All right, well good evening everyone. We are super excited for tonight. We have a different format tonight. If you're wondering like, am I at the right church? What happened to that guy over there? There's two. You know, as I was sharing with you guys, you know, we were gonna do something much different for our Sunday night service that we have here. And so I am super excited to have a guest, a friend of mine, we've done this before on pastor's perspective a couple of times. And I was thinking about, you know, we're at Easter or Palm Sunday and there's so many things happening that I'm like, you know, let's do something different that will kind of encourage us as believers and even non-Christians if you're here and you're not a Christian. We're just gonna talk about the historical Jesus and we're gonna look at the basically events from Palm Sunday throughout the week into Friday and the weekend which is considered the Resurrection Sunday. And so, you know, Dr. Joe Holden is here. He's gonna be part of this whole conversation. I'm gonna be asking him questions and I'll be carrying a conversation with him throughout this time. So thank you for being here today. It's good to be with you, Robert. So what we're gonna do is I wanna start off with a video. So if you guys can play the video, we'll start this as an introduction. Historical figure? I don't know. I think he was just a person. I don't know. A normal person like us? He was a selfless person. I have no clue. He was a man. I think he was marketing genius because he got people to believe him. I don't think he's the son of God. I don't feel believe that at all. If David Copperfield was in the day of Jesus, he would be Jesus. I'm pretty sure he existed. Like I'm not gonna say that he didn't exist. He was God's son, but so was Gandhi and so was Muhammad and so was, you know, we're all God's children. Jesus is someone I pray to. Well, Jesus is my Lord and Savior. And he to me is the like symbol of just ultimate forgiveness and ultimate love. He's sort of that like constant figure in my life. Jesus is also Arisa in Arabic and he was a messenger as well. He was just extremely enlightened like religiously and morally. Was somebody that just tried to impart wisdom on others and make the world a better place. I think he saw something that a lot of people didn't see and still don't see in others. And I think that's just a lot of love and hope. Jesus sort of seemed like an ominous figure. You know, he just, he was God and it was hard to relate to him, but I think as I've grown in my faith a lot, I've really started to see Jesus as my closest friend. You know, Joe, we're Palm Sunday. And you know, when we think about Palm Sunday, we think about Palm Sunday and we think about Easter and everything in between gets kind of fuzzy. We forget that there was a lot of things that really happened during the life of Christ and that final week of Jesus when he was on this earth before he went to the cross. You know, right now schools are celebrating spring break. You know, it used to be called Easter break, right? And spring break and so a lot of schools are out. People look at this time for vacation. I remember when I was in a Christian, one of the things I enjoyed about spring break was just going party, you know? You don't think about what went on in the life of Christ, of course, not being a Christian. But one of the things that I see during this time and perhaps you can talk a little bit more about this is that liberal scholars will tend to come up with shows, documentaries on the history channel, different places on television where they begin to try to debunk the historical Jesus. They purposely wait for this time and I kind of did a quick little search on what's out there right now or what's been out there. Some of the titles that some of these secular historians have done, one title is called Secret Lives of Jesus. Another one is Who Is Jesus Christ? Another one is called The Jesus Strand, A Search for DNA, that's another popular one. They're trying to find Jesus a DNA. One is called Lost Worlds, Jesus, Jerusalem, Jesus is Jerusalem.  That's the commentary or the documentary. And he's explaining what he believes what he believes. And he's one obviously we know that has always tried to reduce the Christian faith.  Well, it seems like when you look at the academia, you look at universities, you look at some seminaries, even some seminaries that are Christian seminaries, they're talking about things that are all about the historical Jesus. And as Robert said, the historical Jesus is the real Jesus that lived in time and space history 2000 years ago. It's not the one we read about in the scriptures. You see, for you and me, we don't have to go look for the historical Jesus because the historical Jesus is already in the text. So there's an assumption that lies at the heart of the search for the historical Jesus among these scholars today. And that is that this isn't enough. This is only footprints in the sand. And footprints in the sand can only tell you something very limited about what we're searching for. Maybe the height, the weight, the size of the foot of the person walking on the sand on the seashore. And that's how they approach Jesus. And that's unfortunate because these are the most well-attested documents that we have that tell us about Jesus. In fact, Jesus is mentioned in over a dozen extra biblical documents as being a real historical person. And it tells us a lot about him. Now, what do you do with the person who claims to be an atheist? And they say, well, I don't believe in the Bible. And therefore I don't believe that Jesus was a real person, probably the result of a combination of stories about several individuals. How do you reach an atheist during this time when they're denying the fact that Jesus actually ever lived on earth? Sure, that's a great question. How many of you have talked to an atheist within the last year or two? Okay, even though atheism is only about 2% of our population here in America, in large part, the further east you go, especially into Russia, you're gonna get more atheistic worldviews. But the best thing to do with atheists is discover what kind of atheists they are. There's either soft, agnostic atheists, which means that, simply this, that I just don't know, and therefore I haven't made a decision on the issue. And then there's the hard, agnostic atheist that says, you can't know, and we definitely know there is no God. Now, everybody heard of Richard Dawkins, maybe Christopher Hitchens, Michael Martin, and some of these other atheists. Those are what you call hard, agnostic atheists. And they would take a different response than the soft atheists. The soft atheist, it's great to deal with that kind of person because they're open. It's the hard atheist that poses a threat to Christianity, and we can take their arguments one by one based on whatever they bring up. But keep the discussion on Jesus and the intellectual and evidential support that undergirds the whole Jesus story, especially the Passion Week and the Resurrection. Now, what if, let's say, you established the existence of Christ, and I think most secular historians, and correct me if I'm wrong, they know that a man by the name of Jesus lived on this earth. I mean, there's no denial, if they're really honest, they know that, yes, Jesus lived on this earth. The question is whether he is God and whether he rose from the dead and all of that, right? But there is also another group of people that will deny the crucifixion. I've read something recently that said there's no evidence that the Romans crucified prisoners 2,000 years ago. How would you refute that? First of all, I would say, let's go look at the Roman documents and see what they say. These are extra biblical Roman historical documents that were written shortly after the crucifixion of Christ. Let me give you an example. There is an author named Seutonius. He's a Roman historian. He works for the Roman government. And he tells us that Jesus was crucified under the reign of Pontius Pilate, the prefect of Judea. That document says it and spells it out. In fact, it even says this whole Christian superstition arose again in Rome in the later years after he was put to death. We also can go into Jewish literature, even the Talmud. Has everybody heard of the Talmud? It's a Jewish piece of literature that talks about their traditions and their different belief systems. And even in that document, it says that Jesus was hanged on a tree on the eve of Passover. So that tells you that Friday, Jesus was crucified, hung on the tree doesn't mean with a rope, it just means nailed to a tree across, if you will. So now that we've established the historical Jesus, we know he died on the cross, I wanna look at this final week of Jesus. I wanna see what went on. And so I wanna take a look at this because I think looking at it from a chronological order, I think helps us out Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday. Matthew chapter 21 verses one through 11 kind of gives us the triumphal entry. And I wanna start with that. Today's Palm Sunday, we celebrate Palm Sunday. There's a date that comes to mind, March 29th, AD 33. How accurate is that date? Most historians will say this is the date that all this happened. Is that accurate? Yes, if it's not, it's really close to it. I mean, we have different dates out there. Some say 29 AD, some say 30, some say up to 34. But the point is that if we see this as a historical, what we call synchronism, that means that there was a historical event that occurred here and it follows the biblical progression, the dating in this area makes it plausible of your belief. It makes it reasonable to assume that that date is it or right around the immediate vicinity of it. So the dating is pretty firm. There's not too much flexibility there. Now, as we go on into the story, here's Jesus. He tells two disciples, go and get occult and tell them, if they ask you, what are you doing? The Lord is in need of it, which is kind of ironic that Jesus is in need, right? It's where the ones are always in need. And so we come to this place and they go to get the occult and all. And so we have what we call traditionally Palm Sunday or Passion Week as we're in. Why do we call it Palm Sunday? Why can't we call it anything else? Well, we can call it other things, but traditionally it's been called Palm Sunday because the people who received Jesus into Jerusalem, riding on that young donkey, were laying palm branches down on the ground so the king of kings could ride on top of the palm branches. So the first order of business was do you have a jacket?  A king deserves to walk on royalty. So the people were actually throwing down their jackets and when people didn't have them, they would go get the palms from the trees and lay them down instead. Hence the term Palm Sunday. Jesus rides into Jerusalem. And this was fulfilled just according to Zechariah 9.9 that said it would. It's another fulfillment of prophecy. So why palm branches? Palms are awesome. I love palm branches because in the ancient Near East, those branches were symbolic of life, of nourishment. You get dates from palms, remember. They're also typical of what you'd call a broom. And a broom is to sweep out dirt or things you don't want. And when you find out when Jesus goes and cleanses the temple a couple days later in Matthew 21, you're gonna see that he's gonna sweep out the leaven from the temple, which is another picture of how we practice the Seder today. The Jewish families, they get rid of all the leaven in the house, they sweep it out. Well, that's what Jesus is doing in the temple along with them. Does that make sense? So you have this huge procession, this parade, if you will. It was almost like they were giving Jesus a red carpet kind of experience. Here's Jesus coming through.  And so as he's walking through here, I'm sure a lot of things were going on in the minds of the Romans because the Romans understood what it meant to see a king come through with the way they did parades, which was a lot more, I guess, the experience was a lot more vibrant, I guess. It was better than what they saw. And so when the people laid the branches on the ground, what were they expecting? I mean, were they really embracing Jesus at that moment as the son of God from heaven, the Messiah? Or were they thinking of something else? You know, to me, I don't wanna add or take away from the text. It seemed like they were giving the red carpet treatment to Jesus and they were receiving him as the long-awaited Messiah. Now, those things change in just a matter of hours and days when he said, boy, I would have gathered you as a hen gathered her chicks, but you would not, it says. So the obstinance and the fickleness of the human nature would certainly play itself out. But at this point, it seems like the people was receiving him as such, as the Messiah, the long-awaited Zechariah 99. Were they thinking of more of a political leader, perhaps? More than a spiritual king, somebody coming in, bringing in the kingdom of God? Because I know they were under the impression of the Romans, right? Absolutely, no doubt. When people look for a Messiah, traditionally it would have been, this Messiah should be riding on a stallion, decked out in armor, drawing the sword because this Messiah is gonna take us away from the domination of Rome. Remember, Rome had their boot on the Jewish neck at that point in time, and they were looking for Jesus to overthrow, and he would take over the kingship. Get rid of the emperor, get rid of Herod, get rid of Pontius Pilate, and you got it made. Jesus is gonna be our next king politically. Unfortunately, they misunderstood the whole story leading up to this point. Even the disciples had a little problem remembering certain things, didn't they? Now, the other question is why a colt? Why not a horse? Wow, hey, horses? That symbolizes warfare. That symbolizes strength. But when you ride a colt, and now remember, a colt is a young donkey, okay? And most likely that young donkey that Jesus was sitting on was accompanied by the female donkey, the mother donkey, or else the little donkey probably wouldn't go. It'd be very stubborn. But sitting on a young donkey, it tells us that Christ the Messiah was humble. The humility he's coming in, and the lowliness he's coming in, and the softness he's coming in is trying to send a message, I'm not here to be your warrior, political warrior, Messiah.  And ultimately, those warrior things will take care of themselves in time because he will come back in the second coming as a warrior, won't he? Riding a white horse in the name written on his thigh, what is it? King of kings, Lord of lords. That's right. And he's gonna take care of business. So the first coming was the cross, humility. The second coming, he's coming with the crown in fierce judgment. And all this was a prophecy, like Zechariah 9.9, which I'll read this for those of you who are watching. Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion, shout aloud, O daughter of Jerusalem, behold, your King is coming to you righteous and having salvation.  So that's a prophecy that was obviously fulfilled.   Obviously they were looking for political Messiah, helping them to get out of the oppression of the Romans. And they began to shout Hosanna. What does Hosanna mean? What does that word mean? God saves, save us now. God saves, savior. It all has to do with that spiritual context of saving me, save me, Lord. You are the one that's from on high coming to save us as the lowly Messiah. Please save me now. It has everything to do with justification, forgiveness of sins, and ultimately salvation before God. Now Psalm 118.26 says, blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord. Is that any significance to Palm Sunday or to that triumphal entry? Yeah, absolutely. The scriptures, as you know, you're well aware of this. There's no wasted words. And God doesn't waste a sentence. He doesn't waste a word. And they're all perfectly interconnected. And when you talk about the Psalm passage, this is the fulfillment of what was told about much earlier. In fact, we don't even wanna stop at Psalms. It goes back further to Genesis 315. That's called the Proto-Vangelium, the first mention of the gospel. It says the seed of the woman and the seed of the serpent are gonna have a little battle, aren't they? Now the seed of the woman will crush the head of the seed of the serpent. But the seed of the serpent, Satan will bruise the heel of the seed of the woman, the Messiah, Jesus. And this is the week we're talking about, that battle. Jesus would crush the head of the serpent and ultimately he would have to give his life, his heel, in other words, it wouldn't be any forever moment if he would rise three days later. So it is the fulfillment of the very first mention of the gospel. And that's what's so exciting about this, Robert, is that everything is coming to pass just the way the Lord said it would in the scriptures. We could take Psalm, we could take Genesis, we can do Daniel 9, 24 through 27 to 70 weeks. It's all coming to a conclusion right here. So is that why we call it the triumphal entry? Yes, yes, absolutely.  Well, this is exactly what's going on here, is he's triumphant and God's word has come to pass. We are celebrating because God is faithful. He has provided a savior. So that was a Sunday, that was something that went on, all this stuff went on. And now moving into Monday, and I know chronologically we can be off on some of the events there in Matthew 21. Some scholars believe verses 12 through 46, it's Monday and a lot of things happen there. Jesus cleanses the temple, he leaves Bethany, he curses the fig tree on the way. So a lot of things were going on on that next day. After Sunday, what else was going on as Jesus was heading towards that cross? Well, first of all, most likely he was staying with Mary and Martha and Lazarus. That's most likely was his home while he was there for this week in Bethany. That was on the east side of the Mount of Olives. Has anybody been to Israel the Mount of Olives? Maybe you've gotten over to Bethany. It's on the east side, it's on the other side that does not view the Temple Mount. Well, since it was the Passover week, the population would swell to perhaps over a million people in this small city.  This old city would swell and you'd have to do this, get through people and really try to work your way through these crowds. And there was a lot of preparation. There was a lot of anticipation of what's gonna happen with the Passover and the Sabbath, the High Holy Day that was coming near. So a lot of preparation was going into here and Jesus was teaching. He went into the Temple. He was teaching, he was preparing, he's teaching his disciples these little lessons about the fig tree and the cursing of the fig tree and about faith and so forth. And it's just an amazing time this Monday is because we take one further step closer to get to that Sunday morning. And one of the things Jesus did during this time was that he actually, he wept, like you said earlier, he wept over Jerusalem. Luke 19, 41, 42 says, as he approached Jerusalem and saw the city, he wept over it and said, if you even you had only known on this day what would bring you peace? But now it is hidden from your eyes. That hidden from your eyes, what does that mean? Did God purposely hide this from them or is this something that happened in their own heart? Yeah, remember God wants your eyes open all the time. So we know it wasn't God trying to close eyes to see his provision, his Messiah, his Son for these people, but it was a blindness in accordance with the people's will. In other words, sometimes we just don't wanna see something. Maybe we're looking for something we want, right? We've all been there I think. We want a powerful warrior savior that's gonna get rid of Rome. We don't have to pay taxes to Rome anymore. We want liberation militarily. And so people weren't seeing Jesus for really who he was, what he was, and what he came to accomplish. So unfortunately the blindness was in accordance with their own will, just like Pharaoh. Remember it said, and God confirmed Pharaoh's heart and he hardened Pharaoh's heart that way. Well, the hardening of Pharaoh's heart was in accordance with Pharaoh's decisions and his will. It wasn't against his will. So do you think that the crowd that was here, saying Hosanna, most likely was almost pretty much the same crowd that said crucify him. That here they're going from Hosanna, save us now to kill him. To kill him, yeah. And that's the flightiness of crowds, right? You have them haraying you and then I don't like you kind of thing, right? That's right, fickle. The fickleness of people, generally speaking. Because a lot happened between that Sunday triumphal entry and then the Friday crucifixion. Jesus went in and cleansed the temple. He upset, ultimately, the whole city about doing what he did. He did something almost sacrilege to the people and began believing that false story that the Sanhedrin and the religious leaders were putting forth about Jesus. Namely that he's into the magical arts and he's a blasphemer. Unfortunately. Which leads us to Tuesday, which where Jesus and Matthew 23 and chapter 24 and 25, he confronts the hypocrisy of the Jewish leaders. Obviously they didn't like that Jesus was presenting an authority that was above them. And so they set out to just destroy him. I think that was one of the verses there, I think in the Gospel of Mark, it said that they actually made it their goal to try to kill him, right? But they couldn't because of the crowd. Why was that? Well, there was enough people who believed that Jesus was the Messiah, still left.  It just wouldn't go over well. Obviously they'd suffer a public relations nightmare and a meltdown if that ever happened. They wouldn't be able to justify it because there was just too many people who saw miracles up to this time and they weren't gonna allow it or at least let them off the hook for doing something like that. Okay, so let's move into Wednesday, Matthew 26, 14 through 16. We see Judas is bribed. I mean, some say it would happen on Tuesday, some say it was Wednesday, but Judas in that week, in this week, he was bribed by the religious leaders to betray Jesus. And so this was also a day that was the preparation of the supper, of the last supper. And do you know from your studies that middle week of this passion week, some say it was like a silent day. Judas was being prompt to betray Jesus, but nothing else really went on. It was more of a preparation. Is there any other things that we could be missing on that middle of that week? Not really. It was Judas making arrangements to get his money, his 30 pieces of silver for betraying Christ. He was trying to get the plan together to go get Jesus. And Wednesday was the last day that you really had to prepare for the Passover meal, which would be celebrated on Thursday after sunset. So Judas was a busy guy at this time. And Jesus knew what he was up to. Obviously he said, you were a devil from the beginning. So he had no illusions about what Judas was up to or what kind of person he was. But this is called the silent day, as Robert said. And it's interesting because we don't learn much in the gospels about Wednesday of this passion week. Even though you can see the drum beat just getting louder and louder and the anticipation really coming to fore here. In fact, John's gospel really emphasizes this last week very powerfully because he dedicates nine of his 21 chapters to the last week of Jesus' life. It's almost half the content of his gospel is dedicated to this one week. We think we know John's emphasis here in his gospel. I think we do. It's about Jesus and that sacrifice he'd make this final week. Okay, and so as we get into Thursday, Thursday it was a big day. Last supper, Judas betrays Jesus, Peter's denial. And so here now he's approaching that day of death, the crucifixion. And so Peter, John was sent to make preparations for the Passover meal and all this stuff was happening. And so here's Thursday, the betrayal, the denial. You can only imagine what was going on in the mind of Jesus as far as the stress and what was coming. Can you comment a little bit about this full day of Thursday and with a high priest that has Sanhedrin? I mean, so much was going on at this time. Well, it's getting darker and darker. The storm clouds are coming in rapidly and Jesus is feeling the pressure. The Bible says he sweat great drops of blood as he agonized and prayed to the Father while the disciples slept. Isn't that add to your agony? You know, your best buddies, you know, right there. They're sleeping while you're going through all this turmoil.  Lord, if this cup could just pass, take it, but nevertheless, let your will be done and Jesus was obedient to the end. But Peter here is denying him three times during this time. Thursday was an amazing time because Judas is gonna eat the Passover meal with Jesus and the disciples after sunset on Thursday evening because that really ticks it over into Friday, which is Passover now, as soon as that sunset occurs. And Judas goes out to betray him. They finish their meal and then they cross the Kidron Valley and go up into the Mount of Olives where the Garden of Gethsemane was. Now, if you've been to the Garden of Gethsemane, you still see all those great olive trees there today. Perhaps some of them were there when Jesus was there, but that was the place where he would be finally betrayed by a kiss of Judas. He'd be taken into custody and he would be then put forward and put through six different trials over the next several hours, which was just amazing and excruciating. But if you want a parallel, in the Old Testament, it says that David escaped across the Kidron Valley at the time that there was some insurrection and his kingdom was under threat by his sons and by the people who wanted to take over the throne. So it was almost like a mirror replay of what David went through was a picture of what Christ is gonna go through in the future. And this week actually brings that to a head here. So that brings us to Good Friday. Good Friday. And the question that I have is why Good Friday? We know it was a bad Friday, right? What was good about the Romans torturing Jesus? It was called Bad Friday for Jesus, but Good Friday for us. He gave it all that we might live. That's what's so great about Good Friday. It's Good Friday because it's good to have salvation. It's good to have your sins forgiven. It's good to have all this sin problem be put away once and for all for anybody who would receive Jesus. They can go to heaven. That's why it's so good. And that's the great message of the gospel, isn't it, Robert? Amen. I mean, the resurrection and the crucifixion, the payment for sins was incredible. First John 2, 2 says, he not only died for our sins, but the sins of the whole world. He was the propitiation or the satisfactory sacrifice that made Friday so wonderful and so good. Yeah. Amen.  I just, I've read this article from the scientist from the University of Oxford and it was published a few years ago and he said this, that the evidence strongly points the exact day it was Friday, April 3rd, AD 33. What are your thoughts on that? Because I know others will believe that Jesus was crucified on a Thursday. Yeah. That's a great question, Robert. We know Jesus was crucified on a Friday because John 19 says he was taken off the cross and he was on the cross on the preparation day. That word preparation is a Greek word. It's called periscue, periscue. Even the modern Greeks today use periscue as the sixth day of the week, which is Friday. The seventh day is Saturday and the first day of the week is Sunday. So even modern Greeks are telling us, but if you go over to the passage in Mark, actually, give it the exact passage in Mark, if you go to Mark, let's see here, chapter 15, don't crucify him, first 15, he's gonna ratify the crowd, excuse me. Look through chapter 15 on this, and let me see here, I wanna make sure I'm on the right one. But yeah, oh, 1542, there it is. Now, when the evening had come, because it was the preparation day, the same day John uses, says preparation day in John 19, that is the day before the Sabbath. What is the day before the Sabbath? Friday, so Friday he was crucified. Even modern Greeks use the same Greek word, periscue today. So Thursday was a preparation day, sunset, Friday was Passover, Sabbath was Saturday. Jesus definitely died on a Friday. Okay, okay. Another thing is, you know, some Christians will ask, well, where in the Bible does it state that we're to remember Christ's death by honoring him on a Friday or a Palm Sunday, whatever, what would you say to that? Well, when we remember Christ's death, we take communion, we take the Lord's Supper. It was the Passover meal on Friday where the Lord instituted the Lord's Supper. It was the Passover that was the backdrop to say, eat this bread, this is my body that was shed for you, and drink this cup for this is my blood that was shed for you as well. So the Lord's Supper has an intimate connection to the Passover meal. In fact, back in the book of Exodus, when they put, remember the blood over the doors and the angel of death would pass over those homes that had the blood when they were there in Egypt in captivity. Well, that worked itself into the law, ultimately to the feast of Passover, and the Passover has now changed hands and it's now placed into the Lord's Supper. So the Lord's Supper is a profound moment here where Jesus makes the connection between the Old Testament and the New Testament or the Old Covenant and the New Covenant and what is the crux of this new thing? It's Jesus the person, his body, his blood and Jesus the person. It's no longer ceremony. It's no longer ritual. It's no longer types or shadows. It is the person live and in color in the flesh right here on Friday. Okay, and so continue on with our Friday. I wanna look at the seven statements that Jesus made on the cross. There are really interesting statements and I wanna kinda go over these and I wanna hear your take on some of these because I know that there are a lot of questions and some of the statements that he actually made. But before we get into this section, I just wanted to just take a quick little break and just wanna let people know that you're the president of Veritas. Was it? International. International, I'm so used to Veritas. Seminary, but now it's changed. Tell us a little bit about that school and what we were talking in the back about some interesting things that are happening. Sure, absolutely, I'd love to. Veritas International University was originally founded under the name Veritas Evangelical Seminary. I've been the president of that school, the university now for over 10 years since its founding. Dr. Norman Geisler is the co-founder of the school. We focus on archeology and biblical history. We offer degrees, bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees in apologetics, defending the faith, biblical studies, theological studies, and we're located right in Costa Mesa on the same block in the Logos building right next to Calvary Chapel, Costa Mesa. All of our board members are Calvary Chapel pastors for the most part. I'm a graduate of Calvary Chapel Bible College. I went on to get my PhD at the University of Wales, Trinity St. David in Europe. And it's been a wonderful 10 years. God, it's really blessed. We have graduates from all over the world. We have distance learning programs. We have residential programs and get this. Since we just added an archeology and biblical history PhD and a master's degree in that subject, we are now partnering with Trinity Southwest University to dig up, archeologically excavate, the biblical city of Sodom. We are in our 13th season digging that city up and what we're finding will blow you away. We're finding melted pottery. Now, hot it has to get to melt pottery. Thousands of degrees Fahrenheit. And those kilns or ovens back then, they couldn't get that hot. Something fiery and very hot happened there just like the Bible says it does, it did. And we're in our 13th and we're really rewriting all the Bible maps and charts books because of what we're finding there. The chronology is changing or in the midst of a big revolution when it comes to getting the accurate dating that really follows what the scripture actually has said. You know, a lot of these liberal scholars, they write their books and then every time we finish a dig they have to either burn their book or edit it severely or just say I give up and just throw it away, you know what I mean? And that's, you know, I'm sorry about that but that's the way it goes when you meet truth face on. So, wonderful things are happening at Veritas International University. If you wanna learn more about us or maybe even take a course, in fact I'm teaching a course on the nature and character of the Bible. It's called Bibliology. April 18th, 19th and 20th, right there at the campus there in Costa Mesa. You're more than welcome to sit in for personal enrichment or audit or take it for actual graduate credit. Go to VES, that's Veritas Evangelical Seminary, V-E-S dot E-D-U. You can find out all about our programs, more about us. I think it's fascinating just to hear about the excavations of Sodom and, you know, to know that the Bible or faith or Christian faith is an objective faith. It's not a subjective, it's not how I feel, what I think it's objective and, you know, you have manuscripts, you have archeology and prophecy that just confirms that what we read here is the actual Word of God, you know? Boots on the ground, real life, historical Christian faith. In fact, all of you can participate in the Sodom Dig. We need volunteers every year. We go from January to the first week in March. You can stay for five days, 10 days, two weeks, or three months. You can stay the whole time. We train you in archeology and then you actually dig up biblical history there. I took my two sons, I went twice. I've taken my two sons both times and they've found jugs. They found carbonized grain in these huge storage drugs in the Palace of King Barra. You know who King Barra is, right? He's the king of Sodom, back in the book of Genesis. So all kinds of great stuff being found there. My kids love to dig, maybe they'll help. They would love it. They would love it. Bring them on over. They dig holes in my backyard like moles, you know? Incredible, that is just, it's fascinating. That's one of the things that I think, being a Christian, the confidence that we have, that we're not, you know, believing in this make-believe God, you know? If you're here tonight, you're not a Christian. I mean, the Christian faith is an objective faith. It's not a faith that is based on feelings or I mean, there's evidence in what we believe and that's the exciting thing because the Bible, you look at the book of Acts, bunch of cities, bunch of geographical areas. If the Bible was gonna be debunked, it would have been right there, right? Even in the Old Testament. That's right. Because archeology wouldn't be able to find these cities, these places and we know that obviously it's true. In fact, the book of Acts, it's funny you brought that up, Acts is a book that actually leads the scholars and what I mean by that is, Acts uses terms and phrases and locations and titles that nobody ever heard of before and they were claiming that Luke is a bad historian because we don't have any evidence of all these terms and titles. For example, Luke calls the rulers of Thessalonica polytarchs, that's the Greek word he calls them. He uses, oh, these guys are called polytarchs. We don't have any record of polytarchs being used of anybody in the whole world, especially in the ancient Near East and what they found were when they dug up the city, not too long ago, they found 19 polytarch inscriptions. Three come from the first century when Luke and Paul were traveling together. So it's just, and then what do the liberals have to do? They have to get their books, come back to the drawing table. Okay, or even the language spoken in Troas was Lyconian. Luke was the only one that knew that. Nobody knew that and they were busting Luke's chops about that and we found out the language spoken in their area was Lyconian, you know? So Luke, amazing, amazing historian, God chose the right person to write that book. Wow, incredible. All right, so let's get back to the Good Friday. Jesus made seven statements from the cross as he was there dying and so the first thing he said is Father forgive them for they do not know what they do. Why did Jesus say this and who are they in this passage? Father forgive them, who are they? Who are those guys? Well, they would be the world in a broader perspective but it would be the Romans who crucified him but we all put them on the cross, right? I mean, technically we all put them there with our sin. He had to die to forgive sin. So he's saying forgive them the religious leaders who unjustly accused him, the Pontius Pilate, the Roman government who unjustly condemned him, the Roman soldiers who nailed his hands and his feet to the cross and to the people who shouted crucify him. They don't know what they're doing but that takes a big person to say that. Father forgive them. After all this my beard has been plucked from my face. I've been spit on, I've been hit. I've been whipped to almost to the point of death. I couldn't even carry my own cross to Golgotha to be crucified on it. Simon the Cyrene had to help him. It takes a large individual to be able to say that when he's being crucified in his undergarments on a thoroughfare outside the city as a common criminal but yet Father forgive them for they know not what they do. He's saying we're blind and we don't understand the significance of that day but ultimately people will. That's why we have over two billion Christians on the planet today because people's eyes were opened because the Holy Spirit opened their eyes. Just amazing. So Jesus was crucified. He was with thieves, both criminals and he said to one of them today you will be with me in paradise. That's right. Two questions that come to mind. One is what is paradise and why did Jesus say today both of you will be with me in paradise? Interesting. You know that paradise is a Persian word and it means an enclosed well-watered garden. That's what it means, paradise. Paul tells us where paradise is. He says it's in the third heaven. He said I was brought up into paradise into the third heaven, into paradise. The first heaven is where the birds fly, our sky. Second heaven is space, the terrestrial, the planets. The third heaven is God's domain. That's where we go after we die, right? Okay, that paradise is where Jesus and some people say the thief, some people say both thieves but if the word says both thieves then both thieves are going. They're going to this perfect place of bliss, this well-watered garden if you will. The place where there's no more pain, no more sorrow, no more tears, no more grief, no more death and darkness, no more sin. Today, this very day, why could he say that? Because he paid the price for the sins. What an amazing statement that was. Another statement, Jesus looks down and says to Mary, woman behold your son. This is in John chapter 19, verses 26 and 27. Why is Jesus saying this? Well, Jesus is hanging on the cross and it's getting to the end. You know, it's almost 3 p.m. in the afternoon. He hung on the cross from nine to three and he's basically transferring Mary, his mother, over to John.  Here I am, you know, take a good look because though you may be weeping now, you won't be weeping in a few days because he knew what was gonna happen. So shouldn't our eyes always be beholding Jesus? We should always be beholding what he did for us on the cross. As soon as we lose track of that, that's when things start to fall apart. We lose perspective and we just don't get it. But ultimately he wanted to take care of his mother. He wanted to take care of John. He wanted John to take care of his mother and this all played into the context of seeing what was happening to Jesus on the cross.  Here's one that I think we have a lot of questions. Jesus said, my God, my God, why have you forsaken me? Matthew 27, 46, in what sense did God forsake his son? Interesting. This is a passage that's been debated for quite some time and Jesus is actually quoting a Psalm here and he's basically saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabbathini, my God, my God, why have you forsaken me? Now remember, Jesus was a man, wasn't he? He was 100% man, he was 100% God. He was the God man. They call that the theanthropos. As a man, Jesus felt forsaken on the cross. Probably as many of you have, even walking with Christ, maybe you say, God, where are you? Have you abandoned me? Have you left me? I'm in a desert here. I feel like you're nowhere to be found. But God has not left you. He is certainly there. He promised to be with you to the end of days. He will never leave you nor forsake you. As you read through the end of that Psalm in the Old Testament, you find out it also claims, but you are there and you've heard me. So it implies that in reality, God the Father did not forsake the Son, though the Son did feel forsaken as a human being, like many of us would in times of trial like that. Now, if there was an actual forsaken, it would be a momentary turning the back on the sin that Jesus was bearing. There wasn't a separation between the divine persons. The Son and the Father, there can be no separation between the Son and the Father. But there can be a momentary separation between the human Jesus and the human nature and the divine Father because of the sins he was bearing. And that was just the penalty for bearing the sin of the world that we should have taken. You see, we should all be separated from him forever for our sins, but he made it possible that Jesus would take that upon him so we wouldn't have to be separated or forsaken by God. What a great moment that was. A sobering moment of which all time is measured in AD and BC. There's the pinnacle of time right there. And the scripture that he was referring to is at Psalm 22. Yes, Psalm 22. That's considered a messianic psalm. Yes, it is. Right, messianic psalm. Go read it, read it over and over. It's just a beautiful psalm. It lets you take a peek inside of the heart, the feelings, the emotions and the mind of Jesus on the cross some 1,000 plus years before he ever came to die. Just amazing. And even before crucifixion was ever instituted, right? That's right, because crucifixion came by way of the Persians and the Persians taught it to the Romans and then Constantine outlawed that in the third century, early fourth century. So there was no more crucifixion after that time, the edict of toleration by about 310. But it was a horrible practice. It was designed to make the person suffer beyond even thought. I mean it was, you suffocated basically. You had to keep pushing yourself up to get air. That's why they nailed your feet and your hands. And then that's why they would break the legs. Why not the arms or just spear them? Well they break the legs so they can't push themselves up to get oxygen anymore and they just asphyxiate ultimately. So it was a horrible, shameful death. But Christ did it for you and me, even though he could have walked off that cross at any time. He stayed there. And that's why I believe in him because he stayed there when he didn't have to. He could have got off and people were saying well he can't even save himself. Let's see if he saves himself. Well they don't believe him because he didn't save himself. We believe him because he didn't save himself. It's just the polar opposite. And the Romans, you said the Persians were the ones that kind of put this, they came up with the crucifixion. When the Romans came and they were taught to the Romans, the Romans actually made it worse, didn't they? Yes, they wanted to prolong the agony and the suffering. Remember, Romans are not just these men wearing miniskirts or something like that. They were professionals at killing.  And that's why we know that Jesus did die on that cross. How do we know? Because the Bible says blood and water came out where the spear had pierced his ribs or his chest. In other words, the Journal of American Medical Association said the fact that blood and water came out of his side was evidence that he already suffered like a heart rupture or the pericardial sac around the heart had already ruptured. He was already dead at that time. And that's why we know Jesus actually died and that's an important point because we wanna make sure that Jesus died at that moment because you can't have a resurrection if somebody didn't die. So Jesus did in fact die, yeah. And he also said from the cross, I thirst. Here's his moments of death and he says I thirst like you drinking right now. Was Jesus fulfilling a prophecy by saying this? I thirst. I'm sure he was. He got thirsty. He was a human being and he thirsts but I think there's even more to it. I don't wanna discount the historical aspect to it. Certainly as a human being it was hard work dying from nine to three in a very agonizing way and there was thirst. But he also thirsts for righteousness, doesn't he? For all of you and I, I mean that's what his thirst was. Remember in John four when he said I have food you do not know of that I am eating when the disciples went away to go get food and rations and so forth. He's saying I have food you do not know of. I've been eating that food and he's been drinking that drink ever since and that's the spiritual food and the spiritual drink that sustained him ultimately. And then he says of course it is finished. It is finished. What a powerful phrase. Now the Greek word is instructive here for us. It's important that we realize this. The word is called to tell a sty. To tell a sty in the Greek text means paid in full. They actually use to tell a sty to put on bill of ladings on invoices back in that day. They just rubber stamped it to tell a sty when they paid it in full. So Jesus is using an accounting phrase to say that all the work that he was sent here to do his death on the cross is now finished upon his death. There is no more to add. There is nothing to take away. And when he says something is finished why should we add any works to his finished work? It's done only believed by faith alone through grace alone in Christ alone. That's what he calls us to do.  What was Jesus demonstrating when he said this?  A total yielding and an offering of himself to the Lord as a sacrifice. Do you know to put yourself in somebody's hands is like the ultimate devotion to somebody. Take me Lord I'm yours do with me what you want. Romans 12 is very instructive for us isn't it? It says you're a living sacrifice. It's your reasonable service to offer yourself as such.  You're the potter on the clay take it. So what a wonderful lesson it is for us to yield that word yield is very powerful here because if you yield to the Lord you know your life is gonna take a great change and a great turn. I mean we often pray Lord fill us with your Holy Spirit but maybe we should be praying Lord help me to give more to you so the Holy Spirit can use me because the Holy Spirit is here and he wants to use you but some of us are like cups that are turned sideways and not turned upside to be filled to overflowing in that manner. So God here is or Jesus is yielding his spirit to God himself. What an active devotion. And so looking at all of this all these statements and what Jesus went through I mean it shows us that the death of Christ was not an accident. No. Right because some believe that this man came to earth lived a good life and shared some good moral things and then all of a sudden he gets ransacked by the Romans and they kill them and bummer he's dead now right. It wasn't like that right. No this was purposeful. In fact the Bible says he was slain before the foundations of the world and then the prophets foretold of this Messiah that would come. Isaiah 53 says he would be bruised. He would be pierced for us and our iniquities and our transgressions. So the prophets played a very important role to overthrow the argument that Robert just you know Jesus was caught in this unfortunate circumstances and it wasn't really planned out. Well the prophets foretold of every event to its minutiae and its detail to how many pieces of silver he would be betrayed with and so forth. So this was no mistake. It was the greatest empire in the world with the greatest jurisprudence who condemned Jesus to death. This was no kangaroo court per se. This was the Roman government. Yeah. A few other things here because we're gonna wrap it up here in about five minutes or so. A lot of things happen after this. Luke 23 to 44 says it was about the sixth hour and there was darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour. Now some theologians have assumed that a solar eclipse occurred during this time. What are your thoughts on this? First of all, a solar eclipse can't really happen on a Passover. This was actually brought up. The ancient historian Thalus said, well the darkness might have been due to a solar eclipse but Julius africanus which is a Christian historian re-butted the whole thing by looking at astronomy and so forth where eclipses never really happen on passovers. It just can't astronomically occur at those times accordingly. So he basically debunked astronomically why there couldn't be just an eclipse. Oh, and isn't it an eclipse that it just so happened to be right at the time the Son of God is dying on the cross?  The preponderance of evidence is no. It was a divine cosmic action by God. So Jesus dies. He's buried Sunday. We celebrate here a week from today, resurrection. Here's where the secular mind has a problem. I believe in your Jesus. I get it. I see what he did, he came to the cross, whatever. But for you to say he was God and for you to say he resurrected, here's where the secular minds have a problem. I was reading this article, BBC News came out with this article that stated the resurrection did not happen says a quarter of Christians. And here's a quote, what they said, a quarter of people who describe themselves as Christians in Great Britain do not believe in the resurrection of Jesus, a survey commissioned by the BBC suggests. So here's where they come out of the woodwork, right? This is the week that we celebrate the resurrection of Christ. In fact, one liberal pastor said this and I want to quote him. He says, so to ask an adult to believe in the resurrection the way they did when they were at Sunday school simply won't do. And that's true of much of the key elements of the Christian faith, the resurrection. How do we, in a one minute briefs and offsets, how do you convince someone of the resurrection when we weren't there? Well, there's so much historical evidence to suggest it actually happened. Number one is, there's nearly a dozen eyewitnesses that he personally appeared to within 40 days after he rose. In fact, Axe says he presented himself by many infallible proofs during those 40 days. That word infallible is like incontrovertible proofs. We're talking, hey Thomas, touch me. Luke 24, here I'll eat a piece of broiled fish so you see him a real human being that came back from the dead. Mary appears to Mary. She thought he was the gardener, but here he is appearing to him. Appears to Thomas to all the 12. By the time it's done, these are primary source eyewitnesses recorded in scripture and any legal mind, even the Harvard professor Royale of law, Simon Greenleaf. Everybody heard of Simon Greenleaf? He even put the rules of legal evidence to the test and he analyzed the statements of Jesus and the resurrection and he concluded that any court would justify that a physical resurrection actually took place. I mean, when somebody rises from the dead, you have eyewitnesses to prove it and you backed it up with miraculous acts to confirm who he was. That person has instant credibility in my book. I don't know about you, but instant credibility if somebody rises from the dead. And then as Paul said in 1 Corinthians 1520, but Christ has indeed been raised from the dead and that's the Christian faith. Without the resurrection, we really don't have a faith, right? Don't have a gospel. It's the capstone of the Christian faith. That's right, because I chuckle when you say Christians who deny the resurrection, well, the whole definition of Christianity is Christ died on the cross and he physically rose from the dead three days later. So whatever Christian they are, they're certainly not a historic biblical Christian. Yeah, it's amazing what can be argued and so forth. Well, let's end with this. I want you to talk directly to the person who is not a Christian. Perhaps you're in this room right now. They're watching on webcast. Talk to them. Now that we've talked about the whole week of Christ, how important Jesus is, just give them a quick little encouragement. Sure. What an important week this is. Everybody lives by faith in something. We live by faith sitting in this room, having faith that the roof won't collapse in on us. We have faith when we start our engine in the car, we know we're gonna get to work, or when we drive over a bridge, we have faith that it'll support us. Everybody has faith. The real question is, what is the object of your faith? Is it your bank account? Is it your car? All those things will let you down, illicit relationships?  But Christianity is called a historic Christian faith because it's rooted in reality. We have eyewitnesses, we have manuscripts, we have archeological data, we have scientific data. We have all this evidence to Marshall that being a Christian is reasonable. Now I take the survey a lot. How many of you became a Christian because it was a contradiction and unreasonable? Everybody became a Christian because it was the reasonable thing to do. It made sense. And yes, you take a step of faith, but we're not taking a blind leap of faith in the dark. We're taking a step of faith in the light of the evidence. And Jesus left us more than enough evidence. The only thing that remains now is, are you convinced to take that step of faith, that free step of faith that says, Jesus, you're my Lord and my Savior. I give you myself. Thank you for forgiving my sins. I believe that you died on the cross for my sins and that you physically rose from the grave three days later. You're saved at that point. There is nothing unreasonable about that. Even scientists and atheists live by faith. They live in faith of their knowledge. They trust their knowledge in their scientific inquiries and their testings in the laboratories. They live by faith in that they should write their journal articles honestly and truthfully based on the knowledge that they've received. Everybody lives by faith. But what is the object of your faith? That's the key and hopefully it's Jesus Christ because it's him alone and it's his name is the only name under heaven whereby we must be saved. And that's it. And we're taking a step of faith in the light. So I encourage anybody and everybody, if you're not safe tonight, grab ahold of Jesus and never let go. He'll always be there. Joe, thank you so much for taking the time to come out here and to do this talk. It's been very encouraging. I hope you guys were blessed and it was very insightful and all the things that you shared. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you very much. Don't forget that as you guys walk out to my right here, the Veritas table is there. If you want information, you can talk to Vanessa or perhaps are you gonna be out there? Yes, yes. Okay, I'll be out there. If you guys want to talk, ask him any questions and all that'd be great and I'll hand it over to Jared. God bless you guys. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.


As someone who's been around in crypto for a long time, the interesting thing with the psychological part of investing is that when prices are really high, it's when everybody wants to buy into the project. We saw literally two weeks ago, right? Saying, oh, there's no way I can participate in this. I'm not gonna buy this because it's $2,000 for a sneaker. And now two weeks later, those same exact people are like, now that it's crashed to $600 per sneaker, I'm not gonna buy because now it's gonna continue to go down. I see it every year, right, with Bitcoin. When Bitcoin went up to $60,000, $70,000, everybody wanted to buy Bitcoin. Now that Bitcoin's down to $30,000, nobody wants to buy Bitcoin. If you're not buying now, then you probably shouldn't buy at all.


So, in this course mostly we will be focused on the four discrete distribution we talked about and the four continuous distribution we talked about ok. So, you all of you should be like this discrete random variables four we discussed they should be almost you should memorize on your fingertips and continuous all these uniform exponential Gaussian and Rayleigh they should be also may not be Rayleigh much, but Gaussian all they should be on your fingertips. In addition to this there are other distributions we already talked about this uniform distribution on finite set of elements there are again like gamma distribution, Weibull distribution and Laplace distribution we will discuss them as they as we require at them ok. Otherwise one can come up with different possible distributions all we need to ensure is if in a case of a discrete random variables right like if it is like you have this let us say this is like a some probability mass function of some random variable. This is the valid probability mass function as long as i equals to 1 to n is sum to 1 and all this p x i's are positive any kind of a probability vector you can come which add up to 1 and positive this is a valid probability mass function and similarly you can come up with some function for all x and this is positive positive and as long as this is 1 this is another valid probability density function for some random variable. You can come up with whatever you want ok like that people have come up with different but those have some special applications based on that they are called gamma Weibull and Laplace I will use them whenever we incur them ok. Now often when we have this random variables we would not be much bothered about what is the exact value but we would be interested in on an average what happens. For example this entire class is there maybe some of you will get I mean it is not necessary that all of you will get the same grades right but what matters to me is what is the average grade of this class that will define what is the quality of this class maybe if some of you got a fun you that is one of some individuals got and some of you got let us say cd some of you got but that is not like a individual case matters to us like what is the average grade of this class right in that case like what each one of you score it is like a particular realization like I can treat the score of this class as some random variable and there are about 60 students and the value scored by you as the different realization I am going to see. For me that particular realization is not so importance what is important is the average score if the average score is high then let us say you are the current batch average score is higher than the previous batch average score I may feel that I will feel that I may be I did a good job or you people did a good job like overall the class performance is better. So like that it becomes useful to compare the overall behavior ok. So, that is where we will look into the expectation and variance which will help us to understand the aggregated behavior rather than the individual behavior ok. So, now when we have this discrete random variable we said that we will have this point masses and the expectation of that random variable is simply defined as the weighted sum of the realization where the weights being there associated probabilities. So, notice that here my random variable x is taking values x 1 x 2 with the probability p x i's and what I am doing is x i is being taken with probability p x i I am multiplying and summing over all possible values. Even though I have written here i equals to 1 to infinity it could be finite ok when you have only finitely n like if you have only n terms in this this is simply going to be i 1 just a minute. What is this dft yeah this is something called a discrete Fourier transforms I mean that Laplace arises in that context like usually in signal processing when you are processing your speed signals one has to deal with certain kind of Fourier transforms one of them is a special thing called discrete Fourier transform we do that some special distribution arises that special distribution is called as Laplace there all I am saying is Laplace is one kind of distribution which has application in this speech modeling ok like that V bull is another kind of things distribution which finds application in reliability and survival analysis. I do not know some of you who are mechanical engineering you people study something called reliability course you study reliability course maybe later yeah so there you will end up seeing a V bull kind of distribution and when somebody in climate studies or civil engineering people may be interested in studying the amount of rainfall accumulated in a reservoir for example how much of the water gets accumulated in our power like in monsoon reason that is needs to be studied we need some models and maybe that gamma kind of distribution will find applications ok so depending on application people have come up with different distributions and I have just listed them like instead of going through all of them ok this is your expected value in the discrete case similarly like if I am given a probability density function what you are going to do is you know like when you go from discrete to continuous the things change from summation to integration and the PMF change from PMF change to probability density function that is what we are doing ok and now you have this expected value of your random variable. Now the other quantity we just said what is expectation variance variance is how the value of random variable varies around its mean ok so how the things behave with respect to the mean we want to capture and one way to capture that quantity is called variance and that is defined like this ok let us say I have a random variable x and I have expectation of x is expectation of x is a random quantity or a constant is a constant let us say I want to define a new random variable x minus expectation of x can I define a new random variable like this so now what I want to understand is I want to take square of this and take its expectation and that is exactly is my variance that is what its variance is now again how to compute this if it is a discrete random variable you just find out this quantity like I mean this quantity actually ok let me ask you let us say if my x takes values x 1 x 2 up to x n ok and when I do this operation y hypothetically assume that y also takes value y 1 y 2 y n that is x 1 gets mapped to y 1 x 2 get maps to y 2 and x n gets maps to y 1 y n now I want to understand what is the probability of x i and what is the probability that y equals to y i is there any relation between them will they remain same or different others they are going to remain same right and here I am specifically assume that there is a 1 to 1 mapping ok so whatever the probability I have x 1 the same probability with same probability I will get y 1 also like that now it is now basically finding because of this if I want to find expectation of y this is simply expectation of y i times y i but this is nothing but probability of x i but y i is now x i minus expectation of x squared and that is what we have written here maybe I should boundary patch a lot here p of x i times x i minus expectation of x but we have it and similarly in the continuous case as I said you are going to replace summation by integration and the discrete probability by the associated density function ok. Now I talked about different distributions right these are some like these are some discrete distribution we talked about and there are some different continuous distributions we talked about and each of them with comes with a certain distribution. Now Bernoulli random Bernoulli distribution with probability p if you go back and compute its mean value it is simply going to be p whereas, its variance is going to be p into 1 minus p this is obvious you can calculate ok and binomial n p. So, recall binomial has two parameters n and p and its mean is going to be n p and its variance is going to be n p into 1 minus 1. So, notice that means and variance depends on the parameters and for geometric this is going to be 1 by p. So, let us compute for one of them let us say let us take x to be geometric. So, what are the possible values x takes in the geometric distribution? So, 1, 2 up to infinity and what is the probability that x equals to i there is q say again ok. So, there are i minus 1 failures and after that there is a success that means there are success happened in the i trial. Now what is the expected value of I want to compute what is the expectation of expectation of x? Now this is going to be probability that x equals to i into i itself i equals to 1 to infinity now right and what is this value this value is going to be 1 minus p i minus 1 p into i and now i equals to 1 to infinity.  Now can you find out what is this value is? What is this in integral summation is? How? So, what is this like if you want to write it as we can write it as d by dp of what is this quantity? p power i this is not exactly the case, but you can imagine like this because integration and differentiation you cannot always interchange like this some conditions has to be satisfied you cannot blindly do this, but I have blindly interchanged for time being integration and summation ok. Now you do this quantity you can find it as p into 1 minus p square is it correct this quantity is going to be 1 minus p square I am blindly assuming you are right and then it is going to be 1 by p. So, that is what we get it and you can also find out variance. So, variance you need to do little more computation because square terms are involved you do it so like that you can do. So, some of the things to notice is if I have a Poisson distribution with parameter lambda it is mean and variance are also going to be lambda only ok. And if I have exponential with parameter lambda it is mean is going to be 1 by lambda and it is variance is going to be 1 by lambda square and this Gaussian distribution with parameter mu and sigma square mu in mu is corresponds to it is mean and sigma square corresponds to it is variance ok. So, like that. So, I want you to go through all of this table even though we have put it here you should work out this make sure that you are getting the right things at least once you should do so that it is like little bit get rid in your head you do it once at least. So, that it remains little bit longer term with you if you do not calculate once even though it could be little bit manual you have to write some 4, 5 page of calculation, but do it ok fine. This is all about the discrete and continuous random variable and the distributions and their associated functions like expectations and variances.


وَأَقُولُ فِي القُرْآنِ مَا جَاءَتْ بِيهِ آيَاتُهُ فَهُوَ الْكَارِيمُ المُنزَالُهُ وَأَقُولُ قَالَ اللَّهُ جَلَّ جَلَالُهُ وَالْمُصْطَافَ الْهَاديِ وَلَا أَتْ أَوْوَالُهُ رحمه الله سبحانه ورحمه الله ما سمعت بصاحب حديث لا يقوم بالنين إِقْزَوْطِ لِذَا اللَّهُ إِقْزَوْطِ لِذَا اللَّهُ لقد إذا لاتعرف لو who is out there to seek knowledge and attain knowledge who wants to learn the Hadith of the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم and he doesn't pray at night it's true it doesn't make sense why does it not make sense because Allah is saying to you who has dua and there is no one more in need of Allah than a student of knowledge everyday you want to attain more new knowledge do you want to learn something new right and this is the time that you call into your load and you ask Allah increase me in this يا اللم This mess is not going into my head أصدقائي لأيامي و الله يجعلني أفهمه. هذا السؤال أيضًا تأتي مع إمام محمد again في مكان آخر مع شخص الذي يمتلكه كانت محاولة جداً و كانوا يمتلك و عندما يمتلك كان يمتلك و كان يمتلك و كان يمتلك و إمام محمد قلت عندما يمتلك لماذا يمتلك؟  أنه يُكره لي عن العلم، that is disliked for personal knowledge تركو قيام الليلي to leave of what? وإنكام المسافرين، even if they're traveling as a student of knowledge I remember I said something there's unique things for you that other people don't share with you this is something you need, you've now taken on yourself things that are sunan, that are voluntary things they become on you greater so you can't the second thing that the sheikh said to him is صلي ما قُتِي بَلَكَ فِي آخِرِ الْلَيْدُ وَخْتِمْ صَلَاتِ كَبِ الْوِتْرِيْ صلي pray ما قُتِي بَلَكَ فِي آخِرِ الْوِتْرِيْ pray what has been written for you the last night, the last of the night وَخْتِمْ صَلَاتِ كَبِ الْوِتْرِيْ and then try to complete your night pray it with written شيخ مُرُوثِي مين سيس as the prophet ﷺ said in the famous hadith اجعلوا آخِرَ صلاةِكُم وِتْرَا the prophet ﷺ said, make your last prayer with it the prophet ﷺ said, make your last prayer with it do that then the sheikh said حافظ على ما تَيَسَّرَ لَكَ مِنْ أَذْكَارِ الصَّبَحِ قُلْ مِئَتَ مَرْضَا لَا إِلَهِ الْلَّهِ دَوْ لَا شَارِيْكَ لَا لَهُ الْمُرْكُ وَلَوْ لَحُمْدُ وَعَلَكُنِ شَيْئِنْ قَدِيرِ the sheikh says try to protect to reading the morning dawn prayer by saying a hundred times لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له له الْمُرْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ وَهُ وَعَلَكُنِ شَيْئِنْ قَدِيرِ taste a hundred times and أبو غيرا narrated in his from the prophet ﷺ المسلم أبقاري إنه صحيح that the prophet ﷺ he said من قال لا إله إلا الله the prophet ﷺ he said لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له له الْمُرْكُ وَلَوْ لَحَمْدُ وَهُ وَعَلَكُنِ شَيْئِنْ قَدِيرِ anyone who says that في يوم من مائة مراه and one day anyone who says it a hundred times كانت له عدو عشري القابل it's like a freed tense next وكوتمة له مائة حسنة and it's written for him a hundred rewards ومحية عنه مائة سيئة and a hundred sins will be eradicated and a clear of your record وكانت له حرزن and this will be a shield for you من الشيطان يومه ذلك this will be a shield for you from shaitaan that day حتى يمسي until the evening ولم يأتي أحد and no one that day has come with something better than you مما جاء به إلا أحد وعمل أكثر من ذلك except a person who said لا إله إلا الله than you have if you say a hundred times لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له له الْمُرْكُ وَلَوْ لَحَمْدُ وَعَلَكُنِ شَيْئِنْ قَدِيرِ a hundred times you are the best person of that day a hundred times there is no one wherever a person does that day the Prophet's حليث is that you have done better than them unless he says a hundred one time you're the best you're the best is that something that's hard on the tongue say that a hundred times a day and what is it for you الشيطان it's also a shield for you من الشيطان الشيطان the student of knowledge needs that because shaitaan's effort at the student of knowledge is far greater than a normal person صح it's multiplied what's worse this do this say this act in this way a hundred times a day does that إله إله you're going to see differences in your life رحمه الله رحمة واسعة شيخ محمد المصالح وثيمين العلماء عناس صحين they are very sincere in their advice والله they give you things that you can live your life with and it will change it for the better then the Shaykh رحمه الله وورك عتئي الدحا then pray رك عا الدحا صلت الدحا I prayed أبو حريرا أصالي خليلي بثلاثن he said my love one the prophet he advised me three things and then from the three he mentioned is what ورك عتئي الدحا he advised me to pray الدحا the door prayer point number 5 that The Shaykh رحمه الله mention is حافظ على أذكار المساء ما تيسر لك منها حافظ سيفقاد على أذكار المساء سيفقاد أذكار الأذكار that you do ما تيسر لك منها as much as you're able to do so do you adhkar save god them don't miss out on this أذكار الصبع عن you adhkare المساء as long as that is on your tongue you're of great station you're of great benefit now the شغر رحمه الله he moves on to the way in which a person should attain knowledge رحمه الله رابع عن the fourth now he's going to go into المرهجية اليطاري بالعلم the methodology of a student of knowledge the شغر رحمه الله يسأل إحرص على حفظ كتاب الله تعالى strive to memorize in the book of Allah واجع لك and make for yourself كل يوم and every day شيء معينا تحافظ على قراءة place for yourself every day a specific point or a specific amount in which you're going to memorize and read والتقن قراءتك بتدبور وتفهم and let your recitation be a recitation of contemplation and pondering and understanding وإذا عنت لك فائدة أثناء القراء فقيدها and if you support yourself or you come across or you come across or you tread over a benefit while you're reading then write it down note it down so the شغر رحمه الله he tells us the memorization of the book of Allah سبحانه وتعالى the طارب العلم the student of knowledge gives importance to the book of Allah and he gives time to memorize it every day one page will not harm you yeah are you with me brothers every single time a person places a amount for them if you memorize brothers if you memorize an ayah a day do you know how long it's going to take you for you to finish the Qur'an every day just one ayah 17 years 17 years you can finish the Qur'an and some of us are going to live for another 17 years after this advice and we'll probably not finish the Qur'an if you do one ayah a day are you there brothers if you do a page a day you finish the Qur'an in a year and something for one year you finish the Qur'an and we're together so easy break it down look at yourself and your strength and your ability just place don't have to go no one's telling you you have to memorize 5-7 pages a day just place something very small for yourself that you know stick to that an ayah a day now best don't stop it don't stop it how much are you going to come out with after 15 days you've got a page that you memorized that you didn't know 15 days ago a page is roughly from 15-20 ayahs generally speaking maximum or even less than that the person does that so memorize the Book of Allah the best thing a person memorizes is the Kalam of Allah because Allah is greater than the Kalam is greater than the Kalam of everyone the same way Allah is greater than everyone the statement its value is based on who said it have you seen sometimes you say something it's not as powerful as when the president said that you're like I've said that a long time ago the president comes out and he says that it's like wow everybody it's on the newspaper it's out there it's a big red light the sun the metro he tweeted this why what he tweeted what he said means that what you said tweet it doesn't have any value but you might be saying more great things than he is it's because of who is saying it ولي الله المثل العالم Allah's words are wise and the one who is saying is noble and great سبحانه وتعالى ولي ذلك the statement حديث بخاري المصر what is it أحب العمالي إلى الله وإنقالله the best that is the best action to Allah تعالى is what أحب العمالي إلى الله أدوامه وإنقالله the action that's most beloved to Allah brothers is that which is consistent and persistent and continuous even if it's little it doesn't matter Allah loves something that's consistent even if it's very little Allah loves it سبحانه وتعالى but you're consistent you don't stop finish and read the Quran the second advice that the Sheikh gives is سبحانه وتعالى and then strive to memorize that which you're able to from the authentic حديث of the Prophet like he says ومن ذلك أحفظ عمدة الحكام شاية الممرز عمدة الحكام ونشكل رحم الله تعالى specifically mentions book عمدة الحكام ونشكل رحم الله هذا الشرح ونسكت كتاب لكتاب عمدة الحكام إذا كتاب which is written حديث الحكام صح عبد الغني عبد الواحد المقديسي out of this book إبريز تجد أودة حديثة ووجد بشاء إنواط صحيحين بخارئ المسلم ما تتفق عليه الشيخين ما تتفق عليه الشيخاني لا ووجد the two sheikhs have a green up on بخارئ المسلم he brings them together رحمه الله أن الشيخ هذا الشرح عمدة الحكام يا زوات شرح عمدة لكتاب عمدة الحكام بدأ بس شرح فعمدة حكامة 2 شرحs one by الدقيق العيد and the second one is ابن ملاقن رحمه الله ابن ملاقن is one's code الإعلام before aid عمدة الحكام maybe 10 or something volumes and the next one is الإحكام الأحكام الإحكام في شرح عمدة الحكام وليتبعه ابن الدقيق ابن الدقيق العيد فبازل gets both of those will be benefiting a lot to be honest لكتاب الإحكام الشيخان الشيخون الشيخ عبد كريم فبازل reads the كتاب by عبدالغاني ابن الدقيق العيد شارح عمدة الحكام he says it's equivalent to reading the شروح الكتب الستة that one volume كتاب بابن الدقيق العيد فبازل reads it it's equivalent to reading الشروحات the explanation that I've been putting in six books of Hadith like فتو الباري like او ابن حدر او ابن رجم انا عولوا المعبوذ تحفتوا الأحوالي عن دي عبدالغاني عبدالغاني by بدر الدين ويتجده ده شروحاتها ببن كتب الستة he says it's equivalent to that ولا شكا وندقيق عزون اصولي هي زي واط اصولي وحدث انا فقيه so reading that book point number three is احرص على تركيز واتباتي بحيث لا تأخذ العلم نتفن من هذا شيء ومن هذا شيء لان هذا يوضيع وقتك ويوضيع وقتك ويشبتتوا ذهنك وشكا he says to be على تركيز واتباتي to be fast fan and steadfast on one particular thing at a time بحيث لا تأخذ العلم نتفن من هذا ومن هذا شيء that you go and take bits of bombs from everything you're going to be a bomb from here listen and they'll blow a bomb from here and they'll blow you're not doing it properly لان هذا يوضيع وقتك because that's going to waste your time ويوشبتوا ذهنك and it's also going to divide your brain and it's going to what it's going to also divide your brain this is a very powerful point from the شيء رحمه الله و تعالى which is what some people are very healers of which is the person has to really and you assist نفس العلم you have to fill yourself from the what from the base I give this example very often I say student of knowledge when seeking knowledge is like a house that has so many holes in it or a land that's got holes in it if you want the land the water to come on the surface what would happen first of all the water has to first of all fill up those holes right first when you seek knowledge you're never going to see it come out you're not going to see it it's not going to come to the surface it's going to have to first of all fill all of the mistakes and all of the shortcomings and little areas here or there and correct it as time goes on then it starts coming up to the surface they do it the mistakes that that person has okay the mistakes that that person has and the lack of ability here or there it takes years for it to be to be fully done so it makes sense so a person seeking knowledge sometimes for 10 years that they don't feel like they're learning anything because what it's doing it's building you from the foundation it's building you upwards so instead of knowledge needs to understand that knowledge should be studied from grassroots foundation is strong there's no point having a fluffy information at the top but the foundation is very weak because it will collapse does that make sense you can always tell a person who's fundamentally built is what a person who's what fundamentally built you can always tell and that's one of the unique things of Shaykh Minar Ataymin himself for him to say this it really has a وقع in the heart of everybody who reads this because Shaykh Minar Ataymin رحم الله تعالى was not known if you look at his works he's not known for وقولات and كلاب like that right Shaykh Minar Ataymin is not known for that Minar Ataymin's مكتبة is just that wall outside that's how big it was his مكتب I know right he didn't have a big library wall to wall this and you come in and you first floor second floor reason why Shaykh Minar Ataymin studied the sciences fundamentally he studied it رحم الله تعالى fundamentally he studied it he gave him put instagram until فبارع بها until he became an imam in the Arabic language he studied usul until he became an imam in usul he studied qawa'id until he became an imam in qawa'id he studied fiqh until he became a faqih he studied hadith until every field he studied رحم الله تعالى he studied it from grass roots what did he do he studied it from what and that's why Shaykh Minar Ataymin he always find that he's shawwuhat and he's explanations are what something else they are what wallahi something that touched my heart I'll tell you this Shaykh عبد المحس العباد was asked Shaykh عبد المحس العباد Shaykh مشهور حسن visiting Shaykh عبد المحس العباد and they were conversing and they were talking Shaykh مشهور ستهم Shaykh عبد المحس العباد why are not your tapes and your recordings not made into books why they're not تفرغات not done from it because عبد المحس العباد of the six books so he said why hasn't it been made into a recording Shaykh said I'm not like Shaykh المحس العباد he's a Shaykh المحس العباد it was like he was reading from somewhere when he spoke it was like he was reading from somewhere that when he spoke and it was written do you guys know that the books that we have Shaykh المحس العباد are all of them my tapes you literally think he was right he wrote it it's like a written book the way it is and you know when somebody and their writing is always different you can tell this different way of writing and speaking so Shaykh المحس said when we speak we just speak عبد المحس العباد with him he means it's it's it's it's that's what it is you look at his tapes and you look at the books it's exactly the same nothing has been taken out they don't take words out other scholars when they do basically transcribe their tapes they ask for the book to be brought to them and they take out so many things I don't want this get this rid of this this is not right this is not this so when you listen to the tape and you look at the book it's different you can see things have been changed and modified that Shaykh المحس العباد and all of this was from his head he's talking it's very why fundamentally Shaykh المحس العباد was built so everything in his head is organized well organized well structured when he's speaking it comes from a person whose foundation is very strong doesn't make sense brothers that the whole sciences are well organized no sciences mixing up with another science for him each science stands independently and he looks at it individually from the mentally and to where he is it's powerful then he says then he says then he says then he says then he says then he says then he says then he says then he says then he says then he says squared and then move on to books that are greater than it حتى تحصي다 bị العلم شيئًا فشيئًا until you attain knowledge beat by bit على وجين يرسوخ في قلبك و تتم기�ين you do it bit by bit in a way which with what will allow that knowledge to ground himself in your heart and it will allow it to be what tranquil in your soul لذلك the majority of the Students لإمكانهم أن يقولوا إذا鬱 بهم إغنية وإن يبدأون من قاعد العربة والبساطة يفعل شيء بعدها للأسلاء وإذا مارسها تفعل الآخر ثلاثة الأصول وإديلتها وإذا مارسها تفعلها أربعينood ومن الأسلاء يذهبوا أخضر القتل، إ memory أيضًا عنهم ما how they graduate الشخص يفعل هؤلاء موتون يبتلك shallah لرسمهم ويجب أن يومر ما ونفعل حول أنه إ 필요 وإبنو تيمي يكتب إختضاء والسلاطة المستقيم يقول الله قلت الساعة وقوة تان قوة الحفظة وقوة الفهمية كما تتعلم السعر عندما تتعلم كل time you simultaneously try to run both of them together قوة الحفظة وقوة الفهمية وقوة الفهمية وقوة الفهمية وقوة الفهمية وقوة الحفظة وقوة فهمية وقوة فهمية you should always try to run them together and give importance to both of them the fifth point that the sheikh said is إحرص على معرفة أصول المسائل وقاعدها وقيد the sheikh says إحرص strive على معرفة أصول المسائل the foundations of sciences and issues وقاعدها and its principles وقيد كل شيء everything that comes by note it down a student of knowledge needs to have a little book a little kitam a student of knowledge needs to have a little pen these books are very good can you give me a bag I found one of these books that are very good this one it only cost £3.99 it's nothing too big you buy this book as you come as you study you come across a benefit you just you're reading a Kitaba Risale you just write your little benefit here later you will organise it one each colour for each science that you're studying if it's a science pertaining to are you there brothers if it's a science pertaining to حديث you've got a colour for it if it's you've got another colour for it if it's each subject you have one book for it you write your فائدة إني واللهي later the fawwai that you've gathered from these books that you're studying the benefits and gems that you have can be made into books volumes of books that itself واللهي you can do محضرات from it lectures خوطب some of my خوطب are just a little benefit I came across when I was reading an ayah for example or a حديث and a call that I came across and that call of the حديث of the حديث sparked a thought into my mind maybe you know what especially in my Monday reflections I only base all on just the fawwai that I gather from books here and there nothing is organised but it goes far ولذلك what did he say the poet he said قيد العلمة بالكتابة قيد العلمة بالكتابة hold down knowledge and restrain knowledge with what by writing it the poet what did he say ومن الحماقة أن تسيلر أن تشيدة غزالة ومن الحماقة أن تشيدة غزالة وتتركها بين الخلائق طالقة he said from the dimwitness that you you hunt a deer this is dimwitness the poet said that you hunt a deer and then guess what you do instead of taking that deer and tying it up you just let it walk again you've hunted you grabbed it you got it what do you do you have to hold down the deer or the deer is going to go right that's how knowledge is you came to this lesson all this information has been brought to you you hunted it what you did what you hunted the knowledge and it's so dimwit that you're just going to go without without holding it down without keeping it with you and all of that information has been given to you and all of it just goes none of it has been written ولي ذلك they say سلاح وطالب العلم the weapon of the stone of knowledge is a pen is the weapon of a a stone of knowledge this is weapon everything without a pen for him it doesn't it doesn't so and every science what do you try to do brothers every thing you try to learn a principle principles are good they help you a lot many things will fall under it landing foundations are very powerful أصول القواعد are very good for a stone of knowledge شكرا عثيمين they say وقيد كل شيء إن يمروا بك من هذا القبيل everything that goes by that has been said to you write it down فقد قيلة it was previously one said anybody who is prevented and is prohibited from the أصول is prevented and prohibited from reaching his goal if you have not been allowed الله has prohibited from you تلم بأصول then you're going to be prohibited from the أصول attain your goal you're not going to get your goal without these foundations these fundamentals you're not going to reach your goal that you're looking for that you strive to attain you're not going to how is it that you're going to attain how you're going to attain it you're going to attain it by making sure that you study the foundations of fundamentals the person will و لذلك there's a Kitab written by حطيم البقدي you wrote a Kitab قيد قيد الكتابة قيد الكتابة based on the fact that the person just narrows that knowledge keeps it together and I always say this a book when you read it what you always read from that book is number one how do you deal with a book that you have that you've read how do you deal with a book that you've gained you've got this book and how do you want to know that you've understood this book what a person needs to do to that book is that they take that book and they rewrite that book by summarizing it when the scholars when they speak they sometimes repetition in their words sometimes they go off topic it's not part of what they're meant to say you as a student of knowledge are going to only strict yourself to what is part of the the book and anything that's from the إستدرادات the points of topic that the sheikh brings the repetitions the points that he's already spoken about he's bringing it back again and he's repeating again if you're able to be as strong as to take that out not taking out what is important that you've understood that book but if you're taking out vital information that's a problem this is not a void some مختل صلاة they're not worth buying because they've taken out gems and statements that are meant to be part of the book the مختصر is only meant to be to take out the irrelevant things for now and we're together number two you are able to rewrite the content page that book that you're reading you write the فهرس for it because remember when I want to go back to that book later and I want to go back to that book and I want to have a content page for it myself okay because the person who wrote the book who did the تحقيق of the كتاب who bought out this book they put a content page based on what they understood from this particular chapter right you might think there's something more apparent in this chapter that should be made the overall heading for it and not this صح and so what will it do for you as a student of knowledge you will be able to go and reference these books quickly your research will be fast your way to get back to that book is quick and not only that you will reach far in reading والله what you write always sticks once of writing is equal to 10 times of reading والله if you read the book 10 times if you write it once the whole book it's the same powerful the power the brain and the writing the way they are the last and final one he mentions رحمة الله رحمة واسعة ناكش المسائل مع شيخك أو من يثق بك أو من يثق به علما ورينا من أقرانك the shape concluded by say ناكش discuss with your شيخ issues discuss it with him or anybody who's knowledge you trust from your contemporaries discuss it with them when you're sitting with somebody don't just sit with them because of the sake of sitting with them this is what our friends are meant to be for what is it that our friends are for that you benefit from one another خليل من أحمد الفراهيد what did he say he said the people are four times a person who I'm taking knowledge from who's my شيخ I'm benefiting from them I hang around with that person I wanna be on benefit that's my شيخ I'm learning from them that's one second is that is a person who you're I'm equal with I'm benefiting from each other he said I would be with that person third one is a person who's lower than I am but wants to benefit from me I'll give them my time the fourth one is he said someone who is none of the above he said that one I don't spend a minute with the fourth type I don't give no time to that person he's none of the above لا هو ينفعني he won't benefit me ولا ينفعني ولا ينفعني منه I won't benefit from him then he won't benefit from me and last but not least he won't even benefit from me he's two hours to sit down and benefit from me so what is it we're together for nothing let's do it yourself I'll do my thing that's how you evaluate who you should be with so the أقراء and the contemporaries who are benefiting from each other their sitting is based on عيل and نقاشات مسائل this issue but you said this can I worry about this if you look at this hadith with أدب with أدب and etiquettes the person will reach a very high level of knowledge if they do so the شخص رسالة finish is there anything which I have said that was wrong or incorrect is from me and Shaytad and Allah and his messenger are free from it سبحانك اللهم الحمد لله لا إله إلا الله إلا الله ستغفيرك واتوب إليك