Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar Aayes Academy for the date 29th of May 2019. Displayed are the list of news articles taken up for today's analysis along with the page numbers of Chennai, Bengaluru, Delhi and Thiruvananthapuram editions. The handwritten notes in PDF format and the time-stamping of all the news articles taken up for today's analysis will be available in the description section and also in the comment section given below for the benefit of the smartphone news. Let us now start our analysis. The first article of the day is the editorial title, The Key Agenda Must Be to Accelerate Growth. The author of this editorial stresses the fact that the new government need to focus on the growth of the economy. The analysis of this editorial will be helpful in your problems preparation, under economic development and also in your main preparation under Indian economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and also employment. Now the author of this editorial has given the major issues that are causing the slowdown in the growth of economy and also the suggestions for each and every issue. So the author has mainly touched four important areas which you need to know. They are investments, banking sector, employment and agrarian distress. Now we have given a comparison format where we will be seeing all these four issues and their corresponding suggestions that the author has given for these issues. Finally, the author has also discussed in short about the importance of social safety nets. Now the author starts the editorial with the official data of revised new base estimates for the growth rate. According to the revised new base estimates, the growth rate in the financial year 2016-17 was 8.2%. In the financial year 2018-19, it was 7%. Now it is very much clear from this data that the growth is slowing down. The author tells that the first priority of the government must be to accelerate economic growth. He tells that only a fast-growing economy will generate the surplus revenue and this surplus revenue will be helpful to address many of our socio-economic problems and also to provide social safety nets. So we shall see about this social safety nets in the later part of our analysis. The first issue that is being discussed by the author is the investments. The author tells that there is a decline in the investment rate. So he has mentioned two official economic indicators. They are gross fixed capital formation to the GDP ratio and capital expenditure data of the corporate sector. First, let us see about gross fixed capital formation to GDP ratio. Here the fixed capital means the fixed assets such as land, plant, machinery, building, public infrastructure, etc. So gross fixed capital formation means the total creation of the fixed assets. When this gross fixed capital formation is calculated as a percentage of GDP, then it is referred to as gross fixed capital formation to GDP ratio. So this indirectly denotes that the asset formation is possible only when there are investments. The author quotes the official values here. In current prices, the ratio of gross fixed capital formation to the gross domestic product, nothing but the GDP, in the financial year 2018-19 is estimated at 28.9 percentage. But if you see the 2007-2008 data, it was as I has 35.8 percentage. So this clearly denotes that the investments have gone down. The author suggests that for sustained growth of the economy, this particular ratio has to substantially increase. Next, the author notes that there is a fall in corporate investment. The author has quoted R-based forecast of corporate investment which is published every year. In the financial year of 2017-18, the capital expenditures of the corporate sector were estimated at 1487 billion rupees. Now if you see this is a steady decline from the 2050 billion rupees amount of capital expenditures in the financial year 2014-15. The author also tells that the investments in the manufacturing sector are especially slow. So the author stresses the need for more investments in the Indian economy, especially more public investments. The author tells that the public investment through budget truth is very less, which is just 1.6 percentage of the GDP that has been estimated for this particular financial year. So if you also see the previous years, this ratio has not changed much. The author notes that more contribution to the public investments comes from public sector enterprises which also includes the railways. So he suggests that the government can interact with all the public sector units and prepare a common program of public investment for the financial year 2019-20. Here you should know that the public sector units can take a longer term view on capital investments when compared to the private sector, since mostly the private sector will invest on short term gains. So in this case, a strong public investment program can also act as a catalyst for private investment, which the author notes. Next, he stresses on the need to have a sector-wise investment approach in order to attract more investments. Let us see the second issue raised by the author now, which is the banking sector. The author tells that the banks are under a heavy stress and the ratio of the non-performing assets as rising. The author tells that the primary activity of the bank is lending money. If NPAs are higher, then the bank is likely to have a capital shortage. The author suggests that the government must infuse adequate capital into banks. Also he suggests that the NPA-related cases can be resolved through resolution councils or committees instead of taking the legal route. That is the investigative agency's route, which is being mentioned in the editorial. We saw that lending is the primary activity of any bank, especially the working capital. But in the absence of long-term lending financial institutions, the banks provide both working capital and also long-term loans. So the author suggests that as a medium-term plan, the government should consider setting up a separate long-term financial institution which should partly be funded by the government. The third issue that the author has taken up is related to employment. The author comments that the economy is not able to generate adequate employment. He also tells that the answer to the problem of jobs is only growth, where only faster growth and faster investment will generate more employment and an improvement in the financial system may trigger some new jobs. So he tells that the overall growth is key to more employment. Finally, the author has discussed about the issue of agrarian distress. Here he mentions a one-dimension of growth, which is growth will happen only if there is an adequate increase in demand. So here the keyword is demand. The author notes that the main concern is the slowdown in the rural demand and the agrarian distress is the main cause of slowdown in the overall demand. So agrarian distress must be tackled on a priority basis. The author suggests that when the distress is due to a fall in prices of the agricultural crops, the best course of action is to resort to limited procurement so that the excess over normal is procured by the government and there will be a price balance in the market. Next, we know that monsoon is always unpredictable in India because a few years the monsoon is very good but few years we face drought-like conditions. So the author suggests that it is best to keep changing the cropping pattern based on the rainfall in that particular year. Also he suggests that agricultural inputs such as seeds and fertilizers should be made available by the state governments at a very cheap cost. The author has also given some suggestion to tackle the agrarian distress with some medium-term plans which we will be seeing now. Firstly, he stresses for the consolidation of land holdings so that the overall agricultural productivity can be increased. Here the consolidation of land holding means just pooling in all the fragmented lands of each and every small and marginal farmers so that when they cultivate together the overall agricultural productivity will increase. The second thing is introducing better techniques for cultivation which can be promoted by the government. The third thing is the marketing of the agricultural produce. He tells that the marketing of the agricultural produce is very unhelpful such that the farmers not get better prices for their crops at present. So he is suggesting to improve the marketing arrangements which are at present. So these are the four issues that have been discussed by the author where he has also given the suggestions of plans that have to be carried out in the short term period. The author has largely focused on the short term plans in this editorial if you see. He has also noted that the medium term reforms such as GST, the goods and service tax, then IBC, the insolvency and bankruptcy court and the land reforms and also the labour reforms should all be dealt with one day after leading the economy to a higher growth part with the help of these short term plans. Now along with the suggestions the author has also asked the government to keep a watch on the money flow in the economy which is nothing but the liquidity flow which is mentioned in the editorial. And he is also asking to focus on the monetary policy so that the efforts of the government that it takes to have a higher growth rate are in a very sustainable manner. Finally the author has discussed about social safety nets. If you remember we just saw this during the first paragraph article. So the social safety net means the welfare programs of the government for the poorest and the weakest sections of the society. And it can also include the vulnerable sections of the society. Now one such program is providing minimum income to the poor. So here in this editorial the author is welcoming this providing minimum income to the poor but is also wary of the fact that such welfare schemes should not disturb the fiscal stability of the government. Here the fiscal stability means the revenues and the expenditures that the government makes and gets. So this should not be disturbed just because by introducing such scheme. Also he suggests consolidating or clubbing all the existing subsidies for the poor and providing them in the form of minimum income support. So if all the subsidies are clubbed the fiscal stability of the government can be ensured by the government. Finally the author concludes that besides the economic factors some of the non-economic factors should also be considered for having or achieving a high growth levels. Like a peaceful society and also a peaceful political condition in India. Both these should prevail in India so that India is able to achieve higher growth levels. So this growth will generate high revenues and this would be able to create jobs and also sustain the welfare programs of the government. With this we come to the analysis of this editorial. Now have a look at the practice main question we shall discuss at the end of the analysis session. Let us now move on to our next news article. The next article is titled as ozone pollution likely to spike in capital. The discussion based on this article will be relevant in your prelim syllabus under current events of national importance and also under general science. This discussion can also be linked to your main preparation in general studies paper 3 under environmental pollution and degradation. The news article states that according to the forecast by the system of air quality and weather forecasting and research that is suffer in short due to the rising temperatures the surface ozone pollution is expected to increase in the city of Delhi. The air quality index on Tuesday was in the moderate category and this is expected to slowly deteriorate to the higher end of the moderate category in the next two days. According to suffer the cause for this deterioration will be ozone and this ozone will be the lead pollutant. So with the increased temperature the production of surface ozone will also increase. Now let us see what is this surface ozone. Surface ozone is also called as ground level ozone. The surface ozone is created through the interactions of manmade and also natural emissions of volatile organic compounds in short VOCs and also nitrogen oxides in the presence of heat and sunlight. But remember the stratospheric ozone forms naturally in the upper atmosphere and this protects us from the sun's harmful ultraviolet rays. Here the volatile organic compounds are defined as organic species which have high vapor pressure in the earth's atmosphere. The cars and gasoline burning engines are large sources of volatile organic compounds. Also volatile organic compounds are emitted from consumer products if you see like paints, insecticides, cleaners as well as industrial solvents and also from chemical manufacturing. Next coming to nitrogen oxides they are produced whenever fossil fuels are burned and are primarily produced by motor vehicles and power plants. The sun's direct ultraviolet rays convert these emissions into surface ozone which becomes very much unhealthy to breathe. The ozone concentrations can reach unhealthful levels when the weather is hot and sunny with little or no wind. The high concentrations of ozone near ground level can be harmful to people and also to animals, crops and also to other materials. This particular ozone can irritate your respiratory system causing you to start coughing where also you will get a feeling of irritation in your throat and or an uncomfortable sensation also in your chest. This ozone can aggravate asthma and can cause inflammation and damage cells that line your lungs as well. The ozone may also aggravate chronic lung diseases such as bronchitis and reduce the immune system's ability to fight off bacterial infections in the respiratory system. And finally the ozone may cause permanent lung damage. These effects can be worse in children and also in exercising adults. In this context now let us see what is meant by this SUFFER. SUFFER is the acronym for system of air quality and weather forecasting. So this system is first of its kind in the country. Under the plan scheme metropolitan advisories for cities for sports and tourism, under the metropolitan air quality and weather services, the Ministry of Earth Sciences and the Government of India has introduced this as a major national initiative. This particular initiative was developed indignously by the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology which is located in Pune and it is operationalized by the Indian Meteorological Department. This particular SUFFER system provides location specific information on air quality in near real time. It forecast 1 to 3 days in advance which is the first time in India. As of now SUFFER is implemented in 4 cities of India, in the cities of Delhi, Pune, Mumbai and Ahmedabad as an operational service. The system is an integral part of India's first air quality early warning system which is operational in Delhi. The ultimate objective of this project is to increase the awareness among the general public regarding the air quality in their city that too very much well in advance. This is because appropriate mitigation measures and systematic action can be taken up for betterment of air quality and related health issues. It engineers awareness drive by educating public, prompting self mitigation and also to help develop mitigation strategies for the policy makers. So SUFFER will accelerate the public awareness and also preparedness of air pollution and weather extremes. It will also lead to better understanding of linkages among emissions, weather, pollution and climate. It will also monitor all the weather parameters like the ultraviolet radiation, the temperature, rainfall, humidity, wind speed, wind direction and also solar radiation. In addition to all this, to regularly monitor the air quality parameters like PM1, PM2.5, PM10 where PM is the particulate matter. Then SUFFER dioxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides like NO and NO2, then carbon monoxide, methane, the volatile organic compounds. The system will also monitor the existence of benzene, toluene and xylene as well in addition to all this year. Besides health, the SUFFER system benefits to several other sectors like agriculture, aviation, infrastructure, disaster management skill, tourism and many others which directly or indirectly gets affected by air quality and weather. The SUFFER observation network of air quality monitoring stations and automatic weather stations are established within the city limits. They represent selected micro-environments of the city including industrial, residential, background or cleaner urban complex, agricultural zones, etc. As per the international guidelines which ensures a true representation of city environment. With this we have come to the end of the discussion of this news article. Now have a look at the practice prelims question we shall discuss at the end of the analysis session. Let us move on to the next news article. The next news article of the day is titled, Sri Lanka, Japan and India Signed Deal to Develop Container Terminal. This news article will be relevant in a prelims preparation under current events of national and international importance and also in a mains preparation in General Studies paper too under India and its neighborhood relations and also under bilateral regional groupings and agreements involving India and or affecting India's interests. Now there are six main sea ports in the country of Sri Lanka and Colombo port is one among them. In Colombo port there are five terminals and one among them is the east container terminal. Now this article tells that an agreement was signed between Sri Lanka, Japan and India to jointly develop the east container terminal at the Colombo port. According to the agreement only the terminal operations company at the east container terminal will be jointly owned to develop the terminal. This company will be owned with a 51% stake by the Sri Lanka and the remaining 49% stake with India and Japan. Now the percentage of ownership of Japan and India are not clear as of now. The terminal in itself will be absolutely or 100% owned by the Sri Lankan government by the port authority of Sri Lankan government. Now the overall news simply means that the three countries will jointly build the east container terminal at the port of Colombo in the agreed terms. So just remember this. This joint initiative is estimated to cost between 500 million US dollars and 700 million US dollars. And Japan has agreed to give a 40 years soft loan with 0.1% interest rate. Here you should note that the interest is just 0.1%. So the loan means that the borrower gets the loan on soft terms. In other words in less rate of interest over the interest rate that actually prevails in the market. Such loans are called as concessional funding or soft financing. Also Japan has been a long standing partner for Sri Lanka and one of Sri Lanka's biggest donors in the recent decades. The JIE container terminal at the Colombo port was developed with the help of Japan which supported its operations since 1980s. This news is important in the relations that India has with respect to Sri Lanka because last year even within the Sri Lankan government the President of Sri Lanka and the Prime Minister of Sri Lanka had differences of opinion in the involvement of India in developing this particular terminal. Because the President was against India's involvement in the national asset of Sri Lanka which is nothing but this terminal whereas the Prime Minister supported India. However diplomatic efforts were taken for the development of the port and the relation between the two countries after the entry of Japan. It has been stated that the significant proportion of the trans shipment business at the East container terminal and even the Colombo port are linked to India. Now the specialty of this deal is that here the sovereignty of the Sri Lankan government is not affected. Because Sri Lanka is going to have a majority stake of 51% in this joint initiative. But if you see the adjoining terminal which is called as the Colombo international container terminal in the Colombo port. The Sri Lankan government just owns 15% in the stake of the port whereas the remaining 85% of the stake is with China. Also the entire Hambantota seaport is also with China on a 99 year lease as Sri Lanka could not pay the loan obtained from China. So this is all you need to know about this particular news article. Now let us move on to the next news article. The next news is that Dipteria resurfaces in Tiruvannanda Puram district of the state of Kerala where a 10 year old boy from Parashala test positive for Dipteria. In this context let us see about Dipteria from Prillam's point of view. The information given under this article will be relevant in your prillams preparation under current events of national and international importance and next under general science. And it will also be relevant in your mains preparation in general series paper too under issues relating to development and management of social sector services relating to health. Dipteria is caused by a bacterium called corneobacterium dipteria. This disease primarily affects the throat and upper airways. Also this bacterium produces a toxin that affects the other organs of the body as well. So if you see the major symptoms of Dipteria they include sore throat, low levels of fever, swollen glands in the neck. Now the Dipteria toxin that is produced by this bacteria causes a membrane of dead tissues. So this will build up over the throat and tonsils in the human body and because of this the humans will find breathing and swallowing difficult. Next let us see the mode of transmission of this Dipteria disease. Dipteria can spread through direct physical contact. Also they can spread through air which means they are airborne. So even the cough or sneeze of an infected individual can be dangerous to a healthy individual. Now if you see in the news article the health administration of that particular Thiruvananthapuram district has told that all the family members or the contacts would be administered with necessary medification since it is an airborne infection. Now if you see Dipteria is fatal in 5 to 10 percentage of the cases which means if 100 cases of Dipteria reported at least 5 or 10 people will die. So this high mortality in the death that is the death rates can especially be seen amongst the young children. Now let us see the treatment of Dipteria. Dipteria can be treated by administering Dipteria antitoxin. So how this antitoxin will work is like they will neutralize the effects of the toxin that is produced by this Dipteria bacteria.  Next coming to the vaccine there is a Dipteria vaccine which is available for curing the Dipteria. This Dipteria vaccine is a bacterial toxoid. So here a toxoid means a toxin whose toxicity has been inactivated. The vaccine is normally given in combination with other vaccines as a DTP vaccine or pentavalent vaccine. So here a DTP means Dipteria tetanus oofing cough vaccine or the purchases vaccine. And pentavalent means DTP vaccine plus two more vaccines. Here just know that PENTA means 5. Now for adolescents and adults the Dipteria toxoid is frequently combined with tetanus toxoid in lower concentrations. So here you need to know by the term adolescents. Adolescents means the individual in the age group of 13 to 19 years. So this particular definition is given in the national youth policy by the government of India. Now the World Health Organization recommends a three dose primary vaccination series with Dipteria containing vaccine followed by three booster doses. Now just know this for knowledge point of view. You need not require this for your exam preparation. If you see the primary vaccination series should begin as early as six week of age with subsequent doses given with a minimum interval of four weeks between each doses. Now the three booster doses they should preferably be given at the age of 12 to 23 months which is the first dose and at 4 to 7 years which is the second dose and also at 9 to 15 years which is the third dose. Ideally there should be at least four years between each booster doses. Now have a look at the practice prelims question. We shall discuss at the end of the analysis session. Let us move on to the next news article. The next news article is titled as post Balakot Indian Air Force zeroes in on key vulnerability. The discussion based on this article will be relevant in your prelim syllabus under current events of national importance and also under general science. This particular discussion can also be linked to your main syllabus in General Studies Paper 3 under science and technology. Next under achievements of Indians in science and technology, indignization of technology and developing new technology. The news article states that after the Balakot airstrike the Indian Air Force has identified a shortage of airborne warning and control system in short the Avax aircraft. Because the Avax provides around the clock surveillance this shortage of this particular Avax can be seen as a major deficiency. The airstrike and the aerial engagement that followed in the month of February were discussed in detail at the recent Air Force Commanders Conference. Here one of the senior officials noted that the Indian Air Force needs to have high end fighters for short commissions or irregular fighting. For increasing the resources the IAF is depending on the Rafale fighters which are to be inducted soon. If you see a new fighter aircraft and the Indignous Light Combat Aircraft MK2 that is being developed are making up for the shortage as of now. The aircraft induction is a long term measure so in the short term the IAF or the Indian Air Force has identified Avax, software defined radios and close in weapon systems as immediate requirements. Additionally the news article is also telling that Pakistan currently has an advantage because they have more Avax men compared to us. So the Pakistan is having seven Avax and is able to keep one Avax on the Indian side to have surveillance over India. Currently IAF operates three Israeli Falcon Avax and two Indignous Netra airborne early warning and control system. The Netra system is developed by the Defense Research and Development Organization and soon the Indian Air Force is said to take the third Netra system from DRDO. Now we saw something about Avax and also about Netra from this news article. So let us discuss some facts about both these from examination point of view. First let us see Avax. Avax is the acronym for Airborne Warning and Control System. So this Avax is an airborne surveillance radar. It can maintain situational awareness of the potential targets and also the friendly aircrafts over hundreds of square miles of airspace and that also in all the directions. So it is a force multiplier technology which is available with modern air forces around the world. By operating radars from airborne platforms the airspace can be monitored from ranges of more than 400 kilometers away. If you see the Avax is similar to operational headquarters that operates from the land but this Avax operates in the air. The Avax system can detect threats and provide early warning of enemy aircraft and also the missiles. It can also direct its own aircraft and air defense systems to neutralize the threat. Now let us see about Netra. Netra is an airborne early warning and control aircraft or in short the AEW and C aircraft. This particular Netra provides surveillance and radar coverage for combat fighter jets. Now if you remember the Balakot asterisks that was carried out by India. It was Netra that guided the entire mission and it was the operational brain behind the attack. Netra is indignously designed and developed by the scientists of the Defense Research and Development Organization. This particular Netra system alerts the pilots of incoming missiles as it has infrared detection capability. The infrared detection capability can see the hot exhaust of the missiles. As per DRDO sources Netra can track targets which are 450 to 500 kilometers deep into the enemy territory. For example without crossing the line of control we can track the targets in Pakistan. Also while being airborne that is while flying this particular Netra has an almost 120 degree view of enemy territory. So Netra can secretly listen to all the communications that take place among the enemy's armed forces. It also gathers all the electronic intelligence and beams it back life to the commanders on the ground. Netra is capable of flying for 5 hours at a stretch but with air to air refuelling that is refuelling in the mid air it can also fly for 9 hours. Now have a look at the practice prelims question which I will discuss at the end of the analysis session. Let us move on to the next news article. The next article is titled as scientists give the thumbs up for Anthropocene Epoch. The discussion under this article will be relevant in your prelim syllabus under current events of international importance. The news article talks about new geological epoch. Here epoch means a division of time that is a subdivision of a period and it is subdivided into ages corresponding to a series in chronostatic graphy. If you see this is a new geological epoch which is going to be designated and this epoch is named as Anthropocene Epoch. The kinds of decisions like designating a new geological epoch is not a very easy task the decision has to undergo a lot of scrutiny. So for a designating Anthropocene Epoch a 34 member panel of the Anthropocene Working Group or AWG voted in favour of this decision. Know that the AWG was established in the year 2009 as a working group within the International Commission on Static Graphy. ICS regulates the way in which the time, name, rank and stratigraphic markers of new geological periods are approved. You should know that stratigraphy is the branch of geology that is concerned with the order and relative position of strata and the relationship to the geological time scale. According to journal Nature the panel plans to submit a formal proposal to the International Commission on Static Graphy for the new epoch that is by the year 2021. Once a formal proposal is made by the AWG it will be considered by several more groups of the International Commission on Static Graphy. The final ratification will be made by the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences. Now this vote by the panel signals the end of the Holocene Epoch which began 11700 years ago. But keep in mind that the Anthropocene is currently not a formally defined geological unit within the geological time scale. We officially still live within the Megalion Age of the Holocene Epoch. Now let us know some facts about the Anthropocene. Here Anthropo means human or humanoid and scene means new which usually denotes a geological period. The term Anthropocene was coined in the year 2000 by Nobel laureate Paul Crudson and Eugene Sturmer. The Anthropocene denotes the present geological time interval and during this time interval the human activity has profoundly altered many conditions and processes on earth. Remember that the Anthropocene is coined as a geological time unit and as a potential addition to the geological time scale. According to AWG the phenomena associated with the Anthropocene include the following. Firstly, an order of magnitude increase in erosion and sediment transport which is associated with urbanization and agriculture. Here the order of magnitude is a class in the system of classification which is determined by size. Then mark an abrupt anthropogenic perturbations or alterations of the cycles of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and various metals together with new chemical compounds could happen. The next phenomena is the environmental changes generated by these perturbations or alterations which are global warming, sea level rise, ocean acidification and spreading of oceanic dead zones. The less oxygen dissolved in the water is often referred to as a dead zone because most marine life either dies or if they are mobile such as fish leave the area. These zones are also created because of human activity like Newton pollution which is the primary cause of dead zones that is created by the humans. Excess nutrients that run off land or are piped as waste watered into the river and coasts can stimulate an overgrowth of algae. So this algae overgrowth then sinks and decomposes in the water. The decomposition process consumes a lot of oxygen and thus it depletes the supply available to the healthy marine life so that the marine life will not be having any oxygen to survive. Now if you remember a question on dead zones in Arabian Sea was asked in UPSC mains exam in the year 2018 in General Studies paper one just have a look at that. The next phenomena associated with the Anthropocene include rapid changes in the biosphere both on land and also in the sea. And this is happening as a result of habitat loss, predation, explosion of domestic animal populations and species invasions. And finally the proliferation or rapid increase of many new minerals and rocks and the global dispersion of these new minerals and rocks. They include concrete, fly ash and plastics and the countless techno fossils produced from these and other materials are also the phenomena associated with the Anthropocene. Note that many of these changes will persist for millennia or longer and they are altering the trajectory of the earth system. Some of them even have a permanent effect on the earth system. They are being reflected in a distinctive body of geological strata now accumulating with potential to be preserved into the far future. Further the focus is now on identifying a definitive geological marker. So this will technically be called as global boundaries stratotype section and point or also called as golden spike. This golden spike is to signal the beginning of the Anthropocene epoch. The golden spike must be present globally and should be a part of deposits for the geological record. So many in the AWG believe that artificial radionuclides would serve as a golden spike for Anthropocene because it is spread across the world by the atomic bomb test from the early 1950s. The radionuclides are present almost everywhere if you see from the marine sediments to the ice layers and even in the stalagmites and stalactites. Note that a stalactite is an icicle shaped formation that hangs from the ceiling of a cave. I would have seen this in some movies as well. It is produced by precipitation of minerals from water dripping through the cave ceiling. So most stalactites have pointed tips whereas a stalagmite is an upward growing mound of mineral deposits. These all have precipitated from water dripping onto the floor of a cave. But this we come to the end of this discussion. Now have a look at the practice problems question we shall discuss at the end of the analysis session. Let us move on to the next news article. This final news article is to clarify yesterday's news article on burnout. In yesterday's article we saw that burnout was declared as a medical condition for the first time in ICD-11 which is nothing but the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases by the World Health Organization. Here the World Health Organization has mistakenly said that it had listed burnout in its International Classification of Diseases for the first time. And also as a medical condition. So both these are wrong. The World Health Organization has clarified that burnout remains an occupational phenomenon that could lead someone to seek care but it is not considered as a medical condition. So please keep this in mind that burnout is not a medical condition but just an occupational phenomenon. Also burnout was listed in the previous version that is in the ICD-10. If you see ICD-10 was released in the year 1990 which is almost 19 years ago. Now only the definition of burnout has been changed in the latest edition of the text. So that now the World Health Organization has defined burnout as a syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic workplace stress that has not been successfully managed. So please take a note of this change made by the World Health Organization. Also the revised PDF of the Hindu News Analysis on 28th of May 2019 is given in the link below. The question which was based on this wrong info which was given by the World Health Organization is also removed from the PDF. Let us now move on to the practice question discussion session. First question with reference to the system of air quality and weather forecasting suffer which among the following statements given below are correct. So here the first statement is correct as it is first of its kind in the country and provides location specific information on air quality in near real time. And also the forecast are 1 to 3 days given in advance which is also the first time in India. So from this we can eliminate option C and D which does not contain statement 1. Now the second statement states that suffer monitors air quality parameters such as PM2.5, carbon monoxide, benzene, toluene, etc. This is also correct because suffer monitors PM1, particulate matter 2.5, PM10, sulphur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides like N1 and N2 also carbon monoxide, methane, volatile organic compounds and also monitors the existence of benzene, toluene and xylene. So here the statement 2 is correct. Here in this question if you see the remaining options A and B, B does not have statement 2. So from this the correct answer to this question is option A1 and 2. But also the statement 3 is partially correct as it is implemented in 4 cities of India in Delhi, Pune, Mumbai and Ahmedabad but not in Kolkata. So this particular statement is wrong. Then statement 4 is also wrong because keep in mind that suffer was indignously developed by the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology which is located in Pune and not by the Indian Meteorological Department. But this particular program is operationalized by Indian Meteorological Department. So this question is asked for the correct statements. The correct answer is option A1 and 2 only. Moving on to the next question with reference to diphtheria consider the following statements. They have given our two statements. So here the first statement is a fact which has already been mentioned in our discussion that is diphtheria is an airborne bacterial infection. So this statement is correct. Here the second statement is wrong. We are having diphtheria vaccines for treating diphtheria. It is not that vaccines are not available. So we also saw that diphtheria vaccine is used in combination as a DPT vaccine or pentavalent vaccine as well. So here the question is asked for the correct statements. The correct answer is option A1 only. Moving on to the next question. What is airborne warning and control system in short a wax sometimes seen in news? So in this question if you see it states airborne but here all the options are related to air. So we cannot eliminate any option based on this. It has a warning word in the question. So this means we can somehow eliminate add to air missile option. And as this particular add to air missile option is a missile but not a warning system. And if you have paid attention to the analysis session you know that a wax is related to airborne military attack. So we can eliminate option A also because it is about air quality and not totally related to the military attack. Now the confusion may arise between option B and C because both of them sound like they belong to the area military attack. But if you see option C it is only missile approach warning and not other kinds of attack. Even though this option seems to be relevant you cannot mark this option. Because if you see in UPSC problems examination you have to choose the most relevant option. Here the airborne surveillance radar option means every type of surveillance in the air. So the most relevant and the correct option to this question is option B. Also remember that a wax can detect threats and provide early warning of enemy aircraft and missiles. Also it can direct its own aircraft and air defense systems to neutralize the threat. Moving on to the next question the term Anthropocene recently seen in news denotes which among the following. So if you had paid attention to the analysis part you know the correct answer directly. But if you have not paid attention to our analysis then while answering this question you can easily get tricked. Because many of us know that anthropoterm is related to humans. So immediately we will mark the option which has the mentioning of the word human here. Here we have human word in the option A. So if you mark this option the answer is going to be wrong only. The word anthropo means humans only. But here the term Anthropocene ends with scene. So the scene denotes a new geological period and not robotics. So the correct answer to this question is option C. A new geological epoch. Anthropocene denotes the present geological time interval when the human activity has profoundly altered many conditions and processes. Now let us move on to the practice main question. This will be appearing in paper 3. The question is among several factors for sustaining India's potential growth rate. Capital formation and investments are the most required one. Do you agree? What are the other factors available for sustaining the growth potential? Now this question is partly an opinion based question. The first statement here is an opinion based statement. It asks if you agree that capital formation is the important factor for sustaining India's potential or higher growth rates. If you feel that capital formation which means the formation of fixed assets such as public infrastructure, plant, machinery etc. will increase India's growth rate. You can start your answer by mentioning the importance of capital formation and also the importance of investments in the capital formation. But if you are not agreeing you can just mention the other factors such as which you consider are most important for sustaining the higher growth rates. The second part of the question asks you to mention the other factors that are available to sustain the growth potential. So here you can mention the other factors such as stress banking sector, unemployment, agrarian distress etc. To answer this particular statement we have discussed all these factors in today's editorial analysis. With this we come to the end of today's analysis of all the news articles along with the practice question discussion. Please do like, comment and share the video and please do subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy YouTube channel for latest videos and updates. Stay focused and motivated friends. Thank you.


Happy Sunday evening. I haven't been live for a while, but I wanted to go over I wanted to go over what your target is for 2019 My wife's in target. I'm hanging out. I'm like, you know what? I'm gonna jump on. I'm gonna talk to YouTube Hope you guys have hope you guys are having an awesome weekend. So one of the things I want to talk about tonight is is your target for 2019 Most insurance agents struggle with what to do on a consistent basis And so I want to break that down a little bit just in basis And so I want to break that down a little bit because I feel like it Let me know when you guys join because I want to hear from you I feel like most insurance agents agents don't know what to do consistently to have success So if they could do something Consistently every single day or every single week Whatever that target is the way I'm able to hit targets generally and what helps me kind of think about hitting the target is okay For 2019, let's just say that the target is $250,000 whatever it is. I want you to break down what you need to do Since filming can't hear me can you hear me now buddy? All right, cool. So I want you guys to break down When you're say the target $200,000, I want you to break that number down in in grave detail What you need to do every six months months Week day whatever you need to do consistently to hit that target, but I want to go even deeper I want to make this video a little bit more about activity because I feel like a lot of agents if they door-knocked On 20 doors every single day, they would have success Even if it was cold door-knocking Simply from the activity most agents fell because they're lazy if you can focus on because there's a lot of moving partners business You can get super crazy. You don't know what to do when to do it. It can be overwhelming way too much Say hello my wife Lauren. Hello Cuz the fact that it's crazy and everything's going 90 miles an hour You don't know what to do. You're like, hey, should I do P&C? Should I do life? Should I do Medicare? Should I cold call? Should I should I buy leads? Should I door knocks? I work my own market. Should I this this this that in the other? I want to make it really really simple figure out whatever you need to do to hit your target and Do that consistently every single day so because It's it's easier for us to focus if we have a clear target It can be really difficult to hit a target with all the craziness that we have But if you can have a clear target and know what you need to do every single day to hit that target for instance I'm actually putting something together for Agents that I know that are wanting to get into door knocking and leads Where they can use new and age leads and knock a total of a hundred doors a week That's 20 doors a day to end up selling a handful of apps a week Simply by having a clear goal of hey, I'm gonna knock 20 leads every single day I don't care if they're new aged or totally cold if you do that activity You have a better chance of success than not doing anything at all most agents struggle with the fact of hey I don't know what I want to do I've got all this different stuff I can do and then it's analysis paralysis We don't do anything because there's so many things going on that we could be doing and so we don't end up doing a Activity consistently that's one of the things that I preached as a new agent and I did was I hit Targets and I was consistent about my activity I'll even I'll even quiz my wife for a second just because then she's not even prepared No, but babe How many what was my target for back when I was a new agent 19 in college playing basketball What was my target for a number of appointments that I wanted to run every single week 10 Ten there you have it. I knew I wanted to run 10 appointments every single week That's a target it makes it easier to hit a big goal because I had a weekly target and I didn't prefer at all She didn't know I was gonna be live a video when she came on a target But I I had a target every single week if I if I sat down with 10 people. I had success So I want you to figure out what is that? Non-negotiable. What is that target whether it's daily or weekly? Maybe it's maybe it's when you doorknock 60 leads whether they're new or aged you have success Well, then do that even if you only doorknock four days a week That's only 15 doors a day figure out what that non-negotiable is figure out what that target is figure out what the activity Activity needed to do to hit that target and then do it I'm about to jump into Colton's eat a quick dinner if my wife I think my sister's meeting us they sponsor our radio show here locally that we do on there our local ESPN station Have a target for 20 I'm gonna break this video down have a target for 2019 Figure out which what type of activity you need to do To actually have success and have a chance hitting that target and then consistently do that activity Every single day in every week and track it. Those are the kind of the three steps to break down You having a target for 2019 92% of insurance agents fell most agents What do you mean the average income for interest agents like 48 grand you want to make a hundred K in 2019? Set the target at 100 K The next step break down the numbers and figure out what you need to do Consistently if the target's a hundred grand that's $2,000 a week that means you need about three And about about about three cells a week three or four cells a week depending on commission level three or four Cells a week to get three to four cells a week. You need to get into about six to eight homes so to get in eight homes Maybe you need to doorknock Maybe a third maybe a third of them will let you in seem to talk to 24 people Maybe a third of them will answer the doors. Maybe you did maybe you need to doorknock 72 doors a week between new and aged leads if I knock if I knock 72 Doors a week between new and aged leads and have a route I'm gonna make a hundred K and yeah, there's there's easier ways to succeed There's easier ways to make a hundred grand and people would say dude You're giving people the wrong advice. They should set appointment. They should be more efficient They should do this and that and they're right but 92% of insurance agents still fell so some consistent advice is a lot better than no advice Having a target knowing what you need to do Consistently to hit that target. You just heard me break it down. That's what I think about everything when I do coaching session with agents I Break everything down. I just did a coaching session with a PNC agent from California We broke his target down. He knew what he needed to do Daily to hit that target and now it's up to him to not be lazy and consistently do that to hit that target Dude Rob, it isn't reassuring. It isn't glamorous. It isn't cool But unfortunately it is true And that's why we have 8 nation that we get together with about a thousand insurance agents 1500 insurance agents 2000 insurance agents to focus on being a part of the 8 percent I'm gonna I'm gonna jump in and go to dinner. I want you guys to put in comments below What is your target for 2019? What do you need to do?  Thanks for watching


Howdy how's it going? My name's Davy Chappie and it's time to venture into the lore of the most powerful party balloons in all of Dungeons and Dragons history, the Beholder! I'm gonna talk about the lore of the Beholder from its origins to its daily life and I'm gonna talk about what to do if you end up staring down a Beholder and you just can't see eye to eye and eye and eye and eye and eye and eye. As always keep in mind that a lot of this is just my opinion, so if you feel like I can't fully BEHOLD the power of these creatures, feel free to run your Beholders however you want. But with that out of the way, let's behold.     And when I say anyone who bothers them, I can really shorten that sentence to just anyone.   Their paranoia is so great that even when they do acquire a nice repertoire of minions to faithfully serve the big round, Beholders have a tendency to randomly kill off unsuspecting minions just to see if maybe they hit a spy hidden within their ranks. To a Beholder, the whole world is its oyster, and that oyster is bad.  In fact, the whole purpose of a Beholder is just to prove that it is the most powerful being to ever float the face of the earth. And they truly believe it so whole-bodedly that just for a moment their paranoia actually starts to make sense. See, Beholders are true masters of big brain time, meaning that they can think up not just any possible outcome of a situation, but all of them at once, making fighting against them an absolute chore since sneak attacks and secret traps are all but impossible to pull off because a Beholder has absolute Batman levels of foresight against attacks against it and spends all of its time thinking about possible scenarios wherein its enemies might try to pop its bubble of superiority. Literally any bad thing that happens to it has to be the work of an enemy stand. From rats in the kitchen clearly being sent there by a rat lord that is jealous of his food intake to a band of plucky adventurers trying to kill it because just look at it, it's a beholder, it's perfect. Why wouldn't they be jealous? To its food being too cold because the cook who made it is subtly plotting against it in an effort to make the food quality progressively worse and worse so that the chef will have an excuse to add new types of flavoring to the dish but it's not going to be real flavoring, it's just poison, and now a cook has to die. It's because of this thought process that Beholders have to charm their minions into serving them because people don't appreciate being disintegrated normally and Beholders find that as proof of their guilt. The mind of Beholder is so powerful in fact that it's actually what led to Beholders being created in the first place. Now no one's really sure where the very first ones came from but what is known is that when a Beholder goes to sleep, its mind going dormant while its eye stalks continue to scout the world to ensure maximum awareness against assassins. That Beholder may dream of the concept of what a Beholder is meant to be. It dreams of perfection given boisterous wobbly form and the mere act of a Beholder subconsciously thinking of a perfect being that isn't itself creates a fold in the material world. That fold manifests itself with big brain energy of its own and out pops a new Beholder. Such a thing happening is rare but when it does happen, both Beholders look at each other for a quick moment making direct eyes contact before they both attack each other with the force of a thousand beams. Now in most cases this leads to a stalemate as the main eye of a Beholder is an anti-magic field so literally all of their beams are useless and they have no choice but to just float there like a couple of chuckleheads until they either leave on mutually displeased terms or they ram into each other and start fighting. But depending on the type of dream that the Beholder is having, the species of Beholder that's brought into the world might be a little different than normal. For instance, if the Beholder was dreaming of blood during its aforementioned folding of space and the creature created won't be your average run-of-the-mill soccer ball, it will instead be a death kiss that constantly looks to drain everyone's blood so that it will never run out of its own. A Beholder that has its mind addled may dream up a tiny little geyser that could be then kept as a pet and even Goths and spectators come from other planes of existence where the idea of a Beholder is alien to even, well, aliens. Finally, if a Beholder manages to live an exorbitant amount of time and spends enough of that time speculating on the concept of its own death, then that Beholder has a chance of shaking its normal basketbally shackles and evolving into a greater form, a moldy undead basketball that is way harder to kill and yet still fears Michael Jordan. And that leads us to the most important bit of this whole guide, the part that you would-be Spedungeoners will need if there's ever a time that you come in contact with the eye of the Beholders and that is tactics to survive the ball game. So, picture this with me for a moment. You messed up, you somehow got roped into a plot to defeat a Beholder or maybe you just ended up on the wrong side of the eyelashes and now it wants you dead for one reason or all the others. In either case, your options depend largely on the situation at hand.  Running is a beautiful thing that Beholders can only dream of because they don't have legs. Actually, on second thought, maybe it's better that they don't dream about that. But the point is that Beholders are actually super slow and they can't keep up with you if you make a tactical retreat all the way back to the tavern that you crawled out of. In most circumstances, this is what I would advise and Beholders tend to not care about fleeing enemies as much as non-fleeing enemies just because they see it as an understood fact that they're superior and so people running away is just sort of what they're supposed to do. Just make sure that you either run pretty far or that you run at least further than all of your friends because those beams have an absolute range of ouch. Now, there may come scenarios where you are either unable or unwilling to do the smart thing and leave that massive orb of girthiness alone and in this case your options are limited unless your level happens to be high enough where you can just brute force your way through everything. See, in combat, a Beholder has three main advantages going for it that make it a chore for parties to handle. Firstly, Beholders can fly, meaning melee characters either have to get really swollen the legs or they have to find a way to float up to spike that ball back into the tennis court. Knocking them out doesn't work because it'll just keep floating in place and knocking them prone doesn't work because they are literally a ball and trying to weigh it down is practically impossible because it is a ball. How do you even push it? It will just roll. Now, assuming that you can deal with the flying problem, don't rely on magic to keep you in the game as the main big eye of the Beholder is once again a giant anti-magic cone so at least one caster is just going to be shut down at a given time. Finally, all of those eye beams will shoot independently of the main Beholder as in it can split its mind in a million different ways to worry about all of its problems at once so overwhelming it isn't even possible it's just too round. That means that it'll prioritize whatever beam it wants to solve whichever problems are bothering it at the time i.e. you and these beams come in all sorts of different flavors such as charming, paralyzing, fearing, slowing, innervationing, telekineticing, sleeping, petrificationing, disintegrating, and deathing. So as long as none of those things are a problem for you, you'll be fine. But there is still hope for those poor unfortunate souls who find themselves within the radius of the great round one and that is to stay out of its line of sight. I know that's sort of obvious but it may not be obvious enough that absolutely none of its abilities can work if it can't actually see you well enough to fire its beams. Now that does not mean fight it in the dark. Beholders can see in darkness twice as far as most other dark dwellers and sense it can float.  But if you can manage to turn invisible via magical means then as long as you don't get within sight of that big main eye that'll turn off your magic invisibility then you should be able to do something in the way of strategy. Of course different types of beholders are different either via a number of eyes or in weird special powers that an individual beholder cousin might possess. So I really can't stress that the best way to fight a beholder is to not fight one at all lest you be dunked on by some giant balls. But that'll about do it. I hope you enjoyed this video. Leave a like, comment, subscribe, ring the bell, join my Patreon so that Big Davy is always watching, and if you want the real secret to defeating a beholder it's contact lenses. Beholders don't have hands, it's the perfect plan. But yeah, Davy out.


Benefits of using songs in the classroom, a mother's and a teacher's opinion. As the mother of a three-year-old son born in Spain to British parents, I have found that singing the same song in both English and Spanish, has helped my son become bilingual. Quicker learning. Provided it is done in a fun and interesting way, James appears to retain information much quicker when presented to him in song form. For example we sing the days of the week, first in English and then in Spanish, both to the same tune and he enjoys repeating these over and over. I have also used the tune from the song If You Are Happy and You Know It, to teach him different types of actions, like turn around or touch your nose. Which I strongly believe helped him learn all these actions quicker, because they were in song form. Total physical response. We often sing nursery rhymes which involve actions also. James connects the language with the gesture or movement. He regards it as fun and a form of play. According to a good friend of mine who co-founded the English Academy in Benelmodena, and has been teaching English to Spanish students for over 10 years now, an effective way of teaching verbs to young students is to put them in rap form. This appears to help students retain the information much quicker and easier whilst also being fun and engaging. My surprising observation. About a month ago I sat in on an English lesson with 8 Spanish students aged between 5 and 6. The aim was to teach the names of different animals. The teacher used a mixture of soft toys, some coloring in materials, and some textbook material throughout the lesson. As an observer I had noticed, that at different times during the class some of the children had appeared disengaged and almost bored. However towards the end of the lesson, the teacher played a song about animals. All the children immediately jumped out of their seats and began singing and dancing along. It was clear they were all familiar with the song and all knew the words. Singing appeared to be the one medium which engaged all of them. Latest Researches. Research suggests that teaching a language in the form of a song often reduces stress levels, and could extend a child's attention span in the classroom. Teaching in this environment must be beneficial to both the teacher and students. There was a study in 2016 called The Effect of Using Songs on Young Learners and Their Motivation for Learning English, by Nihad Dalibagovik Zanik and Alisa Pajit from the University of Tuzla. The study was carried out among 28 second grade, 7-8 years of age, primary students of Maitan Primary School in Tuzla, Bosnia, and Herzegovina. The results showed that songs have a positive influence on vocabulary retention of young learners. Do you want to teach English abroad? Take a TEFL course today. The reason I chose this subject for my final essay is that when I become a teacher, my goal will be to teach young learners. Whom I believe, are the perfect students to use plenty of songs in the classroom. Because I have enjoyed teaching my son songs in English so much, that was one of the reasons why I decided to teach English as a foreign language to children, and I am very much looking forward to doing so by using plenty of songs. Thanks so much for watching. We are ITTT, the leading provider for TEFL and TESOL training courses. If you liked this video, please subscribe by clicking that button down here and click on any of the videos here on the left for more interesting teaching tips for getting certified to teach English abroad and online.


far. Brooke decided to bestow some southern hospitality on a fellow citizen, and the 30-year-old patiently waited so she could hold the door for the other woman. While some might call the gesture an act of kindness, it was just good manners and a show of respect. What happened next, however, is another story. After the two women entered the restaurant, Brooke, who was by herself, heard the other woman make a remark to the waitress, according to New York Daily News. Although she initially hesitated, Brooke was compelled to speak up. What unfolded from there was recalled in a Facebook post by Brooke, which quickly went viral. And it's easy to see why. She was very thankful and sweet, Brooke wrote, explaining how the woman reacted to her politely holding the door as she entered the unnamed restaurant. She then told the waitress, table for one, Brooke recalled. After hearing those words, Brooke admitted that she initially waited and hesitated before deciding to walk over and bestow a true act of kindness on the other woman. I'm eating by myself too, would you like to have lunch together? Brooke recalled saying to the woman as she extended an invitation to dine with her, according to Today. Not only did she take Brooke up on her offer, but the lady, who Brooke learned was named Dolores, was ecstatic. After being seated together, the two talked at length during their meal, according to ABC6. Their conversation revealed the sad details of Dolores' life and the difficult time she was going through. Come to find out, she spent the last decade living with her mom, who recently passed away, and her aunt, who recently was put into a nursing home, Brooke wrote. She has been having a hard time being alone. Dolores was extremely grateful to have someone to talk to. She just kept smiling and saying thank you for listening to me, which made me smile too. Brooke admitted. Her words healed my heart just as much as I healed her lonely one, she added, calling her impromptu invitation by far the best decision she had made all year. But, their story doesn't end there. Brooke and Dolores both enjoyed the encounters so much that they decided to have lunch every Thursday from that point on. It's unknown how many lunches that turned out to be however. Brooke later updated her post, revealing that Dolores passed away soon after, making the story all the sweeter. Thanks to the love and compassion Brooke showed her, Dolores was able to escape the loneliness she had been feeling at the end of her life, as well as touch many lives in a positive way. With millions of likes and hundreds of thousands of shares and comments, the brief encounter struck a chord across the country as it reminded us that a true act of kindness can pave the way for a much needed friendship. Two people, who may be complete opposites, can forge a meaningful relationship with one another. All it takes is reaching out when someone appears in need. The best present we can give is often our presence. An ear to listen doesn't cost a thing, but the results can be priceless. Brooke found this out when a little voice inside her prompted a simple offer that turned out to be exactly what both women needed just in the nick of time. That's the power of God. Neither new Dolores days were numbered as they sat down together, but we shouldn't have to know such a thing to extend a small part of ourselves to another person. It's all about opening doors when we are gifted with the opportunity to be the answer to someone's prayers. Brooke Ochoa heard that call when she was compelled to offer a stranger a little company. In honor of Dolores, let's hope others read and remember this story and are willing to do the same.


And now, Auto-Lite and its 60,000 dealers and service stations present... Suspense! Tonight, Auto-Lite brings you James Mason and Pamela Colino in Agatha Christie's, where there's a will. A suspense play, produced and directed by Anton M. Leader. Friends, have you ever been in a dilemma, I mean in a fix, like having to get started in a hurry and your motor won't turn over? Well, what you need is an Auto-Lite stay-full battery, that dandy dynamic battery you can definitely depend on. Why, by Cornelius, an Auto-Lite stay-full battery needs water only three times a year in normal car use? You can say, bravura for that aquapura. Plenty of extra liquid reserve, yes, siri. And it has extra plates in every cell, that means longer life and stronger life. What's more, those plates are protected against loss by fiberglass insulation. I can't say enough about Auto-Lite stay-full batteries. Those marvelous marvels with more liquid reserve than Hollywood has stars. So, get wise, get an Auto-Lite stay-full. Remember, you're right with Auto-Lite. And now, Auto-Lite presents James Mason and Pamela Colino in A Tale Well Calculated to Keep You in Suspense.  I have some excellent scotch. Never mind that, Ridway. I've come to find out when you can raise ten thousand pounds. I see. Yes, I see. Well, Mr. Jepsen, ten thousand pounds is a great deal of money. It's what's needed to cover your notes. Yes, that's right. But you know, Mr. Jepsen, you might just let me write you one more IOU and try again. Your luck's run out, Ridway. Well, I wasn't much of a gambler anyhow, was I? Perhaps it's just as well I've learned my lesson. How long, Mr. Jepsen, would you say I have to raise the money? Four weeks. I see, four weeks. And if I should fail to raise the money? Hmm? I see. Well, you make yourself very clear, Mr. Jepsen. But then perhaps all's not lost. Mrs. Harder, my aunt, has had the foresight to draw up a new will, making me her heir. The money was to go to a niece, my cousin Miriam, but now a new will's been drawn up. Aunt Mary finds me a much more satisfactory than poor Miriam, the very spirit of solicitude I am, forever inquiring about her health, about her poor, weak heart. Four weeks. Is that right, Mr. Jepsen? That's right, Ridway. Or else. I see. Or else. That's when it began. That, plus the fortunate circumstance of the new will in my favour, decided me on my plan. Now, murder wouldn't look right. Nobody else living in the house but Aunt Mary and I and Elizabeth, the maid. And since I would benefit by forty thousand pounds, no, murder would not look right. I was fond of Aunt Mary. Well, a day or so after Mr. Jepsen's visit, there occurred to me a rather whimsical idea for a practical joke. The first thing was to determine the degree of weakness of Aunt Mary's weak heart. And so I arranged an appointment for her with Dr. Menel, the heart specialist in Harley Street. Just have a chair, Mr. Ridway. Thank you, Dr. Menel. Now, Mr. Ridway, as you requested, I've gone over your aunt, Mrs. Harder, thoroughly. And there is a heart weakness. How dreadful. But not terribly serious, Charles, Dr. Menel says. But my poor dear Aunt Mary. Dear Charles. Naturally, you're shocked, Mr. Ridway. But with the least care, she'll live to be ninety, I should think. However, her mind must be kept well distracted. Mind distracted? Yes. Distraction for the mind and no sudden shocks. That's most important. No sudden shocks. I see. Well, thank you, Dr. Not at all. Out this way, my private exit. No use going through the waiting room again, eh? Well, good day, Mrs. Harder. Good day, Dr. Goodbye, Dr. Oh, I'd say, Ridway. Yes? I minimized your aunt's condition just a bit. Didn't want to alarm her. You, uh, understand. Yes, of course. But what I said about no shocks, no fights. Most important. A good fight might very well carry her off. I see. I see. Well, uh, thank you, Dr. The next step was the radio. Aunt Mary must have a radio. But, Charles, you know I don't care for new fangled things. We've got on quite well without a wireless. I don't see why. We should have one now. But don't you remember what Tectomanel said? Aunt Mary, the mind distracted, well distracted. Those were his very words. You know, I'm only thinking of your heart. I know you are, dear Charles. That's better, Aunt Mary. That's more like yourself.  Thank you, Aunt Mary. Now, about the radio. But really, Charles? No, no, no. You really ought to trust my judgment.   Some of the equipment's still in one of my boxes somewhere about. So, you see, I know. But the waves, Charles, the electric waves, they might affect me. There's no more electricity about it than there is about an electric light. Radio waves aren't electric. But, Charles, it makes a frightful noise. We'll have it tuned in a minute. Here we are. What is it? The Spanish idea. Madrid, propaganda. There's France. What do you think of that? You can tune in the whole world, the whole world.  From Madrid, Paris, New York, and beyond. Beyond. Who knows how far beyond. Well, I must say, Charles, you're quite poetic about it. Am I? Yes. Yes, I suppose I am. That was the first inkling I had that my little practical joke was going to be fun. The acting and coaxing poor dear Aunt Mary along, bit by bit. Every evening she'd sit by the radio, listening to the news on the BBC Home Service and the classical music on the third program. Then, one morning, I attached a wire into the radio while she was still in bed, ran it along under the carpet into the small anteroom of the sitting room where the radio stood, took the hand microphone left over from Miami to her sending days and hooked it to the other end of the wire. And everything was all ready. That evening, I backed the car out of the garage and started off for my regular Wednesday evening of bridge. But I drove only a short way, then parked behind a hedge and walked back to the house. I let myself in the side door and went into the small room of the sitting room where Aunt Mary sat alone listening to the radio. It was the third program, a program of Beethoven. I opened the door the slightest crack. The moment had come and I felt my heart beating with strange emotion. I saw in my mind's eye Aunt Mary and the dimly lit sitting room and I almost felt the mood she must be feeling as she sat dreamily immersed in the shifting strains of music. I picked up the microphone and... Mary, can you hear me Mary? This is Patrick. What? This is Patrick, your husband speaking from the other side. I am coming for you soon. Will you be ready, Mary? Patrick? Will you be ready, Mary? Patrick! For Suspense, Auto Light is bringing you James Mason and Pamela Colino in Radio's Outstanding Theatre of Thrills Suspense. I spent Washington's birthday telling my young nephew the story of George Washington. What a great man he was, how he always told the truth. Well, it was nice to hear, no? This younger generation should know about George Washington. And to illustrate, I told him how I always tell the truth about Auto Light's day full batteries. Those marvelous, wonderful, get-up-and-get batteries with the extra reserve of water. Why, son, I told him a camel is practically dehydrated compared to an Auto Light's day full battery because an Auto Light's day full battery needs water only three times a year in normal car use. But how, no, you were telling your nephew about George Washington. Always tell the truth, I told him, like I tell the people about the punchy power for peppy performance packed in an Auto Light's day full battery because of that ample sample of H2O. Yes, by Cornelius, I told him an Auto Light's day full battery needs water only three times a year in normal car use.  I told him about the fiberglass insulation between plates that adds months to the life of an Auto Light's day full battery. I'm sure the kid learned a lot about George Washington. But wait, here's suspense. And now, Auto Light brings back to our Hollywood soundstage James Mason, who will be joined by his wife Pamela Colino in Where there's a will, a tale well-calculated to keep you in. Suspense! After I'd spoken with the voice of Aunt Mary's dead husband, I waited a moment. Then, very cautiously, I looked into the sitting room. Aunt Mary was sitting bolt upright, transfixed. Then a sob broke from her as she looked toward the radio, which was now innocently transmitting the BBC third program again. I had to bite my lips to keep from laughing. But Aunt Mary said nothing about her experience, so I was obliged the fourth morning after that at breakfast to say casually. Oh, I say, Aunt Mary. Yes, Charles? I was just wondering. Last evening. Yes, Charles? Aunt Mary, who's that funny old boy up in the spare room? The picture, that is. You know, the picture over the mantelpiece, the old boy with the beaver and the side whiskers? Well, really, Charles, your tone is most disrespectful. I'm sorry? It's your Uncle Patrick, Charles, my late husband. Oh, I say, I'm sorry. I'd no idea. After all, I never did know him, Aunt Mary. Very well, Charles. You see, I... I wondered. It was queer. Queer? What's queer? Are you trying to say something, Charles? Oh, no, no, no, not really. It's nothing. Nothing that makes any sense, I mean. I wish you would tell me what it was that made you ask me about the picture of your uncle. Well, if you will have it. I fancied. I saw him. Saw him? The man in the picture, I mean. The end window, when I was coming up the drive last night. What? Yeah, and later on I happened to drift into the spare room and there was the picture up over the mantelpiece, the same man. It's all quite easy to explain, really. I expect subconscious and all that. I must have noticed the picture before without realizing it and then just fancied the face in the window. Aunt Mary, is something the matter? Charles, my husband's face. Did you see it in the end window? Why, yes. Why? Only that that was Patrick's. Your late uncle's dressing room, Charles. The very absurdity of the story I made poor Aunt Mary believe was the fun, the clever roundabout way I played my role. The following Wednesday night I pretended to play off Pledgo and play Bridge again. I concealed myself in the room of the sitting room just as before, took up the microphone and spoke from the other world in the same sepulchral tones. Mary, on Friday I shall come for you. Friday at half past nine. At half past nine. Do not be afraid. There will be no pain. Be ready, Mary. When I came into her bedroom the next morning, Aunt Mary was speaking to Elizabeth in a most business-like manner.  I want you to take this letter I've written. Yes, ma'am. I wrote it last evening. If anything should happen Friday evening, you understand me? Yes, ma'am. Friday evening? But that's my night out. So it is, and you go right ahead. However, if anything shall have happened by the time you get back on Saturday, I want this letter delivered to Dr. Mail. Yes, ma'am. Now, the top left-hand drawer of my bureau. It's locked. The long key with a white label. Everything in the drawer is ready. Ready, ma'am? For my burial. Oh, ma'am, what are you saying? I thought you was in a site better health. Never mind that, Elizabeth. Don't be mortally. Oh, ma'am. Elizabeth, did I ever tell you how much I've left you in my will? Oh, no, ma'am. Well, I can't seem to remember. It was 50 pounds in the old will, and I raise it to 100. Well, at any rate, I want you to have 100 pounds. I'll have to look into it. But if anything should happen before I do, then Mr. Charles will see to it. Did I hear my name mentioned? Dear Aunt Mary? Oh, good morning, Charles. Yes, I was just saying to Elizabeth, I don't know if I've left her 50 or 100 pounds. But if anything should happen to me, it's to be 100 pounds. Well, I must say, that's a gloomy thing to be thinking about. Oh, Mr. Charles says she's been carrying almost all for just now. What's this? That's enough, Elizabeth. You may go now. Yes, ma'am. Yes, ma'am. Well, now, just what in the world is all this about?  Charles, what do you plan to be doing Friday evening? Friday evening? Well, as a matter of fact, the Ewing's asked me to go in and play a bridge. But if you'd rather I stayed at home... No, no, Charles. Actually, I'd prefer to be alone. Well, just as you wish. You know, I think I'll have Mr. Hopkinson send me the will. I want to find out about the request to Elizabeth. It's either 50 or 100 pounds. The rest, dear Charles, of course goes to you. Yes, dear Aunt Mary. Whatever you say. Friday evening, I'd picked that night because I knew it was Elizabeth's night off, and I wanted to be sure there's no one about. Friday evening, at eight o'clock, I drove away, waited for an hour to a lapse, then slipped back into the house. I looked through the crack in the door, and so Aunt Mary sitting in the high-back chair beside the radio. As I listened, the nine o'clock news ended, and a program of music was about to begin. It was a quarter-past nine, 15 minutes till the appointed time for the arrival of the dead Patrick. This time, I did not touch the microphone. I went upstairs, opened a comfort chest of old clothes in the spare room, took a tube of spirit gum from my pocket, and bent forward intently in front of a mirror. Sharp on the instant of half-past nine, there was a fumbling at the outer door of the house. And the front door slowly opened, and then there were slow, halting footsteps along the short hall to the sitting room where an old woman waited. The sitting room door opened. The time has come, Mary. Patrick! Practical joke had worked to perfection. Aunt Mary's poor old heart couldn't stand the strain of seeing her dead husband, Patrick, arrive in person to carry her off into the spirit world. I stepped over the body, which had fallen dangerously near the burning fire in the grate. I took the poker and thrusts and folds of paper that were lying in the ash into the fire to bring up a blaze, and in the blaze burned the false beard and side whiskers. I detached the wire fixed into the radio and took wire and microphone upstairs. I undressed and replaced Uncle Patrick's old-fashioned suit of clothes in the camphor chest in the spare room, where I'd found it. Then I dressed again and went off to play bridge at the Ewing's. Two days later... His heart as... I mean, this was Mrs. Heart as residence. Oh, just a moment. It's Mr. Jepsen, sir. All right, I'll take it. You may go, Elizabeth. Yes, sir. Ridgeway here. Anything wrong? Not yet. I just wanted you to know that I read about it in the daily standard, Ridgeway.  A pity? Let me remind you, you have one week left. I haven't forgotten. I've always announced my inheritance of 40,000 pounds. I'll have no difficulty borrowing. Then I'll pay up. Good. Remember this, Ridgeway. You don't pay up and I send you to the same place you sent to your Aunt Mary.  Or maybe it wouldn't be quite the same place, Ridgeway, now that you've got murder on your soul. Understand? I understand, Mr. Jepsen. That evening, Dr. Manel came to the house. I really did think you'd want to see this. You say Elizabeth brought it to you? Yes, she said it was one of Mrs. Harter's last requests that she do so. As a matter of fact, I do seem to remember. Yes, and I do recall seeing her give Elizabeth some such envelope as that. You've read the content? That's what's queer here. Suppose you have a look for yourself. All right. Tonight, Wednesday at 9.15, I have distinctly heard the voice of my dead husband. He told me that he would come for me on Friday night at 9.30. If I should die on that day and at that hour, I should like the fact made known so as to prove beyond question the possibility of communicating with the spirit world. Mary Harter. What do you make of it? I hardly know. It's a coincidence to say the least. She did die at nearly that very hour, 9.30, Friday night. I don't understand. In the circumstances, an autopsy is desirable, you understand. Purely as a metal form. Yes, yes, of course. Why not? Of course, everything must be done according to form. What's the matter with you, Charles? Have you lost your sense of humor? Finally, five days later. Mr. Hopkinson is here to see you, sir. Thank you, Elizabeth. That'll be all. Good morning, Mr. Ridgeway. Fightful morning. Mr. Hopkinson, about Mrs. Harter's Mayant's will... I did not quite understand your insistent messages to me, Mr. Ridgeway. You seemed to be under the impression the late Mrs. Harter's will was in our keeping. Well, yes, I've often heard Mayant say as much. Quite so. It was in our keeping. Was? That is what I said. Mrs. Harter wrote to us, however, asking that it be forwarded to her. There seemed to be some haste to the matter. At any rate, we got it out to her at once. She would have received it on Friday, the day of her death. I do seem to remember her making mention of it. Something about the bequest to Elizabeth. She wanted to check the amount. It must be about the house somewhere then. Elizabeth has been through Mrs. Harter's personal effects, I believe. Wait a moment. I'll call him. Elizabeth! Yes, Mr. Charles? Elizabeth, come here a moment, please. Yes, sir. Elizabeth, when you went through Mrs. Harter's things, was her will among them? No, sir. You're sure, Elizabeth? Yes, sir. You see, I know what it looked like. The poor mistress had it in her hand the very evening of her death when she sent me out. You're sure of that? Oh, yes, sir. She pointed out that about the 50 pounds to me, sir. She said that she told you to give me the other 50 pounds. Not that I mention it to press you, sir. No, no, no, of course not. The will was in a long blue envelope, sir. Quite right. The same blue envelope, Mr. Charles, sir, was lying on the radio table by her chair the morning after, but empty, sir. It was the envelope in which I dispatched the will to your aunt, Mr. Ridgeway. Mr. Ridgeway, was there a fire in the great on Friday evening? Yes, of course. I see. What are you driving at, Hopkinson? I'm afraid, Mr. Ridgeway, only one conclusion is possible. Your aunt sent for her will in order to destroy it. What? Yes, Mr. Ridgeway. But why? Why? You had no disagreement with your aunt, Mr. Ridgeway. Not at all. We were on the most affectionate terms right up to the end. Of course. Quite. Mr. Ridgeway, you will understand. Under the circumstances, we would oblige to investigate. Investigate? What do you mean? It happens that there is a former will of Mrs. Harter still extant. By it, Mrs. Harter leaves everything to her niece, to your cousin Miriam. To Miriam? Yes, but... As for the more recent will sent by me before her death to Mrs. Harter, it must have been burned in the great. Burned? The will was burned. Mr. Charles, can I get you something? No. No, I'll be all right. You may go on, Elizabeth. I'll run along too, Mr. Ridgeway. If there's nothing further. No, I'll telephone her. Quite. And yet there would seem to be little use for that. We've notified your cousin Miriam of her inheritance. As a matter of fact, I'm surprised you didn't know all this yourself. You see, we sent word round to the press yesterday. Well, good day, Mr. Ridgeway. Good day. I remembered some folds of paper that I thrust into the fire, to make it blaze up and burn the false beard and side whiskers, with which I'd frightened an old lady to death. And then I remembered something falling, a paper, a will, from an old woman's fingers as she stood frozen in terror to near the fire. I saw the fire again, consuming something... Consuming the will. Oh, my cleverness! Your maid said you weren't in, but I thought she was lying. I don't like liars, Ridgeway. Mr. Jepsen... I read the papers. I read who's going to inherit your aunt's money. I don't like liars. But I did think I was going to inherit, or... or why would I have killed her? You killed her? Of course. Oh, so you did kill her. I believe that'll do. All right, Inspector, that's what I wanted you to hear. Come in. What? Bring in the maid, too. That was very clever of you, Mr. Jepsen. I must confess, I had my doubts. Now, Mr. Ridgeway, you'd better come along. But I was only joking. Young woman. Yes, sir?  I did, sir, but he must have been joking. Never mind. That's enough. By the way, Mr. Ridgeway, you'll be interested in knowing, I'm sure, that we checked with Dr. Menel on the autopsy. According to his report, your aunt's heart was so weak she could not have lived another month. What are you laughing at? That's your joke, old man. Oh, your joke. Yes. It's just funny, isn't it? Very funny. Thank you, James Mason and Pamela Collino for a splendid performance. Now, Harlow Wilcox. Friends, auto lights stay full batteries, need water only three times a year in normal car use. And they're made by auto light men who make over 400 products for cars, trucks, airplanes, and boats in 28 auto light plants from coast to coast. Yes, sir, E, auto light also makes complete electrical systems for many makes of America's finest cars. Batteries, spark plugs, generators, starting motors, coils, distributors. All ignition engineer to fit together perfectly, work together perfectly, because they're a perfect team. So folks, don't accept electrical parts that are supposed to be as good. Ask for and insist on auto light original factory parts at your neighborhood service station, car dealer, garage, or repair shop. Remember, you're always right with auto light. Now, here again is... James Mason and wife... Pamela Collino. I hope you both enjoyed being on suspense tonight, and especially you, Mrs. Mason, even though the part of Elizabeth was small. Oh, yes, it was a lot of fun. You see, James and I learned a long time ago that it's not how loud the part is, but how much fun you have playing it. Besides, next time, Tony Leader has promised to find a script for me, in which James can play a butler or a cat or something. How about that, Mrs. Mason? I'm looking forward to it. And we're looking forward to next week, when Joan Fontaine will star in The Lovebirds, another gripping study in... Suspense! James Mason and Pamela Collino have just completed the book, The Cats in Our Lives. Tonight's suspense play was adapted by... Music was composed by... The entire production was under the direction of... Anton M. Leader. Now, here is great news. Beginning March 1, suspense on television may be seen in many areas of the country, Tuesdays at 9.30 p.m. ET. Auto-light electrical parts, auto-light resistor spark plugs, auto-light staple batteries at your neighborhood auto-light dealer. Next to auto-light. Good night. This is CBS, the Columbia Broadcasting System.