And Elder God put a little thing. Elder God says, I think this is from Cold Comfort, we make real ice cream with real ingredients, organic BC cream and fresh eggs from happy island hens, fair trade sugar and chocolate, fresh fruit and seasonal flowers and herbs, plant-based coconut milk concoctions, all created with intention in Victoria BC by our much appreciated team of do-gooders and food nerds. We are committed equally to quality and equality. We aim to spread happiness through deliciousness and by giving back to our community, and they pay a living wage to their employees. How many companies do that? And the Canadian government attacks them. Canadian government attacks all the Canadian citizens who don't bend the knee, right? Tyrants, why do you think they give two standing role patients to NAZ as the Doran calls them and the Canadian Parliament, every single member, right? But hey, we're here to harvest cannabis, right? Temporary PCF, afterlives and CPC. Synthberry, that's a beautiful plant you got there in your living room. Yeah, thank you. There's four of them. Could I find that in the garden section at Walmart? In Canada, you should be able to buy it, but they don't provide it. By the way, in Canada, from one understand, you can now buy cuttings. I think it's been last year or the year before they introduced it. I didn't know this, right? I didn't realize this. Real fringe. Thank Tommy for replying. If we all stopped paying extortion to the cockroaches, what would happen? Indeed, good question, right? Nagushka salutations on Twitch. Yeah, I went to the website, click the about us tab, scroll down to environmental reasonability. They're all for the carbon reducing WF stuff. Well, look into them. I'm not saying everything about them is good. Really, right? However, they have the right to do business the way they want to do and they're sourcing locally. That's important. If they want to reduce the stuff, I don't know if they're full friends with WF or anything like this. I haven't dug down that deep. All I know is a local company that's making local organic food, sourcing it from local products is being attacked by centralized power, right?   World Economic Forum are. There's a lot of people that got duped into believing this carbon agenda. Now that and those people are being attacked now, they're waking up and going, Hey, wait a second, what's going on here? How come inflation's through the roof?  How come I can't buy my toothpaste anymore? How come orange juice is 300 times more expensive than it was two years ago? How come the government is attacking me and my company? A lot of people are waking up, a lot of people are waking up. Give them room to wake up. Give them room to wake up. If they still continue to push it after it's been revealed what's going on, then we can deal with them accordingly, right? Wheezy K quote, in order to continue selling our dairy and ice cream wholesale to retail grocery stores, we are required to stop using our recipe and start purchasing pre-made ice cream base mix in plastic bags from a licensed dairy plant. Yeah. All right. Crazy. Looks good, but it's $10 per ice cream sandwich. Ouch. Yeah. Controllers then two years ago, those ice cream sandwiches I showed you were 650. Now they're $9 to $10 inflation. Like people really don't appreciate the cost of living in Canada right now. It's through the F and roof. And a lot of people that used to think this, that whole WF thing was a good idea. Now they're going, wait a second, I can't pay my bills. I'm about to get kicked out of my house. I have to shut down my business. Now they're waking up. Okay. Yeah. Wheezy. Wheezy is saying $10 ice cream is insane. 100% is crazy, but that is the cost of living in Canada right now. Okay. And it's going to go up. Here, I can tell you what I've done the last two years. For me, my fees to teach people, I've increased my fees by 50%. The ice cream that I just showed you, there were 650 a pop. Now they're $9 to $10. That's more than 50% increase in cost of buying ice cream. Yogurt I buy, it's gone up more than 50%. Honey in the last three, four years has gone up a hundred percent. Right. That's what it is. Right. Busy Freeman. Zelinsky's wife didn't like it. I think she clapped through. And gang, do not forget, do not forget. Free Assange, free Assange, free Assange, Julian Assange, publisher and journalist that has been crucified for trying to bring transparency and accountability of capitalist power to humanity, something that we desperately need in our societies. For more information, see wikileaks.org, defend.wikileaks.org, where countless resources available online.


Hey, what's up, folks? Welcome back to another 3D Hangouts. My name is Noel Ruiz. I'm a designer here at Adafruit. Join me every week. This is my brother Pedro. Good morning, everybody. I'm Pedro. I was creative tech here at Adafruit. And every week, we're here to share three different projects, featuring electronics from Adafruit. That's right. This is the show we combine 3D printing and DIY electronics to make inspirational projects. Hello, everybody hanging out in the Discord chat room. We'll take a couple of moments to let everybody get into the live stream here. We're streaming on all the networks. Everything looks good. We have checkmarks across the board, Facebook, LinkedIn, YouTube, Twitch, and X. I think that's what it's called. You know how the X is pronounced? Yeah. It's now an itter. Yeah. Instead of like periscope, we'll call it Xscope. Anyway, we are hanging out in the Discord server. Adafruit has its own Discord server. The URL for that is discord.gg. Slash Adafruit. Welcome, everybody. So far, we have DuesterSquid.JPGRosen hanging out in the Discord chat. I've also got a wider chat view here. I think it's coming up from Facebook and Periscope and LinkedIn. Good morning, Jonathan Simmons. Hello. I think it's LinkedIn. Yeah. Good. Yanni Skoo is in the house as well saying Sabers. Yes, Saber Sabers. All the Sabers this week. Mick Carter. Good morning. Hello. I'm going to have to do a lot of muting. I am still recovering from COVID for doing a bunch of the lightsaber shots. Definitely worth for the most cool hero shots. Allegedly got it, perhaps. I saw that guy coughing right in our direction in the marketplace onto that robot doing his little turn. You traveled all the way to Black Spires post at the far edge of the galaxy. Pedro traveled to get these shots. I might as well be on camera. You brought back the space variant. It's reached far and wide across the galaxy. I'm sort of feeling better now. I'm glad you're feeling better. I was feeling it on Monday, like in the afternoon. Yeah. So after the show, what's up? I am going to take orange juice or whatever it is you want to take. Just water. Just water. Very well. All right. Well, let's go pay some bills. Today's coupon code is Jedi Sith. Whether you want to be a Jedi or a Sith or we're going to need a lightsaber and you're going to want a coupon code to get 10% off your order from anything in the Aderford shop. That's a physical good. And then after that, be sure to check out Aderford.com for all the details that are going on. Two items right now as we work to get more supplies in. If your order is $149 or more, you're going to get a free Aderford KB2040 keyboard driver. That's that lovely RP2040 board. Great for keyboard projects. And if your order is $299 or more, you'll get the KB2040 plus a circuit playground express. We are still working with our shipping team and trying to make sure we can get everything back to offer other freebies like the ground shipping from UPS. But we're still working on getting everything back to normal. But that's what the deals are. These get automatically added to your cart. No coupons necessary for that one. But you can still add your coupon. That's pretty much it for the intro. Nice simple but simple. So this week, we have the lightsaber project. I'm going to go ahead and jump into the learn guide. Just have it loaded there. So if you go to learn.aderford.com, you'll see the lightsaber prop maker RP2040 is now out and released. We had a lot of fun remaking this project with the new prop maker feather. It's our favorite board right now for making props because it is fully engineered. Pleasurable to assemble. While making the guide, I had to take it apart a dozen times. And I was able to do so without any desoldering, which was amazing. Normally you have to solder everything to a pen, but not for this one. You do have to do a little bit of soldering, of course, for the strips and the switch. But everything else, screw block terminals, very nice to have. Let's take a look at, I guess, the saber itself. We were asked to send these STL files off to JLCPCB and they offer a lovely 3D printing service. So these were printed in black resin on an SLA 3D printer. So this is black resin. And they has the sanding option. And both we got two copies. Peter has his copy of my copy. They were both under $50 with shipping for two of these. And that's the hilts, the pommel, the PCB holder, the battery holder, even the blade holder. The blade holder, unfortunately, had a little update because it was too loose to hold the blade because it needs to be a super tight press fit. But we went ahead and updated the CAD. There you go. Peter has it there. It's this translucent SLA resin. And it's better for the blade itself. So that you can actually see it through the emitter here. I just used white PLA to get the color to diffuse through there. But man, these resin prints are amazing. They have a really nice smooth texture to them because they are indeed sanded. You can choose to have them sanded or not, which is really cool. And I think they also offer some different colors.  It's more of a gunmetal gray, but close enough. Yeah, it's more like a gunmetal gray. And it feels like a ceramic or something. It does feel like a porcelain ceramic kind of coffee mug style. But it's got this matte finish. It feels a lot better in the hands, I think, which is nice. So one of the things we wanted to do with the update to the lightsaber was to get the code to have a feature where you can change the colors of the blade. So we collaborated with Liz Clark and she modified the code and added that feature so that you can hold down on the RGB LED button and get in and out of this color changing mode. But it has the same motion activated lights and sounds that you're familiar with. It can crash, turns white, and it has a random choice for the different swings. So you have a few different swing sound effects. So that is a quick demo of it. Another thing we're really happy with is the pommel screws off because it has a thread. And then there is the PCB holder, super easy. Battery sticks right there. You have a USB-C port for recharging the battery or programming.  But while it's in its off state, the LED stays lit so you know that it's on. So that's really cool. And it's all open source in terms of the design. Of course the hardware is open source too, but the hilt design can be modified and whatever CAD package you want. We have a Fusion 360 file, also the step file so you can modify all the parts. Yeah, I think folks that have like custom-made CNC aluminum hilts can be able to reuse the PCB holder if they want, if the sizes are all right. And if not, you can update the diameters in whatever CAD package so you can have like a whole CNC hilt like you can because you can purchase CNC hilts that are in aluminum and the various online suppliers and folks that make their own. So yeah, super fun. Pedro, you had a lot of fun taking it to Star Wars Galaxy's Edge at Disney World. You got some amazing shots. They just let you in, huh? Like they just let you in with your own custom lights. Oh yeah, when you go through the metal defect, you just hold it out and walk through, right? That's it. That's cool. So anytime you have like an electronics that you want to show off there, I just like when I go in with robots, just have it on your shoulder or whatnot and walk right in, hold it out. They shouldn't get in too much trouble with that. Cool. This version here was our first, my first model. It's using FDM filament on just a Creality Ender printer. All the parts print without any support material. They're all oriented to print without any supports. There's the threading right there. You can see it here. This is that like silver glitter. So you get a bit of a shine. It looks kind of nice on the webcam, but compared to the resin print, you're still going to see some layer lines and stuff. And this pomal I just swapped it out. This is the resin pomal. I thought it'd be fun to switch to see if the parts are interchangeable. They totally are. There's some things that I couldn't have printed with the resin 3D printing service from JLCPCB, namely these little grips. They're just too thin. Like they're 0.4 millimeters thick because I really wanted to be like decals. But I printed them in this glittery dark galaxy black. And because I use the texture PEI bed, it has a little bit of a texture to it. So that makes it look less like it's 3D printed. You could paint this. You could use decals or something else or actually use real rubber, like cut out real rubber with a like a plotter or whatever. But yeah, I'm really impressed how the resin was able to print the little pegs here for the snap fit PCB holder. So no screws needed for your PCB. A little bit of a slot here if you want whole wires to come out there. But yeah, and it flexes slightly so that you can get the PCB in there. And this stuff is apparently heat high temperature resistant and also durable is what they say. So that's good to know. Maybe it's more durable than the filament. There's no layer lines. So I'm thinking it's going to be a little bit more durable than the FDM stuff. But we'll see. I haven't dropped mine yet. Somebody asked what is this? It's the lightsaber. That's a 3D printed lightsaber with the new Feather RP2040 Perot maker. And we have a question. Where is the Discord server? Right up there at discord.gg slash Adafruit. See if I can point to it with my lightsaber. I was doing that. Pointing at stuff.  That's why I was using it as the wing down stuff. Yeah, so very, very fun project. This, the original prop maker Feather was conceived because lightsabers was the thing that Lamar wanted us to build. And here we are a couple of years later. Can't get some of the chips, like mainly the atmel chips. So it's nice to move away from that chipset and go with the more readily available RP2040 from the Raspberry Pi Foundation. So there we go. I guess next we'll take a look at the learn guide. Just kind of breeze through what the instructions are like for building one of your own lightsabers. Whether you 3D print it or send it off to a 3D printing service like JLCPCB. Yeah, I think you'll like the, the, the streamlined building process. If you were one of the likey few that were able to get the RP2040 prop maker Feather, it was half off last week on JP's product pig of the week. And maybe that's why it sold out because everybody bought it half the price, which is cool. But we still have some other things in stock, like the RGB LED button, the Neopixel strips, the speakers out of stock, so is the battery, but we still have the slide switches and all the various cables and wires that you're you're going to want. But if you want to get notified when these are back in stock, you can click on the link, add your email if you want here. And you get an email when these are back in stock. We're trying to make more of these. So there's the story on that one. Some things that you want to purchase outside of Adafruit or is the polycarbonate tube to create the blade. I'm a big fan of getting the 24 inch long ultra edge heavy grade blade from the fine folks at ultra sabers.com. They've been selling these for a long time now. And you can get them pre kind of tip. You can get a round tip or a pointed tip, and it's only going to cost you about 24 bucks for this polycarbonate tube. Of course, you can buy your own polycarbonate tube and cut it to size and create your own tip. But I really like theirs because they actually add a little bit of internal, what do you call it, diffusing material that makes it a little bit more diffused when you're putting the neopixel strip inside. So I think that and some other things like coral plaster is this corrugated plastic sheet that's going to create a nice diffusing material and structure for your neopixel strip so that it doesn't get kinked inside or it keeps it straight basically. And because it's translucent, it diffuses the neopixel. Other things like clear scotch tape and double sided no tape or things you'll want to have on hand as well. Okay, let's take a look at the circuit diagram. Most of the things are going to go into the screw block terminal, which is really nice. Some things that get soldered to pins though is the RGB LED. We just ran out of pins for the screw block terminal. So that's why we're using individual pins. If you ever wired up a RGB LED, it's pretty much the same. You have four connections. One goes to the three volt pin and then you have a digital pin for each LED. The battery just connects. The slide switch also gets soldered to some pins, the enable and ground pin. But yeah, that's pretty much it. It's a pretty straightforward circuit diagram. CAD files. Here are all the CAD files. Not too many parts. Again, they all print without any support material, which is really nice. On an FDM, you're probably going to need supports if you're doing a resin printer. If you have your own resin printer, you know the drill. We tend to avoid resin prints. We haven't done that in quite a while. But hey, there are some low cost affordable 3D printing services out these days, namely PCBway and JLCPCB. For this one, we use JLCPCB. And I figure I add some options here of what I chose. So SLA resin, black resin. It's a grayish black color. And I chose to, yes, sand it for me, please. That's why you get these really nice smooth matte finish on these parts. Another part that was printed in resin from JLCPCB was the blade holder. I used these 8001 translucent because I didn't want that. I needed that to be translucent so that the light of the Neopixel shines through it. So that's the only part that it's a little bit different than the black resin. But otherwise, if you have your own 3D printer, you probably want to know what the minimum build volume is required. So 80 by 80 by 190 millimeters. That's the length the height of the of the hilts, which is probably the biggest part. So yeah. And then if you actually want just like the PCB of the feather, you want to have that included into your CAD design, you can use our 3D models that's on GitHub. You can get access to those. Those are free downloads and various formats like step, STL, and Fusion 360. That has all the components there for you. So you can make sure that your design has all the proper clearances. So that's CAD files. When you get your feather, you're going to want to install CircuitPython. Easy to do so. You get it in the boot loader mode, drag and drop the file to install, to automatically install the latest version of CircuitPython. Because the code is done in CircuitPython, shout out to Liz Clark for adding these features and making it a little bit upgraded now with the latest versions and latest libraries in CircuitPython. Everything's commented. So if you want to change up the array of colors, you can do that here in the top of the code. You'll probably want to keep all the pinouts the same unless you want to use different patents for the RGB LED. It's up to you. The Neopixels here, if you want to change the max brightness, you can do that. You can make it lower. You can change the sensitivity of the accelerometer. That's all done here. And if you want to add any more modes, you can modify the logic in the loop here if you want. But yeah, we have a bunch of sound effects as well. Make sure you use the download project bundle button that'll grab the libraries, the code, and the audio files, which is really nice. These are all wave files. They just tend to play a little bit better with CircuitPython. You can do MP3s, but we prefer the wave files because it just kind of plays better. So we have a few crashes and swings. And there's a special sound effect for the color mode. We wanted to have a different sound effect instead of the idle humming, the hum sound effect that's iconic to the lightsaber. We wanted to have a different sound effect. So we chose this sound effect, but you can change it up if you like. And then there's a nice breakdown of all the different pieces of the code. So you can check those out and shout out to Liz for putting the write up together as well. Very awesome. Yeah, when it comes to wiring, we've got all the steps here. We're going to go quick. There's questions on the three printing before we move on. One of them is, what is the total cost from JLC for the parts? Yeah, so for us, I got two copies of each part, and it was about $50 with shipping. So I think if you are just doing one set of the parts, it's going to be about $30. Depending on where you are, the shipping cost might change. The shipping is the highest cost of this when you're ordering the parts. I was doing some tests with the Master Sword, I think it was like $12.50 for all the parts. $12.50 for US dollars. And then the shipping is like, oh, what is it? What was it like? $16 or $20? Yeah, no, I think it was like $30 or something like that. Yeah. Yeah, so that's the cost that was on our end. Yeah, under $100, which is amazing. Yeah, and the quality, I mean, amazing. Yeah, the fact that they sand it for you. That's what I was about to say. The labor that you don't have to deal with all that. The second question is, what was it? Oh, no supports required for a non-resident printer. That's right. Yay, no supports. Everything's just chamfered out. Everything's at a 45 degree angle, the angle more or less. And then one last question. Let's see. It was Tahit. They received all the parts that they need, and sadly didn't have any speakers, though. So I've been using my favorite new speaker, not new. It's ones that we used to use before. The mini oval speaker has the short little wire. Oh, that's right. I just used the picoblade extension cable because that's a good one into a terminal. If you had gotten the oval one with the longer cable, you could snap that off. Or if you still use the extension, you have all this extra wire that you don't need. True. These are indeed in stock. This just has a shorter wire. It's a better way, I think, because you can easily... Yeah, you don't have to cut anything. The extension cable is already cut. You're right. So even if you just cut it and you're not wasting the plug part or the socket part of it, it's already cut. You already get the other side of it. So I would definitely for, especially upcoming with the Master Sword, it's going to be the exact same way.  Yeah, these are great. Super good tip. I should have added these to the guide. I guess I will now. Oh, I'll talk about it when you're showing off the assembly, the button, the six pin cable extension. Oh, man. Oh, you like that one? Oh, yeah. Yeah. It is going to require an extension with baking your own anyway with the ribbon, the silicone ribbon cable. You're going to have to extend it just a little bit. When you're done, you just plug them in and it's perfect. Okay. Yeah, that's a good idea. So for the RGB LED button, you are going to want six wires, but I split it up. I use the four pin Pico Molex blade connector and I just created my own two wire silicone ribbon cable so that I can differentiate the button from the RGB LED. Thankfully, you don't need a resistor for the RGB LED. It's built into the body of the button, but the button has labels on it. So RGB is the labeling on it and then C plus, which is like the voltage pin. So, you know, I have it here written out how I did it, like the red goes to the red LED, the white wire goes to green, the black wire goes to blue. I thought that made sense, but if you have the four pin, I think it comes in like all the colors, like RGB colors. That's why I like the six pin because every single color that is there corresponds to what the color is. Yeah, like this one, for example. And this is all the colors. It worked out so perfect. Yeah. Here's the four pin one. That's the one I used. You're limited in your color choice. But yeah, the six pin looks nice. And it's in stock.  So that's really nice.  So that's really nice. Yeah, these are pretty. Very nice. We've got to get more. We only had one pair. So I got one. Oh man, I need more. Well, that's good. That's good, too. Can you use it on? Yeah, so feel free to use your own cables and stuff, whatever you have on hand. But yeah, you got to solder to the pins. I wouldn't recommend like quick connects because it's just kind of tight in the hill. You don't want to use those quick connects. They have a really long kind of connector bit at the end. So maybe avoid those. The slide switch, it has to get soldered to the enable and ground pin pins on the feather. So you're going to have to kind of create your own wire cable for the slide switch. It's our favorite slide switch because it's so embeddable. It's so easy to kind of mount it to. I guess for the speaker wire, if you got the shorter cable, you just connect that extension cable.  So we're going to solder in the slide switch wires to the feather. I chose the bottom of the feather. Luckily, you have pins, labelings on them on the bottom of the PCB. So that's really nice. But you want it to be kind of short because it doesn't really travel far because it's all built into the PCB holder. And then you want to solder your 4-pin or 6-pin connector cables to the various pins. If you're using the 6-pin, I guess you're going to want to use the screw block terminal for the button, the switch pins instead of soldering to the pins. But yeah, the pin labeling is here too. And if you do use different pins, you're going to want to update the code because the code's looking for very specific pins. So the red LEDs is set up to pin 10, the green LED is 11, and the blue LED is 12. But you could change this up. Just make sure you change the code. For the blade assembly, depending on your polycarbonate tube, you might want to have to print your blade tip, which we have a CAD file for that. It should press fit. But I really like the ultra-saber polycarbonate tubes because they have that resin printed tip that diffuses nicely. It's like a glued on or somehow attached where you don't got to worry about that. Yeah, I think it's glued on. So yeah, it's really nice to have that already done for you. All right. And then the Neopixel strip, we're using the mini-skinny Neopixel strip. And there's 140, 144 LEDs per meter. So you can just get one reel of it. And that should be, that should, I think, go up to, well, a meter long. Whoops. Let me do a quick calculation. One meter, two inches. That's 39 inches long. So if your polycarbonate tube is that long, you can make it that long. I chose the 24 long inch blade polycarbonate tube. So I ended up only, yeah, I ended up only needing 85 pixels, but you can update the code if you're using more or less, depending on your polycarbonate tube. But you do want to create your coroplast strip so that the Neopixel strip becomes like this stick that's rigid and it diffuses. Notice that I'm not, like, doing a double-sided Neopixel strip because the coroplasts and the polycarbonate tube work together to make this. Basically, you don't, you can't see where the blade, you know, which side is the Neopixels facing.  Yeah, a little bit, but when you have the surround, you're not going to be able to tell. Yeah, I think you can kind of tell on yours. I wonder, I wonder why that is, yeah, yours kind of shows a little bit of a dark spot. Yeah, it's the same polycarbonate tube, right? Yeah. Maybe it's your camera. Yeah, there you go. Then you can kind of see, yeah, in real life. In real life, you really can't see it because it's a light source, right? But anyway, if you want to add more pixels, you do it again. I chose not to because it lowers the build cost and it increases the battery life. Yeah, it would go, but these Neopixel strips have these stock cables, which I'm not a fan of, so you want to desolder those. And I took it out of the sheathing, too, so that I can double stick it to that strip of coroplast. And then I add the three-pin JST cable to it. So you want to cut your strip, depending on how long your blade is, your tube, and then you'll want two strips of this coroplast stuff. And then I used the double-sided tape to stick it. And then I sandwiched it together and then used scotch tape, wrapped it around. Here you can get a better look at it. So that's how it's working. So once it's inside the tube, like here, yeah, it just diffuses nicely. And you can see there's a little bit of liner material inside the Ultra Sabers polycarbonate tube, which is quite nice. All right, that's the blade. It gets its own page because it's a bit of a thing itself. Next up, we're going to put everything together. So there's a special battery clip for the 2200 milliamp lipo battery. I like these because they're a little bit more durable. Actually, they're a lot more durable than the soft lipos.  So that just slides in, connect that to the the feather, and then to get the the PCB holder set up, we're going to want to start with the slide switch. It gets press fitted in between those two standoffs that are built into the the PCB holder. And then you're just going to want to do a little bit of bundling of the wires. You'll want those wires to pass under the PCB. And then you'll insert the the feather at an angle, and then just kind of snap fit it in to the other side. And then there's your slide switch. It's right facing up with the USB-C connector. So it's easy to turn off the whole circuit.  You'll start with screwing and fastening the the speaker wires. And then the the rest of it the the actually no not yet. You kind of set that aside and then start installing the blade holder that press the JST connector fits through the hole on the bottom. And this is what's going to get press fitted into the into the end of the blade where the wire is coming out. Then you'll want to add your JST connection so that it can go through the hilt. But first you'll want to get the RGB LED button installed. You'll want to get that in there and get the wires to pass all the way through the bottom. And then you'll want to get the blade wires coming through the bottom of the hilt. So you have all your wired connections now. We'll go ahead and connect just plug in your either six pin or four pin connector there. And then now you can screw insert and fasten the the three wires from the the neopixel strip the blade and then the two wires from the the button the RGB LED button. And that's kind of it. Now you can once those are screwed in with the screw block terminals. Now you can start installing the stuff you want to start with the battery. So you want to fit that in making sure that none of the wires being kinked. There's a plenty of room in the battery holder to let those wires pass through. So you just want to orient it where the cables are going to pass through nicely. I ended up using a screwdriver to kind of push the rest of the the battery inside. And then that way you can start fitting the PCB holder into the hilt the bottom of the hilt. There is a flange on the outside of the PCB holder to prevent the PCB holder from like fully going inside. And it also lets you slide it out too. So that's a nice little design feature of the PCB holder. Now you want to secure the button. I'm actually not using the included hex nut because I found that the rubber ring makes a good kind of solution to hold it in place to like press fit it in place. So I just kind of force it in and the the rubber tends to like just kind of flex and stretch a little bit so that it gets nicely gripped into the into the hole of the hilt. All the wires I don't think there's a lot of room to stick your thumb in there to you know hold on to the actual nut. That's why yeah you're right. There's a way to actually do that. Yeah there's no way to do it so. What I had to do was use two of the rubber things so one from like another one of the things so. Oh I see it yeah it's taking a little bit but. Otherwise yeah it's just my printer that was a little bit loose. Oh okay. Right on okay. And then you'll want to test the circuit before installing the blade emitter. So I was able to test it out because you're just going to turn it on and use the button. And then from there you want to slide sorry about that you got a spam call during a live show. The blade emitter slides on through the top of the blade and then it gets screwed onto the hilt and we updated the design so that it's a nice tight fit so you want to make sure that everything is nice and tight when you fasten the blade emitter onto the hilt and that's what keeps the blade inside. Then you can use the slide switch to turn on and off you can easily remove the pommel and put it back on. That's kind of it man it's again I've taken this thing apart a dozen times excuse me and it's it's been really fun. So once you're done you have your lightsaber. I like that you can actually use these for battle. You could yep just be careful not to drop it I guess. Oh the parts yeah yeah you could try ct machining it I suppose as well we haven't tried that but I think our next goal is some sort of some blade or something. Yeah they do have ct machining but I just haven't tried it. And the sounds are pretty good of course you can muffle it if you cover it but I think most lightsabers have the sound coming out of the pommel. I didn't want any noticeable holes here so that's why I chose to have the the pommel have the holes for the for the audio. I really like the the variable sounds that you get. Oh yeah so much better it gives it yeah it's so much better than our original lightsaber. So much better than the ones at Disney because they literally just go through a track list order every single time so you know what the sound effect is coming up next after a bit. Oh funny huh yeah and I don't think especially like the cheaper ones don't have the color changing ability. I don't think things I wanted to really brag about but when we were there shooting film I saw some lady had one and she was cycling through different colors. Really? I don't know if that was you know like the 300 dollar one that you build yourself or right you know maybe she had already the CAD piles and built yours already. That's funny. Yeah I really like the two. See the Disney ones that are that are kind of made at the workshops that they have. A galaxy's edge they have like a kyber crystal that you put inside right and then that is what determines your color. So it's like a cool kind of thing but at the same time it's like oh you guys are charging money for just changing the color aren't you? That's not the first thing too. Right. I've seen it on the Tron disc. I'm sure they do this thing. Oh the Alkron yeah the Sith Alkron. Yeah like come on. All the info was there and this has been going on for such a long time. Like the Teddy Ruckspin you got to pay to unlock stone already there. Yeah it's like a DLC paid DLC. Yes yes but certainly it's saying yep it's a RFID yeah but it's cool if you like the whole lore of having a different crystal. Yeah like you know kudos to them for going the extra mile because that is how the lightsaber lore is you're supposed to have a crystal and that's what determines your colors. The resin mold for the little kyber crystals it's pretty cool. Right yeah I do like those because they look really cool and you have like a special container and all that so it makes it a little bit more nicer if you want to spend the money why not. So that is the lightsaber. It's been many years now. It's been a good amount of years I don't know how many. It's a good upgrade. A fantastic upgrade and I definitely recommend the prop maker Feather. There's a little Star Wars content always out and jumping into this week's prototyping. Yeah let's do it. All right this week's prototyping continuing on with the master sword. Pretty close to getting this done. Liz did excellent job updating the code for the prop maker and pretty much the same as the last one. Big difference being that it's completely modular now so no more hot glue everything. You can see the screws here still doing the assembly shots for that so I didn't want to oh yeah that together but here's what the inside of everything looks like and here you can see the prop maker side there the speakers the battery and the led strip and the way the assembly for this guy is all screws yay no more glue. Yay screws. Yeah so we're using the m25s for connecting the blades and those have enough room to just get your screwed over there and then the m3 20 by 20 millimeter long so it can fit all the way through and then one of the biggest complaints with some of the like the the guardian sword back there was the the standoff always breaking off so when I had it merged let me just turn this off so you can see it better when I had it just merged all of the standoffs with the walls there ain't no way that's gonna break off yeah that's really nice part of it so there's nothing that can just snap off of it and yeah that's a pretty that's a really good practice on when you're making standoffs don't make them where they're just free floating in the air make sure they have like fillets on the bottom so they're like glued you know attached to something that is a lot more sturdier than it is by itself so every single one of those are just attached to the wall same thing with the little tabs here they're super thick actually it's better to show it on this one yeah so these tabs are here super thick so even if you break some of it because of the way that they print the orientation they still work cool was a nice way to do that and then the other thing I didn't bring the other the other uh the longer blade of this because the original one that uh cast core tech made it's so freaking long um it's like a yeah it's like a claymore so you can even the handle you know just barely has enough room for both of your hands which are gonna need both hands actually swing that thing around and since this is pretty much just like a toy for the kids so a lot more difficult for them to swing that around so I made it to where I redid the blade so that the tip uh can just be attached to the main um main like this main uh blade so you can either have it be small or if you want you can attach that extra part to make the full size so it is compatible with uh the other blade sections as it were and then uh yeah everything just screws together so super you know sturdy even if you know like in the game if it breaks you can just print piece off that's nice yeah attach it so there's not any glue to hold you back on that I think the only place I'm gonna have to use glue um is the little strip the way that the strip is gonna hold on to the center of the blade since I am gonna have to cut this I'm gonna try the coroplast first though right I am gonna have to cut it to uh yeah I see how you wrapped it around yeah so that's the full uh length the full meter of the new pixels 144 pixels are in there and then the uh Liz was able to get all the pins transferred over and then animation works excellent on that all the clashes the way that the energy animation goes through yeah super cool and then we'll talk about it uh next week just the way just a little I can't backwards here just the way like things like the um the uh battery the way that holds on there yeah that's really good that just snaps in like that and uh yeah again with the um using the small short uh cabled oval speaker and then I'm just using the extension to connect that into the terminal there yeah so a lot more modular all of the pieces have little holders that screw onto the main base of the handles you kind of see that there I am using screws for even though I probably should just switch this out to the pin but I'm too traumatized with little pins popping out and like no I can't well because of this little pin I gotta you know redo this project um my other thing here too is this uh this little tab here only because I didn't want to have it on the inside of here where I would need to take out the board before I could even take off this whole holder so right but it gives there's enough clearance when you insert the usb okay very good good yeah everything just goes on like that and just screws in I will show this um what is that rubber necked thing that I'm using the with the power drill like an angled bit is what I'm using to get into the crevices of this you regular screwdriver does fit in there but you know they're it's a m25 by 12 millimeters long so it is kind of you know a struggle to sit there and screw it by hand so I am using a power drill and the only way to fit it in there is with that angled uh bit holder so I will show that off next week cool that's how all that is uh modular blade and uh all the components modular very nice detail um I guess we could talk about the funny us trying to get this 3d printed with a pc was it no jlc as well yeah I'll sent it in I was like super maize was like oh my god it's only like a dollar per piece uh it's you know it's ordered you know two pieces of this and then we get an email in the morning saying that they cannot print this for us because it looks like a weapon yeah so they have like a policy um they're shipping customs because of that they can't ship items that resemble weapons including guns uh swords even though it's like a toy they don't want to get in any legal trouble so they uh they deny they have to go through approval process for every part so just be aware of that so if you're trying to make like a ray gun they probably won't allow that either um but other things like the d20 should work fine something like this something like a a case that looks like um like a nintendo or an old school macintosh like all that stuff should be fine so just be be be aware like this doesn't look like a weapon it looks like a flashlight it is a flashlight not a weapon this one kind of is a tube it just it's just the shape maybe the tip oh i mean the file name said master sword on us they're like oh we ain't getting into any of these legal problems right yeah so they rejected them they're free to do so mm-hmm yeah and i'm kind of relieved to because it's like oh man now i have to you know paint it and all that what i had done was uh some of the filament that we were looking at last week from a stronghold um you saw it there was like a blue purple dual tone one i ordered that and that's what it looks great so that's something the printing services can't do have like multi-tone colors yeah glitter colors so that'll look super nice but i was interested to see how well they're i forget the the material that i picked it's whatever their default material is it's like uh high temperature like good for like working prototypes i wanted to see the strength for that and if it uh how diffused leds i was very curious of that because when i searched for that nobody's tested that so right oh well yeah there's something else yep yep we'll have some more props that aren't in the shape of the sword or a gun yeah or it is all i gotta do is uh do the painting for the little um the gold painting on there for the triforce and all that yeah that's gonna look great okay we got some uh a flexible shaft a rotating yes that's what it is yes yes yeah so screwdriver alternatives if your power drill is too bulky they also have like hand cranked ones yeah let me check out the one that is that it no this is just like a hand one no no no yeah mr saying if your drill is too bulky or overpowered because remember you can have like a um oh gosh what are those really strong ones the driver or something oh the impact yeah impact driver would just strip so i'm glad you ordered the what's the name it's not the fill up screw drivers the other ones the heck screws because i stripped so many because yeah even with the it's not an impact but yeah it's way more power than your hand will have and i stripped so many of those uh yeah the philips ones yeah i don't like philips yeah they can't actually and i tried different uh bit you know bits you know there's like different sizes for like the um the philips heads and i tried like a thin one i tried a a thicker one and yeah it stripped all of them or a good majority of them where i was just like good thing i have a whole bunch and just throw them away after each time i was handling and disassembling stuff yeah like i can't reprint this it takes freaking eight hours for one part yeah all right well that's good um well you know we'll talk about that more we're running a little bit out of time so let's go ahead and run out of energy yeah i know man you need to rest up real quick we have a time lapse video this week it's time for halloween halloween is here planning your halloween things so that when halloween comes you'll be all ready so this is a really fun printed place design um from sun oh boy what was the name i have it here unsat 3d they created a amazing scary pumpkin monster creature that has you know hinges for limbs so it can move in all sorts of directions and you use this really fun material it's a pla that's i guess rainbow and you just had a good color i got so lucky on the color change on the rainbow color that was coming up next green and the orange good it looks so freaking good i got so lucky on that it can hang off of uh i wish i could showcase that but that's all the energy i had for shooting this yeah that's so sunset 3d has this design up on printables.com it's a free download um it looks really cool it prints without any supports because it has a flat backing that's that's how you they're you're able to print all the pieces all printed place the challenge has worked out well then with that material excellent again the stronghold pla uh the rainbow stuff i'm gonna guess any of their stuff that they have is freaking whole strong there's no cleanup that i had to do there's no like um usually with the time lapses there's like you know harry you know um uh overextrusions and stuff like that yeah and look at the color change on that it's changed right on like divine details so and that has like that shine on it wow that is a lot of detail it is so good oh my god that's amazing obviously jack one's like oh my god i want another one and he's been playing it for a while so you know you know how kids are they're throwing stuff around in it there's nothing broken on this wow yeah they're they seem pretty thick on the uh word the orange turn going next for you know the colors right on the pumpkin face oh look how he drew it up yeah it's really nice this is good for uh like he's showing there off the lamp or on your window decoration well giant one of these would be pretty cool yeah would uh yeah check it out is it a pay i don't remember no it's three yeah it's three yeah he has a paypal if you guys want to donate oh yeah definitely yeah so we're gonna if it was for pay yeah a lot of stuff from colt i'll pay for it yeah i thought it was a paid for it too excellent very very nice very cool huge shout out to sunset 30 okay and then uh for community makes we just have one make this week it's our first make shout out to sarah r who posted up their make of adabot sarah rated it five stars and says it's such a cute surprisingly quick project had to reprint a couple of the pieces one percent bigger or smaller to get the saw uh press fit connect connections even still would recommend putting a little bit of super glue on the edge of the bolt because it tends to pop back in when eager little hands are trying to yeah like the kids would push that in press video uh it printed everything in pla at point one six millimeters on a point four nozzle and ironed the top surfaces of the pupils so that they're extra pretty huh yeah they look very very nice i don't see any layer lines other than like here a bit but that's kind of okay and uh pencils seem to work fine with adabot they chose the black button okay all the colors that looks really nice look at all that wow very good very nice love it i'm so happy somebody finally made adabot because it was a lot of work a lot of cat work a lot of reprinting um because there's the touches are so like precise on adabot for everything uh um i really wanted like the um the arms to be able to bend but also hold and that was really difficult to do um like i just couldn't you can you kind of see right on um there's a little bit of a gap between the two arm halves because what you're doing is your the magnets are are kind of sandwiching and gripping onto the joints for the arm claw and the arm joint so that it can stay up when you're articulating the arm so you have to make compromises and that was one of the compromises i had to make was to you're going to see a little bit of a gap because just the friction fit of the of the parts i wanted to be able to to move because if you don't if it was flush his arm would just freely flop around and that's one of those things cool shout out to sarah really fantastic make awesome offer and i believe that is it for the show go and tell us tonight so if you folks want to come on it's going to be hosted by uh mr. mrs. lady aida philip toron they will be hosting tonight's show and tell i'll be on there with the lightsaber so i'll just let them know i will be resting yeah you need to rest up i'm so surprised you did the show but hey you did it for you folks i don't want it next week uh we might need uh another week to uh to get the learn guide for the master sword but that's fine i think i should be able to i'm far enough to where assembling the hardest part was converting everything into getting the screws to fit and then having the blade be modular very nice very nice printing i'll be working on this guy here with phil b i have these parts being printed in resin from jlc pcb um so the this is the talking d20 it has the prop maker feather it's uh it's got the board here and phil b shout out to phil b for this lovely idea of uh adding pennies as a counterweight so that the both halves are equal so uh that's what i'm working on this isn't prototyping segment now but i'm working on that and uh halloween's x yeah tombstones with the head moving yeah halloween we'll do halloween props maybe we got the r2d2 back there you got the r2d2 still button sound effect thingies there's a bunch of stuff yeah whatever cool movie oh loki whatever happens in loki right yeah maybe there's some new time batons or something tba props yeah that one looks like a flashlight it does not look like a ray gun or something i'll try that one all right thank you everybody so much for watching don't forget our coupon code and one later tonight jedi sith is for today we'll have another one later tonight don't forget jp show tomorrow and then i believe scott is back with uh deep dives so there's still some shows for this the week but until then hope you guys have a good weekend stay safe out there folks until next week remember to make make a great day see you later bye folks


For decades, the technology industry had marched the cadence of Moore's law. It was a familiar pattern. System OEMs would design in the next generation of Intel microprocessors every couple of years or so, maybe bump up the memory ranges periodically, and the supporting hardware would kind of go along for the ride, upgrading its performance and bandwidth. System designers, they might beef up the cash, maybe throwing some more spinning disc spindles at the equation to create a balanced environment. And this was pretty predictable and consistent in the pattern and was reasonably straightforward compared to today's challenges. This has all changed. The confluence of cloud, distributed global networks, the diversity of applications, AI, machine learning, and the massive growth of data outside of the data center requires new architectures to keep up. As we've reported, the traditional Moore's law curve is flattening, and along with that, we've seen new packages with alternative processors like GPUs, NPUs, accelerators and the like, and the rising importance of supporting hardware to offload tasks like storage and security. And it's created a massive challenge to connect all these components together, the storage, the memories, and all of the enabling hardware and do so securely at very low latency, at scale, and of course, cost effectively. This is the topic of today's segment, the shift from a world that is CPU centric to one where the connectivity of the various hardware components is where much of the innovation is occurring. And to talk about that, there is no company who knows more about this topic than Broadcom. And with us today is Jazz Tremblay, who is general manager data center solutions group at Broadcom. Jazz, welcome to theCUBE. Hey Dave, thanks for having me, really appreciate it. Yeah, you bet. Now Broadcom is a company that a lot of people might not know about. I mean, but the vast majority of the internet traffic flows through Broadcom products, like pretty much all of it. It's a company with trailing 12 month revenues of nearly 29 billion and a $240 billion market cap. Jazz, what else should people know about Broadcom? Well Dave, 99% of the internet traffic goes through Broadcom silicon or devices. And I think what people are not often aware of is how breadth it is. It starts with the devices, phones and tablets that use our Wi-Fi technology or RF filters. And then those connect to access points either at home, at work or public access points using our Wi-Fi technology. And if you're working from home, you're using a residential or broadband gateway and that uses Broadcom technology also. From there, you go to access networks, core networks and eventually you'll work your way into the data center all connected by Broadcom. So really, we're at the heart of enabling this connectivity ecosystem. And we're, at the core of it, we're a technology company. We invest about $5 billion a year in R&D. And as you were saying, or last year we achieved 27.5 billion of revenue. And our mission is really to connect the ecosystem to enable what you said, this transformation around the data-centric world. So talk about your scope of responsibility. What's your role generally and specifically with storage? So I've been with the company for 16 years and I head up the data center solutions group which includes three product franchises. PCA fabric, storage connectivity and Broadcom, Ethernet, Nix. So my charter, my team's charter is really server connectivity inside the data center. And what specifically is Broadcom doing in storage, Jez? So it's been quite a journey. Over the past eight years, we've made a series of acquisition and built up a pretty impressive storage portfolio. This first started with LSI. And that's where I came from and the team here came from LSI that had two product franchises around storage. The first one was server connectivity, HBA, RAID, expanders for SSDs and HDDs. The second product group was actually chips that go inside the hard drives. So SOCs and preamps. So that was an acquisition that we made. And actually that's how I came into the Broadcom a group through LSI. The next acquisition we made was PLX, the industry's leader in PCIe fabrics. They'd been doing PCIe switches for about 15 years. We acquired the company and really saw an acceleration and the requirements for NVMe Attach and AI ML fabrics, very specialized low latency fabrics. After that, we acquired a large system and software company, Brocade. And Dave, if you recall Brocade, they're the market leader in fiber channel switching. This is where if you're a financial or government institution, you wanna build a mission critical, ultra secure, really best in class storage network. Following Brocade acquisition, we acquired Emulex, that is now the number one provider of fiber channel adapters inside servers. And the last acquisition for this puzzle was actually Broadcom, where Avago acquired Broadcom and took on the Broadcom name. And there we acquired Ethernet switching capabilities and Ethernet adapters that go into storage servers or external storage systems.  We're number one in each of these storage product categories and we now have four divisions that are focused on storage connectivity. You know, that's quite remarkable when you think about it. I mean, I know all these companies that you were talking about and they were very quality companies, but they were kind of bespoke. And the fact that you had the vision to kind of connect the dots and now take responsibility for that integration, we're going to talk about what that means in terms of competitive advantage. But I wonder if we could zoom out and maybe you could talk about the key storage challenges and elaborate a little bit on why connectivity is now so important. Like what are the trends that are driving that shift that we talked about earlier from a CPU-centric world, the one that's connectivity-centric? I think at Broadcom, we recognize the importance of storage and storage connectivity. And if you look at data centers, whether it be private, public cloud or hybrid data centers, they're getting inundated with data. If you look at the digital universe, it's growing at about 23% keger a day. So over a course of four to five years, you're doubling the amount of new information. And that poses really two key challenges for the infrastructure. The first one is you have to take all this data and for a good chunk of it, you have to store it, be able to access it and protect it. The second challenge is you actually have to go and analyze and process this data. And doing this at scale, that's the key challenge. And what we're seeing these data centers getting a tsunami of data and historically they've been CPU-centric architectures. And what that means is the CPUs at the heart of the data center. And a lot of the workloads are processed by software running on the CPU. We believe that we're currently transforming the architecture from CPU-centric to connectivity-centric. And what we mean by connectivity-centric is you architect your data center thinking about the connectivity first. And the goal of the connectivity is to use all the components inside the data center, the memory, the spinning media, the flash storage, the networking, the specialized accelerators, the FPGA, all these elements, and use them for what they're best at to process all this data. And the goal, Dave, is really to drive down power and deliver the performance so that we can achieve all the innovation we want inside the data centers. So it's really a shift from CPU-centric to bringing in more specialized components and architecting the connectivity inside the data center to help. We think that's a really important part. Okay, so you have this need for connectivity at scale, you mentioned, and you're dealing with massive, massive amounts of data. I mean, we're going to look back in the last decade and say, you've seen nothing compared to when we get to 2030. But at the same time, you have to control costs. So what are the technical challenges to achieving that vision? So it's really challenging. It's not that complex to build up faster, bigger solution if you have no cost or power budget. And really the key challenge is that our team is facing working with customers is, first, I'd say it's architectural challenges. So we would all like to have one fabric that can connect all the devices and bring us all the characteristics that we need. But the reality is we can't do that. So you need distinct fabrics inside the data center and you need them to work together. You'll need an ethernet backbone. In some cases, you'll need a fiber channel network. In some cases, you'll need a small fabric for thousands or hundreds of thousands of HDDs. You will need PCIe fabrics for AI ML servers. And one of the key architectural challenges is which fabric do you use when and how do you develop these fabrics to meet their purpose-built needs? That's one thing. The second architectural challenge, Dave, is what I challenge my team with is, example, how do I double bandwidth while reducing net power? Double bandwidth reducing net power. How do I take a storage controller and increase the IOPS by 10X and will allocate only 50% more power budget? So that equation requires tremendous innovation and that's really what we focus on. And power is becoming more and more important in that equation. So you've got decisions from an architecture perspective as to which fabric to use. You've got this architectural challenge around we need to innovate and do things smarter, better to drive down power while delivering more performance. Then if you take those things together, the problem statement becomes more complex. So you've had these silicon devices with complex firmware on them that need to interoperate with multiple devices. They're getting more and more complex. So there's execution challenges. And what we need to do and what we're investing to do is shift left quality. So to do these complex devices, they come out time to market with high quality. And one of the key things, Dave, that we've invested in is emulation of the environment before you tape out your silicon. So effectively taking the application software, running it on an emulation environment, making sure that works, running your tests before you tape out and that ensures quality silicon. So it's challenging but the team loves challenges and that's kind of what we're facing. On one hand, architectural challenges. On the other hand, a new level of execution challenges. So you're compressing the time to final tape out versus maybe traditional techniques. And then you mentioned architectural. Am I right, Jazz, that you're essentially from an architectural standpoint trying to minimize the, because latency is so important, you're trying to minimize the amount of data that you have to move around and actually bringing compute to the data. Is that the right way to think about it? I think there's multiple parts of the problem. One of them is you need to do more data transactions. Example, data protection with rate algorithms. We need to do millions of transactions per second. And the only way to achieve this with the minimal power impact is to hardware accelerates. That's one piece of investment. The other investment is you're absolutely right, Dave. So it's shuffling the data around the data center. So in the data center, in some cases, you need to have multiple pieces of the puzzle, multiple ingredients, processing the same data at the same time. And you need advanced methodologies to share the data and avoid moving it all over the data center. So that's another big piece of investment that we're focused on. Okay, yeah, so let's stay on that because I see this as disruptive. You was talking about spending $5 billion a year in R&D. And talk a little bit more about the disruptive technologies or the supportive technologies that you're introducing specifically to support this vision. So let's break it down on a couple big industry problems that our team is focused on. So the first one is I'll take an enterprise workload database. If you want the fastest running database, you want to utilize local storage and VME based drives and you need to protect that data. And RAID is the mechanism of choice to protect your data in local environments. And there what we need to do is really just do the transactions a lot faster. Historically, the storage has been a bit of a bottleneck in these types of applications. So example, our newest generation product, we're doubling the bandwidth, increasing IOPS by 4X, but more importantly, we're accelerating RAID rebuilds by 50X. And that's important, Dave. If you are using a database, in some cases you limit the size of that database based on how fast you can do those rebuilds. So this 50X acceleration and rebuilds is something we're getting a lot of good feedback on for customers. The last metric we're really focused on is write latency. So how fast can the CPU send the write to the storage connectivity subsystem and commit it to drives? And we're improving that by 60X generation over generation. So we're talking fully loaded latency, 10 microseconds. So from an enterprise workload, it's about data protection, much, much faster using NVMe drives. That's one big problem. The other one is if you look at Dave, YouTube, Facebook, TikTok, the amount of user-generated content, specifically video content that they're producing on an hour-by-hour basis is mind-boggling. And the hyperscale customers are really counting on us to help them scale the connectivity of hundreds of thousands of hard drive to store and access all that data in a very reliable way. So there we're leading the industry in the transition to 24 gig SAS and multi-actuator drives. Third big problem is around AI ML servers. So these are some of the highest performance servers that they basically need super low latency connectivity between GP GPUs, networking, NVMe drives, CPUs, and orchestrate that all together. And the fabric of choice for that is PCIe fabric. So here we're talking about 115 nanosecond latency in a PCIe fabric, fully non-blocking, very reliable. And here we're helping the industry transition from PCIe Gen 4 to PCIe Gen 5. And the last piece is, okay, I've got an AI ML server. I have a storage system with hard drives or a storage server in the enterprise space. All these devices, systems need to be connected to the Ethernet backbone. And my team is heavily investing in Ethernet NICs, transitioning to 100 gig, 200 gig, 400 gig, and putting capabilities optimized for storage workloads. So those are kind of the four big things that we're focused on at the industry level from a connectivity perspective, Dave. Yeah, and that makes a lot of sense and really resonates, particularly as we have that shift from a CPU centric to a connectivity centric. And the other thing you said, I mean, you're talking about 50X RAID rebuild times. You know, it's a couple of things you know in storage is if you ask the question, what happens when something goes wrong? Because it's all about recovery. You can't lose data. And the other thing you mentioned is write latency, which has always been the problem. Okay, reads, I can read out a cache, but ultimately you've got to get it to where it's persisted. So some real technical challenges there that you guys are dealing with. Absolutely, Dave. Yeah, and these are the type of problems that gets the engineers excited. Give them really tough technical problems to go solve. I wonder if we could take a couple of examples or an example of scaling with a large customer.  Take us through that. So we use the word scale a lot at Broadcom. We work with some of the industry leaders in data centers and OEMs. And scale means different things to them. So example, if I'm working with a hyperscaler that is getting inundated with data and they need a half a million storage controllers to store all that data, well, their scale problem is can you deliver? And Dave, you know how much of a hot topic that is these days. So they need a partner that can scale from a delivery perspective. But if I take a company like example Dell, that's very focused on storage. From storage servers, their acquisition of EMC, they have a very broad portfolio of data center storage offerings. And scale to them from a Broadcom, from a connected by Broadcom perspective means that you need to have the investment scale to meet their end to end requirements. All the way from a low end storage connectivity solution for booting a server all the way up to very high end, all flash array or high density HDD system. So they want to company a partner that can invest and has a scale to invest to meet their end to end requirements. Second thing is there are different products that are unique and have different requirements and you need to adapt your collaboration model. So example, some products within Dell portfolio might say, I just want to storage adapter, plug it in. The operating system will automatically recognize it. I need this turnkey. I want to do minimal investment. This is not an area of high differentiation for me. At the other end of the spectrum, they may have applications where they want deep integration with their management and are silicon tools so that they can deliver the highest quality, highest performance to their customers. So they need a partner that can scale from an R and D investment perspective from a silicon software and hardware perspective. But they also need a company that can scale from a support and business model perspective and give them the flexibility that their end customers need. So Dell is a great company to work with. We have a long lasting relationship with them. And the relationship is very deep in some areas, example, server storage. And it's also quite broad. They are adopters of the vast majority of our storage connectivity products. Well, I want to talk about the uniqueness of Broadcom. And again, it's an awe of the fact that somebody had the vision, you guys, your team, obviously your CEOs, there's one of the visionaries in the industry, had the sense to look out and say, okay, we can put these pieces together. So I would imagine a company like Dell, they're able to consolidate their vendor, their supplier base, and push you for integration and innovation. How unique is that, is the Broadcom model? What's compelling to your customers about that model? So I think what's unique from a storage perspective is the breadth of the portfolio and also the scale at which we can invest. So if you look at some of the things we talked about from a scale perspective, how data centers throughout the world are getting inundated with data, Dave, they need help. And we need to equip them with cutting-edge technology to increase performance, drive down power, improve reliability. So they need partners that in each of the product categories that you partner with them on, we can invest with scale. So that's, I think, one of the first things. The second thing is if you look at this connectivity-centric data center, you need multiple types of fabric. And whether it be cloud customers or large OEMs, they are organizing themselves to be able to look at things holistically. They're no longer product company. They're very data center architecture companies. And so it's good for them to have a partner that can look across product groups, across divisions, says, okay, this is the innovation we need to bring to market. These are the problems we need to go solve. And they really appreciate that. And I think the last thing is a flexible business model. Within example, my division, we offer different business models, different engagement and collaboration models with technology, but there's another division that if you wanna innovate at the silicon level and build custom silicon for you, like many of the hyperscalers or other companies are doing, that division is just focused on that. So I feel like Broadcom is unique from a storage perspective. It's ability to innovate, breadth of portfolio, and the flexibility in the collaboration model to help our customers solve their customer's problems. So you're saying you can deal with merchant products slash open products, or you can do highly, high customization, where does software differentiation fit into this model? So it's actually one of the most important elements. I think a lot of our customers take it for granted that will take care of the silicon, will anticipate the requirements and deliver the performance that they need. But from a software, firmware, driver, utilities, that is where a lot of differentiation lies. Some cases will offer a Nest DK model where customers can build their entire applications on top of that. In some cases, they wanna complete turnkey solution where you take technology integrated into server and the operating system recognizes it and you have out of box drivers from Broadcom. So we need to offer them that flexibility because their needs are quite broad there. So last question, what's the future of the business look like to Jazz Tremblay? Give us your point of view on that. Well, it's fun. I gotta tell you, Dave, we're having a great time. We've got, I've got a great team. They are the world's experts on storage connectivity and working with them is a pleasure. And we've got a great set of customers that are giving us cool problems to go solve and we're excited about it. So I think this is really, you know, with the acceleration of all this digital transformation that we're seeing, we're excited, we're having fun. And I think there's a lot of problems to be solved and we also have a responsibility. I think the ecosystem and the industry is counting on our team to deliver the innovation from a storage connectivity perspective. And I'll tell you, Dave, we're having fun. It's great, but we take that responsibility pretty seriously. Jazz, great stuff. I really appreciate you laying all that out. Very important role you guys are playing. You have a really unique perspective. Thank you. Thank you, Dave. And thank you for watching. This is Dave Vellante for theCUBE and we'll see you next time.