What would be something that would completely? Change your life and give you so much value that you'd feel forced to Tell all your friends about this channel. So the topic is What are the steps that you can do today like a like a step-by-step game plan to making a huge Difference in everything that you do whether it be relationships career or just your well-being your wisdom your intelligence how do I like maximize everything and As quickly and as practically as possible. So let's begin with step one step one must be related to introspection because some people say that the first thing you need to do is to Start taking more action and that might be true But in many cases you're not yet focused and you don't even have the motivation to take action yet So what can you actually do right now to massively improve your life in the shortest Amount of time possible with the simplest amount like the least amount of effort required So far Have you been tracking? Your days every day and really just sitting down and asking yourself. How did you do? How was your day? Was something good was what was not good about it? How well did you go by your values and Most people don't do that when I say most people I'd mean pretty much 99.9% of the population doesn't do that even people who are so-called Like high performers or people in self-development. They don't actually sit and do it and this one tiny habit is actually a huge Catalyst for everything because you won't get motivation Unless you have the awareness. So for example, let's say that it comes to your attention that everybody in your neighborhood actually makes $4,000. Well, you only make $2,000 a month. Well, now you're gonna feel really really disgruntled So you can either become a victim or you can say I'm gonna see what they're doing and I'm gonna try to do the same So daily reports actually sitting down and asking yourself specific questions when you do Realize how you've been doing then you actually have the opportunity to change to improve to refine to even just Enhance what's already working. But if you don't have that if you don't have that awareness It's very hard for you to actually move forward So I know a lot of people that the only thing that's stopping them is the fact that they're not really aware of Their situation. I would even say that that's most people most people fall because They don't even know there's a problem Then some people fall because they know there's a problem. They don't know how to solve it It always comes back to awareness to actually Knowing where you are what's real what's actually working and you can read about that more in a book by a guy named Ray Dalio who's considered the best hedge fund manager of all time. I think about 250 billion dollars So he wrote a book called principles. It's a pretty short book. It's really awesome But the summary like the part where he's like, okay If you do just the one this one thing then the whole book is redundant That one thing was his inclination to always go back to look at Truth so no matter what he wanted to to be as close to How reality actually is as possible so that means understanding Patterns and I was seeing people and extent and understanding the truth of every situation and understanding The different laws that actually make things happen. Most people sadly don't actually think in those terms so they just kind of go through reality and they don't even think about it by Sitting down and actually writing your daily report You're confronting truth, which is very uncomfortable But there's nothing that will move you faster toward your goal then seeing where you are where you want to be What you're doing that that's leading you there What why you're doing that is moving you away from it and on on on So that's basically step one of how to actually change your life immediately Like what's the first thing you need to do to completely like radically change everything about your life now if you have actually troubles and implementing this like the the actual habit of Every night before bed opening up that daily reports template creating a new Daily report and just filling in the details I would recommend either the habits approach or the commitment approach. So the habits approach means that You do it in a way where you Keep the daily report Small enough so that when it's time to do it you'll actually do it and I've played with this for many many years now If the daily report is too complicated, you know, you'll do it one day two day three day four days and then Then one day you're just too tired to do it. You just don't want to do it. It's too much work and You're just not going to do it. So keep only a few specific questions and that's it the other way again is make a decision for example, I'm going to do it every night and Then tell a good friend of yours.  You feel tired.  So basically your excuses just fly out the window That's step one for you of how to actually change your life Now step two step two is to completely change your Surroundings and who you associate with make a list of every single person that you know that's in your life currently and Put next to that person just one question. Is that person? Leading me towards my goals or is that person not leading me towards my goals because even if you have a friend that That's not really pushing you towards your goals, you know, it doesn't have to be financial goals It might look like oh, it's harmless, you know, why not? But the the law in life is that what doesn't go up has to go down eventually So it's like a muddy slide. So I would I would consider Highly considered ditching that person now make a list of where can you find people who are Similar to you so they're both going to the same direction. Some of them are already there You want to have a more happy life? Where can I find happy people? You want to have a more funny life? Where can I find funny people or can I find people to do Amazon? And the first place I would actually go is Facebook groups like conglomerate nations. Sorry, I don't know that word specifically, but like a lot of people grouping together in one specific place and When you find that sort of place, you're gonna be very very active and really share with people where you are in your journey what you hope to achieve and then Start associating with these people these people start talking to them again from various groups and Eventually some people will start finding you so it's actually you're gonna start being building connections you're gonna start seeing the same faces again and again people that you really connect with and You want to talk to these people and get them to be your friends. So actually start having chats with them like private chats and eventually you want to go on Skype calls with them and your shared interests will lead to you people, you know coming together and having people who are Going after the same things that you're going is Insane like it's it's one of the biggest Boosts to thinking and motivation that you can possibly have it's gonna help you stay on track And it's gonna make your progress automatic so when you're in the gym and you don't have any friends in the gym then it's really easy to Stop going to the gym but when you're in the gym and you have two three friends that work out every day and They expect you to be like them. Well, it's really really hard to not be like that It's actually easier to be like them because of the social pressure, which is actually a good thing in this case so the second tip is to do whatever it takes to change your environment remove people that are not pushing you forward and Add people that will push you forward again. The internet is your friend You don't need to meet people in real life today. You can talk to them on Skype It's not different by the way, and I'm talking with hundreds maybe thousands of hours of coaching experience When you coach people or talk to people on the phone or when you talk to them through video, which is even better the I'd say like 90% of the Interaction is you know with the value from an interaction remains the only difference is you can't touch and Really, it's not really a bad thing. I guess if it's just for friendships You're not really losing too much. So use the internet, you know get friends There's so many people there's so many communities of people that look for the exact same things and as you But you just have to join these groups to be active and find the really stand out people that You connect to and relate to and that's gonna With the daily habits daily report habit that's gonna push you even for that further So if you just do these two things You're gonna completely change your life Like everything about the way you live right now is gonna look different because right now probably it doesn't feel automatic To see yourself moving forward. But if you just do those two things It will be like on autopilot So now I've got one more tip for you the third tip of how to change your life massively Let's get into it right now the third tip Which is the best tip out of the three to completely changing your life Is to go on a coaching call With Robbie Frank. Now.  So what in your thinking in your behavior is causing you to not get to your goals and I have this skill in coaching where the people that relate to me the people that really Find a good connection with me. I Almost a hundred percent of the time have an incredible coaching call with them that completely changes their life and This is a risk-free opportunity, obviously because you're gonna talk to me for free but You're gonna get the value because I know how to push you how to get you committed Regardless of the fact that you have not yet invested any money So this is a big opportunity you should try it right now in the link below You can find the link to go on a coaching call with me This opportunity won't be forever obviously because I'm getting more and more coaching call scheduling and You know who knows maybe it will go a little down in a week or so, but right now it's up and While it's up. I highly recommend that you try it and I hope to see you on a coaching call I hope this video Really helped you and please let me know if you have any questions. So talk to you soon and I'll see you in the comments


And away from the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, U.S. President Joe Biden has warned Americans who declined job offers because of unemployment benefits. He says they would lose the benefits if they do not accept the job. The unemployment benefits are part of a COVID-19 relief bill passed in March. Biden also directed the U.S. Labor Department to work with states to reinstate requirements so that those receiving unemployment benefits must demonstrate that they're actively looking for work. Our economic plan is working. U.S. President Joe Biden on Monday defended his strategy to grow the U.S. economy after a disappointing jobs report released last week triggered a flood of Republican criticism that Americans are choosing to stay at home rather than seek new work because unemployment benefits are too generous. Americans want to work. Biden hit back at critics on Monday noting that since he took office, the U.S. had created the most jobs in the first 100 days of quote any U.S. president on record. Biden refuted the notion that unemployment insurance is a driving factor behind an apparent labor shortage and said unemployed Americans can't continue to collect insurance checks if they're offered a suitable job. We're going to make it clear that anyone collecting unemployment who has offered a suitable job must take the job or lose their unemployment benefits. There are a few COVID-19 related exceptions so that people aren't forced to choose between their basic safety and a paycheck but otherwise that's the law. I know there's been a lot of discussion since Friday's report that people are being paid to stay home rather than go to work. Well we don't see much evidence of that. Biden also said he is directing the U.S. Labor Department to work with states to reinstate requirements that those receiving unemployment benefits must demonstrate they are actively looking for work. Republican lawmakers blamed a report last week showing weak job growth on the Democratic president's decision to offer expanded unemployment benefits through August as part of his stimulus plan. Some Republican governors have scrapped the added benefits directing the additional dollars elsewhere. Democrats say other factors are contributing to the problem including child care issues and fear. To address that Biden said the next phase of getting people back to work will place special emphasis on child care reopening schools safely and incentivizing employers to get their staff vaccinated so Americans can have the confidence to go back to work safely.


Welcome back. We started a new theme in our last lecture. We are studying binary quadratic forms over integers. So, these are also called integral binary quadratic forms. So, here by form we mean a homogeneous polynomial. Binary form would tell you that it is a polynomial in two variables. So, we have a homogeneous polynomial in two variables and by quadratic we mean that it is of degree 2. So, it is a degree 2 homogeneous polynomial. Therefore, it will have monomials x square, x y and y square. There are two variables. So, the variables are x and y and the degrees are two. So, you can have x square, you can have y square and you can have x y and then you have the linear combinations of these three monomials giving you a homogeneous degree 2 polynomial in two variables. But where do the coefficients a, b, c come from? So, you have a form a x square plus b x y plus c y square. Where do the a, b, c come from? They come from integers. Therefore, these are what are called integral binary quadratic forms. We saw this definition in our last lecture. So, here a, b, c are integers. We can take them from a more general set of numbers. So, I told you in the last lecture that we should be able to put values for x and y from the same set where a, b, c are taken from. And therefore, you should be able to have the property that the set has addition and multiplication. And since we do not want to write x y and y x separately, it should better be commutative with respect to multiplication. So, such a thing is called a commutative ring. So, you may have the set of complex numbers, you may have the set of real numbers, you may have the set of rational numbers and there are many rings in between these rings. So, the a, b, c can take values coming from these rings. There are some more general set of rings. But we are going to restrict ourselves to integral such forms. So, in what follows throughout this theme, I may sometime write for this form to be a quadratic form or I may just say a form. But we always understand that we are going to consider only the integral binary quadratic forms. Now, the main question in this theory is to find the value set of such a form. So, whenever we are given such a form f x y, we want to know what is the set of values f m comma n where m and n are integers. So, we are going to take all possible values of integers for m and n. We put these values in our form. So, we are going to get a m square plus b m n plus c n square. We are looking at the set of these numbers and we want to determine. We want to say which are, how do the values look like and once we have some information about how these values look like, we would like to know whether all the numbers of that form can be represented by our form f. We will soon see an example. So, this problem will be clear very soon. But what we want to do while studying this also is to have some transformations. So, we would like to transform one form f to another such form g. So, we start with an integral binary quadratic form call it f and we would like to go to another integral binary quadratic form g through a way. So, we will describe this way and we would also like to describe this way with the property that the value sets do not change. So, this is what we mean by without changing the value set. The problem while determining the value set is as follows. You may have a form but the form may have very big integers a, b, c as coefficients and therefore whenever you want to compute the values say directly or you may want to obtain some behavior of the value set then it may be very difficult to obtain that. So, we would like to transform any such given form to a somewhat simpler form by some transformations and we would like to have this transformations to be invertible. If you are going from f to g you should be able to go back from g to f by a similar another transformation perhaps the same transformation or perhaps another transformation. So, this is a relation that we would like to define between the integral binary quadratic forms and we have already defined this relation towards the end of our last lecture. Let me quickly recall that for you. So, we say that two forms, so of course we mean the binary integral quadratic forms they are called equivalent if you can obtain one of them from the other using this substitution.   So, this will be another form in new variables x prime and y prime and this new form a different integral binary form will be said to be equivalent to our earlier binary form f. Now, I made this comment in the last lecture and I make it again that this is an equivalence relation this is why we call we use the word equivalent. Normally mathematicians are very careful while using words if some relation is not evidently equivalence and equivalence relation then we give some another word for that we say that this is related to g or we would use some other another word for these things it would be difficult to give an example now. But here we are saying so even from the definition you may notice that we have not explicitly said whether we are obtaining f from g or whether we are obtaining g from f. We are simply saying that f and g are equivalent if one of them can be obtained from the other using this substitution. So, if you can obtain f from g we call them equivalent or if you can obtain g from f then also we call them equivalent. So, by very construction this definition is symmetric whenever f is equivalent to g g is also equivalent to f. But we can also restrict our definition by saying that we are obtaining g from f as we have done in the example that you put the values of x and y in the formula for f then you get another homogeneous polynomial by simplification in the new variables x prime and y prime. And when you see x prime y prime just as variables as so you may rename them as x and y once you have computed the coefficients and therefore you get a new possibly different integral binary quadratic form then we call that g. So, you may obtain g from f or you may obtain f from g by definition both are allowed. But let us say that we are going to only obtain g from f and then we will see that this is an equivalence relation further it is also important that the value sets remain the same. So, this is a very fundamental definition in this theory of integral binary quadratic forms the definition of equivalence. So, we have some transformation we have a substitution which is actually a transformation if you know some group theory you will see that there is an action of the group sl to z on the set of binary quadratic forms over integers. I will let you think about whether it is a left action or right action. But this is what we have and so this I may also sometime use the word transformation because here we have a the sl to z is coming because we have p s minus q r equal to 1. So, that is why this is the formula for the determinant of a 2 by 2 matrix and that is precisely the matrix sl to z that is acting on the set of integral binary quadratic forms. So, let me give you some gist of this matrix notation which makes our things very simple. So, to begin with let us try to understand how the form f itself can be written as the matrix product. So, we consider x comma y we are taking it to be a row vector and here I have this 2 by 2 matrix note that this is a symmetric matrix and then I multiply it to that by a column vector. So, the vector which we have here the row vector and the column vectors these are transposes of each other that is one thing that we notice. Let us try to compute this value. So, we first obtain the left side multiplication and that would be Ax plus By by 2 comma Bx by 2 plus Cy and now we multiply to it by the column vector xy and we see that this is earlier. So, this was a 1 by 2 matrix this is a 2 by 2 matrix and this is a 2 by 1 matrix in the end we are going to get a 1 by 1 matrix. So, this is 1 by 2 and this is 2 by 1 we will get a 1 by 1 matrix which is Ax square plus this will give me Bxy by 2 and this also gives me Bxy by 2. So, I just have Bxy and finally we have Cy square. So, we have written our integral binary form in the following way equal to x transpose Afx. So, what is our capital X? Capital X is the column vector x comma y and Af is this 2 by 2 matrix. So, this 2 by 2 matrix is obtained by putting the coefficients for x square and the coefficient for y square on the diagonal in that order and the coefficient of xy is divided by 2 and then we put it in the off diagonal entries. So, this is the way we obtain the value of the integral binary quadratic form in terms of a matrix product. So, f xy or you may also call it f of capital X is x transpose Afx. This is how we have obtained the binary form and its value and now let us see how this helps us in doing these computations. So, once again this transformation x going to this and y going to this can be written as xy which can be written as Px prime plus Qy prime and here we have Rx prime plus Sy prime. So, you would have recognized here that this is nothing but the multiplication of this 2 by 2 matrix with this 2 by 1 matrix. So, we have Px prime plus Qy prime and Rx prime plus Sy prime. So, we have capital X to be capital U into capital X prime where we have that the determinant of U is 1. So, the matrix of xy has now changed to matrix x prime because of this transformation capital U. So, we initially applied our form f to x. Now, we are changing we are writing x as U into x prime. So, we are going to get a new form and let us see how that new form looks like. Before we go further let me also tell you why this change of matrix before we go further let me also tell you why this change of variables is invertible. This is precisely because the determinant of the matrix U is 1. So, we have a 2 by 2 matrix with integer entries if its determinant is 1 or minus 1 then its inverse is also going to have integer values thus entries in the inverse are also integral. So, whenever we have x equal to Ux prime we have x prime to be U inverse x and here U inverse is also an integer matrix. So, the entries of U prime might be alpha beta gamma delta and you would have the same property that alpha delta minus beta gamma the determinant of U inverse is equal to 1.  So, this is the way we quickly see that when you go from x to x prime the change of variables is invertible. In fact the relation among the quadratic forms is simply given by the change of variables and now it is easy to see for you that when you have 2 matrices of determinant 1 their product is also going to have determinant 1. So, when you go from x to x prime and x prime to x double prime you are actually going from x to x double prime by means of a matrix whose entries are integers and whose determinant remains to be 1 this quickly tells you that it has to be an equivalence relation. But let us see further first of all that the value sets are the same this is observed because we have our change of variables to be invertible.  So, you are going to take m comma n where both m and n come from integers and you apply this binary integral quadratic form to the pair m comma n and then whatever the values of this form that you get the whole set this is the set whenever you have a function from a set x to a set y and you take a subset of x say w then f of w is a subset of y and it is the set of all values f of small w where small w belongs to capital W. So, here you are taking f of all m comma n as m and n vary over integers. So, this is the value set and the value set V g of g is the set f of u z 2 this is because we will apply the transformation u to the vector capital X and then we obtain the value of the quadratic form f on this which is really the form g applied to the x and y. So, this is the value set but since u is invertible it follows that u z 2 is z 2. So, let us think about this we have applied u to the column vector say m comma n coming from z 2 and therefore after applying u to m n we get some one more column vector. So, we get an element in z 2 again. So, the multiplication by u on the left gives you a map from z 2 to z 2 and so u z 2 is sitting inside z 2 but u is also invertible. So, by applying u inverse to some element in the image we have found a vector such that when you apply u to this vector you get the desired vector. Therefore, this u z 2 is equal to z 2 the only thing we need here is that the map u is on 2 whenever the map u is on 2 u of z 2 is going to be equal to z 2. So, once you have that u z 2 is z 2 then we get that f of u z 2 which is really the set V g is same as f of z 2. So, this is V g and this is V f. So, both the value sets remain the same whenever we apply these transformations both the value sets are the same. So, we are not changing the values by applying these transformations but let us also understand how these transformations look like when you go from the matrix af which was the matrix for the quadratic form f to the matrix ag for the quadratic form g. Let us also try to understand that.  These are the definitions of the matrices af and ag and now we are going to get these values that g capital X is nothing but f of u x and so this is obtained by this formula.  So, we have this quantity here and we have this quantity here since these are same for every x in z 2 we then get that ag is u transpose af u. So, we have a matrix of determinant 1 of course with integer values such that the matrix ag is related to the matrix af by the formula that ag is u transpose af u and now it is easy to see once again that this is an equivalence relation in a different way because if you just put f on both sides you want to relate af to f you take u to be the identity matrix. If you have ag in terms of af and you want to write af in terms of ag you will take the inverse of u. So, you have the reflexivity you have the symmetry and now you want to get the transitivity which is also very easy because product of two matrices with integer values of determinant 1 is again an integral matrix whose determinant is equal to 1. So, what we have seen so far is that the transformations applied to the binary integral quadratic forms keep the same values and further this is an equivalence relation. Let me quickly define the discriminant of a binary form. So, I also after having talked about transformations I talked about an invariant. So, here is one invariant we start with a binary quadratic form over z we start with an integral binary form ax square plus bxy plus cy square and we define its discriminant to be this quantity b square minus 4ac. So, this is an integer moreover it has the property that modulo 4 this is a square. So, d is congruent to b square mod 4. Now, we have seen how squares look like modulo various integers and in particular modulo 4 this computation is very easy. We know that all squares modulo 4 are 0 or 1 and therefore it follows that the discriminant of binary integral quadratic form is always 0 or 1 modulo 4. Now, there are some natural questions most importantly what is the use of the discriminant first of all we should also see whether it is invariant under the change of variables that we have introduced. So, we will see that we will also see a small answer to a small question that if you have an integer d which is 0 or 1 mod 4 is it discriminant of some form. So, we are going to see answers to these questions and many other related questions in the coming lectures. So, stay tuned. Thank you.


Near Long Bin, damage is assessed at the 3rd Ordinance Ammunition Depot in the grim aftermath of a VC night attack. An ammunition pad with 6,000 howitzer shells was detonated during the attack, gouging out a crater nearly 200 feet across and almost 30 feet deep. The huge fireball from the blast was visible in Saigon, 22 kilometers away, where buildings were shaken and windows broken. Such was its force that a quarter mile away, this truck loaded with shells was flipped over like a toy. The mammoth blast set off secondary explosions and fires at other ammunition pads. But although thousands of shells were burned, there were no other major detonations. The attack in which two men were killed and nine wounded began when a patrol in the depot was hit by rifle fire. It was not determined if the big explosion was caused by a mortar shell or a time bomb, but the following day a crewed TNT satchel charge was recovered from another ammunition pad. Its wristwatch timing mechanism had failed only 50 minutes before detonation. With the shattering explosion still fresh in their minds, salvage crews begin recovery and removal of scores of scattered shells and broken crates. The first step toward bringing the hard-hit depot back to normal. On 3 November, U.S. Army Commander William C. Westmoreland arrives at Benoit to present a distinguished unit citation to the first battalion, 503rd Infantry of the 173rd Airborne Brigade. The unit is being honored for its extraordinary heroism during an engagement in November of 1965. After trooping the line, General Westmoreland and Major General Paul Smith, commander of the 173rd, mount the reviewing stand to hear the presidential citation read. It states in part, despite the constant Viet Cong assaults, their continued attack in human waves and the many casualties sustained by the American unit, the gallant and determined troops of the first battalion, 503rd Infantry, repulsed the Viet Cong and inflicted severe losses on them. After the reading, an honor guard brings the unit's flag forward as General Westmoreland steps down to affix the distinguished unit citation streamer. This is the second such citation for the unit which earned its first on Corregidor during World War II. Returning to the stand, General Westmoreland addresses the men. General Smith, General Brownlee, officers and troopers of the first battalion, 503rd Airborne Infantry. I have just had the great pleasure of pinning on your colors a streamer signifying that you have earned the distinction of the award of the presidential unit citation. This is the highest unit award that a unit of the Armed Forces of the United States can receive. It is my privilege in behalf of the President of the United States to make this presentation today. I congratulate you on your fast performance and will continue to expect great things of this distinguished organization, the 173rd Airborne Brigade, in the future. Then to the strains of a stirring march, the men of the heroic battalion proudly pass in review. At Natrong, units from the Vietnamese and United States Army and the Vietnamese Navy gather in celebration of National Independence Day, November 1st. Amidst a large crowd of onlookers, the troops stand at attention and salute as an honor guard raises the Vietnamese flag, symbol of the Second Republic founded three years ago. The Con Hoa Province Chief, an airborne troop commander, is on hand to deliver an address expressing the nation's gratitude for United States aid in the struggle to maintain independence. Then, distinguished individuals from both American and Vietnamese units come forward to receive decorations. A high-ranking officer receives the Vietnamese Medal of Honor Second Class from the Province Chief, as does Master Sergeant Donald Scherz, a MacV Intelligence Advisor. Members of a distinguished paratrooper unit are also awarded similar honors. Then the men reassemble to pass in review, climaxing several days of National Day celebrations in the area. On the northwest coast of Taiwan, Generalissimo Zheng Kai-shek and a host of dignitaries, including members of the U.S. Military Advisory Assistance Group, prepare to observe Exercise Nan Chang. A combined sea air and land operation, the exercise is the Republic of China's annual Armed Forces demonstration. Held on the 19th of October, this year's program demonstrates Nationalist China's military invasion capability. Well-drilled infantry advance inland, supported by a massive artillery bombardment from the beachhead. Machine guns and flamethrowers hit mock defense positions. In the frontal attack, concrete tank traps are used for cover by the advancing forces, as a naval bombardment supports. The invasion demonstration concludes as crack airborne units cascade behind the secondary defense. Observers agree that the 600,000 some-odd military force of Chiang Kai-shek's command is in a high state of preparedness due to constant training. I am Sergeant First Class John E. Garrison Enlisted Operations Advisor assigned to the Northern Advisory Team, Training Advisory Division Army Section MAG. In the background you have the entrance to the First NCO Academy, a portion of the Chinese First Field Army. Unlike NCO schools, as we know them, the primary mission of this school is to give the students a high school education, at the same time preparing them for a military career as non-commissioned officers. At the successful completion of the course, the students are given a rank of corporal and must serve six years on active duty. The school under its present concept was started in May of 1965. At that time, funds from the military assistance program were used for the construction of the building. However, since that time, the Chinese Army has taken over the maintenance and construction of new facilities. There are no U.S. advisors assigned permanently to the school. However, the advisors of the Northern Advisory Team are always available to offer assistance or advice when needed. Academic curriculum for the NCO candidates is similar to that taught in U.S. high schools. Algebra and geometry prepare the students for difficult technical training which lies ahead. To better understand their American military advisors, the trainees learn to read, write and speak English. I know what to say. I know what to say. When to talk. I know when to talk. When to go. I know when to go. In the field of sciences, basic chemistry gives the student a fundamental background in the use of chemicals as they conduct classroom experiments. Through his biology studies, the NCO candidate gains an understanding of the bodily processes of man and the effective germs upon living cells. Here at Zhongli, particular stress is given to physical fitness. The wave drill limbers up legs and torsos. Fundamentally, a military academy, the school teaches a full schedule of military courses, including sand table tactics. Weaponry classes provide instruction on such automatic weapons as the machine gun, both 30 and 50 caliber. Arms used by the nationalist Chinese or a U.S. manufacturer and American Army advisors direct maintenance. Standard U.S. Army 45 is also the handgun issued to these NCO trainees. Many are expert shots. Motor drills turn out highly proficient teams with a clear understanding of the weapons used. At nearby Chang'an is the Republic of China Armored Center and School. Operated by the Chinese First Armored Division, the center offers complex courses covering the entire spectrum of the Army's armored vehicles and their communications network. In a class devoted to the study of communications equipment, armor students learn how to operate and perform simple maintenance on several models of American-made military radios. Heart of all student research is the Armor Academy Library. Technical books, manuals, and pamphlets printed in both Chinese and English are to be found here. Constantly growing, the library poses a problem. A new wing has recently been added and still more shelf space is required. Practical application of classroom training is the next step, as eager students are permitted to begin maintenance procedures on armored vehicles and engines of World War II vintage. Tanks and other vehicles are supplied by the United States Army. Elsewhere at the school's fire direction center, trainees learn to plot fire emissions for such artillery weapons as the 105-millimeter Howitzer mounted on a World War II M7 chassis. However, it is in new condition. In final stages of training, new tank men are put through their paces with their M41 tanks during firing exercises. To the observer, it is clear the U.S. commitment in Army advisors and materiel has not been wasted. Today, the military posture of the Republic of China is a major factor in the affairs of Southeast Asia. At Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok, Thailand, President Lyndon B. Johnson is welcomed enthusiastically on 29 October, the second day of a three-day visit to that nation. The President enters the university auditorium and dons academic robes to receive an honorary degree of Doctor of Political Science with King Phumifol Aduhiyodet among those present. My nation today is bearing a heavy load in the Vietnamese conflict alongside of your nation. The central tragedy of our times is the human and material waste. That goes into war. It is my hope and my firm expectation that as soon as Hanoi accepts reality and the war in Vietnam ends, it will be possible to devote substantially greater funds to the relief of all human need in the world. To the enrichment of life. And in that larger effort, we believe that Southeast Asia will have its full share because we know that you believe as we do that we would much prefer to take our material resources and put them in bread for babies and to put them in bullets and bombs. On 30 October at Don Muang Airport, Flower Girl strew petals in the path of the first U.S. President to visit Thailand and his first lady as they bid farewell to their hosts. The Royal Thai Air Force Band plays as U.S. Air Force One glistening in the early morning sunlight takes off for Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. One hour and 32 minutes later, Air Force One touches down at Kuala Lumpur's International Airport. The Malaysians extend an elaborate welcome to the first United States President to visit their nation and to Mrs. Johnson. Among the dignitaries on hand to greet them are Malaysia's King and Queen. An Honor Guard stands by as the King escorts President Johnson to the dais followed by the Queen and First Lady. The 101 man Honor Guard is from the Royal Malay Regiment. The United States Chief Executive responds to the warm welcome given to him upon his arrival.  And then from the very same room where you once planned battle strategy, you planned the works of peace. You began building a free and prosperous countryside that can relieve the poverty and the apathy upon which communism so often thrives. Your achievement in this respect, I believe, has the greatest significance for our struggle in Vietnam today. You have shown that military action can stop communist aggression and that while the aggression is being stopped, and even more strongly when it is stopped, the peace as well as the war can be won. Your example offers us hope for the future. It is a great pleasure to be here and to see firsthand. And Ms. Johnson, I look forward to the great pleasure to our stay with you. Thank you very much. That night, a glittering state banquet is held at Parliament House in honor of the President. One highlight is the colorful Malaysian ballet performance. In his final speech before flying to South Korea, the President makes his first direct comment on the latest Chinese nuclear test. I have been in Asia. The Communist Chinese have exploded another nuclear weapon, which they state was attached to a missile. The pursuit of a national nuclear capability not only makes international arms control, including a nuclear test ban and a non-proliferation treaty vastly more difficult. It also invites danger to China itself. For the leaders of China must realize that any nuclear capability they can develop can and will be deterred. We have already declared that nations which do not seek national nuclear weapons can be sure that they will have our strong support if they need it against any threat of any nuclear blackmail. Activities of a U.S. mobile training team within Bolivia are varied and wide. The mission of the three-man team from 8th Special Forces Group Airborne stationed at Fort Gulik Canal Zone is to give general training to male and female nurses working at the Bolivian Military Hospital in La Paz. The team supervises a six-week training course, including both classroom and practical work in the hospital. The director and Captain Joseph Maher pause for a look at some of the outpatients. Captain Maher and his team are honored in a formal ceremony held on the grounds of the hospital. The occasion is attended by Bolivian and American notables along with hospital personnel. It reflects a measure of the appreciation and wholehearted cooperation on the part of the Bolivian government as expressed by the Bolivian Minister of Defense. At the School of the Army in Kokobamba, another mobile training team under Major Patsy A. Milantoni teaches a course in counterinsurgency. The 26 students, all graduates of the Bolivian General Staff School, welcome the course in interior defense and development as they prefer to call it. Although members of the team conduct most of the instruction, guest speakers are frequently included in the program. Enrollment is limited to only the most deserving career officers. At graduation ceremonies, Major Milantoni delivers an address to the class and attending notables, which include General Guzman, the Minister of National Defense, and Colonel Kenneth Masak, Chief of the U.S. Army Mission to Bolivia. Major Milantoni then presents diplomas to the graduates. Concrete evidence of the excellent rapport established between the mobile training team and students with a common goal. Santa Cruz is the setting for another activity of the mobile training team. The hog project has been built under the supervision of MTT. On hand for the dedication are officers from the U.S. Army Mission and officials from the Agency for International Development along with members of the MTT. A commemorating plaque is unveiled by Colonel Lawrence Horace, Chief Military Group. Following the dedication, the officials take a tour of the farm. The project, started in April 1965, will provide more than 1,000 fat hogs per year. Yet another activity of MTT is an interest in Bolivia's Boys Town, located near La Paz. On one of the frequent visits, team leader Captain Maher accompanies Major C.A. Wiskowski, Medical Advisor of the U.S. Army Mission to Bolivia. These boys are waiting for medical treatment. Captain Maher is present on his off-duty time to learn and to offer any assistance possible. Scrapes and cut fingers are common among active youngsters. And it doesn't hurt a bit. Major Wiskowski does the honors in distributing bars of soap to the boys. Their brief but very welcome visit concluded, Major Wiskowski and Captain Maher take their leave. Adios amigos, come again soon.


Lakeland PBS presents Common Ground, brought to you by the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund and the citizens of Minnesota. Production funding of Common Ground is made possible in part by First National Bank Bemidji, continuing their second century of service to the community, a partnership for generations. Member, FDIC. Welcome to Common Ground. I'm producer-director Scott Knudson. In this episode, sisters Kathy and Lynette visit the Otter Tail County Historical Society's Museum in Fergus Falls, Minnesota, where they share their connection to a historic U.S. flag. Also, bake some bread with a grain of good. I'm Kathy Ebbelbold. I'm the curator of collections at the Otter Tail County Historical Society. And today, we had Kathy and Lynette, sisters, come to look at a flag that was made by their great-grandmother and others. The Otter Tail County Historical Society is located in Fergus Falls, Minnesota. We have a museum with 20,000 square feet of exhibits, and we also have a library where people can do research. We help the public find out their answers to any questions about local history. It is so meaningful to have descendants contact the Historical Society. Wanting to see an artifact that we've had here for 85 years just makes it that much more special. Lynette contacted me, and I just met her and Kathy today, and it was awesome. I'm Lynette Butler, and it was my great-grandmother Eliza was one of the seven ladies who handmade that particular flag, first flag in Otter Tail County. It was about 1870, July 4th. It was a big celebration. I'm Kathleen Smith-Coker. My great-grandmother Eliza Smith, she was married to Azariah in 1870. She and six other women made an American flag with 37 stars, and it was the first American flag that was in Otter Tail County. It flew over the general store in Parker's Prairie at that time. They celebrated the 4th of July, that year with that flag of raising it up the pole, and this was just a very new state. Women, seven women, got together. They wanted to celebrate not only the 4th of July, 1870, but also the first time mail delivery was being delivered to Parker's Prairie. So it was for that celebration that this was made for. I'm just so thankful that the curator and the museum there are caring for that flag after all these years.  It just means so much that that part of history, not only for our family, but for other families, but for the whole community that was struggling at the time. 1870 is quite early for things really happening in Otter Tail County. It wasn't until after the Civil War, so after 1865 that this county is wrapping up of people moving here, coming here, settling here, really starts happening. And I think, you know, we just came out of the Civil War. I think that might have something to do with the creation of this flag and the celebration that was going to happen. They were new to come to the area. They, of course, wanted the best for their community. They were just going to get mail, which must have been just a tremendous thing. Prior to this, they had to go to Osacus to get that mail. That was quite a trek. So this was really an important event for the people. The life in general at that time was probably very hard. They did everything by hand. They made their own quilts. They raised their own vegetables and didn't have many luxuries of any kind. Life was hard. There were a lot of deaths, of baby deaths especially. Babies didn't make it through the birth and many died shortly thereafter because of the hardship and no medical advantage in that area. They just worked really hard and forged a new land and a new area. It's amazing. And to think that they hand stitched every stitch. It's all hemmed too. The state became a state in 1858 and our relatives came. The men came first in 1868, so just 10 years after the birth of the state. They claimed their homestead, started to establish some things and then went back and got the family and brought them by covered wagon. And they settled here. Amazing, amazing what they were able to do with very little resources. They had the land. They had their knowledge of past farming. It was just amazing what they did with so little at the time. Where they came from was a little more modern than the area they went to because they had come from Iowa and some places east of the Mississippi because some of them were born in like Massachusetts or Pennsylvania. And so those people there would have had gaslight and all that kind of thing. These here probably would just have had like kerosene lamps or as Abraham Lincoln he read by the light of the fireplace. So it was very primitive, very primitive living. The first time we got to see the flag was in 2007 and we went, the three of us, we had another sister who has since passed away. It was tearful. We missed our sister this time because she was so, she was very much a historian of the family. So we've all joined in with her vision to do this and so we really, really missed our sister and still do after years. Just about makes me cry. The three of us were able to go and the curator graciously brought the flag out and unrolled it and it's huge. More than ten feet by more than six feet. I mean it's not a little postage stamp flag. It's big. And it was like touching a piece of sacred history. It just was amazing to us. According to the article it was wool flannel. The stripes were and then the blue part there was made out of a different fabric and then the stars were out of a different fabric. The fabric itself was interesting because it's almost like a flannel. The stripes are and the blue of course was very faded because blue tends to fade quicker than other colors. The blue is really faded because blue was a very difficult color to be produced. There's only a few countries in ancient times that even had a really pretty blue. Blue even nowadays will fade out fast too unless it's synthetic product. Cottons and stuff like that you'll notice the blue fades more often than the other colors will. And the white I notice is dulled with age I'm sure. It is more of a cream color. The red still shows really good. According to the records there were three different kinds of fabrics used. The same fabric for the red and the white stripes and then a different fabric for the blue and still yet another fabric for the little stars. I think the stars you said was chambray? Yeah. And it's a finer weave material than this. This is really quite coarse. Yeah this is almost like a feed sack. Not quite as coarse as a feed sack on the white and the red. If the history record is correct the man who owned the first store in Parker's Prairie went to Osacus and purchased the material. Now how he knew how much I don't know. So the fabric was supplied by this general store owner and his wife Catherine. She was one of the seven women to work on this flag. These women were aged between 18 and 28 years old at the time that they made this flag. And you know they were already by that time going to be good seamstresses. I mean that is a skill that was learned from a very early age especially among women. They were very young. Some of them were just 18, 20, 26 of the ladies that helped make the flag. We think nowadays of young people by that age they're probably still going to college or maybe still in high school but these women were already married and had children. I've often wondered just how did these seven ladies figure out how to make this thing. They didn't have a pattern. There was no flag close to follow no internet to look at the pattern or dimensions. They figured it out on their own and he donated the materials and they must have drawn it out or imagined it out or quilted it out but they did a masterful job. I would think that the creation of this was something like Quilting Bee. They probably all got together. What I wonder is why so large? I mean this was a statement piece. This is huge. This is a very large artifact. In fact when we were going to display it we had it on display in 2014 for an exhibit and when I had decided I wanted this artifact to be in that exhibit but I didn't know what size it was. So when we pulled it out and unrolled it then I was shocked by the size of this artifact. It's incredibly large. Why? Why did they make it that large? Although it was just that it was probably so much of a celebration that they really wanted to maybe outdo themselves. In coming together to make the flag I think there was much more a sense of close community between the families, between the women especially because they were isolated and community event they had quilting bees etc to come together as a community and these seven ladies and they were young fairly young women came together and made this flag. I think it was fun. The tiny stitches it just stands out because they're much tinier than I'd ever do. The seams were done so well that some of them were probably stitched at least three times where the stripes were connected to the background of the stars of the blue material. That was stitched almost three times in a flat fell scene that made it very strong because if it went up a pole on a windy day there's a lot of pressure on a flag and you can see how some of the flags nowadays as well as they're made and with very tough material nowadays they just rip apart after a little while if they're not taken care of. So that flag was very well made, very well made. The seamstress work in it is excellent. When you make a quilt or do hand work together or anything as a community group, like seven ladies together, they can do some talking, visiting, catching up with who had the last baby and all those things that were important. Did your potatoes grow this year? What about the squash? Are you going to be able to can something? I think they shared, it was a time of sharing those things that were so important to those ladies at that time which probably wouldn't be relevant to anyone this day and age but to them it was life, it was the heart of their life. And so this flag then flew over the Aslan store. They had a general store, he was the first postmaster. All makes sense, the history there. So that flag remained in the possession of the Aslan family until it was donated to the Historical Society. So it is the daughter of one of the women who made the flag that donated it to the Historical Society in 1933. They obviously thought a lot about this artifact. In fact, they even brought it out again in 1930 when they dedicated a monument to the community of Parkersbury. They moved with their family by covered wagon to the Parkersbury area which was at the time the terminus of the trails coming up from the south from St. Cloud and Osacus. Well, many of them were immigrants too from other countries and if they weren't themselves then their parents were because our country was so new at that time and just to move west and come from Pennsylvania, New York area. She had just arrived the year before after much tragedy in their own lives and had come west in a covered wagon with the family. They didn't have much. They did not have very much and yet to do this in respect for the country. It's just amazing, just amazing. I don't think that they really had a lot of time to think about the future. Just maybe into the next week or the next month. But to think of like sometimes nowadays we think of what it's going to be like in space travel and all that kind of thing. I don't think they would have ever given a thought to having a microwave that they could just punch a button and have hot water in a minute and all that. They had to go to the pump or the lake and get the water and they had to bring the wood in. Usually the men would chop down the trees but many times the women helped do the wood also. And those were just everyday things for them that they had to build a fire. I know when we first moved here on this farm my mom had a wood stove and how she ever baked bread and everything and made it all just absolutely perfect. I don't know if I can even do that in a gas stove. But probably they didn't have any idea of what it would be like. It would be very hard for people of today, 26 year olds and 30 year olds to go back to that kind of life. Although now there are some that are trying to live off the land so to speak and do things the old fashioned way and probably having electricity nowadays is one of the biggest advantages that running water does make household chores so much better. This object, this artifact had so much significance for the community at the time and by being able to preserve that, save that, we get to preserve a snapshot in our community history. Because it's a very unique flag because of the 37 stars and because it was the first one in Ottertale County and that it's handmade, that it's a beautiful flag. I'm glad someone has seen fit to preserve it all these years. I'm very thankful that my sisters and I have been able to see the flag actually twice now. Our younger sister came over here and found out about it. And I think she researched the records here in the museum. So the museum is a wonderful source of those kinds of things and just really ties the past with the present and hopefully we pass it on to the future of our kids. As far as any of our descendants that might want to see it, I think they'll just have to watch this video and see that because that'll be some really good pictures of the flag and why it's there, how it got there and the people that preserved it in the process. It could have just been thrown away a long time ago. You know it's important for people to have a better idea of what historical societies do. This is one of those things that we do. We try to preserve artifacts for future generations so that they can come and see them and this is exactly what happened today. We had two people come here that got to see an artifact that was made 148 years ago. That's just amazing. That's what we do. As a worship instrument, we're very often accompanying hymns and there are creative ways that organists can vary what's called the registration to enhance the words of those hymns. I love to have little light sounds like the birds you probably hear in the background and then to talk about thunder, to talk about a flowing river. The texts of our hymns are connected to our faith but they're also connected to nature. One of the things about this is it is what it is and you get what you see. There's no hidden anything. It is a mobile wood-fired brick oven. There's no propane. There's no outside electricity. There's nothing but wood keeping this thing hot. Right now I'm making salsa. We had a gig last night and so the oven's piping hot and instead of wasting that energy and that heat, utilizing it to do some fire roasted salsa. It's canning season so you get to put some food by for the winter and nothing tastes better than fire roasted tomatoes. I would still consider myself a visual artist doing watercolor or mixed media, anything with two-dimensional in mind. But the transition, I guess I wouldn't consider it a transition because I've always been a cook. My first real job being on payroll was in a kitchen in a little cafe back where I grew up and it was something that felt natural. My grandma cooked with my mom and we lived in a house with wood-fired heat so my dad taught me how to build fires and chop wood so it's kind of been second nature my whole life. I also have a big old pan of garlic roasting in there right now which I really need to check on. This is just candy. Well, it's about to be candy. It's still a little sharp right now, but that's going to go in the salsa. Half of it will go straight into my mouth and the other half will go into the salsa. So those are looking good. Keep the tin foil on them otherwise they will scorch before the inside gets any sort of caramelization. And that would be a waste of really good garlic. I also have a potato that's baking in there. So the floor of this oven is significantly cooler than the dome. If you want to know if it's hot, you stick your head low enough because it's hot in the dome and when it's white, that means it's hot to the point of 800 to 1000 degrees and it's been white for about two days now so it's hot for sure. When we did our pizzas last night, they took about 30 seconds before they caught on fire. Knowing where your hot spots and your cool spots are is the real trick to cooking anything in this because you can overcook part of your food and undercook the rest of it really easily but it's been two years now and I'm getting the hang of some of it. I still do lose a couple of things to fire every once in a while but who doesn't, you know, a hot dog or a marshmallow and a bun fire, a pizza and a break oven. It's all relative. The one thing that I wanted to try that I haven't done yet is to put a cast iron skillet in there and make some flatbread. So I want to make this Algerian flatbread on a cast iron skillet. It's my grandma's skillet. Most of my cast iron is and I'm going to stick it in there so it gets nice and hot and then we'll try throwing some dough on there. So this is just a big tub of really loose dough so I'm going to throw some flour on there, make a quick little ball of dough and add some spices to it. And one of the dreams that I have for this is to do something kind of like a CSB which if you're familiar with a CSA which is community supported agriculture it'd be fun to do a community supported bakery and have standing orders for baked goods every once in a while. I don't know if you can hear that oil sizzling but that's getting nice and hot. So this is a spice blend. It's cumin and paprika and cayenne, salt and turmeric. So it's a little spicy. I guess I'd say it's Algerian so it's got some of those warm spices to it. Just roll it up kind of like a cinnamon roll. You could just mix it right in with the dough but mixing one big batch of dough that doesn't have anything but flour, salt, water, and yeast and it allows you to diversify different things like with the rest of this dough I could put some of these beets in there and make little beet buns or make a bunch of flatbread or make some pizza or some effy rolls or something like that. So I like to keep my options open. Alright, so like I said, I've never done it so we will see if anything happens. A charcoal grill is a lot easier to cook on, that's for sure. This takes a lot of time and a lot of energy just to get going. Oh, what a cool idea! I would love to have one of those in my backyard and eat pizza every night and you'd be waiting a lot for your dinner than every night because it takes hours and hours to get this thing hot enough to cook a pizza as fast as you want it. That being said, it makes some of the best pieces I ever taste. But it's definitely not something that you fire up on a whim. When I do fire it up for a job I like to think next day what am I going to put in it? What am I going to use that heat for all that wood? Thank you so much for watching. Join us again on Common Ground. If you have an idea for Common Ground in North Central Minnesota, email us at legacy at lptv.org or call<PHONE_NUMBER>. To watch Common Ground online, visit lptv.org and click local shows. For episodes or segments of Common Ground, call<PHONE_NUMBER>. Production funding of Common Ground was made possible in part by First National Bank Bemidji, continuing their second century of service to the community, a partnership for generations, member FDIC. Common Ground is brought to you by the Minnesota Arts and Cultural Heritage Fund, with money by the vote of the people November 4th, 2008.


If he was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom today, perhaps Julian Assange would have been free already. But it's never too late. So it's my great pleasure to present Jeremy Corbyn today in Washington, DC. Thank you. Thank you, Sreco. And thank you, Amy, for presiding over today's event in this amazing setting of a national press club where Julian Assange revealed uncomfortable truths to the world about the murder, the murder of innocent civilians in Iraq by specific military orders to do so, knowing full well they were breaking the law. What's Julian charged with? Telling the truth. Telling the truth all over the world about what governments do and what governments want to hide from. I, as an elected politician, am very well aware that elected politicians don't like being questioned on the decisions that they make. But it's fundamental to a democratic society that they are constantly under surveillance and under question. They're very keen on putting everybody else under surveillance. Their decisions should be under surveillance at the same time. And so Julian published through WikiLeaks huge volumes of information. He went to extraordinary lengths to anonymize the sources and protect the sources at the same time. He was extremely responsible in his journalistic approach to this. And the way his character has been denigrated all over the world is a shame and a disgrace. He's threatened with the Espionage Act, the Espionage Act for somebody who revealed truths. And if he arrives in this country and is put on trial here, which I hope he never is and I hope he never does, would then face a 175-year sentence. It is, in effect, a death sentence and he would be left for the rest of his life in a maximum security prison in the most appalling conditions. But he's already in the most appalling conditions. He's being held in Her Majesty's Prison. His Majesty's Prison Belmarsh in southeast London. I visited that prison on previous occasions to visit prisoners there. It is an awful place. It is a brutal place. It is a place devoid of humanity. And he is stuck there. Not a convicted criminal, but a remand prisoner who is potentially awaiting trial. He's the only one in that category in that particular prison. Now, he is accused and WikiLeaks are accused of damaging the interests of the US government, the British government, the French government. And actually, if you plow through the tens of thousands of documents there, you'll find they're pretty embarrassing to pretty well every government in the world, including, as a matter of fact, the government of Russia as well. Because Julian wanted the truth out about what powerful nations do to people without power who are victims of their exercise of that power. He also exposed the way that desperate, poor, migrant people face dangers in the Mediterranean, the English Channel, and so many other places. And so our plea is here today about support for Julian. But I say this to journalists who may be watching this around the world. You might say, well, okay, that's Assange, that's different, that's the way. Sorry, it's not. It's you as a journalist. Because if Julian Assange ends up in a maximum security prison in the United States for the rest of his life, every other journalist around the world will think, oh, should I really report this information I've been given?  And around the world there are, sadly, hundreds of very brave and brilliant journalists who've lost their lives trying to expose the truth. So today, here in the National Press Club, we're speaking up for journalists, real journalists, all over the world who want to expose the truth that we are better informed and democracy functions better as a result. Now, as I said, I'm an elected politician. And what worries me is the silence of so many fellow elected politicians around the world. So my plea here today is this. You have been elected by an electoral democratic process. The people who elected you paced their faith and their trust in you to speak up for them and their democracy. Your silence makes it worse for Julian. Your silence makes it worse for democracy as a whole. And so when we surrounded the UK Parliament, the British Parliament, the Houses of Parliament with a chain of people, thousands of people in support of Julian, we were demonstrating our wish that our parliament speaks up. In the same way, some politicians in a number of countries have spoken up. But I appeal to elected politicians in the United States, speak up to defend democracy, speak up against the powers of the Espionage Act, and speak up for Julian Assange. Because our human rights are under threat all over the world. The rollback of the advances of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the European Declaration of Human Rights, European Convention on Human Rights, and many others are under threat at the present time. Our actions around the world in support of Julian, in support of the right to know, can and I believe will change the course of what's going on. So let's get a message out here today from this National Press Club in Washington. We are bearing witness to a travesty of justice, to an abuse of human rights, to a denial of freedom of somebody who bravely put himself on the line that we all might know that the innocent died in Abu Ghraib, the innocent died in Afghanistan, the innocent are dying in the Mediterranean, and innocents die all over the world where unwatched, unaccountable powers decide it's expedient and convenient to kill people who get in the way of whatever grand scheme they've got. We say no, that's why we are demanding justice for Julian Assange. Hear the call, let's free Julian Assange, and we will all be safer as a result of that. Thank you very much.


Today we are on the outskirts of Kabul in Afghanistan. Our teams here are conducting a distribution of much needed relief items to displaced populations. There are at least 80 families here who will benefit from non-food items and that includes blankets for the entire families that includes kitchen sets and items that are much needed to repair their shelter. Right now there are 5.5 million people displaced in Afghanistan. These people are still reliant on humanitarian aid. Our efforts here are part of IOM's Humanitarian Assistance Programme which aims at providing much needed and urgent relief to displaced populations.


Yeah, thank you very much. So my doing Reese. Hello everybody. I am Reese and as I said I'm here to talk to you today about how to integrate your GDPR features They're more press into your project So first of all to begin with I am not a lawyer. I am not a lawyer I'm Pretended to be a lawyer but acted as a lawyer. I did date one once I did date one one for about six months, but apart from that I have no experience of any body In the legal profession or myself so what I am is I am a plug-in developer and In 2009 I built a plug-in called WP will capture Basically what it does is it allows you to pull into your site You name and an email box and it sends an email saying do you want to subscribe to my newsletter? They then click yes save the email address and the name to the database and You can then export and put it into something like MailChimp or something to send the email As you haven't probably worked out by now my plug-in is designed to collect data So I had to comply And GDPR came about in Late May so I left it really really really late and in early May I Began working on my own solution my own solution was basically have a privacy policy box in the back end of my plug-in You could copy and paste from the privacy policy box into your privacy policy and you could also Export and delete data based on email addresses It worked it did work but It wasn't really very robust so 16th of May 2018 It was Manchester WordPress user group and Heather came down and gave a talk on the work that she been working on With the privacy team and it was the next it was like oh my goodness. This is like everything which I have been doing as a plug-in developer and I had to kind of make a decision and I made a decision now and then to basically scrap what was effectively two weeks worth of work and Most of it scrapped and you decide to integrate with WordPress's privacy features the reason for it was two-fold first of all from a first of all from a Developer standpoint it was far easier for me to maintain because rather than just me maintain it. I had a large WordPress community who would be maintaining those tools and It was also better for the users because rather than going to the users and go right okay if you need to do a GDPR Export or do a GDPR request you need to go here. Oh, yeah, except for my plug-in way. You need to go here So you need to do too. We can just train the user to kind of go to one place Do one GDPR request and go from there So that was May 16th May 17th WordPress 4.9.6 was released It was classed as a security release, but probably should have been a minor release because of the amount of features that it added I'm not going to mention the G word, but there's all sorts of reasons behind WordPress 4.9.6 instead of 4.10 which you should have been but it wasn't automatically updated initially but eventually it was We'll say did a few checks and make sure that it was all okay the 4.9.6 had a number of privacy features um It had a privacy policy creator a data exporter and a data eraser It did have also a lot more features That we're not going to talk about in this talk such as like if you leave a comment you can choose whether to keep your name and email address in the cookies in the comment box by sending the cookie But we're not going to talk about those but they're all there, but for the purposes of the next 15 to 20 minutes, we're going to be talking about these features and how to integrate them with your project So the first thing is a privacy policy creator when you go to settings and then privacy You can choose a privacy policy page on your site This can either be one you've already written or it can be one that exists that you haven't written but you can create a brand new page that Is treated as your privacy policy page What happens is when you kind of create this page like similar when you've got like a A front page or if you've got like a news page like you have a little label by it. You now have a label It says privacy policy page when you go into the page. This is on the classic editor Um You get a guide prompt and this is this is equal to both when you create a page And if you assign a page to be your privacy policy You get a little prompt that says you need help putting this together Check out your guide for recommendations of what content to include and There's a link going to the privacy policy guide um The only difference is if you create a page and if you've already got a page assigned is if you create a page Those headers are automatically pasted below. Um, but if you've already got a page assigned, it's not When you click on that link to go to the guide you get taken to the privacy policy guide This is like an introduction and it basically says this is a bunch of headings And it kind of says right. This is what you need to write for these sections Um, you will need to write it. It's not boilerplated on the whole The reason being is that everybody's got different sites. You could have a You know, you could have a facebook pixel pixel, which you'll need to account for you could have a google analytics Which you'll need to account for you could you know, you could have a bitcoin miner I don't know why you'd want to put one on your site, but you could have one But and you need to write sections for these for every single player for every single thing that you have on this site now WordPress does things that It knows what it's doing. So so basically things like when you log into your site We've got a cookie on your computer because that way you don't have to log into every single page and things like that now Those those things are kind of known so there is a there is kind of boilerplated text Now if you're a plug-in owner or you write a plug-in you can actually add to this page And you can do so. Um, by the way, this is all the code, but if you go to that link Um, I'm putting the slides up after so this is a code example Um, so you can see this so you can actually add to this page. So for example um You can add to the admin init action Which is an action that runs on any admin page that's initiated. You can add a function I've got my function wp email capture privacy policy content and I've run it quite late um, this is just a very basic function that runs the wp underscore add underscore privacy underscore policy underscore content function This function has two attributes The first parameter is the title. So if you wanted to be a title on the page, this could be like a section So in my case wp email capture Um, the second parameter is content. So this block here is just the blocker text on what my plug-in does and the data it collects And you can add to the page When you update to this version of my plug-in or If you add this to your plug-in, you'll get the notification at the top of the page saying The suggested privacy policy text has changed. Please review it Which encourages the user to review the page and to make changes So you can see here You see here like the source wp email capture. That's the title and underneath it's the body You can press copy and you can copy it and paste it into your privacy policy Second section is the user explore page, which is added in the tool section. It's called export personal data When people make a request for data, they generally use requests such as your email address or username And then they click send request an email gets sent To the username or email address Requiring confirmation. So you're basically to say hi We've received this request for user export. Please confirm you are who you say you are To stop people making an error in this request Um You got this next step once once they click the link It's then this next step changed the waiting from confirmation to confirmed Um, once confirmed you can download the data Um, I'm sending to them now. You can actually download it before they confirm as well, but it's up to you When you when you download the data you get a file Look something like this So this is like your personal data export and it's basically all the density you have So this is this is running on my test site with my email address So everything associated with the email address so you can see here at the bottom I've uploaded a couple of images. They're assigned to my email address. That's data that they have Yeah Now you can add to this page and you can add to the export file To do this, you need a filter which is wp privacy personal data exporters Um, this filter is connected to an array which lists all the exporter functions As this an array you can add to it Uh, you can add to it An array with two keys exporter friendly name So this is like in my case is wp on the capture, which basically says that if it goes wrong You know where to look to kind of fix it And it also adds callback, which is a callback function And I'm going to apologize because the next slide is really complex um so The callback function will be something like this. This is only part of it and then only part of the relevant part of it You start off the callback function by grabbing your data However, you choose to do that whether it's in miniscule query, whether it's uh I mean, it could be in an api However, you choose to do it you grab the data and you have it in whatever format you choose You then need to put it into an array. So this is the data array on the side and this data array you two keys in an array and it is The first key is name, which is the name of the data And the second key is value, which is the value of the data So for example, if you have a twitter handle the name would be twitter handle the value would be at resource or whatever You then have this data row array. So this data array, sorry You then put this into another array, which is called exports items over here This has four attributes First one is group ID, which Is the group that you want to associate with this data. So it can be post page media comment Whatever Um, or you can give it your own. So in my case, it's WPML capture The group label is a human readable name. So in my case, it's WPML capture data An item item ID, which is like a unique identifier for it and all the data that you created in the previous step You then take that array And put it into another array, which is the data you return Um, so this array has two attributes Uh data, which is everything you've built up to this point and done Done is either true or false. So if you have a lot of data You may want to kind of split this up into two or three different Two or three run-throughs If you click and if you return false The function runs again if you return true It goes on and does something else Complex, I apologize. It's a lot easier from here on it What you end up with is something looks like this. So this is like This is like the group label and this is like the group the group ID The left hand column is all the names And the right hand column is all about the user associated with it. User deletion page The user deletion page works very similar and has a very similar layout. What happens is a user will Send an email that will make a request to delete the data And you give them either their username associated with it with the data or an email address This then sends an email to the User Says hi we've received requests to just delete your data Please confirm they then confirm And then you can then go ahead and delete the data again You can delete it beforehand, but you probably don't want to do that Similar to the exporters You have an eraser And you have a you have enough filter for erasing data And that's wp underscore privacy underscore personal underscore data underscore erases This is an array of all Erasing functions. So you can add to it Similar to the exporter This you add to it an array with two keys arrays a friendly name So that's the name. So if something goes wrong, you can know where to look for debugging And the callback function This my callback function In the callback function You build a function as least items for your database table. However, choose to do it again API You know wp query SQL however you choose to do it. So I'm not going to go into When you have the query that runs You return An array with four values. Now the thing is because because there's no data return You can't really return too much, but you have to return something You return an array with four keys Items underscore removed Is the number of items you remove. So this is like the the row here is removed Items retained items retained means that any data that you Choose to retain for whatever reason You can do so. I think Again, not a lawyer, but I believe you need to retain sales records for example for some liners Messages any messages you want to send And a done filter So if you need to Run through this process through more times for false If you only need to run through it once return through race through this It's a unit call right A useful option is wp underscore page underscore for underscore privacy underscore Policy This is an id for the privacy policy page. So if you need to In your plugin or theme link to it use that id and use a get permalink on that id to return and the The privacy policy page You cannot call if you choose to release your plugins on the WordPress.org repository. You cannot call them ddpl The reason being was hypothetically speaking. This is a thought experiment, but If you had one plugin that makes your site gdpr compliant, which doesn't exist, but this is you you can And you are working in a laptop You're working in a coffee shop with your laptop and you take a phone call and you leave your laptop open all of a sudden What was your and you're working on your WordPress site and you logged in All of a sudden that plugin can't do anything really So You can't call the gdpr compliant Um, what I use is compatible with WordPress's privacy Features or gdpr friendlier or something like that. I prefer using the compatible with WordPress's gdpr or privacy features Um, that doesn't mean you shouldn't do this Taking away the moral and the legal reasons for doing these this this sort of work It's actually when I introduced this into my plugin From a business standpoint. I had number of people who turned who switched from other people's plugins to mine Not everybody does this either through the fact that Plugins abandoned or You know, they have rare reasons for not doing it if you can do this You've opened up a new market particularly a european focus market to to your features, which is great when you get more customers And further reading is available at developers.wordpress.org For such plugins for such privacy. There's a lot of really really useful examples on this I have raced through that The offer bow. Thank you very much and I'm happy to take a few questions and So you mentioned about this is not specifically about your your But the privacy stuff mentioned like that a user would submit a request to a delete or to access How Yeah, I mean what I mean generally I would assume just like a contact form Right, so you're built in core way that That like puts a form there that I I don't think there is to the best of my knowledge I would do Just if you put in your privacy policy, I'm assuming If you if you want to put a request in Either email this. I mean this is this is more for stuff that I've done outside of this This is for client stuff is when they free written the privacy policy. They've usually included the email address Any In terms of Data solutions is there any move from wordpress to give us functionality to do Automated housekeeping by having expiry dates against the data I don't it's a it's a very open-ended question because there's no one kind of data No, but to give us the opportunity to again So maybe I keep your data for five years and yours for seven years Again, and also it's granular So you may have multiple pieces of data in a single record which would have different Deletion dates one thing we're looking at is putting a did we do this? I don't know if we did this but putting Um, I'll fiscating the personal data out of comments after I think there at all time was six months so that after six months It's just the name. It's not the IP address um If you'd like us to build that functionality for certain things we can look at that but because it's so granular It's really difficult to provide a one-size-fits-all Situation. Yeah, so it almost becomes This is why risa's talk was so so valuable because He's showing how he put that into one specific plugin for one specific purpose As well as to try to create some sort of universal functionality Yeah, so if there's any specific specific user case you need it for I'd love to hear about it thinking like medical records Like small businesses Yeah, and I know that they're going through their metal filing cabinets after so many years and pulling them out And working all you know, could we not do something for them and you know, it'd be Specific to them so they could put their own time scale on but yeah, and that again That's assuming that all the records that you need to delete live within a WordPress database. Yeah, exactly. Yeah, it's really It's not it's not an easy So what we're doing in the core privacy team is we're encouraging people to come to us with these specific cases Like tell us what we need to build because we're very much working off of A theoretical and very knowledgeable basis, but what we're missing is people say like right if I have x plugin that does x Help me with this. So yeah, please come to us with that one thing I do um when I talked about scrapping the The work that I'd already done. I did actually keep some of it um, and one of the features I did keep was the automatic deletion of the um of the So basically the way in which my plugin works is it stores data in one table that and then moves it to another table Once it's You know once people have compared when it's in the first table I put in I've put in something into my plugin that basically wants every Day, I think it does it deletes data that's older than three months because the chances are they're not going to click on it Yeah, so for something like that I built I kept that Which is just a very very simple function You can write it yourself, but again That's because I know the data I'm working with. Yeah, I know what to do with it. So That's why any other general privacy questions Yes, it's a quick question. Um that bit of code that you kept yeah, would it be possible to Um abstract that so that say I could say Now that I know what data I'm working with the law says I need to keep it for five years and then I can just say all right So like five five years and then it will run once every day to check Oh, how old is this data? Oh, it's five years old now. Then it then just exposes that Yeah, uh, it would be possible. Um To be honest it's It's fairly simple So it's one of those things where it's like if I because it's because it's like it's specifically designed for my plugin It's actually really really kind of it's about four or five lines of code Um, just open the database check check a date record and things like that Um It depends again the thing is so because I know that there's a date record in my table So I know this is this is where to go from um Once people will store data people will store dates in various different formats Some people will store it in the text field some people will store it As a as a proper date time object and things like that. So it would be kind of tricky to kind of Do it, but so this is this is why I kind of say I mean I can put it up and and you can you can see it and and and start from there. That's that's not a problem, but It's it's quite tricky to generalize it because of that off the top of my head But uh, I can certainly show you it and if you if you want to see it Yeah, I was just going to say that you know Because you've already done it it might be a great like Hopefully it's not the correct word, but something that people can look at and be like oh Maybe I should just yeah make sure that I'm storing my dates correctly so that I can check them. Yeah, probably I mean within this is because I mean For my plugin I have to go in When I update when I release this version I actually added the date column because it wasn't there to begin with when it was in one of the tables It wasn't in the other So I actually did that retrospectively kind of um, yeah, I mean store dates as Proper date time objects and that way it's a lot easier to to work with the manipulators Seems a lot of minutes. Can you do a live demonstration of it? I'll have to see No pressure Reese. Okay So so what do you want? So what do you want a live demonstration just just what you was talking about? Are we set for time? Go over 10 minutes. I think All right, here we go Don't normally go around us like this Got david in here at 12 so we do have a wee bit of time. Okay Yeah, I'd rather you actually do a live demo than talk about the background image again Oh god, he's gonna talk about you Hmm Just had a comment about time I'm gonna talk to you then I am and this is all due to me so In my world Data has to be held to the only For the amount of time it's Yes, that's all of our world now. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, probably for that. You know, it's seven years five years But then that's okay, but so things can change if you have to get rid of it after you stop using it I'm not I don't know masking here or it's not so we should get it So so there's there's No throwing out the baby with the bath water is Any data that you are obliged to keep for any other statutory reason does not have to be wiped out That's one of the most commonly that that's the two most commonly misunderstood aspects of the right to be forgotten or number two You have to leave everything and number two. It is a universal right. No, it's the right to oppressed it The right what I always tell people is the right to be forgotten is not the right to fly under the radar So for example, you have to keep seven years of purchasing sales records for tax purposes It's even more. I think in Italy. It's 10 years you so the trick the Challenge for us is have you come up with a means of deleting the information? You don't have to keep which frankly shouldn't be on your database And keep still keep those records unique for other statutory purposes other thing is like if you've got like Um Someone who's abusing the system trying to hack in or whatever you don't have to delete that record So there's no Black and white binary key for delete Be aware of what information and data you have to keep for statutory purposes and then What the ICO would like to see is that you come up with a data retention and deletion schedule for everything you hold How you define how long you keep that data? It's entirely up to you as long as you can document justify it You say we keep all Contact form submissions for a year For x y and z reasons, that's fine as long as you can justify what they're looking for is people who have You know the the proper full case. I always talk about in the conference speaking The the charity that had five years of contact form submissions of people's sensitive medical data on the website database Hacked, you know, there's no reason for any of that those forms to be there for more than six weeks They had five years worth so it's 5 000 confidential medical records leak As long as you can explain and justify why you're doing things They're fine with that But as I advise people make sure it passes the laugh test You know if your explanation would make someone laugh at you you need to go back and revise it nobody should be surprised Nobody should be surprised with that god This is one of the really healthy things that I found in all the gdpr work I've done it's making people go back and say okay. What do we have? Where do we have it? Oh my god? We've got You know Zip drives. We've got paper files. Um, I love this giant purge that's happened in the past six months of like completely useless Paper and terabytes of outdated data that just didn't have to be there I suddenly get why we uh Because I've been working away and I'll just be like it Okay, so very very quickly. So when you log into my plugin, um, you there's a box here called enable gdpr This is all the features that I've kept Um, I've put the privacy policy thing in here, which is basically replicated on the privacy policy Section, so I've got the thing here which way how long do you want to keep the data on your server? Um, so for example the 10 days Now you see here, I've signed up to this email address this email address has probably been It's longer than 10 days ago. So in theory that should well, I won't delete actually Because it needs to run It needs to run once per hour So what will happen will be at some point that will be deleted within the next hour or so As in the code The code is run In this line here, which is an hourly function So this is like a cronjarder runs once an hour and this is the gdpr So if you ever capture gdpr deletion um When you go to it This is the function that kind of runs I'm still i'm still fairly new with uh, so Basically just a function that runs every hour um If the gdpr features are enabled Uh, you get the unit the unit is days weeks months or whatever and the number is the 10 that I put there It then says well, basically if the if we have a unit so it's present and the number is more than zero Uh, we've grabbed the time string Which converts it from So basically we we we get the time of now And we get uh, we convert it into the mysql day form that we should hear Wednesday hours seconds It then runs uh A couple of sql queries, which is basically delete from the 10 member table and register member table where the date is uh less than What the date is um And it just runs those queries and that's all it does That's that that that that that's that's pretty much needs what what I do Because as I said, this is this is built for this purpose or anything like that Um, sorry, is that just a normal WordPress cron job? Yeah, so yeah, I mean Can't be asked when it comes to WordPress cron jobs is that it doesn't necessarily run every hour because Last thing I'll say before I make you wrap up is that we're actually that slide or the page with all the developer tools Yeah, um instructions. We're looking at that this month We're going to give it a fresh look because we haven't really looked at in six months We pushed everything out for gdpr now that we're moving into v2 We're gonna have a look and if there's anything you need as a developer or you need that you want us to put in there Please let us know. Yeah, we're gonna help