Everybody forced here ripping at twenty twenty one Don Russ optic football hobby six box half case number 12 random team style Let me just a sec here. I'll show you the random results Here they are you can always find those a latent sports cards calm. Thanks for joining everybody. Good luck Anybody just gonna join like every single national break. Just grab a ton of spots and every single break Really trying to come break with us Najee Harris Silver circles Chris God went to 125 buck in years Aqua Vikings Kirk Cousins 299 Illegal you're gonna join a break at the national and then come watch it in person and like heckle me if you don't get anything good The legendary logos tree Lance is that seriously the old Niners logo. I've never seen that before I see why they don't use it It's terrible Well, there you go Niners on the insert Free card pack Ronnie Perkins Me person. I can't stand that logo. Whatever it is Red Jimmy G to 99 Niners George Epperson odape.  Well, I just haven't done it As far as like rated rookie goes Tommy tremble my house Patrick Mahomes Mack Jones the rookies insert auto Sick hit patriots 23 of 99 Big Mack. There we go. Get that magged up for you. Chuba Hubbard It's Corey with the pass congrats Corey Chvon Holland orange Jeff Ocuda Lions to 299 or sorry to 1.99 in the orange Got a true green. We got green after the Kyle Trask Jets color match Marcus May 505 nice Green to five Marcus May Stokes, Cervante Williams on the insert Ian Boak rated rookie Saints The rookies to 2 at well Was Rickey. Hello rated rookie Kellen Mond Talon Wallace orange Chase Claypool Steelers Numbered to 299 silver Darius Leonard Colts Yeah, Mike. They're pretty terrible, right? Christian Barmore rated rookie Actually not as bad as some of the other positional ratings in Madden Naji Harris. Hello Marcus May Jets Is that Bradley Chuba Hubbard. Yeah, I think Rich will get the rest for the for the actual national itself listed tomorrow I hope blue jay's are up 25 to 3 What? Yeah That's so terrible How did Daniel Jones get a 70? He's better than a 70? It is Madden. It is a big joke after all Jalen Waddell Anthony Schwartz. It's only 942 I'd imagine. It's only like the sixth or seventh inning too Musukoramoa rated rookie hollow Jacob Harris Rams Ron Dale Moore orange D-Hop for the Cardinals To 1.99 mid-fifth Five runs per inning. That's awesome, dude Peyton Turner blue Asante Samuel jr. To 179 chargers Legendary logos Baker Mayfield That would be that would be comedy. That'd be awesome Kellen Mond. Hello, Tyler Lockett Seattle Not in the mood anymore Another time. I'll probably wait till they're all available at the same time That's the kind of thing I'll watch like three at a time, you know 225 Tyler Lockett silver circle Seahawks like I'll watch like three one day for the next, you know Just knock it all out That way it's like fresh in my mind as I go along Eagles Devontae Smith Aqua Quinn Miners Broncos rated rookie Trevor Lawrence. Yeah, I watched it twice both straight through both times though So good Cesar Jallari Elijah Moore Jets hollow Zadaria Smith Packers With off a OA orange Aaron Rodger Aaron Jones To 1.99 Packers Elijah Molden Ron Dale Moore rated rookie purple to 50 for the Cardinals nice Ron Dale 22 hits in five innings That's kind of insane my house Josh Allen Bills It's even worse that it's 25 runs on 25 hits though. That's so much worse Yami Brown rated rookie, uh, hollow Otto So 125 Washington Justin Fields pink velocity rated rookie Washington jaymond davis to 79 There's no plus side Vaughn no Maybe the plus side is I'll actually Trade some players for some good prospects D.J. Moore to 2.99 Panthers also the plus side is they could still win the series I guess if you want to look at it like that They could still win the series Ain't no aggregate, you know, it just counts as a win or a loss. Yeah, I know Mike Yeah, I've seen a little bit. I haven't watched all of it illegal, but I've seen a good amount Cheba Hubbard This is like miscut a bit got Trask Hollow rated rookie Washington Trey sermon or sorry Niners Trey sermon Stokes Harris Marshall Jr rated rookie blue. That's out of 179 My house Patrick Mahomes chiefs shot Bateman Have you watched it yet illegal Because I saw a little thing about it. I'm like, oh, I might have to check that out Got trumpet Lawrence hollow Kurt Warner Cardinals J.C. Horn red rated rookie Pats Ronnie Perkins out of 99 Sean Wright aqua Kurt Warner Cardinals to 2.99 No, they should take devours out of the game.  Like I know he's a great fielder, but But I'm on the mound Elijah Mitchell Hollow Corey Davis jets He could still field He could field first base as a pitcher better than the Red Sox first baseman currently can anyway Tony and retro series Jerry Rice as a raider Hollow rated rookie auto Vikings Kellen Mond That's out of 125 Kind of gain well rated rookie aqua Brett far for the Packers to 2.99 Let me tremble aqua rated rookie Almond Ross St. Brown Nice St. Brown to 2.99 Darden blue rams Tyler Higby color match to 179 Grants and an Aaron Rodgers or Aaron Jones pink velocity second time I've done that to 79 Evans red hot rookies Kyle Pitts falcons Your rhyme El Tapia guy From Andre Stevenson Hollow for the Browns Odell Beckham jr. Hey Justin Fields insert there Frank Darby DM Brown aqua for Lamar Jackson Ravens to 2.99 Savin Collins Devin McCordy Orange to 2.99 patriots Hollow rated rookie Dolphins Hunter long Pete Werner.  We'll get that magged Greg Newsome shy Smith rated rookie silver circles panthers to 125 That's a nasty color match Yes, it's Patrick global young haiku Falcons Jamon Davis Najee Harris gifted rookies Yeah, Ravens Steelers and like Raiders Black color matches pretty pretty lit Falcons kind of have it too Joseph Ossai Red rated rookie Otto Niners Trey sermon That is to 75 go Niners Davis Mills rated rookie Barrett Tucker Dak Aqua to 199 Cowboys Mack Jones base rated rookie Orange rated rookie for the Chiefs Nick Bolton to 199 Friar Muth and hollow Jerry Judy Broncos Blue for the Broncos von Miller to 199 or 179 Marshall and Chad Johnson bangles red to 99 Michael Parsons. We've got an orange rated rookie Jamar chase boom Congrats bangles 32 of 199 Centering is off top to bottom of that is a sick color match Left to right looks good There we go. We'll get that magged Blue for the Rams Robert Woods to 179 Top of sound good man. I'm doing I'm doing something like that Monday night before I go to the national Go get some good food I feel like I could be in a lot of like Non-nutritional food at the national Quick stuff Elijah Moore hollow Emmett Smith Cowboys Duffet away pink velocity Khalil Herbert rated rookie Bears to 79 Elijah Mulden Aqua Elijah Mulden to 299 rated rookie Titans Boogie Baschum legendary logos chargers Justin Herbert Summer day up with Waffle House. I might on the way to the airport. I might Rated rookie auto red Rams 2-2 at well Out of 75. There you go Rams Justin Fields. We've got an aqua miles Garrett to 299 Browns Sim Ellinger. We've got blue rated rookie Packers Eric Stokes to 179 Ron DeMore Ice Jimmy Garoppolo to 15 Nice ice it is just called ice, right? Yep ice to 15 Turner red chargers Joey Bosa to 99 Hollow or not hollow but retro series Akeman for the Cowboys It's 27 to 30 It's pretty crazy Vaughn Kellan Mond Hollow Steelers TJ Watt Reverend Jordan Justin Fields on the rookie uh or gifted rookies Anthony Schwartz Usukura Moa and Eli Mitchell. Hollow rated rookie Niners Joe Tryon Sriyanka Aqua Kenny Galladay to 299 Giants Christian Barmore rated rookie blue Rashad Bateman to 179 Ravens I guess I'll have to Uber Eats it illegal Rashad Bateman silver circles miles Garrett Browns to 125 Trevor Lawrence base rated rookie white hot rookies trace sermon Niners JC Horn Sean Wright hollow James Winston Saints Jared Patterson orange bears Allen Robinson to 199 Ronnie Perkins Yeah, I'm sure there's like six Waffle House near the Hard Rock Casino in Tampa Talon Wallace Jamar Chase Hollow now Dang bangles great break That magged as well as the orange earlier More Jefferson Aqua rated rookie Jake Funk to 299 Rams Kenneth Gainwell orange rated rookie Chasson rott vikings to 199 Tommy Trembl gifted rookies Rondale Moore Kyle Trask Lyme Green Patriots Devon McCordy to 35 Eric Stokes pink velocity Jonathan Taylor Colts That's out of 79 Ian book got global Josh Palmer Chargers rookie pink velocity rated rookie Otto Lyons Jamar Jefferson Nice one Lyons. That's out of 30 Najee Harris rated rookie Shuba Hubbard Jevon Holland and hollow Jamal Williams Lions I don't have the money to open up Waffle Houses in New Jersey That got to get a loan or something Otto's Jamar Jefferson 2-2 Atwell trace sermon Kellen Mons DME Brown Get a hollow Jamar Chase orange Jamar Chase Black Pandora Rashad Bateman Ravens at 25 and Mack Jones the rookies insert Otto Patriots to 99 That'll do it. Thanks again everybody. We've got more optic coming up


Welcome to the Asian Review. I'm your host, Bill Sharpe. Our show today, Are You Chinese or Taiwanese? And our guest is Dr. Evan Dolly, Disney Scholar Institute of Taiwan History, Academia Seneca in Taipei, Taiwan. Evan, great to see you. I'm really glad you could be with us today. And I know your time at Academia Seneca is getting quite short, so you must be thinking about returning to the US and all that. So thank you very much for making time for us. Thank you very much for inviting me to talk to you, Bill. I really appreciate it and delighted to get the chance to do so. Great, great. Well, your research is really interesting, and this is really the kind of stuff that the Institute of Taiwan History really gets into, identity, Taiwanese identity, and what are all the ramifications of it? I mean, it's really a fascinating topic. You have a lot of concern differentiating between ethnic identity and nationalistic identity. And if I'm interpreting you right, you'll really come down on the side of ethnic identity. So why is that? Why is your focus on ethnic identity? OK, sure. It's going to be a bit of a long answer, as these things often are. But to sort of sum it up, I started with the sense that the general narrative of world history that people propose is this process of nation building, the nation-state as the sort of epitome of modernization in political forms. And the nation-state is this new thing, this new entity that combines people and government and territory in really a single unit that has no real parallel in a pre-modern era. And so the history of modern societies in general are talked about as sort of a progression along the road towards building the nation-state or imagining the nation-state. And that has also really been the way in which Taiwan has been studied. Most of the studies of Taiwanese identity have looked at nationalism and a process of imagining a Taiwanese nation. And I'm not really arguing against any of that. I don't think that those ideas or models are wrong. They certainly have been very powerful identities and structures in the modern world. But I did kind of want to look at alternatives to see if there are non-national identities out there. And as I started to think about the relationship between ethnicity and nationality, I realized that a lot of the scholarship on nationalism looks at ethnicity as this sort of pre-modern or primordial identity, something that's inherited, that is innate to people. But then when I was reading about scholars who look at ethnicity, they actually talk about it as constructed in the modern era through processes of border definition or political manipulation. So thinking of ethnicity as also a modern identity, I began to think about, well, what are the differences between ethnicity and nationality? Because they have a lot of things in common. They're both linked to space, territory. Yeah, it seems to me it's pretty hard to separate them. Right. Yeah, no, it does become very difficult to separate them. And really, the main thing that differentiates the two is this idea of the nation-state. The ultimate goal for national identities are creating an autonomous independent nation. But for ethnic identities, the ultimate goal is primarily the protection of the ethnic group, ensuring the survival of that group. It doesn't necessarily have to be connected to a national identity. It can, in fact, be either linked to or autonomous from a national identity. Great. I should really mention right here, right here in the very beginning of our talk, that our guest today has a book that will be coming out in a year or so. It's called Becoming Taiwanese, Ethnic Identity, and the Border of China and Japan. It's being published by Harvard University Press. And I'm certain it'll be available on Amazon and certainly at Harvard University Press this online and you have to make your order. Interesting. Now, I can say that the title might change slightly as it goes through production. But it will definitely be Becoming Taiwanese. So you can look for that. OK, OK, OK. And of course, there's so many people who study about Taiwan. This is a really hot topic. And for Taiwanese, this is a really hot topic. Because we see this sense of Taiwanese identity deep in and deep in and deep in. Now, what's really interesting to me in reading some of the notes that you sent me about your research is you focus a lot on the city of Jilong. Yes. I think it might be interesting to our listeners and our viewers to tell us why. Why is there this focus for Jilong? Yeah, sure, sure. All right, Jilong, any foreign visitors to Taiwan over the last several decades and many people who are permanent residents in Taiwan, natives of Taiwan, don't necessarily know why I would study Jilong either. Because it's not the most developed, exciting city in Taiwan these days. I recently learned that Jilong currently has the highest rate of unemployment and drug use of all of Taiwan's cities. So it's a bit of an economically depressed place now. But that wasn't the case in the first half of the 20th century, which is the period that I primarily focus on. During that period of time, Jilong was actually one of Taiwan's most important cities. It was the third or fourth largest. It was the focus of a lot of developmental projects, really actually going back to the late Qing and then the Japanese period and the nationalist period after. All those governments really focused on developing Jilong as a harbor so that they could then develop and modernize Taiwan as a whole. So Jilong once upon a time was really a significant place. And the processes that went on in Jilong were really both somewhat typical to Taiwan's other cities in this era, but also Jilong was really in the forefront, I think, in a lot of ways. Now at this particular time, and I think you cite the period 1880s, the 1880s and 1950s. Did I understand you right? Jilong is more important than Gaosheng because Gaosheng is usually, in today's world, is usually pointed to as Taiwan's number one port. Yeah, sure. The bedrock of heavy industry, shipbuilding, iron, steel, all that stuff. But in this time, in your time period, that you're concerned with, Jilong ups? Yeah, absolutely. Jilong was the focus for import and export under the Japanese. And then early after 1945, really until 1955 or so, Jilong had the largest volume of trade for Taiwan. Gaosheng sort of surpassed it for exports in the war years, in the late 30s, early 40s. But then Gaosheng was so heavily damaged by the Allied bombing campaign during the late stages of the war that Jilong again sort of resurfaced in the post-war period as the primary port of entry and exit for Taiwan's trade. You know another thing that just kind of jumps into my mind. From a military point of view, Gaosheng has always been very important to the Japanese, to the nationalists, to today's government.  Gaosheng pretty much always had the advantage there. I mean, not in the very first decades, maybe the first 15 or 20 years of Japanese rule, Jilong was also the focus for military establishment. But because the Japanese focus was on expansion southward from really the 19 teens onwards, that's when Gaosheng became more important as a military installation. And then, as I said, eventually as an export for products heading towards Southeast Asia. And some of the notes you sent me, you talked about the process of identity construction. And there was one point that you mentioned elites and individuals and elites or leaders, leaders of any society helped to form the identity of that society. But one point that really sort of grabbed my attention was where you talked about state-sponsored religion. And I thought, well, I think he means doing Japanese colonialism the role, the importance of fixed to Shinto. Yeah, yeah. And you can still see some Shinto shrines around Taiwan kind of left over from the old days. Yeah, right. Many of them have been repurposed as National Martyr Shrines under the current, well, after 1945. Right. Okay, and okay, besides that, besides the use of Shinto and molding colonial identity by the Japanese, how did like the nationalists, when they first came to Taiwan, how did they use religion to mold an identity that was acceptable to the nationalists? Yeah, well, that's a really great question because religion is really at the heart of identity formation. It's really one of the most important features, if you will, of the way in which Taiwanese became Taiwanese. And if I can step back to give a little bit of background before I get directly to your question, this also relates to the title of the talk today is are you Chinese or Taiwanese? Because the religion or the aspects of religion that became sort of the core of a Taiwanese identity were temples and deities and festivals that came out of the Chinese religious tradition, right? They were brought to Taiwan by settlers during the Qing period and became important parts of their lives during the Qing period. And then during the Japanese period, those were really the institutions and the practices that people rallied around the most to differentiate themselves from the Japanese. Those the Japanese were trying to impose Shinto and also Japanese settlers were trying to institutionalize Japanese Buddhist sects. The people who became Taiwanese really held on to what had been parts of the Chinese religious tradition to define themselves as not Japanese and also as Taiwanese. And then after 1945, the nationalist government, when it arrived, it sort of looked at the religious practices that the people in Taiwan were engaged in and kind of viewed those as superstitious and backwards and unhygienic. These were the sorts of practices that actually the nationalists had been fighting against in the mainland during the 1930s through their new life movement or their new life campaign. So when they arrived in Taiwan, finally, sorry for that long background there, they tried to modify local religious practice, shall we say. They tried to encourage people to practice Buddhism, follow Confucian ideals more closely and also maybe to adopt or to convert to Christianity because that was seen as a modern rational religion instead of an old superstitious religion. Let's try to be a little specific here. Catholicism, Protestantism. I don't suppose the nationalists would have been too big on Presbyterianism because that was sort of the religious bedrock of the Taiwanese liberation movement. So I don't think they would be too interested in that other than to maybe besmirch it. But how about like Methodist Episcopalian? So, right, so the Presbyterians, of course, have had a long established tradition in Taiwan going back to the 19th century. And as you say, it became a key location for the Taiwanese independence movement to develop in Taiwan during the 60s and 70s, even a little earlier. But the nationalists in this case were sort of hamstrung by their own policy, right? Their national policy was for freedom of religion. So they couldn't crack down on the Presbyterian church. They could, however, encourage people to maybe Methodist, I think was seen as a good one to go into. It's not that the nationalists really promoted Christianity the same way. Let me jump in here. I'm being told that we need to take a break, okay? So we'll take a one minute break and we'll be right back and we will continue this conversation exactly from the point where we're leaving off here. Absolutely, thank you. You're watching Asia in Review. I'm your host Bill Sharp. Our show today is Are You Chinese? Are You Taiwanese? Our guest is Dr. Evan Dolly, visiting scholar at the Institute of Taiwan History at Academia Seneca in Taiwan. And we'll be right back, so don't go away. I'm going to the game and it's gonna be great. Early arrive and for a little tailgate. I usually drink but won't be drinking today because I'm the designated driver and that's okay. It's nice to be the guy that keeps his friends in line, keeps them from drinking too much so we can have a great time. A little responsibility can go a long way because it's all about having fun on game day. I'm the guy you want to be. I'm the guy saving money. I'm the guy with the H2O and I'm the guy that says, let's go. It's from The Foundation for a Better Life. Welcome back to Asia in Review. I'm your host Bill Sharp. Our show today, Are You Chinese or Taiwanese? And our guest is Dr. Evan Dolly. He is a visiting scholar at the Institute of Taiwan History at Academia Seneca in Taiwan. Back here in the US, he's an assistant professor at Delta College. And just before the break, we were talking about how the nationalist government, when it first came to Taiwan in 1949, how it's sought to use religion to mold an identity amongst the Taiwanese population that was, shall we say, politically acceptable to them. And it looks like we're sort of gotten to the point where we thought they were putting a lot of emphasis on the use of Methodism. Am I saying that right? Wayley, it's easier to say Chinese. Isn't he out? And so I think we'll pick it up from there. Okay, sure, sure. So I was beginning to get into our saying. Because that was the religious bedrock of the Taiwanese independence movement, which they were adamantly averse to. Right, right, right. A different branch of the Protestant tradition was the bedrock of the independence movement. Whereas the Jiang family themselves were Methodists, had been for, well, I guess Jiang Kai-shek had converted for his wife. And that sort of became the family practices of war. But they couldn't, again, because the Constitution guaranteed freedom of religion, they couldn't really overtly push people into particular churches or particular branches of Christianity, Protestants, Catholic, whichever. But what they could do was encourage the formation of Christian organizations that were nominally private, but also could get closely linked to the state. They did the same with Buddhist organizations that would have state support. And then they could use, and then through that state support, they could sort of encourage the growth of particular types of belief, perhaps. And again, direct the popular religion away from the focus on worship of a range of deities and sacrifices at their festivals and other sorts of things that were seen as superstitious. This is a very interesting point. And the communists, the CCP, did the same thing on the mainland. They were very, very adverse to these superstitious beliefs and just wanted to get rid of those. Yeah, yeah, yeah. It's really amazing. I'm not sure that the KMT and the CCP agreed on much, but on this point, they did seem to agree. They certainly had a lot of similarities, except for two things happen. One, I think the nationalists were not quite as, they definitely were not quite as zealous as the communists on the mainland were. And then two, in the 1960s and 70s, there was an interesting switch or an interesting shift. As sort of a response, a reaction against China's cultural revolution, the nationalists began to promote Taiwan as sort of the bastion of Chinese culture. And one of the ways in which they did that was by allowing a lot of the popular temples to begin to flourish again. So it's in the 70s and 80s that a lot of the temples that are really one of the defining characteristics of Taiwan today, right? All these popular deities, Madzu, Guandhi, there's a huge list and I can't even begin to do it justice. But temples to those gods really began to flourish in the 70s and 80s as part of this effort to portray Taiwan as the real China. So some of the restrictions that the nationalists had placed on those practices in the 50s and 60s began to be lifted. And this is why still today in Taiwan, you see elaborate Madzu festivals and people go and light incense at temples to deities all the time. Well, let me ask you this. Now, this is a subject that just really fascinates me. What's the difference between Chinese and Taiwanese? In other words, where does Chinese culture stop and where does Taiwanese culture take over? Yeah. Any particular characteristics that you can attribute to each? That is a particularly difficult question because as I said before, so much of what has become or what the Taiwanese have used to identify themselves originally came from Fujian and Guangdong provinces, from the Southeastern coast of Taiwan. Languages as well, right? Taiwanese primarily based upon Min An Hua or the Fujianese language spoken in parts of Fujian. So finding the exact divide between Taiwanese culture and Chinese culture is difficult, maybe even impossible, but that doesn't mean that they share the same identity if that makes sense. Well, now that you've ordered up, go with that a little bit further. Then I have a follow-up question to ask you. Yeah, absolutely. So this is where a definition of ethnicity that is seen as historically constructed and contingent on particular circumstances becomes important because as the Taiwanese use these religious features to define themselves first against the Japanese and then against the nationalists, they began to identify those features particularly with the island of Taiwan. Even if there might have been similar practices still going on in China and even if to this day some temples in Taiwan make pilgrimages to temples off the coast of Fujian, they still see those deities as rooted in some ways in Taiwan and their temples certainly is rooted in local settings. So that's sort of how these religious features became localized to Taiwan and associated with the Taiwanese identity as the state from a Chinese identity. You know, I sometimes think, I think of America's experience. America was 13 British colonies and the culture sort of high culture was all British culture, right? And then America became independent and there began to be the evolution of American literature and American ideas and American values and an American identity. And I sort of see Taiwan on the same light. I mean, Taiwanese identity was suppressed for so long by the nationalists. You know, school books were all about China and some obscure river in China where people didn't know about major rivers in Taiwan. I mean, it's kind of ridiculous in a way. And then you see this kind of like identity begin to bubble up. And then the other thing that kind of occurs to me maybe it's because I lived in Japan for about eight years but I see a lot of Japanese influence in Taiwan. And in the culture, especially in Taiwanese people. A lot of the day-to-day cultural life, I think, of Taiwan is influenced by the Japanese experience. And certainly, even when you look at the government, the electoral system of Taiwan is a Japanese import, basically. And a lot of the ways in which the government is structured is sort of very similar to the structure of South Korea. I mean, both were Japanese colonies and a lot of the structure was left over and built on by a South Korean government or a Republic of China government. Yeah, sure, sure. So I don't know. I often sort of bounce back and forth between these two ideas. Well, what's Chinese, what's Japanese? And how are Taiwanese different? I mean, this is kind of an interesting question. Now, I had this experience in Taiwan last year. Everywhere I went, you know, asked people, are you Chinese or Taiwanese? Let me see what this is. You know, I did my own kind of polling. And so many people would say Taiwanese, Taiwanese definitely. And it was sort of like, I got the sense that it is a world in Taiwan. It's politically correct to say you're Taiwanese, even if you might consider yourself Chinese. And some people, they were sort of hem and haw. Well, I'm sort of Taiwanese, but my mother came from China. So I'm kind of back and forth, you know. I don't know if you had a similar experience. I don't even know if that's a solid observation. Let me see a couple of thoughts on sort of the comparisons to Japan and this questions of Chinese or Taiwanese. So first, there's definitely, I think, still a strong awareness of cultural connections with China. That was certainly the case in the period where I studied and I think that that has still continued in some ways, perhaps in some cases, also family connections. But Chinese identity has become so strongly national identity. And that's one that the people in Taiwan are not really a part of, right? So that, and that became apparent actually in 1945. Say that again, cause I wanna make sure I got that right. I think I missed part of that. Sorry. Okay, Chinese identity, if I heard you right, has become so much, how should I say, nationalistically tinted. Yes, yes. Okay, and we're talking about mainland China here, right? Yeah, and also about the nationalists when they arrived in 45, right? Their Chinese consciousness, their Chinese identity was very much a national identity. Okay. No, are you saying that still exists today? Oh, sorry. Does that still exist today? Does that phenomenon still exist today? There's probably a small segment of people who sold all of onto that. But it's a, surveys at least suggests it's a very small minority of people who still see themselves as linked to a Chinese nation state in Taiwan. Okay. And partly that has to do with the experience of Japanese rule. I mean, those 50 years, maybe not so much for the remnants of Japanese culture that were left in Taiwan, but for the experience of being within a different political context, national context that is the Japanese Empire, that separation sort of forced people who became Taiwanese to deal with a different context, if you will, and to develop their identities along paths that were different than the paths that the Chinese were developing their identities on. I agree with you. I agree with you quite wholeheartedly. And my personal view is we never discussed this in Taiwan a bit. I think any kind of unification between Taiwan and China is pretty difficult because both societies have evolved in totally different ways. Yeah, they really have. They really have. And that has been apparent to pretty much anyone I've spoken with who has been both on the mainland and here. They see immediately differences in just the way people interact with each other and maybe sort of the pace of life around each other. Yeah. I don't know, this might seem a little bit harsh to say, but hey, we're seeking truth, so here we go. Being in Taiwan last year, I thought I could after a while tell the difference between a Chinese person and a Taiwanese person. And the giveaway was the Chinese person was far more aggressive. Yeah, that's sort of the, I've heard a lot of people say that as well. That's sort of one of the signs to look for, waiting in lines or not waiting in lines, things like that. Okay. Well, I'm getting the signal here that we're down to our last minute. Oh dear. Is there any, that's the trouble with the show, the time goes so fast. Yeah, there's so many interesting avenues to take. Everything you want to get in here in our last 45 seconds? Well, let's see. One final thought. So let me talk a little bit about the memory of the past. So this past that I've been searching. Remember we only got 30 seconds now. What, sorry? I'm sorry, but we've only got 30 seconds. I hate to do that to you, but that's the problem. So the memory, the way in which the past that I've studied has been remembered is largely through rose tinted glasses, right? People often look back on the Japanese era in particular as a better time, but that is entirely a post-45 reimagining of the Japanese period. So I want to sort of stress that really what happened was Japanese colonization followed by Chinese recolonization caused people to view the Japanese period in a different way than they had viewed it when they were in the middle of it. So if that could be my final point, that's where I'll leave off. Great. Well, just a reminder. I guess today has a book coming out. It's going to be a little while, but keep it in mind. The page by 19. Becoming Taiwanese ethnic identity at the border of China and Japan. I want to thank our guests for joining us today from via Skype, from Taipuan. And I want to thank you for viewing. Next week, we'll see you again. My guest then will be US Navy captain, retired Carl Schuster, who teaches at Hawaii Pacific University. And it's also a defense analyst. We'll see you then. Thank you very much, Bill. I appreciate the opportunity. You're welcome.


Site management is about the coordination of services in a camp or in something that looks like a camp. So working with all of the other agencies who are providing services, whether that's providing water, whether that's providing education and healthcare, trying to coordinate with them to make sure that the service provided in one part of the camp is the same as the other parts of the camp and that it's a good level and it's meeting the needs of the people. It's also about working with the residents of the sites themselves, trying to build up their participation so that they can have more control over their lives whilst they are living in the camp. In the days of influx, we set up an area for them to come and we support the refugee population to come to this area and receive services in one location so that they receive some emergency food, some NFI, non-food items and they also get registered for services which will help them later in the site. And then we're helping with crowd control, giving information to the people on what is happening today, what services are in the site in Balukali and also supporting them to move to the areas where they will be setting up their homes. The big challenge here is the scale of the numbers that we are dealing with and also the fact that we have been playing catch-up. So people arrived when there wasn't sufficient humanitarian assistance available, things were not ready so we've definitely been trying to catch up on the people who already arrived as well as trying to support in a more appropriate way the people who are coming.


The best teams know how to work together. Whether it be on the playing field, on the battlefield, or delivering to the joint warfighter on time, on target, in the field.


Hello everyone, I'm Jordan Ding from Tencent Security Charm Lab and today I'm going to talk about Windows security medications. So um in uh in recent years um uh Microsoft Windows has already released uh five re- five major releases and each one of them uh Microsoft has decided to put some new security features in the release. And in 2017 uh they they decided to put many of the security features under uh Windows Defender brand. And uh some of the uh some of the names are code integrity guard, exploit guard, arbitrary code guard and application guard. So today we all go through these security features. Um Microsoft Edge has become the new default browser on Windows 10. It is also the most targeted browser in recent Pantone competitions. In fact it has already surpassed its famous predecessor, Internet Explorer. So normally a attacker compromise a browser by first scanning code execution in a renderer process. That's the process that parses the web page and executes JavaScript code etc. And then the attacker needs to exit uh to use another vulnerability to escape from the renderer sandbox. This will get the attacker's normal user privilege on the target system. Uh in order to do some real harm, the attacker can optionally use another bug to uh escalate to kernel or system privilege and that will gain a attacker full compromise of the target system. The first one I'm going to talk about is code integrity guard. So after compromise the process uh attacker can uh after compromise the process use uh piece of shield code, attacker can uh load a deal into the compromised process or it can uh create a evil process to execute a larger amount of code. Because this way it's easier to write than shield code. So Windows 10 threshold 2 introduced two mitigation policies to prevent these from happening. Uh the first one I'm going to talk about is child process policy. Uh when the child process policy is enabled for a certain process, it prevents the process from uh it prevents process from creating a sub-process um uh as the child process of this process. So how does it work? Well actually um at that time Windows did not have a uniform way of recording mitigation policies for a certain process. So this particular policy is recorded in the token flag field of the kernel uh token kernel object. So when the process is created uh it first needs to derive its token from its parent process. Uh that is done in the security subsystem or SE in the NTOS kernel. And the security substance check checks the token flag field to see if there's a child process restricted bit in that token flag field. And it found it denies the process creation. And also there's uh a tagger can also choose to load a deal into a compromised process. So the process signature policy uh is checked during pro uh during a section creation. Uh whenever a deal is loaded into a process it first needs to create an image section into that process. So before the section is created uh the memory subsystem or mm uh calls the calls the code integrity subsystem or CI to check if the executable deal backing this backing this section is has a digital signature or is digitally signed. Uh if not it prevents the section from create created. So there's three levels for process signature policy. The first one is Microsoft signed online. Uh this is the most restrictive one as it only allows uh loading of certain Microsoft core system files. The second one is store signed online. The store signed online allows loading additional files from Windows Store. All the universal Windows apps has this uh level of uh protection enabled so they cannot load on sign deals by default. And the last one is mitigation opt-in. This not only allow load Microsoft or store files but also WHQL files which is normally part of a device driver package. So CIG has some limitations. Um attackers can choose to implement their own loader such as uh a loader that maps the deal file into uh a block of execute memory. Since it's only an executable memory and not an amateur section it cannot trigger the uh code integrity policy. So it's little bit harder but still trivial to bypass. Next thing I'm going to talk about is Windows Defender exploit guard. Um Windows Defender exploit guard uh is used to protect memory vulnerabilities. The memory vulnerabilities are the most common way to remotely compromise an application such as a web browser. Uh we do have DP or ASLR on uh more than operating systems but this is not enough. DP SLR has too many bypasses. Um so we do need, what we do need is a built-in protection at the system level. The EMET or enhanced mitigation experience toolkit uh by Microsoft is quite powerful but it's not pre-installed. The exploit guard is basically a system level re-implemented EMET. It is internally called payload restrictions uh because it restricts attackers ability to deliver a malicious payload after uh attacker against uh control outward execution flow. So uh exploit guard can um be enabled both dynamically or statically. For dynamic enablement the source process uh the process that starts the uh starts the exploit guard process uh pass a payload restriction policy structure to the uh NTS kernel. For the static enablement there's uh uh image file execution options. Uh actually Microsoft has introduced a new feature for IFEO called IFEO filter. Uh traditionally IFEO can only set options by the image base name. Now uh by using IFEO filter uh we can specify a for pass for the for the uh executable to be to be filtered to be enabled uh certain mitigation policies. So exploit guard is enabled via uh via our undocumented feature undocumented feature called uh verifier hook. The verifier hook starts at the earliest time possible in NTDL. NTDL calls the verifier hook and loads the payload restrictions deal from the system 32 directory. Uh although the exploit guard is completely implemented in the user mode, there are also kernel facilities to help uh implement the exploit guard. This uh this structure is uh on sign loan 32 bit. Uh it records all the features that exploit guard has and NTDL before the process initialization will read this read the information from the structure and pass it on to the payload restrictions deal. So the exploit guard also registered for deal notification. This is another undocumented feature in NTDL. Uh after this uh notification is registered uh whenever a deal loaded into or unloaded from the process, the NTDL first calls the uh notification callback. So by uh by registering this notification, uh exploit guard can patch the newly loaded deal uh into into the process. Exploit guard uh like EMET also use uh user mode hook to implement its features. Uh in this in all these hooks it checks for potentially illegal operations. But exploit guard also comes with its own limitations just like EMET. Uh its user mode hook can be bypassed of course. And it definitely increase the difficulty of code execution but it's really not preventing it because already already the attacker already get the uh get control over the execution flow. Next thing I'm going to talk about is called arbitrary code guard. Arbitrary code guard is introduced in Windows 10 Redstone 2. Uh today most exploits needs to either allocate or modify executable memory by uh by limiting that behavior. Exploit guard uh uh arbitrary code guard actually breaks most of exploits available uh in the wild. So uh uh arbitrary code guard limits uh three kinds of behavior. First is creating executable memory. And second is modifying executable memory. And third is uh uh mapping a writeable or uh and executable section. So there are four policies for dynamic code policy. This is called prohibited dynamic code, allows red opt out, allow remote downgrade and audit prohibited dynamic code. The first one turns on the arbitrary code guard. And the second one allows uh dynamic disable of the arbitrary code guard on a per threat basis. And third one allows uh disable of arbitrary code guard from another process. And first one is enabling the arbitrary code guard in a log only mode. This is quite useful when you are developing an application that uses the arbitrary code guard. So this uh this policy is actually checked in three uh in three uh three different API calls. Uh the first one is mapping a view of section. This mapping uh executable section. Second is allocating a executable memory. And third is changing the protection of the existing memory blocks. Uh all these are going to MI arbitrary code block function. And this function actually checks for the preprocess ACG switch. And also the prepros uh pro threat uh ACG disable switch. If uh if the process is opt into the ACG and the threat is not opt out of the ACG. Well this action is blocked by the ACG. So for by enabling the ACG the most uh no most most important problem is how do we deal with the legitimate applications that actually use dynamic code generation. Uh the most obvious example being the web browsers. Web browser has JavaScript engines. JavaScript engine nowadays always use just in time compiler to generate native code for JavaScript. And this we all need to allocate executable memory in the renderer process. And this will of course be this uh this will of course be blocked by the ACG. So to solve that problem the Microsoft Edge has choose to re-architect this JavaScript engine to move the jet part out of the process. So it turns out ACG only checks the source process not the target. Which means that if you are ACG process you cannot allocate executable memory in the normal process but if you are normal process you can allocate uh executable memory in ACG process. So by sending the JavaScript code to a JIT server and the JIT server compiles the JavaScript code and send back through uh send back through writing and executable memory in the renderer process. This way uh we implemented an out of process jet compilation. So ACG has its own set of limitations. First it increased design complexity dramatically because it requires out of process compilation for any dynamic code. Also attackers can also generate limited native code via out of process jet. Because uh uh because the the JIT server cannot distinguish between legitimate or illegal request for the jet code compilation. Also not uh also not all GPU drivers are compatible with ACG. Uh Windows 10 uses a blacklist to detect any incompatibility and if detected it uses uh allows red opt out switch to disable the ACG. Also ACG does not protect against return-oriented programming or ROP. So ROP does not generate any new code or or modifying any existing code. So it does not trigger any ACG policies. And yet another layer of protection is is introduced in Windows 10 RS3 is called Windows Defender Application Guard. So the application guard is basically a virtual machine running on the local computer, running only only Microsoft Edge inside the virtual machine. So powered by the Hyper-V virtualization technology. It is not enabled by default and can be enabled via group policy. So when a user opens the web page in application guard it automatically renders the web page in a virtual machine. So like like any other virtual machines uh application guard shares the same hardware with the host operating system. But it does have its own operating system kernel uh services and applications. So by enabling ACG we see several process popped up on the host operating system. Uh there is Hyper-V service, VM compute, and also the uh Hyper-V manager process. So the Hyper-V service actually create a unique identifier for the new container. And the VM compute process uh actually starts the container for a for the for the application guard. And finally after the container is started uh uh after the container is started it uses remote desktop protocol to connect to the local computer. So there's the RDP client running on local computer. It's called actually a local desktop protocol if you will. So this this RDP client relates all the UI clipboard and printer through the RDP protocol. And this is sandbox by default with all the mitigation enabled. And also um this is a simplified overview of the application guard. On the left hand side, on the left hand side is the is the host OS and on the right hand side the child partition is the guest OS. These two operating systems can only communicate via VM bus. It's a communication mechanism implemented via shared memory. So there's a set of VSCs or virtual service clients that relates all the uh device request file operations to the VSPs on the host operating system. Also there's a DNS client that actively detects if it's running application guard. If so it redirects its uh DNS request to the host uh WDAG proxy. So there's a virtual hard disk for the for the for the virtual machine. The first one the system template base is a virtual disk for the container OS image. This is generated from the system files of the host OS. Um and for the file rights operations in the virtual machine is use another virtual disk called sandbox virtual disk. This capture all the right operations and it it is discarded after each run of the virtual machine. The storage virtual service provider handles all the container storage access. So you see the sandbox virtual disk is mounted on C and there's another persistent disk another two persistent disk uh for storing logs and user files. So when you run trying to run anything apart from Microsoft Edge in the container it gives you this message. It says this app cannot be run in Windows Defender application guard. Please contact your administrator for help. Well I am the administrator right. So how can I get around this? Actually uh it uses another guard called device guard to implement this to to restrict certain application from running in the container. This device guard is uses a undocumented binary format for its for its roles. This is converted from the XML format and comes preloaded with the virtual machine. After a bit of reverse engineering we were able to recover its file format and it has a fixed lens header and also uh multiple blocks of variable lens data. It has many information stored uh the signers, signing scenarios and uh EKUs and secure board settings. But the most important part is the file roles. The file roles uh allows the allows the device guard to deny certain applications from running by checking its file name or version information or signatures. So how do we run our own tools in the application guard? Well remember we say it's a binary file. It turns out if you remove the file physically from the container image and the device guard policy will be disabled. So the most simple way to do this is to get the open source WIM lib tool. It's a editor for the Windows imaging format. So use the use the WIM delete command to remove the policy file from the Windows defender application guard uh image and restart the application guard. Then use the common dialog to open the explore explorer window in the application guard. Then you can run anything inside it. So what's actually inside the virtual machine? Well actually it's a pure Windows 10 professional edition. It has certain virtual machine agents running inside for process operations. Um this virtual machine has a random password set by the HyperV service. It is used for remote desktop connections. Uh uh things like clipboard printers uh is not enabled by default but can be configured via a group policy. So there's two virtual machine agents running inside. First one is called HyperV guest compute service. This uh this service is uh is the service to communicate with the host via the HyperV socket. It controls the container state and modify container settings. And also it redirects the standard output and input for uh uh for any application to the HyperV socket. The second is called container execution agent or EXEC service. It's a RPC server uh running inside the virtual machine for creating users and shutdown systems. But actually there's no process for Microsoft Edge controller. Actually there's no need for controlling Microsoft Edge. The user is directly controlling it from outside the virtual machine through the remote desktop protocol. So in conclusion Windows is more secure with many more newly added medications. But these medications are not server bullets. Attackers and always find ways around them. Virtualization as additional layer of protection can significantly re-increase the difficulty of exploitation but at the cost of performance actually the runtime performance penalty is too high for everyday use. Uh that will be all for today. Thank you.