Now, we're ready to look at parallel circuits and the equivalent resistance calculation. This one's a little bit more of a complicated formula. In this case, in order to find the equivalent resistance, you've got your 1 over R1 plus 1 over R2 plus however many resistors you have, but it's 1 over that value to give you the equivalent resistance. This is similar to the series capacitors, so if you haven't watched that, you might want to go back and watch that video as well because I highlighted some of the common student mistakes when they're actually working with this equation. And I want to remind you that this equation came about because what we actually had was that 1 over the equivalent resistance was 1 over R1 plus 1 over R2, again continuing the pattern as far out as you needed to. So let's take an example with just two resistors and show you how that calculation works out. So in this case, I've got a 42 ohm resistor and a 21 ohm resistor. When I did these same things in series, I just added the 42 in the 21 to give me 62. But in this case, I've got 1 over 41, 1 over 21, and then it's 1 over that answer, which gives me 14 ohms. And yeah, I picked these numbers just to give us something even that works out. More often, you're going to end up having numbers that are going to have decimals or fractions in them. Now this particular equation is nice because it can extend out to more than just two resistors. So for example, if I've got three resistors, you just have 1 over R1 plus 1 over R2 plus 1 over R3. And once you've done that, it's 1 over that value. Or if you plug it into your calculator, 1 over and make sure you have those outside parentheses so that everything else remains on the bottom. Now in this case, I'm going to do an example that's got some smaller resistances in there. 1 over 1 over 2 ohms plus 1 over 3 ohms plus 1 over 4 ohms. And if you plug that into your calculator, you get 0.923 ohms. Now again, I'm going to point out here that just like the series capacitors, the parallel resistors, the equivalent resistance is always going to give you a number, which is smaller than the smallest of all the capacitors. So in this case, with the 2, the 3, and the 4, the 2 was the smallest. And my answer has to be smaller than 2, which it is. In this case up here, I had the 42 and the 21, the 21 was the smallest. And my equivalent resistance, 14 ohms, is smaller than that smallest one. In series, because you're just adding them, you always get a larger value. But in parallel, you always get a smaller value. And you can think of it in the sense of because I've got parallel circuits, there's more paths that the current could flow, which decreases the overall resistance of the system because there's more paths to follow as opposed to having less paths to follow. Now the other way that we can work with this equation, just to give me some room here, is what if it's not the equivalent resistance that you're trying to find, but you're trying to find either R1 or R2. In that case, it's better to go back to this form of the equation. So for example, if I was trying to find R1, what I want to do is I want to actually subtract over the 1 minus R2 to the other side. And then algebra wise, R1 would be 1 over the equivalent resistance minus 1 over the second resistance. And that would give me my value for R1. You could do something similar if you were solving for R2 and didn't know it, but knew the equivalent resistance and the R1 value. If you have more questions about these parallel equivalent resistances, certainly feel free to make a comment or send me a question. Again make sure you're using your parentheses and after you finish your calculations, make sure your value makes sense that it's a smaller value for the equivalent resistance.


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So I gather this is the heap, but what manner of place is it?  No Must have been the wind I'm given to understand. It sounds like voices sometimes Now let us begin our search for a monitoring station Welcome back to the croft box and we're on episode 200 323 in fact. Hey, hey, you looking at that wisp No, no, sir. I would never yeah, I think you were looking at that wisp thinking of taking it up Kissed yourself some spells, huh little hocus pocus. Yeah boss ain't gonna like you stealing a wisps like this No, siri ladies show him what happens when you steal from dr. Prune Yikes help me someone Right it looks like we have to defeat some of regulars But yeah, we are back in the heap this time very cool one of my favorite places in the spiral Um, yeah, we don't need that.  So that's fun But hopefully we don't have any too bad spells that I don't actually know what we have Um, I think it might have been to take a thumbnail. So we may just have prisms, which is good, but I'm not sure I'm not sure I could be wrong. But yeah, these guys We little storm boys The the cow the cows that rank 18 obviously Um, there's also life ones these storm ones have three thousand eight hundred and forty health, which isn't too bad I've probably gone a blade once more and then hit sounds like a good plan when you take out that wanted in the prisms though That is for sure So yeah, welcome back. Hope you've enjoyed if you haven't seen the last episode you should we finished off sky city And we are now in the heap which is the last The last technically area because we go back to telos afterwards But yeah, so that's exciting. That's exciting and he was just honestly so cool. It's so different from anything else Well, of course, that would stop me. Of course that would stop me right now. How dare they? How dare they? This is just absolutely rude and disgraceful. How would they do this to me? Upsetting But yeah, it's just so different. It's like completely black and white which is cool apart from all of the mobs it's kind of This fight has not gone my way at all like at all At all this is just a rude both blades gone Stunned and blades gone in one round.  It's my favorite thing We'll hit with shipper falls next and then we'll probably hit with another shipper falls after that because that seems to be like what we have to do Luckily as long as they don't have in feeble. They can't remove my blade for a bit, which is good Watch them and feeble me right now. It's gonna happen. I've put it into the universe. It's gonna happen. They didn't Wow That's a surprise. I thought they would have loved to unfeeble me. Also, they did a decent amount of damage. I'm surprised I am surprised. These guys are pretty good actually. I was joke joking about them being bad. They're not bad They're they're pretty decent. Be careful. Be careful. They do damage.  I'm there for you guys. I I understand you don't like me just using shipper falls or just get grow We got to see both of them in the same fight. It's just how it works.  Get out of here cow. See you later. Oh You're in for it now.  I swear. I went pinching the wisps I was just walking by and it popped in on the street ain't see nothing like it It started happening a lot though see be making all the gangs antsy cuz they hoard the monowisps you get me That means they can cast the spells and we can't cast nothing So they can lord over us and to fight our city in the toy But now you come along with magic of y'all quite a show that all that zips that power. I'll take touch your publicus So what brings you here old one? Which old one? Maybe you ought to talk to the chief I'm sure he'd want to meet you. Come on. I'll show you the way Okey-dokey the pips are plenty. Oh my gosh Pippa plenty that every pit gets because yes, Kings are why have you done this? I'm stealing the wisps I don't care what they say. I want to yank all of the wisps. They are mine. I own the streets of heap I am the heaps. Hey you. I saw you looking at the wisps. That's property. I'm mr.  Oh my gosh death and myth. That's fun. We're gonna keep our prisms in for this one I think but yeah now we have some more cows, but the bull cows very cool They have we little star ones kind of cute kind of cute not gonna lie Death 4590 health not too bad. We'll have many weaknesses and Be really annoying. So that's fun, but also they will faint. So that's cool That's cool vampire The monster mesh what should be? Oh, no, just vampire. Wow. Okay, surprise very surprise Fair enough. I mean he couldn't have even cast monster mesh, but that's beside the point That's beside the point. Okay. They're just loving their full-foot spells. Holy moly shipper falls You see obviously ship falls is a good spell to cast because I use it and if they use it and I use it Then it means it must be the best death spell Obviously Because they won't get grow they'll just ship a force because they don't have enough pips. It's just how it works It's just how it works unfortunately But we can't get her But I also want a prism. I want a prism first prism and then hit next easy clap GG One shot get out of here. That's the plan That's the plan and it will succeed because my plans never fail ever. He just destroyed himself love to say it love to say it For a cute wee little 25 blade on his partner and watch the partner use the Use the blade to give his partner a blade because that would be funny and that's happened way too many times I I'm actually surprised how many times that has actually happened. He's not using it yet. That's a good good idea But yeah, I'm like really surprised at how often that happens I Don't know if that's like a thing that they Just randomly happen or if it's like a thing that is like specifically coded in that if you have a Dark pact you must give your partner a dark pact and in return, you know, just that would be kind of funny. Oh brace Oh, not brace even better. We do more damage.  Oh Prim Reaper ain't gonna take this well That's not my problem. You're the one who started on me. Thanks again Mac This ain't no way to live good thing. We got someone trying to establish law and order lock up all the gangsters Fellow calls himself dog Tracy and he's in there talk to him. Anyone can find your old man. He can My old man. I mean, I don't think he's my old man, but that's fine. If you think he is that's cool. That's that's cool Right dog Tracy. Hello Hey there junior, you don't report a crime Don't worry dog Tracy's on the case All one sounds new I'll add him to my list heap is under siege siege I tells you by crime lords or lords whose lordship is criminal to my eye I'm talking dr. Prune the Prim Reaper pips mullus all supercharged on this fresh manna and ready to pop like zits full of Thundersnakes, I have to find these mugs before their feuds erupted a full-scale war go ask my lab assistant to fill out a report on this old one Okey-dokey Tissa Tissa true part. Hello Hi hi hi. Oh, hello there did Tracy send you busy boy, isn't he? My name is Tessa true heart. How can I help ask her about the old one? The frescoes and murals that have indicated his monitoring stations and past adventures Sorry, there's nothing like that here. We're not big on artistic Flourishes you've seen this place not exactly a thriving society Story goes a tentacle monster plucked our ancestors from memoria and abandoned them here Cut off from manna and life forces of other regions. Why would he do that?  Could you remind him that he still owes me dinner? Oh, we're it's a love story now. What who would have thought? Dinner there's no time for dinner. There's crimes to solve manna crimes I have a blackboard with them all listed, but there's no time for blackboards or walking to other rooms Just tell Tessa. I can't make it to dinner tonight If Men's just really be like that. This is so sad. Tessa. I'm sorry. He's skipping dinner again Sometimes I wish I were a criminal coward or a secret font of manna Then maybe I could get some attention from mr. Dog Tracy Secret font of manna. Oh Yes, wizard years ago one of the gang bosses we to this day still don't know which Found one and used it to power up loyal lieutenants all the gangs descended hurling firecats like stones and dividing up the town and forcing their own Corrupt order interesting Perhaps this mystery boss also discovered secrets of the old one like the water moles Let us inquire further with dog Tracy Okay, getting a lot of narration from a design here. This is great. Oh, hello new person Welcome back junior. Well, you were gone. I infiltrated a bootleg potion distillery and arrested pips mulus himself I'll get you for this dog Tracy. All right, spill it you louse You're making these potions to fight somebody take their turf. Who is it prune prim? Happy haymaker? I want a name Yeah, okay, the golden lion. I don't know that name, but I will just need to shake a few trees What do you say junior want to come with let's go Okay, this man's is really like energetic and full-on. It's great. I love it Right back on the main streets of heap. What do we got over here? No sign of Tracy? He really zoomed away didn't he but I think this manna font is the lead We must follow to the monitoring station anyway, perhaps these nearby gangsters know where their supplier is We ain't telling you nothing matter of fact give us your mana and your gold and your pet And my pit. No, thank you anything but Luna. I'm right. I'll be back in just a sec. He's up already I'll talk I'll talk and you can keep your pet yeesh Right, we're back. We did it one fight not too bad Look, I don't know where the manna comes from one of the bosses. I guess but which one it's something only they know Golden lion never heard of anybody called that but I do know a boss you can get to well former boss Bit of a klutz this guy we calls him bumbles He still runs the honey bee diner in dr. Prune territory. Maybe he knows something you can use Level up. Whoa. Nice. Um, we are now level 148 sweet only two levels left very cool very epic Honeybee diner is just down here Hello, oh there you are junior ready for an adventure and into the diner That's just where we were going. Wow, who would have thought? Who would have thought right? Let's do this. Let's do this Yeah, this is probably gonna be the last a little bit for today, but we'll do this We'll do this instance a very cool diner very very cool Right doctor prunes irregulars. I knew you'd be here pressuring bumbles for treasure cart kickbacks again Sure, let's go with that. Well not on my watch missy. You're under arrest Um, right.  That's the money racket onward junior. Oh That's funny. I like that. I will give you one more chance only bumbles. Where is the golden lion speak? How Unfortunate the lion's day is done. We all have mana now So you need to well well well if it isn't dr. Victoria von prune herself How's the face? I hear you had a nasty incident of grape juice in the eye That is nothing compared to what you're about to feel you shouldn't have come here dog Tracy Right a boss. We haven't actually fought a boss in like a wee while. I am gonna put on some prisms because probably Probably a little bit of a resistee boy because shadow, but that's fine I think we should be good though with the faint. Yeah, we should be fine. Right. Let's do this dr. Prune and her minion which is rank 19 storm rank 18 storm We fought the minion before and then her she has 13200 health not too bad We do also have dog Tracy here To help us a very cool spell it does a bit of damage and then a random heel to everybody Which is pretty cool pretty cool. Very surprised. Please. Don't hurt me. Please. He'll please heal. Please. Here. He'll heal He'll he'll he'll he'll No, this is upsetting. This is so sad. This is tragic. It's absolutely tragic. Oh well. Oh Hello, no pip gain for four rounds. What do you expect me to just sit here and not gain any perps?   She does not cheat so Anything that she does do Is just naturally what she does we've got four rounds of no pip gain. So that's great We'll just blade up a little bit. We'll remove that easy clap easy clap remove Yeah, I mean we've got no pip gain might as well might as well. I'm not gonna be hitting while we've got no pip gain We just played up as much as we can We're probably gonna get Leviathan straight in the face, but that's fine. Whatever. Whatever. We'll deal with it We'll deal with it. We have a reshuffle. I believe so we should be fine should be fine I do want to prism as well before we actually hit we are gonna draw for a Removal a removal a cleansing boy She's blading up for a Leviathan. Oh, no. Oh, no rip blades risoka. Hello Hello, that's a bit scary That's that's not called for I did not ask for this behavior here dr. Prune This is not very healthy Someone called dr. Prune. I expect you to be a little bit more healthy for me. I am nearly dead This is not cool or good Okay, we are hitting like ASAP right right now. We are hitting we are hitting right now Right now we hit we have to we're dying. Oh, no scary. This could kill me Why did I know this was gonna happen? Like what I just I just knew that was gonna happen.   No, I'm gonna die I haven't died much. I haven't died much, but um This is one of those instances where death is just inevitable Unfortunately. Oh, well, that's fine. That's fine one death for this whole time. I think I think we've only had one death I think it's actually not too bad. Honestly not too bad You know it happens it happens all we do is we just try again Except they don't want to fight me very sad, right? Okay, we try again these guys big damage We we don't like we don't like it. Let's not faint this time for a bit We will prism right off the bat sounds good good good Comblemo we do go first, which is a benefit as well Because we were not first. Oh my gosh, we're so good right off the bat. What is this? Oh my gosh This is insane All she knows is Rosalga and it does so many damages. I Think the reason why Rosalga did a lot is it she had a blade Plus also a faint as well because I had a plus 30 on me. So Yeah, it was not great. It was not great Not one of my best moments if I blade and hit next then we good. We kill minion maybe Maybe sounds good sounds like an opportunity.  No, okay, that's fine. We appreciate we appreciate that. Let's go for a scarecrow right now We'll enchant that one blade scarecrow sounds good sounds fine scarecrow does more than ship and We'll just blade up for a grim reader on the boss and I think that should be good. I Think that should be good That was pretty decent none of them died though. That's not ideal that is not ideal Not ideal at all a canna non-bladed Canna non-bladed ship kill that's my question now Is that a kill shot? Maybe it is Maybe it isn't if he if they have less than a thousand health the minion has less than a thousand I'll do it if it's more than a thousand. I'll just blade into a ship of force, but like weak blade How much health how much 700 okay, we just hit with ship we just ship of force right now We're gonna fizzle, but that's fine Told you But one time I'm like we're not gonna fizzle we actually fizzle because I said we would oh my gosh climber Why that? Why do you have these spells dr. Prune? What school are you? Oh my gosh? What what is this? This is gonna hurt this is gonna do a buttload of damage Ouch ouch.    Right we ship of force again try again if at first you don't succeed try and try again. That's the how it goes And that'll kill the minion which is good Very good, and then after that we cry a little bit just a little bit We're probably gonna dog Tracy the boss real fast If we start getting like disparate for health Which we shouldn't be because we're now nearly full health, which is good Actually my dog Tracy oh No, yeah, we'll dog Tracy get off the tower shield do a little bit of a heal because this is gonna do a little bit Of damage as well. She knows spells from every single school.  She is every school So yeah, we're gonna use dog Tracy right now just to show you what it does Because I used it in the last fight, but you didn't see that so yeah basically transform into him He beats them with his stick We crit because we cool and it does a decent amount of damage but also it heals for a random amount afterwards to all of your teammates and Little bit less than last time last time I got the max roll, which was so good. So nice It's like a thousand or something plus crit. It's great And what we're gonna do is we are going to Prism blade blade hit Think that's the best bet there Think that's the best bet we're gonna get a lot of damage done if we faint so I'm gonna just not Yikes, that's a that's a yikes and a half. Definitely not gonna faint now We will blade I was gonna put the blade on her for a second like that's not how blades work That is not how blades work. Oops, but it's okay. Don't worry. I didn't do it I didn't do it. I just thought that I was doing that but I didn't because I was talking about faints, you know I get them confused all the time Big noob This is just gonna do massive damage massive damage to me gonna do like three thousand Yep, three thousand five hundred love to say it and very cool very epic love to say it and Do I play it again? Or do I promise us the skills? We have an eighty six percent chance for one point four one damage Not really worth it. I don't think Not really worth it. I don't think Not really worth it But that's fine. This is just a want it. That's okay.  Hopefully this kills if it does that'll be good if not then we cry Just kidding. We'll just follow up with the shipper fools and that should kill because she shouldn't have too much health after this I don't actually know what her resistors or boost I'm just assuming that she resists death because most shadow people do resist death.  You will never establish justice in this town Yeah, yeah, you can tell me all about it from behind bars. Your buddy pips is already there. Yes indeed Now ask the bumbles thing about the manner the bumbles thing Interesting very interesting. I have no idea what it's saying Yeah, you're coming to bumbles, then you'll sing like a starling on open mic night. Nice work junior. See you back at the station Right, let's head back to the station and then we'll probably end off But we need a we need to have a conclusion to this little chapter, you know Gotta have a complete conclusion to the quest I like ending on the end of a quest because you know then we start next episode with like a different thing Oh, that's right. We That's fun.  Please. Why is that not a fixed thing? Oh? Well, that's okay Let's run back. Luckily. It's a little bit closer. I think oh, no, it's not. It's just right there We're all they're fighting for all they're sticking their nose where it doesn't belong the stranger still has nothing Hmm bears that odd voice again Oh, look up there Perhaps it's time someone stuck their nose into the stranger's business But who knows the shadows Huh, she must be shy But for now, let us follow dog Tracy back to the station the shadow The best the best character in La Maria the shadow of course Ducks that one was for you Right, let us hid back to the station, which is this way just here ha ha Ha ha ha ha ha ha ha hello dog Tracy. Hi Bumbles he's in the lockup with Pips and prune. You'll never believe that luck junior bumbles works for the Golden Lion We know and this golden line is the original source of all the gang's mana He's the one that made heaps such a mess. This ain't no flea collar. Get me and what about dinner Tracy?  They're all primed on this new manna to get out from under the Golden Lions paw I gotta stop them before they tear heap apart these gangs do seem oppressive like Lucian It is good Tracy seeks to defeat them We must talk to bumbles though to find the Golden Lions mana Right next episode. We will head into the lockup and Talk to bumbles and hopefully get some information on Golden Lion But anyway, thank you for watching. Hope you enjoyed smash like subscribe and as always remember to craft outside the box


It's Madonna. So I know I'm in a new setting and that's because I have a lot going on this week with respect to my job. I'm working like I'm back to back to back to back. But that's neither here nor there. I still want to make videos for you guys and answer your questions. So I'm going to be answering the question about does it really matter what undergraduate graduate from when it comes to going to PA school. So let's get into the video right now. So I had a question posed by Amal G and I wanted to answer this question for you guys. But if you're new to my channel please go ahead take a look around. If you like what you see go ahead and subscribe. I make new videos and I post them every Sunday and Tuesday sometimes Wednesday and Monday just kind of depends on the date. But first short Sundays and Tuesdays. So come on back and check out what I have for you next week. And also before I get into the video if you are still trying to get that rush review PAQ bank for free for 365 days. That is right a full year. Please leave a comment in my comment section below. Follow both my Instagram and rush reviews Instagram because I will be posting the winner of that giveaway this evening. All right. So Amal D said hey Adana I wanted to ask does it matter what college you graduate from when getting into PA school. Like does it matter if I graduate from a big known school or is it the same as if I graduate from an all right school. Meaning that they're better than it. I mean OK. So I think that that's a good question a legit question because you know what when it comes to like your future and sometimes when it comes to like your job if you're in like a different profession you're you know if you go to like Yale or Harvard or Duke or one of the IVs it's like super prestigious and you know it's really like yes I want to get this student from that school. But when it comes to PA school it's not really like that honestly at all you know they don't really look at like oh OK like she went to Duke and she graduated from you know Brown or whatever the case maybe it's not like a snooty tooty like what to do OK. So when it comes to PA school the PA profession was created as a second career right and so a lot of the students in the past and even now are coming to this as like a second option like they've done something that they've already wanted to do and now they want to get into healthcare and be a provider and the PA profession affords them that opportunity. So you know you may not have graduated from Harvard and if you did graduate from Harvard it was like you know 10 years ago or 15 years ago for some people and so it doesn't really matter you know that doesn't hold any water when it comes to getting into PA school. What matters with PA school is what your GPA is you know from your undergrad or from the prerequisite courses that you've taken what your GRE or your PA CAT score are you know what your health care experiences and how many hours you have of that and for some schools a volunteering and shadowing kind of matters as well because they want to see that you give of yourself and also at the same time you know about the PA profession and you know exactly why you want to be a PA OK. So those are the things that matter and I just wanted to address that because I know sometimes we think like it matters in terms of like where we've gone to undergrad so let me make sure that I you know have gone to a good undergrad but if you went to like an Ivy undergrad but your GPA isn't hitting like you may have gotten like you know a 2.5 or something like that in that undergrad because you didn't really care about going to college or whatever the case may be or you may have gotten a 3.0 which is really like average like kind of like subpar kind of average when it comes to the GPA for PA school you're still going to have to retake some of those classes and boost some of your other intangibles OK. So Amal right I wanted to make sure that I was saying your name right Amal. It does not matter what undergrad you went to and what matters are those prerequisite stats and I know that this is a quick video but my husband has a saying of like the shorter the message the longer it sticks and I think that you all need to really like take this home. I really want you to take this home with you that it does not matter what Matt in terms of what undergrad you went to what matters is your prerequisite stats OK so make sure that GPA is right both science and cumulative make sure your GRE and your your PA cat whatever standardized tests your school is requiring make sure those numbers are correct make sure your hours are up there and make sure the type of experience that you have is like pretty adequate and good because that is not only going to help you get into PA school but it will help you once you've graduated from PA school and you've actually started your job depending on the specialty that you're going into OK. Thank you Amal so much for asking me that question I really appreciate it y'all please continue to leave me questions and comments in the comment section below.  OK follow me on Instagram and on the PA and on Instagram at get that's the university and again if you are interested in free access for one year to PA cat Cubank I'm giving away two of those free accesses in this particular giveaway if you didn't see that video go check my previous video from Sunday but I'll need you to leave a comment in the comment section below follow me on Instagram and Ross review on Instagram our respective Instagrams for a chance to win because I will be announcing the winner this evening. OK on Instagram so you got to be following us both on Instagram. All right you guys thank you guys so much for watching I will talk to you guys next time. Bye.


My name is Emin, so let me give you a meta talk first. Two years ago when I was in Fox Asia, I saw this Apaches app in presentation by Alex. He's also around here, he's doing something else now, and then when I saw it, it's kind of clicked with what you want to do because it was filling in the gaps that I had feel doing data science in my company. So I wanted to talk about how this fits into our model, and how we leveraged JVM-based language spark to do data science. So to give you more context, let me start with a little bit about me. This is my identity formation you can contact later. I'm a computer engineer and a data miner. So it's still a thing. So I get degrees on on both of them. So you can say that I'm a very hardcore engineer, but now I'm doing data science. This is my title, Full Stack Data Wrangler, which means that I can get my own title in my company, which is a nice thing. But what I do is I work on every aspect of the company. So I do DevOps, I do engineering, I do data science, I do the modeling. So that's why we try to keep everything compact. OK? Yeah, I always prefer tabs, but now I'm comfortable with two spaces. And I kind of have a love-hate relationship with Python. Probably there are other Python developers here, but it's too easy for me. It's kind of annoying how easy it is to use Python. And to give you more context, I will talk a little bit about the company. I will keep it for the context, no worries. I don't have 10-minute videos to show. So we have two main products. One of them is network planning. That's what I'm curing the working on. And we have also mobility intelligence, which means if you have XYZ data, so location and time domain, we can give you insights out of them. And we also have APIs. The company is called Dataspark. You can find it online. If you want to use APIs. Our entire stack is on pre-opened software. It's mostly Apache-based, cloud installation. We try to keep everything close. And we deploy our product in weirdest environments. OK? I will go into more detail in more later. But most of our customers are enterprise customers. And sometimes we have to work on weird rooms with weird access rules. I will get into that, but just to give you the context. And since these are products, what we develop has to be maintained a few years. So I still have to maintain a quote from two years ago, three years ago, which is a big pain if the developer has already left the company. So that's why we try to keep everything compact. And what we do from data science to the product, we want to streamline the process. And just affect the data volume. The process can be up to one terabyte a day, which we don't always use, but we have to be scalable. So I want to learn a little bit more about you so that I can maybe tune by the presentation. Who does data science here? Show of hands, please. OK. Good. Who develops products? Like develop and then deploy at the end somewhere. OK. Good. And who's familiar with Python? Almost everybody. Who's familiar with JVM languages? Good. Two. OK. They are still doing good. Who's familiar with R? Ah, OK. Good. I don't like these two, but don't take it personal. OK. So at first, I was thinking this presentation more about how I don't like Python, but then I realized that you deserve better than that. So I tried to stay away, stay away from that. So the challenges we face every day as the company and the product. So we need our algorithms to be accurate, because it's already a very competitive domain. And accuracy is one of our selling points. But this high accuracy should be on the big data. So if you go for very complex models to do very complex modeling, then they will probably not scale. So we have customers in Sinktile, which is 3 million city. Right? It's 3 million population, almost. But when we go to Australia, nothing scales. So we have to always keep that in mind. We try to use modern architecture. We have very hipster engineers, developers. We use containers. We use microservices. We try to combine them on APIs. But then, it's the enterprise world. So for example, we try to summarize everything, because the environment always changes. And then I went for a deployment in a telco operator. It's almost as strict as banks, if not more. And they say that they generally say that, yeah, give us the war, WAR package. And then, do you all remember WAR? What AR is? OK, you don't have to. It's already, this time has passed. But in one deployment, for example, I went for, we packaged everything. We had zip files. We have dockers. We have algorithms running on there. We went to the USP. And they said, yeah, you can work here. OK, we opened the computer. Then we plugged in the USP. They said, no, you cannot copy anything to the servers. OK, but how are we going to deploy there? OK, you have to email us, and then we will put it there. OK, we give the USP. It's around 2 gigs, maybe 3 gigs, because of the docker containers. They said, OK, we can load them into one week. What's happening? They said that they have the bandwidth limitation, the IT department itself, as a bandwidth limitation to the production server. So they cannot, the copying of 3 gigabytes files, 3 gig files takes one week. So they have to find a loop around and stuff like that.  I hope you don't have to work on those environments. So as a data scientist, my boss sometimes comes to me and say, yeah, we have this data. Let's explore it. Let's science the heck out of it. OK, auto sensor. OK, I have pandas. I have NumPy, SciPy. I can do run algorithms on that. Then they say, yeah, but you cannot download the data. It has to be on the server. OK, I can put it on the server. Yeah, but you cannot download from HDFS. It has to stay on the HDFS. So it doesn't happen every day, hopefully, or thankfully. But it can happen. And we have to be ready for this. Then we use exporter algorithms, right? It's the same thing. I have the perfect algorithm for this. And I say, OK, I can use it. I can develop on a sample data. And maybe we have to deploy it. So they come to me, OK, we have this data. They want these results. Can you do it? I said, OK, it has to be quick. We have to deliver it one, one week later. OK, I developed something, put it. Then they said it's an SLA. Do you know what SLA is? It's service level agreement, which means you have to maintain it one year or a certain period of time. And those dirty code goes into a $2 million or multimillion dollar project as a small feature because our sales team is very aggressive. Hopefully, this doesn't happen. Thankful, this doesn't happen much anymore. But this is something we have to challenge. So our entire stack has to be scalable. So we have the JVM, we have the Spark, Apache Hadoop framework. And when we try to work with data, sometimes we need an algorithm from the product. It can be a data cleaning algorithm, data aggregation algorithm, or more complex algorithms. But when we run with or work with Python, we realize that that perfect app that we want to use, the perfect function is in Java. So it's very difficult to combine all of them. And sometimes we are lucky enough so that we can download the data. We can have a sample. We can work with the Python, with a team. And then we can work on Python notebooks. And since it's a team, let's say we can work together. We use GitHub for collaboration. And there's a conflict. Have you ever tried to clean a conflict, a skit conflict with a notebook? It's a cell because it's in JSON format. It converts to text. So working with some other people on Python notebooks, I find it very hard. So I just copy, paste everything. And it becomes un-maintainable. So these are some of the challenges that we have to face to develop a scalable data science product. I'm sure you'll face some of them in some days. I hope you don't. But if you are facing these kind of things, it's very hard to swing between JVM languages, Hadoop, and Python, at least for us. And I also don't like Python that much. I may be a little bit exaggerating. So when we were facing this, as I said, last year, two years ago, I was introduced to the Zeppelin. It's an Apache project. And did you already hear about this, anybody? OK. So as I said, it fixed all the right boxes that I had that problem set. I tried it two years ago. It was 0.6, which was pretty unstable and was not capable. But the latest version is 7.3, which we use almost every day in not production, but almost production. So it's still a notebook, like iPython notebooks, Jupyter notebooks. So it's a familiar environment. It works on cluster. So it can work with our production data, with our staging data. And the users don't have to maintain it. And it's always at the same place. It's multilingual. You don't stack with one language, which actually the premise of Jupyter is three languages. But I don't think anybody uses other than Python. And having multilingual means more people can work on that. Now I can show you some code. This is the welcome screen. And I can create a new note. I give the name for Seja. We can already have a directory structure presentation. So this is the screen, which welcomes you. It's similar to Jupyter notebooks, as you can see. It's a little bit more fancy, maybe. So we have standard buttons running the paragraphs. We have access to all of the notebooks. It's still an engineering product, so it keeps everything in one place. We have some kind of version control. It's not very mature, but it's there. OK. Without further ado, let me start with something very basic. OK, 3 plus 5. And run this paragraph. This discord has been run on our servers, on our clusters. And I get the result. 3 plus 5 is 8. Do you recognize this language, anybody? It's Scala output. So the default is Scala here. I can go for Python. 3 plus 5. And run it again. And this is the same output from Python. As you can see, Scala is already faster here. No, I'm just making things up. I can go for SQL. Select 3 plus 5. OK, we get some results. It's still 8. No changes here. I can go for R. 3 plus 5. Run it. OK, and this is our output. Until here, it's all Spark, basically, because all of these languages are supported by Spark. So we are still good. I can go for SH. And I can go for 3 plus 5. And here, this is the shell command. I just ran a shell command on our cluster. I can go for MD. It's 8. So it still supports Markdown. Let me put like this. Maybe 3 plus 5 is 8. So it supports multiple languages, and it gives you a great flexibility when you have a heterogeneous team. Everybody can work on the same notebook and then to work with the same data. The interpreters, these are all called interpreters. And the supported interpreters are here. It's Spark. I'm the AngularJS. I can even write JavaScript here. And Python, PyS, Psquare, PostgreSQL, JDBC. So it's a very long list. OK. So another advantage I was very happy with, Zeppelin, is the built-in support for interactive graphics. So let me go to the demo very quickly. Let me hide this. So here, I create a data frame in Spark. It has two, three columns. And I create a category and then put the years. Then I say just the Z show. When I run it and enable the output again, it has this very nice plugin, Zeppelin. I think they use a library, but I don't know which one it is. I can look the data in a table format as a bar chart, as a pie chart, line chart, and with Zeppelin 8, it goes even to the, there are plugins for it. So this is very important because when I start with the data science process, I always tend to look for histograms to get the distribution of it. And before using this, I was going for Spark Shell, which is very easy to use. Then I create the data, save it on the HDFS, download the data on the cluster, then onto my machine, put it into Excel, open it. It's a self-process. But here, I just say Z, let's show. And it shows me the data. If your file is in CSV, so the command is something like this, you can go directly for SQL. The SQL can read CSV files, although a little bit slow. And these bars are coming from the Yarn cluster. I hide the. So this is some kind of data. It's limited to 10,000 lines. So bar charts, if I can still see the bar chart, these are JavaScript generated. So it's living in your browser. If your data is not structured yet, you can go for more customized format. Let me go through this thing. So I just read the file in Spark. I split the bar by commas. And I just say that count the first column. This is a word counting example, basically. Then I gather it to a DF and then show it. I don't want to run it now. It's my chart this year. Time is important. If you want to go for your standard things, you can also use matplotlib. And you can plot your ordinary matplots. Matplots. OK. If your data is not structured in any way, so this thing, this plug-in, can support custom output. So here, this is in R. If your first line of output is a percentage table, if it's tab-separated, it's a little bit hard to read, but it's named tab-size, the new line small tab 100, it can plot anything in a tab-separated format. OK. And if you really want to go for it, it supports also external libraries. For example, Google, this is an R library. It can plot it. It can show you the R plots. They are all running on server and the output is here. OK. So this multilinguality has a very good advantage when you work in a team, because everything is in one place, everybody can work on the same data and then just prepare one big notebook. OK. So as I said, our product is in JVM, and we sometimes have to use our own libraries. And since Spark is also, Spark is also JVM, and Zeppelin is a citizen of that JVM world, we can use our libraries. And there's a seamless transition between languages. I didn't show you that one. I can run multiple languages, but I can also pass data between languages. And it supports multi-user. OK. Let's first start to columns. OK. So here I import a library, a function from our own library. It's string parser. It's a very basic one. If I read the data file, the path is hidden here, so it's confidential. Then I get a sample, and I run my parser function on it. And I don't want to run them currently. So it imports it, and it creates my RDD, which is a Spark data structure. Then I get these visits. OK. And it's still on the Scala Spark. Then map, and this is kind of a word count. I'm just creating a histogram of sizes. And this is his star variable. And his is in data frame format. You can see the variables here. Then I say zshow, which I showed you before. I showed these in Scala. I put these two variables into z. That is the Zeppelin mediator, I can say. And then I register this table as a SQL table. Then I can go to SQL. I just select Asterisk from Istotet, which is this one, Istotem table. And I can do the filtering on top of the data set I prepared in Scala. I can go to R, and I can run SQL script here, but you can also go for native languages. Then you can work on this data in R, the same data I prepared in Scala. I can go to Python. This is Python. This is PySpark. I can read the data frame into Python and run my Python code. It's a very simple example, but you can do more complex stuff, of course. Another thing, so until here, it's still data frames. It's integers and stuff. I can have a custom class in Scala, in JVM languages. I can write a converter. It's kind of a serializer for that format. I can put it into z. And in PySpark, I can read Java classes and then work on them. So these arrays are now Python arrays. So it's all Spark. Basically, this is all thanks to Spark. But giving this kind of an interface really improves the collaboration, because anybody can work with the same data, just copy-paste it or work on the same notebook, even though they come from different experiences, different languages. OK. So security is a concern, of course. And the security of Zeppelin is done by Shiro. I don't know whether it's an Apache project. So currently, we are using per user basis. It supports LDAP and Active Directory things. And since the data never leaves the cluster, the security is always good. Not always good, but it's good enough. The part I love most about Zeppelin, it's a brainchild of an engineering thinking. So Jupyter is mostly used by scientists, data scientists, or physicists, or chemists. So it's very easy to use. It's very stable. It's very convenient to use. Zeppelin is not any of them. It's kind of complex, but it's very customizable. I will show you one example. As I said, we also work on mobility intelligence. I hit most of the boxes here for now. But let me show you this. So I collected some data from MRT lines. I go there and check the MRT lines. So this is our custom trajectory code. And I put them on top of a map. So these lines are drawn by our system. So how this works is, let me make it a bit smaller so that you can see. So I prepare the data in Scala Spark here on this box. I can even select which date or what kind of data I'm working on. And I can just go there, run this thing, and it shows this thing on JavaScript. So the point here you don't see is Zeppelin does not have a built-in support for maps. So this is all done by me. Not by me, but this is something I did. So what happens here is I had to write this paragraph, which basically creates JavaScript code. And because of the interpreters on the in-front, so it can support JavaScript, I can turn my Scala code into, I think I'm out of time, maybe two minutes more to wrap up. I can write my own scripts to convert Scala code, Spark code, or Python code into JavaScript. And I can extend the functionality here. So this was groundbreaking for me in both in terms of Zeppelin and doing my data analysis. Because we always work with geodata that says our job. But putting the data from HDFS or visualizing the data in HDFS is very difficult. And then this creates that, the Zeppelin creates that that bridge for me, and it makes our process much faster. So you can go, and also you can see it supports input fields. So you can, oh, OK, it doesn't work. Let me change the subject. OK, so you can go crazy with it. That's a good point. OK, I showed you the examples already. Configuration is a little bit hard. So because it works on the cluster side, it works on HDFS, it has to be secure, it tries to combine many things. So configuration is not straightforward, but it's doable. We had to write some scripts to give to the user. So they just have to log in to the system they have access to and write two scripts. And then we create the hashed passwords for them. So that part is a little bit still manual. And we have to add the jars you use. So it also supports Maven. So if it's a public Java, and if you have internet connection, you can always download. So some challenges, it's very complex. What it tries to do is complex. So I think it's OK, but it kind of affects the stability. So it supports report kind of thing, as you saw that the paragraphs are resizable. But we cannot use it for production yet, or we cannot show it to the customers yet. It requires connection to the cluster, which is a downside. Because before coming here, I had to set up VP, and I had to make sure that there's no load on cluster. So it's a trade-off. Yeah, cluster load can be a problem. But thanks to this, we have 15 people in five different countries working on data science problems in different combinations and various combinations. And we can still develop data science products from exploration to the deployment side as a team. So everything we do in this framework are testable, because it's still Java code, Scala code. We can just write the test, package it, and then we can deploy. Yeah, so thanks. This is my contact information. Yeah, that's all. Thank you very much. So I think we can maybe do one question before we head up for one, because you have a... Yes. Sorry, so after the using, accessing the, what is this called, the cluster, cluster, how do you exchange data on all the different languages? So because it's using Spark, Spark has an interior representation of the data. So it converts everything back to JVM-related format. Anyway, so we leverage Spark on that part. But Zeptin itself also gives us a context called Z. And we can just put and get the data like a frame. So here, for example, I put it as Z. The different languages not always supports the same data, but if you have a serializer that converts it to primitive types, integers, double strings, all of the languages can understand. So it may require a bit of extra work, but it works the effort. And it works locally within the browser? No, no, everything you see is as run in the cluster. Oh, so you actually, but that will be quite, that's good. But I run most of the examples on the cluster already. So if it's a small data, the latency is not that much. But if it's a big, big data, you cannot run on your computer anyway. OK, thank you very much.


Coach, you guys brought you together. He says you make a lot of fun of him. How do you guys make fun of him? Nah, what do you mean? What do you mean by that? He was like, well, they mock me. I say the same thing all the time.  You know, the greatest coach I've been around, man. And it's a pleasure playing for him. And you know, yeah, we like to make fun of him, man, but that's what we do with a family, so. Yeah, do you feel like coming in as the underdogs, it gives you an advantage? We love it. We love it. We want to be the underdogs throughout the whole way. That's how we want it. That's how we want it. What does it feel like? It feels like we let everybody know who we are for them. We let everybody know who we is. We established in our identity and attitude that we got. Awesome. And facing Lamar, I mean, he did get some yards in tonight, but how did you feel he played? You know, I feel like we can take him for the most part. That guy's electric, man. Seeing him play in person is different. That guy's electric, man. I give all the credit to those guys on that side of the ball. But yeah, he played a good game. And you know, we still have to do the win. Shout out to the touchdown, Katz. How were you to come down with it, man? What happened? I don't know, man. You tell me what you're seeing. I saw a great individual athletic effort. How about that? I'll take that thing, great individual athletic effort. Nah, but this was going up. I'm trying to make a play, man. And it's using my God-given ability, man. And we're trying to come down with it, you know what I mean? And established possession, seen a ref. Look at those golden arms up and the golden arms right there. So you put them up, you got it. You talk about complementary football all the time. The defense, you know, getting the stops on the fourth down, getting the turnover, setting you guys up, and you guys can't do it. Right, yeah. Just playing complementary football, that's the only way that you're going to win in this game. Martin Flair is so small. We play the great team just now. And we kind of got it done with our complementary football. No, it went away from the Super Bowl, man. It went away. I don't want to hear the word Super Bowl. I don't want to talk about it. We got the AFC Championship. And that's what we focus on.