What's going on guys got Kyle and Shawn here with latent sports cards and we are rip in 2023 select baseball six box break number five Random team stop did a randomized for the break had Christian s with the Brewers down to Gary a with the Reds You can always find those results on our website latent sports cards.com. Good luck. Good luck here guys We got 13 to go on the next one second half of this case Do another random team six boxer? Then after that we are on to soccer. Thank you. Carrie taking one in soccer Find a spoon to sleep and Colin taking two in the next case should be down to 11 now Hey, thank you. Thank you for the support Goldstein always hoping everybody does well here Appreciate y'all in shadow hyping everybody else up. There's a silver Willie Sturgell Ozzie Smith Ricky Henderson say a tricolor on two Jones Braves Not number in Fuego that one is gonna be a South Freilich Mason hour And guys 11 to go in the second half of this case break right after this And we're on to some soccer Silver is Yuri Perez And this one is gonna be to 99. I'll be Rangers on the rookie RPA Owen whites To 99 Rangers That Shane you go Shane. Yeah, Rivera Keep it going Hey, I appreciate that my man. Welcome appreciate that my man Yeah, we done a little bit that ourselves Jim Rice on the white to 149 red Sox I actually got a box just yesterday of bowmen you I was ripping it two days in a row on fanatic, so I had to Had to hey, what's up, Lynn Lynn? How we doing silver Rod Carew and a redemption redemption It is Ellie Dela Cruz on the rookie signatures. We go reds. I believe that's Gary That is Gary with the reds nice one there my man rookie signatures Ellie on the redemption Let's go. Oh nice. Nice. Good luck on that one my man, and we just went through a case Got a arrow Vera that wants to 125 on the white Righty guys 11 to go on the second half of this case breaking next There's a scope of Robbie Snelling Nick Gonzalez There's a a Elvis Martinez that one's lime green to 75 One is going to the Blue Jays Unstoppable as Pete Rose no, I'll be marty. I got some football coming soon. There's Vlad senior that one's gonna go to nationals by way of the Expos numbers game Louise Gonzalez Silver Bill Masarowski One is Curtis Mead go raise mom. Come on. Let's see some files. He's some gold There's a Taj Bradley. That'll be tri-color for the raise and Bobby Whit jr. This one's gonna be player-worn on the select Silver Jersey Royals Bobby Silver is Jackson Meryl and this one is James Wood on the jersey. I want is nationals again No, Schultz. Oh, do you really? Let's go man. He's uh, he is very good. He is very good I'm a big Bobby fan. I Know Lane's got a couple big Bobby's as well. He's uh purchased over the years Good luck your box to guys Thank you Giovanni grabbing one in the next one Should be down to tend to go next tend to go in the next one second half of this case This one is tri-color. It's gonna be a Rick Farrell Washington and Jason Dominguez on the patch for the Yankees Cal jr. Tri-color one gone one's going to Texas Jim Palmer back. Well, is he there if she's there? I'm gonna go with ten. I'll probably go with ten Over under ten Say Allen Tramble. I think that might be low though. I think that might be low in Fuego Bobby Miller Number of times Sean pukes tonight Yeah, 10 10 kind of feels low now that I said honestly say Silver Jackson Ferris and to 49 This one is gonna be auto for the Braves AJ Smith Schauvert It's a cool-looking design there the red white and blue youth explosion for the Braves Griff McGarry Quinn Priester Slam the over on ten. I agree lucid Might be a little low. I didn't know she was for sure gonna be there, but if she is Oh, yeah slam it Pedro Martinez. This one is nice for st. Louis. We got select company auto mark McGuire We go Cardinals Big Mac Yes, we do goals. See we post every individual one to youtube We post them to youtube um under latent sports cards There's a ricky tideman scope We uh, we stream live on youtube and twitch. So we post them to youtube though I don't know if twitch has a Clip feature quite as easy as youtube does Um unstoppable peak crow. There's a filler Yeah, each individual personal group break all of that gets posted individually to youtube Silver johnny pesky Hey appreciate you my man Appreciate you grabbing a spot A silver john smoltz and this one is the 199 silver rookie jersey francisco alvarez for the Mets Metropolitan's Thank you. Jeff grab it a spot. I think we're down to nine now on the next one Thank you brian grabbing two in the immaculate, um collegiate Silver cooper jerpy. There's a silver itchy row on the unstoppable Dylan let's go let's go Silver is the kid ken griffy that one's for the mariners robin yount box two Or three box three Thank you. Eric Eric m grabbing a spot my man grabbing two in the next one And mike b grabbing a personal of bowman got you mike Get that going on later tonight should have plenty of room for what we got ordered so far Thank you guys. Thank you guys. I think we're down to seven now. I think we're down to seven now Select six box break it next Silver gar martinez. We got a for the red socks rookie jersey marcelo mire Red socks omar viscale yogi yogi How we doing today? silver bill masarovsky And this one is the 49 for the Dodgers. It's going to be ambi pahes on the red white and blue rpa Like those red white and blues Walt ford white 125 jud fabian for the o's junior camonero Good so far my man. Good so far. We hit a big corbin out of finest baseball. We hit an orange, uh, corbinado Can't complain so far magluo ardoñez. This one is a 99 nice one bosson silver rookie auto masatake yoshida We go red socks Oh, oh god We're having a nice night, man. Let's go. Let's go in so well Thank you. Uh, thank you, uh, benjamin taking the cubs in one of our mixers It was going nice, man. It was going nice There's sammy Bill masarovsky for the pirates the 125 There is sammy. Hey, thank you yogi for the cheers the samtron awesomeo There is a gill mcdonough. That one is a zebra. Nice one there. That is for the um, uh, yankies gill mcdonough or mcdougal mcdougal Did not say that right mcdougal. There's a rookie gray rot o's You got it today car.  Oh, yeah. Yeah We signed it for him. There's a uh Brendon damas tricolor probably can't read any of it. No very very bad autos compared to yours. I mean Compared to yours. We have terrible auto game up in there, right? Silver andrew jones. There's infuigo of dust and harris ranges Now we doing funk tricolor is tim wakefield our ip Lsc funkadelic man for a funkadelic sam i think it is or the funkadelic man Yeah, they were just anything funkadelic There's a daniel espino 75 lime green They found his of all the names. They're like, okay. That's that's the worst talking about on sports talk radio That is by far the worst. There's a brand of sports talk radio. Oh, man mad dog. I'm holding it too. That was uh, that was all over the place There's a steve carleton scope fillies big poppy sensations That sounds like a sounds like a wind carl That sounds like a wind I love tealaw, man. I'm all in on that I'm all in on that Take that today. He's been balling too. Yeah Get a good week last week. So Really just bought it. Let's straight up stall in silver mc abel It's a filler Well, let's go. Yeah make some sales Sam says got 2,200 cards listed Do you really? I'm at somebody told me last time. Oh my goodness. What am I at right now? Silver for call. This one is a rafi pomero rafael pomero there for texas on the jersey 614 That's a good bit. It's a good bit At least I've been come by a one time by 500 on the scope mason now Are they gonna control sam like that one day just buy all his cards on ebay Silver of a Diego cartaya. He'd probably enjoy it, but I want 600 bubble mailers sam Ain't no white envelope here. I want 600 bubble mailers There's a tricolor angel martinez 2,212 I want 2,212 bubble mailers, please I'm buying everything chipper jones silver Buying out the whole shop There is the 49 it's going to be a red white and blue rpa aj smith schauver Let me see the prospect ones. I don't believe so No, the prospect ones are not Yeah, they are not none of these guys I don't think any of these guys are most of them at least haven't played mlb games yet It would be Probably minor league if they did have some game warrants, but These ones are not errands of all the silver texas Caden Wallace Let's go sam Make it happen my man. I'm buying it all Silver is richie ashburn Thank you. Kevin buying a Bowman chrome you Rip on youtube and adonis. Thank you, sir Yeah, guys got another select the second half of this case coming up next down to seven seven to go In the next half of this case there's a tjm again This one is south freilich on the refractor auto or not the base base rpa For the brute crew south freilich Sounds like a good deal It's like a good deal. I'm gonna offer on every single one though. So Larry walker scopes. So let me know if uh, let me know if you like my offers I'm gonna offer on everyone I'm just gonna deliver it to my house. I can see that david cone silver Silver is rolly fingers nice mustache on a rolly That one's a silver rookie revolution jacob barry marlins Tri-color is michael bush dodgers And in fuego that looks like um, barelvis martinez blue jays Righty guys two to go and this one is half case number five random team stop get number six going right after It uh, it broke down today. It's because you don't want it sam It is uh, it is broken at the moment I barely got here. I had to uh, I had to make emergency Emergency exit on i4. That was not fun It uh, it did break down today. So well, I'm entertaining drive home. We'll see how that goes A kin griffy silver This one is filler Luis Gonzalez Yeah Some hype Tony la rusa. I want is a uh red white and blue and francisco alvarez. This one's a 99 or 199 on the silver jersey Mets rookie Yeah, I uh, I couldn't go over 40 miles per hour the uh transmissions and trouble or something Uh, I was not able like it wasn't shifting on i4. So Spackling the whole way here sputtering. Yeah, I really was Calling a pre-lip on the tricolor. I could not go over 45 on i4. So that was uh, not good Had to get off immediately I'm sorry. Yo, I didn't see it my bad Let's go yo appreciate you sir. Appreciate you sir. I saw the cheers There's a bobby wit silver And gavin williams this one is going to be a jersey auto For the uh for the guardians jersey auto gavin williams Yeah, thank you. Yogi appreciate you my man Silver how new hauser Do those santos? It is sam it is sam scope of uh furky jankins All these are getting you going today. I like it Silver hobby lopez this one is bobby miller rookie jersey for the Dodgers Excuse me Tom glavin Still seven to go guys seven to go in the next one second half of this case Select six bucks Silver riperto alamar Fonzo soriano What are you getting into right now sam We thought you might be watching some suits or uh some below deck earlier. So bobby miller silver That's gold vinyl That's gold vinyl It is cal ripton junior on the numbers gold vinyl one of one Let's go or the orioles That is clean Numbers cow ripton junior will mag that for the o's That is a clean design right there On the gold vinyl The gold vinyl cow there we go orioles Who got the o's that it's william s we go william Thank you, um michael m grabbing the kings and py t uh contenders optic Again guys just seven to go in the next one. We'll get another um another half of this case going Getting the gold vinyls going out of select guys very nice Say try color that one's going to be tyler stevensson right after this one big poppy on the silver In fuego that one's masataka nice red socks there box number five the last pack here Got a silver of furky Jenkins and this one is for our baltimore again. It's a gray rod on the rpa nice one there baltimore izzy base auto uh rpa of gray rod And above a chandler all right you guys box number six box number six Yeah, some solid stuff, man We'll absolutely take it Absolutely grats william again on that cow Is that muschamp that wasn't it? Yeah, well gator coach The silver miss iraski That's uh I love marty, isn't it? No, no, no, that's not marty Who is that guy out there? No, he's got clubs. Yeah, he's got clubs and shoes on But I love that There's a davis and dale asantos And to 199 we got a rookie jersey. That's silver murie perez marlins Yeah, oh maddy. Yeah, okay I know marty was the other one in Oh, it's dan mullen. I was wrong on the coach too. I was wrong on both. Yeah, I was wrong on both Yeah, that was a muschamp. Come on. Uh, jud fabian tricolor. I have seen dan mullen the studio a lot on saturdays ESPN studio Yeah, tremendous chance to play That's definitely a coach prime quote Tremendous chance Silver is early win and auto is going to be for colorado. It's a zack v base auto colorado auto Maybe on hinderson expected to play Still seven to go guys in the next one still seven to go second half of this six boxer There's a uh, one gonzalez tricolor in fuego is harry ford for the mariners marcello Yeah, I uh Figured there might be some gator fans who uh reacted to that They've had a they had a couple rough coaches in uh Over a stretch there the silver carlos, uh berega or berga They paid a lot of they paid a lot of money to a couple coaches that didn't didn't last very long at least Scope is gonna be babe ruth take that that one's for boston. It's a uh redsox babe ruth James wood. It's not baseball What? Oh, yeah Silver is harman killabrew and that's going to be how you leave for the fillies on the uh rookie jersey Phillies, yeah, I know For your salmon probably have something to say about allen too. Yeah, how I leave How you leave Here's a silver uh dwight thorp or dru thorp. Um pudge Gil mcdougal Yeah Probably could there's a silver of iven melendez silver numbers is carleton fisk Pudge I saw that bokeh. I saw that Super auto It was a daniel susak silver I did see that today The nana super was a 75 k redemption. Uh, somebody somebody got that one turned in It's a silver johnny pesky. Yeah, that one was submitted like a media thing I think they just hadn't said anything about it. Ooh nice one here for the royals. We got jersey auto bobby witt jr Boom, there we go royals That'll work That'll work. Who's got him? That is a combo spot erin g Wow Bobby witt on the gold jersey auto. We'll take that player worn on that one there is a little bit of um Little bit of damage there on the corner. It came up a little bit. So we'll send a box with this one. Um For the royal spot very nice hit on the bobby though a little bit appealing on that corner So we will send a box Appreciate you guys and last card is a samurai We're ready guys. Let's do a quick hit recap and then we'll be on to our next one Um next one is number six Number six to less seven to go Thank you brian taking a few teams in gold standard for tomorrow James taking the marlins and an update And cody taking immaculate luminance of elite patches and a immaculate random team spot Thank you guys. Let's do a quick hit recap Had base rookie jersey how you leave. Um, there's urie perez bobby miller fransisco cartaya pomero gray rot Marcello meyer fransisco to 199 got a j dom james wood and bobby witt on our jerseys Autos we had base auto of zack veen for the rockies Um, there's a gray rod rpa had gabin williams rpa south frailik to 75 To 49 we had smith schalver for the brace Um to 99 masataka had the 49 pahes mark mcguire youth explosion smith schalver Owen white and ellie nice one there for the reds and we had to 10 bobby witt jr on the uh Jersey auto for the royals and a super fractor or uh, gold vinyl 101 We'll call it gold vinyl here a numbers of cow rick and jr for the oaves All righty all righty guys that will do it for um 2023 select baseball six box number five random team style bed fit All righty, I'll get some pictures here guys and we'll get going on the next one


Welcome back to Chicago, guys and gals. Lisa Martin here in Chicago with Ansible Fest 2022 with John Ferrier. John, we've had great conversations. This is day two of our coverage. We were here yesterday, we're here today. We've gotten to talk with great folks in the Ansible community, the partner ecosystem, customers, we've broken some news that they've talked about. Now we're going to talk about industrial automation, ITOT convergence. What excites you about this conversation? This is going to be a great segment. This is one of the feature keynote presenters, customer Rockwell, huge in OT, IT, edge, robotics, plant, equipment, everything that we probably have, they do. This guest has really great story about what's cutting edge and what's relevant in the edge and IT slash automation area. Super relevant, looking forward to this segment. Yes, please welcome David Rapini, the Global Plant PX Business Manager at Rockwell Automation. David, great to have you on the queue. Thank you, nice to be here. Give the audience a bit of an overview of Rockwell Automation. And then let's dig into what you guys are doing there. Sure, Rockwell Automation probably is the largest global automation provider of equipment focused exclusively on automation. About 22,000 employees, about seven billion kind of revenue numbers. We make basically controllers for the automation industry, industrialized software, power drives, you know, some of the robotics content, smart cart kind of applications. And what are your key industries that you're covering? Wow, so that's a broad market. So we do a lot of different industries.  We do automotive. So just about any industry actually, any place that needs industrial automation covering any type of manufacturing process or any type of process application we're pretty much there. You know, it's interesting, IoT has been a word in a lot of things, light bulb, wearables, industrial IoT where you're in is a really key space. It's physical, sometimes it's sensitive, critical infrastructure for governments, businesses. I mean, there's running stuff. Definitely. This is huge. Yeah, and it's a big area for us, like getting that data, you know, everybody talks about analytics and what the world's going to be happening to in that IT, OT space. And Rockwell's really well positioned at that lower level where we actually own the data, create the data for all that analytics that you're talking about. What was your main message today on stage? You want to replay that here and then get into it because I think this is really, we're starting to see real traction and adoption in automation, cloud scale, edges happening, exploding. What was your key message on stage today?  So we're working in that space to really make those connections much more open. And now that those connections are starting to happen and we're getting more and more comfort with that in that layer, there's a lot more we can do in that space which is kind of why we're here. And talk about why Ansible and what it's going to be able to unlock for Rockwell to be able to achieve. Sure, there's a lot of areas that we want to play with but Ansible, but our first targets are really are primarily our servers. So there's a lot of edge based servers out there, you know, we call them a pass server which is the process automation system server and there's an engineering workstation operation those main core servers, some of them are redundant. You know, the OT guys to them it's a burden to manage that content. They're good at making, you know, oil and gas. They know how to do water, waste water. They know how to build cars, but managing servers, you know, not in their wheelhouse. Not in their wheelhouse, exactly right. So having that capability and that connection to get down there gives us some power with Ansible to go ahead and start building them initially. So making that initial builds out of the gate. That makes them really consistent and built together so that every application looks and feels the same and they know what they're going to get when their servers power up.  You know, I was in a facility not long ago that was still running Windows 2000, right? So, you know, they have an application there that's just working, it works. They don't want to touch it and it's been running for 20 years. So why touch it, right? So this was going to kind of hopefully break that challenge. Make sure that you keep that password handy. Yeah, exactly. We've had people leave. How about the security aspect? Because OT has been a lockdown mindset, hardened end-to-end, supply chains, vetted. Everything's kind of tight on the old OT model. Real to secure. When you get to IT, you mentioned vulnerabilities, but the innovation's there too. So how does that reconcile for you? What's your reaction to that? Yeah, we see a big move there, right? So it used to be they were always head to head, butting heads, IT OT, you know, IT focuses on, you know, keeping the system secure, keeping the data down, locked down and reliable. OT focuses more on production, right? Making sure they hit their numbers and their production. So oftentimes, you know, having IT push out a patch in the middle of production line, in the middle of a day and rebooting a server shuts down production and, you know, that those kind of conflicts, yeah, exactly. So those conflicts were pretty common. There's still a lot of that there, but it's getting better, right? And I see more and more of that working together as a team to solve a lot of those challenges. And honestly, I keep going back to the analytics angle and the diagnostics and that world of deep data, you know, big data kind of mining, you know, without the IT space to cover that, the cloud data storage, the horsepower. If you had to kind of like rank the complexity because we were just talking before you came on about, things got to get complex before they can get simpler because that inflection points bring that new capability. What's some of the complexities that you're seeing that are going to be either abstracted away or solved with some of these new technologies like Ansible and others that are coming fast? Because at the end of the day, it's got to still be easier. It's not going to be harder. That can't be harder. Yeah, so I'll give you a real world example which is a little embarrassing. So today we deliver our past servers as a solution and we provide that as a VM image that people start with as the first building block. But once you start to deploy that and actually connect it with the rest of the infrastructure, hook it up to our factory talk directory, hook it up to the DNS service, once you start doing all that work, it's about 700 mouse clicks that somebody has to know what they're doing to actually spin it up the rest of the way and get it connected. With Ansible, we're cutting that number like in half is the hope. And we're going to continue to expand that and make it even less work for the users. Talk about skill gap issue. The training alone on that is to have the right people. That's the second big piece, right? So those OT people typically don't have that skill set. So you have to have a fairly high skilled level person to do that work. We're hoping to take that work off of them and put that on Ansible. That sounds pretty consistent. Do you think, is that the kind of the consistency of the problem space is that the OT just has a different goal and they just need something to be invisible and easy like electricity? Yeah, I think so, especially in this world, right? In that OT space, right? In that IT space, sorry. Yeah, so managing servers and things like that just is not what they want to deal with and it's not what they went to school for and it's not what they're doing when they get hired, right? It sounds to me like Rockwell Automation is a facilitator of the IT and OT folks coming together and actually working better together maybe understanding each other's requirements, goals, objectives. Most definitely. So we're offering a lot of cloud content now. We're continuing to expand that content. We're working with a lot of different IT departments and OT departments to try to marriage those two groups together to try to bring that stuff together. We have a partnership with Cisco where we actually industrialize some of their switch components and sell that as part of our content and that relationship gives us a big inroad with a lot of the IT departments. That's important to have that, be able to speak the language of both sides. Yeah, definitely, right? Knowing and understanding the terminology and just being able to know the challenges that IT guys face as well as the OTs is really a big component of what we do. You know, one of the questions I wanted to ask and because the keynote was very cool but you made a comment that your claim to fame was that you wrote the Coke for the Spider-Man ride at Universal. Tell the story, how does that, or come just, I've wrote them many times, been there. So take us through that little journey. So every time people ask me what we do for a living and automation, you know, I can talk about making cars and things like that but it doesn't ring true. So I did do a lot of work on the Spider-Man ride which is at Universal Studios. You know, it was a real challenge making sure how that connections actually work and I did most of the motion control content for that to make the movements of the cars seamless with the backgrounds. Definitely a lot of fun. So those kind of projects are rare but they're really fun when you get those. I hope you have a free pass for any time you want to go on it. I don't unfortunately, so I try to get in the back rooms all the time at that facility but it's rare to get in there. I mean, it's a high-end roller coaster machine.  Yeah, it is, and you know, you never move more than like eight feet on that whole ride and it feels like you've dropped, you know, 2,000 feet out of the sky on some of that content. So it's really amazing. I will say it's a little dated. I've been riding on the, part of my team worked on the Harry Potter rides which are much next generation. I couldn't get on that one, the line was too long. I've been on that one. It's a long way, but it's worth it. Dave, I'd ask you a question on the future for people watching who are new observing industrial IoT. What's the most important story going on in your world today? Is it the transformation? Is it the standards? Is it the security? What are the top two or three things that are going on that are really transformative right now in automating at the edge? I really want to say that it's standardization. It's about using open standards and standard protocols to deliver content in a reusable fashion. So, you know, having custom proprietary content like a lot of automation suppliers or even like a lot of other industries, it's hard to maintain. It doesn't work well with other products. It's great because you can do a lot of flexibility what you want to do, but at the end of the day it's about keeping the thing running and hooking it up to other components. So that open standards based solution, you'll see us spending more energy on, you know, part of the Ansible open community thing is nice in that space as well. And you'll see us doing more stuff in that place, that play. Talk about your influence there in the community. You know, we've been talking the last couple of days about Ansible as nothing, if not the power of the community, the collaboration within. Talk about being able to influence that and what that means to you personally as well as to Rockwell. Yeah, so open communities are big for us. We have, you know, obviously a customer advisory board and things like that that we deal with, but we also have an open community forum where people can share dialogue and share ideas. We have large events. We have a process solution users group event where we bring in hundreds, not thousands of engineering people to talk to all of these problems that they're facing and it's not a Rockwell event, it's a, you know, community event, right? Where we actually are talking about, you know, what industry problem people are seeing. And a lot of the ITOT convergence thing is really top of mind. A lot of people say it don't mind, especially the cybersecurity content. What are some of the things that you heard the last couple of days announcement wise? Obviously big news coming out today that excites you about the direction that Ansible's going and how it's responding to the community. Yeah, I think a lot of their feedback that they get and sending a lot of these sessions, they get a lot of interesting feedback from their customer base and the reacting to that I think is very high on their priority list. And what I've been seeing here, you know, some of the AI stuff that they were showing on automatically like defining some of the scripts for their code and the intelligence behind a lot of that content was amazing. I see a lot of that moving forward and we're heading the same direction at Rockwell as well with more AI and our content. The data is a big story too, coming out of all the devices, analytics, great stuff. Yeah, pulling that data up into the cloud space and trying to do something valuable with all that data. It's, you know, we've had big data for a long time. It's just figuring out analytics and how to actually act on that data and get it back into the control to do something with it. All kidding aside, my serious question on this is that, you know, is it the year finally OT and IT converge? It seemed like it's been trying for about a decade. Yeah, that's a tough one to answer. So I would say it's not there yet. I think there's still a lot of conflict in that space. You know, the OT guys still have a long history of that space, but as you see more retirement and more people phasing out of that and younger crowds coming in, you know, the automation space is ripe for that kind of transition because coming out of college, you know, jumping into automation isn't always the top of the notch. A lot of people want to go work at the big Amazons or wherever. There's a lot of stuff going on in space. It's pretty cool, a lot of physical. I've seen a lot more machine learning and physical devices in the industry we've been reporting on. It's interesting, I think it's close to a tipping point because we saw machine learning and the trivial apps like Chatbots never really took off. Let me just, expert systems basically, but they're not really going to the next level. So now they are, you're starting to see more, you know, of wisdom projects, you know, different models being adopted. So I see AI now kind of kicking up, similar to OTIT. Yeah, most definitely, you know, we have a lot of projects in that space like doing predictive analysis on, let's just say something simple like a pump, right? If you have pumps out there that are running for years and years, but you notice that there's a trend that on day 305 or whatever, you know, a bearing starts to fail all the time, you know, that kind of analytics can start doing predictive maintenance content and start pushing out work orders in advance before the things fail because downtime costs millions of dollars for these manufacturers. Down time also incidents, right? So you never know, right? What's going on? Exactly, right, right. So it's good to have that safety net, at least from a manufacturing perspective. Final question for me, what's the most exciting thing going on in your world right now if you had to kind of pick one thing that you're most jazzed up about? I have to say, you know, Rockwell is doing a big shift to cloud-based content and more big data numbers like we were just talking about for that AI. That complexity of what you can do with AI and the value that you can do to, like, just, you know, if I can make quality of a product a half a percent better, that's millions of dollars for my customer and I see us doing a lot of work in that space and moving that forward. That's big for me, I think. And what are some of that, my last question is, what are some of the impacts that customers can expect from that? Yeah, so everything from downtime to product quality, to increasing production rates and volume of the data that come out, you know, we do something called model predictive control that does, you know, very tight control on control loops to improve, like just the general product quality with a lot of the big data numbers that are coming in on that. So you'll see us moving more in that space too to improve, you know, product quality and then downtime production. And really driving outcomes, business outcomes for your customers. David, thank you so much for joining us on the program, sharing what Rockwell Automation is doing. We appreciate your insights, your time, and we want to keep watching to see what comes next. We're glad to be here. That's great. Thank you very much. Our pleasure. I'm John Furrier. I'm Lisa Martin. You've watched theCUBE live in Chicago from Ansible Fest 2022. Thanks for watching.


So my name is Leong. I'm a senior software cloud architect. I work for Intel. I have about more than 15 years' experience in application developments and the cloud-based infrastructures. In the past, I got a chance to work on different type of applications, including peer-to-peer applications, online streaming media applications, distributed architectures, and academic research as well. So I completed my PhD in 2013. So my PhD generates about multi-cloud orchestrations. So I'm also actively involved in various open-stack working group. So that includes enterprise working group, product working group, and application ecosystem working group. So in the past, I worked very closely with the foundation and the community members. And we have published two e-books generate about, talk about what is open-stack and how to implement open-stack in the enterprise context. And this coming Friday, we are actually having another book spring. I'm going to develop the third e-book focusing on application developments for open-stack. All right. So today, agenda, I'll talk about what is a business drivers that we want to move into microservices and APS-centric design. I'll briefly discuss about the architectures. I'll also talk about the open-stack, what kind of open-stack services and API can be useful when coming to microservices application deployment. And I'll also use an example to illustrate what is the differences between different architecture style. So before we jump into that, I just want to get a quick idea. And anyone has done microservices application development before? And how long have you been doing that?  Or less than a year?  All right, good. So this talk, basically, I'm generally focusing on the beginner levels. So we'll cover some of the high-level overview. And also, I would like to ask, if anyone here is looking at migrating existing app into the microservices architectures and looking at integrating with existing enterprise systems, why do we need to move into microservices? I think everyone knows that we are now living in a very rapidly changing and competitive environment. So someone told me that the only thing that doesn't change is change itself. So we need to provide an environment for our application developers so that they can do faster innovations. And we have to grab the market opportunity whenever there's new opportunity available. And at the same time, we also have to integrate with our existing systems or database or the data so that we can provide the exposing the data securely to either line of business or our partners or customers. And the key thing is we need to deliver new services faster and more reliable. So I just want to share one experience in the past when I worked for the startup company many years ago. My boss is a good boss. And he generally, a lot of times, he has a lot of idea, good idea. And he always asks me, can we implement these features or not? And can we implement these ideas or not? And I look at that and say, yeah, why not? We can do it. And I always ask the question, when do we need that? And he always told me that yesterday. So we are living in a very tight deadline today. So we really have to provide environment for our developers to deliver software faster and reliable. So I talk about architectures now. So I believe most of us are familiar with these monolithic architectures. We used to do this for the past decades or more than 15 years. And in this model, application-generated design in a three-tier architecture with a monolithic design. So every function and every model is actually bundled together for the application. And this model provides a very simple way for us to develop software, simple to test, and easier to deploy as well. But one of the key things or challenges in these architectures is when we start growing our applications, it became harder for us to extend or enhance a particular module or particular features. And because modules can be extensively dependent on each other, and the code become difficult to refactor, especially when you go beyond millions lines of code in a monolithic architecture. It also requires a long-term commitment in a particular technology stack. If you're using Java to design these architectures, you probably have to stick with the Java technology for 10 years. It depends on your application lifecycle. So sometimes it becomes very difficult to debug when it grows beyond certain lines of codes. So even a potential bug in a specific module that leads to the memory leak can bring down the whole cluster or bring down your whole systems. And when we want to scale in these architectures, we generally took the whole structure, or the whole waterfall if you are in the Java world, and then duplicate those across multiple instances. So this is what we have been doing in the monolithic architectures. And then later on, this service-oriented architectures came out. And I think the idea of service-oriented architectures is very promising, but the key thing is it became complex to implement in an enterprise world. So service-oriented architectures, basically you have a multiple delivery channel that you need to support. And in the middle, you have a lot of core services that you want to support for business functionalities. And there's a lot of data sources that you need to provision to your client as well. And as I mentioned just now, it become complex over the years when you come to SOA. For SOA, we try to expose the software as XML web services. And we use a lot of things called WS standards. I'm not sure if you are in the service SOA world, you're probably familiar with all those WS terms, WS addressing, WS policy, WS security, all those different kind of standards. And it become more and more complex, or some even proprietary technology in the SOA world. And it doesn't really help us to deliver software faster or more reliable. And in fact, in the worst case, and sometimes in the worst case, it even make it slower or prone to the errors when coming to SOA design. So today we come into this concept about microservices. Some people view this as very, very similar to, they think that microservices are very similar to SOA. I think that's a fine statement. And to me, I think that microservices basically make making the SOA easier and without the burden of all those WS specifications or the enterprise service boss. And one thing about microservices is it's not just about technical changes. It's also involving changes in your organization structures. So in the past when you have a, especially in the enterprise context, if you design a monolithic architecture with three tier architectures, you probably have a design team just working on the only responsible for the front end. You have an application team just develop the application logic. And you have a database team just working on the database layer. But when you come into microservices, your team basically responsible for the whole thing. And every microservices is being developed, managed, and deployed independently. And we use a lot of this HTTP or REST based API. And the key concept about in REST is about resource.  And we use a lot of, we tried CRUD model, create, read, update, and delete, and use that together with the standard HTTP, HTTP words. Such as, for example, you use post HTTP post to create a new resources. You use a put to update the resource. You use the get HTTP get to read the resources and use HTTP delete to remove the resources. So this is the thing that we do in some of the concepts in the microservices. So when you come into the microservices patterns, every services tends to have their own database schema. And for example, here, you can see S1 basically use DB1. S2 basically is DB2. And S3 basically using DB3. Every services itself has their own database schema. And we try to decentralize the data soul in a microservices design. And these will have lower impact whenever there's a schema changes to the particular services. And this model is very different from the enterprise data modeling perspective. So in microservices, it seems that we are duplicating some data across services. And the benefit of this is we try to do a share nothing architectures. If you try to share your database across many services and if there's a change in the database schema, it will give you a lot of impact for the rest of the other services as well. So my recommendation when coming to microservices design is try to design your microservices with their own individual database schema. And in terms of deployment, microservices can be, every services can be deployed in a single VM. And of course, you can also deploy multiple VM, multiple services on a single VM. But my recommendation is also one services, one VM. That make you easier to deploy or scale. And in the microservices world, you're probably familiar with all the service discovery. Because every services now in the microservices world, service A, service B, and service C, they need to talk to each other. And we need a service discovery model. So we can use a client-based service discovery or a server-based service discovery. And I think if you guys are familiar with the Netflix open-source projects, I think they provide a lot of open-source tooling that help you to design microservices, including service discovery tooling. And from the communication, every services need to talk to each other. In microservices world, we generally see about messaging, message queue, or using HTTP and REST API. So microservices do give us a lot of benefit, but it also comes with some challenges. So, yes, in microservices, it gives us a higher level of modularity. Every individual model can be developed individually and communicate over a standard interface. And you have a very, you can, every microservices is isolated by itself. It has a better separation of concern. And every services has a well-defined boundary of their functionality, as well as a well-defined API contract. And as I mentioned earlier, we can deploy microservices independently. And once we have the ability to deploy services independently, it actually lessens the dependency between your development teams. Because every development team, if you keep it small, you can deploy, you can develop those, that team can focus on their own services and develop more quickly and making the CI-CD process easier. And so it's also, from the engineering standpoint, it's making us easier to innovate and easier to align. Sometimes it allows us easier to align the services to a specific hardware profile, depending on what kind of services you are building. For example, if you're building a CPU-intensive services or a memory-intensive services or IO-intensive services, those can be built independently. Those can be built independently and deployed independently on a specific hardware profile. But microservices, on the other hand, microservices do have some challenges, especially when you come new into microservices design, especially in the disputed architectures. The way that we handle transactions is totally different in disputed architectures. And even in disputed architectures, we have a lot of challenges in terms of network latencies or the network failure. And when you come into testing or debugging, it can be more challenging as well. And if you are doing logging, make sure that you have a correlation ID between service call, because we are calling microservices everywhere. Imagine that, let's say you have tons of hundreds of microservices. If every services is calling each other, if you want to debug that as a whole system, making sure that every request call has a correlation ID so that it can trace the request between services and services. Another thing about microservices design is you need to think about the API compatibility. When you have different versions of microservices around, it makes sure that the client can still use the older API when you deploy the new version of the services. So just as I mentioned about in the disputed architectures, the doing transaction is very different. So if you want to do a transaction in disputed environment, you probably can move the transaction logic into the client side, or you can do some disputed logging services. But I would like to encourage you to think about a different design, which is what we call the eventually consistent, the CAP theorem. So in the CAP theorem, do you guys familiar with the CAP theorems? Right? Okay, so I don't have to spend too much. So in disputed architectures, we can only pick two of them, right? So if there's a network partition, we can only choose either consistencies or availability, right? So when it comes to microservices design, we tend to move towards eventually consistent. So we want to make sure that both sides, both clusters is available. If you have two clusters at two sides, for example, you want to make sure that we want to achieve the highest availability as much as possible. And we want to do a higher availability in the disputed architectures. If there's a partitioning, we have to, we can only match, I mean, because we still want to make sure that both sides can still do updates or reading the data. So, but if you have partitionings in between, you cannot match that both sides are consistent at the same time. So, but when the partition, when you recover from the failure, eventually they'll become consistent. So that's why we call a new design in eventually consistent model. So in microservices or design in a disputed architectures, some people might have a challenge when moving into eventually consistent model, depending on how you structure the data. So next one, I want to talk about the OpenStack Services and API. So immutable infrastructures. Have you guys heard about immutable infrastructures? The concept about immutable infrastructures? I think when we come into a cloud-based or cloud-native application design, we have to look at these immutable infrastructures. Immutable, according to definition, is unchanging over time or unable to change. And if you think about in Java programming, a string is immutable, right? I mean, a string in Java is immutable, which means that one is created, the values cannot be changed. And if you want to change it, a new string is created and a new reference is being updated. So we have to think the same way in cloud-based infrastructures. And OpenStack do allow us to create immutable infrastructures. So by using immutable infrastructures... Let's go through about this. So if you are not using immutable infrastructures, basically every time when there's a package updates or changes in a config or application updates, you basically have to update the VM, every integer VM. And you have to maintain all these leads of VM and make sure they are always staying at the state that you want it to be. But we're not doing that in the microservices. In the microservices design, we want to make the infrastructure immutable. So when you first have version one of the services, we call it v1, you deploy it on the VM. If you come and have a new version, we create another VM and deploy the version two. And then we bring down the previous versions and update the link to the second versions. So by using OpenStack Cloud, those API allow us to create immutable infrastructures. And it allows us to simplify the operations and allows us to do continuous deployment with fewer failures. And every time when we create a new instance, we basically test it before we move into production. So that also gave us a battle of confidence that our infrastructure is being tested. That brings me to the next topic about infrastructure as code. So we have to treat our infrastructures same as the code. So any changes to infrastructure is the same as changes in the code. So when you change in the code, you actually bump up a new version. So in the microservices design, same thing. All these things should be modeled as infrastructure as code. Everything should be defined as a code. Anything changes to the infrastructure itself or trigger a new deployment or a new version. Another thing that I want to talk about is the API-driven infrastructures. Have you guys used OpenStack SDK or API in your application design before? Yes? Okay. So in the past, when you want to deploy applications, usually your SysAmin or operators will provision the VM before you can do any deployment software on the VM itself. And if your software application requires some storage, your SysAmin also have to pre-provision those storage before your application can use them. So even if your application requires some computation resources, your SysAmin will provision that VM before you can do anything to the other VM. That's what we do in the past. But today, from OpenStack perspective or a cloud-based infrastructure perspective, there's these API-driven infrastructures and your application code. If you require some storage, we can use the API to call the object storage dynamically in your application code. And you can also use your API to create the VM within the application code itself. And then you can do something on the VM dynamically inside your application code. So in the whole process, it doesn't require any SysAmin to be involved. And that makes you very flexible and easier to scale your infrastructure depending on your use cases. And someone might be asking me that the first VM, you probably still have used the SysAmin provision before you can do anything. But I would like you to think about that. It might not be today. So it is possible that we can deploy even without the first one. I'll leave that as a question for you to think about that. So next, I want to go through an example. I want to use this example called online video platforms or video transcoding. So in these examples, the requirements basically is like users, they have to upload the media files. And once they upload the media files, the system has to transcode the video file into multiple formats for various devices or display formats. And the users is basically spread across different geographical locations. And of course, budget is a constraint. Nobody has unlimited budget. So how can these requirements, if you're given these kind of requirements, and how can we build this application? If we do it in a monolithic architecture, monolithic way, this is usually how we do, right? So you have the web front end, you have the application here, and you have a database and probably have a shared storage for storing those media files. And you'll probably need upload functions. You also need transcoding functions. You also need a playback function generally. And all this module is being developed as a monolithic architecture. And when you want to scale this kind of deployment, you basically scale the whole thing together and using a shared same database or the shared file storage. So when we come into how can we refactor these architectures into the microservices way? So let's try to make it more interactive. So remember, we have three functions. One is upload, and the other one is transcode, and the third one is playback. So how, if you were to up, migrate the previous monolithic architectures into microservices way, how are you going to do that? So first thing, probably the upload functions, right? You can take your upload features out and design that as the microservices, and you probably have to define some sort of API contract, and user can go to the upload UI to the API gateway and you define your upload services with some rest, using the rest API, and that upload services actually can upload the content into the object storage. And today an OpenStack Swift do provide the object storage and allow it support HTTP protocol. You can allow user to upload file into the object storage directly as well if you set up the authentication and policy correctly. So that's the very first part that you can take your monolithic architectures into the first microservices that you want to do. I remember in two years ago, about two years ago, I presented a demo talking about how we architect a WordPress application and push all the web static contents into the object storage and all the static contents will be served directly from the object storage, the Swift object storage, without a web server because the Swift object storage support HTTP protocol. So that is one way that you can think about when coming to refactoring your existing applications into microservices. So moving on, we have done the upload services. Oh, it's the second thing, transcode, exactly. So you probably want to do a transcoding job. So you have to define your transcode services and in the transcode services, probably want to call some transcode walker. The transcode walker basically is the one responsible for doing the transcode task such as using FFNPAC if a family with a transcode world. And once the transcode task is completed, you just update the destination, the transcode file into the destination object storage through the HTTP protocol using the Swift object storage as well.  And one thing you can do is probably set up a resource manager to monitor this transcode walker. If there, let's say, for example, if you're one request required to transcode a media file to multiple, let's say, you have one media source file, but you want to transcode into 10 destination file, you generally have to spin out 10 transcode walker just for that particular task. So we can define resource managers here and to do the auto scaling for the transcode. One reason that I'm not proposing to use, I mean, you can use the, in the open set, you can use a heat auto scaling, but the heat auto scaling, to me, is a more passive auto scaling way. What I mean is, in a heat auto scaling, it will only scale or create additional instances when the CPU reaches a certain threshold, right? So it's more passive way. So if you do the things in this, we're having a separate resource manager to monitor the load of a transcode, you do it a more active way. And one interesting part about this example is in a transcode, because we are doing transcodeing tasks, transcodeing task is very CPU intensive. And it is not ideal for you to set up auto scaling based on the heat template, based on the CPU, because a single transcodeing task can consume 100% of the CPU, 80 or 100% of the CPU. And that doesn't make sense for you to scale additional instances. Let's say if you only have one transcodeing task and you reach 100%, which is totally fine according to your application logic, it doesn't make sense for you to scale another one because there's no other transcodeing task. However, if you use this model, you also can predict your... You can also put in some prediction algorithm to make sure to understand your transcodeing workload in the past, and you can predict that if there are certain transcodeing tasks coming in within a certain period, you can pre-scale your transcodeer before the load gets in.  And the last thing is playback. So on playback, you also need to define your API, and then you have a Playback UI talking to the API gateway, and then you have a Playback Service that retrieves the transcodeed media, the destination file, and play back to the users. Because in the microservices way, it allows us to customize the UI according to different services. For example, in the online video platform, you probably have a content creator only working on the upload UI. But your playback can be serving to millions of users. So you can scale your Playback UI and creating a different experience without affecting your upload services. So that's how we can refactor media transcodeing application from the monolithic architectures into microservices architectures. So I think we can apply the same logic to other applications as well, and it depends on how you want to use it. But if you look at these new architectures, what do you see here? Remember what I have talked about? The challenges compared to the monolithic architectures. Doing all these things allows us to scale better or allows us to create additional service better. However, this is more complex to do, especially come into deployment. You have to deploy different services, multiple services, and every services needs to talk to each other. And that's why we have this API gateway, or if you're familiar with the Netflix open source, the Netflix do give you a lot of open source software that you can use for the API gateway or the service discovery model. So we have talked about different architectures. We talked about the microservices patterns and the challenges in microservices. We talked about open-stack cloud-based infrastructure. How can we use open-stack cloud-based infrastructures or API-driven infrastructure to support the microservices design? And that's what we conclude today. If you have any questions or feedback, please send an email to me or you can send a tweet to me. I will try to check the tweet these few days. And if you are interested, interesting, you can go to this cloud app. There's a cloud app launch at the marketplace, and you can find me there. And I'll be at the Intel booth at 4 o'clock. So there's a book signing. Remember the e-book that I have mentioned just now? There's a book signing event at 4 o'clock. You can find me over there. I think I'm almost running out of time. So if you have a question, just let me know. Thank you, everyone. I'll remember to read this.


Mrs. Chancellor, the applause just shows how much you have been expected and I am of course delighted, particularly delighted that you have chosen to join us. You really belong to the family here in Davos. The last time you addressed us was mainly during the years of the crisis and as many have said to me, your presence helped to calm things very much because you were able to show us clearly that Europe is not completely without any leadership. Well, we have reached a critical point in time again, that is a general sentiment. We are faced with a very important decision taken by the ECB today, so I am really very, very interested and hanging on your lips to hear what you have to say to us. A very warm welcome, Madam Chancellor. Well, Professor Schwab, ladies and gentlemen, let me say that I am delighted to be able to be here this year again. Last year, unfortunately, I was not able to attend the World Economic Forum and to answer questions. May I also point out the fact that there are a number of members of my cabinet present here today and I think this clearly shows that Germany is more than ready and willing to engage in international debates and discussions you have, as you always have a very ambitious motto committed to improving the state of the world. I think quite a lot needs to be done if one takes this too hard and this year has actually started with a bang that woke up all us up and shook us to the core with this terrible attack against Jewish citizens and also against the journalists in Paris, against the police forces. That shows us all that we are facing challenges that stop not at the borders of Europe, not at the borders of the United States, but that is indeed a global fight, the fight against Islamist terror. And these attacks I think have woken us up thoroughly and we have seen this very impressive demonstration in the streets of Paris with millions of French men and French citizens and I think it has shown very clearly how much we felt with the relatives of those who were killed but we also stood up for our values, for our values of freedom of the press, of freedom of democracy, freedom of religion, freedom of expression and we also had to learn, as we had to learn during the year 2014, that those matters that we have always taken for granted also in Europe, also in the democracies of the West needs to be fought for time and again, needs to be defended time and again and this may well be one of the most important messages that we need to bring to citizens, that we need to discuss with our citizens. This vibrant principle of democracy must be our answer to repression and to terrorism but it is not something that can be imposed from above this principle of democracy, it has to be filled with life through the freedoms that the citizens have because freedom does not mean being free of something but to be free to do something, to shoulder responsibility, each and every one where he or she stands and in this 25th year of German unity that is something that is particularly important to us. We will celebrate the 25th anniversary of German unity this year and we will not only pay lip service to this tenet, we will try to fill this principle with life. Last year we were confronted in quite a different way with problems that we had not actually expected to quite this extent, the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, you had the Ukrainian president here, he addressed you, he explained how he sees the situation from his vantage point and let me say on behalf of my government and as German Chancellor there is one thing that we hold very important, namely the fact that this here elementary principles of the European peaceful order were violated, the annexation of Crimea is not just any kind of annexation but it is a clear and flagrant violation of what has made us live peacefully and coexes peacefully together in Europe after the war, namely respect of our borders and respect of the territorial integrity of our partner countries and this is so important because Ukraine after all gave up its nuclear arsenal because there was a Budapest memorandum, guarantee powers such as UK, Russia and the United States stood guarantor for the territorial integrity of Ukraine, which other country would then follow that example to give up its nuclear arsenal if it has this example before its very eyes, if you give that up then you are making yourself weaker and more vulnerable to this kind of attack, but we've also learned from the World Wars here in Europe that a military response to such a challenge cannot be successful, there is no military solution to this and this is why sanctions were unavoidable, they are not an ending in the cells and they can also be lifted if the reasons for why they have been imposed in the first place are no longer there, but we're not there yet. I would like to underline here that the whole of Europe, but particularly we in Germany, time and again together with the French president try in the so-called Normandy format to bring about a diplomatic solution, the foreign ministers of this Normandy format met yesterday, there are certain small steps towards progress, although there are many setbacks as well, the Minsk agreement at any rate is the basis on which these negotiations take place and we try to find a solution. Ladies and gentlemen, apart from these global challenges, there are also challenges of an economic nature and challenges to our societies as a whole. This year, Germany is in the chair of the G7 and those issues that we consider to be of prime importance for the long-term and sustainable development of our world is something that we wish to work on, protection of the climate, reduction of poverty, fight against anti-microbial resistance and also I take this issue particularly to heart, empowerment of women to set up their own businesses. What is also important is to make them more stronger economically speaking. Europe continues to be confronted by great challenges. We quite often talked about the sovereign debt crisis, about the crisis in the Euro area. We have this somewhat under control now, but we are not out of the woods yet. We have not overcome it and Europe more essentially hasn't really regained sufficient trust, hasn't regained sufficient competitiveness. I am always for not painting matters in black and white. Quite often, so-called austerity is pitted against a so-called growth model. I think that this is totally wrong. We need a growth-oriented sound fiscal policy. We need investments. We need investments by the state, but we first and foremost need an environment which encourages private investors to take out investments. If today, in these very minutes, we expect a decision by the European Central Bank, then this will be a decision that will be taken totally independent. Let me state this very clearly. We in Germany, as you know, have this long tradition of time and again stressing that the ECB is independent and should be independent, but as a politician, no matter what, I would say no matter what sort of decision the ECB will take. We should not become diverted by from the fact that we need to put as politicians the necessary framework conditions in place for recovery. We have progress in quite a number of countries, particularly the so-called program countries. We have very clear reform efforts, for example, also in Italy. I say finally, we have the Italian Prime Minister here addressing you. These are very important signs. In France, there is a new course that is clearly growth-oriented, which is a very good message and very good news, but time is of the essence because every day, these adjustment mechanisms are not done and that we sort of wait until we improve our competitiveness is a lost day. We need jobs and these jobs have to be created in those areas. Which promise long-term, highly qualified employment. So digitization and how we react in Europe to digitization and this phenomenon, it will be essential. Germany is very pleased that it is our commissioner, the German commissioner who is responsible for this particular industry and it is, I think, a very good sign that the European Commission has not only launched an investment program, but is also looking at the political framework conditions. But a sober look at the digital agenda of Europe and the role of the United States and also of a number of Asian countries very clearly shows that we lag behind. We have to try to close that gap. We're not leading the development here. So we need to put the political framework condition in place. As I said, we need to find the right mix, the right balance of protection of the data of the individual, but also freedom to use those data to develop new products. And as German federal chancellor, I want a strong German economy to be able to actually cope with this merger of the so-called real economy and the digital economy to what is commonly called industry 4.0. And because otherwise, we will lose our competition in the competition. And we, I think, enter into this competition with self-confidence, but we haven't yet won that. I think we have in Europe with this huge single market that we have very good opportunities, but Europe must become more rapid, must become faster, must become more competitive and less regulated. I am very pleased that this commission has set itself the goal to do that. For the first time, we have this trilogue between the European Commission, the European Parliament and the European Council. And I think if we work on this basis of this new agenda that we have given ourselves, we have a very good opportunity, very good chance of getting stronger out of this crisis, out of this European crisis that we went in. And the examples of Spain, Portugal, of Ireland, and also in parts of Greece show that actually reforms are well worth your while. They are efficient and growth can return. What does Germany do? In this competition, Germany wants to play a responsible role. I think we've shown that growth-oriented sound fiscal consolation is possible in 2014. For the first time for 40 years, we have not any new net boring in our budget. And I know that some people accuse us of being too tight with our money as regards our budgetary policy. But let me remind you that Germany has a massive demographic challenge, as probably no other European country has. More than 6 million people will be lost to our market who are now gainfully employed because they retire. And if we're not solid in the way that we do our business and try to keep our debts down, then we will leave a very heavy burden to the next generation. They will simply not have the necessary breathing space. And I think that this would be irresponsible. Well, one of the few member countries of the European Union that spends 3% of its GDP on research and development, I think, were attractive to others because of that for research and development. Our consumption has increased. It is actually carrying and boosting economic growth. The growth has been 1.5%, which maybe compared to the U.S. is somewhat modest, but for us it is quite respectable. We want to continue this course. We also want to continue this course of increasing employment. We have as many people in jobs gainfully in gainful employment as we have ever had during our history. And those are very, very good figures that we have in this area, particularly 43 million people in gainful employment of 80 million inhabitants. And we want to remain a stable anchor in Europe. Ladies and gentlemen, we all know we cannot shut ourselves off against the rest of the world. And we shouldn't do this. So let me plead for the European Union being an open-minded place for agreeing on free trade investments. The CETA, for example, the Free Trade Agreement with Canada is almost there. It needs to be finalized. TTIP is currently under negotiation. The American President has committed himself to these negotiations. And I think that is a unique chance for Europe that it should seize. Opportunities for growth can in this way be speeded up through less obstacles in transatlantic trade. But what's also important is we have very high standards in consumer protection and general industrial production as well. So we could do something in order to be standard setters globally. And we can only do that if we do that together with the United States. And this is why I will come out very strongly in favor of this. And we'll work for it tirelessly. Ladies and gentlemen, we're challenged not only economically speaking but also as regards standing up for our values. The digital world creates a situation where there are no secrets anymore, no uncharted waters as it were. The civil societies want to know what's happening. They want to know how the world is governed. They want transparency. We're looking forward to this kind of challenge. We don't want to always talk about the risks as so many people do. We want to see the opportunities. We want to be a good partner in Europe and in the world. Thank you very much. A warm thank you, Madam Chancellor. Perhaps I may come back very briefly to the key parts of your presentation. Maybe you spoke about the conflicts, conflict situations that are prevailing. And if I could just touch upon the Ukraine, I'd say that the first objective must be to implement the Minsk agreement or protocol. But what do you think is the long-term outlook? You are in contact permanently so with the main actors in this conflict. What is the way out of this conflict? Well, in order to solve a conflict, you always need to. And let me assure you that we shall not relent in our efforts to bring this conflict to a solution. Our objective is to uphold the territorial integrity of Ukraine. It needs to be restored. It needs to be restored. It needs to be restored. It needs to be restored. It needs to be restored. It needs to be restored. It needs to be restored. Short-term, first in the Lugansk and Donetsk area. But Crimea, obviously, is not forgotten. But Lugansk and Donetsk are very urgent, very pressing. Our demand is, and that is something that was a positive experience for our country, that a country needs to be able to determine freely where it wants to go. It's also true that there are very close linkages, particularly in the economic area between Russia and Ukraine. So it would be desirable to be able, on the basis of the Minsk agreement, to first restore some kind of stability. And then later on, in a bigger picture between the European Union and the Eurasian Union, try to explore possibilities of cooperation in an economic area that President Putin himself called from Vladivostok to Lisbon and to cooperate. And after all, it needs to be our objective. I hope that opportunities will present themselves. And I think maybe once we have that, then these discussions about association difficulties between Russia and Ukraine may well be solved. And also the EU, sorry, and Ukraine. But we are ready to do that. But we have to have a ceasefire. We have to have a regaining of control of Ukraine along the border with Russia. And this process has to be initiated.  May I then just follow up when the wall came down? A lot was said about this common European house. Is this principle still valid? Oh, of course. Of course it is still valid. You see, we have actually created quite a lot of avenues for cooperation. There is this NATO-Russia Founding Act. There are economic ties between the European Union and Russia. Russia, through this Eurasian Union, wants those to be lifted and extended to EU-Eurasian Union. We, as Germany, have a strategic partnership with Russia. And part and parcel of that, a very important part of that, was diversification of the economy. They helped them. So I think there were efforts, very good efforts. And I also, in the first grand coalition we had, worked together with our German Foreign Minister as probably the only boys in Europe that we don't want to have a too hasty rapprochement of Ukraine and Georgia to NATO, because we know about the sensitivity of Russia. And we know that this may well be difficult for them. I now am, in a way, being accused of that and said, people tell to me, but what has that brought? And now I'm, again, saying, don't cut off the bridges that we built. We have good will, but you will understand a continent that has known in its history so many shifting of borders and has such a painful memory of that, simply cannot simply gloss over violation of the territorial integrity. I think there's a general understanding for that. Yes, but the question is sometimes, what are we ready to actually do to put on the table, because when people are talking about imposing of sanctions or even making them stronger, then people say, but we have disadvantages. And I say yes, but disadvantages are even greater and the legal certainty is no longer there. One has to defend one's convictions and stand by them. This brings me to the second key point of your speech and that is European stability. We have a feeling in the last few months that there were like two different schools of thought or two religions and you touched upon this. The decision to be is going to take a decision today, but we don't know what this decision is going to be, but we feel that maybe one stream of thought or school will have one, but you were indicating that both could be combined, but now the doors seem to be wide open. I think our life experience tells us that there's very rarely a black and white solution. I always say to my people that a process and the euro crisis is an ongoing process, has been going on for quite some time, never to look at such a crisis only in small slices. I very well remember those times when the spreads for state bonds were beyond four and five percent and this at debt rates of 80, 90 percent is a very unpleasant situation for a country. At the time we thought that it may well be a message of trust to the financial markets when we say this whole sovereign debt needs to be drawn down step by step and what we said then, nothing continues to be valid, but nobody said that this works very well when you have no growth. Everyone knows, I mean it's conventional wisdom that this works very well when you have growth. Now how does one generate growth? There are different opinions over this. Quite often people talk about the state needing to do more, needing to invest more. That plays an important role, but it's not the most crucial role when you don't have at the same time matching private investments. Now we have a situation where there's so much liquidity in the markets that I am very certain that the spreads for state bonds cannot be dramatically cheaper. So if you are not able to remain within the bounds of your budget now and have three, four percent deficit per year, I don't know what's going to happen to you once the interest rates and the spreads are going up again. So now is the time to do your homework as regards your fiscal consolidation through these very, in these times of very low interest rates. The ECB, let me underline this yet again very clearly, is an independent organization but as a politician because so many people seem to mix so many things. I think it is most important that we are even more stringent in the way we do business than allowing ourselves to be tempted to buy time and not do structural reforms. Let me say yet again, Italy is doing very ambitious reforms and France is on the way to do that and others have already done it. Of course, it's a controversial debate also within the ECB as we know. I'm not surprised about that because the world actually has quite a high level of liquidity at its disposal and this supply of liquidity a little bit, well, sort of erect a smoke screen so you don't quite know who is actually competitive and who's not. We don't get a clear picture of our true capacities and of our true and genuine economic strength and at some point in time when this smoke screen has lifted it will become apparent again. We've seen that when we saw the decision of the Swiss central bank, all of a sudden there is a difference, a very market difference between the Swiss Frank and the Euro and we must prepare for this day and then nobody can say oh, I didn't know about that. That is the only point where I try to say to people we don't as yet have as conducive and as positive an environment as we needed, for example, for investment in the digital area I know that there's a broad-based discussion here in Davos and I think we would be well advised to be better prepared for this innovation. Madam Chancellor, at the end of this week there's going to be events, elections in Greece and there's been a lot of talk and worry about the so-called Grexit and I'm quite sure that European solidarity will stand fast but perhaps you would like to say something briefly about this? Well, the elections will only take place on Sunday so I certainly will not preempt that result but we hear from from Greece, sorry, that the vast majority in Greece wishes to remain in the Euro area and likes to be in the Euro area and ever since that crisis started I've always said that everything we do politically is oriented towards Greece remaining part of the Euro area and there are two things that need to be in place we need to show solidarity and we will continue to show solidarity coupled with the readiness to shoulder one's own responsibility I'm convinced that Greece will continue to show that sense of responsibility and what then happens after the elections is something that we will discuss then we and that is after all the experience of the European policy and European route through that Euro crisis we've always found a European solution but always based on these two matching sides of the coin, solidarity and own responsibility Madam Chancellor, if I may put a more personal question we have spoken a lot here about the lack of confidence which is linked to the fact that there may not be much leadership where leadership we can in the world of politics in general of course there are exceptions and I will name no names but this means that the greater pressure on you, more expectations way on you and on Germany how do you see that? I think if you look at the European Union as a whole there are 28 member states 19 of them now members of the Eurozone and at the level of heads of state and government we can only ever take unanimous decisions so no matter whether I'm a small country I'm a big country whether I feel more important or less important doesn't matter in the end each and everyone has to be convinced of one and the same thing and that we've always been able, even in the most difficult times, sometimes under time pressure sometimes a bit too slow sometimes perhaps not only in a perfect way that we've always been able to do that I think is a very convincing statement I think she was using the English time statement that speaks to our strength so I think we're quite a good institution compared to others in the world let's say if we were able to do a bit more to be a bit more curious towards what happens in another part of the world engage in a little less naval gazing, a little less parochial policies I think we can be even better and I must say I'm very pleased and a little bit proud to be part of the European Union but Madame Chancellor for strong leadership you also need coordination, vision and within this meaning I would like to congratulate you for this vision of a digital Europe we have to play the role that we can and that is within the possibilities and the means of Europe I'm sure that we'll have the opportunity of discussing this more later on today but thank you so very much for having joined us today I would also like to include in my thanks the members of your cabinet and on behalf of all the participants here I would like to wish you all success for everything that you're doing and also all the best for the period of the presidency of the G7 and may I may I also invite you to stay seated we have a very small celebration now which will take about five minutes so please remain seated