Good afternoon everybody. Welcome to the US Institute of Peace. My name is Nancy Lindborg. I'm the president of USIP and I am absolutely delighted to welcome here this afternoon for her first visit to USIP Mrs. Bush. We're very happy to have you here. And I also want to welcome Ambassador Mohib from the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and Mrs. Mohib. Delighted to have you here with us. And we have many other guests here in the room. Thank you for joining us. Thank you for coming this afternoon. And for those of you who are new to USIP, we are an independent national institute founded by Congress 30 years ago and dedicated to the proposition that peace is possible, peace is practical, and peace is essential for US and international security. And we pursue a vision of a world without violent conflict by working in conflict zones with partners, equipping them with tools, with knowledge, and with training. And there's probably no place where USIP teams have spent more time than in Afghanistan working with civil society and government partners to help make peace possible. So we're delighted to have today a panel discussion to discuss exactly who are some of the powerful women helping to make peace possible in Afghanistan. And I have the distinct privilege of introducing our panelists and our moderator. Let me note that we will have ushers coming down the aisle to collect your question cards for questions after opening remarks. If you have a question, please write down your name, your affiliation, along with your question on the card, and we will make sure that gets on stage. So, first, let me welcome Mrs. Laura Bush, former First Lady of the United States. She has long been an advocate for expanding the rights and the opportunities of women in Afghanistan. She's traveled to more than 76 countries, including two historic solo trips to Afghanistan. And today, as the chair of the Women's Initiative at the George W. Bush Institute, Mrs. Bush continues her work on global health care innovation, empowering women in emerging democracies, education reform, and supporting the men and women who have served in America's military. We also have with us today Ms. Mina Sherzoy, who's a gender activist with more than 25 years of experience in economic development and advocacy. And Ms. Sherzoy has extensive experience in capacity building and NGO development in Afghanistan. She's worked with the Afghan Civil Service Commission and government counterparts to increase women's participation in government. And currently, she serves as Kimanix Afghanistan-based senior gender advisor and is also featured in the wonderful new book that we're here to celebrate by Mrs. Bush. Finally, I'm delighted to introduce Mr. Stephen Hadley, who currently serves as the chair of USIP's board of directors as our wise council and champion. Previously, Steve was the assistant to the president at the national security affairs for four years to then-president George W. Bush. And from January 2001 to 2005, he was assistant to the president and deputy security advisor. Please join me in giving a very warm welcome to our three wonderful guests. We're delighted that all of you can be with us. And of course, Mrs. Bush, we are delighted to have you here at the US Institute of Peace. And delighted with your new book, which is a series and a collection of wonderful stories. And if you haven't read it, you really need to do so. It's a terrific book. What we're going to do this afternoon is we're going to have a conversation among Mrs. Bush, Mina and myself for about 25 minutes or so. And then we're going to have a question and answer period from you. There are cards that have been distributed. Please write your questions on the cards, pass them to the aisles, and there will be runners coming down and getting them and passing them up to me. And we will try to get through as many questions as we can. We'll then at the end turn to our panelists, if you will, and ask for any closing comments. And then we will adjourn promptly at five o'clock. So again, we're delighted that you're all with us here for this wonderful event. I want to start, Mrs. Bush, with you if I might. You have a long history of being a real advocate and champion for Afghan women. You were the first lady to deliver the presidential radio address in November of 2001, and you spoke about the plight challenges and the strength of Afghan women at that time. Why is this such a cause for you? Of all the things you could take on as first lady is a cause. Why was Afghan women so important to you during your tenure as first lady? Well, right after September 11th, when the spotlight turned on Afghanistan, American women, including myself, saw women who were marginalized, who were left out. And the very idea of a government that would forbid half of its population from being educated was shocking to American men and women. But a lot of people started calling me to say, I want to do something. What can I do to help? And one of my best friends from Houston called and said, I used to be so glad I wasn't in your shoes. But she said, now wish I were. I'm jealous because you can do something. And I can't. So right then we formed the US Afghan Women's Council and many American women thought of various projects to support our sisters in Afghanistan. And that was really the beginning of my interest in Afghanistan and the women there. So all the years that we lived at the White House and since I've stayed in contact with many women that I've met through the US Afghan Women's Council or met on my trips to Afghanistan. I wanted to write about them. And you said you wanted to write about them. Why this book in this way, by the way, if you haven't seen it, it has a forward from Mrs. Bush. It's a wonderful, real praisey of the tribulations of Afghanistan over the last 25 years. It's wonderfully written. But why this book in this particular way? Well, it's called Voices of Hope. And these are the stories of women in Afghanistan. And because their voices were silenced, I thought it was important for all of us to hear what they have to say. Besides that, I think things have changed since September 11th and things have changed since that first time I've visited Afghanistan. And I wanted people to know that. So I think this is a great way for all of us to learn not only about each of these women and one man, one brave man included his stories, his story, but also for us to learn more about the history of Afghanistan. I think we think we know it all. But their lives really show the history of the last say 40 years of Afghanistan, starting with for many of them when the Soviets came in in 1979. And at that point, some of these women immigrated to Pakistan with their families. Some of them ended up in the United States after that. But nearly all of them went back after September 11th when they could go back. Some lived there the whole time through the years of the Soviet occupation and then the years of the Taliban and are still there. But I think I wanted to tell their stories. I wanted Americans to hear their stories. And I'm thrilled I have this opportunity to tell their stories with this book. You know, you're one of the people in that book. You were born in Afghanistan, came to the United States, spent most of your young adult life in the United States until 9 11, which was traumatic for all of us. And so September 11 2001, you decided to go back to Afghanistan. Tell us about your decision to return to Afghanistan and what you've been doing there, your life there now that you have returned. And first, tell them why you weren't in Afghanistan when the Soviets came in. Yes, I wasn't there. Yes. Well, first of all, I want to thank you and I'm very privileged to be here on the stage with you, Mrs. Bush and Mr. Hadley. And I want to thank USIP as always to putting together such a dynamic event and thanking everybody to be a part of this who are here today. I was young, had just graduated from high school, Tsaruna High School in Kabul. And my father was a diplomat and we were in Czechoslovakia. He was an ambassador at that time. And it just, we heard that the Russians took over, which was a shock. And it came in in such a shock that at first we didn't know, you know, like, okay, they invaded the country. I was so young, I didn't know the meaning of it. Because Afghanistan, I was raised in the golden ages, you know. We didn't think of war. I had never seen a gun before or a tank or anything else. So to me, it was like, okay, there's somebody invaded and they will leave and we will go back. So we slowly immigrated to the United States. Even my father had the attitude that after three years we will go back. And the American ambassador in Germany gave my father, he was going to give him citizenship, green card, everything. He said, no, no, no, no, I'm not going to do that. I'm going back in three years. So to make a long story short, we ended up staying for 25 years. The September 11 happened. And when September 11 happened, of course my father was one of the first people that went to Afghanistan. And he was the deputy political foreign minister. So I saw the opportunity, because a lot of people were telling me, don't go, don't go, it's dangerous. But deep inside, all these 25 years, I had such a passion to go back. And I always thought of the Afghan people being there and suffering. And I always thought of having, I mean, thankful and grateful for having all the opportunities that I had in the United States. So how could I reach them? And so there was three of us, three women. One was in Carmel, two, one was in that, I lived in California. So in the Bay Area, so the three of us decided to start doing fund raisings for the Afghan women. And we did fund raisings before too, because I used to do a lot of fund raisings and raise $2,000, $3,000 and send it to the camps. The best I could do. But this time it was different. The fund raising was like the doors had opened. So it's time to go now. Time to go and give. Time to go and help. And take people's hands and whatever the darkness has been in the past, let's overcome that. So that's why I've always wanted to go back, but until September 11th I couldn't, because of the war and the Taliban and what was going on. But after that I decided to go back. Yes. And what was it like when you went back? What was your first reactions? What was the environment after 2001? And then tell us a little bit about the environment now. I think being raised in the golden days, during the golden days of Afghanistan, and then being, I'm really grateful for living in America. And to be honest with you, I cherish my life here. Because America gave me security, peace, serenity, education, opportunities, everything. And I went there actually to be honest with you for three weeks, because I had two daughters. I have two daughters and they were going to college at that time. So I said I'm going for three or four weeks and I'll be back, which I've never returned until today. And so when I went back, one thing that I saw that triggered my heart and my mind at the same time. Because when I landed, they took me, the driver and my cousin, they took me to the American Embassy to register for security reasons. Being an American citizen you had to register. So I got out of the car and everything was done on the street at that time, so it was a bit of time. So I went ahead and started signing the papers and talking to the soldiers and I turned around, this was actually March 14th when I landed there. So I turned around, I saw this 10-year-old boy or 9-year-old boy in a raggedy clothes, barefoot, and it was kind of chilly. And he was polishing my cousin's shoes for a dollar. I just saw that and I totally freaked out right there. Because I started thinking how I was raised. When I was 10 years old, my nieces, my daughters, my family, my parents, my friends, kids, when they are 10 years old, they're in another world. They're not, even when they grow older, as parents, we ask them to polish our shoes. They never polish my shoes, even now. Even now I ask them. But that broke my heart right there. So what I did, the next thing I did was after a week, after studying everything, I went to my, I called my daughters. I said, look, there are people here. I have been around. There are girls that haven't been to school. They're your age.  So I know you need me.  I'll always be there for you. But do you mind if I can stay here for a few years and help and take care of these girls and guide them in a system in whatever way I can? So they were so supportive. And I always tease them. I said, no, no, you just wanted to get rid of an nagging mom. But they said, no. We knew your passion. We heard you on the phone. And when we have time, we will come and help you. So I'm really appreciative of that. Yes. Otherwise, I couldn't have been there. And a word about the situation now? The situation now has changed. As we all know, we say through the newspapers. I just came back on Wednesday. Things have changed in Afghanistan drastically. If you look at it from 14, 15 years ago, when you look at women empowerment, education, health, clinics, hospitals, the judiciary system, I mean, everything is not 100% perfect. But at least the seeds have been planted there. Let's put it this way. The only thing that's really a barrier to development of any country or anything you do in life is security. The insecurity and corruption. Two things. Like, for example, violation against women. I'll give you an example of that. First of all, there is just a system in Afghanistan. We have a lot of good laws. But there is no way of enforcing it. Enforcing it in the mean because of the corruptions get in the way. So what I saw this time, I was there for three months. I went again for three weeks. I ended up for three months. So the security situation has really deteriorated. And I know a lot of businesses are closing. A lot of people are becoming unemployed. So this kind of situation adds to the insecurity as well. Because when something happens, when something goes wrong, you don't know it was the Talib, it was Dahish, it was the thief, it was the person who was hungry, you don't know who did it. So right now that's where things are, the security situation. But even though, let's put it this way, the security situation has deteriorated, but we keep pushing. Thank you. We don't stop. Thank you. Ms. Bush, you've went to Afghanistan in 2005, then again 2006, 2008. Can you talk a little bit about those trips, what you learned, some of the insights you had, and perhaps some of the women that you met during those trips, some of them probably show up in your in your book now? Once I went to Bamiyan province and met the female governor there. And Bamiyan is the province that had the two huge towering six-century Buddhas that were carved into niches in the mountain wall. And I knew what they look like from photographs, but by the time I went they'd been destroyed and they were just rubble at the bottom of these two huge niches that had been there since the sixth century, but then destroyed by the Taliban. So there was this contrast between the ancient civilization of Afghanistan with these old Buddhas that had been destroyed, and then the idea that there was a female governor, which was the newer thing, newer since September 11th, and I remember coming to see her and what that was like and how thrilled I was to be there and see her, but then also this big symbol of the destruction of the ancient palimony really of Afghanistan. And did you meet some of the women at that time that are in your book now? I met most of the women that are in the book here in the U.S. through various things. Here Rosy and John who's here, let's see where the there she is over there and others whose stories are Mina obviously whose story is here. I've read, when I've been on the book to her, I've read from Mina's story the what she just told us, the story of seeing the little boy without shoes polishing the shoes of someone else and how that struck her and that picture stayed in her mind and led her to want to spend so much time there. So I've formed a lot of friendships with women in Afghanistan and it's been really, I mean and some of them are in here, some of the women in this book I don't know, but there are a few of them here as well today. I'd like to go back to something you started. There's a lot of intermittent press coverage here about Afghanistan, most of it bad, you know security's getting bad, Taliban are on the move and all the rest and I think we don't often appreciate how far the country has come and you started to talk a little bit about that. Could you say a little bit more about what has really been accomplished here in the last 14 years or so? Like I said earlier, we have accomplished a lot from 15 years ago, we didn't have girls going to school, we didn't have clinics for women, we didn't have women ministers, we didn't have women in parliament, so I can go on and on, especially business women, women advocates, the first year when I was there, let me explain it to you this way, when I first went there I was looking for women that they're doing the handicraft and the carpet weaving and all that, so I was looking for them all over the place and you couldn't find them, even in burqas on the streets, so I ran into this mullah and I kept asking, I just want to see like 10 or 15 women that I could work with and I could talk to and maybe I could teach them some days for economic empowerment purposes. He said okay why don't you come on a Friday and I will go ahead and show you the 15 and 20 women so you can work with them. I kind of didn't tell anybody where I was going because I know if I tell my dad I was going to this mosque, he will send 10 guards with me or he won't let me go, so I was afraid, but I did go with my friends and to be honest with you, I walked into that mosque, I had, I saw hundreds, hundreds of women with burqas sitting there and they were back, was facing me when I entered and I stood there, I said you got to be kidding me, what am I going to do with these hundreds and hundreds of women? So I stood there, I pretty much give them a message and talk to them saying that I'm here to help, I'm here to empower them so that they're not needy, they are not a charity case anymore because I'm very against becoming a charity case for the Afghan women, so you have to learn, you have to work and earn your money in order to raise your children, help your family and husband and everyone. So I lived there, that's what encouraged me to put together an NGO, so I put together an NGO for widows especially and I registered over 10,000 women and in six years then we did an assessment and to be honest in 10,000 women I had only 56 literate women, that's only high school I'm talking, high school which is, some of them were 8th grade, 9th grade so they were called literate and so this is what happened and then I was able to get you know funds from different institutions, donors and I did the capacity building and tailoring, sewing and English and literacy and computer classes as we started expanding but looking today you see a lot of Afghan women out there, this is what I'm trying to compare, at that, on that time you know you couldn't find anybody but now you find hundreds and thousands of women out there even in the provinces or in Kabul and on media for example you see them on television, the journalists, the teachers, I mean they're all over the place so it's not that difficult to find Afghan women now, thank God. One of the things in Mrs. Bush's forward there are some very nice statistics showing the progress on health and education, one that struck me I think at teenage girls now 36 percent literacy, 37 percent of the teachers in Afghanistan are now women so really remarkable progress and Mrs. Bush I know one of the things at the Institute and the Presidential Library you have been very instrumental in the women's initiative at the Bush Institute continuing the work you started as First Lady, what kinds of activities are going on in that project within the Bush Institute? Well at the Bush Institute we've had four classes of women fellowships, two from Egypt and two from Tunisia, we began with those two countries because they were the first and most active in the Arab Spring countries, we bring women all from the same country for a fellowship so that when they go home they have each other and they can introduce each other to their colleagues and their families and their friends and thereby broaden their networks, there's an SMU professor who did research that shows that your network is as important as your education level to your success and in societies where women are inside more they didn't have the chance to build the kind of networks that we as American women do so we've had now four classes, two Egyptian classes and two Tunisian fellows and we'll do another group this year of Egyptian fellows and our idea is just to continue to focus on these two so when they go home they really have a broad network now with the two groups and and and everybody else they've introduced each other to so that's one of the things that we're working on as part of our women's initiative, we have a women's health initiative, we in Africa we've added the testing and treatment for cervical cancer which is the leading cause of cancer death among African women to the PEPFAR platform, the AIDS platform that was set up when George was president, the president's emergency plan for age relief that's all across African outs really helped Africans build a health infrastructure with PEPFAR money treating the age to start with but now adding the testing and treatment for cervical cancer to to that so that's our global health initiative which of course is focused on women as well we have a First Ladies initiative we began with conferences in Africa with African First Ladies to talk about how they can use their roles in their countries while their husbands are head of state to work on issues that are important to them we've tried to match them with NGOs or corporations that are active in their countries and then talked about good governance the one African woman said well I know the government paid for your clothes and we said no they didn't Melanva there happened to be there she immediately said no they did not thinking about Mrs Clinton but but we do talk about good governance and the ways that First Ladies can help and now we broaden that to more than just African First Ladies we have a First Ladies initiative with First Ladies from all around the world what else here's charity she's the head of our women's initiative at the Bush Institute oh and then of course that US Afghan Women's Council we just which we just came from a meeting of here so African I mean Afghan First Ladies are part of our projects as well and working with Afghan women and that's obvious I mean that's what this book is and that's why we're here today and one of the things I thought is nice is it really is a I was honored had the privilege of sitting in on the meeting today it is a bipartisan effort I mean this is one area where Republicans and Democrats have worked together and I thought it was interesting that former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton wrote a nice blurb on the back of the book and I think it it continues to be a bipartisan effort here by the American people by the Congress and that's a wonderful thing mean I'd like to go back to you if I might and just ask you what is the sort of the frame of mind the spirit of Afghan women today what are they thinking about what are their their hopes particularly the young women who have who have seen such a change in their lives what's you know when you talk to them what's their frame of mind today what are their hopes what are their fears the frame of mind of Afghan women like I said earlier it has changed through the time of the first of the passport in the past 14 years they're not the same Afghan woman that they were 14 years ago they have come a long way they are they have learned their rights in every way and they're still learning I'm not saying if the whole country knows all the women they know their rights but they're still right learning and the other thing is they have learned how to advocate and their spirit is high all the time one thing I found about young women no matter if it was the golden ages of Honest on or the bad days or it doesn't matter where they are how they are how bad it is they have a high spirit they're very brave they're very courageous and they have the strong inner hope that it keeps them going all the time I have seen women that has really been through a lot of hardship and it just surprises me that how she comes to work the next day with a smile on her face and still you don't know what she has been through and it's that mask that she wears I call it it's that mask that she wears in order to look strong to move on and to and convince her children and her family it's okay that everything would be fine and of course just like everybody else Afghan women are like the like the other women in the in the world we're not any different than the Afghan women it is just the differences what kind of opportunities are given to them and what kind of opportunities are given to us that's the difference and the insecurity also plays a major role for them so Afghan women and overall they're in high spirits and their dream is to be just like everybody else a normal mother normal wife normal citizen and they just want to live just like everybody else even though like I said things are really getting rough these days but I don't know if you have seen the news and all that how they're pushing on the Farhanda case they're going they're advocating they're all over the place just one example so nothing stops them we're going to turn shortly to some questions from the audience I have a lots of good questions we'll try to get through as many of them we can I'd like to have a question really for each and both of you before we do that one is sort of unbalance are you hopeful for the future of Afghanistan and what can we the international community and we as Americans do to try to sustain the gains that have been made this bush could I start with you I am hopeful and I'm hopeful partly because what mean is said because I do know the spirits or in the strength of Afghan women and I think that's comes across in the book and in the stories of the women that are interviewed in the book so that makes me hopeful and I also think that the whole international community we in the United States as well as the whole international community needs to continue to do whatever we can to support women in Afghanistan and support the Afghan people we need to help them build an economy so people can have jobs so people can make money so that people can be become independent and those are the things that we need to continue to do but I also was heartened that President Obama chose to keep our troops there I think we need to keep the troops there we need to make sure that they had that Afghanistan has the security to be able to build the stability to form their government and continue to work on what they're working on I know Mrs. Ghani the new first lady of Afghanistan is very effective she's a member of our US Afghan women's council that met earlier today and sent a message to us she's hoping to build a women's university with women professors so that still when the traditional fathers don't want their daughters to go to university because of going with men or having men professors that there'd be an option for women and I think that's a good way that Americans could support her and that is to try to help in that way as she builds this women's university but obviously the most important thing is the security and our troops can help on that Mina same question to you are you hopeful and and what should we be doing I acknowledge Mrs. Bush and I agree because without security security is a number thing number one thing without security you cannot move forward everything starts collapsing around you and and we don't want the international community to leave as well we have started something as the international community and we have to continue and make it really solidify you know make it happen and make and show the world that you know we were there not 15 or 20 or 30 years and it happened you just don't want to leave a country in chaos when it's in chaos and that shows the failure on the international community so we have to continue what we're doing and we have to really pour more money into development than the military I'm sorry it's just if we have capable people and if people have food on a table and they have jobs why would you need military this is a question for me because I'm not a politician but I'm an activist so that's what comes to me all the time so for me first comes the development yes we do have to train the police to a limit we do have to train our military because of our neighbors but if you have good citizens and if you don't have hungry citizens who can be bought by your neighbors or by any politician or anybody I mean you will have a stable country but unfortunately for the past 14-15 years yes a lot of money has been poured but it hasn't really been poured into the real real development side of it it has been a lot into the military and police which has not been very effective either so even now the money a lot of the money has been allocated to the defense and military but I think if we could just add to that and add more money to development to develop people to give them jobs to create jobs the other thing that has happened with the trainings we train but we don't follow we can train all we want there should be a follow-up program maybe up to a year not short term but long term yeah we can do the trainings a month, two months or then everybody leaves okay so many women were trained and so many men and okay big pictures and done but we have to follow up if this person really found a job if this training was effective if it wasn't effective then what should we do to make it effective because we have already spent a lot of money and we want to see the a result that's successful to everybody to the donor to the Afghan people to everyone so that's where I'm coming from I don't want anybody to leave but to get more money added to the development side of it good and food is a security issue as well in fact they think that one of the reasons the Taliban and the that was that little boys were put in these madrasas but their parents put them there because they were hungry and they got fed so their food ends up being a security issue as well I want to I've been reading this one part of the book that I think fits what what we're talking about right now in the rest of the world we live in a very fast-paced life we want everything to happen in front of our eyes we don't think about the future we don't invest in the future unfortunately and that needs to change I'm sure other nations have gone through this societal change probably hundreds of years ago I think it'll happen in Afghanistan we just have to be patient and not give up because once you give up you have to start from scratch all over again right here this talking about the the non-security side and an issue that's very dear to the heart of USIP this is a question from Barbara from PAE for both of you the US government is implementing the largest rule of law program of its kind in the world in Afghanistan what should be its focus in the next five to 10 years particularly as it pertains to women and girls Mina do you want to take a shot at that one? sure good luck like I mentioned earlier the rule of law we have laws we have many laws needs to be enforced we have to learn how to enforce laws and how to use laws I remember I did have a in my NGO for two months I had a training for women lawyers this was probably 10 years ago and it was very interesting for me to find out that one of the lawyers she was being abused by her husband at home but then she would get out and go to court and try to defend everybody else so when I found that out I sat her down I said if you cannot defend yourself how can you defend others she started crying she goes even when I'm standing there trying to defend others I'm not making it because the judges that are there they have already been paid or they're stronger than me or the one who's across the table from me the other judge the opponent I mean the lawyer is stronger than me and I always get defeated this is why I need this training we need to really focus on women and judges and the attorneys starting from the university that's where we need to start working maybe the second and third year of the law university to start kind of practicing with them and advocating for them and teaching them how to defend themselves first in the house if you cannot defend yourself within your home within your own circle then you cannot defend yourself outside or defend anybody else and I also know lawyers and attorneys in Afghanistan that are women let me tell you they're very tough but there's just a few there are in that many and I think we need to really tap and focus on the younger generation that are going to be the next lawyers because the lawyers that are there from the past maybe 45 or 50 at that age I'm not trying to discriminate or anything it's really hard for them to change their way of work and their way of implementation and attitude and all but one thing we can focus on is the younger generation and teach them to really be the real lawyer to be in that court to win to go with an attitude that I can win so that's what I think good job thank you next question don't ask such a hard one yeah yeah they're all hard one of the ones they're sort of two that are related one comes from Marissa Ensor of Georgetown University and is a question for Mina I'd like to first ask this one Ed for really again for both of you this is from Lalit Keja of the Pajwa Afghan News I probably mispronounced that I apologize there's been on and off again talks peace talks with the Taliban on again off again uncertain how it would go do the women Ms. Bush that you work with and some of the women in the book that you know and have talked to and Mina for you as well are there fears about the peace process and fears of a peace agreement between the Afghan government and the Taliban for what it will mean for women for what it will mean for the progress that women have achieved since 2001 will you go ahead I mean it depends on the way you give up if you to make peace with the Taliban I thought the latest I read is they left the table the Taliban have they come back or do you know as anybody know here they have left the Taliban have left the table recently I think in the last couple of days Andrew Wilder and Scott Kinney Hekmatiar who's one of the folks has indicated that he is willing to participate in the Afghan peace process query whether that will have an impact on the Taliban so it's I think it's still on again off again but the question is really are there some anxieties sure there are of course there is a lot of anxiety especially among women through this peace process and if you look at the whole picture the overall picture if you have in the peace council the peace council that was created years ago when you have 70 men and five women or six women how do you arrive at peace because there was five or six women that were selected they also cater to whatever that 65 or 70 men are saying so women are in minority and women are scared of course they are they're in anxiety and that like again they're fighting this in every way they can and they are so they don't get sacrificed you know during the peace process so they give you know they like during the Taliban times how women were secluded from everything and they don't want that to happen again because we have gained so much for the past 14 years and there is no way we will sacrifice that no way it doesn't matter what I mean I could I could tell you this because I come from I always have these gatherings these women and when they come from these meetings you should see their faces say over my dead body that was there that's how they speak there is no way I'm going to give up what I've gained in 14 years and politicians I'm sorry would sacrifice my right to the Taliban in order to bring peace that is not peace at the end of the day we are isolating half of the population so I don't think it will happen it is just an ongoing thing there is a lot more involved to it than the women it is what our neighbour country is asking for they're asking for a lot of things that Afghan people are not going to give up so that's my understanding of the peace council we've talked a lot about women and girls and the important role they have in Afghan society in the important role now in peace building one of the things that came up in the meeting earlier today was related to this question unsigned as you will how important do you think efforts are to reach men and boys in addition to women and girls if we are to change the culture and values of the society well that has to be done for sure reach men and boys I said earlier in the U.S. Afghan women's council meeting that one of my friends said to me I don't know why you're working with the women it's the men that need the work and there are efforts and we did hear that in the meeting earlier to work with men to talk or boys especially to talk about peace and conflict resolution and all of those other things but I think what happened is these boys weren't parented the ones that are grown up now that are the terrorist or the Taliban they didn't have parents who taught them how to be men and taught them how to mother and dad that taught them how to live instead they were sent to these madrasas and they were brainwashed and they were not taught how to get along with people and that's what a family a good family does a mother and a father and that has teached all the children the boys and the girls how to get along with other people and that other people's lives matter too Nina I agree with you Mrs. Bush but there's one thing and being in Afghanistan for the past 14 years that I've recognized yes we first have to work with the boys with the men because if the men and the boys are brought up pro women then we don't have to exactly do anything else any problems and in the meantime what has war done to these men we have to look at it this way and I cannot blame them most of the time it's because that boy that was born 30 years ago he was born during the war and you have to be protective of the women and children and the girls during the war so he was then the Taliban came so that was like an icing on the cake for this whole thing the mentality so that boy has been raised with that type of a mentality protect your woman don't show your woman don't show the girl and right now we are going through a social change and it's going to take time it's going to take probably another generation or two for men to come out and say yeah it's okay for really in a very normal way that we're doing it here you know it's okay if my daughter goes to work it's okay if my daughter goes to the movies it's okay if my daughter does this or that or my wife right now you see these challenges it's because of the war the war has brainwashed the men in Afghanistan and that generation is still there and it's going to be there for another maybe 30 years but it's going to take a long time maybe two or three generations so you could really see the change this is a related question from Mira Ayazi who's a student at George Mason University it's a little long but it's a good one as a first generation afghan-american I've been raised to learn how to balance my afghan heritage with my western surroundings given that Afghanistan has a patriarchal structured society what clashes or conflicts have you seen arise as a result of the resistance to women's equality that some may view as a western idea rather than an afghan idea and how have you seen balance created with tradition and this so-called western idea of women's equality and empowerment okay go ahead this beginning to be like jeopardy yeah exactly well the first thing that's very common it's the word gender the word gender in Afghanistan I mean the gender is equality empowerment between men and women and all of that I mean we know what it means it includes male and female but when you talk about gender in Afghanistan they all think women they think it's a western thing to have equal rights of women while to be honest with you in this long we do have equal rights for women there are rights for women there are good rights for women and what happened in the beginning when we all first went everybody went in without doing their homework everybody brought in the western ideas and unloaded in Afghanistan without thinking what is the culture what is the acceptance of all of these things how would people take this so when we started all these gender trainings it didn't go very well so you had to rename these things and really let people know what it really means and as an Afghan American when I've been there I've watched they would perceive you as an Afghan no problem but later in the day they would say okay you're here I know you're helping me I know you did this for me but you know what you have a passport you're going to leave you have that option and I always tell them yes I have that option but I'm here no matter what and that's one of the reasons these are all the perceptions because Afghan people they really have to trust you and I don't blame them for not trusting anybody because to be honest everybody has come in and invaded and left and ruined and took so they don't trust anybody and it has to do with the war and the way they have been treated and now for the past 14 years yes thanks to international community thanks to all the donors they have been there they have pushed issues for women like for example politically to be in the senate to be in the parliament to be in the government I mean the four ministers so it has been the four and push as well not only the government but still they have these doubts until you overcome those doubts with the western issues they will doubt the western issues anything you put forward they will think twice whether okay whether it comes from Germany it comes from Egypt it comes from America it doesn't matter as long as it's from a foreign entity they think twice they think they just don't want to go for anything anymore they'll think twice and say yes or no thank you very much we regrettably have come to the end of our time I want to thank all those who submitted questions and my apologies to those who submitted questions we didn't get to I'd like to turn to our panelists and just ask if you'd like a last word before Nancy comes up well I'd like to introduce the women who are in this book would you all stand the women who come that are in the book and I also want to say I think we've left to bleak of a picture it's not as bad as we made it sound today it is important that we all stay involved as Americans in Afghanistan it's important that we keep our troops there and to try to give Afghans the security and the space of security as they continue to build their country and for all the international community to continue to do the things they're doing in our meeting earlier with the U.S. and Afghan women's council one of the things we thought is so many non-profits have gone in maybe we ought to figure out how to get some for-profits in Afghanistan so they can see if we can be employed and make money and try to figure out ways to help develop the country so that the Afghan government can stand up and be the ones that take care of things in Afghanistan I just want to add something to all of this when I saw the book Mrs. Bush I'm really honored as always to be around you thank you and I'm thankful to the U.S. Afghan women council and they have been done an incredible job when I saw the book it reminded me it took me back to 14 years ago so I want to read something to you I just don't want to mess up the honorable Mrs. Bush I would like to thank you on behalf of Afghan men and women for all the work you have supported and cared and the care you have given the Afghan women and children you even went to Balmian I do remember those days I gave my first lobbying speech in Chicago in 2004 in front of 400 American businessmen and women I had to convince many leaders with my speech to believe in Afghan women's capacity and to fund for the projects after a long speech I ended with the following sentence with a lot of hope this is what the Afghan woman says still after her pain she says I feel like the thunder the dark days in this storm is left the sun is out now I just started blooming like a rose this rose needs tender love and care to fully bloom I do not want to die again Mrs. Bush through your leadership you have played a major role in watering these seeds by building capacity and today you have recognized a few of the blooming flowers in your book because 14 years ago it was not possible and I thank you from my heart thank you Nina thank you very much it's so so sweet thank you very much thanks everybody thank you Steve appreciate you on behalf of all of us here today and on behalf of US Institute of Peace I want to thank Mrs. Laura Bush Ms. Mina Shorzoi and of course Mr. Steve Hadley our chair thank you for reminding us that after 37 years of war it will take a long time maybe generational to fully emerge from that conflict but that there are extraordinary signs of progress and much hope and so thank you for your collective passion and inspiration this afternoon as we look at the pathway forward Mrs. Bush a special thanks for you for what you've done for Afghan women and women around the world with your work at the Bush Institute and thank you for bringing these beautiful powerful stories to all of us with your wonderful new book Voices of Hope and it's been an honor to host everybody here today I want to ask everybody to please stay seated while the panel departs the stage and please join me in one more round of thanks and applause for our wonderful panel


With us today, we have Simon Lau, SVP of product at otter.ai. He is a seasoned product leader with over 20 years experience building speech and AI-powered consumer and enterprise applications. Using artificial intelligence, otter.ai makes information from voice conversations instantly accessible and actionable by generating real-time meeting notes and audio that is secure, shareable, and searchable. Hello, everyone. My name is Simon Lau. I'm the SVP of product at otter.ai. At otter.ai, our mission is really to redefine the future of communication to be more collaborative, accessible, and productive for all. And we do that by solving the meeting note-taking problem. So who have meetings? We all have meetings. In fact, right now, this is also a meeting when we are in remote environment and we are in back-to-back Zoom meetings. Beth just talked about it earlier. There's just so much cognitive load in people just having work-life balance and be able to pay attention to all the important conversations that you have meetings. So whether you are in a hybrid world or remote work situation, or eventually we get back to in-person meetings, all these valuable conversation can be recorded and transcribed so that you can go back and refer to the important information. So we solve the problem at otter.ai by providing you an app that will record and transcribe all your meetings in real time so that everybody can focus on a conversation, engage in the brainstorming, or talking to your customer, or engage in your sales calls so that you don't have to worry about missing out any information and you can collaborate better by either reviewing the action items that are captured in your meeting or forwarding on to other team members who may have missed the meetings. And especially when you have remote team members who might not be able to attend meetings in your local time zone, that's super valuable. And so all the important moments can be captured, searchable, shareable meeting notes that you have everything verbatim. And not only is it a transcript, but it also synchronized with the recording. So you can quickly search and drill down to the important bits. We have a web application. We have iOS and Android mobile apps that you can run on your smartphone. And it also integrates to Zoom, Microsoft Teams and Google Meet so that you don't even have to worry about remembering to click the record button. So in fact, right now for this session, I have been live transcribing a conversation so far. And if we scroll back up, I highlighted a couple of important quotes. So Beth was talking about pandemic has really taught us really the importance of wellbeing. And also she mentioned a quote, algorithms are opinions in case and code, right? So these are key nuggets or gems of the moment. I can also add some comments. So let's say I want to highlight something and say, hey, Mitchell, let's share out this link so that everybody can collaboratively highlight and you can do that as well. Most importantly, so this is how you can see that in a live transcript. Yes, you can pay attention to the conversation so everything's captured. But let's say if you just want to take some notes, it's much easier to be able to just highlight something just like that and then be able to highlight it. Or you can just click on one of these buttons to maybe add a screenshot or add some comments, add some action items or highlight the important moments. Earlier, I also just add a screenshot to not this one, but I can certainly add a photo. So for example, I can take a screenshot of this or I can add some slides and then that would be directly embedded in line as part of the conversation, just like that. What does a conversation look like after the fact? So for example, order will further identify the speakers so that you can see who spoke when. So in terms of inclusion and diversity and making sure that everybody has a voice, you can kind of see who spoke what for how long. So that's one feature that is very powerful to make sure that for future meetings, everybody's voice is included. You can also click on summary keywords to jump to the important moments. And so that way you can skip to all the moments that are talking about parking, for example. And then you can play back important moments. The parking, even though it's single biggest use of parking spaces greatly else. Right, so this is just to demonstrate that the transcript is synchronized with the recording. Order is really, really powerful to be able to enable you to take notes seamlessly and you can collaborate better by having searchable audio transcript of all of your meetings. We have four plans. We have the basic plan to get you started for free.  If you're a business and want to purchase order for the entire team, then you can also get the order system to integrate with Zoom, Google Meet and Microsoft and also centralized billing and two-factor authentication.  So in a hybrid world where 75% of the professionals have planned to continue to work remotely or at least part of the time it's super important that you're providing tools to automate and help your team members work more effectively. So order can be a tool that helps you remove the burden of taking notes and making sure that everybody can share the important moments with your colleague. And these are just some of the key companies that have adopted order. So with order business, then you can roll out to your team, your department or the entire organization. Also higher educational institution are using order for remote learning as well. So I don't think I would have time to go through the entire video. So finally, let me just emphasize in fact order is transcribing this session because the auto assistant has joined the meeting as a meeting participant. So then a link can be shared in the Zoom chat window and we click on it. Everybody can go ahead and highlight and collaboratively. So you take an action item or somebody else had a decision and you wanna highlight the important moments. By the end of this meeting everybody has a meeting notes that can be shared instantly. You don't have to wait for a designated note taker. Everybody can focus and participate in a conversation and leave the job of note taking to order assistant. So with that, I'll stop sharing and take any quick questions.


So we have Mobile World Congress 2018 and who are you? Hi, I'm Tin Lin from Mediatek corresponding to Protamarketing. And you're launching the Helio P60. So this is OctaCore. Yes, and this is our most attractive SOC platform for mainstream and to high-end platform. It's the most powerful, right? So it's a Quad A73, Quad A53. Yes, we have 4-bit code, 4-small code, and for the 4-bit code it can help you to run some applications in higher performance. And it's also Mali G72, right? Yes. So very powerful GPU. Yes, Mali G72 can help people to enjoy some games without too much, with very good performance. And here you're showing, for example, that the computer vision engine right here is able to do very strong bokeh. Yes. You have a single camera? This is a dual camera. Because dual camera is a very hard feature for the mobile phone maker and they want to enable it. So we help them to pre-integrate the dual cam bokeh feature in our microphone. So they can enjoy this kind of technology without too much problem. And it does a very strong bokeh effect using the dual camera real-time computer vision? Yes, yes. We have two ISPs that can help our customers to do real-time bokeh and provide very good efficiency. You can see right now here. And what do you show over here? Okay. So here is another technology we provide to our customers. It's embedded in our P60. It's a hard way face detection. So you can see here, it can detect the face very quickly. And in different scenarios, it can identify the face very quickly. Compared to other solutions, you can see our face detection can be used for different scenarios. Alright. Cool. So that's important to focus faster. What is it for? Focus faster and find the face very fast. Alright. What are you showing over here? Next is another key feature of P60. This is our AI technology. So right now the P60 you run on these, what is this? This is our internal phone. We use it for our internal development. So it's a development phone for internally for media tech? Which... What kind of display do you have? This display is... It's not 120Hz, no? No. Can you support 120Hz? Can you support high? Yes, we can support 120Hz. So very fast UI, fast display? Yes. Alright. And this is about the AI? Yes. So what do you enhance with AI? Because AI can be adapted in different applications. So from media tech point of view, we would like to help all of the ecosystem player can integrate their AI application on top of our platform. So we support the standard enjoy neural network SDK and also help some key partner to integrate their AI application in P60. So you have a neural network on the P60? Yes. So how much performance do you have with the neural network? That depends on the application. But because the key point for the standard enjoy neural network SDK is a standard interface. So everybody can use this standard interface with porting to every platform without too much care. Is this called the mobile APU? Yes. We have in P60, we have mobile APU. This APU can help AI application to provide some hardware accessories function. So for example, face unlock, face recognition, for example, what else is possible? Okay, right now we have several different applications. This one is running on GPU and this is face recognition. So you can see the face recognition is very quickly. You can identify your face less than 0.1 second. Okay. So face unlock? Yes. And over here? Here we have 3D and emoji. Sorry. Yeah. Oh, sorry. So, an emoji is like an emoticon animated from your face, right? It's a new trend. Yes. Where people do all these advanced front camera bokeh, really? Okay. This is the single-camera bokeh feature developed by AXO. So, how does that work? You can see, it can identify you and blur the background. And this can do it in real time. So you can preview the front camera bokeh effect for this application. You can see the background is blur. Let me show you. Try on you? Yeah, you can see the blur effect is enabled. Okay. That's pretty cool. Yeah, yeah. Awesome. That's pretty cool. Because this is a single-camera bokeh solution. And it's also software solution. All of the OEMs they can adapt without power cost. Nice. So you don't need a dual-camera bokeh? Yeah, yeah. Thanks to the mobile APU, the neural network. Yes. This is running on our APU. So when you're running on our APU, the power consumption is about one-tenth of the... compared to the running on the GPU. Oh, one-tenth. One-tenth. One-tenth. One-tenth. Cool. And what are you showing over here? Okay. Dual-front camera, no? Yeah. You can... This is our reference solution for the 3D Stratolite. You can... Use the 3D Stratolite to do some face recognition. Ah, so this is face unlock using AIR? Yes. Infrared. Infrared, yes. And because it's... So the infrared beamer and infrared camera? Yes. Right? Yeah. Infrared camera. Yeah. One IR camera, one RGB, and one laser dart projector, and one flood illuminator. Nice. How do you cast this hardware to do this type of face unlock? Oh, this module. Maybe the factory price is $5, $10 more? The phone maybe? Yeah. We're working with another vendor. As for the price, we don't know yet, but it's a little bit expensive, but the accuracy rate is quite high. Yeah. All right. And this stuff can also be at the back of the phone, right? It doesn't have to be only at the front. Yeah. It can be at the back. Yeah. But the application you usually use in front, in the front?  Yeah. And also maybe you will use it for the payment, so front camera will be much more reasonable. But what I think maybe is more interesting is to do a 3D scanning of the space. You want to... Like Project Tango, right? Yeah, yeah. And Project Tango is in front? Yeah. Apple is at the back? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Right? But that's a different user scenario. Yeah, different user scenario for the rear camera. The use case is just like Project Tango or maybe AR solution. They maybe came for some maybe application. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, AR related application. Can we walk more and look around? Yeah. So you have some more demos over here. So you can do high quality voice over LTE. Yeah. Vi LTE is video over LTE, I guess? Yes. Wait a moment, I need to find someone. Switching 2.0. What is that about? Yes. Say other phones have two antennas.  So the transmission is lower. But we have three different antennas. So if you cover one of them and you block it, it switches automatically so that you don't miss the signal. And you don't lose any of the speed? Yeah, you don't. Full speed? Yeah. So like for example the iPhone at one point, you could not use it with the left hand. Yeah, so that's... That was what you fixed. Yeah, we fixed it. And provide much more practical solution to the phone maker. So that's part of P60? Yeah. And you have a power efficient modem? Yeah. Hi. Hi. What we're doing here is a real time simulation where we're using one of the MediaTek Helio features of connectivity, which is the Wi-Fi hotspot. And what we have here is an LTE signal generator which connects with these two boxes. In these two boxes we have one phone with the chip of our competitor and then another phone in the other box with the chip of... The P60. Yeah, with P60. And what we do here is that... Oh, sorry. So it's at different bit rates? Yeah, at different bit rates of downloading we see that our technology, what does... It consumes less power than our competitor, which means saving up to 40% of the power. And this is a real time demonstration. 50% power saving at 25 megabits. Yeah. For Wi-Fi. For Wi-Fi hotspot. But we went a little bit further than that and we also tried all these features. LTE standby. I thought hotspot. Voice LTE, voice INLT data link. And in all of them, our chips were saving power in compared of our competitor chips. Is this something you can do with AI? No, it's not AI. That's something else. It's relevant only for more than... Is it more than technology? Yeah, more than technology. All right. It's on 12 nanometers, right? Yeah. No, no, no. Yeah, 12 nanometers. So it's a new design with TSMC. Very power efficient. Yes, yes. And good price. Yes. High performance, good price, right? Yes, yes. All right. Do you have more demos? Yes, we have a... Here. In our PCC, we also provide some... You can enable the Palm Express while it's charging. While it's charging, yeah. Yes. So, does it charge fast? Yeah, it charges fast. Yeah. How fast is it while it's charging? Is it the fastest while it's charging the world? Yeah, it's fast while it's charging. In the receiver side, it can charge it with 10 watt. 10 watt? Yeah. 10 watt like... around two times to the conventional... Two times? Yeah, two times. Yeah, it's fast. So, right here, we're looking at... and this is the transmitter power. It's a 13 watt right now. But it's 1.38 amps? You don't need to care about it. Consider about it? Yeah, you just need to check the... So, if it's a 4,000 mAh battery, how long it will take to charge? In general, it depends on the phone. But in general, it's around two and a half hour to three hours. With the whole charge, yeah? Yeah, yeah, yeah. It charges to be similar to wire, almost similar. Similar to USB Type-C? Yeah, yeah, USB Type-C, yeah. Oh, okay. Cool. Because in wire charging, wire charging also has a fast charging and a normal charging. So, the wireless charging speed is quite similar to the wire. And so, in the phone, there's a big coil? Or where's the coil to do the wireless? In the center. Center? Yeah, center. What's the cost to add wireless charger in the phone? You mean the cost? The minimum factory price for wireless charging. Oh, it's... Is it five dollars or ten dollars? No, no, just less than two or three dollars. Two or three dollars? Yeah. So, every phone should have it, right? Yeah. Why do some phones not have it? I don't know. Because they choose to have a better... Yeah, yeah. I think every phone should have the wireless charger. So, this is the fastest chi? Yeah, fastest charger. And so, to do this, you have a receiver and transmitter? Yeah, this is a receiver. In the phone? In the phone. And this is a transmitter. It was at least 3181A transmitter. And how much is hardware cost to make? Less than five. Five. So, everybody should use this, right? Yeah, I think so. Okay. No need the cable anymore? Yeah, no need. Can you also do data transfer or you don't do that? No, we don't do that. Just power. Just power. Okay. Cool. Thank you. Here are another key feature about our P60. So, here are our another key feature. In our P60, we have very good thermal control. So, maybe you can introduce the thermal control. So, is it running right now in here? Yes. And you can see that the competitor A is completely burning up. I mean, it's very hot. This one is also quite hot. But there you find, you're blue. Yeah. Right? Yeah. They are the same, right? Yeah, almost the same. And the key factor of this thermal control is, you can see the thermal in this competitor phone is just focusing on this area. But in our phone, you can see the thermal is being spread in average area. So, does that have to do with how you manage the CPU? Yeah. The core pilot is your multi-core system, right? Yeah, yeah. We will have some technology to detect how the application will need the computing power. So, when we know how they want to consume the power, we will provide just in time the power consumption today and the performance. Is this part of the AI or no? No. Right now, it's no switcher. Yeah, yeah. The multi-core switcher technology. Yeah. And the A73 core is a very optimal high-performance core. It's better than the A72. In the X30, it was the A72 dual core. Now, quad core A73, very optimized, right? Yes. We should say the normator is A72 or A73. This kind of technology can apply in different arm architecture. So, we developed this kind of technology and helped the CPU to run in and provide a power consumption performance to the application just in time. Do you need something with the sensor? Yes, yes. We can show you another one. It's a little bit busy right now. Maybe we can go another. So, this is the core pilot. Core pilot, yes. So, what is it showing right here? This is the current. Yeah. P60. And the current for nonmeter. And this is the power gain compared to P60. So, you're comparing 10 nanometer chipset to 12 nanometer to 40 nanometer? Yes. And there's a 70% reduction compared to 40 nanometer solution. Yes. So, we're better than... But a 10 nanometer is even... Can it be less? Yes. Yeah. The... That's big, yeah. It's 14 to 12, yeah. All right. So, this is to explain where the 12 nanometer is placed in terms of power consumption. Yes. To run these kind of games. Yes. So, of course, 10 nanometers could be better, but is this one higher? Yes, even higher. Why? Because the GPU is better than yours? There are several, several conditions, right? Okay. I can maybe explain. Because you can see this 14 nanometer is 12. The nanometer is 10 nanometer. So, from the theoretical, the power consumption, the 12 nanometers should be in the middle. Yeah. But you can see the difference between this application. We have better... We have more... You will... The power consumption is almost approaching the 10 nanometer. Okay. This is the application. So, our compiler technology can help some application running on this chipset with very good power performance. But sometimes some application may not gain so much gain, but you can see, at least, it's almost similar, but better than the average. Nice. So, new benchmarks for SoC power consumption. Yeah. CPI architecture of the VDTEC. Oh, this one here is the one. Energy away scheduler plus. EAS plus. Yes. Thermal management UX military. All right. And there was a sensor right over here. What is this about? Yeah. Let's introduce another solution. This is our biosensing solution. Nice. So, what kind of sensor do you have here? Does it take a block pressure military? Yeah. We have six bioscience like here. We can output heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen level in your blood, and the fatigue also present in this. Also, the ECG in the picture from one minute. How do you do the blood pressure? Oh, okay. We test a big block around the arm. No, no. We test the blood flowing speed from heart to the finger. One finger. So, do you use something like this? Yeah, you can take it this way. How does it go to the finger? I don't know. You need something else? No, we figure out information from the thumb. This way. You need another sensor or this is enough to do blood pressure? Blood pressure, yeah. This does blood pressure? Yeah, you can test it by yourself. Do you want to check? All right. Oh, yeah. Okay, you try? Yes. Let me connect to the Brutus first. Okay. So, is this going to be available? Yeah. Is this going to be 56381? It's already available. For mass production. So, you can see ECG, right? And the ECG. The first coming is heart rate. 71. Then we're coming out with the oxygen level. 98, 99. And then we're coming out, how do you say the blood pressure? We measure the pulse with transition time from heart to the fingertips. So, give you the blood pressure. And then finally we're coming out with the exhaustion level and the pressure level. Like breathing? No, not breathing. It means you are tired or nervous. Something, emotional index. So, like this. So, my blood pressure is normal. And we upload your data to the cloud. It might give you an instant report here. So, my heart rate is in the normal region. The same for the SPO2 in the normal region. What's the SPO2? The oxygen level in your blood. And here. In your blood. Normally it's above 95. If you below 90 or feel dizzy. Or when you are climbing into the high mountain. Oxygen level. Oxygen. Oxygen. Oxygen. Oxygen. Oxygen. Oxygen. Oxygen. And then there's fatigue. Fatigue, yeah. Exhaustion level. If you are exhausted, the index will go high. And the pressure level. If you feel high pressure, the index will go high. This is a high risk. If you have irregular heartbeat. You have to try it. I will try it. This is great. Interesting. This already on the market? Yeah. How much is the price for something like this? The reference price is 6 dollars. How much? 6 US dollars. 6. 6 US dollars. Just 6. 6 US dollars. That's 60 or 60. 6 US dollars. 6 for this kind of sensor. What is inside here? So, there's an IR. Inval raid. And the photo diode. Photo diode? 3 sensors inside. What's over here? It's just the metal. Connection to the chip. Only this one is doing. And then the MT6381. Is that an arm cortex? No no no, just at the front end. Just a front sensor. How long? How do you charge this? The tragedy is that it's just a coin battery, kind of the last, it's over one year. So it's on the market, many people use this? There are two kinds of, one is some customer they put in to embed the phone, so you see like the major 90s way. Nice, you haven't embedded it in the fingerprint reader? Yeah, it's just a fingerprint reader, you see, the major process. So some customers they put this on the phone, some use the accessory. Because people touch their phones all the time, that's great. So can I see this one again? Where does it go? It works like this way. Major 90s way. So when you touch there? Fingertips, like this way. You put the other one there? Yeah, because we have two close-ups. 60 seconds? Yeah, give you 6 miles. Is this FDA approved? It depends on the customers. Is it accurate? It's very good. How does it compare with taking what pressure on the arm? Let's see. Our heart rate is CO2 and ACG can pass the FDA. Our pressure is close to the FDA. Close? Close to the FDA. So it's not very far from the accuracy of the FDA? Very close, very close. Because the arm is annoying? It's annoying and it's a bigger volume. Bigger volume? This one is just one like this. Yeah, you should try it. So is it already mass production? Yeah, mass production. So the first cell phone was coming out on April and it's coming out on May this year. Cool, that's awesome.


This 2015 Ram 2500 crew cab long box tradesman is stock number 12101Z. We're here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, near new and used heavy-duty truck headquarters. This 2015 Ram 2500 has the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel. It has been fully-safetyed and inspected by our service shop per the state of Wisconsin inspection process. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off, and this truck is 100% ready to go. Granite crystal metallic is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p, 60 frames per second, so if you have HD capabilities on your computer, tablet, smartphone, or television, turn them on right now because it is definitely your best way to check out the quality and condition of the truck before seeing it in person. If you like the video and want to subscribe to our YouTube channel, on the lower right-hand part of the screen is a subscribe button. Click that and then click the bell notifications and you'll get updated every time we do a video here at Summit Auto. It comes with the steel rims with the chrome covers and it has Cooper Discover AT3 tires. These are LT27570R18s and they have right around half the tread left on them. Frame and underbody for being a 2015 is exceptionally clean. Front fender is in excellent condition. I didn't see any dents or dings on there. The headlight lenses are nice and clear. Front bumper looks really good. Hood is in really nice shape as well, looks really good. Under side front fender is in nice condition too and the passenger side rim, no major scuffs or scrapes on there. As you go down this side of the truck, take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the truck, you can see the truck, hear the truck, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here. So when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from the comfort of your own home. Very clean down that side. This back rim is in nice shape as well and the back tires look like they have just about as much tread as the front tires, maybe even a little bit more. Frame and underbody once again very clean on this truck and it's like that all the way underneath as all the remaining factory exhaust hasn't been altered in any way. Lower rockers all look really good and it comes with some really nice factory painted black step bars. Hard to believe this is a 2015, it's in really nice condition. Coming around to the back, rear bumper is in nice shape, back up parking sensors, full towing package which includes a receiver hitch, four pin and seven pin wiring. Tailgate is in very nice condition as well, didn't see any dents or dings on there. Comes with a trifecta by X-Tang Soft Tonneau Cover. I didn't see any rips or tears in it. This truck comes with a sprain bedliner, has a gooseneck hitch in it and it also has seven pin wiring in the back but very nice and clean back here. It shuts nice and solidly and as you go down the driver's side just as clean as that passenger's side. Didn't see any dents or dings in the box for full disclosure. This back rim just as nice as the rest and down the rest of the side of the truck looks really good. Does have heated power mirrors inside. The tradesman package gives you the gray cloth interior, 40-20-40 split bench seating in the front, no rips or tears on the seats. Does have factory floor mats, auto headlamps, power windows, power locks and power mirrors. We'll hop inside, turn the ignition on. This truck has 60,174 miles. You do get a digital speedometer, compass and outside temperature display. Instrument cluster is very nice and clean. The steering wheel is in excellent shape. Cruise controls on the right, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left. Six-speed automatic transmission with the optional tap shift. This truck has AM FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities and I believe this is where your backup camera shows up as well. Turned out four-wheel drive. So this one has a factory brake controller. It also has an aftermarket brake controller so I'm not really sure which one is set up there. But you do have five auxiliary up-fits which is stability control, tow-haul, factory exhaust brake and you can turn those rear parking sensors off or on. Passenger side floor mat and seat are in excellent shape, no rips or tears on there. The headliner is exceptionally clean on this truck and you do get map lights up there. And then your speakers for your Bluetooth cell phone are in the mirror there. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we will start it up and take a look under the hood.  No rips or tears back here. Very nice indeed. These seats do fold up for extra storage and you do get in-floor storage right here with removable containers for easy cleaning. You do get child safety locks on the back doors as well and we'll start it up and take a look under the hood. Starts right up, no check engine lights or anything like that. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you'll be able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around inside and out. Under the hood we have the 6.7 liter Cummins diesel. Engine bay is very clean, runs very smooth. Once again this truck has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this truck is 100% ready to go. And to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, half tons, we quarter tons, one tons, you name it, we got it go to that website right there, www.SummitAuto.com, full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at SummitAuto.com. And if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash SummitAuto. Remember to like, subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel in the upper left. A link to more Ram 2500 truck videos like this one in the upper right. A link to this vehicle on our website in the lower left and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos in the lower right. Click those, check us out and we're super excited to help you with this Ultra Clean 2015 Ram 2500 true cab long box, Cummins Diesel and Granite Crystal Motel. Thanks again for checking out the video.