This song is wipe out by the safaris this song was popular in the 60s and Most of this song is really the bass line of the tune and it's fairly easy to learn that the first line can hang some students up At times it is really the guitar Imitating the drum solo that's heard in the song. It's a real famous drum solo if you've never heard it before look it up Online it's a pretty cool drum solo and as I said it was very popular in the 60s The way I think of this rhythm in the first line is as follows I think of the quarter notes as being a long note The eighth notes are a short note and you will notice that there are a couple of tied eight notes Which become a long note the pattern becomes long short short long short short short short long Short short short long short short long short short short short short long Now let me play that for you


The president's budget proposal eliminates public media funding. Learn how you can help at lptv.org slash action. A motley man was killed when he struck a tree while driving a tractor causing him to fall off onto the ground. First responders from the Morrison County Sheriff's Department found 72-year-old James Nelson trapped underneath the rear tire. The incident happened before 545 Thursday afternoon near a home along Highway 10 in Motley Township which is two miles south of Motley. Nelson was declared dead at the scene. The Sheriff's Department was assisted by the Minnesota State Patrol and Motley Police Department at the scene. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar Iyer's Academy. Displayed are the list of news articles selected for today's analysis and their page numbers in Chennai, Delhi, Bengaluru and Thiruvananthapuram editions of the newspaper. The link for the handwritten notes and the time stamping of the news articles are provided in the description box and for the benefit of mobile phone viewers, the time stamping is also provided in the comment section. Now, let us move on to the first news article. This editorial article discusses about the qualifications for leader of opposition in the present political scenario in our country. Now, this analysis will be helpful in prelim syllabus under current events of national importance and in political system under Indian polity. It will be helpful in mains preparation in GS paper 2 under parliament, structure, functioning, powers and privileges and issues arising out of them. Now, if you see in the present Lokshaba, that is the 17th Lokshaba, the present strength of the second largest party is 52. Now, the second largest party in the present Lokshaba is Congress, Indian National Congress. It has 52 members. So, we are not sure if the leader of opposition will be declared in the newly elected Lokshaba, that is the house of the people. So, we will see some of the issues surrounding this matter. The author tells that as soon as the new Lokshaba speaker will be elected, there will be a question of formal recognition with respect to opposition party and also leader of opposition. According to the salary and allowances of leaders of opposition in parliament act of 1977, this act recognizes and provides the same official status allowances and perks that are admissible to cabinet ministers to the leader of opposition in both Lokshaba and Rajesh Shabba. But in the case of Lokshaba, the recognition of the opposition party and the leader of opposition has to be done by the speaker of Lokshaba. Now, in the 16th Lokshaba, that is 2014 to 2019. So, that is the previous Lokshaba. The largest party in the opposition was Indian National Congress. It won 44 seats in Lokshaba at that time. Now, after careful consideration, it was decided not to recognize the party's leader as leader of opposition. We will see the reason in this discussion. Now, the author tells that the matter needs to be revisited in the context of 17th Lokshaba, that is the newly constituted Lokshaba. Because for a long period, a democracy cannot be run without leader of opposition. Next, the author has discussed the need for an opposition in Lokshaba. He tells that India needs a stable government and a strong leader who is capable of taking firm decisions and these decisions should be taken within the rule of law. Also, the decisions have to ensure security development and good governance within the rule of law. Now, we could see a ruling alliance in central government and that has a remarkable majority in Lokshaba. However, for the success and survival of a democracy seen in our country, the author tells that an effective opposition is also required in addition to the stable government. He tells that if no opposition exists, then an opposition may have to be created. Also, if there is no opposition from outside, that is from other political parties other than majority ruling party, the author tells there is every danger that an opposition may grow within the majority political party. Therefore, in order to provide necessary checks and balances to the ruling majority government, the role of opposition party and the leader of opposition is very essential for a democracy to function. Now, let us see the timeline of the leaders of opposition mentioned by the author in this editorial. Historically, the first officially designated opposition party in parliament emerged from the breakup of the Congress party that is Indian National Congress. First time after the independence of our country, the Indian National Congress split in 1969. Ms. Indra Gandhi was the prime minister at that time. If you see the Congress split to form the Indian National Congress, requisitionist and Indian National Congress organization. The leader of INC organization, Mr. Ram Shubhag Singh, became the first person to be formally recognized as LOP or leader of opposition in the 4th Lokshaba. The period of 4th Lokshaba is from 1967 to 1970. Now, if you take the 6th Lokshaba, that is from 1977 to 1979, the Indian National Congress was the opposition. Now, within this three year period of 1977 to 79, the Lokshaba saw three different leaders of opposition. The author tells that there were splits in the Congress also in Janatha Party in the same period. So, Mr. Ashwantrao B. Chavan, Mr. CM Stephen and Mr. Jagjeevan Ram were successive leaders of opposition in the 6th Lokshaba. Now, you note that till 1977, there were no emulments and perks attached to the position or the designation of LOP. So, here the author means to tell that it was merely a post. But if you see, we note that there is no provision in the Constitution of India or even in the Lokshaba rules of procedure about the recognition of the leader of opposition. Now, the author tells, until the year 1977, there were no emulments and perks. Now, this is because in the year 1977, a legislation was enacted to provide emulments and perks to the designation of LOP. Now, right from the first Lokshaba, that is from the year 1952, the practice is that if the 2nd largest party in Lokshaba has a strength of one-tenth of the total membership of the House, then the leader of that party can be recognized as the leader of opposition. Now, note that as per the Constitution of India, the Lokshaba should consist of not more than 530 members from the states and not more than 20 members from the union territories. These are mentioned in Article 81 of Indian Constitution. Also, not more than 2 members of the Anglo-Indian community who can be nominated by the President. The President can nominate if he is of the opinion, if he or she is of the opinion that the Anglo-Indian community is not adequately enough represented in the Lokshaba. Now, this is as per Article 331 of Indian Constitution. So, totally if you see, Lokshaba can have 530 plus 20 plus 2, which is equal to 552 members. But note that currently, Lokshaba has only 545 seats where 543 seats are filled by direct elections and two seats are reserved for the Anglo-Indian community who are to be nominated by the President. Now, in order to recognize a party as the largest opposition party, the party should have the numbers that is enough to constitute the quorum for the sitting of Lokshaba. This means the largest opposition party should have at least one-tenth of the strength of Lokshaba. Now, this is because Article 100, Class III of Indian Constitution states that the quorum to constitute a meeting of either House of Parliament shall be one-tenth of the total number of members of the House. If you calculate that for Lokshaba, it will come to 55. Now, note that the Constitution of India talks only about the quorum, but not about the numbers required for recognizing the leader of opposition. Now, the idea is that the second largest party should have the capacity to constitute the quorum. Now, what is this quorum? This quorum according to Article 100, Class III means one-tenth of the total membership of the House of the People. The author tells that from 9th Lokshaba to 15th Lokshaba, that is from 1989 to 2014, there was a minimum strength of 55 members for second-largest parties. So, the speakers of those Lokshabas has duly recognized the opposition parties and leaders of opposition. Fusee, 9th Lokshaba, Mr. Rajiv Gandhi from Indian National Congress was the leader of opposition. And then in 10th Lokshaba, Mr. L. K. Adwani and then Mr. Atal Bihari Vajpayee from BJP were the leaders of opposition successively. Then the 11th Lokshaba had Mr. P. V. Narasimh Rao from Indian National Congress and Mr. Atal Bihari Vajpayee from BJP as leader of opposition successively. Then Mr. Sharad Pawar and Ms. Sonia Gandhi from Indian National Congress were the leaders of opposition in 12th and 13th Lokshaba respectively. That is for 12th Lokshaba, Mr. Sharad Pawar and 13th Lokshaba, Ms. Sonia Gandhi. And then Mr. L. K. Adwani and Ms. Sushma Swaraj from BJP were leaders of opposition in 14th Lokshaba and 15th Lokshaba respectively. Now, we may keep a tag on these names and time periods because sometimes one or two questions or one or two statements given in the questions in prelims exam can be based on these. So, it will be easy for you to correlate if you somehow have in mind these timelines and names. For example, in last year, there was a statement in question that the statement was in the first Lokshaba, the single largest party in the opposition was Swatandra Party. And if you see the question paper this year, there was a question like 9th schedule was introduced in constitution of India during the prime ministership of which prime minister, which the name of the prime minister. So, some questions do come like this. So, we may be, you know, based on current affairs, we can keep a tab on all these names and timelines. Now, let's see about the legislation that was introduced or enacted in 1977 called as salary and allowances of leaders of opposition in parliament act 1977. Now, this act defines leader of opposition in section 2. It states that the leader of opposition means that member of the house who is the leader in that house of the party which is in opposition to the government. Simply, it says leader of opposition is the member of, for example, if it is Lokshaba, it's the member of Lokshaba who is the leader of the opposition party. But there is one condition. This opposition party should have the greatest numerical strength and also have to be recognized by the chairman of the house in case of Rajesh Shaba and recognition is by speaker in case it is house of the people or Lokshaba. So, this definition has two conditions. One, the second largest party should have the greatest numerical strength and also for Lokshaba it has to be recognized by the speaker. So, from this act, we understand that the leader of opposition is based on speaker's recognition and also based on greatest numerical strength. But the act has not mentioned clearly or it has not mentioned on what exactly is the numerical strength that is required. Now, let us come to one another book called as directions in Lokshaba. This book is nothing but the directions by the speaker of Lokshaba for the conduct of Lokshaba. Here, according to direction 121C of ninth edition of this directions, it has laid down some condition for recognition of parliamentary party or parliamentary group. One such condition is having at least a strength that is equal to the quorum fixed to constitute a sitting of the house that is one tenth of the total number of members of the house. Now, this direction 121C actually linked article 100 class 3 of Indian constitution having the practice of recognizing leader of opposition based on whether the party has the capacity to constitute a quorum of the house. Also, according to section 2B of leaders and chief whips of recognized parties and groups in parliament facilities act recognized party in Lokshaba means a party that has not less than 55 members. So, from the directions and this legislation that we saw, the author tells that one tenth of the total seats which is 55 seats in the case of Lokshaba is the minimum number of seats for recognizing a party. Now, this legislation, the chief leaders and chief whips of recognized parties and groups in parliament that talks about party did not mention clearly about leader of opposition or the opposition party. So, as per this, the previous Lokshaba that is the 16th Lokshaba from 2014 to 2019, he did not have a recognized opposition party or a recognized leader of opposition. Now, this was because the Indian National Congress which was the second largest party in the last Lokshaba, it had only 44 seats which was 11 shorter than or 11 lesser than the required magical number 55. Now, even in the present Lokshaba, the 17th Lokshaba, the newly elected Lokshaba, the second largest party is Indian National Congress, but it is short of three numbers that is it now has only 52 seats. But what is the requirement? Requirement is 55. So, it is short of three members to maintain the quorum. So, the author suggests that the newly elected speaker of Lokshaba after the election within the Lokshaba should relax this direction 121 C of Lokshaba and recognize a leader of opposition for the sake of effective opposition in a democracy. So, we saw that there is no constitutional provision regarding the numbers required for leader of opposition. Also, the 1977 law does not provide for requirement of 55 members, a particular number as a essential prerequisite. We saw that the 1977 law talks only about two conditions. It talks about greatest numerical strength. It did not mention what is that strength and it mentions that it has to be recognized by the speaker. So, we can see that it is up to the discretion of the speaker. So, everything regarding the leader of opposition depends on speakers directions and discretion. So, the author hopes that a rightful direction will be taken or it has to be taken in this regard. Now, the author suggests one possible way that is to amend and thereby substitute the word party by pre-polar alliance or substitute the word party by party or pre-polar alliance in section 2 of the salary and allowances of leaders of opposition in parliament act of 1977. Now, the reason that the author gives to include or substitute the term party with pre-polar alliance or to include pre-polar alliance is because pre-polar alliance have now become almost a part of Indian polity. Now, also we see many instances when the president and governors decide on whom to call first for forming the government in case when there is no party securing a clear majority in the house, these pre-pol alliances are considered as a credible and legitimate by the presidents and governors, president with respect to central government, governors with respect to state government. Now, this pre-pol alliance is nothing but an alliance of two or more parties which form a group before the elections. And if the pre-pol alliance is recognized as an opposition party and if the leader of the alliance becomes leader of opposition, then this has one implication. This may have a tremendous potential for the growth of a strong or a sound two party or three party alliance system. Now, he tells that such a kind of alliance system could end the present system wherein we see you know more than 2000 parties registered with election commission, but find only few major political parties winning the elections. In addition to discussing about leader of opposition, the author also talks about two other things which may be provided whenever a comprehensive laws enacted for the political parties. One is about providing the candidates of one alliance a common symbol and the other is only national alliances can contest for Lokshaba with a agreed common minimum program. Here you keep in mind the author suggests not national parties. He suggests that national alliances shall contest for Lokshaba with a agreed common minimum program. The author finally concludes that a separate in-depth analysis, consideration and debate must happen in all these aspects. Simply we can say that the author stresses two main points in this editorial. One is the definite requirement of leader of opposition of this 17th Lokshaba for the democracy to function better. And the second is the recognition of pre-pol alliance to settle the matter related to leader of opposition for having a meaningful democratic political system in our country. With this let's move on to next news article. This news article is about Black Shoftshell Turtle. Now in the newspaper you can also find about Indian Roof Turtle and Indian Turt Turtle as well. Indian Turnt Turtle as well which we will discuss in some other days when the news related to these turtles come. Today's discussion we will discuss about Black Shoftshell Turtle. This discussion will be relevant in prelims levels under current events of national importance then in general issues on biodiversity. The discussion can also be linked to main syllabus in GS paper 3 under the area conservation. The news is that the hatchlings of the rare Black Shoftshell Turtles were bid adieu by the temple in Govahati. Now hatchling is nothing but a young animal that has recently emerged or came out of its egg. Now bid adieu is the French word which means goodbye. So in short the news is that a temple in Govahati has said goodbye to the newborn turtle babies of Black Shoftshell Turtle. Now this is because the turtle was earlier a part of Govahati temple for a long time and they see the turtles as a pride of the temple and now its hatchlings are being shifted to a zoo for a greater cause. Now the greater cause is reintroducing the species into the wild. The temple even organized a special ceremony. Now the ceremony was to welcome and to say goodbye to the hatchlings. Now the welcome was because eggs of Black Shoftshell Turtles were collected from these temple ponds and were transferred to the Assam State Zoo for incubation and after birth Assam State Zoo they were brought back to the temple ponds that's why they use the word welcome. Now after welcoming now they are saying goodbye. Now this goodbye was because these hatchlings will be reintroduced into the wild and they will never return back to the temple. Now why is this news you know important for us to discuss. See this Black Shoftshell Turtle is extinct in the wild according to IUCN. In India very few are found in the state of Assam and these few remain these few that remain are found in the ponds of some temples in Assam as though the turtle was extinct in the wild but now the new babies have been born and this was possible because of a non-governmental organization called us Help Earth. Now the NGO started a conservation program for the turtles this was done by involving the temples and the NGO collected the eggs of the turtles in December last year and they were able to take some 70 eggs and 34 eggs hatched in the zoo. Now let's see some facts related to this Black Shoftshell Turtle. See its scientific name is Nisonia nigricans it is also known as Bostami softshell turtle. Freshwater turtle and prefers living in lakes rivers and tributaries simply freshwater. This species was long considered to be one of the rarest turtles in the world and it was thought to be extinct in the wild and it was known only from a single population of about 150 animals at an artificial pond at the Bostami shrine in Chittagang city of Bangladesh. Now this is the reason why they also call this turtle as Bostami softshell turtle in Bangladesh and also at the international level it is also called as Holy Turtle of Bangladesh. So this turtle is a sacred symbol to the people now this is due to the apparent rareness and a tail surrounding the myth that the Muslim saint Bostami turned the evil spirits into turtles when he founded the Bostami shrine well that is the myth. But now the species was confirmed in few natural localities in Brahmaputra river drainage of northeastern state of Assam in India. It was rediscovered in Brahmaputra river at Kasi Ranga and Nameri national parks of Assam and also subsequent surveys in adjoining areas of Kasi Ranga confirmed the presence of the species which presence was also confirmed at a small number of Indian Buddhist temple ponds as well. Now they say that the oldest individual in these species are around 150 years old now we could find turtles and tortoises living for a long period and these turtles face severe threats of habitat destruction and over exploitation for human consumption. Now we saw that the black softshell turtle is extinct in the wild now this is because it was listed under extinct in the wild category of IUCN red list now there are some some conservationists who also say these are not actually extinct in the wild they can be found in some natural habitats as well there is a debate going on now let us discuss what is meant by extinct in the wild now when we say a particular species is extinct in the wild it means it survives only in captivity now here captivity means only in regions other than the natural range of a the natural habitat of a particular animal and a species may be listed as extinct in the wild only after years of service when they are unable to record even one individual in its natural habitat or native habitat now with respect to protection national level it is protected under schedule four of wildlife protection act of 1972 and it is also listed in appendix one of sites convention and it is also included in world's most endangered tortoises and freshwater turtles of 2011 under the category high risk of extinction list so this is the importance with respect to black softshell freshwater turtle the displayed practice question will be discussed in the last session now let us move on to next news article now the next news article is about about the finding that around that the drugs from 18 pharmaceutical companies were found as substandard quality and one of these 18 pharmaceutical company is a public sector undertaking or a government owned corporation now this article will be relevant in prelim syllabus under current events of national importance and in terms of main syllabus comes under in gs paper 2 it comes under welfare schemes for the vulnerable section of the population by the by the central and state governments now the one public sector undertaking that is whose drugs are also found as not of standard quality is indian drugs and pharmaceutical limited that comes under department of pharmaceutical government of india now this was found out by bureau of pharma psus of india now they have also blacklisted some seven companies for two years now public sector undertaking means these are government owned corporations in which majority of the paid up share capital is held by central government or the majority of paid up share capital is held by state government or the majority of paid up share capital is held partly by central government partly by one or more state governments when we say majority it means 51 percent or more of the paid up share capital now the news states that the generic drugs of these companies are not of standard quality now according to united states food and drug administration a generic drug is an equal substitute for its brand name counterpart it will be same in the aspects of dosage safety strength and quality and performance and also the use with respect to a similar drug that comes with the brand now the purpose of generic drug is to make the drug affordable to all masses because a branded drug will be of high cost the generic drug will be have the same quality as a branded drug now this bureau of bureau of pharma psus of india was established in 2008 under departments of pharmaceuticals of ministry of chemicals and fertilizers it is also an implementing agency of pradhan mantri janna ushiti pariyojana now it aims to bring down the personal health care budget of every citizen of india by providing quality generic medicines at affordable prices like bppa thus pradhan mantri baratya janna ushiti pariyojana was also established in 2008 under ministry of chemicals and fertilizers government of india now we we also saw that implementing agency of this program is bureau of pharma psus of india now even the vision of pmbjp is also same as bppa to bring down the health care expenses of every indian citizen now along with the help of other central public sector units this bppa coordinates the procurement supply marketing of generic drugs through the janna ushiti kendras under the scheme now janna ushiti kendras are also called as janna ushiti stores now the coverage area with respect to the scheme is that it includes all the districts in the country generally the product basket covers medicines surgicals consumables tents and replacements a surgical means supplies used for medical operations like surgical instruments gloves etc a stent means a tube placed into a hollow structure inside the body and the structure can be an artery a v in etc and these tents are used to hold these structures open now regarding the supply chain see it includes bppa sourcing the medicines from suppliers then storing it under central warehouse facility from where it will be given to distributors who sends them to janna ushiti kendras these kendras sell medicines and surgical items along with other medical products as well these janna ushiti kendras are located within government hospital premises also found in private hospital premises and other places as well now jan means people how should he means medicine so this program can be easily understood as prime minister's program or the prime minister's project for medicine for all and with this we come to the end of this article discussion the displayed practice prelims question will be discussed in the last session now this article talks about the need for a legislation at the central level for public procurement and also it talks about the concerns expressed by the supreme court about writ proceedings and appeals that are coming at supreme court with respect to award of tenders at national level and also at state level and such an issue being carried out routinely in supreme court now this article is relevant in your prelim syllabus in current events of national and international importance and in public policy in indian polity and governance and in main syllabus in gs paper 2 it could come under government policies and interventions in various sectors and issues arising out of the design and implementation now here public procurement means purchase of goods and services by the public sector and it is a very key economic activity of government because it accounts for almost 30 percent of gross domestic product in our country author says that the supreme court observations that it has become a matter of routine of writ proceedings in supreme court with respect to award of tenders now the supreme court has not considered these are the result of challenges due to inadequacies in our national public procurement laws see the existing constitutional provisions are also inadequate now one such article that deals with public spending or public procurement we can relate it to public procurement is article 282 of indian constitution because it talks about financial autonomy in public spending according to author but even this article does not have any provision related to the issue of guidance on public procurement principles public procurement policies procedures and also it does not have anything to deal with grievance redress and if you come to the level of state governments there is also insufficiency if you observe the state public procurement or the public procurement at the state level is regulated by legislations only in five states and these states are tamallanadu karnataka rajasthan andhra pradesh now this means that more than 20 states in india do not have a legislation at the state level to regulate public procurement now the author says even the states that have the state level legislations they are not effective and they fall short of prescriptions set out by the supreme court in one of the case law called as madras bar association versus union of india see the court has stated in this case law grievance redressal mechanisms should possess the characteristics that makes them an effective efficacious alternative remedy now you'll see some of the initiatives taken by governments you know to address the concerns first let's see the public procurement bill see this this bill had provisions to regulate public procurement with an objective of ensuring transparency accountability and property in procurement process now we have seen various instances of charges of corruption in public procurement and even it have toppled several elected governments so the public procurement bill had provision of ensuring transparency and accountability and thereby tackling the corruption with respect to public procurement the next one is public procurement bill of 2015 now one important thing that both these bills did not were not passed into a legislation so these were initiatives without any positive result but the both the above versions of bill had provisions of robust internal mechanism for grievance redressal in public procurement but then they didn't result into a promising legislation because it was not passed by parliament and received the assent of the president now some of the suggestions very important suggestion is that there is a urgent requirement for a law and also grievance redressal mechanism in the law and these law has to be enacted in central level and also at state level and in all the states and even in state level with respect to those five states where we find ineffectiveness this ineffectiveness has to be addressed the author talks about article 282 of indian constitution and states that it does not contain some provisions relating to the policies and principles and procedures relating to public procurement and also about grievance redressal therefore the author could be indirectly suggesting if at all a constitutional amendment is going to take place maybe in article 282 which is related to public procurement there should be provisions there should be inclusion of provisions with respect to principles policies procedures and grievance redressal framework of public procurement and finally the author concludes that till these issues of inadequacies in our national procurement laws are not addressed till then the constitutional courts that is the high courts and supreme court has to hear the appeals for the time being so with this we come to the end of this discussion with respect to the editorial article on public procurement now let us move on to next news article now this editorial article is about shanghai cooperation organization and its recent summit that took that took place in the capital of kyrgyzstan the author tells that the shanghai cooperation organization is becoming important to india's eurasia policy now particularly after the recent swearing in ceremony of the new top leadership in indian government we have been seeing about india's foreign policy with respect to neighborhood and now we are discussing with respect to eurasia now coming to this shanghai cooperation organization see the members include russia china and central asian countries of uzbekistan khasakistan tajikistan and kyrgyzstan before two years that is in 2017 india and pakistan became its members now what you have to keep in mind here is one of the central asian country Turkmenistan is not a member country in this shanghai cooperation organization and india's neighbor afghanistan is also not a member country in shanghai cooperation organization but it is an observer and this shanghai cooperation organization now has become an important forum for india's eurasia neighborhood when we say eurasia it means europe and asia it largely includes the countries of your eastern europe and central asia this organization is by and large led by china and russia now recently seo held as heads of state summit at bishkek the capital of kyrgyz republic the major themes that were discussed in this summit are the terrorism regional cooperation and also about the future of afghanistan now according to the author this membership of india in seo will give it a chance to counter some of the other groupings in which it is a part this membership will also help india in continuing its multi alignment strategy here multi alignments means aligning with various blocks or parties to a rivalry or for influence now you take an example we know that united states and russia are two opposite blocks but india aligns with both united states and also with russia and case to case basis now there are many such blocks but india engages with various blocks at the same time so this policy or this strategy is called as multi alignment strategy author tells that now seo is also a platform for alignment on issues with respect to energy security connectivity with respect to eurasia and also trade so now we know that india is not actively engaging or considering south asian association of regional cooperation that is sarc but india and pakistan are member countries of seo and afghanistan is an observer in seo so author tells that as of now with respect to the present engagement seo provides the only multilateral platform for india to deal in close proximity with pakistan and afghanistan now even in the sidelines of this seo summit we could not see any bilateral meeting between india and pakistan although we saw bilateral talks between india and china and india and russia now some of the commitments of some member nations with respect to seo see india and pakistan are committed to engage at several other levels one such level is with respect to the regional anti-terrorism structure that is rats seo rats and then all the seo countries have committed to strengthen economic cooperation and supporting the wto structure at the same time building people to people ties tourism and cultural bonds within the member countries of the seo grouping and another important thing with respect to afghanistan peace process the biskak declaration it stressed that there should be an inclusive peace process but that should be led by afghans themselves now this means afghanistan will take care of its own peace process and the other member nations of seo will not involve in its peace process or it will other member nations of seo will not take a lead in the peace process of afghanistan now then all the member nations of seo except india have praised or applauded the china's belton road initiative now india has not joined this bri initiative of china and one of the main reason is that because a part of this belton road initiative that is the china pakistan economic corridor passes through the indian territory of pakistan occupied kashmir which is a disputed territory between india and pakistan and that is one of the main reason why india opposes the belton road initiative of china and china also so far has not accommodated the indian concerns with respect to china pakistan economic corridor and the path in which it travels so these are some of the information with respect to seo discussed by the author in this editorial now the article also talks about the indian prime minister meeting the united states president on the sidelines of upcoming g20 summit in wasaka japan and the author thinks that many issues will be discussed between the two leaders particularly the ongoing india us trade issues and the plans related to military cooperation in the indo pacific region and also about the demands of united states to curb the defense deals or not to purchase s 400 anti missile system from russia and us may also try to push india to deny the access to chinese telecom major hawai to india's 5g technology network bids so overall at the end of the day see this article tells that this seo summit and the bilateral meetings that india had in bishkek be it with china or russia reveals the direction of india's foreign policy with respect to uratian region and he also tells that india's strategy of balancing the competing interests of various emerging blocks will also be tested in the months ahead now on june 11 we have discussed an editorial with respect to the challenges of indian foreign policy five years and later and on that editorial we have discussed how india is going to balance relationships with respect to various countries keeping in mind the rise of china now you could align these are this article discussion also with that article link of the article discussion of that article on june 11 is also given in the description with this we come to the end of this article discussion we are in our last session the practice question discussion session now the first question is with respect to black short shell turtle now they have given three statements and are asking which among the above statements are not correct the first statement it is a sea turtle and is endemic to india now if you recall our discussion the news was about the turtle hatchlings of a temple and they were in the pond of that particular temple if it can be found in a pond it means it is a freshwater turtle so this makes this statement as a wrong statement because black short shell turtle is a freshwater turtle and with respect to the second part of the first statement there are still debates going on whether it is endemic only to india or only to bangladesh or to both so overall the first statement is not correct so anyway the answer should contain first statement so if you see options b and c it doesn't contain the first statement so we can eliminate b and c now let's come to second statement the second statement states it is listed as extinct by iocn red list of threatened species now this is wrong because the turtle is listed as extinct in the wild by iocn now extinct and extinct in the wild are different when we say a species is extinct in the wild it means the particular species only survives in captivity that means it survives or it is being conserved in a place other than its natural habitat other than its established natural range therefore the second statement is incorrect because it is extinct in the wild now the third statement and when we say extinct it means without any reasonable doubt the last individual of a particular species has died in the world so that is the difference between extinct and extinct in the wild now the third statement it is not protected by the wildlife protection act of 1972 now this statement is wrong because we saw it is protected under schedule four of wildlife protection act of 1972 so all the statements are not correct therefore the correct answer for this question is option d 1 2 3 are not correct now the second question is with respect to Jannav Shirdi Pariyojana again they have given three statements and are asking which of the statements are correct first it aims to bring down the health care budget of every citizen of India now this statement is correct and it was established in the year 2008 to bring down the personal health care budget of every Indian citizen and the second statement it functions under the ministry of health and family welfare now this statement is appears to be correct because it deals with health it deals with medicine right it deals with health care budget but the second option is incorrect because it functions under department of pharmaceuticals which functions under ministry of chemicals and fertilizers so the second statement is wrong so when we say second statement is wrong option a option d are eliminated now the third statement they say the implementing agency is bureau of pharma PSUs of India now this is correct even BPPA is also established in the year 2008 so the correct and we find that statements 1 and statement 3 are correct therefore the correct answer is option c 1 and 3 only now the third question which of the following countries are members of both SARC and SEO now SARC means south asian association for regional cooperation SEO means Shanghai cooperation organization now they have given four nations and are asking to choose the correct answer from the options given now see India is a SARC country and India is also part of SEO same is the case of Pakistan Pakistan is in SARC and also in SEO and Afghanistan is part of SARC yes but is it part of Shanghai cooperation organization yes it is part of Shanghai cooperation organization but is it a member or an observer it is not a member it is just an observer and therefore 3 should not be there so Afghanistan is not a member in both this organization now coming to China China is not a member of SARC but a member of SEO so only India and Pakistan of the given options are both are members of both SARC and SEO so the answer for this question is option a 1 and 2 only with this we come to the end of today's the indu news analysis if you like the video press the like button comment share and subscribe to shankarae's academy youtube channel for daily updates


Hi everyone again welcome to this lecture of the LPS course programming class we will be looking at the tickle programming we will continue with the tickle programming today I will go through some of the some more advanced topics on the tickle before that I just wanted to mention a quick recap of what we covered in the last class the last lecture we continued our string substitution I mean the strings and list from various data structures we started looking at the procedures and as you know the procedures have like three main sections actually if you are counting the number of arguments there are five and then the first it starts with the keyword proc then followed by the name of the procedure then some set of params then it goes into a body essentially actually the four the four main parts essentially and then when you and most of the the tickle scripts are written with these procedures so it is basically starts it starts with proc and then your procedure name followed by params followed by the body as you know like I mean you need a blank space here this you have you can put the parenthesis and this is again balances I mean sorry the braces the double braces essentially so and then the return value typically is you can specify it as return at the end of the procedure or if you do not have anything written the last evaluated function that output will become the output of the proc and then we also looked at how do we specify the params are the arguments what if we want to do it with we have like many number of params a variable list variable length parameters then we can use the keyword ARGS which kind of it stores in the list of all the values so every time you call the pro the proc the number of arguments can be different and it will take away take it as this we also looked at some of the scope related issues which is by when you use the variable how do we determine the scope which is inside the proc and if you are setting it outside like that x 10 then now if you want the x to be used inside the proc what will it be so to get this x into the proc we use this command called GLOB which is essentially the I mean actually the GLOB global the global command actually gets this value and then global x basically confirms that actually the x that is defined here can that value can be used inside the procedure as well again point note is the global x command itself is not setting any value to the value a to the variable x that needs to be set outside it is only make sure that whatever is set outside can be read inside and then we have like a couple of other things basically want to communicate a particular value of the variable that means that say like you want to edit this one basically without specifying this and then say like inside the proc you are saying like set x 10 and then this x wants to be visible outside the proc the way to communicate is through in using the upper and then so you can specify saying that my upper x is actually or $x is whichever value in the previous one say here it is actually why then so this 10 whatever the changes that brought back to the why after executing the procedure same thing like I mean we also have like up the level yeah so the up level we saw that basically it is to communicate a script back to the top level that that is where we use up level so we saw that and then we also saw some of the the main rules of tickle I mentioned like six rules six rules of tickle I hope you remember all those things essentially I am not going to repeat but just in case like I mean so the main two things are the variable substitution this is through $ and then the command substitution this is using the square brackets so these are two main rules and then other than that the rule about the interpreter versus the parser is important interpreter takes in a command and then basically splits it into words based on blank space as you know like the blank space is the delimiter for words inside the command and then this is sent to the parser the parser parses this command and it knows like how many variables need to be there for the given command and then it processes the starting and this can be like recursively called meaning like the command again once again it sends the thing if it has another command substitution maybe it will send it back to the interpreter and then it can it again like goes through so the recursion is possible in the commands so the keeping is okay so then the blank space and then the for separating out the commands we need to use the seven column or a new line so these are all the these are variable various rules that we saw and then the remaining rules are pretty much exceptions to these rules meaning like if you want to group the soft grouping in the the hard grouping the hard grouping with the braces the braces and then the soft grouping is through the codes and the difference between this and this is any kind of special characters can substitute it inside this whereas here it is not substituted and then we just keep saying so we went through all these different things basically in the last lecture I hope it is a it is a right now like I mean you are much more capable of using tickle and then probably like I mean you can use so tickle for programming your various assignments and a couple of other things also we mentioned was so how to actually use some of these commands to provide the documentation or help commands things like that within the proc itself and then also like I mean we can we can so there are some guidelines for making sure that the programs are correct from the head go we talked about all those things so today we will be talking about the TCP port sockets basically like how to set sockets with tickle and then how do we communicate between various servers using tickle and then finally I have one example that we will kind of we will go through it there are some concepts that we learned in that example we will see how those concepts are these rules the six rules that I mentioned now also like explained there so we will see like I mean how those things play out and how does it work how does tickle work in a big command so let us look at first of all some of the networking items so we saw in the very first lectures as to how the old networking works we know that the late there are layers of a fraction we defined the seven layers for defining the network in a PCP scenario it could be just five layers but essentially and then the lowest layer is the physical layer which is essentially it is a wire that communicates between I mean our sense the real packets or real data between the two computers and then we also saw that how the internet is using this TCP IP protocol this is shown here and then we saw in fact even the IP addresses basically like the IP addresses are the long values essentially it is like a 32 bit number divided into like various octals essentially so and then we also knew that actually how to code all these values what is a subnet versus the main network address and then there are also like port numbers in the networking usually we use the port number 80 for any of the the web traffic and then 25 is used for the mail traffic so these are all like physical ports opening in the various servers and then we can use this to actually build pipes through which we can communicate and traditionally these pipes are known as so the sockets are built on top of TCP IP we actually saw some of the sockets earlier as to how we can use Unix five system across so the sockets essentially the main function of the puppet is it listens on a port for any connections and then it contacting the port on some machine for service so those are the two things that the sockets can do one is if it is in the current machine it listens for the port for any any connections that is being established and if you are communicating to another machine where your machine is more like a client and the other machine is a service then it basically it pulls that machine the once the socket is established it pulls that machine for service so these are the two main things that you may want to look into and then the tickle already has a built-in simplified socket network so let us look at how tickle works in this scenario so tickle has a built-in procedure called the socket and which creates this retro connection here there is a quick example set f socket and then the address and then the port number so now tell me like I mean how many arguments the socket command have actually there are only two here which is one is the IP address and then the other one is port number actually there is also an there is an additional argument that you can specify which is accept essentially and then when you specify the accept actually we turn a particular machine into a server and so essentially like I mean this means that actually is a server socket so your machine is now going to act like a server and it will it will service the request from other clients so let us continue with this one so the other one is like the f configure f configure whatever this socket that we got and then basically like we put some buffering on it and then the buffering is per line so every line the first line when you get it like I mean the person is called to store as a buffer and then the subsequent lines basically the previous line is stored in the buffer line and then basically we just use get and then basically we just read the socket and then write outside into this so now if you if you run this code essentially like I mean this load the HMO from stunts homepage anyway the server the socket is basically like socket minus server offset and then which port number that you want to open this socket on which you can specify the safety again we talked about this in the unit lecture the entire network just looks like a large file so that is why you can actually work these kinds of things so in order to execute certain processes we can have like two things one is we can use an exec command which is shown here and then we can also use ampersand so here we are starting emacs they basically setting the favorable editor to emacs and then executing the favorite editor with ampersand so this actually opens up a new window with a new emacs window and it won't obstruct the main process that is already working out and then the file name expansion itself like I mean we don't have to do it we can use the block command to do it so here a quick example is from LS glob start or C that gives you all the C programs essentially and then if you want to open pipes