New post-war old Dutch cleanser, famous for chasing dirt, presents Nick Carter, famous for chasing crime. Every week at this time, two great names are joined. As new post-war old Dutch cleanser brings you one of the most resourceful and daring characters in all detective fiction. Nick Carter, master detective. Nick, suppose he is the murderer. You can't prove it. There isn't a shred of evidence. That's what we've got to find, Patsy. And if the proof is anywhere at all, it's here in this apartment. Well, there's a closet or something over here. Okay. You look in there while I go over these papers. Uh-huh. You've tried to struggle, Miss Bourne. This is a knife I'm holding at your back. The case of the Tattooed Cobra, today's adventure starring Lon Clark as Nick Carter, brought to you by new post-war old Dutch cleanser. Sergeant Matheson of the Homicide Squad is one of Nick's best friends, but it isn't a social call that brings Matty to the office this morning. Hey, Nick, you remember telling me last year that somebody wanted you to look for the heir to the Bristol estate? Oh, yes, Matty. The administrator of the estate, Mr. Alvin Hammond, called me in, but I didn't take the case. And you know why, Sergeant? No. It meant a trip to Europe, and Nick didn't want to go. Imagine. Patsy, you know I couldn't go at that time. Oh, foey. And Nick, uh, Bristol's wife was a Polish girl, wasn't she? Yeah, yeah, she was. When she divorced him 20 years ago, she took their son back to Europe with her. Uh-huh, and that's the last anybody ever heard of them. Oh, no, no, no, not quite Patsy. Mr. Hammond had some French detectives working on the case. They reported that the mother was dead and that the boy, Alec, supposedly died in a concentration camp during the war. So who gets the money now? Well, if Alec Bristol isn't found by the end of this year, the three million dollars goes to a distant relative in this country named George Davison. Uh-huh. You don't happen to have a picture of Alec, do you, Nick? No, I haven't, but the French detectives got a good description of him from a fellow prisoner in the concentration camp. Yeah, yeah, I remember you telling me that. He's tall and slender with blond hair and blue eyes, and he'd be, uh, 28 years old now. Boy, Sergeant, what a memory. He's lost a little finger on his left hand, and he's got a tattoo mark on his right hand. A blue and red cobra twined around the thumb, right? Maddie, you're terrific. How can you remember all that from a casual conversation almost a year ago? I didn't. We fished him out of the East River this morning, dead. There's the body, Nick. It's Bristol, isn't it? Uh, certainly fits the description. It's just as the sergeant described it, Nick, a red and blue cobra twined around the right thumb. I know, but there's one detail that's been kept a secret. They only told me because they expected me to take the case. Yeah, what's that, Nick? If this is really Alec Bristol, the cobra should be holding a shield in his mouth. It's his mother's family crest. That was to be the final identification. Well, Nick, that's it, isn't it? Yes, it's there, all right? So he didn't die in a concentration camp after all? No. Must have come to this country to get his inheritance. No, maybe so, but he didn't get it. Why, what makes you think that, Maddie? Why, his clothes, Nick, they were cheap and shabby. He wouldn't be dressed that way if he had three million bucks. Yeah, I guess you're right. Well, in that case, I think I'd like to have a talk with Mr. George Davison. Davison? Mm-hmm. Oh, the guy who gets the money now that Bristol's dead, huh? Yeah. Of course, Davison may be perfectly innocent, but it should be interesting to talk to a man with three million motives for murder. Davison will be here in a moment, Carter. He's upstairs in his room. So he's already moved into the Bristol home, Massey, Mr. Hammond? Well, yes, yes. As administrative for the estate, I saw no reason to let the house stand empty, especially since I expected to turn the property over to him at the end of this month. That is, I did until I got a letter from Alec. Oh, you really heard from Alec Bristol? Yes, last week, Miss Bourne. We've been running advertisements in European newspapers, 15 different countries, hoping that Alec was still alive. And he saw one of the ads. Yes, he was living in Marcel's. He wrote that he was taking the next boat for the state. What a break. The minute he gets here, someone stabs him in the back and throws his body in the East River. I can't understand why he didn't get in touch with me as soon as the boat docked. I'll bet George Davison is glad that he didn't. Yes. Oh, I like George well enough, but, well, Martin Bristol and I were lifelong friends. And I did hope I could turn the estate over to his boy. Oh, I say, Hammond, you didn't tell me we had guests. Come in, George, come in. Miss Bourne, Miss Carter, this is George Davison. How do you do? Well, what's everyone looking so serious about? Don't tell me the long lost son and heir has finally arrived. Yes, George. Alec's has arrived, but he's dead. Dead? Oh, I say, not really. Alec Bristol was murdered last night, Mr. Davison. Murder? Well, the estate comes to me after all, eh? Yes, I suppose it does, George. Well, who popped him off? Do you know? That's what I'm trying to find out. Mr. Davison, the medical examiner says the murder took place sometime between 10 p.m. and 2 this morning. Where were you at that time? Where was I? Yes. Why, I went up to my room about 9 o'clock to read. You remember, Hammond? Did you go out again? No, of course not. But, but George... Yes, Mr. Hammond? Uh, nothing. You started to say something. Only that I remember now that George did go upstairs early. I see. Mr. Hammond, if Alec Bristol had sent you a letter or a cablegram to tell you the exact time of his arrival, could anyone else have got hold of it before you did? Well, yes, I suppose so. Dobson leaves the mail on a table in the entrance hall. Now, see here, Carter, are you insinuating that I murdered Alec Bristol? Not at all, Mr. Davison. I'm merely collecting facts. Say, big pardon, Mr. Hammond. Where's Dobson? There's a gentleman to see you, sir. Well, who is it? A tall young man, sir, with blond hair. He didn't ask what he looked like, Dobson. Didn't he give you his name? Oh, yes, sir. He said his name is Alec Bristol. Do not understand why have you sent for the officer. Because we're investigating the murder of Alec Bristol. But that cannot be, Mr. Carter. I am Alec Bristol. With that accent, don't make me laugh. I have been in Europe since I am seven years old. Almost I have forgotten how to speak the English. Maybe, but if you're Alec Bristol, who's that guy down at the moor? I do not know. But surely, Mr. Hammond will vouch for me. Two weeks ago, I write to tell him I am coming. That's right, Sergeant. At least somebody wrote to me. Yeah, it might have been that fellow we found in the river. No, no, no, it was I. The description in the newspaper must say that too was I. Yeah, but that description fits the other man too. But the little finger which I lose in the accident of many years ago, the tattoo on my thumb. Those features apply to him too, including the family crest and the cobra's mouth. I cannot believe it. It is fantastic. I can figure it out easy enough. You read that description in the paper, realized that it fitted you perfectly. So you have that finger and thumb fixed up to complete the identification. Then you hopped a boat for America expecting to collect three million bucks. Now, wait a minute, wait a minute, Matty. You're forgetting one thing. What? The family crest and the tattooed cobra's mouth. He couldn't have got that out of the newspaper notices. It wasn't there. Okay, okay, so maybe he knew Alec Bristol a long time ago in Europe. He was familiar with the tattoo mark. Why must you assume that I am the imposter? Why could it not be the other man? Because you'd have a mighty good reason for bumping off the real heir.  I do not know. All I know is when my ship docked this morning at 10 o'clock, I get off the boat. Now, wait a minute, wait a minute.  Why should they do that, Sergeant? I am an American citizen. My papers are all in order. The consul at Marseille checked them before he let me get on the boat. Matty, let's take them down to the pier. See if the captain of the ship can identify them. Yeah, and we'll stop off at the morgue, too. Maybe you'll recognize the other Alec Bristol. Then may I return here? You may if the captain of the boat knows you. Otherwise, you're going to the city jail. How about it, Captain? You know him? Ah, yes, Sergeant. This man came over on my boat. And we didn't dock until 10 o'clock this morning, so he couldn't possibly have been in New York last night. There's the body, Mr. Bristol. Did you ever see that guy before? No, Sergeant. I am positive I'd never see that man before in my life. Hello, Mr. Bristol. Good afternoon. You are Dobson? Yes, Mr. Bristol. Come in, please.  Oh, that was kind of him. Yes, there's a letter for you, sir. It came just a few moments ago. A letter for me? Yes, sir. Registered letter. I signed for it. Here it is, sir. The Tostrain. Try to not know anyone in this country. So if that is your name... Ah, Mr. Davison. Until your identity is proved, I don't think you'd better open any mail address to Alec Bristol. But Mr. Hammond is administrator of my father's estate, and as long as he is convinced I... Well? Dobson, get Mr. Hammond on the phone, please, and ask him to come out here at once. Yes, sir. Is anything wrong, sir? If this letter is true, a great deal is wrong. Maybe I know now why that man was killed. Hello, Mr. Hammond. Is Mr. Bristol in Dobson? Yes, sir. He's waiting for you in the library, sir. Mind if we go in with you, Mr. Hammond? Oh, not at all, Carter. In fact, I'm glad you're here. Has something happened, Mr. Hammond? Apparently, yes. Dobson says Alec found out something definite about the murder. Yes, sir. He was very upset about it. Come on in, Carter. Is that why you're here? No. I came to ask the names of the people Bristol was living with in Marseille. After all, the identity angle hasn't been established for sure yet. I don't think there's any question that he's the real Alec Bristol. Oh, here's the library. Dobson, didn't you say Mr. Bristol was in here? He was, sir. Those French doors are open onto the terrace. Perhaps he's out there. I don't think so, Pessie. Look over there. High on the divan. Why, it's a man's feet, sir. Carter, is it Alec? And he's dead. Dead? Stabbed in the back, just as the other one was. Better call the police, Dobson. Oh, yes, sir. I beg your pardon. No one answered the front door, so since it was open, I thought... Who are you? Where did you come from? What's the idea of walking into other people's houses without... Did you say other people's houses? I did. Unless I'm mistaken, this is my house. Your house? Yes. I am Alec Bristol. One apparent heir to the Bristol Millions is in the city morgue. Another lies dead on the library floor. And now a third tall slender blonde young man has appeared to claim the fortune. We'll see what happens in just a moment. To the case of the tattooed cobra, today's adventure with Nick Carter brought to you by new post-war old Dutch cleanser. Alec Bristol, heir to three million dollars, can be positively identified only by a cobra tattooed on his right thumb. But one man with the secret tattoo has been found dead in the East River. Another has been stabbed to death in the library of the Bristol mansion. And now a third stands in the doorway, introducing himself. I beg your pardon. I'm Alec Bristol. You're... but perhaps I should have advised you of my arrival, but the plane arrived from Portugal only a short while ago. Nick, look at him. He's tall and blonde. All slender blondes named Alec Bristol seem to be a dime a dozen today. What's that? May I see your left hand? My... oh, the missing little finger. Of course. Now the right hand. You mean the right thumb, don't you? With the tattooed cobra? There. It's there, Nick. Naturally. And the shield is in the cobra's mouth. My mother's family crest. Carter, I don't understand. Nobody knew about that crest except you and me and... And who else, Mr. Hammond? Well, George Davison. But three men have shown up with that tattoo. How did they find out? Who told them? The police will be here in a few moments, sir. Thank you, Dobson. Is Mr. Davison here? Why, no, sir. He left half an hour ago. Said he was going into the city for dinner in the theatre. Did you see Mr. Bristol? I mean the dead Mr. Bristol, after Davison left. No, sir. After I phoned Mr. Hammond, I went back to the pantry and stayed down till you arrived. What do you mean the dead Mr. Bristol? Look, don't you think someone should tell me what's going on? Sure, I'll tell you. Over here. I want you to look at something behind the divan. There. You mean that's the real Alec Bristol there on the floor? Yes, but I thought he was dead. He is. I mean, five years ago in the concentration camp, they took him away and... So that's how you found out about the tattoo. You knew Alec Bristol in the concentration camp? Yes, he was my best friend. Friend? And you tried to steal his inheritance? I tell you, they said he was dead. What difference could it make to Alec? When I saw the notice in the Lisbon papers with the description...  Yes, except for the missing finger in the tattoo. So I found a doctor who agreed to perform the operation and keep his mouth shut. I got forged past... I knew, swindler. How do I know you didn't murder Alec? If he had killed Alec Bristol, seeing the body wouldn't have shocked him into admitting that he was an imposter. But... You're not going to let him go free. The police will take care of him. The man I want to talk to is George Davison. Speaking of Davison Carter, there's something I didn't tell you this morning about him. I'm sure it doesn't mean anything, but... I know, you started to say something and then lied out of it. Well, perhaps you'd better tell the truth now. Well, it's only that... Well, I knocked on George's door during the evening and he didn't answer. Of course he may have been asleep. Or he may have been out of the house committing a murder. Is that it? Well, I don't believe it, but it's possible that... Nick, the real Alec Bristol was going to tell Mr. Hammons something about that first murder. That must be why he was killed. Do you know, Mr. Carter, it might help if we could only find that letter. What letter, Dawson? A registered letter that came from Mr. Bristol, sir. That's where he got the information he wanted to tell Mr. Hammond. You know whether he brought that letter into the library? Yes, sir. It was in his hand when he came in here. But it isn't here now? No, sir. I've searched the room thoroughly. Who else knew that he received that letter? Why, no one, except Mr. Davison. And me, of course. Uh-uh, Davison again. Yes. Come on, Patsy. Let's get back to town. What's on your mind, Nick? Just one thing, catching a murderer. And I don't think it'll take very long now. Maddie, I want to do three things. Yeah, why? Find Davison, learn the identity of the man you fished out of the river, and find out who sent that registered letter. Well, Nick, we spotted Davison's car in a parking lot, and I got two men there waiting for him to come back. If he ever does. He'll come back. Uh-uh. Sergeant Matherson, homicide. Oh, yeah. Yeah, yeah. It's a guy who sent a trace to letter, Nick. Good. The postal clerk went down and dug out the receipt, huh? Yeah. Get a pencil, Nick. I have one. Okay, go ahead, Mollally. Sent by William Jenkins. 440, Winton Avenue, apartment 5D. Got that, Patsy? Got it. Okay, Mollally. Good work. Thanks. William Jenkins. That may mean anything to you, Nick. No. But I think Patsy and I'll go around to 440 Winton Avenue and see Mr. Jenkins. I'm glad this is the last flight. Cheer up, Patsy. The exercise will do you good. I only hope Jenkins is home. I'll know in a minute. Oh, yes, here it is, 5D. Evidently, he's home, too. The door's partly open. If he's home, why doesn't he answer? I'll knock again. Nick, if Alec Bristol was killed so somebody could get that letter and Jenkins wrote it, the fact this door is open might mean... Yeah. Yes, Patsy, it might mean the killer got here first. Let's go in. Right. Nobody here. Yeah, but look at this room. It's been turned upside down. Been thoroughly searched, all right. But for what? Look at all those papers on the floor. Yeah. Here's a Social Security card made out to William Jenkins. And here's a letter postmarked Chicago, which made... Now, wait a minute. Huh? What is it? Wait. Here's an Illinois chauffeur's license. And look at the picture on it. What? That's the first Alec Bristol, the man they found on the river. Right. So William Jenkins was going to pass himself off as Alec Bristol. Obviously. And that brings up a very interesting point. What? Don't you see, Patsy, this whole thing was planned months in advance so the amputation and the tattoo would have time to heal. Of course. The real Alec Bristol wrote to Hammond. And the deal was off. That must have been a blow to Jenkins. Yeah. But how did Jenkins know about the letter? Why, I... And another thing. The tattoo on Jenkins' thumb included the final detail, the shield and the cobra's mouth. How could Jenkins have known about that? Well, the other imposter knew about it because he was a friend of Bristol's. But Jenkins wasn't. Yeah. Bristol looked at Jenkins' body and swore he'd never seen him before. And no one else knew of that shield except Davidson, Hammond, and me. You think Davidson and Jenkins were working together? Not Davidson, Patsy. Hammond and Jenkins. Hammond and Jenkins, but why, Nick? What would Hammond get out of it? If Alec Bristol weren't found by the end of this month, Hammond would have to turn the estate over to Davidson. Naturally. But if a fake Alec Bristol turned up, Hammond could turn the estate over to him, then he and Hammond could divide three million dollars between them. Of course. All Hammond had to do was to find someone who answered the general description, unarranged for the missing finger and the tattoo. But Nick, you haven't any proof, none at all. That's what we've got to find. Something to show that there was a connection between Hammond and Jenkins. There might be something here in Jenkins' apartment. If Hammond has already found it and destroyed it. From the looks of this room, I should say that chances are good that he has. There's a closet or something over here. Maybe he overlooked that. Okay, you take a look in there while I go through these papers. More carefully. Uh-huh. Nick! Don't reach for your gun cutter unless you want a young lady to die. Make him let me go, Nick! Stay still, Miss Bowen. I'm holding a knife at your back. Don't struggle, Petsy. Hammond, if you hurt her... I won't, as long as you both do as I say. Okay. First, toss your revolver over here. There you are. Good.  You were hiding in that closet all the time, huh? I had to. I came here to destroy the receipt for that registered letter Jenkins sent to Alec and before I could leave, you two arrived. What was in that letter, Hammond? The whole story, just as you figured it out. And when I told Jenkins that the real Alec Bristol had turned up and our deal was off, he threatened to get even with me by telling Alec about it so I had to get rid of him. But you didn't know that Jenkins had already written Alec until Alec faced you with a letter.  That it? Quite right, Mr. Carter. Nobody saw me enter the house or leave it afterwards. And when I came back, you were just arriving. That gave me the perfect alibi. Well, what's next?  Not both of us. Of course not. I have enough cash hidden away to get me out of the country. And you're not going to say a word to the authorities until I'm safely gone. You seem awfully sure of that. I am because I'm taking the young lady here with me. Oh, Nick, don't let him. Wait, Hammond, you can't take her. If I leave her, Carter, I'll leave her dead. I promise you that. Oh, no. Now get into the bedroom, Carter. I'm going to lock you in there before I leave. Nick, you can't just... He can't help himself, Miss Bowen. And Carter, if I hear you trying to break out or call for help before we're out of the building, I'll shove this knife right through Miss Bowen's back. Locked in the bedroom of William Jenkins' flat, Nick hears Hammond leave with Patsy.  We'll find out what happens in just a moment. Now for the conclusion of the case of the tattooed cobra. Today's adventure with Nick Carter brought to you by new post-war old Dutch cleanser. Patsy walks slowly down the stairs and out the front door of the gloomy old tenement, conscious of the knife pressed against her back and of the man who's ready to use it if she attempts to break away. Now down the steps and across the sidewalk.  I'm afraid I have to. Oh, no, please. Hammond, huh? What? Stop that knife, Hammond! Drop it! You're breaking my arm! Drop it! That's better. All right, Patsy, pick it up.  Sure, Nick, but where did you... I mean, how? When he locked me in the bedroom, he overlooked the fact that the bedroom window opened on a fire escape running down the front of the building. So I climbed down the fire escape and waited on the first floor platform until you walked across beneath me. Then I jumped him. He was going to kill me. Well, his killing days are over. Find the nearest police call box, Patsy. We'll hold him here until the police arrive. So George Davison will get the estate after all. Yeah, he's the only relative left now. Uh-huh. Nick, there's one thing I still want to know. What? If Hammond planned to bring in a phony ear, why did he try to hire you to find the real one? Self-protection, Patsy. Huh? You see, if Alec Bristol really were alive, Hammond wanted to know it before he went ahead with the scheme. Yeah, I can see that it would have been disastrous for the real air to show up after Hammond had produced a false one. Yes, Hammond might have got away with the first murder because Davison seemed to be the only person with a motive for it. But one killing led to another. Uh-huh, and that led to me. I suppose he figured the state could only make him pay for one murder, no matter how many he committed. Yes, but when Hammond goes to the chair, he'll find that once is plenty. Nick Carter, master detective, is presented each week at this time by the Cuddehee Packing Company. It is produced and directed by Jock McGregor and is copyrighted by Street and Smith Publications Incorporated. Charlotte Manson is featured as Patsy, Ed Latimer plays Matty. Today's script was written by Jim Parsons. Original music is played by Henry Silverne. This program is fictional, and any resemblance to actual persons living or dead is purely coincidental. This is Michael Fitzmouris saying, when minutes count, use new post-war old Dutch cleansers. This is the Mutual Broadcasting System.


Okay, good evening everyone. I'm waiting for others to join. There are at least eight nine more people to join out here So Let's wait for them. Okay Okay till the time they join I'll give you a question you solve it so till now we know Tales theorem what we already know I am writing it on the so We have already done tales theorem and We have also done Criteria for similarity in that we have completed triple angle similarity Which leads to double angle similarity then We have side side side Similarity and then we proved in the class last time side angle side similarity So now we would be solving question based on all these things So, that's how we also solved Perpendicular theorem so I'm not Adding that now The question is There are we will solve three more theorems. So you will solve it the Additional theorems are if two triangles are equi-angular and equi-angular means Angles are same corresponding angles are same prove that the ratio of their corresponding sides It's same as ratio of the corresponding at altitudes So I'm drawing figures for you guys in this I'm sorry. So, suppose I have a triangle like this. I Again have a triangle like this. I Draw an altitude like this. I Again draw an altitude like this. I am naming it This I'm naming it as a B C L and This I am named naming it as D E F and this as M So you have to prove that by DE is equal to BC by EF is Equal to I'm assuming that angle A is equal to angle D because it is equi-angular So this is given to you an angle B is equal to angle E angle C is equal to angle F This is given to you So you have to prove that AB by DE is equal to BC by EF and that is equal to AC by DF and That is also equal to AL by DM So you don't have to prove this actually because of with A Similarity you can write this you just have to prove that any one of them is equal to AL by DM That's what you have to do Solve it quickly. I give you two minutes those who are joining now a Question has been written on the screen. You have to solve it figures. I have already drawn good Your method is right, Vanessa. Okay. Should I solve it? Screen quality bad for all of you Hanish Okay Fine. So look at here a BC I'm writing solution out here if ABC and DEF are Equi-angular Then I can write that ABC is similar to DEF By angle angle angle similarity so if this is the case then AB by DE is Equal to BC by EF as it has been written How will I prove that this also comes into picture to take this into picture? The concept is how you should think about this question that is very important. So when when I draw these two When I draw these two perpendicular, so this perpendicular divides Triangle ABC into two parts. I'm not saying equal parts. It may look like equal. It may not be equal. So for Your clarification, I'm not saying equal parts Similarly, this DM is dividing this triangle DEF into two equal parts Now if I prove that one part of this triangle is Similar to one part of this triangle, then I'll be able to prove that AB by EF would be equal to AL by LM So the concept that I should apply here or the thought process should be that I prove one part of this triangle So for this for for this question, let's say I am proving ALB I have to prove this if I am able to prove this ALB is similar to D ME Then I'll be able to write AB by DE is equal to AL by DM so My question would be solved now. How will I prove this? So try to understand you look at here Angle L is equal to angle M. So why because it is an altitude. So this is 90 degree So this has been given to me and as it is equi-angular So angle B would be equal to angle E. So this is given in the question Now we all understand that Already by double angle similarity, I can write that ALB is Similar to angle DME and when I am able to write it, I can write that AB by DE is equal to AL by DM and I can also write corresponding side. So Question may be turned that the ratio of the sides on which altitudes are drawn Altitudes have been drawn on side BC and EF So I can similarly write BC and EF because AB by DE is equal to BC by EF. So this is how it is So I hope you understood it The second question is for those screen is not clear you increase the quality So Screen quality can be adjusted from the YouTube instead of 360 you make it 480 or above Screen quality would be good in that that case Similarly second theorem of today's class is if triangles are equi-angular prove that the ratio of their Corresponding sides as the ratio of their corresponding medians solve it. I'm not drawing Once you are done. Let me know Then I'll start solving because I don't like to wait much so If you're done, let me know. Okay. I'm solving it now. So Again first I'll draw the figure for you and The figure would be something like this. This is one figure and This is the another one I draw a median for you. So This is my median and I name it ABC again. I name it ABC This is L and this is DEF And this is M if it is equi-angular so angle A is equal to angle D angle B is equal to angle E and Angle C is equal to angle F So this has been given and if this has been given so I can write that triangle ABC is similar to triangle DEF and And in that case I can write that AB by DE is equal to BC by EF is equal to AC by DF is equal to AL by DM So this I have to prove Proof now again the thought process should be if I have to include this median then I'll have to prove that So I'll have to prove that That the triangles formed by these medians inside the original triangles are similar so I am taking ABL is similar to D sorry It's similar to DM E and To prove it. I already know that angle B is equal to angle E. So there is no problem out there now Try to understand So look at here if it is a median. So if it is a median what happens is AB by DE I can already write here and what is getting divided into two parts BC and EF is getting divided into two parts. So I can write this BC as so BC equal to to BL and EF here would be equal to 2 EM So I can write BL by EM So side side similarity is there and if it is median. So what happens is so as I have taught you last class SAS similarity in SAS similarity what happens that Ratio of the two corresponding sides are equal So AB by DE is equal to BL by EM and the angle in Angle made by these two corresponding sides are also equal. So I can write here Angle B is equal to angle E and if this case is in front of me I can write that by SAS similarity ABC is similar to DEF So in that case I can write that AB by DE which is also equal to because corresponding sides have been asked BC by EF That is equal to AL Divided by DM. That is how you solve it Now next one is same thing I'm not writing the question. I have written two questions the may replace median Because it's taking a lot of time in we have done it for perpendicular altitude. We have done it for medians replace altitude or Median with angular bisector So take angular bisectors of angle A and angle D correspondingly and then prove it And this is very simple Angle is the included one vocal if you go to the previous question. Let me take you to the previous question Angle is included one. I'm saying AB by D. So I'm sticking this side I'm saying BL by EM. So I'm taking this side Angle B is equal to angle E. So angle B is included in AB and BL Angle E is included in DE and EM. So this is included angle Pradyat, you cannot apply a similarity because there there is no concept of a in in case of medians You have to apply SAS Once you are done, let me know. I don't think that can be solved by a because there is No possibility of a there Okay, so a lot of people have done it. So let me take This is one So this is a BC and this is DEF again the same methodology So angle I'm just solving it quickly angle B is equal to angle E and I know that angle A is equal to angle D Now AL and DM are angular bisectors. So hence they will be bisecting angle A and D So half of A is equal to half of D So I can write that by angle angle similarity ABL is similar to DEM So by that I can write AB by DE is equal to BC by EF and that is equal to AL by DM So these three theorems are proved now, let's move to questions so Questions are and this is CBAC 2002 question so Approve that for similar triangles the ratio of their corresponding sides is equal to ratio of their Perimeters quickly in this In this question giving hint when solving the question itself so wait for two minutes Good two more minutes nothing more than that. Okay. Now look at here. So ABC And DF So if two triangles are similar I can write that and an opposite side. I'm writing this as a this as B and this as C And this as D this as E and this as small F So a by D Is equal to B by E is equal to C by F So this is already given I have to prove that that this is equal to a plus B plus C Divided by D plus E plus F So now suppose I prove it I write it equal to K so a is DK B is equal to E K and C is equal to F K Put it here. So this gives me DK Plus E K plus F K Divided by D plus E plus F take K common D plus E plus F Divided by D plus E plus F So that comes out to be equal to K. It means that if this is equal to K. This is also equal to K So that's how we prove this so we can write that This is equal to perimeter of triangle ABC divided by perimeter of triangle DF Well, that's how you prove it Okay, next question This is a triangle and I draw a perpendicular out here. This is one perpendicular And This one is another perpendicular So I name them a B C D E and this is perpendicular. This is also perpendicular So they intersect these two altitudes intersect at point P You have to show that or prove that first one is triangle AEP It's similar to triangle CDP CDP second one is a triangle ABD is similar to triangle CBE third one is triangle AEP It's similar to triangle ADB and fourth one is triangle PDC It's similar to triangle BC This is P If you are done, let me know So I've not got one answer Yes, you can with them. I've got only one answer as done, okay You take two more minutes Okay, so a lot of you are giving answer that you have done it One person is saying that Wait a minute. I'll wait for one more minute for him Okay so now let's start solving these questions and I'm doing the first part of it. So Have a look at it for first part tell me to prove that that triangle AEP Has to be proved similar to triangle CDP So let's go to triangle AP if you want you can redraw it So this one is triangle AP and this one is triangle CDP So I know that here angle E is equal to angle D because they are both 90 degrees So it has been given to me now This angle is equal to this angle. So I am writing angle APE is equal to angle C PD why because they are vertically opposite angles, so they would be equal So I prove by angle angle similarity that these two triangles are similar. I don't need to prove much second one is Triangle ABD is Is similar to triangle CBE so So try to understand ABD where is ABD ABD is this triangle this particular triangle ABD and CBE is CBE is this triangle So I can write angle B is equal to angle B because angle B is common between both the triangles and angle D Is equal to angle E because they are 90 degrees. So this is angle angle similarity similarly, the third one is angle a triangle AP so AEP is again this triangle and triangle ADB So again triangle ADP is this triangle now try to understand here also angle B is equal to no, sorry A triangle AEP so AEP So once again, just give me a moment. This is not right. So I'm just erasing it So and I can write angle E is equal to angle D that is 90 degree and Look at here Okay, so this angle is common between both the triangles it is common in AP also and it is common in ABD also So I can write angle BAD is equal to angle EAP because angle A is common there. So again, I can Prove AA similarity and let me go to the fourth one. So PDC Let me solve fourth one here so that you can understand it. The figure is also not erased So fourth one is PDC and BAC. So where is PDC? PDC is this one and where is BEC? So BEC is this bigger triangle now try to understand in this PEC and BEC this angle is common. So I can write PED Sorry PCD Let me erase it So that it doesn't create any confusion So PCD is equal to angle ECB angle C is common And I know that angle D is equal to angle E. So again AA similarity. So that is also proved So they're very very simple question Now let me go to A question um And there is no figure in this question. So I love this kind of figures. I don't have to draw one So question is In a triangle ABC Angle sorry side AB is equal to AC And D is a Point On AC Such that BC square is equal to AC Into DC prove that BD is equal to BC quickly Do it. Yeah Charan My power is low. I just quickly put into charge Once you're done, let me know Do it quickly Okay, one answer Two people have done I'm waiting Okay, I've got a lot of answers till now. So I mean I've got a lot of people saying that They've done it. So Let me solve it So let me draw a triangle first and the triangle is like this and then Let me draw a line first and the line is something like this Okay, and Let me name it then. So this is a this is B. This is C and this is D now It has been given two things have been given So I am writing things given to me given is AV is equal to AC I know angle B would be equal to angle C because It is an isocellous triangle similarly I have been given that BC square is equal to AC into DC So this is also given to me. So these are the given things now this BC square by BC square is equal to AC into DC can be written as BC by DC Is equal to AC by BC Why am I writing this because if I have to prove this BD is equal to BC Somehow I have to utilize the formula of corresponding angles Corresponding sides that the ratio of corresponding sides are equal And to do so I have to prove similarity and that is why this particular equation I am writing it in terms of the ratio of corresponding sides. So I know that I am writing BC By DC is equal to AC by BC. So I It means that if I take this and I write like this BC by AC Is equal to DC By BC that will also be a Way to write it and I know that if I am talking about BC DC AC BC then it means that I am talking about two triangles and these triangles are triangle ABC and triangle BDC So in triangle BDC, obviously BC by AC is equal to or BC by DC is equal to these From these two things ratio of corresponding sides have been taken and I know that Or let me write like this. This is BC by AC Is equal to BC by BC. I'm talking about only these two sides Hence the included angle is angle C. So I write angle C is equal to C And this proves by SAS similarity that triangle ABC is similar to triangle BDC And if this is there, then I can write that in in in the same similarity. I can write that AC divided by BC Is equal to AB divided by BD Now I know that AC is equal to AB So this and this gets cancelled out. So I can write BC is equal to BD. So that is how you prove it Next question Okay, next question is Again, no diagrams. So in Triangle ABC P and QR midpoints of AB and AC respectively Such that PQ is Parallel to BC Prove that median drawn BC from A And median name is AD median AD drawn to BC from A bisects PQ Quickly done No one has done yet Okay, wait two three moments Okay, so Three people have done it till now. Okay I will wait Okay So a lot of people have done it now. So, um, I can write the answer I can I can Start giving you the answer of this question And this question tells me that so let me make a diagram for you and this looks something like this And I then I draw a line like this So and then I know how to mark it So this is a this is B. This is C And these are the midpoints. So this is P and Q And I have to draw one more line. So Let me take Different. So this is nothing but D So, uh What has been given to me this has been given to me that AD is a median So BD is equal to DC. I know AP is equal to PB and AQ is equal to QC because they are midpoints And now what I can do over here is that I know that Try to understand if I have to prove that these I have to prove that suppose this point is E So I have to prove that let me write with a different color So to prove that PE is equal to EQ If I have to prove that PE is equal to EQ Then somehow or the other I have to apply this formula of Similarity of triangles where I will be writing a ratio of corresponding sides and then I'll prove it So to do this what I can do is Let me Take triangle APE And triangle ADB So I know that this angle is common. So angle PE is equal to Angle BAD This is given Angle APE So this and this would be equal. Why because these two sides are parallel. So these would be corresponding angles So angle P is equal to angle B because they are corresponding angles So corresponding angles So two angles are same. So I can write by a similarity that triangle APE is Similar to triangle AD B So I can write that AE by AD Is equal to PE by BD and I also know that BD is equal to DC Now what I'll do I'll go to the other side of the triangle So I know that I don't I am not proving it You can prove that this angle is common and this angle and this angle are equal. So you can write that triangle A QE is similar to triangle ADC And you can write here that AE by AD Would be equal to EQ Divided by DC Now AE by AD is common both the sides. So from if this is equation one and this is equation two from these two equations What I can write over here is that PE by BD Would be equal to EQ by DC Now I have already written here that BD and DC are equal because this is a median out here So this can be cancelled out and I can write PE is equal to EQ Which tells me that E is the midpoint of this line PQ or E is or this line AD is or AE is bisecting PQ So I hope you understood it Next question is line segments Joining the midpoints of the sides of a triangle form four triangles each of which is similar to the original triangle Solve it quickly You can do it Mehta You can do it. You can make parallelogram out there Ankit try Ankit Raj Ankit Okay, how many of you have done it? Yes Okay Charan has done Raj Ankit has done A lot of people have done I have not seen this, huh? Okay, let me solve it.  These are the midpoints of the sides. So DEF are midpoints of BC, AC and AB respectively So I have to prove this that triangle AFE This is one triangle Is similar to ABC Triangle FBD It's similar to ABC triangle EDC Is triangle similar to ABC? And triangle DEF It's similar to triangle ABC Now, how do I prove it? So let me prove it for you So let's say that FNER midpoints of A and AB and AC respectively So F and ER midpoints AB and AC respectively So apply midpoint theorem Or write by Thales theorem Which is our converse of Thales theorem Which is nothing but midpoint theorem proof of midpoint theorem FE would be parallel to BC So hence F and BR equal A is common A is equal to A F is equal to B and C is equal to E. So hence proved Similarly, this this is So everything is same. You just have to show that this is Parallel to this and this angle and this angle would be equal this angle and this angle would be equal This is common. So you can prove that BFD is similar to ABC. Similarly This and this are parallel by midpoint theorem. So you can show that DCE is Similarly for EDC Similar to ABC now You only need to prove that DEF is So if to prove this DEF I have to prove this only now So let me go here and let me write That now we need to show that triangle DEF is similar to triangle ABC and to Prove it what I do write is that Look at here ED is Parallel to AF And what is AF? I'll show you here. I'm saying that ED is parallel to AF Why I'm writing parallel to AF because ED is parallel to AB and AF is part of AB And that is why I have been writing ED is parallel to AAF I can also write that FD is Sorry FD is parallel to AE So opposite sides are parallel. So I can write that AF DE is a parallelogram It's a parallelogram Now if it is a parallelogram then Opposite opposite angles would be equal. So this angle Would be so angle D is equal to here angle D. This angle D is equal to angle A And I can write that Similarly, you can show that show that Uh, I'm making a parallel this as parallelogram again. I can make this as parallelogram this one So I can show that BDEF is also a parallelogram and from there angle B would be equal to angle E So this is equal to A. This is equal to B. Similarly, I can show that F is equal to C So all three angles are equal. So I can write that B is equal to E And by from here only I write angle angle similarity and it will be proved So no worries out here Okay, wonderful. So let's have a question now on Obviously you can use but congruency. How will you use? I don't think you can use congruency or size sides have never been given here So Try to understand. Let me draw a figure for you. This is Like this It's something like this So it's something like this. So let me now write its name And let me give you the properties. So this is a This is B. This is C and this is DE This is FG and this is 90 degrees So you have to prove that And it has been given that DE FG is a square Given angle A is equal to 90 degrees Given proof triangle AGF Is similar to triangle DBG Triangle AGF Is similar to triangle EFC Triangle DBG it's similar to triangle EFC And fourth one is DE square Is equal to BD into EC This is first This is second Third, this is fourth Hey focus on solving question not teasing each other Give me the answer Good Why people have left only 10 people are here Who all are there? Just let me know. Let me check how many of them are not Pat And don't message them that sir is asking for attendance I've got attendance of at least 12 people and and and it is showing only nine people are watching it. How come? Okay, maybe Chalo, let's solve Solve give me the answer only one answer I've gotten now Okay, fourth one. You are not getting chalo. Let me solve So let me first go to AGF. Where is where where is AGF? This is AGF This one is AGF and DBG So DBG is this one. So I have to prove similarity of this and similarity of this How will I prove it? So this angle is 90 because it is an square and this is 90 So for first one Okay, let me write Let me change the color first. Okay for triangle AZF And triangle dvg Angle a is equal to angle d No doubt about it And if this is a square so this angle is parallel to this angle Sorry, this side is I can write that de is parallel to gf why because square sides So this angle will be equal to this angle. So angle b is equal to angle g Because they are correspond corresponding angles. So corresponding angles So by a similarity, I proved that these two are similar. So first one is proved Second one is AGF and EFC. So similarly, this is 90. This is 90 and this and this are similar. So that is proved DBG DBG and EFC. How do you prove it? So this is 90 and this is 90 So third one second one can be proved. Similarly like first one third one is triangle dvg And triangle EFC How do you prove it? So you can write that or you can write that angle d is equal to angle e and b is equal to g and c is equal to f So try to understand or Better solution would be that this triangle is similar to this triangle. This triangle is similar to this triangle So if this triangle is similar to this triangle, this triangle is similar to this triangle So these two triangles has to be similar. So from one and two only this is getting proved. No need to prove it separately So let me go to the fourth one. The fourth one is what I can write triangle dvg is similar to triangle azf and triangle EFC is similar to triangle azf From here you can prove this fourth one Where were you Karthik? After two minutes three minutes you are saying you are here Left the class in between when to enjoy somewhere, huh? now as triangle Look at here bd is here ec is here and dc is d is in between So bd and ec are part of triangle dvg And I know that triangle dvg is similar to triangle ecf So I can write that bd divided by ef or bd divided by dg Is equal to dg ef divided by ec now I can write that bd by ef Is equal to dg By ec So I can also write that One second Now look at here this Where is dg one second? Okay, I got it So dg and ef are equal because try to understand look at here. I'm writing one thing that d e is equal to ef Is equal to fg is equal to dg Why because they are sides of a square So I need bd. I need ec. So you look at here bd into ec from here is equal to dg into ef Dg and ef both are sides of square So dg and ef both are sides of square They can be replaced with de because that is also side of square So that can be written as de square Is equal to bd into ec Okay, so this question is done Let's solve next question This question is like this How many more till the time 8 o'clock? I am not bored. You are bored already, huh? or through the midpoint m of the side cd of a Parallelogram abcd the line bm is drawn intersecting ac in l and ad produced to e Prove that el is equal to I cannot draw the diagram. I don't know it Poppers fully. I have given this question so don't kill the poppers Of giving this question to draw it yourself The sole purpose of giving this question was to make you draw the diagram yourself Hey, it's all the question Half the time you are like bro, bro, bro, huh? Okay Fine one person has done it Okay, so this is the diagram Now in this diagram, I have to prove that And this is l they are intersecting in l. So I have to prove that al is equal to 2 bl So how do I prove it? So look at here Let's stick different angles. So let me assume angle. Suppose this this is angle one And this is angle two This is angle three This is angle four This is angle five This is angle six So I take triangle triangle bmc And triangle emd So I take these triangles. So I know that Angle one is equal to angle two because they are vertically opposite angles I know that mc is equal to md because m is Midpoint angle bcm So this angle is Try to understand This angle would be equal to angle this angle Now you ask me. Um, no, not this angle. Uh, this particular angle Why this angle would be equal to this angle try to understand angle b Cm is equal to angle edm because If they are parallelogram, so this side and this side is parallel and this is so I am writing here bc is parallel to ad and dc is dc is Transversal So if dc is transversal, then in that case what will happen angle d will be equal to angle c So whatever I written this is nothing but congruency so triangle bmc Is congruent to triangle edm So if this is the case then by cpct I can write by cpct bc is equal to de this x side and If bc is equal to dc de I know that bc is also equal to ad Why because they are opposite sides of parallelogram. So I can write that ad is equal to de So I can write bc is equal to ad that is equal to dc So you look at here then it can be written as if ad is equal to de So ae Is equal to ad Plus de So that can be written as to ad or it can be written as to ae because they are all equal Or it can be written as to bc. So anything is possible out here Now, let me go to another triangle. I have to prove that bl and en So then I have to take triangle bl is part of triangle cbl and El is part of triangle ael So triangle ael if you are not able to Look at the diagram try to understand bl is part of this triangle cbl And this is ael. So what I'll write over here is I'll write that Angle 5 is equal to 6 which is vertically opposite angle now angle 3 is equal to angle 4 And which one is 3 and which one is 4? I'll show you now Now look at here this angle and this angle would be equal because they are Alternate angles. These are the two parallel sides. They are alternate angles So I can write it as alternate angles And if they are alternate angles then by AA similarity, I can write that triangle cbl is Similar to triangle ael if they are similar then I can write that el By bl Is equal to ae This el by bl is equal to ae Divided by bc Now, I know that ae by bc is equal to 2 From here ae by bc is 2. So el by bl is also 2. So I can write el is equal to 2 bl So this is what the question is now your homework is After this topic I've done most of the examples after this topic Whatever exercise comes so there are four exercises in this question in this Chapter triangles the first one is after the el's theorem. The second one is after similarity this particular topic which we are doing so after similarity whichever Exercise is there. You solve all the questions of that exercise before next friday. I'll be checking that plus After this You have theorems of Ratio of areas of two similar triangles. You solve most of the Salt examples from there So that's your homework Charon you cannot use congruency here. There is no Chance of using congruency. Congruency can only be used when when the sides are equal Here there is no relationship between Sides have been given so r s agarwal from r s agarwal solve exercise after similarity of triangles plus after that exercise Theorums have been proved about ratio of area of triangles for similar triangles. You do that Do the salt examples and then let's meet on next friday. Thank you so much for joining the class Bye


What's up Zen Dude Nation? Today we're talking about, I always do this. I always throw my hands in the air in the beginning of workouts or videos. So Zen Dude Nation, today we are talking about how to jump rope to lose weight. Now there's a lot of people out there who are really good at jumping rope, but maybe they don't have the body that you want, right? They don't have that lean, sprinter or soccer-like physique. So that's because you can't necessarily just correlate jumping rope with having the body you want. You have to jump rope a certain way to make sure that you're losing body fat. So you're not gonna learn how to do the coolest tricks in this video, but you are going to learn how to jump rope in a way that's gonna help you remove body fat and reveal sex. Pure sex from here down to there. So if you liked this video, please give it a like guys. Comment below if you have questions. Subscribe to the channel.  So if you wanna get in that free challenge, click the link in the first line of the description and you're in. First thing, when it comes to jumping rope, we recommend that you jump rope fast. Oh, what's that, Dan? Oh, Dan wants me to explain to you guys what fasting is. Well, fasting is just not eating. No.  No. Before you get your panties up in a bunch, listen, we understand that that scares some people, but when you jump rope on a fastest stomach, you're no longer using glucose or fuel yourself while you work out.  It's the best thing ever.  Number two, we want you using a weighted handle jump rope. If you use a regular speed rope, yeah, maybe you could do cooler tricks, but guess what?  Step three, you guys, we want you doing high intensity interval training.  I guess it's not only repetition, it's just 30 seconds of jumping your rope and then 10 seconds rest. You can do that eight times in one circuit and you can go ahead and do that three to five times for one high intensity interval training workout. You guys, you don't even need to listen to me say this. We created YouTube workouts. We got a ton of them that follow this strategy. Step four, do exercises that you feel comfortable with. If you are trying to do a really wild trick, you're probably going to mess up a lot and you're not going to burn a ton of calories. So we want you doing exercises that you're already pretty fluent in. For example, the regular bounce or for example, the run in place, exercises that you can go super fast and hard on and you're not going to necessarily be messing up. You guys, so important. Step number five is make sure that you go all out with your effort. Now, if you're jumping rope at a moderate pace, yeah, you might get some endorphins pumping. You feel kind of good, but we're here to lose weight. We're here to remove body fat. So make sure that when you go, you're imagining there's a bear running behind you and you need to jump rope to escape him and stay alive. So you want to have that rope out on the side so you can spin that rope as fast as possible. Making sure, of course, you're removing as much body fat from your body as possible.  Finally, you guys, don't do one of these workouts and wonder why it didn't work. You need to do three to five of these every single week for ever, not forever, you guys, but you need to do it until you start to see results, okay? Like anything else you've tried to get good at. If you're trying to get a six-pack or you want to get lean, you want a sexy body, it just takes time, guys. So do these workouts three to five times a week and you're going to see fat being removed and you're going to see muscle being gained.  It's all going to be great stuff, guys. Just stick with it and you're going to see the results you want. So you want to hold your hands out to the sides and make sure that you can spin that motherfucker as fast as possible. Okay, maybe I won't say motherfucker.


What exists because of you?  What a thought. What exists? Do you feel the energy of that? Everything else is small. The girl doesn't text you back, that's small. What exists because of you? So my whole thing that I've been trying to understand and trying to talk about is the polarity which we've lost in this world of men, being men and women being women. The masculine edge, the masculine spirit of men is a thrusting nature. It's a penetrative energy. We can't penetrate our women, we can't penetrate our lives, we can't penetrate our businesses, we're like, oh, we're apologetic, it's okay, it's good enough, we're beige. We can't penetrate anymore. And I'll say this, it's politically incorrect and I'll get slammed for it and I don't care. The energy of women is a receiving energy to receive that penetration, to receive that masculine energy into the feminine spirit and to rebirth it, to give it rebirth. The true feminine spirit which is gone from the earth, just like the true masculine spirit is gone from the earth. The true feminine spirit is a regenerative, life-giving energy.  Am I right? Some woman that was just kind and gave you of her generous feminine spirit breaks your heart. It breaks your heart. If you make love to a beautiful woman that is way out of your league, quote unquote, who's a beautiful, generous energy of receiving your masculine spirit and giving you the rebirth that we crave, if you're in bed with that woman and she gives you that energy, you almost cry, it breaks your heart and is rare as a tiger lily, it's rare, it's a rare spirit. When you make love to a beautiful woman, imagine this guys, all is forgiven, all the rejections you had, all the mistakes you made talking to women, all the mess ups you made when you thought it's all forgiven. Everything's forgiven. You reset. That's, like I said, it's politically incorrect, I'll say it. You know, like if I worked at a, if I was a professor I'd lose my tenure, if I was working in a media or something, I'd lose my job, I can't, I can't, so I'll say it. This is the receiving role of women and there's countless women out there trying to restore that balance to, believe me.  That's 20% of the voices, guys. 80% is the silent majority of men and women who really want restoration, want a beautiful balance again. Of polarity of men and women, of this beautiful magnetic energy that attracts. We don't have that, we have sameness. We are all born under this so-called second wave equality movement and the goal of the equality movement was equality and we didn't get it. 60 years later, we still don't have equality. We have sameness. Men are more like women, women are more like men and there's no attraction in that at all.   You can't even say that. You offended me and I have protection powers to take a dump on you because of that, right? So we have to be asexual under the fluorescent lights in our offices, asexual, eyes front, everyone has no gender and then you're supposed to turn it on in the weekend when you go out. There you go, that's our problem. You can't.


So, formally we used to have reporting on crisis and catastrophes by journalists, but since everyone is having a smartphone, everyone can take videos or pictures, and what does that mean actually for perception for everyone else around the world, and what kind of conflicts will arise for helping institutions on the grounds. So Ruben Neugebauer and Sebastian Junemann from kdos.ev are going to talk about them. So enjoy this talk. Yes, good morning everyone. So good to see so many faces already. It's always hard when you have an early slot. I would like to start with saying that there's three of us. We're going to have a life connection to Faye Bauman from the Kurdish Red Half Moon. She is currently in northeast Syria where our projects are located. We hope that this life connection will work and that she can give us some impressions directly from the ground. Just from the beginning, KADUS itself as a humanitarian organization is and has to be religious and politically independent, but we as humans are clearly not. We understand and we define ourselves as left. So when we talk about this offensive by the Turkish, we do not claim to do this in an academic, neutral way, but actually in a political way. We do want to say that up front and have this as a disclaimer. So a little bit about us and what we're doing and the other organization they're working with. It's a helping organization kind of like ASB, which is the Abert as a Maritabund. They do saving missions, but they're also involved in rehabilitation and psychological welfare and care. It's a very, very large organization by now. Over the past five years, we've grown quite a lot. We have partnerships with them a lot and on a continuous basis. Especially at the moment, there's a, us, we're like a smaller organization in Berlin. We are kind of like have this crisis response maker space. Some of your faces I've seen around. We're trying to work on a diverse set of problems that we have in the humanitarian market, more this kind of classical kind of maker thing. But we're also doing field work and we've been doing it for five years, mainly in northeast Syria. We also were in Iraq, did a short trip to sea saviour and in northeast Syria, but this is where we mainly do our work. So since 2014, we've done work in that region. As a disclaimer up front also, Rajava was part of the title of the talk and it's quite difficult to use this term because the structures on the ground currently they would like to refer to this as northeast Syria as it is self-governed and we're trying to do that. But because the term Rajava has been used in the media so much, that's why we're using it. But we do want to mention this in the beginning. All right. So crisis and communication, it's, there's lots of stuff that you can follow life. There's like rockets that are being shot to the mass and we can see them coming back to the ground. We can see the PR department of the German train company. You can live stream German folk artists. You can also follow crises and conflicts live. And for a long time, we've asked ourselves, what does that actually mean for organizations on the ground? It's great if you have that many information, but it's a different thing when you don't just want to inform yourself, but you also want to work as an organization on the ground and you want to make decisions and you have to make decisions about where can I help? Where am I maybe potentially also in danger? That sort of stuff, that sort of information. What does this mean for organizations on the ground? We're kind of in the post factual era in the era of Twitter diplomacy. And today was, are not just, they mean they're, they're followed by social media and they're also being kind of fought on social media to a certain extent. So there's sources and diversity in sources in all of social media. It is on the one hand that we have so much more information that we used to have, mainly we also have it so much quicker, but on the other hand, this also means it becomes a lot more difficult to evaluate this information because disinformation and gossip and that sort of misinformation spreads just as fast. So for a long time, we kind of wanted to talk about what does that actually mean for us on the ground, this kind of changed media landscape. And we have one good example on the ground for this, yeah. So why is Northeast Syria such a good example? Well, it, it isn't a classical conflict in a sense. It's a civil war within Syria with multiple different players with militia with a state regime that internationally has been questionable. And what does propaganda, it's kind of like a plate, like a proxy war. And there is accompanying this, there's this, this conflict between the Turkish and the Kurdish. And all of that is merged in this region.  So there's, there's a lot of stuff that comes together in a conflict region that usually don't come, doesn't come up. But in this case, it's kind of interesting to look at. But even in the past five years, it was always quite dynamic. And even though the clown in the White House has been in office for quite some time, but over the past few months, the dynamic of the conflict has gotten so much more extreme that we really, really cannot rely on anything anymore. Erdogan, for a long time, has been threatening and wanting to do some things, claiming he started an offensive. But there was always some sort of level of stability that you could count on, basically, also because of this kind of status of a proxy war. But like reading this tweet, I was really like, did he get hacked or was he has gone completely off the rocks? And that's why today we want to focus on how do you handle sources and source identification and how to rely on sources. And how can I respond to them when I'm on the ground? We want to start with giving a short overview. What actually took place when the invasion happened? In order to do that, we want to get Fih to be also here with us. Do I have to do something? Are you guys doing it? Oh. Hi, Fih. Maybe really quickly, Fih works for the Kurdish Red Half Moon. She does not like to introduce herself, but she does an amazing outstanding job. She coordinates lots of different projects. And she has a much better insight than us, who are there a lot, but do not have the same expertise that she does. Fih, maybe your part. Fih, wait a second. We don't have sound yet. Still no sound from the video. Hello? Oh. OK, so the sound is somewhat. So unfortunately, the sound from the video into the booth is really bad. OK, so she's talking about how she cannot. Sorry, guys. It's really hard because we're not getting a direct audio stream from what's going on on the video. So unfortunately, we simply cannot translate this at this time. Bear with us. We're going to be back with you when the people on stage are back to talking. And hopefully, they're going to give a bit of a summary of what we just had. Slash, we didn't hear, unfortunately. So sorry. OK, so additionally, there are still walls going on. I'm getting a better tune now. At the moment, there is not as many civilians involved and being affected by it. That's great. But currently, this is limited to military actors. Additionally, it is, however, the case that the state of security has worsened all over the region. There's ISIS cells that are trying to destabilize this region even further, as best as they can. And these cells, since the attacks by the Turkish government have grown, there's a lot more attacks going on everywhere now. Additionally, it is the case that the region that is now being taken over and occupied by the Turkish, it is assumed that it's forbidden that Kurdish is not being allowed to be spoken on the streets anymore. All public official buildings have been renamed. There's no more Kurdish language being used, only Turkish or Arabic. And it is quite clear that it's similar like Afrin. It's completely forbidden that Turkish is being spoken on the streets at Kurdish. I'm sorry, guys. The medical supply on the ground, even before the offensive eight years of civil war, it was quite dire, and taking care of refugees in the older camps, it was miserable, it was horrible, it was quite critical. Now with 300,000 more refugees, it has become even more extreme, and it's much more critical than it was before. Additionally, it's winter now. So that means that a lot of people catching diseases are getting sick, it's much colder, people are being put up in tents. It's the rainy season. We have a lot of newborns and pregnant women who are in much danger, obviously. We have a lot of, I mean this is a high stress environment, which leads to a lot of psychological problems clearly. And what we can basically not stabilize, like it's really hard to supply that kind of care. So the environment, basically everybody here has lost everything, and they can't go back. Drinking water and enough food is quite not good, like there's just too little for everyone. And on top of that, one of the main water pipes has been damaged by an airstrike from Turkey and is now part of the Turkish sector is still broken. So that means that about 700,000, probably more are without water or without enough water. At the moment, we're carrying in the water in big trucks, but the quality of that water is obviously a lot worse. We have the problem that currently it's quite stable that humanitarian goods are being shipped in and being waved through, but we're always depending on the good will of, for example, Iraqi border patrols. And we cannot rely on humanitarian goods coming in on time. And we cannot always pass it on on time on the ground to other regions, because the streets are still quite insecure and unsafe. Also the distribution to public hospitals and medical equipment is also very bad. And it's becoming worse. It's becoming worse. Also, of course, because of the war or because of the attack from Turkey, there's a lot of highly injured people who will have long-term consequences. And we can't take care of them properly right now. So we need prosthesis, physiotherapy, and so on. Also like psychological help. And right now, we cannot do that at all. There is support by international NGOs. The problem here is that many of those, because of the security situation, and because it has been so insecure, let's say it's completely impossible or almost completely impossible to risk, to prepare everything on the ground. And that makes it that support is arriving more slowly and not in enough quantity. Regarding the international community, there's nothing, I'd say. There are tiny, tiny projects, but that's all unofficial and very careful, I would say. So they don't get in political quandaries, I guess. So this was a little bit of an overview of how the situation is here. In addition, we have a lot of insecurities in the public and also with NGOs, of course, because so many actors here are suddenly active in this region. And this means that we have Turkey, we have the allies, we have the US who mainly take care of their oil fields and Russia and Syria who are moving around here and, same as Turkey, are completely impossible to predict. So you never know what is happening, what's going to happen, and what you can rely on. There have been multiple incidents and accidents with Russian tanks and civilians. At least five civilians have been killed, have died, in their situations, if not more. And all in all, the populace, or in the populace, there's a huge insecurity and stress and fear. That was my overview. Yeah, we're going to have a few images before we go on. Thank you, Faye, for this input. So let's switch. Faye hopefully will stay in the loop. And then we can loop back to a few questions. We have a few images here. We just want to flip through them. We thought to use those when the connection to Faye wouldn't have been possible. So these are the images we wanted to show in this case. This is how it looks on the ground there. We heard from Faye that how complex the situation is and what you have to keep in mind and how many actors and it is very hard to find out what is really happening on the ground. So if we have been talking about the post-fact era, we don't only talk about fake news. Those are possible. Those are happening as well. But we're not talking about things that are completely untrue. But if we talk about how hard it is to evaluate sources, we also are talking about sources where they didn't intend to mislead. So we have a few difficulties here. So it used to be like in the media, just in TV reports. But these days it has moved to other sources in social media. And on the one hand, this is awesome because we get the information very fast. And partially we get information that we wouldn't have gotten otherwise. And this gives us way more options to verify things when they happen. But on the other hand, it is hard because it gets way harder to properly analyze everything because misinformation also moves very quickly. And another effect is that the classic media are reducing their network of correspondence because they can't afford to have people informed correspondence everywhere on the ground. And so they could have done the thing to just Skype in an informed person like Faye. But many media don't do this. Instead they send a moderator from Germany. They send them there for a few days. And for us, this also part of this post-fact landscape where media that are not present in the region just fly there for a few days and then talk about the difficult hygiene situation in this camp, Al-Hol. Al-Hol is a camp which is very hard. There's many thousand people that belong to the IS. So it's a very tense situation. And actually, it is probably a hard hygienic situation. But the reporter doesn't have access to these situations and this information. So he just takes whatever is hopping in front of his camera and talks about the difficult hygienic situations because of this little water spot here that's just like we would see in a European camping site. So the situation which we have reports, but it's very hard to see, are they exaggerating a situation or is it actually that bad? And the whole thing is presented by his colleagues even as quality TV. And it enters the public consciousness under this label. So this is a classic problem that we have now. Talking about post-fact society, if we have a map that shows the international relations of states in relation to the Turkish invasion of Rojava. So green are the countries who support this attack. So then there have been a few countries who were neutral. But many countries who said that this would be against international laws and talked about sanctions, but still pro-war hashtags were happening. We're seeing way more than anti-war hashtags. And especially in Turkey, pro-war hashtags were absolutely way longer in the hot topics. So we're not talking about click farms and how this might happen today, but this information presents itself. And you can look at these hashtags and they don't have a lot to do with reality. But another thing that's post-fact is that when the command of the militia that is controlled by Turkey is when these people is asking the militia to not use the social media anymore to record things from the front and to show that, so to prevent the security incidents from being spread. And they're saying, OK, this is dangerous for the soldiers, but instead is that these images are showing so many violations of international laws and war crimes. Like this, for example, here is it about the murder of a Kurdish human rights activist, Hadri Khalaf. And it was very clear that, or it was relatively clear that this was an attack. She was being dragged from the car and then shot. And this went through the media, not through the media because the person was relatively unknown. But if you think about it, if you're interested in this, then every day you would see images like this where the militia attacked or went into this region and just posted their crimes to Twitter. And of course, they didn't follow this order and continued uploading images and videos from their battles. So it's interesting to talk about post-fact. So in the internet, you find so many images of the awesome German tanks that are being used in the Syrian front. But at the same time, the German government is saying, we don't have sources for this. We don't know what's happening there. And if you look at this neutrally, then we're thinking, what do we have? Then we think about what sources are being seen. So if the government is saying, we don't have our own sources, then they should have said, we don't want to have sources. Because if you think about what the German government has in resources to verify such a video and what are the technical probabilities, then it's a bit sad that there's no individual thing. So we know since Chemnitz that the German secret services are very bad at verifying videos. But of course, there's very, very many sources you can use to inform yourself. There's normal news channels. And they have the advantage that they are at least a little bit have an editorial. So they filter a little bit what is real, what is not real. But on the other hand, they're certainly a bit slower. Then there's agencies on the ground that talk about this. They look at these things and then have news, especially about these regions. So these are good channels. But there's also the classic social media, like Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and so on. And in this case, it's also super-interest. Telegram has been playing an important part. I don't want to talk about how good or bad Telegram is. But many of the militia have been using Telegram and Telegram channels to communicate with their followers. And so here it is, you try to find a way into that. But these militias, they sometimes have on their other channels, they link to their Telegram channels. So this was very exciting. You have to look like, what are the sources right now that work and are the fastest? So you not only find the classical sources. Another hurdle that we had was that this is a conflict where so many different languages are being spoken. So if I'm looking at the social media, then it might be that there's people who talk in Turkish. And these talk of a different information than the information that is available in English or Arabic. So it's very important to have, in the back of your head, there's many different languages that are relevant. And in this conflict, other is the language of the conflict parties. So Turkish, Arabic, Kurdish, then a lot of English and also in German, because there's a huge diaspora to Germany from this region. Right. So it's not just languages, but also this concept of echo chambers that separates people in filter bubbles. And we're not quite sure how close off are these filter bubbles. But with these echo chambers, I think it's quite clear that if I'm only interested in a certain information, then I'm not going to look into other aspects. And there's been lots of talks on this topic. And another example is this hashtag, it is a pro war hashtag. And here's something, I don't know if you've seen this, so this echo chamber concept, a soccer player of St. Pauli, a leftist soccer club of Germany, he shared and said, we're standing on the same side as our heroes and our army. And so even our prayers are with you. And so a person living and working in a completely separate environment that's pro-Kurdish and anti-war, but still he didn't get the relevant information or, oh, and by the way, at St. Pauli, they fired them. They kicked them off the team. So that's great. So this example really raised the question, so did he not know? Can he do this because his whole environment, his surroundings are pro-war? And so the question is, what information do people even read? What reaches people? And so here we looked at our ambulances. So after the attacks, we've supported ambulances. And so we shared that on Twitter. And you see that here. And most of the time we try not to work with images because we care about image rights. And we don't want to like shock people. But the same message, using a shocking imagery gets a lot more views. And so also us as a source, we have to think about how we spread information and how we work with that. All right. So once more, we'd like to talk to Faye again because one of our ambulances has been attacked as well. We weren't the first medical institution that was attacked in this war. Of course, medical institutions in wartime are protected by international law, by the Geneva Convention and such. But this really has been this process of normalization. So without any response from the media, these attacks have passed. And we've done a press release, talked about international relief organization being attacked. But really, we didn't get a lot of response to that. So Faye, how's the situation there for you? You've lived through this. And so what have the reactions been? What have you seen? Yes, so what happened was we had an attack on a trauma stabilization point near Bas Al Ain. So outside the security zone, and ambulances were damaged, but no workers, luckily. Then we had medical teams from the self-administration were kidnapped and executed. And what Seb just mentioned, the jointly run ambulances were attacked under fire. And we had the situation in Bas Al Ain that we still had teams in the city working in the hospital that kept on working there and treating people who were injured badly. And we didn't have any chance to evacuate those people. So medical personnel and patients were locked in the city for three days. And so we talked to most nations that are involved and asked about help to establish a humanitarian security convoy. But nothing happened. And in the end, we just rode into the city with 30 ambulances and got our teams and those heavily injured patients out of the hospital. And this worked. But of course, this was really dangerous because it was clear that us as a humanitarian relief organization aren't recognized as such and could have been attacked during this evacuation. So we tried to really get the word out on all possible channels, all available channels on social media, but also through interviews. But again, the reaction was nil. So at least none did I know of. And so the situation was devastating in the city, but no one intervened. And I think as long as the Geneva Convention isn't respected from military actors, from states even. Yeah, I think ambulances and humanitarian aid organizations just aren't going to be safe. The Geneva Convention states that it's forbidden to shoot at ambulances or humanitarian aid institutions, but in our case, this rule wasn't followed. And as long as whoever doesn't follow this rule to provide humanitarian aid safely just isn't possible. So in the background, we've seen some pictures of these attacks on medical institutions. Yeah, we need to keep a look on the time. And so we're going to talk about how to interpret sources on the ground, how we do that. So we have international teams on the ground. And what problems we have with every person being a possible source on social media. And so one thing I think of is frontline developments. So as we've seen, we've conquered the city. This message was spread very quickly. But then Kurdish forces said, no, no, no, the city hasn't been taken over. And so for us, this raises the question, how can we trust this source? Where are the front lines? Where are the fights being fought if we have ambulances going into the city? And back then in Mosul, it was the same. IS said, we've conquered some city blocks. And this could be fake news. And in a calm environment in Germany, I could really evaluate this. But if I'm on the ground, then it's really hard. And so even if it's fake or not, could decide over life and death. And so in northern Syria, there's so many actors right now. Fun fact, two days ago, Russian and US forces had a fight over there. And it's really a melting pot. It's so important for a lot of people to know where can I go safely? Where is it safe? And so these checkpoints usually have been pretty easy to spot. But now these militias go through these checkpoints and fly their flag. And so afterwards, we don't even know if they're still there.  So for example, here we have a few flags of the Syrian army. But then they drove away again. And so it looks like they're there, but they're not anymore. And then we have this Highway M4 sort of this lifeline of the region. And it's the same deal here. So Turkish-backed militias saying, we've taken over this highway. And then they have this photo to verify this claim.  And so me on the ground or as somebody driving an ambulance, now I would have to say, even though this is usually a pretty secure highway, I can't go there right now because I just can't be sure. And so I need to take a detour where there might be traps, where there might be bombs, where there might be attacks. And so this sort of freedom of information, which we're also happy about, can really become a huge problem. And so Faye had a good example for that. Faye, you're still here? Yes. So an example from Kamishnu. Please talk about how that was for you. So I, myself, don't use social media at all. But it was quite disturbing. I was in Kamishluk when the attack started and the attack started in the northwestern part. I knew that, but then I received messages from friends that saw on social media that drones were attacking or airstrikes were occurring near our location. And then I looked outside the window and listened and there was nothing happening. And so I talked to my colleagues on the ground and I've asked them, have there been any attacks here whatsoever? And they said no. And so all this information came in in the morning. And then in the evening, the attacks have occurred. But at the time when I got the information, there haven't been any attacks yet. And so this raises the question of how we deal with online sources. How can we create a report? How can we verify or falsify this information? So we still have people on the ground and we have this privilege where we can make a decision of whether or not we go. A lot of people do not, especially locals, obviously do not have that choice. Our question is usually, can we go? And if so, how? And we obviously do not rely on ourselves, but also other networks. There's Inso is this international security organization. They are located with a lot of employees. And what they do is we're going to explain what we do in our short term as well. They do source analysis. They are reachable. They will evaluate sources. This is a source that's not available to locals, but this is only available to humanitarian international aid organizations. There's obviously a free market. You can obviously understand the sum that you have to pay to get that sort of information. We obviously could not just rely on a network doing that for us, so we have our own little version of this. So this is us in Berlin. 24-7, we are monitoring the situation on the ground. So we got a lot of matter donated. Thanks so much to the audience. So online, what we're doing is monitoring all the different reports, monitoring the Twitter accounts that are reporting. We're using obviously other home pages that are out there. And additionally to that, we try to, through the professional information gather, we try to get our own version of this and supply that to the people on the ground. All right, so basically the way that we do this is on the one hand, we have open source intelligence, so the stuff that we get from the internet. The other thing is that you have obviously like professional knowledge of this area, and then we have context on the ground. And in order to actually evaluate a situation, you need all three of these. So we have this tank video, for example. Our expertise tells us that this is a leopard tank. We can identify that quite quickly. We are not like weapon nerdies, but we can like identify things, obviously based on our previous work. And it's good in it. And we obviously understand the logo up on the left corner quite easily, and based upon that, you can usually reconstruct the location. There's multiple different ways of doing this. You can triangulate this, but you can also try to ask locals if they can identify buildings that are showing up in the videos in order to identify where stuff happens. If you do reverse image search and put it into Google, it also is usually quite helpful. I do that a lot. A lot of time find fakes based on that, because you can take pictures from somewhere else we're taking in order to dramatize something else. And you're actually seeing something from the Lebanon War 30 years ago. So with this method, I can quite quickly verify a large amount. So based on this tank, I knew that they were being used on the ground. But then obviously, you also have to know your own limitations of things that you cannot say.  I'll get to that later on, that you really have to think about what do we know and what do we really not know. And ideally, we try to do this based on these three pillars. We see our expertise and context on the ground. You either have those because you write a lot of books and you drank a lot of sugar teas on the ground, or you don't have them. So what you can always do is you can always get a good understanding of what the internet has to offer. But you can really get somebody who is a humanitarian helper to become this super expert on the Middle East. So there's all these different languages that we've talked about that are a bit of a problem. We have the problem that we do not speak all of them. By now, however, online translations are quite good and a quite good help to get closer. It's obviously additionally good to have people in the background that actually speak the language. We have our analysis that also speaks Arabic. That's like the first way of getting to the content. But the first translation draft online is actually quite good for research. So on your Twitter account, you can basically set all these different languages that are going to be taken into consideration when you're searching on Twitter. And if you want to gather lots of different information and diverse information, it's quite helpful to set this. Like having your own research account and only getting the information that you really want is quite helpful in this regard. And that you only follow the sources that are on the ground. There's different sources. Obviously, there's institutions. There's organizations at think tanks. There's participants of private people who are former employees of humanitarian organizations or academics and stuff like that who actually have quite good information. You really have to, however, look at what is their interest in reporting and spreading information. Journalists are obviously always a good source. News agencies, but also NGOs. But also with NGOs, you also have to look at what is their own personal interest in this. And then there's obviously a lot of different local sources that you can use. There's, again, private parts and parties, militia, initiatives, and functionaries. So the problem with all of this is that there's a lot of fast sources, and they're obviously good sources, and especially for information that we usually wouldn't get, like the militia video that we looked at before. But on the other hand, we have the problem that with those sources, it's sometimes hard to really see the pinpoint where do they stand. So we have all this information, and how do we handle this? So the first thing that we do is we map that. So obviously, every action of war is bad. But for us, in particular, it's always extremely bad when it happens close to where we are located. So I have my information, but then I don't know if the information is true. So there's this letter that Trump sent to Erdogan, and I was convinced that this was a hoax. Unfortunately, it turned out to be true.   I'll call you later. I was quite convinced that all of this was a clear rubbish and was some sort of internet joke. But then I had to, and so then I googled. I searched for the image. I did all sort of quite reputable sources that were sharing this. So it was clear that this was the truth. So always go based on two sources, minimum. Watch out for them coming from different spectrums, so that it's not two sources from the same group of people, but that is, on the one hand, a militia tweeting, and then also a journalist who's tweeting it. So that increases probability of things to be factually true. So I always also have to ask myself where does the source get the information from? Is all of that one little source? And they copied off of one another? Is this a source that's known? Does everyone know, believe the source? And then obviously also check with the other side of things. As a line, we talked about that there was news that the city was taken over. But we had our team that was 30 kilometers south of that. And there's like free field that's quite quickly crossed with a tank. So we were obviously quite worried about our team. But when we checked with the counter side of this, the Kurds were tweeting images and videos from the area that was supposedly taken over. So the interest of a source is also something that you need to look at when you look at a source. So there's obviously like they like to quickly produce words of success and like that. They had a successful mission. So it's interesting like this leper tank. What do we know and what do we not know? The interesting thing about this one we know is that not only do we know that the tanks are being used, they're being used by Islamic extremists. But also because Turkey has a contract with Germany and what is that contract with Germany actually say is it allowed for Turkey to pass on those tanks to someone else? So there was quite a few sources to we're watching this specific thing. So there's Kurdish armies reporting that the tanks were being used by the militia. And the built newspaper in Germany clearly smelled their scandal. And they found a public speaker that said that, of course, we are being supplied with these tanks. So we looked at these sources and we kind of have the tendency to then take this as serious because this really fits our concept. You can criticize government. But the annoying thing about this situation was that both sides in this instance have an interest in this news to be released. So the one side to be quite cool, hey, we have all these tanks at the Kurds in order to basically draw attention to wrong ongoing and doing. And so they wanted to frame themselves. Like the ones that were invading wanted to frame themselves as proper army with tanks. However, from the same organization, somebody else said something like, that is actually not true. These images were taken completely out of context and were part of the Turkish army and not part of the militia riding the offensive into the northeastern region. So it's really important to always go on these three pillars. And you can kind of that way, you can get closer to the truth. Another thing we really don't want to forget is this image. It is very important for our organization. We don't have the time to talk a lot about source analysis and how to do it right now. But one thing that is happening is everyone is over-emotionalized, not only of our people who are there, but also after five years, the whole region is emotionally charged so much. So it's all very unsharp, unclear. And so if we are analyzing sources, we have to keep that in mind. Also, you have to ask yourself, is someone biased? And that's the one thing. And the other thing is that if you are in the middle of a battle, figuratively, if you are really battle, then a lot of information is coming in. So it's very important to do simple analysis. And if you're in a stressful situation, you sometimes forget this, to classify information. The information is coming in. I have to think about what information is safe for information where another source and what is here safe from an unknown source. So this should be obvious. But you quickly forget this if you don't keep it in mind. And you have to remind yourself to really do this. And the last item is good for the nerds in the community here is OBSAC, operational security. Here we is. This is something we don't have. We can only talk about this briefly. We can't go too deep. So a few years in Syria, there was the selfie of death. And IS units took a selfie, put it into the internet, forgot to remove the geodata, and then a few hours later the rocket arrived. So these are also questions you have to deal with. In this short time, what we can do is just talk about these topics very briefly. We don't want to spoil big truths here. It's just about the question. We just want to put the question into the room here. So the next few days, we will be present here at Congress and are very happy to hear your input. But we are in the open infrastructure orbit. So visit our stand. And we would be very happy for your input and to listen to you and your thoughts. And that's it from us. Thank you. Thanks for listening to Catastrophe and Communications on the example of Rojava. By Ruben Neugebauer and Sebastian Jinnemann, we have been Mayor Levenius and Daniel, and we had lots of fun translating this. Thank you so much for listening. Thank you very much, Seb. I'm sorry, I'm sorry. Sebastian and Ruben, I'm sorry. If you have any questions, please put them in the microphone. My signal is Angel. All right, so if you want to give us feedback, you can do so under the hashtag C3T. So first question from the audience. Are there any sort of news on why they attacked ambulances? No, there was no official statement. A lot of times it's quite logical who it was, because you can only these kind of attacks can only be done by drones. So this is quite easy to reconstruct, and you can kind of pinpoint who it was, but they will never admit to what they did. So question number two, how do civilians on the ground that are helping being brought there and how much help and what kind of help is needed? Well, the main ones that we need are quite specific, so medical personnel clearly. There is an existing medical healthcare system. To go to a war zone clearly always sounds like an adventure, but it does take quite a lot of time to prepare for this, and this decision to go there is a tough one. And you always have to ask yourself, are you adding or are you actually just causing more trouble than adding value? So if you only have skills that are basically already there on the ground, also you might have to reconsider whether or not you're right. You can obviously also donate money. That is super important, especially because the situation on the ground is quite complex. And international organizations and UN money and money from the foreign ministry can be distributed there with quite large difficulties because you do not want to provoke the crazy person in the Bosporus. It's quite difficult for us to get money, like official government money. So for carers, this is quite hard, and we're based on donations, and that's obviously also quite important. Again, we will send medical personal doctors, and they have the experience to help with, together with the locals on the ground, to add value. OK, so then please give a warm hand of applause to Ruben Fee and Zeb.