piri, which gave the sledge more lifting capabilities. So they were able to transport up to I think 1200 pounds of supplies on just the single sledge. And we can move to the next slide. Look at the Henson first suit as well. Jason, if you want to talk a bit about the materials used here, that would be great. Yes. So the first suit, the parka is made of blue fox, which is a blue fox fur, which is a polymorph of the arctic fox. It's a variant of it. You can see underneath there is the flannel shirt that was underneath of the suit. And then of course the pants are polar bear and then the boots are seal skin. I think this one's really interesting having seen that picture earlier with Matthew Henson in it because you can see that this is the exact design. This is that suit from that image in an interesting piece. Is this the actual suit from that photo that he was wearing? I believe so. It is Matthew Henson suit. It was given by Matthew Henson to Zenas Crane. And we have some letters that between Zenas Crane and Matthew Henson were Henson things of first kindness and they had a visit and Zenas Crane had read his book and then Henson made a gift of the suit to Zenas Crane which came to the Berkshire Museum. It's great. Now I believe Lacey, you have some things to show us as well. I do. Yes. So I have the, I have the Explorers Club has the mittens that Henson wore. So if we can get that. I'm sorry. Did you, Jason and Charlie want to talk about this photo? So yeah, this is just us taking the suit out for some filming for filming that video that you just saw. It was most recently displayed along with the sledge. I believe last summer and when we were talking about exploration and just like human, the human drive to go to extreme places. And so it was really, it was a great experience to work on writing some more interpretation for that exhibition and kind of update the way we were framing the expedition and the importance of both Henson as well as the Inuit men and women who were really essential in having the expedition be successful. I would also comment where we're wearing disposable lab coats in the picture because the, well, the park are particularly is very soft and supple, which is very nice. It's been well maintained. But as happens with these older pieces like this, when you have skins that have maintained that a level of elasticity, a lot of it has to do with the fact they've been at some point treated with some sort of arsenic compound or something of that nature to protect it from, you know, infestation in the future. But we're just taking a little bit extra precaution because of that, we suspect there's some level of treatment to the piece when it arrived. Well, it looks great. Lacey, do you, do you have something else? Sure. Yeah. So these are the mittens that go with it and I can have the, if I could have the next slide, please. Thank you so much. So that's a photo. Here they are in reality. So you can see sort of the size. This is a seal skin mitten and Henson actually inscribed them worn by me to it, it of course, being the North Pole and he gifted them to the explorers club when he became a member here in 1937. So you can see this is sort of the, the exterior layer of course, seal skin being fantastic for waterproofing. And then you have more of the, the warm flare and this is the sort of the interior mitten, right with the seal fur and then the polar bear fur cuff. And these were actually just recently brought back from conservation. So we know there's no arsenic on them. They have been treated, which is why I don't need the protective suit in case anyone was worried about that. But yeah, I mean, it's, it's fantastic to see how they've held up and, you know, to sort of just think about that human experience of, you know, bringing these items with you, you know, and having them, having worked with and collaborated with the Inuit people to, to have created these items. The other thing that's important to note too, kind of back to the sledges is, you know, Henson writes that when you're doing these lashings, right, you can't wear these really cumbersome gloves or mittens or things like that.  And of course, you're in the Arctic, it's freezing cold. So he would say, you know, you could really only lash one or two pieces before having to stick your hands back into your gloves and kind of regain that warmth to, to kind of complete the job. Again, just another sort of incredible thing when you're thinking about the logistics of planning for and actually executing an expedition. And up next, we see some lantern slides that are part of the Explorers Club collection. If I could get the next slide and this kind of shows you and I'll show you another slide as well. Some of the images that were taken in the field on the actual expedition itself. So the, the image of the map there, these I should also mention lantern slides. It's actually the first form of projected image. These are actually small glass slides that in many cases have been hand colored. So this is from our North Pole collection from that 1908, 1909 expedition. So the top image you see there in the corner is a map of the region. So if you're looking at the very, very top corner there, that's where Ellesmere Island is. It's hard because I can't really point to it for you on the map and I'm sure you can't really see it. But to give you some context, that's where they were to the left that ship. There is the SS Roosevelt and you can see it did get stuck in the ice. Ultimately, they had to wait a very long time before they could sail home from Cape Sabine. And then in the bottom corner, I think it's always really interesting to point out, you know, you can see Robert Perry there in the center with the mustache. And these members of the expedition team are dressed kind of in their formal gear, right? They're a nice formal where they're heading up embarking on this journey in really fairly normal regular clothes for the time. And again, that really speaks to preparedness. Very often explorers say, you know, there's no no bad conditions. You have to be prepared for everything, right? Really only bad gear and bad prep. What Robert Perry is wearing there is a great example of really bad gear and bad prep. You know, they're sort of just getting on in their Sunday best and there are so many examples of expeditions, early expeditions where the expedition teams actually died, frostbite, all of that because of their inappropriate gear and again speaks to Matthew Henson's spirit and his, you know, craftiness and skillfulness in realizing the Inuit people live here. They probably figured out what works and what doesn't. Let's learn from them. Let's live with them. So I would like to point that out as well. And if I could get the next slide, please. Thank you so much. I love this large photo, this larger photo here because you can see Henson. He's right there in the center sort of by that crack in the slide itself, but he's there in the center surrounded by the Inuit community and the members of that expedition team. And again, all dressed in very traditional clothing, speaking to that spirit of collaboration. You can see them again. He's eating with them that in that photo at the top there with the tent, you know, really embracing life with them. And then of course we've included a formal portrait of a sled dog because why not? There were so many of them on the expedition as well. And with that, I think. Yeah, thank you, Lacey. So now period on the on the on this last segment on his way to the North Pole of all of the expedition members here that that went with him. If he chooses Henson and four Nougat hunters, Utah, Gengua, Siglu and Oquia to accompany him on this final push. Why did he pick those guys, those five guys specifically to make that final dash? Well, I can jump in. I think he obviously he picked Henson. He gives conflicting reasons for picking picking Henson, but realistically, because he couldn't really function without Henson in the field. Both as an aid and as an interface between the Inuit because he had much better relationships with them and things like that. And he was an excellent dog sled driver. The other men he picked because they were the best. Also dog sled drivers, the best workers. Utah in particular had worked with him on many, many expeditions and I wouldn't say they were close, but they did have a very good working relationship and Utah later talked about the amount of respect that he had for Peary. And even though that they thought going to the North Pole was pretty pointless, you know, they had an understanding of that this was something Peary wanted to do and Peary would pay them well to do it with them. But yeah, he was the kind of person who would just he would find the best person for the job and get them to do the job. That was so they were best, you know, hunters, the best dogs, like drivers, the most healthy, you know, they hadn't injured themselves on the trail or anything like that. So, but it's been said that Peary chose them because he didn't want any other white polar explorers to go along with him. So, to what extent is that is that true? That yes, he was picking. He didn't want the best guys to go with him, but at the same time he wanted most of the fame for himself. Is that a fair evaluation that some people have? I certainly think that could be a fair assessment. It's certainly one of the reasons people claim he chose Henson. I mean, yes, I do believe he chose Henson because he was the best person for the job. Peary has a very long history of choosing him for that reason. But when you think about these these explorers, right, ego is absolutely part of it. So, you know, Bob Bartlett was the last to turn back. He turned back at 87 degrees north latitude. And you know, with him, I don't want to say out of the way, so to speak, but there could be really no other claim for Peary to say anybody else, you know, any other white man had had reached the pole first. It would have, you know, ostensibly been him because he was the only one up there at that point. And in terms of, you know, recognition and fame, at that point, Bartlett had certainly not equal recognition and fame as Peary. He was very, very young and early in his career. He would later gain significant recognition and, you know, there absolutely could have been some early perception from Peary that, you know, Bartlett could claim you could take could steal some of his thunder. Who's to say? But now after all these years together, Peary and Henson, the relationship changed forever on that trip. Does anyone want to speak to to that? Was it jealousy? Was it, you know, the fact that Henson claimed that he was there first? I mean, I mean, something definitely happened and changed him forever, I would say. I think there was a combination of things. One, Peary was, you know, he was very good at picking the best person for the job. But he was also, I think, historian Lyle Dick has described him as being very instrumentalist. That is, he would pick the best person and then when they weren't the best person anymore, he was done with them. And to some extent Henson's role once they got to the North Pole was over. He didn't, Peary did not need him anymore.  And Peary did not want him to and Henson went ahead and did it anyways because he had, he needed the money. He didn't, you know, he had no job. Peary didn't need him anymore and he didn't have any job and in those days in, you know, at that point he was in New York, you know, his options were extremely limited. So there was an opportunity for him to make a living and he took it. And that was a real, Peary was extremely angry about that, I think. And that really, whatever divide was there before that just widened it. One other question on this segment of Henson's life and this expedition 1908-1909. So Dr. Frederick Cook says, well, he was there or before them, they were here before them. How strong was his case?  It wasn't a very strong claim. I mean, it was later, there's always going to be controversy over whether Peary and Henson actually made it to the pole. You know, it just will always exist. Right now the best we can do is say if they didn't actually get there, they got very, very close and certainly wore the closest. Cook's claim really, I don't want to say came out of nowhere, but essentially he kind of went up on this expedition and in terms of speed and how quickly he did it. You know, in terms of actual commentary from Matthew Henson that he had heard from Inuit who had been with Cook on the so-called North Pole, his so-called North Pole Discovery Expedition that they never lost sight of Elzmere Island, which isn't possible if you're heading to the North Pole. So, you know, there were a lot of factors in there that ultimately could discredit that claim and it ultimately was discredited. Granted, Peary had a lot to do with that in terms of sort of a smear campaign, if you want to say it that way. He certainly had the press going and, you know, was able to talk to Congress about it and sort of they ended up voting who got their first, you know, it was a really, really contentious time. But in terms of Cook's claim, back to the original question, it scientifically likely wasn't possible. Right. Let's then go on to the final segment of Henson's life here, post 1909. When he returns from the Pole in 1909, Henson is honored by dinners within the Black community, but during the following decades, Admiral Peary received many honors for leading the expedition to the Pole, but Henson's contributions were largely ignored. And in 1912, Henson published a memoir about his arctic explorations called a Negro Explorer at the North Pole. And in it, he describes himself as, quote, a general assistant, skilled, craftsperson, interpreter and laborer, unquote. He later, Henson later collaborates with the author Bradley Robinson in 1947 to write a biography, Dark Companion, which told more about his life. So Henson spent most of the next 30 years working on staff in the U.S. Customs House in New York, and he later gained a measure of attention and recognition. For example, in 1937, Henson was admitted as a member of the Explorers Club in New York City. In 1948, he was made an honorary member. In 1944, Congress awarded him and five other Peary Aids, duplicates of the Peary Polar Expedition Medal, a silver medal that was given to Peary, and Presidents Truman and Eisenhower both honored Henson. In March of 1955, Matthew Henson died in the Bronx at age 88 and was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery. He was survived by his wife, Lucy, and after she died in 1968, she was buried with him. And then 20 years later, in 1988, both their bodies were removed for internment in the Arlington National Cemetery. Thus bringing an end to a long and glorious life for Matthew Henson. We have, I think, a slide right here. Yeah, I think this is, is this your slide, Jenny? Do you want to? Yeah, this is a very early 20th century piece of ephemera. It's a cigarette card. They were these collectible cards that came packaged with cigarettes in those days. And this company, Hassan Tobacco, had a series, the world's greatest explorers that had, you know, Henry Hudson and Greeley and lots and lots of different explorers of the day, usually the names we associate with big expeditions. And then the period was in there, of course, and then there was Matthew Henson and he's the only sort of non-scientist big name explorer included in this, certainly the only African-American included in this whole series. And I, I like it because I attribute his inclusion to the fact that the series, all the paintings in the series were done by Alberto Perti, who was an artist, who knew Henson. He'd been on summer expeditions with Piri and Henson to the Arctic and the fact that he knew Henson and he knew how important Henson was to the expeditions and what a big role he had in them. That personal connection caused him to convince somehow this tobacco company among all the white people, all the white men, there's one woman, an old sea of white men in this collectible card series to include Matthew Henson in there. And I think that just speaks to the impact Henson had on the people who knew him and, you know, people could see how important he was, what a big role he had in all of these things. So to me, it's, it's very early 1910 was when he was issued. And after that, it was probably, you know, until he published his book, not much attention paid to him, but this is something to me that really stands out as unusual for this time period. And, and I think Lacey, you have something to show us as well. Yeah, so from our archives here at the explorers club, if I could get the next slide, please, and I'll just go through these quickly because I know we're short on time here. But the first item that you'll see is a citation that was granted. This is the press release for a bust that was being put up in Henson's honor at the time was the National Association for the Advancements of Color People. This was in 1955. So this was actually right after his right before his death. I'm sorry, this was in February and he he would die in March. But this again speaks to his legacy and how he need how he was honored and would be honored and really sort of, you know, would would his legacy would continue forward. The title of his is the going and getting forward, which I think is really remarkable. The next slide that we have a similar situation. This is another sketch done by Albert O'Pairty here based on this photograph. This was from to kind of speak to his legacy. This is from an article published in 1966 in the American history, the illustrated history of America. And essentially this article was based on an interview done during Matthew Henson's life with the author. So this was actually done about 20 years prior to publication in this and again speaks to, you know, telling that story and giving him the credit that he deserved. And then our final slide that we have, and I love this because again speaks to pop culture and and kind of getting the word out to the masses in this comic book called The Golden Legacy. You see him and Harry reaching the North Pole. And again, just speaking to the audiences that they're trying to reach and capture and, you know, share this story with comic. Excellent. Yeah, it does show. I do love it shows Harry arriving to the pole after Henson had already gotten there and built in a glue, which I think is fantastic as well. Well, this brings us to the end of the panel. And in summarizing, excuse me, a hundred and fourteen years after his death to the North Pole with Piri and for Nguyen Hunters 1909. Matthew Henson is finally getting the recognition and appreciation he deserves. After being virtually ignored after after the epic voyage, Henson has now been regarded as the co-discoverer of the North Pole alongside Robert Piri. Excuse me. And parenthetically, I believe that the four Nguyen Hunters who are with Piri and Henson should also be given credit as co-discoverers of the North Pole. As I look back on Henson's long life, I believe his most enduring legacy is not as a great polar explorer, but as a man from humble beginnings who despite all odds was able to rise above discrimination and racism of his era to become an extraordinary person worthy of admiration and respect. The lesson from Henson's life is that if you want something badly enough and you try hard enough, you can overcome any barriers that are placed in your way. And although Henson was African-American, his life lesson applies to everyone, thus making him an inspiration and a role model for all of us. I'd like to thank all of you for joining us today on our panel discussion, and I also like to thank our panelists for being here and all the artifacts and exhibits that they've shown. Thank you very much.


Trini girl natural Hi, everyone. Welcome back to my channel I went to the ubiquitous hair show and there's actually the first hair show that I ever went to and now to the part of some of us May have been waiting for the whole so let me show you what I got. So I started off slow and Kind of went crazy and then slowed down again So it was interesting because I guess when you when you saw the below you kind of saw okay I'm not seeing anything to buy. Oh, okay. I've got this one thing. Oh snap Camaro's ten of us for everything and then kind of like Okay, I'll try this and so on so I did impulse buy a couple things I may have somewhat regret one or two things. We'll see but overall it was a good shopping experience And now I'm back at trying to get my stash down So the first hair product I got was the hair gel that I kind of randomly got I think they have a lot of those like black hair products like Petrolatum full hair products But I just happened to see these with some finish labels and I took a look at them and it turned out to not be so bad at all So I definitely was like, oh, okay. So these are the ingredients and Then I got like three of these for ten dollars. I was like, okay, because it's like six ounces So that's like 18 ounces for ten dollars. So it's interesting you can almost see the kind of Camaro's this thing Like it does have pectin, but it also has Xanthum gum. So I'm looking forward to trying this You can see it's very thick So it's gonna be an interesting try and it's really scent But it's kind of a fresh light scent and it does kind of say it'll work for a wash and go because it says applying Session by section to wet hair and scrunch wash and go. I'm afraid I'll be trying this soon It's definitely gonna be interesting because it's really thick and kind of solid. So you see how that goes The second thing I got was this lip bar. So it's like a vegan lip color. I am kind of a looker for Natural body stuff and like makeup and stuff. So I saw this. I was like, oh, okay. So I did try it on and I didn't really feel like it really did the perfect job in terms of like Going on evenly and distributing evenly and moisturizing But I had all other stuff and I had taken it off with cleansing cloth So I wanted to give it a try on its own and it wasn't that bad I really still wanted to try it when I got home kind of on a fresh face So I'm looking forward to trying this I guess I'll let you guys know if you're interested and let me know if you want to see Me put it on because I'm not a makeup person But if you just want to see me put this lipstick one, I could probably manage that. So it's just a Cartoon I don't even know what people call these things. I'm not a makeup person. These are the ingredients So as you can see it's pretty natural. It's more natural a lot of things So not bad at all. I wouldn't mind trying this out. It works pretty well for How natural it is. I just got one. It was like $12. It's just still kind of steep, but I Wanted to try it out. You know, like brownish pinkish reddish and I went to Camilla was that kind of that's my entry It was like 10 dollars for everything. So I was like, whoo, I restocked the only thing I got it I've never tried is the spritz. I restocked on these butters. I Love both of these butters. I got these like ten dollars for everything. Like I said, and I got me two curl makers So this is like 12 ounces. So ten dollars each You all know and love the curl maker at least I do and I got a couple Camilla rose samples Just because I was an Ashken and she was an Ashken fan So she gave us these two after she recognized Ashken and this was in the bag So this is the coconut water leaving I'll use that or how I use that I can't give it away But I got the also the sweet ginger cleansing rinse sample But it also wasn't really for me and this aloe whip butter gel, which I love So I was hoping that the caramel cool wash would be there, but it wasn't so actually and pick up a couple caramel cool washes or I might just skip it for this year because I Who washes caramel cool washes kind of left to my staff So they're all pick up some from her touchy or kill not just kind of based on how Black Friday goes So right now for sure Black Friday. I'm getting she sent it. Everything else is kind of up in the air I want to get this so kind of kills frizz with but that's pretty much all I need from so kind of goes right now Because I have tons of stuff. I want to get the basket bloom in conditioner, but I'm not sure You know just based on the shipping and everything I'll decide for that She said it is the only one where I want enough for sure to have free shipping, but that's about Friday He pages me plenty around for that Friday. That's like our yearly holiday Oh, I got the Camaro's whole and everybody silent Like I was crazy when I was there because I was like, okay I'm taking one of this one of this one of this and two of that it was Oh, I mean, maybe so I went about time to dry and they were saying it's really good for drying your roots because it has these little Heat bands so you can kind of heat up to your roots The only other one I know kind of like that is a diva but the diva kill one is kind of big and might just frizz out your hair So that's what it's kind of too small in terms of the teeth I would have liked something a little in between But I can give us a try and see what helps to dry my roots So I'm really lazy to blow dry on the whole so that's when it's gonna help because I just hate the whole Actual go drying part so but we'll see this and the lipstick was kind of random on both of these like so You know I kind of like the last thing I got the very last thing I got was even body work So I wasn't necessarily gonna get anything But what I like to do is kind of go to all this any new lines out So they happen to have some new stuff so I decided to check it out I got all three of these for $15 lotion, which I need and a body wash Which is nice to try out especially for stars being solar salaries or something and I can like get these on sale So the ingredients are pretty nice It has the cleansers, but it has like honey and like oils and stuff So this would be interesting to try so I'm glad I kind of picked this up I'm out of a juice shea butter Mango fruit extract. I'm an oil sunflower oil Glycerin and honey, so that sounds really good. The lotion and stuff is pretty similar in terms of ingredients I mean active ingredient like the actual working ingredient is different because this one has the surfactants, but the Perk ingredients are pretty similar in terms of the honey and aloe and stuff like that the oils I'm the same thing with this. So it's coconut shea and vitamin E It smells like kind of like lotion. I guess this is a lotion. It smells kind of a typical lotion. I do smell that coconut shea scent and they all kind of smell similarly as I Guess because they tend to go similarly in terms of their scents across the line So I like that they are getting into body stuff Maybe this could be my new body line like my new kind of in-store body line could be eaten I'd be happy with that. I did get this for free. This elixir. I have a million of these already So it's kind of unfortunate that this is what I got for free. I haven't tried it yet This was in my wet things wet stash Wet things stash video, so I'll probably link that so you guys can check out But it's one of those things that I'm like, okay, I have it How do I really use it? Besides that, I got these my aloe hair milk I don't think I tried this before so I'm looking forward to giving this a try Because I do like my own terms of the ingredients most of the time. It's just a sense of me like so I'll give this a try and I'll probably let you guys know I have to do like a samples video or just a sample using video because I have a lot of samples So I have never used them because you have to kind of be prepared and plan ahead to Figure out what you want to do. I need to do a sample using and maybe a little sample Whole sample stash video for you guys so you can see what samples have. The other sample I got was from this Sasha Pure and She gave us some and then we kind of swung around again and she was giving us more and then I was like But I already have some because I just take him I don't want to go home with them So I ended up getting like six of these So I have lots of these samples So it's like shampoo conditioner and some kind of hair elixir hair scalp and skin elixir So probably an oil. I think the ingredients some of them look better than others So I probably have to go online. I don't see the ingredients on the sample Probably have to go online remind myself which ones have the all clear ingredients and which ones may have been not for me But yeah Sample all coming up soon. So that was pretty much it. Thanks so much for watching Subscribe for more content. See you in the next one. Bye


Right? We all had a good break. Can you all hear me? Okay. Great. So yeah, let's get started from where we left off. So we looked at the throne room of God and everything that goes on there and that this continuous worship and an intercession happening in the very throne room of God and a note from there is how our churches here on earth should kind of emulate the same. So let's worship and intercession to be on earth as it is in heaven. Let's look at some of the movements of prayer and worship that's happened in history. One is at the bottom of page 93, we see we read about Alexander Archimedes and the sleepless ones. That's what his team was known as. So around 400 AD, a monk named Alexander Archimedes gathered between 300 and 400 monks in Constantinople where he established La Peronis, which simply means a continual prayer. He did that to fulfill Paul's exhortation to pray without seizing in 1 Thessalonians 5 or 17. So they were driven from Constantinople, the monks established a monastery at Gorman at the mouth of the Black Sea. This became the founding monastery for the order of Archimedes, literally the sleepless ones. So this is again going around the clock prayer 24 hours, 7 days a week. That is one of the moments and the other one which is the most prominent and very famous movement in history is the moment of the Moravians in 1727 founded by Zinzendorf. It happened in a small village kind of sitting in Germany, which are known as a herring hut. So basically he gathered together 24 women and 24 men to pray around the clock just to have that cycle of prayer as what we would call it. The prayer chain as I've seen some of the churches kind of follow that now. So he had it back then in the 17th century and what amazed me is that that movement went on for 100 years. This prayer meeting would go on for non-stop, non-stop 24 hours. Day after day, week after week, for 100 years. That must have been an amazing move of God, isn't it, in history. And then we've all read about or learnt a little bit about David Jong-il Cho and he did the same thing, established something called the prayer mountain in Seoul, South Korea with night and day prayer. Prayer mountain was soon attracting over a million visitors per year as people would spend retreats in the prayer cells provided on the mountain. And so that kind of led to his church growing exponentially. This is again in the 70s and the 80s. It became a huge talk, isn't it, how this church in South Korea is growing at an exponential rate. And all of that at the root of it was going after the heart of God, pressing in for more and his house being a house of prayer and intercession. And that led to the growth of the church. Now growth is always, it could be more Christians being added or it could be so many non-Christians who've given their lives and they are being added to the church. So that's another movement and one of, in the present days, one of the most popular moments is the International House of Prayer that is located in Kansas City, the United States. Also known as IHOP, International House of Prayer. So let me just share of what I'm sure most of you have already seen it or know what IHOP is, but then I thought we'll just take a look at it. That was just a quick snippet of the International House of Prayer, what goes on there. And I mean, your notes, you'd see it was started in September 19th of 1999. 1999, 2009, 2019. And worship and prayer and intercession has been going on and on since that day, September 19th. And it still goes on. So what I played for us is a live feed of what is happening at the House of Prayer. So started off in a small room with a few people and just turned out to be this incredible movement in the 2000s. And yeah, and I've been blessed immensely by that ministry. Just immensely, immensely by their worship, challenged by their lifestyle, et cetera. And also, there's another ministry here in Bangalore called Face to Face Foundations. They started in 2010, 2011. So we've had a couple of moments of not throughout, but then we used to do this 24 hours of worship. We did that for one week and we did it for two weeks. We did it for three weeks. And let me tell you, it might sound great. I said, wow, one week of just prayer and worship. It is great. Trust me, it's awesome. But it's also very physically tasking, very, very tasking. Especially if you don't have enough people to roster and just go down the clock. You can't go, you can't go approach a set in House of Prayer or something like that with a set of four set song list. I have four songs or five songs. We can't because some of the worship sets will go on for three hours or four hours. And so what are you going to do? But then it is challenging. It can get tiring, but then it's just a beautiful experience to just be part of it. I can only imagine how David Tabernacle would have looked like and seemed like, isn't it? Right. Day and night is another, we see in Isaiah chapter 62, 6 and 7. I have said to watch men on your walls or Jerusalem. They shall never hold their peace day or night. You who make mention of the Lord do not keep silent. I give him no rest till he establishes and till he makes Jerusalem a praise in the earth. Look 18 verse 1 and verse 7 says, Then he spoke a parable to them that men always ought to pray and not lose heart. And shall God not avenge His own elect who cry out day and night to Him. I like this Psalm 134 verse 1 to 3. Psalm 134, I'm not sure if I've mentioned this, is the conclusion concluding Psalm of a series of 14 Psalms from Psalm 120 to Psalm 134. If you see, there will be titled as Songs of Ascent. So I'm sure there were more songs, but Psalm 120 to Psalm 134 will be titled as Songs of Ascent. That means they would sing those songs as they were ascending up the hill of the Lord to reach the sanctuary. Right. So in Psalm 34 is like the conclusion of it, the series of Psalms. And then it says, Bless the Lord all you servants of the Lord who by night stand in the house of the Lord. That means day and night there's worship happening. So lift up your hands in the sanctuary and bless the Lord. The Lord who made the heavens and the earth bless you from the side. Right. So then the notes goes on to say, Let us become a people who will cry out to God day and night. Night and day. I'm sure most of you have been part of say all night prayers sometime at least in your life. There's something different and beautiful about it, isn't it? It's challenging. But then it's just something about it. Right. So establishing a house of prayer and worship. All ministry that flows out such a lifestyle of intimacy with God through prayer and worship will be powerful. Right. So how can we implement this in our local churches? Simple teach people to understand the importance of prayer and worship. We need to talk more about prayer. We need to teach our people more about prayer and worship worship. I think we speak about it in the last 20 years. We have spoken a lot about worship than on prayer. It's what it seems like. But then we need to teach and help people understand the importance of prayer and worship. Develop the local church and prophetic worship and powerful strategic prayer and intercession. Like strategic prayers. So in the previous chapter last week's class, we learned that the local church is the army. And the army is always strategic. Right. They have a strategic plan or when to attack, when not to attack, where to go and what do etc. Right. And we saw that how David constantly, the scripture says he inquired of the Lord. He inquired of the Lord. He inquired of the Lord what to do next. And right. So we need to be strategic, you know, about, about taking ground to collecting strategic information of things. For example, social problems, demonic strongholds are happening in your city or community and make these your prayer targets. Right. So there are practical ways of how a local church can implement this. Right. Challenges. Progress step by step. Start where people are. Do not try to jump immediately into something 24 bar seven house of prayer. Okay. Don't try to do that if you don't have, if you do have not planned properly or if you do not have sufficient people. Immediately into something like that. Before we did this 24 hours for seven days, we, we waited for 10, 11 months to put together a team to plan a facility until we got a place where we could meet until all the equipments were there. The finances, the funds funds will come but then, you know, you need to have people in a plan. Right. Give people time to rest physically as well, engaging in extended hours of worship and intercession can be physically tiring for those who are involved in leading in worship and intercession. Okay. So those are the couple of challenges that you will come across. You know, when, when you want to do something like this for like a 24 hours prayer and worship thing, but then that's, nevertheless, that is something that we ought to push for aim for reach for, you know, teach and in our, in our churches. So that our churches are the local church will be known as the church of prayer and worship. Right. Hey, are you guys doing well? Yeah. Okay. There's one thumbs up that I can see. Right. Isaac. Everybody doing all right. Okay. Any thoughts, any questions so far on this chapter that we've covered? Are you learning something? I hope you are. And I hope it's not just information. I'm just this morning, I was, as I was preparing for today's sessions, I was, I was just feeling very grateful. I was like, you know, wow, I'm getting to learn all these things as in, it's just so awesome. So I'm grateful that I'm learning, getting to learn as I'm teaching. And so it's the same with you guys. I hope you are learning as well as you are growing. Okay. Cool. So let's move on to the next chapter, chapter 14. The other aspect of the local church is the temple of God, the local church is the temple of God. Right. So everything that you've covered so far, the local church is the body of Christ. The local church is the family of God. The local church is the pillar of truth. The local church is the army. The local church is the bride. The local church is a house of prayer and worship. And now we are at the local church is a temple of God. Okay. First Corinthians, chapter three verse 16 and 17.   Right.  Right. If anyone is suffering with sin or whatnot, you just kind of remind them is like, hey, you're the temple of the living God. So don't drink. Don't smoke. Don't watch pornography. So at least that's what I know of. Okay. Maybe it's used in different, in a context in your life, but in my life it was not used. Okay. But so, yes, it is, it is for, you know, it is true when it comes for individual application. But Paul is also writing to a local community of believers, believers. Right. So that's his audience. Right. Paul is addressing here not to an individual, but to a community of believers. Right. It's a collective. Right. So hence the context addresses a collective body of believers. Right. So we are the temple of God, the place where God dwells. Okay. So we are not the temple of God for the sake of, you know, okay, it's a temple of God. But the whole thing changes, the perspective changes when we realize that God dwells. There. Right. We are a habitation of God. We must be filled with his presence because we are his temple. And so when we look at the tabernacle of Moses once again, so we look at it quite extensively. God instructed Moses to build a tabernacle. Right. Exodus chapter 25. He says, let them make me a sanctuary for what? Let them make me a sanctuary for what? Exodus 25 verse 8. Sorry, what? The dwell among them. The dwell among them. Open book exam days. Okay. Let them make me a sanctuary that I may dwell among them. Okay. So I'm not sure again if I mentioned this, but then from the time of the fall. Okay. In the early chapters of Genesis, chapter one and two, when we see from the time of creation and God creates Adam and Eve, we see that he walked with them in the cool of the garden. He dwelt among them. There was fellowship. There was oneness. As soon as after the fall, when sin came in, there was a separation. Right. So from that point on, from that point on, all the way to Exodus 25, I mean, there's a lot of things happening from Genesis, from Genesis three to Exodus 25. Right. You read about Cain and Abel and Adam and Eve and Noah, his family and Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, right? That's Exodus and Joseph and whatnot. So a lot has happened from Genesis three to Exodus 25. So the timeline, the gap between that is approximately 2,500 years. So for 2,500 odd years, there was no resting place or a dwelling place for God. And time and time again, you see God, there was visitations. Right. God would speak to Abraham, you know, and all of that. The visitations was there, but there was no resting place on earth like it was before the fall. And so 2,500 years or later, he tells them. Finally, let them build me a sanctuary that I may dwell among them. So the tabernacle of Moses was the meeting place. It was the bridge between heaven and earth where divinity met with humanity. Okay. So it was just, it was just must have been glorious, right? Just to learn, just to have that picture. Right. See all about it in Exodus 25, 21, 22. It says the tabernacle was a place where the glory of God would be visible from time to time. It was the glory of God that sanctified the tabernacle. In Exodus 29 was 43, it says, and there I will meet with the children of Israel. And the tabernacle shall be sanctified by my glory. And then in Exodus 40 was 34, 35, it says, then the cloud covered the tabernacle of meeting and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle. The cloud covered the tabernacle of meeting and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle. And Moses was not able to enter the tabernacle of meeting because the cloud rested above it and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle. Right. And so we see that time and time again, even in Israel's journey through the wilderness, you read about it in Leviticus numbers and all these chapters mentioned there that the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle. The glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle. One of the things of the tabernacle of Moses is, I mean, there's the outer courts, the inner courts and the holy place, isn't it? It was divided into three sections, right? The outer courts, in the outer courts, there was natural light, the light of the sun and the moonlight by night. And then in the inner courts, there's the light of the candle lampstand, the golden lampstand. There was a golden lampstand in the inner courts, also known as the holy place. But in the most holy place, also known as the holy of holies, there was divine light. It was the glory of God that was resting there, right? And it's what it says in the Bible, Exodus 25, right? I will meet with you there between the cherubs, right? So the Ark of the Covenant was God's throne on earth. Okay. And so it is possible for us to lose the significance of the tabernacle of Moses because, yes, we are one, we are true, we are living in the new covenant. That's one thing. And second, we speak about it so much, the tabernacle of Moses and whatnot. But when we understand, we pause and just take time to understand, okay, this is, that was like the most significant place on earth at that time. That's where humanity is meeting with divinity. That's the bridge between heaven and earth. And all the nations surrounding Israel, the people of Israel knew that their God was with them because of the cloud that rested on the tabernacle, right? Every nation surrounding the camp of Israel, I knew was like, you're not to mess with them because of his presence, because of his glory that was present there. So it was a beautiful sight. I'm sure it was a beautiful sight to behold, right? So the Old Testament tabernacle of Moses was a place where God met with his people and where his glory was revealed, right? And why is it again significant to these people is, I mean, I say these people is people of Israel because for 400 odd years, they were in the land of Egypt, right? For 400 years, 400 years is equivalent to 10 generations, okay? How many people? We are 12 of us in this class. So imagine 10 generations of not hearing the voice of God, not knowing who he is or not being able to see what he's done. And 10 generations goes by 400 odd years and they are just surrounded by the idols of Egyptians. And so their idea of God is this, the gods of Egyptians, right? And for them to behold such an awesome sight and when the Bible says when Moses bought them out of the land of Egypt on the way to their first encounter, they saw the whole mountain is on fire and trembling and you can imagine their anxiety levels just shooting through the roof. It's like, what is this? Is this really our God? And that's why they say it's like, okay, Moses, you talk with him yourself. We will just listen to you everything we will do everything what you tell us to do, right? Everything is there in Exodus 19 and 20 guys, you should read it. It's quite fascinating. And so the tabernacle of Moses was quite a happening place on earth at that time. I can say, right? And then we see the same thing happening in Solomon's temple. And you can read all about it in 2 Chronicles 513 and 14 where the glory of the Lord filled the house of God time and time again when there was worship happening, right? All the musicians and the singers, they sang together in unity and they sang for He is good. His mercy endures forever and the house of the Lord was filled with a cloud. And then the temple of Solomon is destroyed by the Babylonians. They go into 70 years of captivity and after they are released, they come back and they start rebuilding the temple in Jerusalem. And they build it continuously for about 16 years before they were interrupted. And then Haggai, prophet Haggai, he prophesies in chapter 2 verse 7 and 9. Let's come down to page 99. He says, I will shake all nations and they shall come to the desire of all nations. I will fill this temple with glory. Says the Lord of hosts. The silver is mine. The gold is mine. Says the Lord of hosts. Let's pause there. The silver is mine. The gold is mine. Now, that is something, those were the precious stones that was referred to show off a riches of those land, isn't it? And then we rewind back to the Revelation in chapter 5. We see that word being used, all honor, power, riches. And here we see that God is saying the silver is mine. The gold is mine. It says the Lord of hosts. The glory of this latter temple shall be greater than the former. We got to read that again. The glory of this latter temple. That means the temple that's being rebuilt after the captivity shall be greater than the former. Says the Lord of hosts. And in this place, I will give peace. Says the Lord of hosts. And so here God is promising his people that if they would build the temple, he would fill it with his glory. And so the glory of God is an expression of who he is and what he does. That's simply what the glory of God is in a simple definition. If you were to explain what is the glory of God, right? We talk about the weight of his glory, right? The Hebrew word when we say shakaina glory, it simply means the weight of his glory. And so when there was, I'm not sure if you remember from a praise and worship course, we learned about the presence of God. There are two kinds of presence. One is his manifest presence and his omnipresence, right? That means God is present everywhere. Like right now in my room, he's there with you. He's present with you in your part of the world, wherever you are from. He's omnipresent. He's everywhere. And then there are times where he decides to show up. That's his manifest presence, right? And so that's what the glory of God is. A glory of God is a manifestation of who God is and what he does, right? So at the tabernacle of Moses and in the dedication of Solomon's temple, the glory of God was manifested as a cloud. But God's glory can become tangible not only through what we see, but sometimes his glory is revealed through what we sense or feel.  Isn't it? God is good when there is a healing that happens. There's a revelation of his goodness, there's a revelation of him as a healer. And that is revealing his glory, right? And so the glory of God is an expression of who he is and what he does, right? And God desires in page 100, God desires a people who will manifest his glory, right? And Numbers chapter 14 verse 20 and 21 says, then the Lord said, I have pardoned according to your word, right? This is the context is, Moses has just interceded for the people of Israel.  Moses said, please don't. And then, okay, God says, I have pardoned according to your word. But truly, as I live, all the earth shall be filled with the glory of the Lord, right? So at this point, God reiterated his heart's intent that he would fulfill his original plan to have people through whom the whole earth will be filled with his glory, right? His heart is to fill the whole earth with his glory and he can do that through his people, right? So the church and therefore every local church body today is part of this great purpose of God to see the earth filled with the glory of God. We declare his goodness, we declare his glory, right? Every local church, wherever it's placed, right? When we declare and when we worship and we praise, you know, for who he is, what are we doing? We are declaring the glory of God on earth, right? All right, the next section talks about a people among whom God dwells. Psalm 132 was 13 to 18. Now can I request someone to read Psalm 132 verse 13 to 18, please, in the notes. Psalm 132 was 13 to 18. For the Lord has chosen him, he has decided to fulfill his glory. This is my request to you all today. Here I have a verse for I have decided I have been blessed with the provision to satisfy his purpose and all folks are pleased with the salvation of the righteous and the mature. There I will perform a Jesuit group. I will prepare an app for my announcement because any me, I will close it soon but I can't answer this question. Thanks, Stefano. Can I also request another person to read that scripture once again, please? Psalm 132 was 13 to 18 in another translation. Maybe NLD or NIV, maybe. Or any version that you have right now. Yes, go ahead, please. Psalm 132, 13 to 18. For the Lord has chosen Zion. He has desired it for his dwelling place. This is my resting place forever. Here I will dwell for I have desired it. I will abundantly bless her provisions. I will satisfy her pure, poor with bread. Her priests, I will clothe with salvation and her saints will shout for joy. There I will make a horn to sprout for David. I have prepared a lamp for my anointed. His enemies I will clothe with shame but on him his crown will shine. Thanks, Anita. So God is making his intentions very clear. He's right there saying that here I will dwell for I have desired it. Another word for dwelling place is tabernacle. When we say he tabernacled means he dwelt among us. And so he's making it very clear that here I will dwell for I have desired it. And so in the next section we see that what happens when we become a people among whom God dwells. So if you're the local church, you're the people among whom God is dwelling. Here are seven things that God says that he will do. I will abundantly bless her provision. I will satisfy her poor with bread. So there is supernatural provision, prosperity and blessing verse 16. I will also clothe her priests with salvation and her saints shall shout aloud for joy. There is salvation which includes forgiveness, healing, deliverance, victory and more. There is joy of salvation that resounds continually among us. Verse 17. There I will make the horn of David grow. I will prepare a lamp for my anointed. There is a continual increase of strength and dominion. That's a horn symbolizes strength and dominion. I will remember that next time when you read the horns. Once again, if you read how all the altars in the tabernacle of Moses was designed, you would read about there has to be four horns, that kind of symbolizing strength and dominion. There is continual revelation. I will prepare a lamp for my anointed. As his anointed people will see continual increase in strength, dominion and revelation. Verse 18. His enemies I will clothe with shame, but upon himself his crown shall flourish. We triumph over our enemies and continue to increase, flourish and blossom as his people. So there are seven I will promises in that Psalm 132 verse 13 to 18 alone. And that is his desire. He desires to be among us. As if that was not good enough. He says, I will do all these things, not maybe, not I can, not I could, not I would. I will do all these things. So that's the beauty of God dwelling among his people. And we are called to be a people where among whom God will dwell. And there are so much more. In Isaiah chapter 60 verse 1 and 2, popular scripture says, Rise shine for your light has come and the glory of the Lord is risen upon you. For behold the darkness shall cover the earth and the deep darkness the people, but the Lord will arise over you and his glory will be seen upon you. Right. And in that same chapter, if we go down to verse 7 verse 9, he goes on to say, I will glorify the house of my glory because he has glorified you. You know, I will glorify you. I will make the place of my feet glorious in verse 13. The Lord will be to you an everlasting light and your glory for, and your glory, your glory. Right. So, and as a result of God's glory being present with his people, and, you know, he's said that I will do all these things. And then we also see signs and wonders and miracles following, you know, that reveals the glory of God. Right. And when we talk about it, we remember what, you see what it says in John chapter 1 verse 14, and the word became flesh and dwelt among us. And we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father full of grace and truth. Right. So this is what we call it as a sonship glory. Right. So the signs, wonders, healings and miracles that Jesus did revealed the glory of God. Right. And John chapter 2 verse 11 it says, this beginning of signs Jesus did in the canna of Galilee and manifested his glory and his disciples believed in him. So something about the sonship glory and doing all of these signs and wonders makes people believe in who this God is. Right. Matthew 1531 says, so the multitude marveled when they saw the mute speaking, the maimed made whole and the lame walking and the blind seeing they glorified the God of Israel. Right. So in the revelation of God's glory and the manifestation of God's glory, the response is for us to glorify the God of Israel. Right. So the sonship glory that the Lord Jesus walked in was released to the body of Christ. So the same sonship glory that Jesus walked in is released now to us. And we've spoke on this extensively if you remember and healing and deliverance course. Right. So and each time we hear from the Holy Spirit and then follow through on what he speaks to us, we reveal his glory. Okay. Each time we hear from the Holy Spirit and then follow through on what he speaks to us, we reveal his glory. Right. And so what in all of this, what happens, what's the importance of glory as in why is it also important? Why are we talking so much about the glory of God in the church? Right. For that we need to understand what happens when we don't have the glory. It's like saying, okay, we feel the importance of one person in their absence, isn't it? Only after they're gone kind of a thing. But there are a couple of episodes that happens in the Old Testament when the glory departs. The first thing is in 1 Samuel chapter 4, verse 21. Right. 1 Samuel chapter 4 was 21. It says in the notes, then she named the child Iqabod, saying the glory has departed from Israel because the Ark of God had been captured and because of her father-in-law and her husband. Now, the priest Eli was old. He was the high priest at the time. And then his two sons were living an immoral life. They were sleeping around with women who were coming to the sanctuary. They were just living an immoral sinful life. There was no intimacy with God. There was no reverence for God. There was no fear of God. That's the context behind 1 Samuel chapter 4. But then Philistines attacked and they said, what are we going to do? The Ark of God is in Shiloh. Let's go bring the Ark of God from Shiloh because somewhere in history they read, okay, if they take the Ark of the Covenant and put it in the front and then go, they will win the war or the battle. To their surprise, they didn't. They lost miserably. They lost 30,000 men that day. Israel lost 30,000 men that day and the Ark of the Covenant was captured. One of the darkest history in the history of Israel. And that news was so much, it was so shocking that Eli, the high priest, who was hefty and quite big, when he heard that news that the Ark of the Covenant had been captured, he fell off his chair. He breaks his neck and he dies. And hearing this news, his daughter-in-law goes into labor, gives both, and she names her son, Echobor. That means the glory has departed. And she also dies. The tragedy of glory departing. And that's why the significance behind the story of David bringing the Ark back is because after this happened, Saul comes into the picture as a king. But Saul is the king who's a person after position and not presence. But David was a person after presence and not just position. And so then he goes after the Ark and brings it back. And so when glory departs, it's not a great sight. And in the next section we see when God stands outside the temple, it talks about Israel's 70-year Babylonian captivity. Now, in 1 Samuel chapter 4, we read about the Ark of the Covenant being captured. And then much later, in the book of Nehemiah, Ezra, Ezekiel, all these prophets, contemporary prophets, we talk about the people of the Covenant taken into captivity. So for Samuel 4, it's about Ark of the Covenant taken into captivity. And the letter books talks about the people of the Covenant taken into captivity for 70 odd years, right? And then Ezekiel chapter 8, let's see, Ezekiel chapter 8 verse 6, it says, furthermore he said to me, son of man, do you see what they are doing? The great abominations that the house of Israel commits here to make me go far away from my sanctuary. Now turn again and you will see great abominations. And Ezekiel 10, 18 to 19 says, then the glory of the Lord departed from the threshold of the temple and stood over the cherubim. And the cherubim lifted their wings and mounted up from the earth in my sight. When they went out, the wheels were beside them and they stood out the door of the east gate of the Lord's house. And the glory of God of Israel was about them. And so, I mean, I'll just conclude here. God is talking about these people because they had, again, the people of Israel, the priests, okay? I want to highlight that the priests who were responsible to minister unto the Lord, who were in charge of worship, who were in charge of leading people into worship, they gave themselves into idolatry, right? Idolatry in the spiritual is what idolatry in the natural is. And that's how dangerous idolatry is and that's how much God detests idolatry. But then he doesn't stop there. Ezekiel 43 onwards, 4 and 7, God says to prophet Ezekiel that in detail is showing what the new city will look like, what the new temple will look like. And that's what Ezekiel 43 verse 4 to 7 is all about. Let me just read from verse 6 and 7 in Ezekiel 43. It says, Then I heard him speaking to me from the temple while a man stood beside me. And he said to me, Son of man, this is the place of my throne and the place of the souls of my feet where I will dwell in the midst of the children of Israel forever. No more shall the house of Israel defile my holy name. They know their kings by their harlotry or with their carcasses of their kings on their high places. Ezekiel 44, 4. Also he brought me by the way of the north gate to the front of the temple. So I looked and behold the glory of the Lord filled the house of the Lord and I fell on my face. The local church, the body of believers referred to as the temple of God in the New Testament is the place of his throne among a community. It is the place where his kingdom is manifested. The local church, a community of his believers, the body of his believers. It's a place where his kingdom is manifested. It's a place of the souls of his feet that is the place of his dominion. It's almost like us planting flags. Why do we use flags in worship? Flags are always used to point out a territory. This is my territory. And so it's like us planting a flag saying this is God's kingdom, this is God's territory and that's the duty and responsibility of us as priests and of us as the local church. God rules in and through his people. It is the place where God dwells among his people. The local church is the house filled with his glory. Okay. So we pause here guys and we'll continue from next week. All right. So any thoughts or any questions? Okay. Great. Thank you all for joining for today's session. You have a great day. Blessed weekend ahead. God bless you all. See you all again next week. See you guys. Thank you, pastor. Thank you.


Great, 2024. I'm so excited about getting an update on Zen Tech. What's happening right now? Well, Tracy, it's been an absolutely incredible start to the year for us. We have been very, very busy in a number of areas, but specifically on our Aptamer platform technology. Late last year, back in December, we assembled a round table of industry experts from pharma industry, so leaders in the pharma industry, from consultants to academics. We put together a round table of about 16 to 18 experts and really kicked the tires on our Aptamer platform. We wanted to make sure we weren't missing anything. We were achieving fantastic results with the Aptamers, testing them as a potential therapeutic or prophylactic against infectious diseases, but before we were ready to roll this out in a big way to the pharma industry, we wanted to make sure that we dotted all our eyes and crossed our T's. The feedback from that round table was nothing short of fantastic. Most of the experts couldn't believe that we had achieved what we had achieved in such a short amount of time and that we were the exclusive global partner to McMaster and their technology to bring this technology to market. So with that, we have begun an outreach program in early 2024 where we started reaching out to the pharma industry. I would say we've reached out to at least eight or ten of the largest pharma companies in the world and the feedback has been nothing short of very, very interesting. There's not a single pharma company that hasn't said they don't have some level of interest in our platform, which is great. Aptamers have been around for the better part of 25, 30 years, but they've really just started to gain some traction again. And as you know, as we put out in our press releases, Dr. Lee and his team at McMaster have done just an incredible job developing their patent pending structures for Aptamers that have shown tremendous results in preclinical work that we've done. So we're continuing to build out the expertise. Our team, we continue to widen the team. We're now starting to socialize it with the pharma industry. And it's an incredibly busy time for pharma. As you may know, the JPMorgan, the largest biotech conference, has held the second week of January every year. So the pharma industry is very, very busy looking at new technologies. Now we're in that stream as well. So we're really happy with where we're at. We're continuing to do more testing. And we're going to be expanding our platform to include more indications outside of the infectious disease space, including oncology targets, immunology targets, neurology targets We'll have more news to announce on that in the coming weeks. But we're really excited with what we have.  Well, speaking of that, I think for those of you out there, Zintec has the exclusive license for Aptamer based platforms, platform technologies. Is that correct? From McMaster, that's correct. We were able to negotiate an exclusive license to be their commercialization partner for their technology that they've developed. So we've got a 20-year licensing agreement with McMaster to bring this technology to market. It initially started out in a diagnostic context for COVID. But then we took it beyond that. And as our news releases have stated over the past year, we started testing it as a potential therapy against infectious diseases. And we've had nothing short of spectacular results. So we're very excited about it. I know industry is getting excited about it as well. These things take time. However, there's a lot of people that need to touch this. When you start talking to a pharma entity, there's the gatekeepers, then there's the specialists, then there's the scientists. So there's a number of layers it has to go through. But I can tell you, we've made it through the gatekeeper on a number of different pharma companies. And we're excited to see where this goes. Well, of course, as a result of that, you must be working on a wide range of partnerships and deals. Are there any that you would like to highlight today? I really won't comment on any specific partnerships or deals. But you can imagine that our team is very, very busy, wanting to get this technology into as many hands as possible, given that we own the or we filed the provisional patents against the aptomers themselves, as well as the structure of the aptomers and the application of the aptomers. So now it's in our best interest to get this into as many hands as possible. And we really truly believe that this could be something that could disrupt the monoclonal antibody market, which is just an absolutely massive market, given that aptomers are effectively a synthetic monoclonal antibody. So we can create an aptomer for almost any target. Monoclonal antibodies are very expensive to produce. They're very effective and they're proven technology. So I don't want to mislead anybody in that regard. But we do believe that our aptomers can do a lot of the same work that monoclonal antibodies do. And we've actually proven that now with the work we've done with our partners over at McMaster, that our aptomers performed as well as, if not better than the best monoclonal antibodies on the market. So we can't wait to continue doing our testing work in this regard. Can you comment then on your transformations or the evolution of your business development infrastructure to manage the steel flow? Yeah, so we're continuing to use a lot of the same team that we currently had in place at Zentec. We've reallocated resources away from some other projects that we are working on into the tri-era space. The nice thing about this is we don't have to build out a full biotech roster. Because we've got the core technology, we can leverage that. And it's a digital process to actually create and then print the aptomers. So we can do this very, very efficiently, and then make those available to the market. Rather than going in the lab and having to do all that work ourselves, we can make the aptomers available to third parties to actually do that testing. Now, that being said, we continue to do some of our own work in the lab at McMaster, but we could literally be chasing 100 or hundreds of potential targets, and that just wouldn't be efficient from our perspective. So that's why we'll make the aptomers available to folks, for them to try them, and then work on licensing deals and different structures to actually get the aptomers into the marketplace. Can you comment on your Zentec HVAC filters and how that's going? I would love to. Our team, our business development team continues to do a tremendous job of getting the Zengard story, the Zengard for HVAC story into the marketplace. We continue to do trade shows. We continue to do direct outreach to potential customers, partners, et cetera. And the interest in this product is second to none that I've seen in my time as CEO at Zentec. Not a single group has told us they don't have some level of interest in Zengard. Now, we are waiting for health Canada approval through the Pesticide Management Regulatory Agency, or PMRA. We submitted our application last year. It is going through their process. Once that has been approved, then we will be free to sell the product to these Zeng customers. We do have one contract already inked that we announced, but I can tell you we have numerous other parties who have indicated interest in buying our product once we do receive health Canada approval. I won't make any comments in terms of timing because I've learned that lesson a long time ago. We just don't know. It's not in our hands. Health Canada has it. Health Canada has approved this compound for use on surgical masks. We got that approval back in 2021. So it's the same compound just on another product. And we hope to have it later this year and be in the market in a big way at that time. Great. You've done an amazing job at providing an excellent update on why we should all be watching our news flow for Zentec. But what else should we be looking for in the upcoming quarter? Sure. One of the things that I'm probably most excited about outside of the business is just the backdrop for small cap stocks. It seems that the, as we know, we've been in a small cap bear market for over two years.  That seemed to change at the end of the fourth quarter last year. We're starting to see interest in small caps again, which I think is great for our shareholder base and great for us as a company. And we are putting together as we speak a promotional program to go out and start telling our story in the marketplace again. We've intentionally pulled back from that because what we're hearing from institution after institution was, this all sounds great, but this isn't the environment to take risk in small cap stocks. We're looking for cash flow producing businesses. But now that we're moving into that phase of our development and the fact that the small cap market seems to be coming back to life, it's a great time for us to get out and tell our story and that's what we're going to be doing. We could not concur with you more. More if we try. So for everyone out there interested in finding out more about Zentec, please go to their website and great. Thank you so much for excellent Zentec update. My pleasure. Thank you, Tracy.


Hi guys, I'm Molly Jane, and I just want to give a huge thank you for helping us reach 50,000 subscribers. Every new subscriber to us gets us just excited as our very first subscriber, and that means we cherish each and every single one of you, and thank you.