Cavalry, a four-footed blitzkrieg, fast-moving, hard-hitting. The idea then was, get the fastest means available of moving over varied terrain, and build a fighting unit around that mobility. Times changed, but today the idea is exactly the same. Only now the cavalry moves on the wind, and the saddle trooper has become the sky trooper. Air Mobile is the military word for such a unit, and the Army's first such combat division is now in being. The first cavalry division, Air Mobile, the new first team. Okay, move out. Published activating a new unit, being known as the First Cavalry Division. For more than a decade after the first cav was born at Fort Bliss, Texas, it remained a horse cavalry unit. But World War II was on its way to change all that. By 1943, when the first cav arrived in Queensland, Australia for last-minute training before combat, it was organized and functioning as an infantry unit, but it kept the name First Cavalry Division. On foot, it fought its way through the Admiralty's campaign. New Guinea, Los Negros. Late 1944, on to the Philippines. Late in the early 1945, Luzon. Manila was liberated, and the next step for the first cav. When the first team rolled into Tokyo in September of 1945, it brought with it the scars and know-how of 521 days active combat. Through the rest of the 40s, the first cav pulled occupation duty in Japan. Then came June 1950 to fight a delaying action until an aroused free world could react in strength. The breakout from the Pusan perimeter came, the first team led the way. 102 miles in 21 hours, the fastest advance in the history of arms. And on the way, they knocked out 13 enemy tanks and captured some 200 North Korean troops. They linked up with the 7th infantry at Osan. Then they kept moving, north. By year's end, the North Korean forces were defeated. But Chinese faces were beginning to appear south of the Yalu, and a whole new war began. Again, it was pullback. Through the months that followed until the Truestalks began and the war became stabilized, the first cavs stayed and fought. In December of 1951, the first cavalry was shipped back to Japan, a nice Christmas present. Until 1957, the first team would remain in Japan, garrison duty, spit and polish. But also the constant demand to be fully ready for action. Should the call to action come, field training was not overlooked. The last formal review in Japan was held in August 1957. American forces were leaving the islands of Nippon, but not the Far East. Back to Korea, this time to help stand guard over the uneasy truce signed three years before. The grass had grown deep in the unused valleys of the demilitarized zone. But death still waited for the unwary or the unauthorized. Routine work, but work which the continuing tensions of the Far East made urgently necessary. In 1957, the men who kept watch over the DMZ in Korea were little aware that in Vietnam, a situation was developing which would one day deeply affect the first team. By the Communist Viet Cong, and it progressed to full-scale guerrilla warfare, aimed at overthrowing the South Vietnamese government. It was the latest tactic in communism's drive to dominate all of Asia. They called it a war of liberation. The Vietnamese government asked for equipment and advisers to help them meet this new aggression. With jungle and mountain terrain working to the advantage of guerrilla forces, ways had to be found to counterbalance that advantage. Superior equipment and mobility soon emerged as a major part of the answer. The most good has always depended on his ability to overcome the impersonal hostility of terrain. 500 years BC, a Chinese tactician named Sun Tzu said, rapidity is the essence of war. To get from here to there faster has been the struggle of armies since armies began. And so at Fort Benning, Georgia, a revolutionary concept in army organization was to be tried out. Commanding the new test division was an able professional. Major General Harry Conard, a West Pointer who had known combat in Normandy and Bastone, and wore the eagles of a full Colonel before he was 30. In the early summer of 1962, the Secretary of Defense directed that a study be made to determine in essence how best to move our troops over normally impassable terrain with the speed that will be required on a modern battlefield. General Hamilton H. Howes, then commander of the 18th Airborne Corps, was appointed to head a board of distinguished officers to make this study and offer recommendations. As a result of the study, refined by subsequent field tests, experiments, and war games, a revolutionary means of maneuver was born. The Army Air Mobility Concept. General Conard saw to it that this new concept got a thorough shakedown, beginning with the men who would have to make the concept come alive in the field. Here in the 11th Air Assault Division were the seeds of what was to become the new first team. There was a confidence course for the pilots and aircraft of the new unit, too. Practice were an important part of the curriculum. After the new division was tailored for its particular job. The OH-13 Su, for example, agile, quick, lightly armed, and ideal reconnaissance and observation aircraft. The rugged and versatile UH-1, called the Huey, would be the Skytroopers' prime means of transport. It, too, could take advantage of terrain. Going where no truck or armored personnel carrier could travel, using terrain features for cover, adding a vital new dimension to movement in a battle area. For CH-47, the Chinook would add beef to the lifting power of the Air Mobile Unit, whether for carrying troops, vehicles, or heavy weapons. The CH-54 Sky Crane could move up to 10 tons at a time. The People Pod attachment would house 58 soldiers with full combat gear. The fixed-wing Mohawk, crammed with electronic and photographic reconnaissance gear, would give fast, long-range scouting capabilities. The rugged Mohawk was designed to work from the kind of rough short airstrip, which can be quickly bulldozed out of an open field. And the same was true of the larger tactical cargo aircraft, the Kerabu, able to stop almost as soon as its wheels touched down. 434 aircraft in all would give the Air Mobile Division more than four times the airlift of an infantry division, with the ability to put a full one-third of its 16,000 fighting men into the air at a time with their equipment. That was the general concept. And for three years it was put up against every conceivable obstacle and difficult. The very terrain of the Fort Benning Reservation was an ideal test laboratory. In the course of those years, the radical new concept was tested in 83 major field exercises, tests, war games. Realism was the keynote, a necessity because important questions had to be truly answered. How well can armed copters protect the troop carriers flying escort on the point and flanks? What is the best balance of mobility, manpower, firepower? Where are the weaknesses, the undiscovered vulnerabilities? Where the special strength, the answers were sought and found and retested as men and machines were welded by action into a fighting force of a truly new kind. Sky Trooper came into being. Force could be delivered to battle sharp and ready, not half exhausted by the terrain they had to cover on the way in. With practice the timing got sharper. Reinforcing waves would come in fast, unload in seconds, and start back for more. But what could be done with practice, they did. They learned to keep an operation going once it was started. The necessities of combat, against the day when those necessities would be urgently real. They tested the capacities of their airlift, the ability to maintain in a combat environment the machines on which mobility depends. They demonstrated the startling swiftness with which an air mobile commander can reconnoiter gather the field intelligence without which any commander, however bold or skillful, must be a man groping in the dark. Possibilities were explored, evaluated, proven. A new kind of fighting force to work the bugs out of a radical concept. And in the end to provide the United States Army with a working practical realization of that concept. The need was vital and immediate, well within the allotted time it was met. 1965 at Fort Benning, Georgia, the first cavalry division air mobile came into being. In a matter of days the orders came down. The new first team was to be on its way. Destination? Vietnam. Men and machines to the various ports from which they would embark for Southeast Asia. By bus. By train. And in convoys of their own vehicles they fanned out toward the sea. It is no small matter to prepare and then transport the machines of an army division by sea. Even an air mobile division whose weight of equipment is only about a third that of a standard infantry division. At ports on the eastern seaboard the aircraft of the division and white cocoons to protect them from salt air and spray were loaded aboard carriers for the sea voyage to Vietnam. The protective cocoons were just one more of the many special techniques needed to handle the new air mobile concept in practice. Each part of the team knew its job. The loading went forward with a disciplined economy of time and effort. No protective covering was needed for the aircraft which were to be carried on the interior hangar decks. Day by day the work went on. The proficiency of loading teams increased. The rhythm of loading picked up its tempo. After narrow crate of rotor blades followed the copters aboard. The fixed wing Mohawks joined the division's rotor-borne aircraft. The timetable was demanding but it was met. The final lashings were secured on schedule and the first cavalry division air mobile was ready to go. In Vietnam a place was being prepared for them. The advance party of a thousand men and 254 tons of equipment had been airlifted to a place called An Ki. Their job, prepare a giant heliport and airstrip for the first team here in the heart of the Viet Cong infested central highlands. It took a lot of equipment, ammunition, supplies, mountains of barbed wire, thousands of gallons of fuel. Again time was short but the job got done. The first team was about to become the largest single concentration of fighting men and machines in Southeast Asia since the French had left in 1954. Elsewhere at Cameran Bay, 190 miles north of Saigon, an engineering miracle was taking place. With some 15 miles of smooth beaches it was being transformed from one of the world's most underdeveloped natural harbors into the central supply point for all U.S. forces in Vietnam. Here would be the headquarters of logistics, a jet runway more than two miles long able to handle the largest jet transports and bombers. And barracks, administrative facilities for a port destined to equal the capacity of Charleston Harbor back in the states. The local business enterprise was putting down its roots in anticipation of a growing market. The first team's crossing was without mishap, their arrival on schedule. After the enforced inactivity of the trip, the renewed demands of a timetable, preparing the copters for fly-off came as a welcome change. The choppers lifted off for the short flight to shore. From the troopships, landing craft ferried the men of the division to the beach. The new first team was only weeks old when the main body of its 16,000 men began unloading onto Vietnamese soil. They were a welcome and much-needed addition to the American fighting strength. And the commander of United States forces in Vietnam, General Westmoreland, was there in person to greet them. The next step, airlift to the division area at An Ki. Once again, the division was traveling as it had been designed to travel, bringing a fight to an enemy in a faster, more agile, harder-hitting way than ever before. Now they would begin to do what they had trained to do. Now a new testing was to begin. The enemy they faced now was real, and they went to search him out, trained to fight on the earth, but able to move above it. They were freed, as never before in military history, from the tyranny of terrain. In minutes, they were approaching the objective area in this area. The first team's mission was tersely descriptive, search and destroy. The initial wave was landed, the second wave moved in. The timing was right. The months of planning and practice were paying off. Because the objective area had been reached by air, the Sky Troopers could begin their mission with full reserves of strength. And this was terrain which made heavy demands. The search had to be thorough. The enemy had benefit of many years of practice in the art of remaining unseen. Stream by stream, and village by village, the sweep of the objective area was carried forward. They had to search for the enemy, but to bring the active friendship and support of the American forces to the people of the remote villages, from whom the enemy had gained support through promises or threats. The primary mission remained, however, as the book defines it, to close with and destroy the enemy. From the start, they proved their ability to do just that, inflicting a heavy ratio of casualties on the Viet Cong, capturing weapons, depriving the enemy of the tools of aggression. As always, a price to be paid. But that price was the less because of the determination and skill that the men of the new first team brought to their job. Troopers learned fast the hard way, but the only way was the beginning in Vietnam. But the job of the new first team goes on. There can be no let up until the enemy finally is brought to the realization that the aggression he has begun in Vietnam will cost him more than he can pay. The men of the first cavalry intend to do what they can to bring that lesson home. A radical concept in military organization has proven itself. It is an important step in a world where the speed with which a fighting force can react in the field can be the deciding factor in victory. The new air mobile division is not a replacement for its heavier infantry counterpart. But it is, like the old cavalry, a fast, hard-hitting doer of special jobs. A new agile, important addition to the versatile combat capability of the United States Army. The first cavalry division air mobile. The new first team.


Hey y'all, welcome back to the Fire and Water Cooking Channel, I'm Darren and believe it or not, somebody challenged me, Meathead, over at Meathead's channel, challenged me to a cook and I guess what they did was a non-vegan sandwich. Somebody had challenged him to do a non-vegan sandwich and he did a big old nasty burger and you can see his video linked in the description below, I mean he made a big old huge burger with all different kinds of meats and used ham as a bun. I'm not going to go that kind of crazy but what I'm going to do is I'm actually going to use some things that I made homemade from scratch that you can see in some of the other videos that I'll post up in the cards above. One of them is going to be a video I just did not too long ago with my homemade beer and cheddar brats, I'm going to use that in the sandwich, my homemade bacon that I made myself, I'm going to chop up some of that and use that in the sandwich and I just did a roast that I sous vide and seared, so I'm going to do some roast beef, then I'm going to make some onions and peppers and a nice mustard sauce to go with the brats that are going to go real well but we're going to put it, we're going to make it like a beef, you know everything is a beef except for the peppers and onions and bratwurst, bacon, beef and burrito so I'm going to make it in a burrito shell, make it kind of easy to cook it on the Kamado Joe today on the griddle and make it all merry all real well together so let me get it all set up and I'll be back guys. All right guys the grill is almost up the temp and I got my bacon my beef my brats and what I'm going to do with my brats I'm going to go ahead and slice them in half just so we can get them to cook about the same time as the bacon gets done so I'm just going to give it a nice slice so we can lay it on the grill flat just don't want that being raw in the middle so just a nice slice there not all the way through just enough so I can lay them flat and what I decided to do also is I added I don't have any fresh mushrooms today I didn't get to go to the store yesterday but I had some canned mushrooms I threw some of those in with the peppers and onions I put my mustard sauce together which is real easy all I did is I took two tablespoons of mayonnaise a tablespoon of golden spicy brown you can use Dijon you can use any kind of mustard you like and then about a about a two teaspoons of Worcestershire sauce and just mix that up that'll make a nice little sauce for our sandwich I'm going to go ahead and season this all together on the grill with my beef rub which is salt pepper and garlic a little olive oil and we're going to toss some of this Mexican style shredded cheese from Costco on there and then we're going to throw it all on a burrito shell and eat it up so I'm getting ready to go out and throw all this stuff on the grill pretty good up to temp right now and I'm going to throw the two things on here but I know we're going to take the longest to cook one of them being the bratwurst so I'm going to put a little oil down see how that's shimmering and they're sizzling already and my bacon so that's going to take a little bit don't need any oil down for that I'm going to let them cook up a little bit before we throw anything else guys my bacon and sausage pretty much done bacon's nice and crispy I'm going to go ahead and throw my veggies on especially some of that bacon grease and olive oil this on there these won't take long I'm going to hit them with a little bit of the beef rub salt pepper garlic and I put my bacon and sausage over here keep warm just get all nice and sweat it down I'm going to go ahead and throw my beef over on this side so it can start heating up I'm going to hit that with a little bit of the rub not too much I don't want it too salty and we're going to let that cook up a couple minutes got my mushrooms and peppers and onions are all nice and sweated down real good and I meet these already to go think of what I'm going to do put some of this cheese put a little bit on all of it then we'll mix it all up in the burrito shell we'll put a little bit on everything here and let it all melt down and we'll take it off and take it inside make it look like it's nice and melted I'm going to go ahead and take all this stuff off put it on the pan and we're going to take it in there and build our sandwich man that looks good I don't know if it beats meatheads burger but this is going to be a pretty darn good I got it back in here and it is ready got my burrito shell warmed up a little bit just toss it in the microwave just to get it kind of nice and warm so I'm going to take this sandwich if you look it's pretty big it's got that two pieces of sausage got the bacon roast beef onions peppers mushrooms boy I don't know if it's gonna fit in that one burrito shell it's pretty big I want to try it I'll make it like a big old beef and bacon and pork taco I'm gonna put a little bit of this sauce on there it's gonna be kind of messy hope you guys are ready for this put a nice dose of the sauce on all right we get a paper towel I know I'm gonna need it this is gonna be ugly smells delicious though well my paper towel fell need another one all right guys let me get a bite of this still kind of hot some of that sauce in there that's a big boy got bratwurst bacon beef onions peppers mushrooms cheese mustard sauce and here we go so nice and hot yeah that's pretty pretty delicious taste that bratwurst homemade bratwurst homemade bacon homemade roast beef cheese on a burrito well here you have it guys I hope this challenge was fulfilling I'm gonna go ahead and tag a couple and down below in the description but Eric at Smoke Kings one of them I'm also gonna tag I think I'm gonna don't know if they've been tagged in this yet rye from cooking with rye I'm gonna tag him as well so I might pick out another one down the road but look down below guys check out all the stuff that this was was in this follow us on Facebook follow us on Instagram and like subscribe and hit the bell for notifications I'll see you again soon


So I saw Drake putting up some shots at the Raptors practice facility and I immediately thought to myself, yo, I gotta get in the lab and try it out in 2K. But there's some characteristics about Drake's jump shot that's very different from what you would expect in a game. One, he doesn't get too high off the ground, it almost feels like he shoots like a set shot. He has a very square cubicle type form. So immediately, I'm in the lab now, I decided to go with amateur nine for the base. I knew that for the bases I was gonna have to dive deep into either the set shots or the amateur shots because no NBA player shoots like Drake shoots. Amateur nine is great because that step forward adds some momentum so that he can gain some power going up for his shot. He has that square cubicle feel. Also, I decided to slow the release down a little bit because Drake doesn't have a fast release. For the release one, I ended up going with Kobe Bryant. For the simple reason that Drake pulls the ball back before he tosses the ball forward. He has a two motion shot. Two players came up in mind immediately when I thought of that. It was either KD or Kobe Bryant and in this case, Kobe fits better. And for the release two, I ended up going with Paul George and the only reason I chose Paul George is because of Drake's follow-through. Drake's follow-through, he had the little hand and then he let it wag as he walked backwards. So immediately, those two follow-throughs on 2K are either Kyrie Irving or Paul George. In this instance, I felt like Kyrie's release didn't really match what Drake was shooting like so I opted for Paul George. There's a cool 30-70 split. I recommend you try the jump shot out, but I'm gonna put it on. My guy Vortex and Davis put the jump shot on. Let's get into the park. DJ Academic's tweeted out a video of Drake putting up some shots. I'm like, Drake, you play basketball? I didn't know about that. So we put on Drake's jump shot, literally verbatim and we're on the park. Hopefully we can make some moves and drop some folks off. We'll see how good or horrible it is. Is that Drake or is that Vortex?  It's Drake y'all. Raptors, let's go. You're kind of cranky, agent. I don't even see you. What? What do I do? Okay, I was playing Fortnite. Now I'm playing 2K. Of course, I'm cranky.  Oh, Joe, you got shot right there. You should have shot that, my guy. You need screens or no? Hey, Dwight, have I ever needed screens? Green! What the f- What? What? That's me! Look, now he's gonna guard me out here.  That was a horrible release. Give me that, though. Grieba, Grieba. Wow, unbelievable. Unbelievable! That was God's plan. That was God's plan. God's plan. Iso, Hippity Hop action up top. That's our big man. His man is sagging. He's disrespecting the jumper. Davis is Hippity Hopping. He pulls up! Oh, he breaks the shot.  And he missed. Let's go, let's go, let's go. More greens, more greens, more greens. Green, let's go. Get shot! I'm out of court. That's what I'm up to! God's plan, God's plan. What you got for a text? Back out? Back out? That's me. That's me. Oh, my God. That's me, baby. Baby! Back out? Who is she? Green! Yo, this release is so booty cheeks and impossible to time. Green? Uh-huh. Oh, that was supposed to be a pump fake. This release is so impossible to time. Oh! Bake is open! That's 230. It's gold. Base 8. Base 8. He needs to put on the... Okay. Alright, inbound. Vortex. Behind the back pass to Agent. Agent on the double team is going to kick it. Off-ball screen. Vortex in the corner wide open. Catch it, dude! Bang! Look at it, look at it, look at it. Bang! That's you, Vortex. Finish it. Game, game, game, game. Shoot it. Shoot it. Look at this. Oh, my God. Contested. That's me. Oh! Release is some cheeks, man. So, let's look at how we shot as a team. Well, that shot fantastic, for sure. 5 for 16 from 3. Okay. Just a little bit... A little bit better than 33%. Yeah. That's it. That's me. I'm better than Angel, I'm better than 33%. Lo would be proud of that joke, man. Imagine playing 3,000 games and losing more than you want. Just imagine. Here we go. There's a midi. Oh, back in the corner. Agent. That's a bot team. That's a bot team. Bang! It's a 2. I know. I just wanted to celebrate it anyway. Yeah. Your Honor Obama, blue 43, 6'9". Oh, that plays too OP, though. Yeah, right. There it is. Bang! Pick up. Oh. I'm going to make a video. Just the newest number of SSH. Right here. No way. Right here. Green light. Are we back? Right, dude, bro. Don't even get me started, bro. What you got? Ooh. Ooh. I know you see the athletic wide open. Okay. Well, that's straight cash. Green. Green. Green. How is that possible, man? Damn. Your defense is not as good. I might have been picking my nose right there. I'm not going to lie. Let's go. Eat the booger. Only Kobe fans do that. Come on. Let's go. Only Kobe fans.  It's beating the throat, huh? Yeah. Stop saying that. I'm opening a move. Yo, do you see the finesse? Oh, my God. I see that. Kind of. Three seconds. I got a board. Ooh. Ooh. Oh, kill him.  You can't be coming from mid-range right now.  Oh, damn. Wide open. Wide open. Game winner. Inside, inside, inside. Agent A. Game winner. Green. What do you guys think? Do you guys think I should do more chest workouts? I feel like my chest is underdeveloped. Oh, that is quite interesting. They're so weird. He's 3 and 41. Oh, yeah, that's right. Board text. Board text. Wide open. Let's hit that. There we go. 21 on 10. Let's go. Whose man's that score is the real question? Yeah, yeah, yeah. It's not. Well, it's going to be yours when you jump like that. David, you played yourself because we're just looking at what's going on. Unbelievable. You were guarding him, too. Unbelievable. Unbelievable. Unbelievable. Oh, wow. Green. This jump route is so bad. Keep passing it back. Did you tip it? Oh, I know you see Davis. Bop. There we go, David. Davis. The drive. Oh, that's me. You know that's me. You know that's me. Board text. Wide open. Three ball. Oh, I know you see me, though. One more. Oh, there you go. I know it's jump shot. Look at this player. He has a face. Almost won it, didn't he? I'm scared, bro. I thought we made the agreement.  Yeah, we talked about that. Definitely. Bang! Nowhere to go, son. You need stops like this, man. Oh, wow. Oh, my God. Board text. You got called by someone with the 81%. Take that out of the video. Take that out of the video. No. Green. Beans, too? Oh, you can't redeem yourself. Oh, you can't redeem yourself from that, man. Look at these releases, man. Oh, jeez. I just feel bad for these guys. They haven't watched one jump shot video of mine, man. Yo, I challenge everyone watching this video to try it.  You got to put it on slow as well. Don't forget that. Yo, we're losing, dude. Please make this. Please make this. Drake. Oh. That's how you know it's a garbage release. It's no threes. No threes. No threes. No threes. You're right there. Oh, boy. It's unbelievable. Yo, look at that. What do you think? I'll set your screen again. Hold on. Come here. Set. Kobe. Set. Kobe. Back out the way, Alan. These three pointer. Green. Bang! I would have actually literally went into depression if we lost it. Like most games, I don't care. But the fact that he's 141. Three in the key? That was two. I got a two or three. I found you dead. Step forward. He does this. Bugger me out, man. So terrible. What does that mean? Oh, yeah. I should pass the ball. Great defense, Vortex. You're on a roll, man. I'm a green. Oh, that's a player. Step back. Oh, my God. I agree. Oh! Wow! I think they're trying to win the game for some reason. Damn, Vortex. How many times do you got to get dunked on, bro? It's been a long day. He disrespect you to jump shot. You don't want to do that. Hey, he did this! Let's go! He's going to respect that drink jumper, man.  Vax! It's actually... Are you going to talk five more times? You open the... Yes! I love working people down low with a sharp, bro. You know what? I'll play defense against the progression. This is your one. Wow! I didn't even mean to do that. No way. That was a really good move. Damn! The verdict is this. The jump shot is garbage. It's one of those jump shots that is impossible at the time, and even when you time it, you still don't get the shot on.  All the badges in human history light up so you can consistently make that shot, which is not going to happen. You don't get off the floor so you can't shoot through contest.  Here's what I'm saying. Drake. You might hit that in real life, but on 2K, it's a brick. I'm gonna catch y'all later. I'm out. Peace. Say peace, guys!


Hi everyone and welcome to our second training in our series for the Mellon Foundation funded expanding information access for incarcerated people grant project. I'm Junie Austin with San Francisco Public Libraries Geo and Reentry Services Department and today we're going to be highlighting the work of prison librarians from across the United States to provide some models and some training on the types of services that are available and the types of services that it's possible to create. We're going to open the training by hearing from Ray James about his lived experience with incarceration and as a librarian and then we'll move on to presentations from librarians who are in the field. If you would like to receive professional development credit for this video please go to the American Library Association's learning management system. We'll put the link in the description for this video and if you watch the video through that platform you'll be able to receive a certificate of participation to share with your employer and with that I will pass to Ray. Hello my name is Delvin Ray James but at the turn of the century I was 26930013 while serving a 70 month sentence in federal prison for a recoh charge related to meth and cocaine I decided to become a librarian. Everyone from my family, fellow incarcerated people and my supervised release officer discouraged me. Despite my age and lack of resources I made that dream happen by graduating from the University of Texas at Austin School of Information in 2007 with a Master of Science in Information Studies. Amazing serendipity made Dr. Loreen Roy my advisor. The year I was graduated the American Library Association chose her as president and she took me to Washington DC as a part of her presidential party. She introduced me to ALA and particularly a group called the Prisoners Forum where this formerly incarcerated person found a family with carceral librarians. One of those librarians shortly thereafter asked me to help her write the prisoner's right to read and interpretation of the library Bill of Rights and help move it through ALA. The document quotes Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall. When the prison gates slam behind an inmate he does not lose his human quality. His mind does not become closed to ideas. His intellect does not cease to feed on free and open interchanges of opinions. His yearning for self-respect does not end nor is his quest for self-realization concluded. If anything the needs for identity and self-respect are more compelling in the dehumanizing prison environment. Prisoners' right to read was the first recent commitment by ALA to protecting the first amendment rights of incarcerated people. ALA is now finishing standards for library services for incarcerated and detained with states. We believe these standards are attainable and necessary for incarcerated or detained users and the librarians volunteers and educators who serve their information needs. Others have joined the fight for these rights including the Mellon Foundation which has committed millions of dollars to several programs. Pin America is deeply involved in the issue as the Marshall Project. Individuals such as Reginald Duane Betts have committed to such projects as Freedom Reads which has placed over 60 cell-based libraries in prisons with the ambitious goal of placing a library in every American carceral institution. Now retired I focused much of my time on the first amendment rights of incarcerated people. As I was becoming a librarian I considered working in prison but an honest self-assessment made me realize that I could not bear to hear that gate slam closed behind me. I decided to commit to doing as much as I could on the outside to help those still inside. I recently helped write the IFLA guidelines for library services for two prisoners the international standard for prison libraries with so many organizations and people turning their attention to the rights of incarcerated people. I have real hope that a significant improvements will come soon. Great. Thank you so much for sharing your life story with us and your life's work. I know that everything that we're doing through this training series builds on the work that you have done both with ALA and surrounding library services for incarcerated people and we just really appreciate you for being such an advocate for this work. I'm also for place setting the presentations that are going to come for the rest of this training. Thank you for joining us. I am Erin Boynton and I work with the Colorado State Libraries unit for institutional library development and we are a team of four librarians and an admin part-time admin who are part of the Colorado Department of Education. My background personally I attended the University of Washington's iSchool and came straight out of grad school into the Sterling Correctional Facility Libraries way up in what I call the Nebraska part of Colorado with no mountains and started working there. After that and that was a Department of Correction's job actually. After that I came to work for the State Library supporting institutional libraries and I'm now in Denver. I work primarily with adult institutions. We serve any state-funded institution that has a library so for institutionalized people so people in mental health hospitals, veterans community living centers etc are also under our purview but I mostly work with the adults in the CDOC the Colorado Department of Corrections. I'm active in the American Library Association and right now I'm actually working with a big group of people including Ray on the updated standards for prison libraries which we hope will get a vote in Chicago this year. All right so you get a little bit of sense of the area that my team covers. We serve about 30,000 Coloradans in 40 state-funded institutions all over the place. Here I am in Denver kind of the center top. I started up way up there in Sterling and we've got libraries all the way down to Trinidad near the border and then even all the way over in Grand Junction. So you can see it's quite a range that we have to cover for our and these are just for our prison libraries. My team has developed a model statement and our goal is to serve people who can't easily get resources elsewhere and we really want our libraries to look as much like public libraries as as possible so that when people get out they know what libraries do and they can take advantage of those resources that are out there in the communities for them. So as you can see my team in ILD keeps track of fund statistics like budget. We create reports and we buy materials for all of our libraries. We're always looking to improve the budgets we have for our libraries and get something that's at least comparable to what people can receive on the outside. This partnership has existed between the State Library and the Colorado Department of Corrections since at least the 1980s if not earlier. That was about as far back as I could find evidence of. And we're always trying to provide more and better access and new things. This picture on the right you can see my teammate Molly Bassford. She is delivering brand new launch pads to the Denver Complex Librarian Victoria Parnell who's there on the left. Launch pads are a playway product that come preloaded with games, graphic novels, general education, language learning. And we receive some budget thanks to the ARPA American Rescue Plan Act funds and tried to really focus on improving access to technology. This is a new kind of technology on the which on the outside you know we're used to all kinds of technology coming and going but in prisons it just doesn't exist in the same way so we're really excited that our facilities are excited to get these and that these materials are actually getting into the hands of residents. Molly chose the topic, she catalogued them and she's been hand delivering them across the state because since the pandemic our courier has been a little iffy so it's not always easy to get these nice new things to our libraries. Another cool thing that I'm really excited about because look how pretty and colorful it is. We also purchase switches, accessories and games for our libraries. The first few have been delivered and the goal is to provide in library programming with these. We provide tools for staff accreditation as well for the accreditation that prisons go through. Colorado currently uses the American Correctional Association accreditation so we give them documents all the statistics that we keep track of and are doing this through a website now and trying to keep everything as bright and modern looking as possible. You can also see that we provide right now it's an intranet just for our CDOC library folks but we're trying to expand it to the other institutions that we serve including the Division of Youth Services and this is a place where we try to give them info relevant to how to do their jobs, the things that they always come and ask us questions for whenever we get new staff and getting new staff is kind of just part of the job and training new staff is something that is a big part of my job as well. Last year we went through a migration and got a new integrated library system, our new library software. So we're trying to teach them how to make use of this, we're also trying to improve it so again it looks like what people can expect to see on the outside. You can see that top thing didn't find it on the OPAC is actually a form that residents have access to through their library computers and OPACs and they can submit names and subjects of books that they think their library should have and that has been very popular. We just rolled it out last week and we've already gotten dozens of things because as soon as you give somebody who's incarcerated a tool to make their lives better they will make good use of it so we're really excited to spend about a quarter of our budget just on patron-driven acquisitions and buying materials that way. We have taken on some huge projects in the last few years in a large part because we have tons of vacancies like many libraries. We have 34 positions statewide and 13 of those turned over in 2022. I would say maybe a quarter to a third are still vacant and we're just struggling to get those to get those positions filled again. So we want our libraries to get books on the shelves. All of these boxes you see came from one library that had been struggling with vacancies for many years in Buna Vista way up in the mountains. So we got two carloads of books took them back organized them and purchased materials to process them laminate glue all that all that good stuff. There were about 1300 books all told and we did a statewide training with them where they learned new and safety friendly ways to process books. If you're ever if you're interested in that you work with correctional libraries we're happy to provide that training. It's a way of processing hardcover books that allows even the people in the highest security levels to still be able to get those books which is our goal because we know a lot of nonfiction never even gets a paperback run. So we want to make things available no matter what the format no matter what the restrictions people are living under. So the training gave staff a chance to learn things hands-on learn the new system we're cataloging in. ILD also does really fun projects like and really work intensive projects like helping with renovations. This library in these pictures is the Colorado State Penitentiary Library which primarily provides delivery but also gets visits from people who live in an incentive unit where they do the jobs around the facility like cooking the meals and doing other sorts of things like that. You can see it's really small it used to have compact shelving which obviously doesn't work very well when you have actual patrons visiting the library. So you can see that laptop computer is there for use for our resident clerks who process the deliveries. So and that's a wireless connection as well in that library which you know eventually all of our libraries are going to have wireless connections and workstations that look more like that than a big like a big beachhead of a reference desk that we often see in many older libraries. We want to get our libraries to look like this where they're friendly and colorful and modern looking as well. And this is another example of something an innovative space in a library that is opening in a facility that closed and is reopened is called the beacon. The beacon is going to be mostly it's very minimum center so not even a fence around it mostly resident run so there isn't going to be a full-time library staff person here and these shelves that you can see are actually in the hallways in the living units so residents can go and check out their own books and eventually we want to have computers available for them with a wireless self-check connection which is kind of cool we've wanted to do self-check for a long time in all of our libraries even the ones that are staffed because it's kind of a radical idea to trust somebody who's so as little trusted as people who are incarcerated are often we we want them to have that model because we know self-check is a thing in public libraries even if you want to go order in McDonald's you often have to interact with a kiosk and so getting that level of access to technology and seeing how it goes and getting a chance to experience it while you're still incarcerated we think is a great way to bring the outside in and prepare people better for the transition they're making when they're going to re-enter so it's pretty radical we came we unboxed we put books in order it was a lot of work that all the books came from a library at a facility that had just closed this is my colleague Teresa Allen putting books on the shelves in January before residents were really there but we had a couple residents who were helping us out that day too which was pretty fun and this is yet another library we're in the midst of reopening the Centennial Correctional Facility South as you can see on the right it's already open for business and we have patrons in there all the time even though space is not quite what we want it to be the shelving is kind of not built for that space and we are working on plans that will better meet user needs at that specific facility the CC of South is also awaiting its collection also with ARPA funds last year we purchased about 7400 titles for an opening day collection just for this library and they are all waiting in the basement of our building because they need to be processed they need to have that secure processing for the hard covers and they need to be catalogued and all that good stuff we've got a couple rounds of volunteers from other units in the state library are going to help us out but here you can see Molly on the left and Theresa Allen on the right this was just us receiving the books in the basement to make sure that we got everything that we had purchased with those funds so we're going to get those cataloged for staff at that library and then we're going to hand deliver the books just the same way we did with the collection at Buna Vista those are just a few of the projects we've worked on most recently during our time at my time at the Colorado State Library and ones that we have fun pictures of we are always happy to help people answer get their questions answered that's a big part of our job is providing support and expertise to people all over the place including nationally so if you have questions don't hesitate that email address goes to me to my colleagues that you saw on the screen there and then also to our supervisor Renee Barnes thank you all for your time welcome my name is Christy Scott I currently supervise three Colorado Department of Corrections facilities libraries to include La Vista Correctional Facility San Carlos Correctional Facility and the Youth Full Offender System I have worked with the Colorado Department of Corrections libraries adult libraries since 2009 and in 2018 I began working with the youth libraries are huge promoters of education and creative programs we are constantly changing and evolving to provide the best possible outcome for the incarcerated individual we are able to offer read to the children the read to the children allows the individuals who are approved to select and read a book to their child their niece their nephew their grandchild their sibling the children's books are usually received through donations and the individual sets an appointment that works for them and the library schedule and they come in and read and record a video to send to their family member this is a great way for family reunification they will return to the library to create that recording and the library staff along with the library workers will use power director and create a DVD to send home to that family member the downside binding a DVD player the upside it is a great way and huge accomplishment to assist individuals with early literacy skills and to become successful readers and lifelong learners we are also able to offer interlibrary loans interlibrary loan program is offered through the Colorado State Library we're able to request many materials such as CDs DVDs audio books and other books that are not available in their collection from any public or color department corrections library as well as any library across the state the nation this program can take time to receive due to delivery issues weather delays and staffing issues otherwise it is a huge and wonderful resource for obtaining materials not readily available in their collection we have recently began offering music program we began with a resource kit offered through the Colorado State Library that consisted of eight ukuleles once there was an interest for this program staff requested approval to purchase instruments to be housed in the library we currently offer these items only in the library for checkout and hope in the future we could check out to the units however sometimes it's a security issue and security is number one the Colorado State Library also purchased two new ukuleles and a keyboard for la vista correctional facility and the youthful offender system these items are greatly appreciated and well received by the individual individual at those facilities each of these facilities music programs choose a class song to learn and share upon completion of the class the class can range anywhere from six to ten weeks which is really not much time to learn an instrument and any significant instruction the library staff used the power director program to create a dvd to share with the facility each individual is required to to sign a consent form so that we may share these photos and videos with staffing issues and vacancies across the board it can be difficult to find the time or the staff to offer such fun and exciting programs the time is already limited due to movement schedules within each facility the individuals are required to obtain education and receive work experience within their facility as you all are aware working and going to school does not leave much time for leisure recreational activities approval for musical instruments is another issue safety and security are always number one concerns but staff remain diligent we can continue these programs it is amazing to see and hear each individual's growth in the music program and to see the sense of pride on their faces when they realize they can actually play a song learning a musical instrument can improve memory muscle memory relieve stress enhance abstract reasoning skills and build confidence and give a sense of achievement getting people is never easy getting in front of people and playing an instrument and sharing your singing voice is even more scary playing a musical instrument can help people feel confident in a public setting and let's admit it it's fun music can bring us joy and lift our spirit and make life more enjoyable for us and those around us I hope to continue to provide multiple learning experiences and growth opportunities for every incarcerated individual thank you hello I am Carla Coon I am a librarian too from the Ohio Reformatory for Women or ORW for short and I am here today to talk about what I do at ORW we have approximately 2300 to 2500 women at the institution each month and that is across about 15 different security units many of the units are actually in a dorm style setting so it's an open area with bunk beds and about 150 women will average in each unit we are also Ohio's admission facility for all of the women institutions as well unfortunately because the emissions is kind of housed across the institution in a more secure area they have the opportunity to have like a different library than the rest of the general population they are at their different area and each week I actually will go out to the emissions area and I will take books, law books, legal forms, notary all that out to them so that way even though they are kind of segregated from the rest of the institution they still get the same library that the rest of the general population does the other units in general population do have scheduled library time each week it averages about 90 minutes per unit and during that time they can kind of come and go to either get books, get notary, have law library services and unfortunately it is just me we have also five incarcerated individuals who assist me three are circulation and two are legal clerks on top of that the patrons also have a gtl or now called viapath tablet that has an electronic kite system to it instead of the old paper kite format and because of this they can actually kite me to request questions books, notary services a lot faster in the library I have about 12,000 square foot which is not very big and about 4,000 books can fit in there and as I mentioned in the last slide you know we have an average of 2,300 women so we do a high tech system to maintain order and I have styrofoam door hangers on the outside and we have numbers about one through 15 so the women will actually line up in the hallway before their designated library time and they will take a number and when they come in they sign in and then continue on to peruse the shelves when they are done in the library they can either pass the number off to the next person or they can go ahead and hang it back on the door it's always amazing that something so simple works so well um when I first started we had an older circulation system called mandarin 3 and at the time we only had one circulation checkout which for all the population that came through the library having only one did kind of prevent us from keeping a really good flow to the library so during covid when the library was actually shut down for a brief time we upgraded to a mandarin 5 circulation system and I requested additional cute computer so we can have two checkout areas and an actual computer catalog system this actually lets us now you know help patrons learn the dewey decimal system make it more like an actual public library so that way when they go ahead and they're getting ready to leave and I give them options you know to go to the public library they're able to transition a little bit better also within the library we have five legal computers which they can go ahead kite me for access so that way we don't have any over overbooking basically so we know how many people are coming in and need additional help for legal the computers themselves have lexus nexus on it so they can go ahead and look up cases to assist them in appeals or if they need to copy and paste or write letters for their judicious now they've also started with the gtl via path tablets they do have lexus nexus access on that as well so they have a continuous legal access at their beds which sometimes can be interesting because if they have a question they have to wait or they have to kite and that can kind of take out some of the help that they need they kind of have to wait a little bit now one of the biggest things that we have uh since orw is a re entry aspect as well due to emissions we have one area called a one stop it's basically a one stop shop to assist individuals before they leave one of the main aspects of one stop is ohio means jobs access which uh all the libraries in drc have access to ohio means jobs and on the i'll continue that on the next slide to show you kind of more what that all involves as you can see here uh this is about a six month view of the library uh and what we kind of average in books circulated patrons and reference questions we kind of average 800 page or patrons a month and that doesn't include anyone passed for legal or re entry and we average about 1100 books every month which really is a good size portion of the library and as i mentioned on the last slide our re entry we have ohio means jobs this is the ohio means job website which we have access as our re entry in the library and our one stop it does look a little bit different in the library as it is specifically for incarcerated individuals to access at that point um they can actually come into the library and we will give them access uh onto the site and they can go ahead set up their resume um any information they want to put in there they can add in jobs that they work before they were incarcerated they can access and put in any certificates that they've got while they are have been incarcerated and they can actually search for employers the employers that are able to be accessed are incarcerated friendly so they have an idea that they have a good chance to get an interview or position with that company now they can also access this site once they leave so they would use their same login once they leave and it actually gives them access to the same information and they flip it over to completely live because while they are in uh or w it kind of pauses their whole job search and information until they feel comfortable to make it live but it gives them the ability to kind of jump start the job seeking before they get out and if they need to they can also touch base with them for years before they get out so they can set up interviews one of the other options that i use and they are actually starting to create on the gtl tablets is relink.org this is a large website for finding resources for individuals that are getting ready to leave and they may not have resources that they have you know available right off the bat and i like it because not only can it be used in Ohio but it can be used in other states because we do have some patrons when they leave are actually going to other states so they still have options and the one thing i like is that if they have a specific zip code they can go ahead and search and it gives them the options for re-entry family services basic needs and if we're going into re-entry you can see it has housing additional employment education support services re-entry groups coalitions for that area and then if they find one they like they can either click on it or if they are needing information from me i can click on it print the page and they have contacts available as you can see you know per county all that it helps them out gives them a lot of additional information and just contacts that they may not have had before which is always good now even though the Ohio means jobs and relink.org are really great items unfortunately on the flip side we do have pressing issues of ban books and overdubs it is an interesting aspect to dislike having to ban books but also understanding why as we we don't really call it a banned book list but a screened book list that way we kind of try to take some of the negativity out of it but many books and magazines on the list are not really average books many of the books will go to our main office and they have to meet specific criteria and requirements to actually be put on the list many are ones that will cover like how to survive in the woods if you were to be stranded for a while which you think would be you know good for learning how to camp all of that but we also have to on our side realize that if someone's requesting that they may be thinking about trying to see if they were to leave or maybe leave their work site if they were outside and then try to survive on their own which can bring up some questions at that point if you're getting many requests for those books a lot of the books also are graphic violence or sexually explicit material it is kind of interesting to see on the list that there has been someone that has tried to request a playboy magazine which at that point you can understand why the books are or the magazine would be banned at that point so it's not going to be an average book or you know something like to kill a mockingbird many of those books are still in the institution and still were requested heavily the books will stay on the list for about two years they will drop off at that point unless someone brings them up to be looked at again at ORW we really don't have any books that we look at we haven't had any brought up so we do have to stick with the main office ban book list but we ourselves at ORW do not have one the main pressing issue that I usually deal with are lost overdue and damaged books I do weekly overdue notices which luckily with the Mandarin 5 system I'm able to do a report every week and it'll let me know which books are overdue at that point I print out overdue notices and we will get those out to the units now I do have a steep fine of $5 if the book is not returned after the second notice but I actually have yet to even do one of the fines because $5 may not seem a lot to us but for them $5 is a lot so usually by the time they get the second notice they're like oh no I gotta get the book in and they return the book I do also work with the unit staff and the other institutions to get books back either when they transfer or if they're maybe pushing onto that third notice because I really don't want to give a fine if I don't have to one of the biggest areas I do have to hold them accountable to fines though is with our interlibrary loans and that will lead us into our local library work which is really fun and fascinating so I work heavily with the Marysville Public Library to do interlibrary loans we average about 100 books a month with the Marysville Public Library we do have the option to also work with the state of Ohio library but they mail those in and they take a lot longer to get in and they have a steep fine of $50 per book if anything happens to it now with our interlibrary loan program the state of Ohio for department of corrections we actually have a miniature like interlibrary loan contract that the patrons will sign when the books come in that contract actually states that they will return the book in the same condition that they received it in and if there's any damage it will be up to the public library on if they will charge for it in the four years I have been doing the interlibrary loan program we've only had an incident with three books where they've had to charge because there was severe damage to the books but the director of Marysville Public Library, Nisa Knowles and Laura Lemon who does the summer reading have been really really great to work with we got with them just this summer to kind of incorporate ORW into the public library summer reading and my patrons were so excited we had 35 participants 12 of them met the 60 hours red and they had a fun little paper where you could scribble in and color in like when you met your hours over to the right you can kind of see the five winners we kind of put them all the names into a large raffle and picked out five five winners and the public library created institutional friendly gift baskets of like a little Tupperware container and some candy and socks so when winter reading came up Lauren approached me and was like would you be interested and I already had some of my patrons asking if they were going to you know do this again so they were very excited while we had less participants we actually had more reading slips more books turned in we had 109 reading slips and those slips had four books each on them so keeping track of the slips were a lot easier than the hours met so we've actually talked about maybe switching for ORW during the summer reading to the slips as it might be easier for the patrons to keep track of now one of the unique things that we have at ORW is we do have women who will come in and to the institution and be pregnant at that time they can actually if they have meet specific requirements enter Hope House. Hope House is our on-site nursery where the women actually are able to live and raise their child at the same time so we worked with the Marysville Public Library to set up a nursery time so usually about once a month the Marysville Public Library will come in and they work with the social worker on site and they will have a book reading nursery time with the the babies we have been in talks we haven't worked out the logistics yet on also providing the babies with their own version of summer reading which will be interesting one of the other options that we have recently started doing is our Ohio poet laureate Kerry Gunther Seymour she has a four-week writing course that she does and she worked not only with ORW but 15 other correctional institutions across Ohio and it was very interesting to see each week all the different institutions sharing their writing in their poetry on topics that they were learning about at the end each of the participants are actually able to submit one of their poetry or writings for a contest. ORW had eight participants and all eight turned in poems so we're waiting to hear back once Ms Gunther Seymour looks through on the poetry and she's going to pick the top three across all 15 institutions we're hoping that next year they'll continue this because I know the women at ORW were really excited on it and it adds another option for their writing that they enjoy and that is all of my points at this time I thank you for joining me and if you have any questions you can reach me at my email address from the first slide thank you. Hello everyone my name is Shirea Omeda I have been a librarian at the California Men's Colony State Prison in San Luis Obispo for the last four years during my time providing library services at the prison I've had the opportunity to develop lots of different programs read inspiring book reports and listen to powerful group discussions running a library in prison requires resourcefulness resilience and a lot of patience my days are spent oscillating between a variety of tasks including de-escalating conflict readers advisory program development college research legal research all while supervising a team of eight to ten incarcerated clerks and a library of up to 50 users at a time despite the multitude of daily tasks one thing is a continual source of joy and inspiration that's library programs today I would like to share with you my experience running a few different programs at the California Men's Colony Prison libraries I hope that these examples will inspire you to engage with your library patrons and start similar programs in your libraries the types of programs my libraries host all into three categories the first kind of program is literacy centered these programs focus on reading specifically close and critical reading and reading to improve skill these programs are usually self-paced and allow the participant to choose the materials they want to engage with providing a variety of materials at different reading levels and in different languages is an important part of this type of program and ensures that anyone can participate regardless of literacy level or native language the next type of program is self-help these kinds of programs are led by and for incarcerated people and are focused on developing or strengthening skills that improve the individual self-help programs follow a set schedule or curriculum usually developed by an individual or group of incarcerated people at the California Men's Colony the last category of programs are creative creative programs give incarcerated individuals the opportunity to express themselves showcase their talents and display their work there is a huge pool of creative talent in prison and tapping into that is a great first step towards engaging the prison community these programs typically require a deadline or take place on a designated day and have a set of rules or parameters that guide submissions and performances now before I get into some examples of each type of program I think it's really important to emphasize that almost all the programs that run in my libraries are initiated and run by incarcerated people I believe it is incredibly important that the library serves as a place where people can not only find the information they're looking for but they also have the opportunity to learn with and from their peers I regularly solicit feedback and input from library patrons on what kinds of materials and programs they want to see in the library and I recommend that you do the same now that you have a framework for the different types of prison library programs I developed and facilitate I would like to share one example of each in July 2022 I developed a literacy program called read a book earn a chrono for those that don't work in a carceral environment a chrono is basically a letter of recommendation that says a staff person me can attest to the incarcerated person's participation in a library program and the benefits that that program provides the guidelines for this program are simple participants choose five books from a curated shelf and write a book report for each book by answering four questions after they complete the book report they submit it to me for grading after they have completed five graded book reports I write them a chrono now initially I started this curated bookshelf of classics like The Great Gadsby Love and the Time of Cholera Native Sun and Call of the Wild however I quickly expanded the offerings to include non-fiction books that center self-help themes some of the most popular books in this program are non-fiction titles like longing for dad man's search for meaning beyond the bullet healing the shame that binds you and striving to be a failure in this program I've also included books and book report forms in Spanish and books for readers with emerging literacies so that the programs are accessible to everyone my absolute favorite part of this program is reading the book reports I am constantly struck by the willingness of participants to self-reflect and lay bare traumatic and violent experiences and read about how they connect those experiences to the book I'd like to share with you just a few quotes from the dozens of reports I have read that detail how the books relate to or are interpreted by the readers this first quote states after reading The Pearl by John Steinbeck they write quote I can relate to this book because drugs were like the pearl to me no matter what happened I would continue to use until eventually I ended up in prison if I would have just quit using I would not be in prison today after reading Kite Runner by Khalid Hussini one report writes quote yes I'd recommend this book because sometimes reading about things you can relate to help you put into words emotions or thoughts you didn't know how to express and this can lead to healing after reading Striving to be a Failure by Puri Thompson one respondent wrote quote gangs do not promote nor fight for equality or protection of their communities street credit is not actually correct after reading Beyond the Bullet by Heidi Eumann this reader quotes from the book quote I would never get to talk to him never get to hold him never get to say I love you again the respondent then writes quote to me the significance of this quote is important because it's meaning hits close to home in so many ways I'm currently serving a life sentence for murder and not a day goes by that I don't regret my actions I have an 18 year old son that I miss and wish I could be out there raising but my victim's mother doesn't even have that I took that from her and the rest of her family I took the most precious gift that she had and to say sorry would never begin to justify the selfishness of my actions this quote puts into perspective how I hurt everyone and how they will always grieve this next reader states after reading everything you need to know when you're a male survivor of rape or sexual assault by John Levi he writes quote I learned that force includes fear of force it doesn't necessarily have to include force this opened my eyes to other ways I have impacted my victims I would recommend this book because men who have suffered sexual abuse isn't a topic that's spoken about often since launching read a book earn a chrono into that in July 2022 17 people have completed the program resulting in 85 books 25 people are actively working to complete the program for an average of 75 books and in the last six months library users at the east and west libraries have read a total of 150 books for the last five years the west library has hosted eight to 10 self-help programs each week these two our programs were created for and presented by incarcerated people these groups include a change in perception in english and spanish anger management victims awareness in english and spanish denial management bridging the divide and criminal gangs anonymous each of these programs runs for eight to ten week cycle and uses a combination of lectures homework packets assigned reading and group discussion after participants complete the program they receive a certificate and a chrono self-help programs follow a basic process first a library user will come to me with an idea for a program I asked them to create an outline of what their program is about what objectives they will teach each week and I do a short interview about their experiences with the topic we also discuss what materials they currently have and what I can help supplement next I asked them to run the group on a trial basis on their yard this gives them an opportunity to iron out any wrinkles in their curriculum and also garner interest in the group that the library can capitalize on later on some important considerations when it comes to developing and supporting peer-led groups in prisons the prison environment is constantly in flux it's normal for people to get moved to a different institution get sent to the crisis bed or even go to the hospital because of the impermanence of group facilitators and attendees it is extremely important to keep a backup of all program paperwork it's also crucial to make sure that there are at least two presenters for each group if a presenter is serious about the longevity of their program they will find people who will help them realize and keep the vision going in the last two cycles of 2022 the self-help programs in the west library have graduated 230 participants the most popular programs were victim victims awareness in Spanish criminal gangs anonymous and domestic violence the first ever creative program that I developed and ran was an open mic event this was one of the most attended and warmly received programs that I have ever run and was widely loved by both incarcerated patrons and staff the idea for this program came directly from one of my clerks who was passionate about poetry and with whom I regularly had conversations about creative writing and different topics he proposed that the library host an event where library users could share their work I thought this is a great idea and the east library open mic program was born in the summer of 2019 I ran the open mic program five time each event averaged about 40 participants for a total of 207 attendees in just three months these totals do not include staff nurses and mental health professionals that came to hear and encourage the people who performed participants sang songs did spoken word recited poetry wrapped in red essays it was an incredible event that forged a new appreciation for the creativity both among the attendees and the staff that got to see them in a new light these are just three examples of the different types of programs that I have developed and run at the prison libraries in the California men's colony I hope that you have found this information both informative and inspiring thank you for the opportunity to share my experiences


Metal oxide nanoparticles are increasingly being used in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering, immunotherapy, diagnosis, dentistry, regenerative medicine, wound healing, and biosensing. These particles exhibit unique physical and chemical properties which make them ideal candidates for use in these applications. Metal oxides also possess antimicrobial, antifungal, and antiviral properties, making them useful in combating infectious diseases. Additionally, they can be used to study the toxicity of certain metals and other substances.


Good morning. Good afternoon. Good evening. Happy Halloween. You can go to live in France, but you cannot become a Frenchman. You can go to live in Germany or Turkey or Japan, but you cannot become a German or Turk or Japanese, but anyone from any corner of the earth can come to live in America and became American. Welcome back to A Nation of Immigrants, a new talk show program featuring the lives of immigrants, knowledge, diversity, and inclusion. Created by Sing Tank, Hawaii, and the Kingsfield Law Office, we invite renowned immigrants come to the show to discuss their life stories, immigration adventures, and contributions to cultural diversity. Today is my great honor to invite my advisor, my mentor, my teacher, Professor Jonathan Fember to the show. Professor, how are you? I'm great. Thank you for inviting me. Thank you, Professor. We know each other for 22 years. You are the first American I knew, and I learned so much from you in the past 22 years, and I'm continuing learning, and today we want to learn about your family history. I know Marianne, your fantastic wife, fantastic novelist. I know Noni, Maya, and Henry, and your children, but I didn't know much about your parents or your grandparents. But first, please allow me to read a very abridged version of your bio. Your bio is going to take me five hours to read the full version, but please allow me to read a shorter version so we can begin the interview. I have so many questions I want to ask about you. So Professor Jonathan Fember is a very prominent art historian of modern and contemporary art. In my view, he's the best art historian in the United States. He's a program director of the PhD in creativity program at the University of the Arts in Philadelphia, and a gut shell professor emeritus from the University of Illinois, Bernard Champagne. He's also of art since 1940, strategies of being the mostly wide-read survey of postmodern art, and a co-creator of Imagine America icons of 20th century American art, the award-winning PBS television documentary of 2005. Professor Fenberg is the author of first major monograph on the leading Chinese artist, Zhang Xiaogang. Professor Fenberg is also the author of some 30 art books and catalogs on modern art, some have been translated into multiple languages. His most recent book is Modern Art at the Border of Mind and Brain, and also pleased to report that Professor Fenberg's important books on children's art trilogy have been published, and one is very theoretical. Two of them are more art history-oriented. One of them has been translated into Chinese language and has been very well received by the international readership. Well, this is just a very short abridged version, Professor. As I eagerly jump into asking your questions, you grew up in Chicago, and your father was a very prominent scholar as well. But how about your grandparents? Well, my father was a psychoanalyst, and even that was sort of an accident of his birth and background. To back up a little bit, my, his parents emigrated to the United States from, probably from, you know, the Baltic region, and from either Lithuania or Estonia. And they, and he was born in New York when they landed in New York, and then they were on their way to Cleveland, so they were only briefly in New York, but that's where he was born. I don't, I'm not even sure what their name was before that, but we know that once they went to Ellis Island, their name was Feinberg, and they then, and they then went to Cleveland, and he had, there were, there were, he had five siblings, or he was one of five siblings, and in Cleveland, and it was the Depression. And so they lived in a Jewish ghetto in Cleveland, and, and his father started a cheese business in Cleveland, and my, and my father used to remember as a, as a young man hauling milk cans on and off of a horse draw and cart that they had to deliver them the milk and cheese to people in Cleveland. And he then, he was interested in, in field zoology. He went to the Ohio State University, and he was interested in field zoology, and his professor at the time said, there is no way that a Jew can get a professorship in field zoology in America today, so you should do something else. Which year was that? That would have been probably about 1935. 35. Oh, okay. And so he went, he decided to put himself on a ship, and went down to, to Sao Paulo, Brazil to study in a very famous research institute called Butantan, which was the world's most famous research place for reptile study. And he came back with a little, my brother still has this leather-bound book that he made, where he meticulously drew the anatomy of snakes, heads, and other kinds of things. But while he was down there, he wasn't down there very long. And he had some relatives there. His father's brother had gone to Brazil. So he knew some people in Brazil. And he, anyway, he was down there for a short time, and he received a letter from his mother saying that she had applied to medical school for him, and he got in and she paid the first year tuition, and he had to come home. So, so he came home and he went to medical school, and he graduated about 1939. And by that time, he had met my mother and her parents, her, she never knew her father, but her, but, and she, and she grew up in an orphanage in Cleveland. And, but her mother worked in the orphanage and she knew her. And, and I knew her. I mean, I eventually met her. And I, and I met my father's parents as well, but didn't really know them. I met my, my father's mother only once when I was very young, and in Cleveland. And, and his father, I knew as a very old man, but, you know, I was quite young when he died. And, but my mother's mother, I knew well. And, so, and, but I don't know what, I don't know what my mother's father's origins were, but my mother's mother had been born in the United States, somewhere in Pennsylvania, and I think her parents also emigrated to the United States from probably also from Lithuania or, you know, from Estonia, that sort of region. So they were all Eastern European Jews. And my father went to medical school. It's an incredible story. He went to medical school and met my mother in Cleveland. They got married.  And they, and when he finished his medical school training, they went down to, to New Orleans for his internship. And in those days, in interns had were required to live in the hospital. And, and wives were not permitted. So she had to find an apartment somewhere. And they had no money, because nobody got paid anything in those days as interns. And he went to charity hospital in New Orleans, which was the largest public hospital in the country. And at the time, but remember, this is before penicillin. So he's down there and there's the DeBakey brothers were doing heart surgery pioneering heart surgery in a converted garage in New Orleans. And he was down there training. And one day he saw a an advertisement on the bulletin board for a country doctor. So he and my mother packed up. They she she had been living over a restaurant in the in the French quarter of New Orleans. And in fact, over a restaurant called two jacks, which is still there. And the family just took pity on her gave her a room with a flashing Coca Cola sign in the window. And and and used to and used to feed the two of them occasionally. But so they took this job in the in the Bayou country of Louisiana, Southern Louisiana. And at the time, there was a telegraph line that ran through what is what the parish, which is like the county. And, and, and there was one road.  My mother would bring a blanket and Ritz crackers and he brought his his his medical bag and they had no idea what they were going to find. And they would drive up to wherever it was they've been called. And they'd get there and they'd find he said one time he saw some typically he would see would nobody would call a doctor until they were so sick, they couldn't work anymore. So and so he would find people with staff infections that were so advanced that they're blown up like balloons. And they would treat that with sulfa drugs because they didn't have penicillin that no antibiotics yet. That didn't come in until a few years later.  And he got there and he picked up the hand and he got safety pins and retractors you know when you when you cut the ligaments in the hand the the ligament retracts into a into a sort of a sheath and you have to reach in there and pull them out. So he pulled them all out reconnected them with safety pins until they got them all connected, sewed them back together and then jumped in his Jeep and ran back to see if he got the anatomy right he went to go find his anatomy book to see if he got it right. And the guy got his hand back which is unbelievable he lost some nerves but the hand was still working. Anyway so that was there and then the war started and my father saw this coming and especially as a Jew I think he felt some particular commitment about about fighting Hitler.  And so he and my mother landed in Honolulu they lived in an army house right on the end of Hickam field right next practically next to Pearl Harbor. And so that's where they were and he was and he said you know nobody thought there was anything potentially going to happen and he said he almost never wore his uniform that the officers all would go play golf and you know drink at the officer's club and and once a week they would they would test the big cannon so there's you hear the sounds and he said one day he he woke up and he heard all this noise he looked out the window and he saw the shingles in the house next door going up and down like typewriter keys and he said you know this was the Japanese attack it was machine gun fire hitting the roof in the house next door and that was the beginning of the assault on Pearl Harbor and my mother was by that time eight months pregnant with my brother and so they they threw her into a into a into a jeep and drove her way up into the mountains where she stayed and he didn't see her for a month and he was he said he remembers he remember pulling out the drawer of his desk and looking in and he saw there was an eight millimeter camera and it was revolver and he said he hesitated for a moment about which to grab but he grabbed his revolver and his helmet got in the jeep and started looking after all these people that have been injured in the in the assault so and then when my mother someone it was safe they thought it was safe they sent my mother and my and my then baby brother who was who's my older brother back to the United States and my mother went to live with her parent her mother and her stepmother stepfather in Chicago and and my father when soon as the war was over came home and and when he came home he went back to Chicago not knowing really anything about it and he tried to get and he wanted to be an obstetrician and he tried to find a residency in obstetrics and there wasn't one so the only thing that was available was a psychiatric presidency so he took it and he ended up being he then ended up training in psychoanalysis he was one of the first child psychoanalysts trained at the Chicago Institute which was fairly new at that time right after the war and he became ultimately the president of the psychoanalytic society in Chicago so that was my back my my parents background well thank you when I was growing up you grow up basically in Chicago in the suburbs in the Chicago yes by the park right yeah so um so I was in Glen in Glencoe which is the furthest north suburb on the lake that was still part of Cook County and um and you know I was in a suburban high school it was a fairly affluent area um and um I was just um I think I've always been a very independent character I think I had some I think I probably would have been diagnosed as a slightly dyslexic had anybody done that in those days but I was a slow reader um and um and I also was kind of a rebellious character so I never really wanted I was bored in school I never wanted to do what everybody else was doing in school so in the fourth grade uh they were going to hold me back a year because they said I couldn't read and my mother knew perfectly well I was reading at home I just didn't want to do it in school and so she went into school and they handed me the workbook and I did the year's workbook in an hour and the teacher of course was furious because then she realized that I was just not doing it um and I had a similar kind of experience all the way through school and I you know when I was in the eighth grade I just didn't want to be in the classroom so that you know I was very lucky I had very um I had very insightful teachers who tolerated this but I had a teacher who said to me well if you don't want to be in class go into the science room and just go look at the rocks and the plants and you know and that's how I spent my my middle school years never going to class and then when I got to high school I had a similar kind of experience where I was just it was felt like a factory to me and I didn't want to be there and I started and I was very lucky because I ran into a an art teacher in the high school who um who would sign me out to his class when he knew perfectly well I wasn't there because he knew that I wasn't lazy he just he but that I wasn't interested in class so I would go to some classes and I and he taught me how to make how to carve stone and carve wood and I started making sculpture and very quickly I was welding sculpture in my father's garage and I was spending the day making sculpture in my father's garage and I would sometimes go to my English classes which I like and then I started taking two English classes at the same time so that by the middle of my third year I had enough credits really to graduate except for Jim and they wouldn't graduate me from the from high school without four years of Jim and um and I decided to apply to to college on my own and the school guidance counselor said there's no way you're going to get into college with that record we're not going to send your transcript that we refuse to send it and my father had to go into school and say you don't have a right not to send it you have to send it whether you like it or not so they did and I I applied myself to the harbor not knowing my father knew no one who'd ever gone to an eye of the school I've gotten onto a train and I went to Cambridge, Massachusetts and made an appointment with the director of admissions and I somehow managed to persuade him to accept me into college so I really didn't have a high school degree but I got into Harvard when I got into Harvard the people in the high school were so mad at me because because of that and they also thought my father had some kind of connections which was a big joke and um so anyway so then I went to college and in college I was much more interested in things but it was hard for me because I wasn't a good reader um I and I and I specifically took the hardest classes I could take because somehow I had my head that that would be better for me so you know I um but the thing that really made me that an art historian you know so I was making sculpture in high school welding and when I got to Harvard there was Harvard is Harvard and the University of Chicago are probably the two universities in America that are so completely local centered that they had no facilities even for somebody to do art which took it seriously and so I went around and I found a building in the Radcliffe yard that had been converted to oil heat and it had an old coal bin and they gave me the coal bin as a studio because it was fireproof and I welded sculpture in there from my four years at Harvard but it was in the middle of the night and um you know so that's what I that I was doing that and then I also took a my freshman year of college I took a an art history class on 17th century Dutch painting with a professor named Seymour Slive who was just wonderful and you know it kind of changed my life I had no idea there was such a thing as an art historian I didn't know my mother had been a painter my father was a psychoanalyst so I was interested in both of those things already um but it never occurred to me that you could actually make a living as an artist or have a career as an artist so I started I discovered art history and I started I took his class which I just love and that started me taking more art history classes and then I started writing for the college newspaper and nobody had written our criticism to the college newspaper because the Harvard Crimson was only about the city council meetings and the politics and my class yeah my yeah so my classmates were all we're all um you know they're amazing people really if you look today at who's on the front page is the who has the bylines in the New York Times the Washington Post those are my classmates you know the green house was in on the crimson with me she writes on the court for the New York Times and Bob Samuelson who was an economics commentator for the post for Newsweek and then the post Donnie Graham whose mother owned the Washington Post was the editorial yeah the president of course when I was there so I mean all of my classmates went on to become journalists and I was so naive I just didn't understand how important those connections are and I think if I were you asked me earlier what you know what advice would I give myself at a 20 at 20 you know looking back now I wish I'd understood better how important the relations between people really are that you start to build a network and everything is about personal relations and I definitely will take your advice and but what a fantastic American story and your grandparents and came to this country for the first time as basically refugees and island and then their their song became a professor in a prominent they call analysis then their grandson becomes a very prominent art historian and just absolutely and two quick questions what when you grew up in Chicago as the third generation immigrant basically because your father was born here right so your grandparents was first generation your father parents or second generation your third generation did you feel any different from the other children and obviously English language was your parents first language both it's your first language but do you feel any different and aside from your personality anything but do you feel like you are different from other kids in the neighborhood well when I was a kid you know I lived we lived in an area that was affluent very highly educated and there was a fairly reasonable I mean there's a reasonably sized Jewish population so at first I didn't really notice any difference but then there were other suburbs around me wealthier suburbs around me where some of the parents didn't want their kids playing with a Jewish with a Jew and I didn't I never occurred to me you know so I remember I had one high school friend who I met who we kept making tennis dates and every time I made a tennis date with him his mother would find something else for him to do and it never worked out and finally my father said to me you're going to have to realize that this is never going to happen because his mother doesn't want his wanting him playing with a Jew so there was some of that there was some anti-Semitism but I never really suffered from what I would say you know it just it struck me as so stupid and I just you know I never took it seriously because it seemed stupid and certainly yeah and you couldn't you couldn't possibly go to Harvard and and feel challenged by that because you know the professors and students at Harvard there were so many prominent Jewish faculty and students but I never really encountered that very much in my life although I have to say now with all the violence going along in America it's the first time in my life I ever thought to myself is it possible that they could round up Jews like they did in Hitler's Germany because it feels to me like we're starting to go in that direction yeah fortunately but I as I immigrated myself I never understand the anti-Semitism in this country I just I study history I look at I read articles I talked to my Jewish friends and non-Jewish friends I and everybody gave me different answers what this has happened and why this is happening and nobody really gave me a clear answer what's the rationale obviously there's no logic behind this anti-Semitism we are running out of time what a fantastic American story but I do want to ask you the question and because we talked about you grew up in as a child in Chicago and you published three books about the children's art and one is a theoretical book two more are historian catalogs so when did you begin to pay attention to children's art and one why do you think it's important well you know as I said to you I was never a great reader and I was always interested in visual things that's how I learned and I didn't understand until this point in my life you know all the different styles of learning that people do learn visually instead of verbally some people do and I'm probably one of them so I've always I've always wanted to know what what it is that why it is that images had such a strong claim in my attention and when I was in high school I already was interested in children's drawings I'm not sure why but I think it's because my father was a psychoanalyst and I started reading psychoanalytic psychoanalytic literature as a high school student and when I got to Harvard I started investigating it and I had I had two very formative teachers in college who were really important to me one was Rudolph Arnheim who was a who was a Berlin Jew he had emigrated to the United States during World War II and and he was an expert on children's drawings and on the psychology of art he was kind of the father of the psychology of art definitely he and I ultimately got to be very good friends and published together but so he's you know that was one very important relationship and the other one that was important to me was a man named Eric Erickson who was a psychoanalyst teaching at Harvard and at the time that I knew him he had he was working on a book called Gandhi's truth and the and what he said in Gandhi's truth and in other books that he wrote he created a paradigm which is that you know Gandhi solved his personal emotional problems in public in a way that other people could identify with and that was in Erickson's view that was how ideology forms that you know somebody does this in public it you know that's the beginning of ideology and I thought boy that is the that's the way to explain why a work of art has so much impact on us so it sent me on that trajectory and now I'm at the place where I'm working in neuroscience trying to understand the the actual physiology of the brain on a work of art what happens in creativity and how does creativity work um and how does it get uh transferred and I'm thinking Erickson and Arnhem were essential for me and my father were essential for me to understand those issues definitely I agree totally agree I wrote Arnhem's book was my bible during my college years and I definitely agree with you about the neuroscience part of the art you know the children's art and I love Castle's famous quote that every child was an artist the problem is how to remain it when we grow up well what a fantastic conversation and what a fantastic American history American story of your family your grandparents your parents and yourself thank you so much for for your time professor and and let's just get this as episode one of our oral history book about Feinberg professor Feinberg's you know personal journey and I wish I will have you back on the show to continue to talk about the children's art and other things well thank you again for your time professor today we have a distinguished guest professor Jonathan Feinberg director of a PhD program in creativity at the university of the arts art historian curator my mentor for 22 years and will for at least another 28 years thank you professor thank you thank you for having me it's always great to talk to you likewise aloha thank you so much for watching think tech hawaii if you like what we do please like us and click the subscribe button on youtube and the follow button on vimeo you can also follow us on facebook instagram twitter and linked in and donate to us at think tech hawaii dot com mahalo