When did the Old Covenant end and when did the New Covenant begin? Hey, smart Christians a very interesting question comes up when people talk about the thief on the cross When he died there are some that will say well things are treated differently with him because he died under the Old Covenant but is that true and What that makes us think of then naturally is when did the Old Covenant in and when did the New Covenant begin? Remember the thief on the cross died after Jesus's death Why is that important? Well because of what Jesus said he came to do what he came to put an end to and What he came to inaugurate? Recall in Matthew chapter 5 verse 17 Jesus makes a statement says do not think that I came to abolish the law or The prophet which the Old Covenant I did not come to abolish but to fulfill Well, how is that done? Well, let's step back a little bit and remember in Leviticus chapter 16 specifically We're told about this day of atonement and how there is this priest that mediates between man and God and then there's two other elements also at present at this atonement There is this scapegoat whereby all the sins of the people are put on the head of the scapegoat and sent out into the wilderness In other words the scapegoat is carrying away the sins of the people Well, John tells us that when he sees Jesus he says look, there's the Lamb of God who does what? Takes away the sins of the world and so he's gonna play the part of the scapegoat as well Also, we have the sacrificial offering this propitiation this bloods sacrifice that will atone for sin Well, Jesus does the exact same thing as well. And so we've got a better If you will better elements, we got a better high priest according to Hebrews we've got a lamb that takes away all the sin and We've got a propitiation of blood that is much better than what we had before we'll cover the blood in just a second But in this regard he is a better sacrifice and so we don't have a temporal Atonement now we've got a permanent atonement and even if we go to Romans chapter 10 Paul makes his plate this this case also in chapter 10 verse 4 He says that for Christ is the end of the law for righteousness to everyone who believes and so It's clear that Jesus in his fulfillment of the law the law requires there be a sacrifice Apatiation that the people who believe in trust in what God is doing in this case with Christ it on the cross that they stand Justified because he fulfills the law and not just for a one-time Fulfillment that they are in right standing for one year. No in this case now. They're in right standing those who have faith They are in right standing Permanently because of the effectiveness of his blood remember we're told that this is this blood that Jesus shares Pays the debt and it deals with sin forever. There is no longer a Payment required so now when Jesus dies though His death inaugurates a new covenant now before we get in that let's talk about the new covenant and Just kind of get a picture and understanding of what the new covenant actually is and so in Jeremiah chapter 29 I'm sorry 31 verse starting in verse 31. He says behold the days are coming declares the Lord When I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah Not like the covenant that I made with their fathers on the day when I took them out of the out by the hand to bring Them out of the land of Egypt my covenant that they broke which zeal covenant though I was their husband declares the Lord for this is the new Covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days declares the Lord and he says in that look He says I will put my law within them and write it on their hearts And I will be their guide and they shall be my people and no longer show each one teachers neighbor and Each his brother saying know the Lord for they shall all know me from the least of them To the greatest declares the Lord for I will forgive their iniquity and will remember their sins no more It needs to be stated that as this new covenant is an effect for Israel It's not all the way complete in other words that not all of Israel is Experiencing this because we find out later We won't go into it that there is this spirit of stupor this partial Harding that's come over Israel And so by and large we've got an ethnic nation Israel that is refusing to place their faith in there in her Messiah Whereas other nationalities other people group just like Joel to says other people are Experiencing the Holy Spirit, but there are still some Jews who are also do is a by and large that group has rejected it For the most part, but there are some remember that the church started off with Jews Primarily and then we see Gentiles brought in but this issue of when the new Covenant started Well, it's actually addressed in the book of Hebrews Hebrews is a book written to Jewish believers and so it would make sense that this issue of the Covenant is brought up the ending of the old and the beginning of the New the book of Hebrews was written to Jews who have placed their faith in Messiah However, in their mind they have they've got all these years these thousands of years as a matter of fact of Being entrenched with the law and what does the law require that there be this yearly? Sacrifice this day of atonement year after year after year That's just guilt that still deals with them when they sin just like with us If a true believer sins that true believer is going to be remorseful and bothered by that sin Well in the case of these Jews these Hebrews their thought is well I must amend for my sin There must be some sort of sacrificial offering and the writers trying to convey to them that you don't have to Worry about that that the actual sacrifice has been done But I want to pay attention to I want to look at a couple passages to indicate when it ended when the old Ended and but really we know when it ended because we've been told that but really when the new covenant began in Hebrews chapter 9 let's start in verse 15 For this reason he that is Jesus is a mediator of a new covenant So that since a death that is his death obviously has taken place for the redemption of transgressions that were committed under the first covenant that is the old covenant Those who have been called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance for where a covenant is There must of necessity be the death of the one who made it that is obviously God or Jesus in this case For covenant is valid only when men are dead for it is never enforced While the one who made it lives and so they're pointing out this issue with this new covenant that it cannot be enforced while in This case Jesus lives. Let's go back to it He says therefore the first covenant was not inaugurated without blood and every covenant as a matter of fact We see the the old covenant. We see the the Abrahamic covenant We see that there be this blood Sacrifice this this blood the shedding of blood that inaugurates the covenants the Abrahamic covenant we see in in Genesis 15 and then we see this in Exodus With this brand new covenant this new covenant act of the time to do covenants old covenants There's mosaic covenant the law we see that there and so that's what he's speaking of So verse 19 he states that for whenever for when every commandment had been spoken by Moses all the people according to the law He took the blood of the calves and the goats and water and scarlet wool and Hissop and sprinkled both the book itself And all the people saying this is the blood of the covenant which God commands And so he's reiterating that even that old covenant was inaugurated with blood Why is that important because what how's a new covenant going to be inaugurated for these people with blood as well? So let's go to it. He says verse 21 and In the same way he sprinkled both the tabernacle and the vessels of ministry With the blood according to the law one may almost say all things are cleansed by the blood and without the shedding of the blood There is no Forgiveness so now it's clear that what has to happen is there has to be obviously we see that Jesus fulfills the old covenant the law The requirement that there be this sacrifice in this case a better sacrifice But his shedding of the blood on the cross is the institution the inauguration of this new covenant and granted the fulfillment of it Has not been totally thorough, but it has started there are some that believe that it hasn't started I believe that has because the very fact that It could not be that these people were in the midst of or the the middle of No covenant the whole covenant nor under the new covenant So what are Jews who have not placed their faith in what how are they living? Well, even though they're acting under the old the new covenant is what's been established down That's the covenant that God has and God is really not paying attention to the old covenant so to speak It's it's done away with as a matter of fact. Let's go to some more interesting details about the old covenant as it relates to or Contrasting with the new covenant in chapter 10 verse 1 this is for the law That's the old covenant since it has only a shadow of the good things to come and not the very form of things can never By the same sacrifice which they wish they continually offer year by year make perfect those who draw near Otherwise would they not cease to be offered because the worshipers having once been cleansed would no longer have had Continence of sin and so the issue is the old covenant could not cleanse people of sin two things are missing The dealing with sin and there's also a way to make these people in right standing Whereby when they do die they can steal or they can then go and be with the father that could not happen under the old Covenant and so let's go back to it He says in verse 3 but in those sacrifices there is a reminder of sin year by year which he wants to take away with Verse 4 for it is impossible for the blood of bulls and goats to take away sin However, Jesus's blood is not the same sort of blood sacrifice It's a much better sacrifice and in verse 5 he says therefore when he comes to the world He says that's Jesus Sacrificing offerings you did not desire but a body you have prepared for me in a whole burnt offering and sacrifice for sin You haven't taken no pleasure Then I said behold I have come and the scroll of the book is written of me to do your will oh God And look what he says after saying above Sacrifice an offering and whole burnt offerings and sacrifices for sin you have not desired Let's drop down verse 9 then he said behold I have come out to do your will he takes away the first He takes away the first which is the old covenant to establish a second Which is the new covenant by this will we have been sanctified through the offering of the body of Christ Once for all and so here we have we see that the taking away of the old covenant is Now supplanted by the bringing of the new covenant all in one act what he did on the cross Ended the old and brought about the new so going back to the question that gets brought up When the thief on the cross died did he die under the old cut because it's brought up when people asked well Why didn't the thief on the cross? Did he need to be baptized and we say that baptism water baptism is not necessary for salvation and a perfect example Is the thief on the cross who is not baptized but is promised to to have Salvation Jesus says today you'll be with me in paradise well paradise is in heaven now at the time It was not and we'll deal with that at a different time. That's a different discussion, but he's promised salvation though. He's not Baptized in physical water, which means it could not be The requirement for salvation physical water baptism, but some will say but no he was he died under a different Dispensation he died under the old covenant But he could not have died under the old covenant because Jesus's death Into the old covenant and inaugurated the new covenant If someone disagrees with the question is going to be well When did the new covenant start the new covenant started according to these passages that we just read at the shedding of the blood? That's what I inaugurated the new covenant just like it's what inaugurated the old covenant Just like it's what inaugurated the Abrahamic covenant And so it should be clear the old covenant and the new covenant had the exact same end date and start date


TFNN headline news update Good afternoon everybody. I'm Tommy O'Brien coming to you live from TFNN headquarters in St. Petersburg, Florida 1 p.m. Eastern time on Thursday three hours left to go in the trading day And we got a positive market to say the least Dow Jones up 254 points trading at 25902 you get the Nasdaq up 102 points trading at 79 24 the S&P's up 33 points trading at 2888 notes and bonds lower price higher yield 10-year negative 8 ticks 124 13 We got the 30-year negative 11 ticks 149 17 oil up a dollar at 6302 tough day to the downside for gold off $11.70 at 1286 on the dot and some dollar strength up 259 ticks turning at 97 640 we'll start it off. Let's jump over the futures markets We'll start it off with the Dow. It's been quite an acceleration since about 3 30 a.m. The lows of 25,567 we saw the Dow trade up a solid 400 points from that level just off the highs 25904 Nasdaq 100 pretty similar action We pull back for a brief period from about 7 a.m To the lows right at the market open and then we take off topside you are the Nasdaq 100 at the opening bell trading 75 13 we trade all the way up to 76 40 talking about a hundred and 27 points just from the opening bell currently trading 76 20 S&P's pretty similar action currently trading 2888 on the dot made it as high as 28 93 crude oil market highs of the session 63 47 currently right at $63. We get the gold contract There's your acceleration to the downside that high up there was 4 a.m Coincides to the low of the market so kind of an inverse relationship going on with gold in the market as it occurs sometimes yet a low of 12 84 31 gold trading 12 85 83 and Natural gas trading a bit higher to 63 85 Terms of what else you have out there fundamentally a couple stories going around in terms of we have the weekly jobless claims this morning 212,000 versus 220 the market liking that you also had housing starts rising more than expected in April rising 5.7% to 1.235 million units last month and earning season Cisco rising on strong revenue guidance and Walmart as well jump over to those two as we wrap it up There's your VIX as well 50 and 54, but Cisco up almost 7% and Walmart up 2.4% Stay tuned folks Steve Rhodes coming up on the Trader's Edge Dave White power trading hour to Tom O'Brien at 3 a.m. Great Thursday


Hi, I'm Michelle Moore. I currently working with the Protective Services Group. On general duties I could be out on the patrol cars or sometimes I get called out to work in the courts or some government buildings. So depending on the day and depending where they need me, I'm pretty flexible. I decided to work for the Protective Services Group because I wanted to make a difference. At my last job I was working as a flight attendant and I love working around people. I wanted somewhere now to make a difference and learn and grow as a person. I think the challenges with this role is working in a different environment because you've got different dynamics of people and different situations. I guess you could be really empathetic to people and understand people. I was working at Redcliffe Courthouse and I had a situation where a gentleman had come in. He was quite agitated, a bit nervous about going into court and I was able to diffuse the situation by coming into conversation with him keeping him calm because he needed to be in court that day. So I was able to calm him down and walk him to the court. For me that's rewarding because it was both a win-win situation that he was able to attend his court case without being so nervous and the judges and that were able to see him. I received training at the Police Academy and with that training it's intense training, school work as well as the physical training. It's a great opportunity if you want to progression. The job is great if you work hard, you're reliable, there's always room to move. But also you work with the different diverse people, the police as well. So we have a good relationship with them and they always help us out when we need them. For me Shifferford is fantastic because I get to do four on and four off and for me I had the four off days it's fantastic and I like the day work and the night work as well too. It's a rewarding job if you're thinking of joining you've got nothing to lose, it's time to do it now, come and join us and it's a great team and a great environment to work in.


Mae bwyddynau ichi rhai i'r bwysig o'r dysgu sy'n gweithio gyda'r cyfliffydd ar yr acmu. Rwy'n gwineud y gallwch yn bwysig i Josef Sera o Sao Paolo, y Lyfr i Sao Paolo, y dyfodill ar gael a Sunday, bod wedi bod wedi'u gyfweld o ei beth, erbyn am hyn yn ysgoff ddechrau ar y dyfodill y gallwn cyhoeddi, ac o amser, that he was our previous host and has come a long way from Sao Paolo. I'm going to give you a little bit more time than the others. So, Jose, over to you. Let me start by thanking the London School of Economics, the Alfred Hellhaus in Society and the Urban Age team for this continuing diversify and oral study of what is the urban experience in our age. It's for me a privilege really to be a part of this project and to be in Istanbul for the second time in my life and be a witness of all the normal changes the city has been through. I shall make some remarks of the international economic crisis and the urban question being especially in mind of course the Brazilian Sao Paolo experience. During its peak, the present crisis is affected in a greater or lesser degree, all major cities in the world. London and Sao Paolo, for example, Sao Paolo has a larger industrial dimension than London and less leveraged real estate market. But in the peak of the crisis, both cities were similarly affected and the dark or cats are grey. Nevertheless, in this moment of the economic recovery, Sao Paolo is faring better than London. But this is due to the fact that Brazil is faring better than United Kingdom and not due to a difference in urban policies. It is different performance of national economies that is causing stability or worsening of living conditions in the larger urban centers. And that means bad news, in my opinion, for the city regions of developed countries. Since the current crisis will lead to a new dynamics of the international economy as Mr Carmel Davis data show here very clearly. The overall growth in the world world will be subdued for next years, but it may be said that growth in the advanced market economies will be quite lower than growth in emerging economies. Of course I am talking of average since both emerging market economies and advanced economies do not constitute a single block. There are exceptions in Latin America, Venezuela for instance, in Eastern Europe, in Asia and even in Western Europe where Germany's performance will be quite better than the British one. One of the factors that explain the difference between advanced and emerging economies is that the anti-cyclical fiscal policies adopted during the peak of the crisis will lead to higher public adapting relation to GDP. This is in the entire world, but in a more dramatic way in G7 economies. The net, just to give two examples, the net depth of United States and United Kingdom, for instance, will increase to around 70% of GDP by the end of 2010, almost twice the pre-crisis levels. As a consequence, market perceptions of a relative risk will change in favor of emerging markets. We face then two main challenges in my opinion for central countries, how to redefine policies for large urban centers in order not only to avoid the dramatic deterioration but also to transform then in recovery factors for their economies. Second, for emerging ones, how to take advantage of so important opportunities, new opportunities to promote an important gain in the quality of urban life to reduce social cleavages and correct past mistakes and mismanagements. Unfortunately, the anti-cyclical policies adopted have not so far as a rule included larger and better planned investments in greater urban centers where unemployment and social problems are bigger. In a number of cases, these investments were even cut or slowed down. That's the case of Brazil, where state governments and municipalities care out more than 70% of public investments. That was in Brazil, of course, a strong national short-term fiscal anti-cycle policy, but centered on seller increase of federal public servants and on a cut on federal taxes on durable consumer goods despite the fall of overall tax revenues. Those measures avoided the economic slump, but brought about a decrease on the constitutional transfer from the federal government to states and municipalities, whose own tax revenues, by the way, had also fallen due to the crisis. But unlike the federal government, they are illegally unable to issue local or state public bonds to finance their deficit. Thus, the federal government deficit could increase to finance consumption, but local and state governments could not increase their deficits and had to sacrifice their investments. Most of it then in urban development. It's a paradox. We all know that a time of increasing globalization, issues related to competitiveness, becomes central. Urban policies have been forced to go beyond the measures addressing traditional urban problems. It is necessary now to take proactive action to foster competitiveness and attractiveness. The old industrial policy is being replaced by new urban policy, and that is especially relevant in times of a world economic crisis. Sao Paulo, which is my city and my state, has no competitor in Latin America as a financial center, but the increase in the dimension of business will demand more sophisticated and encompassing policies, too. That's why we developed policies of great urban impact, expansions of subway and metropolitan trains, about $20 billion of investments in six years, new highways, regeneration of the old city center and the metropolitan area, urbanization of slums with regularization of proper titles. And a strong expansion of the technical and technological schooling for young people provided by state government. Also more safety. The data that has been presented is not the real data now. The murder rate now is about 11 in Sao Paulo, not 21 as was presented here in 206. On the other hand, I must say that we have about 50% of the prison mates in Brazil having 22% of the Brazilian population. And also investments in health care. Health care is a very sharp complaining by the population. Now all of these improve the living conditions of the pool, create a healthy environment for business, generate more jobs and opportunities in a kind of a virtual cycle of development. But the main difficulty to put the circle, circle, emotion more rapidly is not the lack of political will or coherent ideas as one is usually tempted to say at least in Brazil. But the real budget restriction. We suffer there from a paradox. For instance, the Brazilian financial system is concentrated in Sao Paulo, more than 75%. But it pays very little taxes to city and none to the state. The main taxes it pays and high ones are all federal taxes. Very little of these federal tax revenues is transferred back to larger cities and almost nothing to more developed states. So we have the development of very important economic activities without tax revenues from them. Finally, the federal government contributes moderately in urban investments and traditionally nothing to the rail, urban transport in Sao Paulo. Although there is in Brazil a ministry of cities, urban problems are not real dealt with as if they were a federal issue. And I think it should be. This is our crucial problem now. Well, but these are all specific problems of one city region. I would say city region, the most important for Brazil. But we share the problems with the whole city regions of the country. But every country has its own problems in their city regions. And everyone has a lot to learn with each other's experience, mistakes, successes and peculiarities. This is one of the best qualities of urban age. Thank you. Thank you very much. And we're now going to move north but stay in the American hemisphere and go to Anthony Williams, who was mayor of Washington D.C. for eight years until 2007 and has also been closely linked with the urban age program right from the start. Thank you, Howard. And let me also thank all of our friend and my friend, Governor Sarah, for his remarks and for traveling so far to be with us today and thank him. I'll be very brief in recognition of the time and really just pose some questions in response to what I've heard. One general question I would pose as a former practitioner is someone who continues to be involved in local issues around the world and certainly in the United States is, I think necessarily so, our presenters were descriptive and they implicitly had some prescriptions for what we should be doing generally and implicitly on what we've got to be doing locally. But a question for all of us is how does this really affect what we're doing on a local level? What steps should we be taking to put some of these observations into reality? And that's kind of my point in general. I thought Kamal's presentation was interesting to me, one because he's an economist and had a clear point of view so I thought that was interesting just to begin with and that's a compliment. And number two I found it, well it was very powerful to hear the relationship between, what I heard was there is a clear relationship between growth and the acceleration of this growth and urbanization and that was great to hear. It was also particularly important for me to hear, I had a real effect on me to hear that there was a flattening of inequality and I think a question for me and I think for all of us is what does this mean certainly generally? What does it mean on a local level? What steps can we be taking to try to take advantage of that flattening? Because clearly in our cities that is a huge issue. You could look at Washington DC as an example and look at the tremendous growth in the economy, the tremendous investment, the tremendous prosperity in the city along so many indicators that it remains as Bruce would certainly recognize from his work across the United States a city in a region divided. Finally a couple of questions for Kamal in looking at this relationship of growth and urbanity. What does that say about the relationship between the formal and the informal economy? And what does that say about the relationship between large businesses and small businesses? And again what steps should we be taking? Looking to Bruce, you know in the United States our notion of cities really has been impoverished over the years. The United States has a wonderful understanding and appreciation of the public realm when it comes to something like public spaces and national parks and a very impoverished, narrow, stingy, horrible view in my perspective as a former mayor when it comes to public space, public responsibility in urban places. And so if we look at the future of the economy of the United States as one example it's going to be an innovation based economy, a carbon based economy and so on in this relationship to local governments more broadly defined as metro areas. Again what does this mean for us as local areas putting this into practice because I can tell you from personal experience as a mayor going to these metro councils you know this Bruce this is a dreary business right now. So the debate and the energy that's happening up at the national level and I applaud the president for taking these initial steps has to now percolate down to the local level to have lasting traction and lasting impact. And lastly the presentation when it went to the economy and capital markets and their expectations for cities. Again what are the local steps necessary to produce this transparency and this accountability at the local level where capital markets and the investment is invited and the returns are generated and further investment is justified. I would just say that at the local level we so often hear bankers coming saying we want this and that and this ABC from the local level in terms of accountability. But we get mixed messages. We hear that we want major investments in our workforce but then we hear another group of people representing the capital markets and I certainly have heard them loud and clear saying we want major investments in stadiums and this and that and do the two go together. And understanding that creating this transparency and accountability at a local level is creating really a system but understanding that a system exists in a management control environment which really exists in this larger ecology of the city. We're talking about not just systems hardware and software but also people organization and process and in thinking of all these steps you know broadly answering the question how do we make all of this description at the kind of broad general strategic level reality down at the task nitty gritty local level. Thanks very much Anthony. Maybe in order to get the salience of public space in cities to rival that of national parks you need a kind of urban equivalent of yogi bear. Maybe that's a task for Bruce at the Brookings Institute to invent one. We're going to move straight on to NASA Munji but there's quite a good link because you ended up by talking about financing picking up air since points and he's the chairman of the development credit bank for India. Thank you very much Mr Chairman. Let me just make a few very personal comments on how I see this space of activity and I'll go and follow the presentations made. I think really the 20th century was about urbanization. When we turned 19 to the 20th century we had about 12 or dozen cities with a million plus population. As we turned into the 21st century we have 450 million cities, million plus population. So clearly the problems we're going to face in the 21st century are going to be about managing cities, living with cities, building institutions for these cities. And I think that is the sort of agenda that we are facing. The telecommunications industry has networked a lot of these cities in a very dramatic way. So technologies have changed the way cities are linked together. I like to think about the global environment in a sense what Kemal was saying in terms of the world growth in the 20th century links to this creativity that people getting together into cities and I think that's not a part of the reason why we had growth in the 20th century. But in terms of this global environment I like to sort of classify it into the three Cs and the three Ls if you like. The three Cs being, we are now because of these revolutions in technology and movement in a realm of competition, comparative advantage and connectivity. Very critical for the future of cities. And the three Ls that I like to think about is location, location, location, location, very important for cities. Logistics which is something that you mentioned really about how logistics are going to work and livability. In Bombay some years ago I had a survey and I asked top CEOs what are the top elements that determine your choices of location? And the top of that list was the cost of doing business. Very critical. Two, the labour market. What sort of labour market do I face? Third, what is the social infrastructure that the city offers? And fourth was crime and safety and governance. These are the broad issues that most CEOs were looking at. Now you're seeing in terms of the application of these concepts in terms of cities, at least in Asia, that I've been sort of watching. One is the global city through financial centres. That's obvious. We've seen London, Tokyo, Paris etc. merge. We've seen cities use sports as a major transformation element. We've seen this in Beijing. You're seeing it in London. You're seeing it in Mexico City. You saw it in Barcelona. Iconic buildings. The Guggenheim Museum actually transformed Bilbao and put it on the world stage. There's also an economic argument in terms of gateway cities. Cities that realise that they become gateways to regions. You're seeing this very much in our region, which is Dubai and Singapore. Singapore being a gateway city to the Far East and to India. Dubai becoming a gateway city to Central Asia, Africa and India. And they've used it very intelligently in terms of how they might build a future on this. Moving on to the real problems that we are really facing in, let's say, the developing world and what cities are facing the developing world. And all of us, Sao Paolo, India face the same problem of fiscal centralisation. And clearly finance has to be locally raised revenues for local expenditure should be the way to go. Normally central governments don't encourage that system, but it's a system that we're going to have to move in. Property taxes are a very important element of city revenues. And can they be revived? You can't just talk about capital markets. The second issue really is on finance. The use of land as a resource. Land is the most valuable resource in a city. And we could use land as a resource in the hundreds of ways in which that can be done. And it makes the most dramatic impact. Bruce mentioned infrastructure. Infrastructure for cities is absolutely crucial. How do they get financed? In fact today the developing world has a great opportunity of building its growth on infrastructure drivers. In fact today is the cheapest time to do infrastructure. You can get construction equipment, you can get logistics as cheap as possible. You can get the inputs for infrastructure development. Normally nations can raise the finance. I don't think finance is a problem in India for example. If you want to do the infrastructure investment programme so it is entirely possible. But I think very critical for us and I think this wrap up is really the institutional elements of city growth. The institutions that the city has for its own development. The governance structures. The intellectual inputs that are required in cities. And the nature of partnerships because I think most developing country cities require partnerships to develop. In a sense we need public-public partnerships. Partnerships within the public sector. I think you can synergize that in a number of very creative ways. We need public-private partnerships which is something that as mentioned in terms of how you can get private capital to move in. The British PFI is a great example of how social infrastructure can actually be put together through output based contracts. Where the government actually pays for services but the services are provided to citizens. So there is a whole range of partnerships that we can look at. The whole citizen government partnership is how can citizens be brought into the agenda setting exercise for cities. Because after all cities are about people and it's not planning for people but planning with people. And I think that paradigm has to change. People have to be very much part of that planning process. The whole issue of urban design. So often planners are just ignoring the whole issue of urban design as they build cities. The urban design agenda is going to be very very large as we move forward. So I think the agendas for cities are the list is long. But I think what we really need are one or two critical items. One is caring to do something. I find the word care doesn't exist. Let me just conclude by one sentence. Let us design what we would like to see built and then find the process and means to achieve it. Thank you very much. Our next three discussants will bring us perspectives from Istanbul. Our next discussion is Mr Mohsin Mengiturk who is a member of the board of directors of Doge Group here in Istanbul. Last night in the award ceremony, the minister of the economy, Mr Ali Babajan briefly mentioned the government's vision to establish Istanbul as an international financial center. And as a former director of the capital markets board in Turkey, Mr Mengiturk is in a very good position to comment precisely on this vision and this project. Thank you, Mr Shenner. First of all, it's an honor for me to participate at such a distinguished panel. It's on. Can you hear me now? I think it's better. I think this government project of making Istanbul a financial hub is a very interesting one to start with. It is very relevant also in the context of globalization and the changing role of global cities in the global economy. As far as Istanbul is concerned, of course it's also very fitting for Istanbul to become a candidate of a global financial hub because of several reasons. First of all, there is, as we all know, a fundamental shift in the role of global cities. And Istanbul is an example from the role of direct manufacturing to the role of running the top running of large companies and large banks. Istanbul is in a good position in that respect because over the years we can see that the manufacturing jobs are moving towards the outskirts of the city, at least or perhaps farther away towards less expensive territories like Gebser or further away to Kocaer. But at the same time, this city is still concentrating large companies and large banks as well as multinational corporations because of several factors. The city, like in other major cities of the world, is abundant in terms of high-skilled manpower. This is very important for the top running of the companies and large banks and for the running of their networks. In addition to that, of course, this kind of a position in the form of a financial hub also requires some specialized services such as legal services, accounting services, IT, business consultancy, and so on. And Turkey is also attracting that kind of services. I mean, Istanbul is also attracting that kind of services to its location. So all these combined, I think, Istanbul has the right setting to become a candidate at least. This is the bright side. There is a downside also. Let me try to summarize the negatives under four points. Point number one, the Turkish financial markets are still rather shallow in spite of the very considerable progress made over the past decade. Still, the market is very shallow in terms of capitalization, trading volume, and the diversity of products. That is my first point, but maybe more important than that is the fact that number two, there is political risks involved, like in many other emerging markets. Number three, which is linked to number one, Istanbul Stock Exchange, our national exchange in Istanbul, located in Istanbul, is very, very much a local exchange. Some regional aspects perhaps, but mainly local. In a world where the largest markets, largest exchanges are merging, for example, New York Stock Exchange purchasing a number of European exchanges. Now, with that in mind, of course, the status of Istanbul Stock Exchange sticks out like a sore thumb. That's another difficulty. Number four concerns regulations, which used to be my responsibility some time ago as a regulator. Again, despite the progress made over time, still the regulations in effect in Turkey are not yet up to par. But to top it off, there is also the problem of uncertainty as to what the regulations will be for the entire world. As we all know, crises are a dime a dozen in the world, financial crises, and some of them are major financial crises. After every major crisis, maybe Sir Howard also will agree with me, what happens is that there are individuals, many individuals and institutions that are in over their head, very much troubled, sentiments rise high, and what happens as a result is that the regulatory structure goes through a major overhaul in order to make it more rigid and more authoritative. This is what happens, but does that stay like that for a long time? No, in time things are forgotten. Markets get the hang of the new regulations and the economic situation, and this is a good thing, of course. But what happens is past troubles and problems haven't been forgotten, rules are usually relaxed again and back to square one. So it's party time once more. This psychic nature of regulations is very interesting, but this is what happens. This time, I think it's different because most everybody is on the same page. They agree that there is a need for a radical change in the regulatory structure because what we have at the present time is a thing of the past. It does not reflect the radically different realities of today, and what we need is probably not another new version of the existing regulations, but perhaps a totally brand new product. Let me say this. Don't get me wrong. I'm not claiming that this is what's going to happen. I'm just voicing my opinion of what should ideally be done. But what will really happen, we're going to wait and see. Well, having said all that, let me wrap up by going back to the original project of making Istanbul a financial hub. Of course, this vagueness about how the markets will be regulated in the future can be a very serious obstacle to the project. But at the same time, it can be an opportunity if the right steps are taken by the government and the market participants. Let me stop at this point. Many thanks, Mr Mengeter, for critically evaluating this possibility, this vision for us. Our next discussion will be Mr Salad bin Yldirham, Secretary General of the Organization United Cities of Local Governments, Middle East and West Asia, which is located in Istanbul. And I understand Mr Yldirham will be speaking in Turkish. I'm very glad that all these things are done in the world and in the cities. A very important thing is the dimension of the dimension and the fact that the public is not there or the way of hiding it. That is a political dimension, no one talks about it. Alwha ni'n gwych bod y bod hyn gyda i ddodol wedi gweinwyr eich ddodol. Mae'n eu rydyn i'r uchlaeth, ddodol, ddodol, Rusu... Mae'n bwysig i'n gwych. Rwy'n ddim yn y drafodaeth a'n ddodol. Mae'n ddodol. Yn gynghori, sy'n gweldu'r rôl iawn, sydd yn yr iawn i ddodol. Mae'n stadio'r arweinwyr, sy'n rwydynt hefyd, yn gwyllwch ar gyfer yr ysgrifennig, am ychydig yw'r hwn. Mae yma yn ymuno'r yma, ac mae'n teimlo. Mae ond ychydigndu bod y gallwn yr ysgrifennig yn yr ymwneud. Mae'r ymwneud yma'r ymwneud ar gyfer yr ymwrdd. Mae'r cyfeisio'r yma'r cyfrifod yn yrahanol. Fe ddîr i chi'n mynd i ffrasadol yma. Mae'n eich tynnu cyfrifod i wedi bod honno o ddefnyddio duminig... …flasio am y lleol. Ond rhai o'r llwyddoedd ar gyfer gynnwys. Ond bod yn i ddiwedd ar Garrithedau, neu yn i ddiffenio Linga Llyfrgell. Mae'r honan yn sefydlainio eu gyfeirio economi. Mae'n gwneud yn y mewn ein cyfugru. Mae'n gwneud am yr ymdwyl, mae'n eu penwyddoedd yn gwneud y teimlo ddechrau'r byd, mae'n ganddo'r ddechrau, mae'r gael ar y diwetheilion ymar. ...y'r byw i'r byddwch ar y dyfodol. Felly, y mynd yma, y cyfnodd y byddwch... ...y'r byddwch fuddiad ffermwyr yn gyfugir. Ond yma, y byddwch yn ymdill yma ddysgu'r rhaglion yma... ...y'r byddwch yma i'r byddwch yn ymdill yma... ...y'r byddwch yn ymdill yma, yna ymdill yma... ...y'r byddwch yn ymdill yma. Yn y gallwch chi eich ddw Whetherfyn yng Nghymru, ym ddweud cymaint o'r rai'r ffordd sydd i'r cyllidol o'r ffordd i'r ylweddau. A'r dyra'r cyllidol am ychydig i'r ddim yn cytwmau ar y cyfrnwys Pointgacol. Rydyn ddîll, mae yma'r prydys i'r rai'r rai'r ffordd i'ch cyfrnwys, mae'n hollur yma ar arno. fod yn cyfrwysig sydd cofnog yn bwc. Dyna ymddiwch chi'n mewn, ymlaen, ymddiwch chi'n mwythgair. Ond roedd o'n ei ddiwyddu ► o'r cyfrwysig o'r politywyr ac ymddiwyr. Roedd o'n ei ddodio'r cyfrwysig ac yr oeddur. Ond ymdd sydd ymddiwch chi'n ceisio, os ymddir i'r hubsedau gynwynPH ac yr oeddurog. Mae holl yn ymddiwch chi'n cael fynd yn bwysig ymddiwch i'r fflaen. Yn dweud intriwyr sydd at hynny, m-in gwahoddiadwyr cweitichi ar ddi gymryddargiad Bydidog, gallwysg datblygu ben zitlwyddaethu y baen. kein cadw meddwliaeth! ..oedd oedd dyn niw'r innerion wedi cofnog wedi eu ffyrddwyr yn cyd-fyrddwyr. Roeddwn ni'n ddyn ni'n unrhyw hwnnw i'r innerion yw… ..yna'r innerion wedi cael mynd i mwystaad ychydig fod yn syniad â'r innerion… ..yna yw ygoll ddodiad a'r innerion syniad a'r innerion. Mae hynny'r innerion yn y syniadwy. Fi gwaith 안에 fe ar y cyfeirio gyndedig o hynny. Y tîm honi, mae'r problema'ch cyframiad nid o'n fyddio'n gwiriaf. Mae'r bwysig yw iaith yn fyrdd. Mae hynna gwrs o'n fyrdd yn fwyafol, o'n bwysig o'r gwaith o bobl. Mae'r gwaith nad o'n bwysig o'n iaith yw'r fyrdd yw'r bwysig. Ysgolwch, o'n effeithio ddysun y papyrwyr o'r cyflym. Felly, mae'n bwrwch – eich fawr arillary – ac mae'n flynyddoch gyda siwr. Pryddoch chi am y brif, blomigwyr, lleiwyr, raddillu'r gwrs, ac mae'n blyniol fod yn losch – ac mae'n bryd pob syniadol. Mae'r rhai tyn Fyrwyr yn irwyddiadu ffannwysgolwyr yn elwydd mwylo hwnnw. Mae'r fyrwyr yn eich hyffordd ar y cyfnodwyr. y psychologically-refressed syniadau ar y dŵr, mae'r rhwysio ffynと peth sy'n gweithio ei d Tamagherd, rydyn ni lle ei ddymarfer. Diolch am gifer o syniadau mewn gwneud o syniadau, mae'n ei chyfarwch yn lle o'r llinio'r cyffreddau. Dwy'r cyffreddau syniadau syniadau ar gyfer cyffreddau, ychydigon syniadau, i'r tynno,'r cyffreddau i'r cyffreddau. E Ysgypargionol a'r Ysdegor fed modified y ciwr ar gyfer. O'n cyll Fig, am yma'r ysgolod ythafol maen nhw'n meddwl ymgyrch i'r ymwyafol. Sfyrnau'r gweithio'r cyfnwraith, yn ymwyafol, ac yn yr allan yma'r cyfrifysgol sydd yn digwydd. Mae'r ddirgwyng yn gynch yn meddwl am hyn o'r lleydd angen iawn, oedd yr wyliadau. Mae yma wedi cael ei bod wedyn yn meddwl bod oherwydd dyna'r gafyrdd yma. I bai ni'n golygiad i fi fydd y Prifysgol i'n ddweud y byddwyd i'rnghwythio a gynllwch gyda'r Rhieniad Apoedd ond y ddweud. Rwy'n re哗io'r rhieniad ar dweud. Mae'n gweld cael ysafelwyr sydd yn rhywbeth yn dweud wedi'i ddweud yn ddweud. Mae'r rhieniad ddweud osir,rhywun eich geisio,rhyw ysafelwyr nifer a'r rhieniad yn ddweud. Mae'r rhieniad yn ddweud. Mae'r rhieniad yn ddweud ar y ddweud. Fili'n 我iy o'ch bod ni'n iawn o'r ffordd. Efo'r dŵr cyffredig a bwrdd yn hynny o'r llwg, o dŵr cyffredig, o dŵr cyffredig, o dŵr cyffredig, o dŵr cyffredig, o dŵr cyffredig. Yma, mae yna, yma, dyno efo'r ffordd o'r ddod rygwyr, a fynd i gael ... Ym hyd yw'r ddafwyr yw'r haf iawn, mae arwain o'r cyffredig o gyflym hefyd, cisi Chasellu poddiwch iawn rate. Pydwch ei hun d sailurol cy mae chim demasiadolallig sydd eu sch starts poprawni'n hyfu rygwvatid y dyn duplicant a erioed f tacklu sperfannol busf oma y dylwc yw tu'n rygwydpletiaeth y fan o'u mewn erioed. Yna, mae'n unrhyw ben fod ry'n sèl razorauion hy creams, ac mae'r ffans yw'r gyddiad, ddiwr flynedd yn eich arniwll yng Nghymru. Mae'r sallwn yn yw'r fflam ac mae'r ddysgu'r ffotolaf yn cydwyddiad yn ymflwyng. Mae'r ddiddarion y Ysgwil Mac, ma'n unrhyw ddulliant i ddigio arno ar y sall. Mae'n ddiddarion iaith o'r ddamparadau yma. ilgi çeken bi'r ffotolaf bari bwda. Bu mael i sef bytyn dwyganon bwyddiwch shehirlerine dde oldu'u gwybw, Kent Merkezderine'n de, caisynilmaz bi'r sgwntu, caisynilmaz bi'r problem. Esgu i Bredi'i'r baishkanwm hwnnw's bwda wa'r muhtemela sayum wali'n mys de, onlar da biliwyrlardir. Bu Kent Merkezderine'n de, gerçekten bi'r sgwntu. Neden? Bu nokta'ya gelindi'i sorusunwch o'ch gwybwysi'n myswmdur. Bence technologin'in getri di nimetlenin yaninda technologin'in esgi kentler'e bi'r olumsuz arma'nydr. Cynky'y bu gün geni bi'r yol aisdwymysda onsekiz metleden dda'r bi'r yol aisdwmai asdda ddysun meis. Cynky'y araxlar wa'r kamionlar wa'r amha bwndan yw 100 yw evel. Hayat'y mhysdda arabala yok i ken sokaklarumys 5 metre'i di, 6 metre'i di hatta dda'r dda'r dda'r di. We binau parserle'i 20 metre'i di 15 metre'i di. We insanlar kentte bi'r bi'r lirnau olabildin ce yakun mekanlara ndiinshaatlaru'n y binau'r arnau yapu'r lardad. Ama hayat'umysda metro e ve araxlar gyddi'n sona, kentler ddyshwariwodorw a chydwlar wa'r da genis bulwarlarda kentler yaygynlauistu we bwyddu. Tb i, bunw'n laber' bwyrlikdde, sguntu shechr'n merkezini gechmysdde bwyddu'n zenginni'yle temsi'yleden ilcele'r'in basin'a eee, sguntu olalak döndu. Cunky bi'r bi'r bwyrwmys bwyrwmys beyolw'n'n bi'r bi'r bwyrwmys. Bu talhi mekanlarda'n olusio. Bu dda'r sokaklarda'n olusio. We bu dda'r sokakla'r i chersine'ki kychwch e binau'r dda'n olusio. We insanlar artik bwro hi chok economic deall olalak görmiorlar. Göremiorlar. Cunky ne konachlamaya ne de isch yapmaya müsaid zemindar olusio'r maddyglari i chyn shechr'n merkezle'n de bochaltilmys binau'r sokakla'r terkedilmys i'ch cael'e vwramys mekanla'r olalak karchwmi'n dda'r cikwior. Beyolw'n dda bu sorgunlaru yo'n yechio'n bi'r ilce. Bis wata'n basi'n wazda'n sguntu konusddu.  Buradau chi maliklerin hefsi i le, tek tek, belediya başkanolol arwag gyfraithwyddym. Fy ondara'n ffransmanlarnolwp o'lwp o'lwp o'lwmoddyn nhw sordw'n dda, ffransmanlarnol o'nlar dahi bytyn nexig bir yapu'ylau projelendir wedi'i sirece, bura yapu'n yatrwm'n bohse gyda'i e'n ddyshesi tashidwglari'n ysgoledda. Budun yw'n ysgolw'n ysgolw'n model genisdurdig. Watandaši arsa sahibi kabul eddyp, ond yw'n ysgolw'n restoration'u yapu'n ffransmanlarnolwp o'r ffransmanlarnolwp o'r ffransmanlarnolwp o'r ffransmanlarnolwp o'r ffransmanlarnolwp o'r ffransmanlarnolwp o'r ffransmanlarnolwp o'r ffransmanlarnolwp. Ysgolw'r cyfrifiadu'r cy replicationb am yndyn llaw datblygu'r modell sy'n meddwl. Felly ar fy ffyrdd y modell sydd wedi'i gael eich blwyddyn arnyn ein cyffrand i chi mewn defnyddio yn ei modell. Venrys ar gael. Beth wedi bod tikrwybod, mae hynny'n gwybod. Y sgolw'n gweithio'n pobbyd ydym yn rodynt. Felly, rwy'n fydda bod y cyfweld i'r Chif�edau Chif i'r bod yn ymweldio yn ymddangos o'r cyfrifodau ac i'r iawn. Felly, rwy'n fydda'n fawr am yr hyn, am ddod. Rwy'n rhaid i'r cwestiynau o'r cyfrifodau hyfforddiadau, ond rydym ni i'n mynd i'r cyfrifodau i'r llyffyr, ond rwy'n fydda'n dduod i chi i chi i'r cyfrifodau o'r cyfrifodau. Rwy'n fydda'n gyfrifodau o'r cyfrifodau, Mae'r cyfnod o'r cyfnod o'r cyfnod, ac rwy'n fawr o'r cyfnod o'r cyfnod o'r cyfnod.


Hi, I'm Suvi, and today I'm going to show you how to create a CESA blog. CESA blogs are a simple way to share a selection of work from students' portfolios on a public class blog, giving students a broader global audience for their work. In this video, I'll show you how to set up your class blog, how to add posts as a teacher, and as a student. Let's get started! First, you have to enable your blog in the class settings menu. So tap on the wrench in the top right corner and scroll down to class blog. Hit the enable class blog button, and here you can create your blog. Tap create your blog, and let's name our blog. Second grade superstars is a great name for my blog, and let's add that at the end of the URL as well. Here I'm going to pick a web address so people can access my blog on the internet. Tap the green check to save your URL, and here I'll choose my blog settings. You can enable comments on your class blog. By default, CESA blogs are public on the internet. Anyone who visits your URL will be able to view your blog content. If you want to restrict access to your blog, you can password protect it. If your blog is password protected, users must enter in the password you've given them to access your blog. You can change your blog settings anytime by tapping the wrench icon to access your class settings menu. Let's tap the green check to publish your blog. Woohoo! Your blog is created! Now is the fun part. Let's customize our blog with a header and description. To customize your blog, tap the gear icon right next to the green plus. You can add a description or select an image to use as a header. Tap the green check mark. And there's our blog header image. Tap the X to save. As a reminder, it's very simple to switch from the journal view to the blog view of your CESA class. Now let's add items to our CESA class blog. Tap the journal. And you can add any item to your CESA class blog by tapping the globe icon underneath the post you want to share. Let's try it. Tap the globe. And choose publish to blog. Now you can see this has been tabbed as publish to blog. And if I tap on my blog, I'll see that item right there. Let's practice how students are able to add items to the class blog. Students can also post to the blog. This is a great way to give students additional ownership over their CESA portfolio and introduce them to blogging and digital citizenship. All items that students post to the blog require teacher approval before they go live on the blog. Students can post an item to the blog by tapping the globe icon underneath the item they want to share. As a student, they'll choose their item and tap the globe icon. They'll choose publish to blog. And you can see a pending approval has been added to this post. That means that from the teacher perspective, the teacher will have to approve this item to go live onto the blog. And now back to the teacher for approval. Back to the teacher view, I have one unapproved item. And this is the item my student wanted to publish to the blog. Let's review it. Tap review. And you can see my item has a publish to blog header at the top of it. If you don't approve of this item being added to the blog, you can tap the red trash can to either delete the item from the class or remove it from the blog. If you approve that the item can be added to the class blog, tap the green checkmark. Now it's been added to the blog. If you switch to the blog tab, we can see the item there and any item that we've previously published. You can delete items off of your blog from the blog view by tapping the blog icon and choosing remove. And now our item has been deleted off of our blog. It's so easy to publish and remove items from your CSaw class blog. Your students can also view your blog by clicking on the blog tab in their CSaw app or on the CSaw website. Other visitors can visit your blog on the web by typing in your blog URL to any browser. And don't forget for each new year when you create your new class, you need a new blog with a new URL. Sharing your blog URL is a perfect way to share your favorite classroom work with your broader school and other classrooms and learning communities around the world. If you create a blog, please share it with us through social media. We would love to see your students work. You can find us on Twitter at CSaw, on Instagram at CSaw Learning, and on Facebook.