We are going to special features of the SD25DV. The special features of the SD25DV include data protection, fast transfer mode, GPO, interfaces arbitration, RF management, energy harvesting, power management, capability container file, and NDEV. First we're going to look at data protection. The data and system configuration in the SD25DV memory can be protected with security sessions and passwords. Security sessions are open when correct passwords are presented. There are five 64-bit passwords that are available for users. Four of which are for RF accesses and one is for I2C access. A 64-bit password has 18.5 quintillion combinations. It presented at a rate of half a second. It probably takes 3 billion years to exhaust all the combinations. However, the password is not encrypted and it blows. There's no way to retrieve it. The data and system configuration in the SD25DV memory can be protected with security session and password. Security sessions are open when correct passwords are presented. The user memory is now divided into four configurable areas versus sector granularity as in the previous product M24LR. The configurable parameter includes size and read-write access protection. There are three main registers. The ENDA register configure the sizes. The RFAAI SS registers configure the RF access protection. And finally, the I2CSS register configure I2C access protection. So areas are protected independently in RF and I2C. The RFAA registers from 1 to 4 set read-write protection for area 1 and 4. And the I2CSS registers define read-write protection for area 1 to 4. Area 1 is always readable by both I2C and RF. And resizing area has no effect on RFAA and I2CSS registers. Let's look at an example of data protection. Here the user memory area 1 has RFAAI SS register set at 05 hex. RF read allow but RF write protected. The I2CSS register sets at 01 hex meaning I2C read allow but I2C write protected. When correct RF password 1 is presented user can now write VRF to area 1 but it remains locked VRF with the I2C interface. If incorrect RF password 1 is presented or co-even correct RF password 2 the memory cannot be written to. RF password 0 or password 0 controls the RF write access of static system configuration. For modification of these registers via I2C you need to present I2C password. Dynamic registers are not write protected so you can always read and write without presenting any password. Some dynamic registers are read only. Now let's look at data protection. We are going to do some example in data protection. Let's use the ST25DV data protection mechanism in a real-life application. We will create a business card that has two identities. One public and the other is secret. While the clock hands slash Superman is for illustrative. Real-life example can mean secret data of the product covering things like operational history, life cycles, etc. Information that is useful for the manufacturers but not essential for the final user. We will create two memory areas. Area 1 will be read only and area 2 can be read only if a password is presented. Using the ST25DV discovery board click on the ST25DV icon and when another menu opens up click on area button. Here you can see that there are two areas. One is read only and the other is no access unless password one is presented. Now use the ST25R3911B reader board and the GUI software. Click on ST25 tag editor button. Under ISO 15693 tab and dynamic tags choose ST25DV04K and select EE Prom tab. First set RF block from 40 to 40F hex. Then click read single block. You will see that memory blocks from 40 to 47 can be read but memory blocks from 48 to 4F cannot. Let's access that secret data by presenting RF password one which is all zero by default. Click on password tab and in the password number box click password one and then click present password. This action opens up a dialog box so that you can complete step 4 and step 5. Now complete the read single block command with RF blocks from 40 to 4F hex. And you will see that data in those blocks are now visible. Next we are going to look at the GPO. The GPO is used to wake up I2C host. 7 RF events can be gated. The microcontroller determines what type of event is triggered by reading the IT STS dynamic register. You can also disable the GPO output via the microcontroller to prevent unwanted wake up. The RF reader also can drive the GPO pin level directly. There are two flavors of GPO and availability is based on certain version of devices. Part number that ends with IE supports open drain GPO. Active low and a pull up register is needed. Here power consumption depends on register values and voltage used. Part number that ends with JF supports CMOS GPO. Active high with VDCG supply. This is also the 12 pin package. The advantage of this version is power consumption which can be less than 100 nano amp. In this diagram the RF field detection feature is one of the features which are supported by the GPO pin. In open drain configuration an active low pulse is seen when the field is on and another active low pulse is seen when the field is off. Being able to detect the removal of the RF is also important. The microcontroller can output a by message and then go to standby mode. To set the GPO for interrupts such as field detection you need to configure either static or dynamic registers. Please refer to the datasheet for setting other interrupts features. Let's go through some exercise with the SD25DV GPO feature. We are going to observe the effect when RF interrupts, RF activity and RF field detections are active. We will start from the main GUI window. Click on ISO 15693 tab and subsequently the configuration button. The RF field will be turned on. You can see visually by a blue transmitter LED on the SD25R3911B discovery board. On the SD25DV discovery board, tap on SD25DV button and then the RF GPO button. At this point the board will put out a message saying that it is waiting for a source of RF interruption. Move the reader board so that it is within proximity of the SD25DV discovery antenna. Move in and out of the field until you see a pattern of triggering effect as registers, as field on and off counts. Also notice the distance at which you will see a detection. Now make sure the reader and tags are in RF connection. Click on ISO 15693 and configuration so that you can see that the RF field is on like we had before. We then proceed to put in the managed GPO command with the RF interrupt value. Enter the value in the box and click send receive button. You will see that the board detects the GPO manipulation command coming from the reader. Now we are going to look at interface arbitration. It is important to understand the arbitration between RF and I2C in the SD25DV. First access is exclusive and works on a first come first serve basis. When I2C is busy, RF cannot access. It spends the time from the I2C start to I2C start. Responses are different though. Address, RF request, inventory, stay quiet, select, and reset to ready command are not answered. All the RF commands are answered with error code 0F. When RF is busy, it spends the time from RF request start of frame to answer end of frame.


Sit down and talk to your viewers. Hi, so my name is Harit. Today I'll be presenting on Coordinator. There's nothing too technical, so I just really hope you guys can see better, relax, and really just enjoy the presentation. OK, so I think before we really dive into Coordinator properly and try to understand what Coordinator is, it's very important that we try to understand what kind of problem we are trying to solve. And yes, it's our two familiar problems, the massive field controller problem. You see, field controller is a central part of iOS programming and it's such a convenient place for us to put almost any kind of responsibility into it, such as UI codes, networking codes, persistence, storage codes, and navigation codes on any other kind of codes you can name it, you can put into it. Such that sometimes, or rather, more often than not, our field controllers can balloon up to a size that becomes very recognizable later on. If such convenience is not handled properly. So let's say you have done a subproject and half a year later, you need to go back to that particular project and look at a particular field controller. And before you click that field controller file, your heart seems, you're like, I don't want to open that particular field control file. Most of the years, you have that MVC problem. Because deep down, you know that the codes there are messy. The responsibilities of the codes are so tangled up that in order for you to understand the things you have written again, you need to spend a substantial amount of time on it. And it's agonizing as best. So in order to solve this architectural problem that arises from MVC, which now stands for Model View Controller, a lot of people believe that a new architecture actually is needed. That's debatable, but that's not a topic of the day. So over the past years, I think since 2015, a lot of people have been coming up with architectures to try to solve the MVC problem. And some of the famous architectures are namely Viper, MVVM, and Redux. So despite the fact you have all those kinds of different architectures, they all have the same goal. And that is to actually dedicate the responsibilities away from view controllers to somewhere else. And in hope by doing so, try to elevate the clarity of your app. So if you think about MVVM, what it does is not really, what it does is that it tries to dedicate the responsibilities of model processing to another file. If you look at Redux, it's the same thing. It tries to dedicate the responsibilities of state preservation, state modification to another file. And our coordinator is doing the exact same. It's just that he's focusing on the transitioning parts of the app. And then the coordinator actually was introduced by this guy called the Soros Conlow. Hopefully I pronounced his name correctly in 2015. And the idea actually was taken from this book called the Patterns of Enterprise Advocation Architecture, if anybody's interested. So like I said, the idea of our coordinator is simple. It rigs a view controller or its responsibilities in dealing with transitioning codes. And move these transitioning codes to a parent class or a helper class. Now, that sounds actually pretty good. But I think that before we really adopt any solution to our current problem, it's very important that we think about is such a solution necessary. You see, changes don't come for free. Whenever a new architecture or any kind of solution is introduced, a lot of times we end up writing a lot more codes. We end up creating a lot more files. And we need to do a lot more logic thinking in order to just maintain the original functional relationships. And in order to evaluate this question of, is it necessary? I think, personally, I always look at two aspects. First, is the problem serious enough? Second, is the solution elegant enough? So for today, we're going to just, for today, we're going to look at the problem first. And so in order to demonstrate the problem, I have created an app called the Pokemon app. So this app is pretty simple. First, you have four view controllers, basically the first view controller, second view controller, Pokemon detail view controller, and second view controllers. So this is a flowchart. So whenever first view controller will be a main view controller, so whenever you go to the second view controller, if the user is not logging, you will actually go to login view controller. If the login is failed, you will go back to first view controller. If the login is successful, it goes back to second view controller. And if you tap a list of Pokemons on second view controllers, you will go to Pokemon detail view controllers. I know that sounds abstract, so I'm going to show you the example. And my computer is really slow, yeah. Okay, so this is like the first view controller. And if you go to second view controller because you haven't logged in, it will prompt you to log in view controller. I press cancel, it's failed, it goes back to first view controller, all right? But let's say you go to the second view controller, and you press login, then a list of Pokemons will be shown up. And then if you choose a Charizard, and you can sort of like, scroll, read the Charizard and stuff, and you can favorite it, things like that. And just to run this thing again. So that's basically the flow, but there's another feature of this app. So I just want to show you, so you can understand that the flow more clearly. I shouldn't have... So the same thing, you can be a Pokemon here, right? You can be an Eve, you can be a Pikachu, but let's say you are not logging, all right? You will just ask you not logging. But let's say now cancel, you will go back. But let's say now you log in, you will log in, and then automatically go to that, all right? So this is the, so-called the flow of it. So I just hope you guys are okay with it. So let's say we really sort of understand the flow of this app. And then we realize that second view controller actually is a central part of dealing with almost anything, right? So what do we need? What kind of, let's say we are trying to do a direct navigational or transitioning codes. What do we need? So there are three things we need, which are called the three UI view controller delegates, right? First, we need a first view control delegate to pass a selected Pokemon to the second view controller, correct? Second, we need a login view controller delegate to actually pass the login status back to the second view controller, right? And then we have the Pokemon details view control delegate to actually pass the favorite or unfavorite data back to the second view controller, right? So now let's look at the code for a little. So you see that, let's say we go to the view controller, so I define a delegate and then there's a lot of explanations, but we don't really need to go to the details and we have a delegate, all right, to actually sort of say that, all right, to send things over. With that, we go to login view controller. We will have this, whether the user has ever logged in or not, this particular protocol. I believe that people are familiar with UI view controller delegates, right? So we also have this Pokemon view controller to tell second view controller whether we have favorite or unfavorite anything. Now, if we go back to the second view controller, because like I said, second view controller is like the central thing of possessing all the data. So it needs to be the delegate of the three view controllers. Now, if you look at the code, right, right here, like I said, I sort of put the mark so that there's too much creation codes, right? So you need to do a lot of things to actually do the notifications, right? You need to create the view controller. You need to make sure that the delegate is passed. So this is it, I'm gonna go through the codes, but yeah. But if you look at it, right, for second view controller, this is almost more than half of what an entire view controller has, correct? It's a lot of codes, actually. So now we look at what, so now let's do an evaluation. So what are the pros of using UI view controller delegates to do such a work? First, they are very robust, right, they work. I mean, it's developed by Apple people, right? But now we look at the cons. One of the cons is that it's relatively massive, like I've shown you, you're almost occupied, like half of the view controller. Second, it can be a little bit hard to make sense of. Now, you will see that in order to maintain this relationship, for example, when we go to add delegate, we need to sort of set up the second view controller as a delegate of view controller. You will see that a lot of these codes are actually scattered around.  You need to go to multiple view controller in order to understand how everything works. But actually that is not such a big issue. Another one is that despite the fact that we don't really understand how these things work, but I'm just gonna tell you how it works. That there are certain responsibilities here that I actually tangled up. That if you try to evaluate it, there may be some difficulties, and you may spend some time on it, but it's not that difficult because this is a very simple app. Now, the last thing, which I think is the most important thing is that it's rigid. Why do I say that? So now imagine that in this particular app, you wanna add a third tab, let's call it third tab. Now, instead of Pokemons, I want you to choose the trainers. Now, how would you do it? Just in terms of transitioning. You will need to write for that particular view controller. You need to write another delegate function just for it because in the currently you are not, because now you no longer pass Pokemon data. You are passing a trainer data to the third tab. So we need to write almost everything here all over again on the third view controller. Now the second thing that I think is rigid and I want my biggest frustration is that what if somebody comes to law and tells you, hey, I schooled up, and I think that the flow is not right. I want to change the entire flow. Now what would you do? Now you need to go to almost every places to sort of delete all those codes and make sure that those codes don't interrupt the new codes. And you need to redefine all the delegates and do all these things all over again. Now that is a big hassle, right? So that's the reason why sort of I adopt coordinators. So what are coordinators? Let's say for every app, right? Actually in the system, in the system they all maintain a set of view controllers references. Now for example, let's say you do push pod dismiss. Actually you are talking to the sort of the invisible set of view controller references. But you cannot really fully manipulate because there are sort of hidden from you. So coordinators' idea is very simple. It's not maintain a set of view controller references ourselves. And then we manipulate the transition from this set of view controller references instead of the system set, right? So these allow us to actually the freedom and control over all how the transitions work, okay? Before I really move on to show you another demo app, I just want to say that the original implementation of coordinator by Soros kind of a little bit, it can be a little bit complicated. And there are some very tricky problems to solve along the way. And I have been using it so I know that it's kind of quite a lot of work. I'm going to just show you a demo app like this. So like I said, the original idea is that it to create a parent class. So you see that I have a main view controller, right? Okay? So now I need to create a one to one main coordinator. So it job actually does is that it coordinates the navigations along, right? But then you will have a lot of codes. Now you have to maintain this entire module yourself. But then the good thing is what? Let's say you go to main view controller. This is the only navigation codes you need to worry about. But still I think that something can be improved. So as I, before that, so if anybody is kind of interested in the original implementation, you can go to this, just search for coordinator medium. You will know this guy and then he has a farer tutorial on it. So if you guys are interested, you can go back to the original implementation and then sort of see what are the concept pros. Actually, I was quite tempted to show you guys as an example of this, but I think that evaluation of coordinators and then going through will take more than half an hour. So if you guys are interested in this program. So what I'm going to show you today actually is my own implementation of coordinators. Because like I said, I've been using coordinators and I feel that it's a hassle. So I thought I wonder if I write something for myself. So today I want to show you just, yeah, so I say that. So I'm going to show these. So first of all, we run the app. So just make sure that everything works, okay? Now, if I get the second view controller, pop star, I cancel, goes back, log in, favorite, come back. I'm not going to show much, but we all know that it works, right? So yeah, so now let's look at the codes. So actually, I really as a library, yeah. So if you guys are interested, you guys can actually take a look at this. The library that I've written, but so I'm going to go through about how those things are and how simpler you actually make my app works. So first of all, you need to define these things called the scenes, all right? So you need to sort of define all your view controllers. Now you're making an enum. Now you can have multiple on Storybot because I only have one Storybot command. So I just have a Storybot. And you need to return what's the Storybot's name and then just need to return the view controllers type. That's about it. Of course, you need to also name your view controller the same name as your view controller class in order for it to work. So just to show you, yeah. So the, okay, not this one. So you need to name it the same as the class and that's all. So now let's look at the codes. So now if you go to the app delegate, right? You'll realize that we don't need all these anymore, right? It's clean, we don't need those things. Now if you go to first view controller, you realize that we don't need those protocol delegates anymore, right? We don't need them. And then if you go down here, we don't need these things anymore. I will explain it a little more but just to delete something here. And you go to view controller, same thing. You don't need the delegate anymore so we can delete all these.  You don't need this anymore. So I have a habit of defining things. For example, now what you can do, basically this class called sync coordinator class, all right? So this is the only line of code you need to pass the data around and then sort of to perform certain functionality. And then for me personally, whenever I develop an app, I usually like to define the transitions as an enum in the view controller class. So and then you will have an execute function which is to call this particular line and then execute. So let's say now I wanna go to my second view controller. All I need is just one piece of one here, right? Just one single line and then it will perform that transition for me. I don't need to care about any other things. Sync here, now the transitions here because it's a pop to previous, right? Because we do a push and we pop to previous. So this sync coordinator because we need to know like which view controller we are popping to. So we need to put the main because in the main we have all defined the view controllers that we know, right? So you sort of like you can pop to the previous. Now second with a same with a login view controller. I just like to define this and then just call it. Now the thing comes here is about the second view controller, right? Now you see all those codes, right? That we initially have all these codes, right? We no longer need it, right? We don't want to need it. So we don't need this as well. No transitioning codes, just one line of it. And then that's almost as much as your view controller is about like 100 something lines. And then if you look at these, these are the two functions that I sort of defined. You see, so whenever you are trying to pass a data, now if the operation is push, present or tap, right? And you try to pass a data, this function will be called. This function is called will move to interface. That means that whenever somebody sort of instructs me to actually appear on the interface, this function will be, this particular function will be called and then you can process the data in it. Now another one is this, which is called a POT, POT Disney's functions. This one is called, whenever let's say you do a POT or Disney's function and you want to pass a data back and then you can just do this. Yeah. So basically reduce almost all the, you don't need all, you don't need view controller delegates anymore. You just do a very simple thing here. And then the logic is a lot cleaner. Yep. So yeah. Oh, just one thing. For anybody who is sort of like trying to look out for the, like the library or something. Because I've been rather busy, so I wrote it pretty short. So there are two problems. First is that it's the same as coordinator. The moment you use it, you have to stick with it, right? You cannot use your normal transitioning codes. Like I say, we maintain our own step of view controllers references. But this can be improved. I have some very dumb way of doing it, but I'm thinking of a more elegant solution. Second thing is that because I wrote it for my own, so my admin has type R view controller and then navigational controller. So currently this one only supports type R view controller and navigational controller. So when I free, I will add the speed view controller and then the page controller which has been introduced in 3 to 4.0. But the main idea for me is not to actually sell the things I wrote. But the main idea is to tell you guys an idea of doing things. So you guys can look at the codes and then develop your own. I think the only cause of using this service is that because it developed by me. So it's not that flexible. But if you guys understand the logic behind, you develop your own kind of coordinator and then everything would just be really, really short. Okay? So that's all if there's any questions? Yeah. Yeah, so thanks for presenting. You can go back to your source code. Yeah. Which one? So like we are most interested in this. Is it defined in the super class? No, actually it's a protocol. No, it's an extension. So it's defined. So because in the underlying coordinator, we call it ourselves. So you don't need to worry about it. You just know that whenever, let's say, let's say in this case where first few controller, every time you try to pass a data, this time you are trying to pass a Pokemon data. The moment you try to pass a Pokemon data because it's a tag select operation, you just come here, you know that because it's tag operation, we'll move to interface. I know the naming is a bit bad, but I'm bad with names. Where is the part where you call your move to interface? It's called automatically. You don't need to care about it. Okay, but it's called before 50 look. All right. It's there like the code which calls it. Oh, the code that calls it. The condition which calls is function in every controller. Okay, then we have to go to the parts. Yeah. So this is the place you call things. The logic, I make it such that it's called before 50 look.  Let me see, for example, this one local variable to sort of contain it so that whenever let's say, whenever few appears then you load it. But the cool things about this is that if you look at this, right, all of your controllers are isolated. They don't really talk to each other anymore. So you see all the property, let's say for this pre-selected Pokemon, right? Now, let's say you go to this example. No, not this one. Okay. Oh, that's the other code. Yeah, I think I change it. But anyway, the main point is that all of your controllers are actually isolated. So you can put almost all, because let's say you wanna pass this particular Pokemon to this guy, right? Let's say for another few controller, correct? You normally need to make it accessible. This is something that we don't want, because we don't want coupling between view controllers, correct? We want them to decouple. But you get this approach, you can sort of make it private, and then you still be able to attain it, data. These two view, these two methods is just like the under tunnel. So they pass the data under tunnel. Nobody can notice it. Any more questions? Yeah. You have multiple coordinators, right? Yes. No, you cannot have multiple coordinators. You only can have multiple scenes, because the coordinator, like I say, right? The original implementation is that every, like there's only, that there will be multiple coordinators coordinating something, correct? So I have like, I have a, let me assure this as an example, right? So I have a main view coordinator. So his job is simple. I only coordinate main view controller. If I may be able to go to, let's say currency lease coordinator, this is my job. I take care of it, correct? So there will be multiple view coordinators because you need to take care of every view controller. But in the sort of the method I wrote, what I do is that, I think that there is very trouble, so you need to maintain the entire thing. So what I do is that I have this central coordinator, just one guy. He does all the coordinating for you. Yes, but that's a more integrated, suppose there are two applications in the application, where they run in a different mode when dependent on the user. Okay, for example, let's say, give me an example that you will need a multiple coordinator. So I want to combine a finance app and a model of applications together. But I don't want to change, they are already coordinated designs. So for the design one application, we have one coordinator, and then another application one coordinator. Now I want to merge both of them into simple applications. Can I use those, do I need to create a single coordinator again? No. You don't need to, like for this one, the modified one set. Actually, have you finished? I'll show you, you may continue. Sorry for the time. It's the same reason. Two applications, we have two coordinators, each single one. Now I want to combine them together. Now, should I create a new coordinator from the beginning? Just for that, because I want to merge those two applications together, or should I just use two coordinators and then create one more, like any coordinator and then merge together? Okay, the idea is this, right? Now let's say you look at the code, so you will see that actually there's no coordinator creation. Do you get what I mean? So let's say, okay, we are not talking about the library, let's say we just talk about the underlying idea of creating a stack, correct? So now let's say you want to merge two apps, have two different coordinators, right? Now let's say you have sort of instructed the original coordinator, let's say first we control the coordinator, to be able to coordinate all kinds of data, and then the second guy has all the conforming data. Then yes, you only need one coordinator. Like I said, for example, this is the only thing, right? See, this is the only thing that you need to define. This is the only data required. Is it the only one application? Yes, then you need to, Oh, you just need to say that in another scene. That's it. If I understand your question correct, then you can define anything. Like I said, you see the story bundle here normally returns Neo, right? Because usually we just use our own story bundle in app. We don't use some, but you can define some other story bundle you want. The coordinator will still work. But of course, let's say you just implemented the idea yourself, and then they are somewhat different. Then you need to coordinate yourself, because you cannot put two incompatible data together. But then the idea is that, yes, if you want to merge them, right? One coordinator is enough. No matter how big you want to merge them. But like I said, there's nothing comfortable for you. You need to look at how you architect your app, and all other factors in order to decide how you want to reflect the things. Is that okay? Any more questions? Yeah. Does your coordinator know something about your IT or is something that is kind of certain for you? I guess it deals with view controllers. So yeah, it's actually, it's dependent on your IT. Do you think is it a problem of your solution or not? Actually, I was thinking about it. Maybe we can do it using the memory, the unsafe pointer to actually find the location of view controller and install it that way rather than using a view controller and stuff. But not really, because this app also helps creation of view controller. For example, let's say, let's say, let's say here, right? For example, let's say here, I say that's in coordinator, right? Now I want to coordinate it to some view controller in the main storyboard. And then I can present, let's say, I can present a native bar together with it. That means that you don't need to create a native bar. No, normally you need to create a native bar, put the guy as the root view controller, a native bar, then we present it, right? But in this case, you don't. And for the convenience of it, I created something like that. So yeah, it will be dependent on UIKit. Is it a problem? As long as UIKit doesn't screw up, I think that it isn't a problem. Yeah, any more questions? Yeah, how would you use this pattern to create, to use deep linking into the application? So for example, if you want to open a notebook, or in this case, a Pokemon P-June, and the name of the Pokemon, do you think it's usable for that? It's usable for that, but I don't want to give anything that is uncertain. I haven't really created a big app, or a medium-sized app in order for me to test out all the things. For example, when I create this Pokemon app, actually I found that there was some problem and I fixed along the way. So deep linking, I haven't really tried yet, but I think that it's usable. Because all you need to really care is about is this function in yourself, right?  So it is possible, but you will need more tests. Like for me, I usually like to create a bigger app in order for me to test the feasibility of the thing. So I can't really answer you for certain, but the possibility is there. Okay, so. If you're still interested, can you ask me later?


What's up everybody? My name is Alexandra and you are watching Hungry Jen's Next Car Giveaway. Our lucky recipient will be receiving a 2015 Ford Focus. With only 15,000 miles on it, it has a beautiful red candy apple exterior. It's sure going to make some heads turn. On behalf of Hungry Jen, we want to give a special shout out to everyone who contributed to this wonderful gift. Because of you, we are able to bless those in need. So thanks again and we'll see you soon. I'm excited to give this away. Can we please put our hands together for Victoria. Victoria, it is a privilege to give this to you. These keys are for you. May you be blessed. Oh yeah, okay. Let's put our hands together. Here you go. These keys are for you. Just come right up here. How are you feeling, Victoria? I'm in shock. Victoria, can you tell us how long have you been needing a car? For a little while now. The funny thing is the radiator just started leaking.  And so now I have like my radiator was leaking. We have no AC.  I've just been praying. Well, it shows you that God's timing is perfect. Amen. Amen. Alright, thank you so much. We're so happy for you. May you be blessed with this car.


Dear students, in this topic we shall discuss about the vertebrate lungs. The terrestrial vertebrates use a pair of lungs to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment. Lungs are found in most amphibians except few ones. They are found in all reptiles, all birds, and all mammals. We shall discuss about the basic plan of vertebrate lung. Although there are considerable variations among the four groups of vertebrates, the generalized structure of lung consists of a complex network of tubes and airspaces are sex. The number of airspaces per unit volume becomes progressively greater in the evolutionary order. Amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. The number of airspaces per unit volume is the lowest among the amphibians, the most among reptiles, and the most among mammals is found in the gas exchange. The size of these terminal airspaces becomes smaller in the same order. The size of the airspaces in the amphibians is greater, while the size of the mammals is smaller. These terminal airspaces make the respiratory epithelium of the lung thin and vascularized. These airspaces make the respiratory epithelium of the lung thin and vascularized. Dear students, we shall discuss the lungs of all these four classes of vertebrates one by one. We are going to discuss amphibian lungs first. The lungs of amphibians vary in complexity. The lungs of the urodeals are just like a smooth walled pouch. This is a pouch with a smooth walled pouch and a bag-like and empty pouch. There is only air sex on the wall with the gas exchange. The frogs and toads in this pouch have balloon-like lungs. There are septa and folds in these lungs that subdivide these lungs into interconnected air sex. Through this, the gas exchange is comparatively better than a bag-like pouch. Dear students, the lungs of reptiles are sponge-like. They have sponge-like texture. If we take out any reptile's lung and touch it, we will feel it as if we have caught a sponge. Each reptilian lung has a single bronchus which runs down the centre of the lung. Usually, the bronchus is divided into lungs and mammals after entering the lung. However, they have single bronchus that comes to the centre of the lung, to the middle of the lung, or goes further than this. Each bronchus makes branches and from these branches, individual pockets are present that go to the lungs. These pockets have a gas exchange. These are the surfaces where the gas exchange occurs. These pockets are similar to the alveoli in mammals. However, these pockets of reptiles are much larger and fewer in number as compared to those of mammals. Now, we shall discuss the mammalian lungs. Mammalian lungs are more subdivided to increase the respiratory surface area. They branch repeatedly to terminal bronchioles and these terminal bronchioles divide to finally form the respiratory bronchioles. Each respiratory bronchiole is attached to an alveolar duct with a cluster of alveolar sacs which make respiratory epithelium and from which the gas exchange occurs. Dear students, the lungs of birds are relatively smaller in size and they are connected to seven or nine air sacs which extend much of the body. The size of the lungs is small but depending on the species of birds, the seven or nine air sacs are attached which extend to the body in various parts and even bones. Air sacs may be connected to air spaces within the bones. The lungs of birds are slightly different. They do not have alveoli but they contain millions of parabronchi. These parabronchi are tiny, parallel, tube-like passages. These are the sites of gas exchange in birds. This system in birds enables them to remove 90% of oxygen from the air with each breath. They can remove only 25% of oxygen from the air once breathed.


Different mechanisms in cancer cells become resistant to one or more chemotherapeutics due to multi-drug resistance, MDR. This hinders chemotherapy efficacy. Factors contributing to MDR include enhanced drug detoxification, decreased drug uptake, increased intracellular nucleophiles levels, enhanced repair of drug-induced DNA damage, over expression of drug transporters such as P-glycoprotein, PGP, multi-drug resistance associated proteins, MRP1, MRP2, and breast cancer resistance protein, BCRP. Currently, nano-assemblies such as polymeric slash solid lipid slash inorganic slash metal nanoparticles, quantum dots, dendrimers, liposomes, micelles have emerged as an innovative, effective and promising platforms for treatment of drug-resistant cancer cells. Nanocarriers have potential to improve drug therapeutic index, ability for multifunctionality, divert ABC transporter mediated drug e-flux mechanism and selective targeting to tumor cells, cancer stem cells, tumor initiating cells or cancer microenvironment. Select. This article was authored by Sonali Ekap's mystery, Theramanlai Govinder, Rohit Ishervastava, and others.


Hey guys, welcome back to coming in TV the only place on YouTube. We're all geek culture collides I'm Shannon and today on the show. We're taking a look at the most powerful man in the universe He-Man This is the new vintage figure line from super seven As seen on TV. You see it looks just like the retro packaging From what I remember and from what I've seen from John's collection Because he's got almost the entire collection of the old-school masters universe still in their packages. I Ordered this off of big bad toy store Along with three others which we'll get to in another video a couple other videos actually But today let's go ahead and just take a look at He-Man as You can see here new adult collector masters universe He-Man the most powerful man in the universe as seen on TV from super seven and As you can tell this is unpunched and on the back here we have Lola Little fight scene between He-Man and Skeletor there. He-Man battles his immortal enemy Skeletor High atop the mysterious castle grayskull Super seven dot-com master's universe five and a half inch action figures 13.97 centimeters collect them all each sold separately. We have the heroic warriors here He-Man The most powerful man in the universe she wrote the most powerful woman in the universe The evil warriors Skeletor the evil lord of destruction From the evil horde hordak Ruthless leader of the evil horde and the powers of grayskull hero the most powerful wizard in the universe and Eldor heroic guardian of the book of living spells As you can see here He-Man does have an action feature Twist his waist and he swings back with a punch Now let's go and open this guy up and check out the figure All right, so something to be noticed is He-Man Does come halfway in a little plastic bag to protect his legs, I guess so we'll go and take that off We'll stand him up. Let's see if he balances. Well He does not balance that well See if we can figure this out that should do maybe still no hmm. There we go Let's go ahead and lower this down And something else to notice he does come with It's not a comic. It's just a card back masters universe the filmation Design there He-Man in front of castle grayskull changing by the power of grayskull From toy to tune He-Man and the masters of the universe brought action and adventure into living rooms around the world and the fun continued with Exciting masters universe action figures in order to deliver the cartoon series on time the toy designers were simplified for animation So that the figures did not always match the characters children saw on TV until now He-Man's first animated appearance was an early television commercial for castle grayskull The commercials toy accurate look was streamlined and stylized Removing details from his costume and eliminating his battle axe and shield in favor of the iconic power sword Very cool set that off to the side and we also got Baggy of weapons Let's go ahead and take those up and we'll take a look at the weapons That is if of course I can get a torn open right so This He-Man does not come with a power or a battle axe Like the vintage He-Man came with he does come with his shield and The shield does come apart I saw that I believe I saw that on pixel Dan's channel that it came apart so Now just trying to put it back together There we go just snaps back together. You got to make sure and line up the smaller holes Correctly, and then the rest of it will just pop into place It also comes with half of the power sword just like the vintage figure did And it comes with a full power sword Very cool. These are a little bit harder plastic than the originals From what I remember the plastic for the originals was kind of soft really a very flimsy But these are pretty hot pretty solid Now let's go ahead and Take a look at He-Man As you can tell some of the main differences Between this He-Man and the original action figure is the hairstyle for one He does not have the rubber Or soft plastic head. It is a solid head. He's a little bit shinier, and he does not have the The little squares on his power harness Other than that. Oh also his bracelets In the original line only half of the bracelets were colored and they had Circles on them similar to his power belt here but this line Just very solid looks just like the cartoon except the cartoon Did not have a design on the belt looks like so Now that we got that away this leg Is a little bit looser than this one this one's a little bit more solid, and I think the original line The legs were held together by a rubber band. I do believe I could be wrong It's been years since I've had a He-Man figure That one's really tight. I do not want to try and bend that Very tight I might break that if I tried this one is a lot looser, but this one Yeah, I'm not even gonna try to bend that to a Break that joint free Because I might end up breaking the leg But anyway, his arm goes all arms go all the way around His head spins all the way around He turns at the waist which is part of his action feature Yeah, and that's a very solid action feature Anyway, you saw the legs go out and they got a joint right there Right there then go out about that far if it's not stiff It looks like also the power harness can also come off Now we go ahead and Slip his shield well The shield has similar Problem as the original it doesn't like to slip over that hand quite as well But as you can see I did manage to get it Now we'll go ahead and put the power sword in his hand. I really like this. I really like this figure Like I said, it's been forever since I've Had a He-Man figure The closest thing I've gotten was Cyclone from the 2000 X series I Used to have the majority of the He-Man action figures as a kid But you know over the years they get lost in moves and some of them got left behind some of them broke You know it is what is that's what happens when you grow up, but it's very cool that Super 7 is doing this line now I'm really excited I do plan on getting the other lines I'll get Hopefully I'll get Hiro and Eldor Later maybe in the next couple months, and then I'll get series 2 Later this summer So I hope you guys enjoyed this video. Stay tuned next time when we take a look at Super 7's Skeletor Have a good one everyone take care If you enjoyed that video make sure you hit the subscribe button right there So you can stay up to date on all things geek culture Also, make sure you check out one of these two playlists on the side for more videos Just like the one you just watched I'm Shannon for coming getting TV the only place on YouTube.


Okay, hello and welcome and I've got with me a special guest today We get a lot of questions here at Amphi trading about trading options And I wanted to get a specialist on and I can't think of anyone better for that job than Imran. So hello Imran. How are you doing? Yeah, good good I'm excited to have you with us because I know that you have spent a career Essentially working in this space. So why don't you just introduce yourself and give the guys a bit of a backstory of how you arrived here options insight Right. Thanks Yes, and my name is Imran Laka. I've been a trader for around 20 years. I started my career In you know, the big investment banks so credit Swiss Back in 2001 a long time ago Then I went to Merrill Lynch Traded through the financial crisis over there in 2008 And then spent a bit of time at Citibank running their index grouping index desk over there I had a short stint at the buy side as well Bluecrest capital and now I run my own training firm where I teach investors asset managers Pretty much whoever wants to how to utilize options to improve their trading in this management Okay, great. I mean look very illustrious background. So it's great to have you with us and Yeah, I'm just interested to know then and I want to accommodate every one of different levels of expertise I know obviously that a lot of our US community a little bit more familiar perhaps with options Particularly in the equity space, but I think for 2020. It's obviously been a pretty exceptional year But I know having spoken to you before you were talking about how its Options has provided a unique opportunity in a certain sense Different to say outright positions or the futures market Yeah, so I mean, it's been a crazy year clearly some some very wild moves happening in all asset classes and the thing that really struck me was that Usually you get maybe One or two occurrences a year where you get to use options and they give you crazy payouts of you know More than 10 to 1 so you might spend X amount of premium on option and the payout will be 10 times what we paid But I mean the the richest thing about this year has been there's been probably 100 to 1 payouts on options and it's happened for you know Probably five times from just what I can remember and what sort of stuff I've been trading and looking at But so that's what makes this this makes this year really unique And and I I took a bit of a step back myself from trading Probably two years ago, and I was compelled to start trading again this year because Once I saw what was happening in February and the tail risk that was emerging in coronavirus I was like I said to my wife and said, you know what I think I'm gonna have to put my trading hat back on because You don't get opportunities like this every year. They were like more like once in a decade type of opportunities So that's why I did in March and I kind of put my trading hat back on Sat in front of the screen every day and just had fun actually and I know it sounds a bit weird But for options traders volatile markets are a dream and you know once you know how to utilize them It makes your trading much more interesting exciting and dynamic Well, I mean I'd love to get down into a little bit more the detail of examples, but perhaps before doing that a Little bit of just understanding about some basic option Concepts would be would be great for everyone. I think sure. Yeah, okay Well, I'll I'll share a couple of sort of slides and we'll just go through the basic options that exist so the two most basic options that exist they call vanilla options and they are called calls and puts and You can see the slide up here. So that's a call option, right? So what is a call option? It is the right but not the obligation to buy an underlying asset, you know, which is let's call it a stock Or an index or a commodity whatever it may be at a fixed price Which is called the strike price at a given maturity. It's called an maturity day So so unlike trading futures or stocks, which are just sort of linear payoffs Where you buy it if it goes up You're making money if it goes down with losing money and it's one for one in terms of, you know, how much you make or lose Look, these are non-linear payoffs, right? Because you don't have to buy it So you've got the option to buy it if for example this this thing is a hundred this stock is a hundred If you buy a call option struck at a hundred You have the option to buy that stock at a hundred But if the stock goes down and it's cheaper than a hundred at expiry date You don't have to buy it, which is why the payoff doesn't actually go below zero If you look at the blue payoff that that kind of hockey stick as it's known as that doesn't go below zero when the stock price is below a hundred And if it's above a hundred then you will the payoff will be the same as had you bought it at a hundred Now to have this amazing payoff where you can't lose any money Obviously you have to pay a premium, right? And that's that's the thing about options like they do they do cost you something to have them Otherwise, you know wouldn't make any sense like I was going to give you that asymmetric payoff for free and the premium that you pay in this case I've said the premium of that call option is five and in this case you pay five So the true P and L of that position if you were to put that trade on pay five for that option at Expiry if you kept the option all the way till expiry then depending on where spot is your P and L would be the green line So that's why you shift that payoff down by the premium And so that's that's a call option, you know, which is the option to buy the underlying But the good thing is you can also have options to sell the underlying and these are put options very very commonly used in the options world and Same story. They're just the mirror image So this time, you know, I've got an example of being able to sell the underlying at 100 You have to pay a premium again, which is why the green P and L line is shifted down These are bearish positions, right? So if I was to buy a put option that I'm bearish on the asset I think it's going down and that's where my payoffs going to come from And these are used usually as some form of insurance, right? Because the general sort of investor community is long exposure to let's say equities or wherever and They might be a bit nervous about the macro landscape They might want to protect themselves and they're willing to pay that premium for the put option as like an insurance premium And if the market then was to go down, it might be losing on their asset portfolio But their puts are actually increasing in value and providing them some protection, right? So as a very that's the most common use of options as protection to a portfolio So those are the basic kind of payoffs and what options are Okay, well that is the Yeah, so what one of the yeah, these are the benefits then that you I can see you've got out Benefits and risks I guess So the next source slide just talks about why do you use options? And so the major benefit of using option and this applies particularly for retail people is that you get you get great leverage Right, so you might not have loads of money to play with But if you you can spend that small amount of premium and if you happen to catch a move in the market Then that premium can multiply by 10 20 even a hundred if you get really lucky, right? So, you know in the in the case of You know recent times in March or February Let's say had you spotted what was going on in China and you thought, you know, this is a terrorist to the market We could really this could get out of control You know, you could have bought S&P pot options for pittance, right? And within the space of three or four weeks, you know, they had multiplied by a hundred which is crazy Right, but that's what you could do. Yeah The good thing also is that when you spend a premium and that's it You know, you can't lose more than the premium we spend So whereas, you know in trading you have to think a lot about where to place your stop losses and your risk reward and stuff like that The beauty of options is that they automatically tell you what your risk is. It's the premium that you spend, right? And you know what the expiry of the option is as well.  Yeah, we put our hair out Like how do we avoid that happening and there's there's techniques and ways to do that But options are a great way because you can say, you know, I know I know I can only lose X But you know, I've got this trade on for three months It's got plenty of time for my view to play out and it's quite a nice way of sort of managing your risk And I'll put lottery tickets there as well And then you can you can trade very very far out of the money options Which means that the strike price is so far away that the premium of the option is really next to nothing And you can consider these a lottery tickets basically. So if you were to You know get some random tail event happen, for example, silver was a good example recently when silver started breaking out you know You could have had some really like 30% out of the money call options which were priced very low And you know, you saw a 40% move in the matter of weeks in silver Yeah, was there something similar happening with tesla when tesla what about months two months ago was shooting higher and I saw some crazy calls In terms of option plays going Um at the time they were I thought ridiculous for yeah, that's right. I remember which strike were they buying is it was um I think it was like a one week two thousand strikes I don't think those options paid out in tesla the ones that you're talking about but yeah people exactly That's what people are doing but they're looking for those lottery tickets because they're thinking This is the type of stock that could be up 20% overnight and right You know, I don't have to pay a lot of money to get exposure to that. Yes. The chances are it's not going to make me money That's why it's price cheaply. But you know in the in the year that we are experiencing crazy stuff's happening And those lottery tickets are paying out a lot more It would in a normal year. I mean you've got to be careful. I mean the Paying buying options and buying lottery tickets and and these great payouts. They're very seductive and They make you want to basically buy options every day. Yeah, because what could happen? So you have got to be careful about how often you buy options because they do usually expire worthless, right? That's so the premium does decay You you spend spend x for an option and then over time that premium decays and they do lose their value So you do need to be a bit selective about when you buy options and you know, there are various Ways to figure out whether options are expensive or cheap or worth buying Um, and that's kind of that's about understanding the factors that affect the price of an option such as things like implied volatility And when implied volatility is fairly priced whether it's cheap whether it's expensive that that will deter you from buying For example silver now, right silver trades on a 60s volatility now an implied volume 60 Which you know is is kind of implying that silver is going to move 4% a day roughly And uh, but but a month or two ago silver might have been on a 30 vol which is saying it's implying It's going to move 2% a day, right? So there's a big difference between those two things So, you know, you're going to be much happier about spending premium On optionality that's pricing 2% a day move on an asset because when when the asset does go crazy The market's going to reflect that in the way it prices its options So things like implied volume answering that is there if you're a retail trader How do you get visibility of these types of you do have platforms that are now you a bit of that? So you've got interactive brokers probably the best one Uh, you've got you know, you can trade a whole host of options on there because they just trade directly on the exchanges Um, so it's not cfds. It's actually trading the options on the on their exchanges And they've got some analytics as well. We show you what the vol surface looks like what it's been doing that kind of thing Right, so, um, I think that's the best probably the best platform around to trade options that I'm aware of Okay, so if you were let's say If you were someone completely new to this This arena and you you've never traded options before what's like the general Kind of path of progression that you would recommend for someone coming at it at a retail sense like how You know, you mentioned about obviously you can calculate what are the the better opportunities to be more selective But as you say you can be seduced almost and I'm sure that's the biggest hurdle for a lot of people new to it Is I'm sure they get drawn in because they hear about the media loves to pump it obviously when When it works out well What what would be a controlled or structured way of getting to the point where you can identify with better selection So, I mean I think first of all you need a basic level of education and you need to understand What option payoffs are how option premium behaves all those things Obvious place to learn that is me.  So I don't use I don't use textbooks I don't I don't throw a lot of formulas at you I teach you why the premium is what it is and how it evolves through time and how it evolves through space Like I spot. Yeah, and the consideration is to think about what what options structures make sense in what volatility environment so for example Vols cheap I'm going to buy an outright call option if I'm bullish vols not so cheap I might buy a call spread So I don't spend as much premium and I don't buy as much volatility in a call spread Obviously, I won't go into details And then another option is actually vol super expensive But I'm still bullish or by a call ratio where I'll actually sell volatility But I'll have a bullish payoff profile and I'll have a various expectation of how much the asset can rally Right. So there's all sorts of funky structures. You can do within option space that allow you to take advantage of your Opinion and your view of where vol is versus what it should be and the scenarios of the asset that you're trading Right, so to get a basic level education and then also, you know Once you're an options trader, you know what's going on That doesn't mean that you can predict with precision what the market's going to do every time Right. So what I say to all my students is You know split up your implementation, right? You might be bullish on it on a trade. I'll give you an example Recently euro Threatened to break out on the upside like 19 and a half And you know, there was a half decent likelihood that it was going to go to 125 if it broke, right? So, you know, what did I do? I said, right if it breaks it's got legs to 125 potentially I don't know if it's going to manage it. I don't know if it's going to do it quickly slowly or whatever So I bought some outright spot with a stop at 118 at half Yeah, and then I bought so I decided how much I'd be willing to lose on that delta part of the trade That's a delta one expression. And then I said with the other part of the trade I'm just going to buy some call options that expire in september in a month And I'm going to spend x amount of premium on those so then I've split up my view and my expression But in two different ways one with optionality and one with just straight delta So that's the way to think about it, right? So, you know, you spread your bets in a way that your view is the same But you don't have to implement it in just one form All right, if you if you implement it in a couple of different ways Then you expose yourself to the different scenarios where you know, euro might have had a false break Come back to 118 and off and then gone to 125 over the next three weeks And I would have been grateful that I didn't just do it all in delta I did some in options. Yeah But in in that example, then you would still be I mean, obviously determining the overall origination of the idea is Looking at the global macro environment. Well, what is that? I know the line the actual Technical setup of that particular asset or products in question Yeah, and the vol was cheap, right? The vol was eight and a half Right. So, you know euro fx vol does tend to trade quite low So if you think there's a trend about to If you think there's a break about to happen Usually the implied vol hasn't priced that much for it So because the implied vol trades on the kind of daily expected move, right? Because the person who sells you that option He's going to hedge that option in it and if as long as it doesn't move more than 50 bits every day The option seller won't lose money. But when you buy it, you're not hedging that option You're just buying it spending the premium and then coming back in a month to see where we're at basically, right? So that is the situation where both the seller if it's a steady rally of 50 bits every single day But we get to 125 in two weeks The option seller doesn't care because the volatility hasn't been so great that he's lost money on his on his greek positions, right? On his risk management Whereas the option buyer is done. Okay, because he's run that trend and the option value has just increased as we keep going Yeah, right So there are times where the option expression isn't the right one So another example would be let's say we do get the rally to 125 on euro But it's too slow So the option never really gets in the money Because you might be trading out of the money option 122 strike and it never quite gets there Or doesn't get there fast enough so the premium is just decaying as you go there too slowly Whereas just buying the spot at 119 and a half Is making you money So that's the advantage of splitting your expression and giving yourself a a lot more scenarios And hopefully at least one of them some of that sometimes both of them will work But then you know, you're trying to increase the odds of at least one of them working Yeah, so let me um, I know you have Some some good examples of so far in 2020, but for the for the sake of time if you were to pick one isolated um situation which has Happened so far this year that was Particularly played out well for a setup that you That you foresaw what what what would that situation have been? Is there one that's out in your mind that that was I mean, I think it's probably Probably two there's two to pick out There's um, so once you had the sell-off the original sell-off on corona on the s&p and the broader equity market And then you had that bounce When they cut rates initially in the US So there was a clear setup for me In that and I was putting videos out about this and I was saying that You know, it was for anybody who thought about it. It was obvious that A 50-bit rate cut or whatever they did was not about to change anything, right? They had to do a whole lot more To fix what was about to go down, right? So So for me, it was like I I obviously want to own s&p puts, okay But the problem was, you know, historically owning s&p puts Has been a losing trade the ball had already repriced from let's say the teams to maybe 20 30 kind of levels, right? Because then you don't really have that original shock So I was like, what do you do? So for me, I was convinced that there was no way we were going back Through hot close to the highs on the s&p in the short term, right?  We're going to see all the dominoes falling So the way I traded that in option space was I said, right? I'll buy the s&p puts Struck at 24 2500 and the market was trading at 3000 in a bit. Let's say and I was funding those puts by selling upside calls Which were 32 50 3300 kind of area, right? Because I was super convinced that those calls are never going to go in the money I'll collect premium from those calls and spend that premium on the puts because then if nothing happens And we just kind of chop around trying to figure out what's happening I won't lose any money If we melt down then obviously I go towards my puts and I make loads of money And the only scenario where I really take some pain is if we smash back through 3300 Which was very close to the highs in february And I didn't think that was that was I didn't think I thought that was such a low probability outcome Um to happen so soon after the crisis So I was saying like april and may april and may call options struck in that area basically as my funding leg So that was a great trade and that was a great setup and and it you know, thankfully for me that worked out well Um, and then the other the other probably most obvious one has been the the gold breakout The recent gold breakout, right? So, you know, you've been looking at a price action on gold for the last year It would have its leg up and then it would consolidate for a while Break and it would take another go right and so that price action was it just kept happening It was quite predictable and as long as you're a patient and you wait for that break to happen Then all you had to do was that for example that break of 1850 Unlike the 21st 22nd of july that was that was the break level right? You look you looked at where the where the highs were when it took out around 1820 to 1850 in gold That's your cue to just buy a load of upside calls, right? Because the vol wasn't that expensive The vol was in the high teens, I believe And yeah, you you can buy and I put video out about that actually I think it's on my youtube channel gold and silver breaking out I basically discussed with a group of students What ways could we use to play this gold breakout? And we're saying you could use outright calls You could use call spreads Look at the payoffs. Look at the risk reward Which one do you want to do and what the pros and cons were of each expression basically, but that that was probably one of the easier ones Or late, so I think I think something that people would find valuable in terms of your insight is You know given the way that macro themes tend to be Fairly channeled I guess in a way in that we know as a milestone certain events are happening We have things like a Kind of a tentative Almost early deadline for brexit to be delivered before transition at the end of the year coming october But then let's focus on the u.s. Election. We know when that is happening and we know is that the The corona virus is going to have impede the ability for the immediacy of results to be known And people are already anticipating multiple week delays and that that will probably increase uncertainty Is there anything in preparation of that then that can be done now? And or at what point in the future does that then start to channel a lot of the Options activity just more broadly speaking. Yeah, it's an interesting question I mean The the biggest thing on on the us elections is you know the vix curve has been kinked for the us election for For months now, right and I I put out a little thing on linkedin explaining to my students how You can extract the implied move on the s and p From the kink in vix curve, right? So the last time I looked at it it was kind of implying roughly And there's a crude approximation basically you're making in the assumption that The kink is completely due to one day gap on the election day And without that the curve would be smooth. Okay, so it's a it's a crude assumption But but it gives you a sense for what's being priced So so that was coming in at roughly four and a half five percent move for the election day Versus like every other day being a normal move which might be like 1.3 1.4 percent something like that that the vix was pricing Yeah, so so that's one way of looking at it and monitoring what the bold market believes about the election And the risk attached to the election, right? So you could track that implied move for the last six months and see how much that implied move is moving around People are getting nervous or complacent about the election risk And is the market complacent about the brexit risk? Yeah, I think the problem is the market's just tired of brexit, right? When brexit was first around in 2016 the market wasn't complacent. It was pricing a lot of risk And you know, you know, it was certainly pricing a lot of terror risk And then you saw that on cable moving 20 big figures on the on the day, right? But that was when it was all fresh in our minds and it was oh my god. Oh my god, what's going to happen? This is dragged on for so long now that yeah I think the market has kind of stopped paying attention to an extent and you you look at where cable is 132 It doesn't feel like the market's that nervous about it. I mean for me even even though I'm not looking at options in the same way you are I would say it still forms part of what would be of my opinion of what I think an overall outcome So thinking as like a political strategist, what do I think in that regard? What do I think about then the risk economically for the players involved like europe and the uk I think about all these different things, but That is definitely like what you said the price the help just the actual price of where we're training at 132 is reflective Of the inspector and also you get the options noise start coming out But the fact is so quiet is really quite telling But I think the easiest place to see what the option market is signaling on brexit is to look at the skew Right. So if you look at what the 25 delta risk reversal on cable looks like right where that's been relative to history That gives you a barometer of brexit risk Right. So I don't know where that is. I haven't checked it myself, but that would be the thing to look for Yeah, cool. Well, look, let's um Let's wrap it up there. Um, thank you so much for that that insight. It's just That's a really fascinating area And I'm sure there are some people that that are quite intrigued by this discussion And if so, I will put some details Yeah, you can find all my sort of links twitter youtube my website, etc on the just stick that in the In the comments or whatever it is. Yeah, no problem. No problem at all. So, uh, imran always pleasure take care And now speak soon. Thanks a lot. Anthony


What's up everyone? Take down here. Welcome back to another video. Today I'm going to be sharing with you my gaming setup as of 2021. Let's get right into this. So the reason why I say as of 2021 is because I plan on in the future really soon hopefully moving in with my girlfriends and my gaming setup is going to be changing. Hopefully I can expand it a little bit and make it actually look a little bit more presentable but it looks pretty decent as of right now and I decided to share it with you guys because I've had a lot of people recently ask and request it maybe over the past couple months. I decided to finally sit down and show you guys my gaming setup. So it's been over maybe three years ago I finally went and purchased the PlayStation 2 and that kind of kick started me purchasing other consoles, video games and other things for my gaming setup and everything that I have here that I'm going to be showing you guys today. Some of the stuff you might have seen already on the channel I've done either unboxings for or just showed that I purchased it on the channel. So right now I have the PlayStation 1, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3 inside the cabinet here and the PlayStation 4 along with a bunch of games accessories and things like that. I have yet to get the PlayStation 5 but by the holidays 2021 I am hopefully going to be purchasing that with my YouTube money. So I'm really excited to be able to afford something like the PlayStation 5 with my funds from YouTube. Now I also have my first and only handhelds that is the PlayStation Vita here. I purchased this back in the summer of 2020 I want to believe and it's something that I have played quite a bit and it's definitely helping me trophy hunts I absolutely love this. Now once I get set up once me and my girlfriend move in together I'm going to be putting this on a little stand and displaying it that way. I think that is a pure genius move to do with it. Now I have tried this on a stand that holds hockey cards and surprisingly it does hold the PlayStation Vita but right now because of my current setup there's no point to have it on a stand and have it all looking nice when hopefully within the next month or so or maybe in the future me and my girlfriend are going to finally move in together and all this stuff is going to be rearranged so there's no point of showing that in this video. Now back when I purchased the PlayStation 1 it was actually part of a bundle so for the PlayStation 1 2 controllers and I think 4 or 5 games it was only $40 which is really under value it's a lot more valuable than that in my area most of them go between $50 to $75 just for the console itself and a controller and all the hookups and no video games the fact that it came with some video game for example it came with Crash a wrestling game which I never played back in the day in a couple other games I'm really excited to play the PlayStation 1 I'm glad I have it in my collection the PlayStation 2 I've had like I said for maybe three years now and mostly for the most part I only have my old wrestling games that I collected and I am going to be purchasing some more games for the PlayStation 2 that I remember playing back whenever I was a kid and I'm going to be getting more into collecting PlayStation 2 video games hopefully in the near future whenever I can find them at affordable prices for the PlayStation 3 I haven't played it for I haven't really played it since the PlayStation 4 and since I got the PlayStation 4 but I have been playing and purchasing a couple other games for it I recently purchased WWE Legends of WrestleMania for the PlayStation 3 and played and platinumed it and it was a lot of fun but since I haven't played the ps3 in maybe five years it took a couple hours for all of the updates and everything to be able to finally play and use this console and of course we have the PlayStation 4 which is my current main console I have a ton of games that I digitally purchased for it along with some physical games you guys can see here and here and it even have a external hard drive that is behind the ps4 here hooked up to the ps4 to extend the storage I think I have a two or three terabyte external hard drive for my PlayStation 4 now the only thing in my opinion that I'm missing in my collection well there's kind of two things outside of the video games that I want to get for a part of my collection and for different consoles number one I'm missing an original PlayStation 1 controller I really want to get my hands on it but in my area people are charging like $30 for a PlayStation 1 controller and I can't afford purchasing an original PlayStation 1 controller for that amount and I'm talking about the one that had no analog sticks that's what I want just for collecting purposes the other thing that I want to get my hands on is a PlayStation portable a PSP which I would basically have a complete PlayStation collection if I had the PlayStation P other than the PlayStation 5 so that's one of the next things that I want to try to purchase as well so now as far as my setup I have the PlayStation 1 and 2 set up next to each other and the PlayStation 3 and 4 set up next to each other for a reason the PlayStation 1 and 2 have an AV cord for the video and audio and the power cord are different the PlayStation 1 is a little bit different than the PlayStation 2 but I have those wired through the entertainment unit as well and I just have one AV cord so if I want to play the PlayStation 1 I hook it up to that one if I want to switch to the PS2 I just disconnect it and hook it up to the PlayStation 2 all of the cords are not connected to the consoles right now and the reason for that is I don't want any power going through them and deteriorating them over time I just like my setup like this where whenever I want to play whatever console I want to play I'll connect it at the time I want to play it and when I'm done disconnect it now for the PS3 and the PS4 the power cord is the exact same so I always have my PS4 connected because it's my main console I don't need to keep disconnecting it when I'm done with it I'll just leave it always connected but the PS3 whenever I want to play it I just turn the PS4 off disconnects the HDMI cord and the power cord and plug it into the PS3 and be able to use it on the same setting as well so it's easier for me to have most of my consoles not connected and when I need them connect them and have only one cord plugged in at a time and be able to use it whenever I need it now what I used to have to do to play my PS1 or PS2 I used to have to take the actual console set it on the table and have the cords plug into the TV and the outlet and then just have the controller plug into it because the controller from where I set won't reach here what I ended up doing was purchasing a extension cord for the controller now it will plug into the PS1 or PS2 because they're wired consoles and it'll give me the reach so instead of me always having to move the consoles out of the unit to be able to play them which is a little bit of a hassle I can keep them here plug the extension cord in for the controller and still be able to play the game without having to sit right next to the TV of course I don't have that issue for the PlayStation 3 or the PlayStation 4 because they're wireless controllers but that is something I still wanted to mention that is part of my gaming setup another thing you guys can't really tell with my gaming setup how it currently is is all of the controllers that I have I have at least two controllers per console but the ps3 I only have one working console like I said I've never played it for I guess five years there's five years where it just sat here and over time one of the controllers stopped working and I don't I can't remember if it's a drift in the analog stick or what so for the ps3 I only have one working controller but for everything else I have at least two other than the PlayStation 1 I'm still looking for an original PlayStation 1 controller that has no analog sticks I've yet to find one in my area that's cheap enough that I can afford so this is my gaming setup as of right now 2021 like I said once I move in with my girlfriend I'll give you guys an update I likely won't give you guys an update until 2022 whenever I have everything finally set up and ready to go I also want to get not only the PlayStation 5 the PlayStation portable the PSP and an original PlayStation 1 controller but I also want to have them set up in a way where not only each of the consoles are on display and ready to actually play at any time I'm going to probably keep up the wiring of how I currently have it at my new setup but I want to not only display the consoles but I want to display the video games the controllers and the handhelds as well a little bit better than you guys can see them here because as I'm recording this video I know it's kind of hard for you guys to see the ps3 and ps4 because it's in the cabinet here with the glass and the PlayStation 1 and 2 it's kind of hard to see them from this angle but this is the current setup that I am using hope you guys enjoyed me sharing with you my current gaming setup and in the future once I'm finally moved in I'll give you guys an update once I have like I said the PSP the ps1 original controller and the ps5 I'll give you guys an updates of what it finally looks like but it's going to take me some time because I want it a certain way and I can't wait to share that with you guys so thank you everybody that was requesting me to share with you my gaming setup like I said this is my current setup but it will change and I'll give you guys an update in the future I'll see you guys in the next one comment below how your gaming setup is do you guys have it a similar way is all of your games and consoles ready to play whenever you need let me know down below I'll see you guys in the next video please take care peace


Oxidative stress is a major cause of secondary metabolism in fungi and plants. Transcription factors related to oxidative stress response have been found to play a role in controlling secondary metabolism. For example, aflatoxin biosynthesis, a model of secondary metabolism, has been shown to be triggered and intensified by reactive oxygen species buildup. Additionally, recent studies have identified a regulatory network composed of at least for transcription factors that control the expression of genes involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis and antioxidant genes. These findings suggest that secondary metabolism may serve as a secondary line of defense against oxidative stress. This article was authored by John E. Lins, Sun Yong-hwan, and Ludmila V. Rose.


The most critical aspect of a pregnancy is within that first 13 weeks. So that's when the fetus is developing. What we would recommend to you is to avoid chemicals, medications, dietary supplements that could be potentially harmful during that aspect. As far as caffeine goes in pregnancy, our recommendation is 200 milligrams of caffeine a day. Many different brands have differing amounts of caffeine and a cup of coffee. So I recommend women be familiar with what brand they're drinking and how much caffeine is in one cup and then limit it to 200 milligrams a day. Anything more than that and you run a higher risk of problems. You want to be mindful that there are risks that are associated with consumption of alcohol and tobacco. So the goal is to always avoid those. You should also avoid excessive gardening and things like that if you have a cat or neighborhood cats because there is a risk of toxopasmosis if your cat has that. So if you're a healthy person keep up your good habits, exercise, healthy diet are all things that will help promote a healthy pregnancy.


What's going on everybody got Kyle Jake and Shawn here with the late in sports cards. We're ripping 23 NBA hoops. This one is for this one's for Kyle's eat. They're Spencer. Good luck Kyle. Let's see. We got About the decommission Well, happy birthday Spencer. Sorry Jared golf's not giving you a very good gift here today Sorry Jared golf's not shows you right there. We used to stop For the dolphins. Yeah These are fun, yeah, I'm not even a dolphin's fan. Yeah, man. Happy birthday, Spence. The ease are fun all jokes aside Yeah, I hope you're having a good one sir Say Ben Shepard now playing is gonna be Marcus sassar rookie finds would lose on my beat Unfortunately seems that way Spencer. There's a hi my hockey's rookie for the heat and that one's gonna be a hell of a high voltage silver of Dono around the back. We got a tack the rack. That one's gonna be Victor on The rookie silver attack the rack nice Victor win Ben Yama rookie is Rupert Yanis and Kianta Johnson already hit two seasons worth of wins In the past that's definitely true, man I take it where you can or you can get it for sure Brace since the ball rookie AI throwback and hoopla as Paul George hoopla Seth one D campaign and a almond Sampson ignition rookie almond Let's see another vector. Let's see a little numbered vector here It's a rookie derrick whitehead Nikola, and there is Michael Porter jr. To 499 on the road to the finals Michael Porter Where are you really that seems like the move in this one? That does seem like the move in that game There's a rookie Hendricks out of UCF and they now playing is gonna be Kobe Buffkin There's another Kobe Buffkin base rookie and this one is LeBron on the silver It's a little bra on there.  They wouldn't let him bet his birthday today. He's turning 20 today Oh, is a rookie almond Thompson and ignition Taylor Hendricks. He said earlier. He couldn't get in and I guess it's cuz It was actually his birthday, so I guess you gotta wait a minute. I don't know. There's a Kevin Durant on the presentations KD All right, well Jake Jalen hoochie Fino and LeBron base LeBron James Righty second half cop and righty guys, I think this might do it for us tonight. I think this might do it There's a purple that one's gonna be Royce O'Neill Purple there for the nets Well four is coming in just a few minutes here. I'll get ready to go on some group breaks for the rest of the night Sunday fun day Yeah Stroud is human. There's a Steph Curry got a Hunter Tyson rookie and City edition Cade Cunningham Birthday birthday late edition 1b Yeah, we can put 10 B Kobe Brown there's a almond Thompson rookie for the Rockets and A we got next almond Thompson Need a Gus bus TV I'm all Ravens. I'm all Ravens Andre Jackson rookie there is Jackson Hayes and this one is gonna be Lori marketing to 199 out of Utah rookie jet Howard go magic Heat on the insert and jet Howard rookie purple for the magic rams money line. I think currently playing There's that who's playing the Ravens That's who the Ravens are playing. There's a KD Joellen bead and rookie Brandon Miller on the attack the rack It has been a weird week for sure, there's Yannis And Leonard Miller and a Jason Tatum City edition Celtics Let's go Rod. Come on Gus. Come on Zach Moss. Come on boys Ross trying to get it going tonight. There's an Anthony black rookie go magic and a sheesh That one's rookie Victor Victor had a silver start now a base Victor. Oh CJ got hurt now too. Oh, man. Oh Yeah, the bangles are beating up on him for sure. I did see that Key on to George rookie.  This one there. We got a rookie redback. That one's Victor. We go got three victors out of this one That'll do for you call Redback Victor Nick Smith and that one is Jonathan Caminga and last pack got Luca got a redemption It is been mattering on the hoop sing that's a second year out of there for the Pacers This one there been mattering on the second year auto and I'm in Thompson City edition that browns D. Don't mess around either man. No They're one of those teams that don't mess around Alrighty there Kyle that'll do it for you sir on the hoops personal get those right out to my man


The first International Migration Review Forum to be held in May 2022 will give governments the opportunity to raise ambition. Managing migration for the benefit of all demands cooperation. To that end, we are launching a pledging initiative calling on all states, stakeholders and UN system to make tangible commitments towards our shared migration goals and within the framework of the global compact for safe, orderly and regular migration. We must seize the up-gumming IMRF to step up low-end policy reform, financial contributions and innovative programs to realize our common vision of safe, orderly and regular migration. We welcome pledges made by individual countries or actors, as well as collective commitments by groups of countries or multiple actors. This has the potential to improve the lives of millions of people for years to come. Doing so will help to protect migrants' rights and dignity and enable them to make an even greater contribution to development. Today we have the opportunity to improve the lives of migrants and their communities and work together to protect their rights and dignity. Let us use this moment to spark transformative change, to rebuild trust and to meet our responsibilities to those most in need of our solidarity. By making a pledge you can take a stand for the lives, rights and dignity of all people. Together we can fulfill the pledge to uphold the rights of both migrants and the communities that welcome them. So please show your commitment and make a pledge. Together we can make a difference. In line with the global compact for migration, I invite governments to make a pledge. Make a pledge. Make a pledge to help us build a healthier, fairer and safer world for all people, no matter who they are or where they come from. Make a pledge.