me. So I'm going to be talking about quantum linear algebra over the course of the week. I still haven't like totally pinned down what I'm going to talk about but it'll be around that area. And I'll basically be following the lecture notes which I just checked apparently they're on like the PC my website now or I think I put them on my website just now. So okay but for the first lecture I'm going to be talking about this for the first I think maybe a few lectures I'm going to be talking about quantum singular value transformation. And this is a framework for doing quantum linear algebra and it's been useful for sort of it's a useful tool for quantum algorithms in general because it's proven to be useful in a variety of settings. And by the way feel free at any time to ask questions if if you have any. And the motivation for quantum singular value transformation or QSVT it comes from Hamiltonian simulation. So here the problem is that we have some Hamiltonian which is a matrix but in particular it's a linear combination of some terms EAs and then what we'll use about these terms is that they are products of Pauli matrices. So I guess in particular we can say that they're like P1 tensor P and where these are Pauli matrices. And the so so it's some object but you can sort of specify it with a sort of small number of it has like a small description. And so the sort of reason why you might study these things is that they appear commonly in physics. You can imagine for example you have these like when people are studying many body systems. There are settings where you have these for example if you look at like the easing model which is what people study when they want to understand many body systems. You can imagine like I have a bunch of qubits and I put a qubit on each site. And then I have some like local interaction terms between the sites. And then for example one such term could be a term that is the identity on some of the qubits. And then it has some interaction term between like adjacent qubits. And so linear combination of these is going to be sort of the interactions that govern the system. And the goal of our Hamiltonian simulation problem is to implement e to the i h t for some for some t. And so we're gonna this is e to the i h t you might recognize term like a Schrodinger equation. We want to evolve a quantum system with respect to these with respect to the dynamics sort of defined by the Hamiltonian. Now early algorithms for this basically proceeded by using this trotter approximation. So what this is is it's basically that if you take your Hamiltonian you can sort of approximate it by an evolution of individual terms. So you can evolve with respect to e one for some small time and then e two with some small time and so on. And the idea is that this approximation works when C is large. And so you could just take C large enough that this is a good approximation. And then all of these terms they will probably meet you see them so they're sort of easier to implement and then you can use this to perform the unitary that you want to perform. The issue with this is sort of that there's some inherent limitations if you just try to apply this directly. So I'm not an expert in trotter approximations or anything. But I think like naively if you try to do this then sort of the value that you need C to be, so if you want to get like an epsilon approximation then you might need C to be you know naively as large as like poly one over epsilon. And if you try to apply this then you're going to like ruin your gate complexity. So over the course of like there's a bunch of works on this that eventually got like the optimal time complexity. And the approach ended up being this QSVT that I mentioned before. And so I'm going to explain sort of the sketch of like how you can do this with QSVT. And okay so it'll basically proceed by defining something called like a blocking coding. And you can think of like a blocking coding as like some sort of quantum circuit. And this quantum circuit is going to have some properties that are associated with the thing it's encoding. And then the second thing that we're going to observe or like these algorithms observe is that you can get, can implement blocking coding for your Hamiltonian H. And then what you can do is you can use some properties of these blocking codings to take your blocking coding of H and turn it into a blocking coding of sort of a polynomial of H for H for a piece of polynomial. And finally what you can do is you can take this P of H, choose P in the right way such that you can, such that P of H is going to approximate each of the I, is there a minus sign that I missed? Okay sure. Minus IHT. Okay so this is like the basic idea. And then this blocking coding is something that you can apply to a quantum state. So this is sort of how these things are going to work. And the rest of the lecture is just going to be me sort of explaining this. Any questions so far? So first I'm going to define this notion of a blocking coding. There are a lot of different definitions. This is going to be the definition I use. So for a matrix, it doesn't have to be her mission or square. It can be rectangular. What we say is that we say that U is a blocking coding, it's a blocking coding of A if U is some quantum circuit. So it's, I guess it's a unitary. So I should say is some quantum circuit. So here I'm like referring to the unitary here though. Such that sort of A is in the top left corner of U.  So, right, so this is the definition. Another way that you might define this is to say that BL dagger UBR is equal to A. And here this guy is like the identity, but it's only considering like the first R columns and this is the same thing, but you're only considering the first C columns of the identity. So I'm just writing the same thing, but I'm doing, but I'm sort of writing it more in the linear algebraic way. And then finally, like for the purposes of this talk, I'm going to assume that everything is like powers of two, so we can write everything in terms of qubits. And then what this is is that if you have some, that you can index it into your unitary U in this way. And this is also going to be equal to A. Okay, and sort of this right hand most one has sort of, you can imagine it like operationally, like I have my quantum state, I add a bunch of, I have a quantum state that's the size of, that's the size of C.  And then I measure, and I post select on the measurement being zero. So like I start, I add AR many qubits, and then I measure AL qubits. And then if the measurement is all zeros, then I'm going, then I sort of like I applied A. So that's how you should be thinking of it. Great. Okay. So there's going to be times where, I don't know if I'll get to it, but sometimes we're going to say that things are like Q blocking coatings. And what this means is that this quantum circuit has Q many gates. So it's like, or O of Q, I guess. So I'm going to maybe include the gate complexity in here too. Okay. Now, so I define this blocking coating. What is it good for? Or what's the point? Well, something that you can observe immediately is that if you have a unitary U or like a quantum circuit. So if U is a quantum circuit, then it's a blocking coating of itself. Yeah, then U is a Q blocking coating of U. Okay, just because U is in the top left corner of U. And in the same way that if you, if your quantum circuit is mapping psi to U times psi, then our blocking coating will have the property, will have the property that we can convert a copy, copies of psi to copies of a times psi. And the thing here is that a doesn't have to be unitary. So it's sort of more general.  A lemma. Oh, I'm saying a quantum circuit is a blocking coating of the unitary matrix. Yeah, I'm not saying yeah. Any other questions? Yeah. Yeah, so there are restrictions on A for like only certain kinds of A can be put in a blocking coating. One simple thing that you can say is that right, so if if you have like A in a blocking coating, then the spectral norm of A is bounded by one. So you need the spectral norm to be bounded. And this is just because, you know, U is has a spectral norm of one. And so if A is inside of U, if A is a sub matrix of U, that means A has to be bounded by one in spectral norm. But apart from that, I don't think there's any restrictions. Okay. Right. Okay, so just to formalize what I was saying before about applying A, I am going to say, okay, so if we have U, that's a blocking coating of A, then we can say, okay, then there's a quantum circuit that takes from that goes from a quantum state, psi, that's like, okay, it's the same dimension as A. Just take the dimensions to make sure everything matches to the quantum state corresponding to A times psi. Here I've just normalized it to be normal one. And then this thing will succeed with the probability the norm of A psi squared. Okay, and how do you do this? Well, the circuit is pretty simple. You just take your, it's basically what I said before, where you take your psi, you add your ansilla cupids, and I think that you want this to be the right hand side of this, but okay, it doesn't matter too much.  Okay. So before technically, you're measuring AL, many qubits at the end. I won't discuss this. I'll just pretend everything is square. Right, and so the reason why this works is that if you look at what this circuit, the output is, the circuit is going to be precisely, is going to output precisely this expression here, where here there's a psi on the outside. So like, I guess technically, it would be 10 series psi. And so this will be A times psi, because I start with psi, and then I add a bunch of qubits, I apply U, and then I measure and post-select. And the probability that I see the all zeros outcome will be the norm of A times psi. This is just what the quantum circuit says. Yeah, it might not be immediate if you haven't seen this before, but it's just a small computation. And so the thing to note here is that your probability of success is dependent on how big A is. Like, if A was unitary, so it had spectral norm one, and U psi always had norm one, then you always succeed, so you succeed with probability one, because this norm of U psi is going to be equal to one. But if A becomes very small, then you're almost never succeeding.  And so the thing to keep in mind is here, like, basically, it's the size of A matters here. And so if A is like, well, we'll see is that there are various ways to get blocking codings, and then they're going to be A but reskilled by down by something, and then that's going to show up in the runtime later. And like, essentially speaking, the scale of A is like the complexity, it sort of becomes the complexity of the algorithm. Okay. Great. Okay, so now I've explained sort of the basic thing that you can do with the blocking coding. Now you might be asking, how do I actually get a blocking coding? Yeah, sorry question. Do we know that it has to be, yep, you, so I don't know much about this, I think like, I think generically, if you give me a matrix, I can put it like provided that its spectrum is bounded, I can put it in a blocking coding. But this would be some question of like unitary synthesis that I'm not really okay. Yeah, okay, that sounds right. Yeah. What's the norm bounded by? Okay, I don't see it. Yeah, I don't see if I believe you. Okay. I think the thing that I know is like, if you have A, you can embed A over for benius over weight, but obviously, a respectional worth weight is better. Yeah, okay. So that's that suffices as an answer. Okay.  But in general, this, this probability, I think should be, I mean, like actually there, you can do like a quadratically better, I'm pretty sure. But yeah. Okay, was that? Okay, cool. So now you might be wondering, how do you get this blocking coding? I'm going to present a couple of properties of these blocking coding. So I'm calling these like extensibility properties. And there's a couple such properties that I'll talk about, which is that if you have blocking coatings of A and B, then you can get a blocking coding of A times B, assuming like all your dimensions work out. Similarly, if you have blocking coatings of A and B, you can get a blocking coding of some convex combination. So here, maybe I'll say C0A plus C1B, again, if your dimensions of A and B match up. And I think, yeah, so the complexity here, so if this is like, these are like, here, if these are like QA, QB are the complexities of your A and B blocking coatings, then these guys will be QA plus QB, as the size of your, as the complexity of your blocking coatings. And so, oh, I need help. Where's Chris? Do I need a passcode? It's blocked, yeah. Well, it's not showing, so it's fine. Yeah. Thank you. Great. Okay. Right, so using this, then we can actually get a blocking coating of, we can get a blocking coating of age since so returning to our Hamiltonian simulation problem. If we're imagining that we're looking at all of these linear combinations of terms, we can notice that these EAs were poly matrices, and so we could, they are unitaries, and so we can implement them efficiently, or they are unitaries that we can implement efficiently. And so this H is some linear combination of these EAs. And so we can use, we can use this second property iteratively to get a blocking coating of some rescaled H. So maybe I'll say H over C. And I think the thing, the value you need C to be is just the, I think this is the value you need C to be. And if you look at Hamiltonian simulation runtime, this is, this appears in the runtime. Okay. So, so we've gotten our first part where we have a blocking coating of our Hamiltonian. So now I'll give resketches of how you get these, how you prove these accessibility properties. So first of all, this is multiplication. Okay. And the circuit is, I'll just write down the circuit here. So I'm imagining I'm applying it to state psi.   And then what we can do is we can, I think this, okay. What we can do is we can apply U here and then apply V here. So this, this, this goes on. And so this is going to be my blocking coating for, I think the way I wrote it, it's B times A. And the way that you can see that is that there's basically two circuits going on here.  And they correspond to this circuit that I mentioned above where if you sort of selected on the sub matrix for everything is all of your auxiliary qubits are zero, then you see that from this circuit, since it's just a composition of these two circuits, you get B first and then, or sorry, A first and then B, so it's B times A. Does that make sense? As for a addition or I guess linear combinations, this is the technique that is used is also called LCU or like the linear combinations of unitaries. This is the same thing. But I'm going to show it for just, this works for like a more general linear combinations. I'm going to show it for two. So what you can do is you can take, first of all, something that you can do is like if you're blocking coding, if you're UNV or different sizes, then you can always pad one with the identity until you get that UNV are the same size. Like if you use a blocking coding of A, then identity tensor U is also a blocking coding of A. So I'm just going to pad so UNV are the same size.  And I'm going to apply UNV conditioned on this one, this qubit. Okay. And this circle here means it's conditioned on the value being zero and the filled in circle means it's controlled, I guess, controlled on the qubit being one. And, okay, so why does this give you what you want? You can, if you look at what this guy is, I'm going to write in terms of block matrices. So what this is implementing is it's taking, so this controlled V is going to be controlled on the qubit being one. So this is V and if the qubit is zero, it's performing the identity. I guess these are zeros. And similarly, this U, I'm only applying U if the qubit is one. So in that event, I'm applying U and then otherwise, I'm applying the identity. And so this is equal to UV. And then what this VDagger v thing is doing is it's saying, okay, V, maybe I shouldn't be using V. I should be using X. What you can do here is you can then say, okay, what is X? I'm looking at X tends to the identity here. So X apply to the first thing. And it's going to be equal to sort of X zero zero. Right? So it's going to be this dagger times UV. So this is what my expression is. And I want to see what this is a blocking coding of. So I'm looking at the top left block here. And so the top left block is going to be, if I can do it correctly, it's X zero zero squared times U plus X one zero squared times U. So here, X is like a unitary. So these two sum to one, the X zero zero squared and X one zero X one zero squared. They sum to one. So I'm able to get this convex combination of U and V.  And so this allows me to get like linear combinations that are non negative. And if I want to get more general, then what I can do is I can modify these to have some, to have some phase here. And then this will allow me to get like arbitrary complex combinations as long as their magnitude sum to one. Okay, any questions about about these? The block matrix picture? Let me see. What is it going to be? It should be like, I think it's just, like, I think basically what it is is it's just like, you want to draw like a four by four thing. So it's like, it's like one of these things is going to be like, let me see if I can do this on the fly. It's going to be you and then this guy is going to be like, or yeah, it's a little complicated, because you have to like, it's like the dimensions sort of you need to work out, they don't work out. This is nice because you're just attaching it. So it's like, yeah, it becomes a two by two block matrix. Okay, any other questions? Okay, sweet. Now you might imagine, like, what can I do? I just showed you how to get like linear combinations. I just showed you how to get like products. And so this means like, if I have a block coding of a, then I can maybe get blocking coatings of like, polynomials of a, just by using this tool of like, okay, I get, I can multiply by a, I like add something, and I multiply by a, so on. And so this sort of works. So I'll define what polynomials of a means because it doesn't maybe quite make sense for non square matrices. So, okay, just some quick definitions. So if we're looking at in a matrix A that's her mission, then this means that, okay, we have we can write it in terms of like, it's eigen decomposition. So my eigen values and my eigen vectors, then we can apply any matrix, any function to that matrix by just applying it to the eigen values of, of a. And so the thing to note here is that if f is a polynomial, it like matches, it corresponds to the thing that you get if you apply, if you just plug in u into the polynomial. Maybe I should just say like, like, so if you're applying like, say p of x is equal to x squared plus 2x plus 1, then sort of then if you plug it in, just by saying p of a is equal to a squared plus 2a plus the identity or something, then this is equivalent to the definition you get when you apply it to the eigen values. So what happens when your matrix isn't square or isn't her mission? So now we're looking at for a that's potentially not her mission. Then we do have a singular value decomposition of a. And then we can define something called like the singular value transformation, singular value transformation of a, which is that if we have some function and it's odd, then we can apply to the singular values. And when it's even, we can apply to the singular values. But the difference is sort of like, we look at, we change here so that this is a V instead of a u. And the reason I'm defining it this way is so that it makes sense with respect to polynomials. So like, for example, if I have p of x is equal to x cubed plus x, then p of a, the definition that I defined just now, maybe I'm going to add an SV to denote that this is like a singular value transformation. This is just going to be the same thing as a a dagger a plus a. And if it's, you're looking at some polynomial x squared plus identity, then this corresponds to like a dagger a plus the identity. So I'm just defining things to make. I'm just defining the singular value transformation to make sense in terms of polynomials. Right. Okay. And now, now that I've defined what these polynomials are, we can sort of formalize what we mean by we can just do arbitrary polynomials, which is that we say that's a degree D polynomial. Maybe I'll call it P. So you have some polynomial possibly with complex coefficients. And we say it's achievable if if we can some way have some way to map quantum circuits, such that we can get a block map a blocking coding of a and take it to a blocking coding of the singular value transformation, like p of a.  And what the extensibility properties show, it shows that x x squared x cubed and so on. These are all achievable. I guess like, you need to specify that this like, the new block coding is like efficient. In terms of the degree. But the way that but you can see that all of these monomials are achievable. So for example, here, what we do is we would we need to implement a dagger a. And what we use is that we have a blocking coding of a. And then we also have you dagger, or you inverse, which is a blocking coding of a dagger. And then so we can multiply them together. And then consequently, we can use our linear combination strict to get, then we can get that a polynomial, that's like a linear combination of monomials, like some some a k x to the k is achievable, provided that your sum here a k is bounded by one. Okay, so so here, I can just take a linear combinations of these x to the ks. And this will give me the sum that these are, you can get these from the extensibility properties. Moreover, I'm pretty sure this is like sort of all that you can get from these just chaining these two properties. And the thing to notice is that this is actually not, this is not all polynomials that we can hope for. One example of a polynomial that we could hope to apply is this championship polynomial, which I'm going to talk about in a couple of lectures. And this championship polynomials is, for example, the thing that you use if you're doing amplitude amplification, like oblivious amplitude amplification. And in particular, if you look at the coefficients, the coefficients are all like greater than one. So you're never going to have this property holding. And so you you do need something more. And there is a nice theorem, it's sort of like sort of the fundamental block encodings. And this theorem basically says that all polynomials are achievable, like all the every polynomial that you could hope to be achievable is in fact achievable. So if you have a polynomial p, that's even or odd, and you have that p of x is bounded by one for all values between minus one and one, then p is achievable. Okay. And so I this is a theorem that I'm going to probably hopefully prove next time. And okay, so this is basically why this all you could hope for. Well, if p of x is larger than one, then like what we need, we need that property that we need is that if a has spectral norm bounded by one, then p of a also has spectral norm bounded by one. And so in order for this criteria to hold, we need that p of x is always between minus one and one, whenever x is between minus one and one, right, because the singular values are always between zero and one, and you need this to be mapped to be to be something between minus one and one. And since p is even or odd, restricting to zero one doesn't really change anything in your constraint. Okay. So hopefully I've like shown you that this is like, this is a very nice result. And then so finally, I'll explain to you a little bit about like, how you use this to get your Hamiltonian simulation algorithm that we were hoping for. So turning back to Hamiltonian simulation. Right, we had our blocking coding of h, right, which we got from taking linear combinations of my unitaries, my unitaries EA.  And okay, this is pretty nice because what we're applying is we're applying cosine of xt to h here. And we're applying sine of xt to h here. And so these are both bounded, so they're both in minus one one. They both map minus one one to minus one one. And they're odd or even. And so these two properties sort of suggest that what we could do is we could find some polynomials, find some polynomials such that c of x is close to cosine of xt. And then similarly some s of x sub polynomial s that's close to sine of xt. Okay. And these polynomials, okay, these polynomials are also, we need them to be bounded and even and odd respectively. Okay. And so with this, we can take our blocking coding of h and then use our special SVT theorem to get blocking codings of csv of h and s these are because h is her mission, these are these in fact coincide with c of h and s of h. So it's not a deal. And then what we can do is we can take linear combinations of these two and then we get a blocking coding of one half c of h minus i s of h. And then the the thing that you see here is that this is approximately one half e to the i minus i ht. And here this approximation is like epsilon. Okay, actually, I think it is is precisely epsilon with these two bounds here. You could try to work that out. Okay, so here I get this blocking coding of one half e to the minus i ht. And so, you know, using the thing that I said all a long time ago, we have this psi. And with the psi we can map it to we can use our blocking coding that we've just constructed to get this one half e to the minus i ht psi divided by the spectrum of this guy. I guess we get some quantum state basically that's like we get something that's like approximately e to the minus i ht psi. And the one half sort of comes in like the probabilities like the probability of success is like one fourth here or something. So if all we wanted to do was produce copies of the state, then we wouldn't need to do anything. But there's also this technique of oblivious amplification that can get this one half up to like one minus epsilon with some additional like overhead. Right, so that's how you do it. And if you work out the actual complexities here, the complexity of the algorithm. So the actual cost of the algorithm I haven't explained to you what this algorithm is yet. But I'll just tell you that this is going to be the cost of like D uses or maybe I'll say the degree of C plus the degree of S many uses of H where C and SR are you know approximations. Okay. And if you wanted to figure out like so so this complexity, you can work out what this is. But it just boils down to how well can you approximate cosine of xt and sine of xt. And this is like the thing that is determines your complexity. And the right answers here are like that these these values are like, I don't know, like t plus, it's not exactly this, but it's something like this. It's like log t over epsilon over log e plus log t over epsilon something like this. It's the anyways, this there's some like right answer here. And this right answer is like the optimal thing that you could expect for for the Hamiltonian simulation problem or the optimal, optimal complexity in I believe all of the parameters for for Hamiltonian simulation. That's a great question. So I think so I think the lower bound for there's like a lower bound of t, because of this, like, no fast forwarding. And then there's like a log one over epsilon over log one over epsilon. And I think this comes from like this correspondence between discrete and continuous query models, or something like this. And I, I don't precisely remember like, what the right combination of these, these things are. Yeah, I can look into it after. But yeah, I think the I think the lower bound of log over log log does not go through polynomial approximation, which is somewhat surprising. I mean, it's not it doesn't look like polynomial approximation, I guess. But it is in this paper of like exponential improvement of simulating for our simultaneous. Yes. Yeah. This is not the tight, like, it's annoying because this runtime is actually not in different regimes, it's different things. So this is this is going to be like an upper bound for all of the regimes. But there's a right answer for every any particular regime where t is like small t is large, and so on. I believe it's like, yeah, in the literature, it's called this like r of t epsilon and that's the actual answer. And this is like the Lambert, something to do with like Lambert w functions. Yeah. Okay, so yeah, that's a that's my lecture. Are there any, any questions? Oh, yeah, that's a good clarifying thing. I mean an odd function and an even function, right? So like p of minus x is plus or minus p of x. That's what I mean. Yeah. So if you have a Hermitian matrix, then you can consider things that are not odd or even. But we're looking at rectangular things that we only consider those two. Any other questions?


It is the 18th of February 2003 and the city of Daegu, South Korea, is in mourning. The late morning rush hour has become the scene of a terrible disaster. The usually bustling Daegu metro is quiet, trains have stopped and the normally busy jongangno station is closed to the public. A fire has ripped through a metro train and has enveloped another that pulled up alongside it. Emergency services scramble to try and enter the station, but the smoke and toxic fumes are too much. Most onlookers know something terrible has unfolded, but to what extent, at this point, no one knows. As the coming days unfold and a wider picture of the disaster is uncovered, it becomes apparent that it is one of the country's worst peacetime tragedies. But it was no accident, unlike other well-known subway fires. There was a deliberate act, compounded by inadequate fire suppression systems and incompetence that brought sorrow to Daegu. Today I'm looking at the tragic Daegu subway fire. Welcome to Plainly Difficult, the Daegu subway. Today's video will start with a brief history of the city's metro system. It's important, as it was a contributing factor for the disaster, but also because I do like to nerd out on these things. So the city of Daegu is the third largest in South Korea in terms of population, with roughly 2.5 million residents. Because of this, it's probably unsurprising that it was considered for a metro system. Daegu by the 1980s had a heavily overcrowded downtown area. The city had seen a lot of investment under the Parkchung He regime and as such it was swelling and clogged up with traffic. Because of this, in 1985 a consultation was set out to figure out how to improve the city's transportation infrastructure and make the area more efficient to move around in. In 1989 a feasibility study was launched to see if building a metro was even possible. All the consultations were completed by 1991 and the first digging began for line one in December the same year. Six years later the first section opened to the public. The final part of the line from Jinxiong to Daeguk opened on the 10th of May 2002. One of the line's major stations is Jonggungno station, but we will stick a pin in this station for a little bit later in the video. The network would continue to grow with line two opening in 2005 and even a monorail being added to the city in 2015. But those final two we will probably won't need to worry about for this video. Back to Jonggungno station. So it was built as part of the original stretch of line one. It was a two-platform two-track affair with the two tracks running next to each other. The station is in the heart of the city which boasted plenty of places to work and to scratch that retail itch. It even had a shopping centre built into the station with direct entrances to the transport hub. This made the station the second busiest on the network behind Banwal-Dung station. Noteworthy for being the only interchange between lines one and two, but as a side note again for this purpose of the video it's irrelevant as line two wasn't opened by the time of today's disaster. But although very busy, the station had some of the network's narrowest platforms. The trains that worked the line are the Hangin 1000 series Taegu Metro trains. They run off 1500 volts DC over headlines and were formed of six carriages. Each carriage has four passenger doors per side and they were made of aluminium body shells with plastic interiors and vinyl covered seats and plastic handles. In the early 2000s the Metro ran serving the city, people pile on and pile off and all is well until a day in February 2003. It was the morning rush of the 18th of February 2003 and the Metro trains in Taegu are crowded with passengers. The early morning rush subsided and picked up again with workers for the city's retail areas. Many shops in the city open around 10.30am as such the morning trains get a second wind of passengers between 9 and 10am. Train number 1079 was no different. It was travelling along the line between Jinshong and Anshim station. The journey takes its way through the heart of the city. One of the passengers aboard is Kim Daehan, a semi-paralyzed ex-taxi driver. In 2001 he suffered a stroke and in its wake his mental health had significantly deteriorated. This would explain why he is travelling on board train 1079 with two cartons of flammable liquid and a lighter. After the train departed, Bangguodang station Kim began to frantically try to spark his lighter. This was around 9.53am in the morning. Some passengers saw this and tried to stop him. In the struggle one of the cartons fell onto the floor, spinning its contents. As the train pulled into Jeongangono station a spark hit the fluid and caught a light. Kim's legs and back caught on fire. Train 1079 fully birthed into the platform and the train doors opened. Many fled, including the perpetrated Kim. By now the fire was close to enveloping all six carriages. As the train's plastic-heavy interior burned with thick black smoke. It choked the passengers saloons. The fire now visible to the train operator Choi Yongkwan wasn't immediately reported. Some passengers who had managed to escape pulled fire alarms but this was ignored by the Machine and Equipment Centre. At 9.55am train 1080 was headed in the opposite direction. It left Taegu station towards Jeongangono station. The Metro's controller contacted train operator of 1080 Choi Sangyul. Requesting he approached Jeongangono station at Caution due to a fire that they could see on their CCTV monitors. Choi birthed his train alongside the full inferno that was train 1079. Quickly the flames spread across to the other train. He opened the doors and then quickly closed them to try and stop the smoke from entering. What he had actually done was trap his passengers inside with the fire. Soon enough train 1080 was also now a blazing inferno. But now two uncontrollably on fire trains tripped the fire detection system in the station which closed some of the fire doors hindering escape from the station for many. Another side effect was that the overhead power lines were also switched off. Train 1080 would only have its batteries to power the doors. Choi made three announcements advising passengers to remain seated whilst he contacted railway officials. When he finally got through he was advised to flee the train. He tried to open the doors but also took his train key and escaped. However the train now low on power hadn't actually opened up all of the carriages. Roughly 79 people were trapped inside and would sadly die. The fire spread around the station filling it with black smoke. The station wasn't equipped with emergency lighting or sprinklers. Because of this many became lost in the vast underground area and subsequently died of asphyxiation. The built in ventilation system couldn't extract the smoke quick enough, further hindering any escape. Emergency workers couldn't enter the station due to the toxic fumes and it would take until half one in the afternoon to fully extinguish the fire. Early recovery began at 3.30pm and around 1300 rescue workers had attended the scene in total. Officially 192 had died in the fire, however this number is not precise, rather grimly. This was due to the intensity of the fire, meaning that some remains were not at all remaining. DNA played a vital role in victim identification along with mobile phone records and in one case possessions were found but no body. 151 were also injured, making the disaster one of the worst for peacetime South Korea. The aftermath. Needless to say the disaster shocked a nation. In the subsequent investigations the materials used in the railway carriages came under scrutiny. It would seem the lessons from the Baku Metro fire and the King's Cross station disaster were unfortunately not learnt. The trains were not equipped with fire extinguishers and a lack of proper ventilation and emergency lighting in the station proved to be a big killer, with many suffocating outside of the trains. But even with all of this the disaster could have been lessened if the train operators of both trains had acted more decisively. The driver of 1079 didn't report the fire straight away and the driver of 1080 left the doors closed for way too long, didn't make sure that everything was open and abandoned his train without helping his passengers. As such both men were found guilty of criminal negligence and sentenced to 4 and 5 years in prison respectively. But what of the person who caused the disaster, Kim Dae-han? Well he was found guilty of arson and homicide. The death penalty was sought from the victims, families and the prosecution but he was instead handed life imprisonment. This wouldn't last as Kim would die in August 2004 from long term illness. Large parts of line 1 were closed down for extensive refurbishment works improving fire resistance and suppression systems. The fleet was revamped and renovated with less flammable materials but this would not just impact Taegu but other metros across South Korea where fire proofing work would be conducted. Sinting at a pretty big oversight in the rush to modernise the country. The disaster is a lesson for all metros across the world where fire can really be devastating. It's sad though that so many had to lose their lives to relearn the age old lessons of fires and tunnels are horrific. This is a plain difficult production. All videos on the channel are creative commons attribution and share alike licensed. Plain difficult videos are produced by me John in the currently very nice and sunny corner of southern London UK. I'd like to thank my Patreon and YouTube members for your financial support as well as the rest of you for coming in and viewing every week. I have Instagram and Twitter and a second YouTube channel so check them out for stuff behind the scenes and all that's left to say is Mr Music place out please and thank you for watching.


Felly er mwyn gael i'r gynllunio ar ei ddeffyn i'r sgaf, ac mae'n gynllunio'r gwneud diwethaf am y ddechrau'r ddechrau, chi'n ceisio ... ... ac chi'n ceisio'r ddechrau cynlluniaid ar y Helluffan. Mae'n teimlo i'r iman i'r gyffredig ar gyfer gweithio a'n hynna gymaint fel y gwirionedd yr oeddiad ac yn ddiwedd yn y Lleig, os yw'n gwybod yn mynd i'w ddweud? You've been in situations before where you've had to lift players' confidence. How can you go about doing that as a manager? I think basically on a day-to-day basis is showing the process of how we get over the trouble that we're in. We'll spend a fair amount of time analysing the player individually, talking to the player individually, and then looking at how he's performed this season, and then individually, and there's a unit saying, look, this is what I want us to try and achieve by the end of the week, what I want you to try and just achieve in the game, so we can see a steady process of all areas of the game increasing slightly, not asking for massive increases because that's going to be impossible at this moment in time, but to see a gradual increase and uprise in all areas of their game individually, small little improvements day in, week in, week out, and hopefully that starts bringing more confidence, which starts bringing more results, more results, gross confidence, and trying to get a run of games together where we're winning and drawing more than we're losing, and I think that's the most important thing at the moment. Building the confidence comes by us as a backroom staff, by making life easier for the players and the feeling at the moment to try and relax them and let them express themselves in the right way, and so that would be the environment on a day-to-day basis to lift the mood and to get the players a little bit mentally more stable and a little stronger mentally to go out and deliver their best performance, so they've got to really be capable of turning it round that way because the mind controls everything, it controls all the talent they've got, all the physical attributes that they've got, all the decision-making processes they've got, and so if we get the mind right we'll get the technical side right and we'll get the physical side right. You said when you left Crystal Palace that you wanted to take a bit of time out, you wanted to leave the rig as a club football behind for a while? I didn't just want to take a bit of time out, I was convinced that would be enough now, but it's evident, I suppose, it's the traction, the club itself, the people who I've known at the club, the people who I said before, who've worked at the club and told me what a great club it is and I most thought it was that, and hopefully I can put this difficult spell behind us as quickly as possible and start looking upwards, it's got ambition, that's one big key thing for me, it has ambition, and ambition going forward is very important for any player and any manager or any coach, or anybody that works for the football or any owner or director, ambition is what you need to have, and hopefully we can deliver to the fans which is their ambition to see this club get as high up that league and challenge. You know, I think that whatever has happened before we've got to all rally round together, our relationship, our will to do it all together would be my way forward, we're all in it together and we've got to give the players every possibility to play to their best and really give them no excuses for playing the best and getting them right back up to the top level of their game, and the quicker we can do that, the better the results will get. And just finally then, Simon, if you had a message for the Everton fans who were watching this, what would you say to them? Well, I'd say that this, I think that we will be working tirelessly in the beginning for the improvement of the players who are fit, and tirelessly to get the players who are injured fit and up and running as quickly as possible, and to get players enjoying the football again and trying to entertain the fans particularly at Goodison Park, and what I mean by doing that is yes, commitment, so they don't feel like the players are not giving their all, knowing that the players are giving their all, sometimes the result might not go for them, but at least they will have seen that. But at the end of the day, let's see us start winning again.


I was this close to passing on these, but ultimately I decided to pick up the Tom Ford Solanage quads for 2022 because I tend to really enjoy these every year.  It's been a lot for me to keep up with. I went through a phase of Tom Ford where I wanted to try all of his new launches, but then it just came to be overwhelming and quite honestly exhausting because the quality was so hit and miss and his items are not cheap. To the point where even I who has an excuse to buy a ton of makeup doing this as a full-time job was like, I can't, I don't want to. I've been disappointed too many times, but when it comes to the Solanage, usually they're really good. But these I thought looked interesting. So I did, I caved, I was weak, and I picked up both of the Solanage quads. So if you're new to Solanage and Tom Ford, every year at the holiday season, he launches these Solanage quads, which I'm probably saying that wrong, but just let it go, let it go. And they're all very white, icy and very wintery. And I always end up really enjoying them. I feel like they look so sophisticated around the eyes. So I got this year as you can get them on Sephora. They just actually launched on Sephora very recently. I picked mine up from Nordstrom, but I will have all the places that I'd recommend picking up down below. Let's go ahead and get into it. All right, so these are called, as I said, the Solanage eye color quads. They are $90 each. That's why I was hesitant, and I can't believe I picked up both. Now, how Tom Ford describes these eyeshadows is an eye quad with four multi-dimensional shadows inspired by the glacial radiance of skin kissed by wintery air. Again, that wintery kind of vibe. So this year's palettes are going to come in this box right here. Says Tom Ford Soleil eye color quad. Both of the palettes are made in Italy, and then both are going to come in a nice sleeve to keep your palettes protected. I hold onto mine for travel. And then here is the packaging. Now, this is not new packaging. This is the same as last year Solanage quad. I believe this was the same as last year Solanage quad at Silver. And here's the back in case you need to take a look. Now, Morgan, why Tom Ford? Why would anybody want to spend $90 on Tom Ford? Not everybody's going to like Tom Ford. For most people, it's probably not going to be worth it, but they have a specific look that is very elegant and effortless that looks really refined on the eye. The formula of Tom Ford, the formula that I love is very flattering for more mature eyelids. It's very easy to use. And sometimes it just takes a certain eye to be able to see the elegance that it provides. It's very difficult to explain, but it's just the Tom Ford factor, you know? So let's take a look at the colors. I'm going to turn the light down because these are icy. So when you open it up, it does come with a mirror and the palette does hold itself up. It also will come with two applicators, which, oh geez, I never used, but I don't know, just in case I keep them. Here's the first color. This is Shelly Lust, which looks like it's going to be terribly, terribly chalky looking and very light, but I tend to really like these kinds of shades from Tom Ford. And then this one right here is Opera Ski, which is one that I almost didn't pick up. It didn't look as nice to me, but it's looking more beautiful to me now that I have it in front of me. I'm still more attracted to the lighter one, I'd say. But let's swatch these and see. So we'll start off with Shelly Lust, which has rose golds and copper tones. Ah! So let's see. So we have kind of like an icy white champagne or gold shade. These feel more powdery and less slippery than some Tom Ford shades that I'm used to. They seem to hold a little bit more glitter than the really stuff formula that I enjoy from Tom Ford, but they look very pretty by swatch. Let's see. So here's the first shade. Looks pretty. The glitters seem a little bigger here than what I'm used to. Like, look at this. You can really see that with that swatch. Huh! Huh! This has potential to be bad. Okay, let's take a look at the darker one. I didn't realize that one was going to be so glitter filled. Interesting. Okay, this one is Opera Ski. Now this one has a smoother feel to it. It doesn't feel as glittery as chalet lust. I'm not crazy. You can totally see the difference. Totally different formulas. If you like that classic Tom Ford wet dry formula, you'll like the darker one. You will not like chalet lust. This one has some glitters. I feel like these would be pretty paired together. We're gonna see. We're gonna test this out. But very, very interesting. This is why I do review because I take the hit when it's bad. So here we go. Let's leave the lights kind of low for this so we can see in chalet lust because this one could be really light. Gonna start off with the darkest shade. I feel like this might be a palette full of just eye toppers. Let's pop this in the outer corner. My gosh, so much glitter. I know a lot of you are already crossing this off of your lid. I like glitter. But I don't know if you want it all in a quad, you know, for $90. Is this what I really want? Now they did launch all glitter quads last year, which were so much better. I don't know. I don't know. This is pretty actually. It holds no depth whatsoever, but this is pretty for like an all over one and done lid color, right? With all the glitter. I'm not hating because I don't even have glitter fall out. It's really pretty. Huh, this will be stunning all over the lid. I'm confused as to where to go from here because that gave me no depth. It was the color of my skin pretty much, right? Like the tiniest little bit depth it gave. Let's try goldy over here. I'm using a small brush because I got a small eyelid. I mean, it's pretty. Like I feel like I should have combined this with the other palette because this is all lid toppers. And this one added brightness. I mean, it looks really pretty on the eyelid. Okay. Then we have this one, which is almost like a lavender. I did wipe my brush off by the way. Let's just make sure they all four have some difference to them. Okay. This is like the worst review ever. This one has more smoothness to it. Like it's not as glittery as the other two. Be a very pretty lid color. Wow, that actually had a really pretty eye opening effect.  I don't think it's a palette that you can get a whole look out of. As you can see, this is a palette where unless you're planning on using this as one in done shadows, like you're not gonna do what I did today. I'm gonna start off taking the darkest color. We're just gonna run this along the lower lash line. This was not where I expected this to go. And that's the thing with Tom Ford palettes and partially why I review them as well because what you see is not what you get most of the time. But you see that refinement on the eye how sophisticated Tom Ford made a glitter shadow look. It's really, really pretty. It's not gonna be worth the money for a lot of you. If you are not in the market for like lid topper shades like these, absolutely do not purchase this. I want to be mad at it, but I'm not. Because all four shades look different. They hold something different on the eyelid, which is huge for me. They don't all look the same. However, this is like a complimentary palette. Do another palette, you know? We'll come back to this. I have pause about this, but we'll come back to this. Let's play with opera ski, opera ski, whatever. Now on this eye right here, I think we're gonna like this one better. And this is the one that I didn't want. So I'm gonna put my eye primer on. I use the Jacqueline Cosmetics First Base Eyeshadow Primer by the way. It's grown to be one of my favorites. I really like it for every day. Like if I'm doing, not what I'm reviewing right now, but if I'm doing a really heavy duty eye look, I won't use the Jacqueline Cosmetics. But this is perfect for like natural makeup looks. I feel like it does smooth over the lid. Underrated product anyways. Opera ski, please give me something to be excited about, okay. Okay, we're gonna start off with the shade right here. This is a Wayne Gus 03 brush. And I'm gonna pat this on the outer corner. This is a larger sized brush. Like when it comes to Tom Ford reviews, they always take me on a roller coaster ride because it's true. What you see in the pan is never what you actually get. It's always a surprise. Sometimes it's really, really positive. And then other times it's really a curve ball thrown in there. Okay, so this isn't very pretty. This is why I like Tom Ford shadows. I think this is blending out pretty much by itself. It's looking very smooth. I like that. Okay, let's get into the darkest shade. The depth gods, please make it happen. Okay, the depth gods partially delivered. It wasn't as dark as I wanted because sometimes Tom Ford can give you a shade that doesn't look really deep but then it's super deep on the eyelids. Not with this, it did give depth, you know. Depth gods were slightly listening. They were a little busy though. Out with this palette. I can tell you that. Ooh, but that's really pretty. Mm, mm-hmm. It's been a while since I bought a Tom Ford quad since they've been making me mad. This is why I like Tom Ford. Do you see how sophisticated this eye looks? It's shimmery, but it's not obnoxious. It's gorgeous. And you guys know I like obnoxious. Tom Ford, mm, they do it. I appreciate all styles of makeup. Okay, Blink Brush E14. This is like a rosy gold shade, but we'll see. It's a pretty lid shade, right? I feel like this palette's gonna look good on medium skin tones. Like as a really pretty natural rose gold palette, medium to deep skin tones, this will be stunning. I don't know about deep, but medium for sure. But I have a feeling this will look good on deep skin tones. Okay, now let's try the lightest shade, which has a little bit of like pewter gray in there. Probably not the best move for an inner corner color. It's like kind of grayish. Okay, let me sneak it a little bit more into the inner corner. Now, this is a Tom Ford formula that I really like. I like this palette. I think it's very pretty. It gives that Tom Ford elegance and sophistication that I was looking for. Really simple look. Okay, so I'm just gonna go back into this shade. I think this shade right here is my favorite. It's so pretty. It's like a copper, but I love how it looks. Rose gold with the rose gold shade. Okay, we'll get the deepest color now. Put up the depth out here. The Esum S31, let's just put this shade more to work. These are two very different looks. I'm gonna go into Chalet Lust. I wanna see how these shades will look as a lid topper. We're gonna use the gold because I feel like the gold is gonna go best. I mean, for it being a glittery shade, didn't do much on top of the other shadows. It added more. It added extra dimension and gleam. That's for sure, but was it enough? Tom Ford, why you always do this to me? Anyways, let me put on some eyeliner and mascara. So before I get into my final thoughts about the palettes, I did want to do some comparisons for you. I really didn't have that many comparisons, but let me just talk you through my thought process. We're gonna start off with this special one over here, Chalet Lust. I don't think I have a Tom Ford palette that has glittery sheer formulations quite like this. I did want to compare last year Tom Ford launched this lava luster palette, which was also an all glitter palette, but I just wanted to show you the differences in the formula. These are not the same whatsoever. I loved lava luster, by the way. You can see the lava luster, while it is very glittery, just like Chalet Lust. It has much more pigment to them and much more impact on the eyelid. I don't know why we went so sheer with this year's. Okay, I mean, I liked Chalet Lust, but looking at lava luster, I'd choose lava luster any day over Chalet Lust. I also did pull one of my lightest palettes from Tom Ford. This is another Soleil Nage palette, Soleil Elune. These aren't the same at all, so different formulas, colors show up different. So I did pull that, but I don't really think it's comparable. I mean, looking at the other ones that I pulled, they just are not the same. So this is, for me and my collection, kind of one of a kind. We'll talk about my thoughts later. Let's get into the one that has color, the one that I'm definitely gonna recommend more, which is Apreski. So I feel like Apreski is body lusts, rosy little sister. It's a little bit lighter than body heat. I don't have body heat anymore, but they remind me of each other. Fortunately, can't compare them for you, but I did want to compare kind of my more pinky-based palettes. So right here, I have Rose Prismae, which is a fairly new one from Tom Ford. The tones are different. This one is a little bit more icy. So top is Apreski, and then this is Rose Prismae. They're definitely different, I would say, but you can see the similarities that I saw. I also wanted to compare to one of my all-time favorites from Tom Ford, First Frost, which is incredible, another holiday launch. So First Frost is cooler, I would say. And honestly, I much prefer First Frost color story-wise, but they are not similar at all. It's like, both of these palettes, I feel like they are so safe and so basic, but I really couldn't find a good dupe within my own collection. Okay, so here are my final thoughts about these palettes. Are either of these standouts in the Tom Ford line? Do you need to grab them? Do you need these to be your first Tom Ford palette? No. I felt that way about First Frost, Lavaluster, Meadowlust, not these two this year. However, do I dislike or get angry at either of these, which I have done with Tom Ford palettes in the past, very far from the last one that literally invoked angered me, which one was it, Naked Pink? Also one so bad. These miles better. Now, if you had to pick one, I think the clear choice here is going to be Apreski.  The Shelly Lust I have mixed feelings about. I think the shadows are very pretty, they're very subtle, very luxurious. That being said, is she worth $90? No, not worth $90. I mean, you can see the microflying glitters in there. So lovely, I'm not mad I have this. I'm not mad that I purchased it, but you know, it's $90. And while the four shades do look different from one another, not different enough, they all are just so light. And I liked this a lot more and then I revisited Lava Laster from last year and Lava Laster was just a better formulation, a better curation of colors. And it reminded me like, no, this is not worth $90. It's very pretty, I think it's good quality, but it's too icy and sheer and I think a lot of you are gonna be able to agree with me on that. So a solid launch from Tom Ford, but nothing crazy, nothing that you gotta have, but very, very pretty nonetheless, especially a brisky over here. I'm happy that I bought this as a failure of a Tom Ford collector, somebody who has a lot of Tom Ford stuff. I mean, this one is still very beautiful and I'm happy that I picked it up and that's all I have to say about that. So if you tried any of these palettes, tell me down below what your thoughts are on these. So I hope you guys enjoyed this video and found that helpful. Make sure you like this video and subscribe to my channel and I will catch you tomorrow with Eats another review. I have so much to review, guys. Bye guys, have a good one.


I really, really like all the ingredients in this product. It has quite a bit. Hey, what's up guys, it's Josh here. This company Mojo reached out to me because I did a review on genius mushrooms a while ago and they wanted to send me this product. Now, I do want to say that if you have not looked into the nutritional mushrooms on the market, you should totally check into them. They have so many health benefits. If you're looking for more of an athletic mushroom, the number one I would suggest is Cordyceps. It's really good for the lungs. It boosts athletic performance. If you're looking for one to kind of heal the brain, kind of be a little bit anti-alsimers, I would suggest Lion's Mane. If you're looking for more of a relaxing kind, I recommend Red Rishi.  I mean, the benefits are almost endless with each one of these mushrooms and they're just so, so, so good. I have probably the most experience with Cordyceps. I got like a big tub at home. I think Cordyceps is the main mushroom that they use here. So to be honest guys, I really, really like all the ingredients in this product. It has quite a bit. The only thing that I would be concerned about is the dosage because these micro chews are very, very small. Apparently it has like 25 milligrams of caffeine per gummy. And when I first got these, I took a bunch at night. I think it had like three. And I looked at it and I'm like, oh crap, it has caffeine in it, you know? I actually didn't have too much problem sleeping. So this is the size of it right here, very, very small. I think, I don't know how much they say to take. Oh, so it says take one. And for me, I would take like two to three because this is like 25 milligrams caffeine. I really like all the ingredients in here. I'm gonna go over them right now. Taste is pretty good. It seems a little bit more solid than a normal gummy, but besides that, taste is good. Everything else is good. They feature two different kinds of Cordyceps and Lion's Mane. Cordyceps Militarious, I think the Militarious means that it's like grown in like a lab, but I think it still is really, really effective. So Cordyceps, it's the best mushroom that I know of for athletic performance. It's also good for your lungs. Pretty much an endless list of other health benefits too, but that's just generally, Cordyceps is like the athletic one. And then they have Lion's Mane here, which is again, is anti-dementia. I think they did a study where they gave rats dementia and they gave them Lion's Mane after and it healed the dementia. So it's really, really good for your brain. And they also have Ginger root in here. Ginger is one of my go-to supplements for digestion, for overall stomach health. It boosts testosterone in guys. It's just overall, it'll push things along in your stomach. If you're kind of nauseous, it'll make you not nauseous. Ginger is one of my favorites and it's just right up my alley that they put it in here. Again, I don't know the serving size. You kind of need a decent amount of Ginger, I would say maybe 250 to 500 milligrams for it to work, but I really do like Ginger. Mucina Purins, now I don't know if I'm mispronouncing that. Mucina Purins is from my understanding, is something that converts into dopamine in the body. And dopamine is one of the main chemicals that almost all illegal drugs go after. It is one of the most like addicting chemicals. It's one of the most like feel good chemicals. But again, they're using the natural way. This is naturally going to turn into dopamine in your body. And there is something called like tyrosine. Tyrosine is in all kinds of meats and things. Tyrosine turns into dopamine as well. But Mucina Purins, whatever it is, is even more potent at turning into dopamine than tyrosine is. I'm always looking for a nice little natural dopamine boost if I can get it in an energy blend. Okay, and then Sam E. Now I've heard of Sam E. I'll put something on screen, kind of giving a little overview about it. I did Google it once when I saw it, but I honestly don't remember anything about it. I'll put the benefits on screen. That's the only one that I do not know about. Then the last three things we got here are Panax-Agencine, which is just a general, kind of like an awakening aid. L-theanine, again, another thing that I really, really like. L-theanine, it just kind of gives you this relaxed, kind of a vibe. If you take a lot of it, it can be a little bit sedating. I think they did these studies that your brain has like certain waves.  They've done these studies on it. Theanine is also in green tea, so it's widely available. It's widely consumed. And the last thing you got is 25 milligrams caffeine. So I thought this was a pretty interesting product, guys. The main thing that I really like about it is all the products that they use. Again, I love Cordyceps. I like Lion's Mane. I like Ginger. I like that Mucina Puriennes. I don't know what Sam-E is. I like L-theanine and I like caffeine. And I like that it has no artificial colors, flavors. So many supplements that I've tried on my own that I like are in it. So it's hard for me not to like it, or for me not to recommend it. And then also if you're a guy, make sure to Google Red Rishi and Testosterone. I'm pretty sure I did that once and I think it might lower your testosterone. I don't know, but make sure you double check on that. I think Lion's Mane had no effect on testosterone. I think Cordyceps might increase it, I'm not sure. But I recommend if you're a guy or a girl, always Google your hormone with the product so you know if it's going to increase or decrease and so you kind of get the desired effect that way. So anyways guys, very solid product. Let me know what you think of Mojo Mushrooms. Let me know what your favorite mushroom product is. We're on the road of 50,000 subscribers and I couldn't do without any of you guys. I hope you guys are the best. Having a great day out here. Hopefully having a great day at home. See you all in the next video. Peace.


Members of the Italian media toured the inside of one of the Navy's newest aircraft, the P-8 Poseidon. I just took host nation media through the P-8 Poseidon aircraft. I could tell that they were very impressed, not just with the platform itself because it's such an impressive jet, but with the U.S. Navy sailors and the officers that fly and operate the equipment onboard. I mean, Italy has been absolutely superb in their support to us, and I was delighted to make the debut of the P-8 right here in Naples. These new aircraft will provide upgraded surveillance and patrol capabilities in the Europe-Africa theater and support exercises such as the recently concluded Northern Coast. So these aircraft are flying around the Baltic Sea, primarily in the waters near the Danish coast, looking for allied and potential adversary submarines. Reporting from Naples, Italy, I'm Petty Officer, I'm Vetsernandez.


What's up everybody, Jason here for jazby's casebricks.com, jazby's 10 box logo man mixer random teams just sold out Well, we're giving away also $1,000 in break credit So the way this works guys is that first we'll do the break or randomize the customer names and teams Distribute the hits out of these boxes here from one box of 1920 optic choice all the way down to 1718 optic blaster Remember no veteran common ship unless it's Luca, LeBron, Yannis, or Kobe and all rookie ship, of course And then at the end of the break we'll take all 30 customer names that bought in or one spot in and The top 10 names win a hundred dollars each in break credit. So basically a thousand bucks That's a nice little giveaway there. So there's a customer names teams will do the break Then we'll come back around my customer names again and 10 winners of a hundred bucks So let's do the break guys. Good luck Let's roll the dice and wow it's a snake guys just two times All right, so from Cruz down to Aaron Clark You guys bought those spots straight up and then from Zach T down to Victor you guys won those from status one two and three fillers To give away 18 spots basically So two times guys. Good luck one and two So there you go two times Nick Down to Mitchell and two times here now teams one To Phoenix sons down to the Atlanta Hawks. I remember there's a mixture of years here. There's 18 19 19 20 17 18 And as far back as 2012 13 so a couple draft class years in here So here you go. So Nick you have the Phoenix sons Jeremy a with the rockets Mitchell You have the heat Jeremy a with the spurs Tony with the pistons Pete or Peter Clark Sorry with the Kings so men with the magic Brian with the Nets Greg with the wizards Haven with the cows Tom's with the Thunder Peter with the nuggets Jeremy you have the Grizzlies Anthony with the Pacers Tony Barkey with the Celtics Cruz with the Hornets Brian I can see other clippers read with the Blazers Victor with the bucks Michael Hughes You have the 76ers Lonnie with the Bulls Cruz with the Mavericks Aaron Clark last one mojo jazz Peter with the Raptors Zach with the T wolves Brian Crawford the Knicks Matthew you have the Pelicans Christopher with their wizards Or sorry for the Warriors are Quinn you have the Lakers and Mitchell with the Atlanta Hawks So if you guys want to make any trades, I'll give you guys about a minute or so If not, I'm gonna close it and we'll get back to the break and start ripping. I think of anything I'll turn on the camera here. I'll start getting a little head start. I'm gonna rev the totally certified first right here And get that wrong I was totally certified. Yes All right, also guys, there's a Koby pack in here that automatically go to the Lakers All right, I don't see anybody making any trade off or some assuming no one's gonna trade So stick with what you got TWC trade when it closed. All right, so that's a totally certified box Now I'm gonna move on to just ripping some of these blasters and we'll go with the 1819 hoops blaster All right, let's go with the corkings 1819 blaster box All right, let's rip these next two blasters and we'll go on with the break And 1718 optic blaster or sorry 1718 personal blaster All right All right, you guys here's five first five boxes all blasters and except for totally certified and we have the lucky envelope contenders optic team all the Donner's choice optic choice and crown rail So open up the Koby pack number these all go to the Lakers And also let me just quick to show you guys the list again In case you're just tuning in. You don't know who you have Remember besides getting these hits, of course, if you don't get any hits to have a chance to win back some money You're gonna print $1,000 in birthday guys, but ten winners All right, so it's 2012 13 totally certified Vladi diva Autograph 13 out of 25 That's gonna go to the Lakers and Quinn Out of 499 drew good Luke right now It sold out Mike It's gonna be coming up in a little bit if you want to click that link that gives you the time schedules of what what's gonna happen It'll be happening in a little bit Danny Granger Relic Darren Williams and La Voie Allen rookie roll call 76ers You Got Jeff Taylor Thank you, man, I mean it's still there. I mean you probably just weren't here at certain times It's just the more I talk Yellow little sensation to cough, but yeah, it's much better than yesterday. That's for sure Lance Thomas rookie roll call to 499. It's gonna go to New Orleans Pelicans member New Orleans goes to New Orleans Charlie goes to Charlotte George Hill to 499 Carlos boozer and then we got Alonzo morning a little relic here for the heat Jason Richardson La Voie Allen to 299 and Kevin love Tony Allen All right, so there you go All righty next one is a 1819 hoops Tyler lied in relic and I believe you get one auto and run relic in a blaster Troy Bon Jr. Jacob Evans Yeah, down into bio it's a little blue border Musa Ricky Hoji Bruce Brown Stanley Johnson blue border Jerome Robinson I Leonard Lonnie Walker Lawrence Wagner Out of 49 Mike Muscala 76ers Landry Shamit Keita Bates purple little Reggie Miller Joe Harris Aaron Holiday I'm already skillman Or maybe not. Maybe it's just one relic or auto Find one autograph or not really Carter box on average All right, next up corkings we got a little Kevin Hootier Kevin Hootier here We have a little Aaron holiday And the new Davis a little LeBron James All right, there you go. All righty guys Next two boxes optic blaster 1718 and prison blaster 1718 so Tatum here John Collins, Rader-Rickie You got Justin Jackson and a Dwayne bacon purple Retail Jared Allen John Walker Kings Kerry Giles Tyler Dorsey, and we got a Damien Dotson. Wow. We got a rookie autograph out of the blaster. Not bad Nick's with that one Marcus Morris silver Oji on a nobie Rader-Rickie There you go. We got a Rader-Rickie autograph So that'll be for the Knicks and Bryan Croft All right, 1718 Jacob Evans We got a green Kristoff Borzingas We got a silver Demir Nelson Dearian Fox Prism We got a thick thick one. So I think this is like a patch or something downtown some I don't remember the relics being those so thick in this pack And we got Danilo galanari that's out of 10. Wow never seen these what a beautiful patch I know that's Denver patch and everything but it's clippers That is out of 10 for the clippers That's how you're right here somewhere in the corner What does it say right here? Traded to the clippers on 7 9 17 So unfortunately that's a clippers right there Nice patch Very super thick So clippers that's brine. There you go, buddy. All right guys. Well, we're done with the blasters and stuff Now we're gonna get to the very nice high-end stuff So good luck. I think I'm gonna go crown royal first I'll go crown royal I think I'm gonna go to contenders optic after that team all addition We'll go with the lucky envelope illusions and then we'll go with The last two optic choice right here. These are the last five boxes Very high-end stuff guys big hit or miss, but if you do hit some nice stuff So we go crown royal first 17 18 After this everything is 1920. Oh my god Shaquille anio Dwayne Wade d'Angelo Russell Jonathan Isaac rookie Yeah, Yannis onto the combo Nicholas baton The sova do I call an attempt Duncan number 299 And Timo's just because it's uh, it's exclusive in Timo in china first They sell it only on their website before it hits the u.s. All right. We've got a rookie here donovan michel That is panini's choice awards To 99 that is a rookie of course Donovan Mitchell you got a Laker Josh Hart's to 199 autograph Lakers that's going to quinn And then we got jared allen little relic brooklyn nets going to brine All right zoo contenders optic Timo china remember you can only find the gold and red waves in this product only The autographs are not guaranteed, but if you do find an autograph in here, it's extremely rare and they sell really well Remember in Timo all it is is that you get an exclusive that you can only find in Timo edition Which is the red and gold wave Hopefully we have a nice one right here and there's usually one rookie card at the bottom as well Wow Oh my god, I can't believe we pulled this in this mixer. This is a monstrous card LeBron James Zion Williamson historic picks first overall picks. Wow Cleveland Cavaliers is going to go to Haven and Pelicans Matthew. That's going to be a randomizer. Wow If I remember correctly, it's like a thousand bucks right here. It's not more. Wow out of a damn mixer box That is wild All right. Well, there you go.  It's going to go to the Knicks and Brian Croft Alrighty, good luck First we got a D'Angelo Russell And a Bruno Fernando rookie season ticket red wave So Wow, I can't believe I pulled this card. That's wild. All right now another team all addition This is lucky envelope meaning that there's only two cards and each are number to eights. They have lucky envelope for illusions. They have lucky envelope for Um chronicles. They have lucky envelope for select prism. They have all the envelopes That's my first time seeing the illusions version If I'm right correctly, these are all number to eight and it's just two cards could be a rookie could be just veteran base Uh, some of the bigger rookies, of course, if it's Ion or John or something like that crazy. They saw extremely well So, let's see what we got here First one we got Is a Denver nuggets. It looks like it's a little Chip here in the corner out of eight gary harris and the next one It's for the thunder chris paul six out of eight. So no rookie here, but Thunder addition six out of eight chris paul Oklahoma city thunder that is thomas And like I said, this gary harris unfortunate has a little chip in this corner right here It's kind of hard to tell on the camera, but once you get it denver, uh, peter, you'll notice it I'll try to put it in this way. It's good to go like that All right, there you go All right, last two blocks is now we're going to go 1920 donner's choice All right guys. Good luck under robertson's to 99 Rodney hood to 35 And we got jordan bone for the pistons to 99 And the first auto is a rated rookie and it's rj barrett Very nice nicks that is going to brand croft One of his last games at like 20 something points the next auto willy collie stein And that is a war is addition The war is going to christopher h Now we have the mojo's left So go left with the mojo's there. There can still be a big rookie hiding in there All right guys. Good luck jordan bone mojo. We got a cam reddish very nice You can ask brazdaikis Deandre hunter for the bulls daniel gafford And there you go All right one more box guys. Good luck Optic choice so six cards just one autograph. All right, we got yonis valentunas So we got a rated rookie And it's for the hawks and it's deandre hunter very nice that'll be out of 88 And The autograph Is nasir little for the portland trailblazers going to read we got a green Romeo langford is this out of five? No, I think these are just numbered Or a little extremely rare. That's a nice little color max though Uh, boston south is going to tony barky They have garen williams And a nice coby whites very nice chicago bulls going to lani That's nice It's a nice way to end it right there All righty guys when there you go that was the break quick little recap Um, here's all the you know rookies colored cards, etc. Etc numbered cards And then of course from the most recent boxes of higher end stuff But then coby white right there williams langford little hunter hunter Res dykes reddish bone gafford bones to 99 hood roverson willy colly stein rj barrett auto out of eight chris paul gary harris de angelo russell franando Uh rj barrett chaired alan relic josh hart rookie autograph Donovan mitchell dyke hood rookie danila galanar for the clippers had a 10 patch dottsin Lance thomas and lalee devock levoy alan, but of course, I think one of the biggest hits guys is going to be a randomizer It is the historic number one overall picks lebron james and zion williamson. So going out to one customer there So let's set up the randomizer guys So we're going to set up two dice rollers actually or we're going to set up not two dice for a two list First one we'll do is the historic picked randomizer And we use the same dice roller to give out the break credit as well So it'd be calves and pelicans All right, so here's the dice roller that'll be the randomizer for this dark picks. Good luck And then everybody has a shot of course to winning some break credit back number top 10 win 100 dollars in break credit each So good luck everybody. Let's roll it And it's a two and a three for five times historic picks number ones lebron versus zion. Good luck calves pelicans number one gets it Five times one two three four five Wow, it goes pelicans right at the end. Wow after five times Pelicans prevail at number one and that is going to go to matthew s Alrighty, there you go. Congrats. Now we're going to give away $1,000 in break credit top 10 get it after five times one two three four five Boom five times that was the five rolled a five top 10 get a hundred bucks And boom, so read at number one. Congrats cruise Brian cruise from status one peter from status two Lonnie from status one tony barkie from status two Brian straight up christopher h status two and michael hughes status one Congratulations guys top 10. They're going to get some money. I'm going to print this out Make sure I send out that break credit as soon as possible And uh, there you go guys. That was the jaspy's 10 box logo man mixer jaspy's case breaks.com


The Boucher State's Governor Bala Mohamed has set up an inter-government transition committee ahead of his inauguration for his second term in office on May 29. Mohamed said Odover should not have been a needful committee, he however acknowledged that the new cabinet will emerge to run the ministry's department and agencies. The notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.