If you want to pump your body and expand your mind, there's only one place to go. Mind pump, mind pump, with your hosts, Sal DeStefano, Adam Schaefer, and Justin Andrews. In this episode, in this very serious episode. Anything but that. Mind pump, for about 11 minutes, we talk about common mind pump sayings. Oh. Yeah, I forgot what that was about. Oh yeah, that's right. We have our own. That's right. And Justin teaches us how to speak elfin and orc. Believe it or not. Very educational. Believe it or not, he does speak both of those fluently. We talk about great white sharks in Santa Cruz. Great white. Yeah, great white sharks. Sarks. They're seri. Which is why I won't swim in the ocean. I'm actually scared of them. Then we get to the questions of this episode. We talk about the best exercise or the best ways to do exercise to correct a sagging or uneven shoulder. I knew you thought I'd say that. Shoulder. It ain't that bad. Then we talk about our thoughts on whether or not children should lift weights between 12 and 13, as my voice actually became a childlike there for a second. Then we answer the question of whether or not we recommend a mini cut for someone even if their BMI is above 35. So in other words, we've got some serious obesity issues. Do we still recommend mini cuts or should they just go cut all the way? Final question, our opinion on obstacle course racing, otherwise known as OCR, the training, the events, and how our methodology could be used to benefit competitors in the sport. Find out if we'll see you there. Finally, the Maps Prime Pro Bundle is here. Is here. So we just released our newest program, Maps Prime Pro, which is our most correctional Maps program ever. It looks at the joints of the wrists. It looks at the neck, the lumbar spine, the hips, the ankles and the toes. All the areas that you probably didn't know should also be well connected and have good recruitment patterns that can affect the rest of your workouts. It's in that program. It's correctional. But we also have our normal Maps Prime program, which teaches your body how to prime your workouts according to your body and how it moves. Well, we took them and we put them together in a bundle. The price is discounted tremendously. And the place to get this Prime Pro Bundle is at mindpumpmedia.com. Doug, are we giving some shirts away right now or what? We are. We're giving away five shirts. Okay, give them away. Yeah, we had 15 reviews. So we got Theodore de Great, Nikhil Nalamothu, Muscle, Hamster Watson, A Cameron 37, Nick Ford. All of you are winners. Send the name I just read to itunes at mindpumpmedia.com, your shipping address and your shirt size. We'll get that right out to you. Get your shirts. Pip, pip, pip, pip, monkey in the wrench. Yeah. That's 100%.  It's stuck. Damn it. It's stuck. So we gotta think. Forever. Hopefully this episode airs after the last one we did so that people know what we're talking about. I know. It'll be a really confusing. So the normal saying is throw a wrench. Throw a wrench in the mix? In it. Yeah, throw a wrench in the machine. Thank you, see it. Throw a monkey wrench in the works. Monkey wrench in the works? Is that what it is? Yeah, yeah. Oh, okay. So Justin took a shortcut. Obviously, he just throws the monkey's pritch. He just pritched it together in a meek way. But if you think about it, I love sayings because when you think of the saying, Throw a monkey in the wrench. It makes sense.    Shit's going down. You know my favorite saying of all time is because every time I hear it, I picture it.  If that. If it hits the fan. It hits the fan. Oh, God. Shit. You know what I mean? It reminds me of like Indiana Jones. Oh my God. I was just looking at it. Where the guy's just back it up and he's like, ah. Yeah. Do you know what movie that is, Adam? No. Well, I know Indiana Jones, but I don't remember that part. Oh my God. It's an iconic part. Ray has lost arc. He keeps disappointing me. What part? He was the big, huge Nazi guy. Yeah.   I think he would even feel just the moving air. Yeah. We can't even wait. Doug, click the translation for that. Let me see what the translation is. I want to read what the translation is. He got Monkey in the Wrench. I just read it. It was right there, dude. What are you doing? To do something that prevents a planner activity from succeeding. Throw a monkey in the Wrench. The funding for the project was withdrawn so that really threw a monkey in the Wrench. A monkey wrench in the works. Yeah, that's what you're supposed to say. So what's your favorite saying?  What's yours? I don't know if I have a go-to. Of course you do. He's not coming to you right now. Yeah, I don't know. I think we would know each other. Like what do I, what do you catch me saying a lot? In my wheelhouse. It's going downtown Julie Brown. No, is that another one? Is that just me? OK. Adam always says, wheelhouse. Downtown Julie Brown. OK, see that's good. Wheelhouse is yours. What's Justin's? I do use that. What is me? I mean, I use that one. That was terrible. I don't know. I can't understand what it is because it's an elfish. Lean, I don't know who he is. See, there it is. What the heck? Did you just speak elf right now? It's not that so many times, dude.  I know, I know a different language. I'm multilingual, but it's not real languages.  Orc, you know. So you can communicate to all the Disney characters. Yeah, I don't, I'm trying to think of something that you say all the time.  Yeah, which by the way, ladies and gentlemen, by the way, you can't say that anymore. Oh, oh, oh. That's your work, bro. It's pretty good. It's pretty good. You should know you can't say ladies and gentlemen anymore. Why? Because I'm not making this up.   I am not joking. It's got too far. Yeah, I can't say ladies and gentlemen. So fuck, I don't know what you're supposed to say. Oh my god, we're gonna have to get on to you every time. And all the gender pronouns, yeah. Attention use.  Maybe it's not a person. I gotta take it back. You have one other one that you do and I can't remember who it is. It's ladies and gentlemen is one of them. Trip off this, I always say that. What else do I say? You say ladies and gentlemen.  Yeah, it is. Yeah, I don't know. And that's not really a saying. And dude, by the way, I learned this because I had a friend from the East Coast. Dude is just as common on the East Coast as it is on the West Coast. They just use it differently. For example. Yeah, give me example. In California, if I want Justin to go get me a pizza, go get a pizza with me. I'll say, dude, let's go get a pizza. On the East Coast, they'll say, let's go get a pizza dude. They throw it at the end like that.  That means something totally different to me. What do you mean? Like, I'm gonna get a pizza dude.  Let's do this. I've always wanted to be with a pizza dude. I've always wanted to be with a pizza dude. I've been watching a lot of porn. Come on, East Coast people. It's not easy. But that's how they use it, dude. Remember DJ? Is that true? And his brother, Paul, remember Paul and his brother and DJ? They were brother-in-law. Anyway, DJ dense morning. Oh, okay, yeah. Yeah, that's how they used to use it from Boston. And so they used to use dude at the end of every sentence. And I always started off the sentence with dude. Yes. It was fascinating to me. Dude. It was mind-blowing. Well, it's like, Sal, and then you say something. Dude, then you say something. They say something and then dude. Dude, check this out. I like your shoes, dude. Like that. Versus dude, I like your shoes. See what I'm saying? Yeah, I do. Dude. It's backwards.  So, hey, East Coast.  Is that the origin? Is the origin from here? Has to be because it's a surfer term. I would imagine. Oh, no, it might be. Surfs up dude. No, hold on a second. It might be a Western thing because of like what the cowboys use. Well, dude ranch and all that. Well, if you're theory on it being a surfer and the saying is, serves up, dude. Isn't that what the saying is? Yeah, they did that after. Yeah, they, yeah, I get that. It's not dude, serves up. I know that. But I'm saying the way it's used in our lexicon, the way we speak it is we say it first. Where's the origin? So where's it coming from? I don't know. Doug's looking it up right now. Are you looking at the origin of dude? Can you look that up? Oh, so the late 19th century, denoting a dandy, probably shortened from doodle. Perhaps. Yankee doodle. That's not as cool. Oh, so like Yankee doodle do, dandy. So Yankee doodle dude. That's way better than dandy. I don't like the sound of dandy. Yeah, forget about that. Hey, dandy. That's dandy. Yeah, I don't like that that much. Dude, you know what I saw? See, I see it right now. Do you know what I saw, dude? I was on Facebook. Yes, I did. I was on Facebook. I have to actually have a conversation with you, Justin. Okay, all right. Because I know you go to the beach a lot because you live in the Santa Cruz area. Yeah. And you go in the ocean. Yeah.  Do you swim in the ocean? Yeah, it's a good call. Yeah, like I not very frequently. Good. Yeah. Thank God. Do you guys realize how many great white sharks there are? Just recently they had to close the beaches, right?  Like, oh, that's a shark. No, these are legit man-eaters. The biggest ones in the world and the highest concentration, I believe. Dude, that's why I never got into surfing, dude. So I tried to add that one in there, yeah. Crazy. Right there, dude, in our backyard. Is it the worst here? It's... What is it though? There's a lot here, but I think Australia's worse. I don't know. I want to say. I want to say South Africa. South Africa, I believe, is the worst. But I know it's one of the most populated areas in the world. Because scientists actually go, there's a spot. What is it that spots like an underground, an underground underwater shipwreck? Like, oh, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. And like hell of them are over there.  You always see them, like, where that... I feel like that ship... Based off the information you got from like a Disney cartoon. No, no, no, no, no, no, no, what? No, no, no, it was... You know what you're thinking? Yeah, you know what you're thinking right now? Port Nemo or... You're thinking a little Nemo because they swam through the ship. Got the reference. I did get the reference. No, no, there's a shipwreck or something, right? Like a cement, something down there. And tons of great whites. And so it makes me totally reaffirms my sphere of the ocean. I never go out that far.  If I could touch the ground, I'm cool. When was the last time, Justin, there was an attack? Oh, just recently. Here's some stats for you. Well, this is total attacks. I'm talking about great white sharks. But yeah, this is total attacks.  Are we not even in the top 10? No, Florida is USA. I mean, they're not that frequent. Oh, no, no. California, USA. Yeah, okay, so what I wanna see, Doug, is the highest instance of great white shark attacks. Not just shark attacks, because you could get bit by like a nurse shark.  You know what I mean?  Oh, I got attacked by a shark. Yeah, it doesn't count. I'm reporting this.  So I'm out. I'm in the sand. You know what's funny? The fear I've always had of the ocean is not of sharks. It's just gross and seaweed and slimy and like...  Right? Yeah. It says the guy who won't swim or swim in the sea. Because for sharks, not because it's icky. Can you nibble my toe? Yeah. Because it's... Hey, dude. Watch out for the sharks. I'm like, it's gonna take a bite out of my ribs. I'm also talking about when I'm five years old.  So I'll go out and swim.   And you're swimming where your feet don't touch and then you feel something brush by your toes. Do you freak out? Totally. Oh my God. I lose my mind if that happens. It's horrible. All right. Bring on the questions, Douglas. Quo-o-o-o-o. Quo-o-o-o-o-o. Qu-o-o-o-o-o-o. Qu-o-o-o-o-o. Today's Quo-o-o-o-o-o is being brought to you by Kymarocoffee. It's the only coffee that is infused with all natural Nutri-opics for a cleaner, calmer and more focused buzz without the crash. Put the Kymarolink at mindpumpmedia.com and input the discount code Mindpump a check out for 10% off. It's the motherfucking Quo-o-o-o. The eagle has landed. Qu-o-o-o-o. All right our first question is from Mr. Mallory. What are the best ways or exercises to correct a sagging uneven shoulder? A sagging shoulder? So one that's kind of dropped. Would that be forward shoulder or is he talking about down? No I think he's got a knee and a shoulder. Yeah he's probably his scapula is probably elevated right? On one side or do you think one is depressed too much on one side? Either way right? You've got an imbalance. Yeah most common that I've seen are people that have like one that's really like super overactive and tight and like if you get somebody who does like a job where they're like riding on a whiteboard for hours all day long. It's actually common. I almost never see unconditioned I should say people's shoulders being even. When I do an assessment there's always one that's harder than others. It is common. It's definitely and what you see I feel like you see this a lot with people that either drive so like my bus drivers, taxi drivers, someone who drives Uber all day long, somebody who is a teacher who is riding on a whiteboard or a chalkboard all day long, somebody who is lifting their shoulder up to do whatever they do for a living all day long, tend to have this imbalance. And it's just the trap is super overactive in it. On one side? Yeah rolls the shoulder girdle forward and up and then if you don't correct that and you go do all your exercises you just worsen the condition. Yeah now if this is due to an actual problem like a neurological issue like you have not your typical poor connection because you don't use it but you have an injury, an old injury that did something and now there's a muscle that's not really turning on. Like if you can rule that out and it's just basic you know right to left and balance because of deconditioning. One of the simplest things you can do is do all your movements with dumbbells, go really light, watch yourself in the mirror and force yourself to be exactly the same or symmetrical between the two sides when you do your exercises. Now this is going to require you to use less weight than you normally would because the second you raise the weight to a point where there's a certain amount of intensity involved, your old pattern will take over because that's the one you're strongest in, that's the one that you're always in. So lightweight dumbbells go really slow and literally watch yourself and just match the two and what you'll find is you'll end up having to take the weaker side and that's the one that's going to have to end up working more but make sure everything looks exactly the same in the mirror and that should help. Another thing that I see that's common with people with uneven shoulders is actually a serratus imbalance where they get winging in the shoulder blade. You guys ever see that where somebody will do push-ups and one shoulder blade will wing a lot or they're standing and you can see it kind of winging a lot and so sometimes people will notice that one shoulder is higher than the other but they're not realizing that they're having winging going on just because they don't see themselves. What do you think about doing a little, because this is pretty common and we have all dealt with this enough, what do you think about doing a little YouTube series where we talk about different movements and ways that we would address this? It's definitely a visual thing. Both sides match or something like that. Okay. Yeah, Doug, maybe we do a YouTube series after this to go in conjunction with the release of this. But yeah, so if you have that issue where one of your shoulder blades is winging, then there are exercises you could do, for example, you could get into a push-up position with your arms locked, not bend your elbows, but let your body sag between your shoulders and then press away. It's all scapular and then you can start to strengthen that right there. This is actually more the winging of the shoulder blade. It's not super common, but it's more common than you realize because I remember when I first got taught this years ago. Well, think about it.  And if you're doing that on one side all day long all the time and you've done that for many years while you were not in the gym doing corrective movements to help keep it, you know, balanced. I mean, yeah, it's super common. It's in some people, it's really bad. Some people it's like I think it's most common where it's just slightly off and I think when I really that's that's so common and it's hard to address because people sometimes they didn't notice. Well, you know how I think to me how I always saw this right and I remember like it took me a long time before I put this together and learned how to start to really help people here, but I remember getting people under a bench press and they always tend to the bar is really uneven. Yeah.  This is tends to be one of the conditions right here that that is causing that. So that's one way for someone trying to figure that out. Quick commercial break. Hey, people ask us all the time how they can support mind pump. Here's what you can do. You can go to www.brain.fm forward slash mind pump and get 20% off brain FM for meditation or focus. You can also go to www.audibletrial.com forward slash mind pump and get a 30 day trial plus one free audio book.  Next up is Teran Dutu. What are your thoughts on whether or not children should lift weights? And this person's referring to a 12 to 13 year old. You know what's interesting about this question is that people place weights in a different category or as if lifting resistance was there was something inherently bad about it for the body. Therefore, you have to be a particular common thing. It stunts your growth. Yeah, it's an old, it's an old myth. It's an old myth that training with weights will stunt your growth. Now, first off, definitely weight before you lift weights, but not because of the resistance, but just because of the balance factor. I've trained young kids before and the hardest thing to do with a 10 year old when they're lifting a very lightweight above their head that they have the strength to lift is keeping the balance with it. You give them two dumbbells. Properly stabilizing themselves and being firm in position. Yeah, a lot of times, yeah, they just kind of go with momentum with a lot of their movement patterns and that's something that they need to learn as a prerequisite to that for sure. Exactly, because their arms will move all over the place. So, young, I mean, if you rephrase the question, thoughts on whether or not children should be active. Yes, always, from day one. So, and using resistances absolutely fine, given they have decent amount of balance and it's usually around 12 or 13 that you'll see more of it, but they still have poor balance.  It's just not as bad, not nearly as bad as when they were nine or 10. But yeah, there is no detriment at all to proper resistance training for anyone. And that myth of stunting growth is still, I hate it, it's still prevalent, but it's a myth because what they did is they took, when people came up with that myth, is they understood that before a certain age, there are growth plates in between your bones and your bones actually get longer and bigger and that's one of the reasons why you get taller.  So, you've essentially stunted the growth of those bones. Now, what we need to consider is the amount of force required to damage those growth plates with proper resistance training. I wanna say proper. So, you get a 13 year old who's properly doing a barbell squat. The amount of weight that we would have to put on the bar in that proper form and technique and all that, in order to damage those growth plates is way more weight than that 13 year old would ever be able to lift. It's just way more weight. So, there is no worry about that. Now, can you damage growth plates doing horrible form and banging something on yourself and falling down and stuff like that? Of course, that can happen with any accident. Well, I think that's the big fear of allowing a 12 or a 13 year old to work out. I never liked training kids, although I trained a ton.  They're tripping over their feet. They're super clumsy, getting them to settle down to train and work on mechanics. So, I had to come up with little clever tricks to get them to train the way I wanted to. So, I'll give you an example. It just popped in my head when I was thinking about this. I remember having this kid who was a hockey player and he was 12 or 13 right around that age. And I was trying to get him to do a shoulder press and just not do it like flailing his arms all over the place. And so, I kind of made a game out of it where I stood in front of him and I balanced on one leg. I had him balance on one leg and then I told him he had to mirror me with the weights and then I grabbed some 10-pound weights. He had some 5-pound weights and then we're shoulder pressing and it was who could stay balancing and not set the dumbbells down the longest and we're trying to mirror each other and go as slow as we can. And I made a game out of mirroring me and actually stabilizing and slowing the repetition down as slow and controlled as possible because that's extremely challenging for them. They'll, like Sal said, they'll want to flail their arms and they'll be all over the place. They just have bad control of their bodies with weight at the end of their limbs, you know? So, mostly, you know, at that age, I think for the most part, which now I've also had anomalies too. I've also had kids that were just at that, their parents got them into sports. Gymnastics. Oh, yeah.  Yeah, and they had unbelievable body control and I could teach them a deadlift and a squat. Well, that's the thing. If they have that, you know, ability, like I'm not going to stifle that. I'm going to try and build upon that. Like, why would you? They just have to prove that they have done that work to where they have the control and the means to support their joints properly in all these different ranges of motion and, you know, especially to whatever their goal is, like, it's great to teach kids proper lifting techniques. I think that a lot of the fear with this is, you know, it's fear of bad coaches, bad strength conditioning, like whatever the program is, because there are a lot of bad uneducated coaches out there that will improperly load weight on kids and, you know, and like this happened actually to my wife, like she had a really bad coach that, you know, took over the volleyball team and had them all, like doing back loaded squats with way too much weight. And, you know, there's, I think it's unfortunate because like weights will definitely help aid in strength and performance. It's just, there's a progression to that and there's a proper dose of that.  What, like we're not trying to over intensify their workouts and it's not like the entire goal. Yeah, and in proper resistance training at that young of an age that's, and it's done properly. Remember, that's the key word here. Huge benefit to a 12 or 13 year old. They will gain proprioceptive ability of their bodies, far faster rates doing that versus not doing it. They will also build muscle. And if they're a male in particular going, they start to go through puberty right around that age.  Huge spike. And there's been some speculation that right around that time is a good time to maybe induce muscle hyperplasia where you're not only thickening muscle fibers, but you're producing more muscle fibers. So now your kid probably is going to have better muscle building genes as an adult because of the training they did when they were young. But earlier we were talking about like kids in gymnastics. You know that I have never seen a sport done with kids that gives them just the body awareness. Like I was at the community pool with my kids over the weekend and there were these like, I don't know, they're probably 10, 10 year old boys.  Like these were 10 year old kids and they have six packs. You know what I mean?  And then sure enough, I'm watching them do handstand, you know, walking and they're doing back flips and then they're going off the diving board and doing all these flips and stuff. And I mean, their proprioceptive ability is amazing. And that's the flip side of it is if you start at a young age and learn proprioceptive ability and really train it in your body, you are setting yourself up really well for the future because there's a certain level of it that becomes permanent. Just like, you know, when they say, never forget to learn a bike. Part of the reason why you never forget to learn a bike, how to ride a bike is because you learn how to ride during that period of time when your body is kind of developing these permanent connections. So yeah, 12, 13 years old, do it properly. Great idea. Body weight first in my opinion. And then once you start to progress to weights, stress mechanics over weight and go lean towards the slower repetitions, you know, four, five, six, eight seconds, 10 second, you know, eccentric motion. So emphasizing the skill and the mechanics.  Spet 13 is asking, do you still recommend the mini-cut way of eating if someone's BMI is over 35? I'm up there with my daily calorie burn is approximately 3,400. I am comfortable eating 18 to 2,200 calories. Is that too big of a deficit? I wish I knew what this person's total weight was. Well, 35 is a high BMI. Well, that's why I want to know because right away, that high of a BMI, there's no doubt that that's a low, low calorie burn and that's even lower caloric intake. That's very low.  So you're talking about someone's really obese, like severely obese. You still do a mini-cut. It's just a longer mini-cut. So what I mean by that is if I had, let's say I have a 300 pound client and they need to lose, you know, 150 pounds. It's a big, you know, half their body weight they have to lose, right?  The biggest loser is a great example of this. They've done a few articles on some of these contestants. Every single one of them had a BMI. That was over 35 and they were all severely obese and all of them, if you watch the show, did severe calorie restriction, any crazy amounts of activity and afterwards all of them gained the weight back and some of them were measured where they were, you know, just to keep the weight off. They were doing two hours a day of exercise and eating 1,200 calories and these are big people.  Many of them were just naturally big people. 1,200 calories a day, two hours of exercise every day just to maintain what they did on the show. So you don't want to be put in that position because I think the last thing you want is to get yourself out of this obesity to succeed at that and then find yourself in a position where you're gaining the weight back. Yeah, because now you feel helpless and then it becomes this like spiral, yeah. So we kind of talked about this the other day and honestly, if I had you as a client, I would actually have you eating closer to 3,000 calories right now and strength training. Our goal would not to be creating a big deficit and trying to lose weight right now. I'd be trying to speed up your metabolism. The reason why you feel comfortable eating 1,800, 1,200 is because your body is pretty adapted to that. It feels satiated and it feels fine. That's not a good sign. 1,800 calories for someone of your size, you have way more mass and fat, just more weight to you that both fat and muscle tissue require calories. So they both require calories and muscle requires more. So even if you don't have a lot of muscle and even if you have a lot of fat, it still requires a lot of calories and you're not feeding it a lot of calories.  But if you are eating in that much of a deficit, that low of calories and you don't feel hungry, that's not a good sign. You should feel hungry.  So I would be spending time right now strength training and keeping your calories closer to three. And I really don't like, it's kind of funny we picked this question, but because we don't like to normally address, you know, individual people, right? Like specifically their goal or what they're doing because everyone is so unique. But looking at those numbers, I wouldn't want you in a much of a deficit. I'd be trying to put some good muscle on your body and not put any fat on. So this would be like, I'm looking at a chart right here, just so we have a reference, a man who's 5'9", who weighs 240 pounds. So it's a pretty big, that's a high BMI. Yeah, so that would be... Imagine though, how much caloric, that person should be...  Yes, you don't want cutting it all right here. You're, because there's no way...  You're at one point. So let's say you truck along and you lose 20, 30 pounds and that's not your, that's not your done. You're not done. You want more. Yeah, because you have another 50 or 60 to lose. Where are you gonna go? Right? You're already at 1,800 calories. To get to 50 pound weight loss, you might have either stayed at 1,800 calories or at some point even dropped it to 1,500. Now you want to lose another 60.  Because wherever you end up is where you're gonna have to stay to keep yourself that weight. Okay, so is there any bariatric treatment that would like take those steps like to like build up their muscle first and like not worry about... Oh, I see you're just saying like protocol? Yeah. No, no, no, no. Right? Like I've never even heard of something like that. No, they don't, they don't, they don't, they do psychological analysis. They do, but they do not, they're not like, here's your prescription for resistance training. Interesting. We want to see your strength and mobility go up first. I mean, that would be brilliant if they did. It would be. Well, I just gave this analogy also on the show not that long ago where I, you know, and let's use you for this person we're talking to right now as this example. So we have two ways I could take off training you the next, you know, 30 days. One way my goal is to actually get you to where I'm getting you to eat 3800 calories and not gain any major fat. So that's my, this is trainer A. That's how I'm going to handle this client. The next 30 days, I'm slowly increasing your calories. I'm trying to negate the extra calories by, you know, your program design and increasing volume over time, hoping that any of those extra calories are going, are allocated to building muscle versus getting stored as fat. So that's my trainer A goal. Trainer B says, okay, I'm going to do it your way and I'm going to do 1800 calories to 2000 calories. Put you in about 1000 calorie deficit every day. Loosen weight. At the end of the month, trainer A put you, put one pound on you. You're actually heavier than when you started with trainer A. Trainer B lost you 15 pounds of body fat. Who is better in this situation? Right. See, the person on the other end of that, they don't know any better. They're like, oh, trainer B, dude, I lost 15 pounds. Whereas the right answer is the person that's building you up.  I need to lose 100 pounds.  I'm going to tell you right now, like these are the type of people that we help on there. This is where we're at. This is where we have an incredible community of people that are supporting and helping. Huge support system. Well, here's what I was going to say. If you're this person, you want to lose 100 pounds of body fat, dedicate one year to gaining strength and performance and maintaining your weight. Literally, seriously, give yourself a year where you don't gain any more weight. And your whole goal is to get stronger and more mobile in the gym. After that year, start the diet process and watch what happens. The odds that it'll become permanent are much higher. Unfortunately, most people do not want to hear what I just said. Nobody who says, I want to lose weight. They don't feel like they're winning. Yeah, nobody wants to hear that.  I'm not going to weigh a year. You also said an extreme amount because it may not. But if you go in with that attitude that it could potentially take you a year to really build it up. But I think you would be surprised. Again, not knowing everything. We're totally speculating right now. But do not be afraid to feed that body more calories, strength train, put more effort and energy into building muscle and get the idea that you need to lose 50 to 100 pounds out of your head. What my goal is, I want to be able to eat more without getting fatter. And if that means I can increase myself up to 3,800 calories, but I haven't lost any weight, you're in a much better place actually a month later eating 3,800 calories and not putting any weight on than the guy who lost 15 pounds from restricting his calories down to 1,800 because you'll eventually run out of you know, room. You just can't keep going, you know? Quick commercial break, you guys. We keep getting asked all the time, how can I support the Mind Pump family? Here's one of the best ways you guys can. You guys love that Chimeric Coffee that we have. Chimeric Coffee with a K. You go to chimericcoffee.com put in the discount code Mind Pump for 10% at the checkout. Also, if you guys want to know how I have this luxurious beard and you want one too, go to bigtopbeardcompany.com put in the discount Mind Pump again but this time for 33% off. Also, you guys, if you guys have not tried Ben Greenfield's new bars out, they're fantastic.  Go check it out. Kray Manley, what's your view on obstacle course racing? The training, the events. Where do you see it going? How can your training methodology benefit the sport? So, we love it and we weren't necessarily big fans. I mean, I know I wasn't against obstacle course racing. I knew what the tough mother was in the Spartan race and all these other ones in between. Yeah, they look like a lot of fun. Yeah, I always knew what they were. They look cool. They never interested me and I wasn't, I didn't look at them and think, oh my God, they're super awesome. It was just a thing until we met, what's his name? Joe, what's Joe's last name? Jodecina, there you go. Joe DeCina, who is the founder of Spartan races. Isn't it funny how?  One of the coolest guys ever met. Great storyteller, very cool guy but he talks about what got him into or he tells us what got him into obstacle course racing and what it represents and then I got it. I understood what it was all about. It's literally, we live in this temperature controlled, fluffy world where everything is easy and comfortable.  Just say it, dude. Cancel around. Well, you could sum it up. And we don't test ourselves. Whatever that means, by the way, it doesn't mean you have to be like some crazy whatever athlete but we just don't test ourselves on a regular basis at all. Physically or mentally but especially physically and there's a lot, you can learn about yourself and there's a lot of growth that comes from reaching those limits because they're challenging. It's almost like hacking life. If you think about life, you grow in life when things are challenging. Well, you can kind of hack that by making things challenging for yourself by doing some of these things. So I can understand the appeal all of a sudden the way you explain it made total sense. So that being said, can we even say what we're doing? Yeah, of course we can. So we're going to be the official podcast hosting the Spartan race championship in Lake Tahoe. I'm pumped about this. Yeah, I'm super pumped about this. It's the world championship. So, you know, all the athletes that around the world even will be there that are the best. How many competitors do you say? I think 12,000. So I mean incredible amount of our boy Ben Greenfield be competing up there as well. So we have a few. We have a few. I know my public listeners that will be competing in there. Well, we have quite a few, I think that are going to be competing in there. So hopefully we get a chance to see some MP family out there. We went to our first one a little while ago because we went to go because Ben was competing. So I went to go say hi. He was in our backyard and man, it's rad. It's really cool to watch. I could really see the appeal. I like the camaraderie and everything else to everybody contributing and cheering people.  I know I know what it feels like. You know, it's hard. Yeah, exactly. I know what it feels like to really test myself and how you feel afterwards. It's incredible. So I think they're really cool. I definitely see them growing. And the reason why I see them growing in size is because life is getting more and more comfortable. The more comfortable life gets, the more you're going to see people challenging. You interrupt that whole process of thinking too. So yeah, like you said, when you're at home, everything is comfortable for you and when you're at work, everything's comfortable for you and when you're in your car, like everything is just catered to us. Like a lot of times we just don't step out of that and really challenge ourselves and what we can deal with adversity wise and overcome. And this is sort of like, I mean, it's definitely like one way to do it. And there's a lot of different ways to do it, but it like the way like he described it, like how that was really challenged your spirit and like how, you know, you had to, you know, endure this, this feat and that kind of reward you get after that. It's, it sounded appealing. So I have, you know, I have a, I think it's, I have something to admit with it. I was not a fan of OCR at all. I was not, even though I'd done a Muddy Buddy before. Like you weren't indifferent. You actually didn't like it. Yeah, but that was the video, right? The Muddy Buddy. No, I did not like, I didn't, I didn't like it and just basically cause personally, not like I didn't like it as like an organization. Like I didn't, I didn't like it personally. I never once said to myself, do I want to do it? I've had all of my buddies have done them. They've all of course invited me to do it and challenged me to do it.  Like I have no, I had no desire to do it just because it doesn't, it doesn't, not a good friend though.  Like, wow. Hey, I'm into this new thing. Go off it.  It never, it never aligned with any of my, my own personal goals. So I didn't really connect to it. A lot of the clients that I train that were into OCR or marathon racing or any of that stuff. I saw more people that had a bad relationship with it and they used it as their way of getting in shape. The only way they could get motivated is to train for the next. So being honest, I was, I was not a really big fan of it from, from that perspective, right? But I have to admit like after meeting Joe, and this is, I find it fascinating how meeting one person like that can change my whole view on how I look at it differently now.  Like he is definitely our people. We for sure hit it off with him. I can't wait that episode drops. Oh yeah. I can't wait to introduce him to people to our audience that have never heard of me. Hands down, it was one of, if not the like the coolest stories that I sat and listened to podcast we've done. Yeah, it was one of my favorite for sure. So just getting to know him and then hearing the business side. I was so fascinated with that.  All of this is on the rise because of how plugged in we are as a society and we're getting worse, right? We're more and more connected to our phones and disconnected from ourselves and those around us. So it makes incredible sense. Dude, it's like a concentrated version of the elements like hammering you, right? You're like making up for like a year's worth of not, you know, getting exposed. Yeah, it makes total sense why it would be a brilliant idea to build a business like this because there's a huge need for it and the need is growing right along with technology, which it's funny because it's totally opposite of that. But that's why it's because people are going to need this more and more. It's an outlet, dude. It's becoming an outlet and as studies are starting to come out showing that some of these team building event type things like this, like this, you know, obstacle course racing type stuff is being used quite a bit for team building and there's now studies showing that it improves, you know, employee productivity and morale and you know, people... Yeah, you have another type of connection with your coworker, which is powerful. And you know, these are really popular especially amongst Silicon Valley executives and I think because tech is such a competitive market that they're always looking for an edge, right? They're always looking for the next edge and how to become more creative or whatever.  Yeah, it's definitely going to grow. I don't see it slowing down in any time in the near future. At some point, it probably will but I don't and the biggest one is Spartan and you know, we got to attend one of those. I mean, again, I think they're really awesome. I don't think it's a good idea to use them or marathons or any other event for that matter as a, like Adam was saying, as a reason to work out because there's lots of those people who, they cannot find the... They can't get themselves to the gym unless they're training for something. And these are the same people that have... But if this is your sport and you're training for your sport, you know, that's cool. That's where it makes sense. And I know we have some listeners that are like serious OCR guys like they literally go to multiple events, totally different stories. It's the same thing with CrossFit, you know. Right, right. Yeah, so it's like if you're using CrossFit for like the ultimate way to beat your body up as a sport, you know, party on. But yeah, it's not like for people trying to get in shape and lose that extra fly. Right, right. I do say, I will say this, as far as our training methodology is concerned, MAPS Performance has its name written all over this. Now, that doesn't mean you just do MAPS Performance for OCR because OCR is so specific, technical. You need to do a large degree of technical and specific type training. So if one of your... Build yourself a course like Ben Greenfield says. Yeah, exactly. If one of your events involves, you know, monkey bars, then you can get really strong doing all kinds of different exercises like you will in MAPS Performance and we're going to give you a very, very good general overall broad spectrum based type performance.  So I would say the best... The methodology that you'd want to follow for this is you'd want to have a solid base of training that focuses on... So you basically run through that first, like, legit run through of MAPS Performance, just like we indicate in there. Like, we're building up that raw, maximal strength and we're getting further with that as far as proprioceptive ability and multi-planar type exercises and adapting to that specific type of stimulus and then we move on, you know, and we get a little bit more into power-specific, like speed power. So these are all attributes. Like a good athlete, like, needs all these very specific type of attributes. Especially, you know, obstacle course racing because it's so varied. You know, obstacle course racing involves, like, lifting yourself and then... Summing something like right away. Yeah, so hop over. So I would... The base of your training should be something that works on those attributes, which we would consider broad spectrum performance because it's so many different things. But then the specifics of your training should also be there in the sense that you are practicing your...  You're doing them more to get better at them and to get more technical. Because here's the other thing. Some of the best obstacle course racers in the world or, like, if you ever watch... What's that game show on TV where they do Ninja Warrior or whatever? Yeah. Which is kind of like that a little bit, right? A little bit, yeah, more... That's even more technical, right? Right. The best athletes that compete in this aren't necessarily the most fit. It's the ones that know how to do the events or the challenges the best and have the best technique. Yeah, for sure.  Your strength to weight ratio. Oh, yeah. Your strength to weight ratio with that because so many of the events require you holding your body weight up or pulling your body weight up over something. Even just running. You want to be light and you don't want a lot of excess weight. That's for sure. This is why Ben Greenfield's so great at it. When you look at him and his physique right now, I mean...  Super strong hands. Yeah, super lean and small. Again, he doesn't fill out a large t-shirt, but when he's super strong for how... Very, very, very muscular, but not very big. And it gives him that particular level of performance. But the other thing that he has going for him... Those hands. Besides his physical... And those hobbit feet. Besides his physical attributes is his course in his backyard. He has a course in his backyard where he practices these particular events and that's part of his training.  He used to do the trath lawns all the time. I forgot about that. I thought he was just like an obstacle course guy. And when I was up there with Kyle...  And just bust out. And he just jumped in and started swimming. And then Kyle went in with him. I was like, no way, man. I knew better. How far did Kyle get? Kyle got about halfway. And then he was just like... Just looking around like, no. Did Ben go all the way? Oh, he just jammed. Jammed all the way there. Like nothing then came back. He's a machine, dude.  I know, right? He was killed, everybody.   You're halfway through and you're like, I can't make it back or forward. I'm going to drown right now. I think Kyle should take him on a jiu-jitsu mat now. Oh my God. The last guy I wanted to jiu-jitsu. He's big, strong, and technical. Oh my God. Look, if you go to YouTube, you should check out our channel, Mind Pump TV. We post a new video every single day. Subscribe to that channel. Also, if you want to ask us a question that we answer on an episode like this one, the place to do it is Instagram and the page to do it on is Mind Pump Media. We all also have personal pages. I'm going to start with the best one first. It's Mind Pump Doug. Then it's Mind Pump Justin, Mind Pump Adam, and finally, Mind Pump Sal. Thank you for listening to Mind Pump. If your goal is to build and shape your body, dramatically improve your health and energy, and maximize your overall performance, check out our discounted RGB Superbundle at mindpumpmedia.com. The RGB Superbundle includes MAPS Anabolic, MAPS Performance, and MAPS Aesthetic. Nine months of phased, expert, exercise programming designed by Sal Adam and Justin to systematically transform the way your body looks, feels, and performs. With detailed workout blueprints and over 200 videos, the RGB Superbundle is like having Sal Adam and Justin as your own personal trainers, but at a fraction of the price. The RGB Superbundle has a full 30-day money-back guarantee, and you can get it now plus other valuable free resources at mindpumpmedia.com. If you enjoy this show, please share the love by leaving us a five-star rating and review on iTunes and by introducing Mind Pump to your friends and family. We thank you for your support and until next time, this is Mind Pump.


Good evening aspirants. We have an announcement regarding pre-storming 2021 program of Shankar IA's academy. It is the prelims test series for the upcoming preliminary UPSC exam 2021. We are happy to announce that Shankar IA's academy has started admissions for the second test batch. The test began on 11 December 2020. Our pre-storming program is first India's full-fledged artificial intelligence support preliminary test series. All the required details of pre-storming 2021 are provided in the description of the video and also at the comment section for your reference. With this, we will move on to the Hindu news analysis for the day 14 December 2020. First, let us take up this editorial article. The author here talks about the ongoing issues with respect to the farming sector in India. In this regard, he also prescribes some measures to overcome the crisis in our farming sector. Now let us discuss them one by one in detail. The syllabus that is relevant for this analysis is highlighted here for your reference. Now let us move on to the news article. We all are aware of the current protest that is happening at the borders of Delhi where the farmers are protesting for more than two weeks against the controversial new farm laws. Please note, we have extensively covered on the three farm laws which recently got their scent from the president of India and the three controversial farm laws are given for your reference. Now let us see why the farmers are protesting. First of all, the farmers produce trade and commerce act for the first time permits trade in agricultural produce outside the APMC regulated Mondays. Before we continue, let us understand what is an agricultural produce marketing committee or APMC. Remember, as per the seven schedule of the Indian constitution, agriculture is mentioned in list two, which means it comes under a state subject. Under this, the agricultural markets or Mondays in most parts of the country are established and regulated as per the state APMC acts. So these APMCs are marketing boards that is established by state governments in order to provide a platform for farmers to sell their produce. Since they are set up by individual state governments, there is a lack of uniformity among them. So with an objective to bring uniformity across agricultural markets in India, the center proposed the model APMC act in 2003. But note, not all the states adopted the entire provisions of this model act. So in order to overcome this, the current act enables private Mondays to be set up across the country where anyone can buy produce from farmers. And the license is that the buyers are required to process in the APMC are no longer made necessary. And this aspect creates a fear among the farmers since it can pay way for private companies to establish private Mondays with no proper government regulation. The second aspect is with regard to the farmers agreement on price assurance and farm services act, which establishes a national legislative framework to enable contract farming. Now based on the past experiences, contract farming in India is not always been beneficial for farmers since it involved many malpractices against farmers, which includes one sided contract agreements, then delayed payments, quality based undue rejections and also outright cheating. And the third reason for protesting is against the proposed changes to essential commodities act. This law aims to remove the arbitrary and periodical stocking limits on agricultural commodities that was imposed on traders by the government. This creates a fear of hoarding among the farmers. Hoarding is nothing but a situation where the private players will buy the produce in harvest season when the prices are generally lower and they release it later when the prices are high. The fourth concern of the farmers is that they believe that these bills are the first step towards elimination of MSP regime. See, minimum support price or MSP is the price at which the government will purchase crop from the farmers and this MSP guarantees a minimum and a fair amount for the farmers produced before the sowing season. We know that the MSP was approved by the cabinet committee on economic affairs that was chaired by the prime minister, but please note it is fixed based on the recommendations of CACP which is also called as the commission for agricultural cost and prices. This CACP will submit separate reports recommending prices for cariff and rabi seasons. After considering this report on the views of the states and the overall demand and supply of the country, the center takes the final decision. Remember, the CACP recommends MSPs for 23 commodities which includes 7 cereals, 5 pulses, 7 oil seeds and 4 commercial crops. Now, in order to resolve these ongoing protest, the government has proposed certain amendments to the 3 acts. These proposed amendments are found to be in respect with the registration of private traders with the taxes on trade outside these APMC Mondes and certain assurances on the continuation of the MSP mechanism. Now, let us see what the author conveys in this editorial. First of all, the author remarks that the latest amendment proposals that is made by the government are unlikely to resolve these issues and even if they are resolved, this will only be a temporary solution. Moreover, even their withdrawal is unlikely to change the ground reality and the author puts forward the crux of the real issue or the real concerns in agricultural sector which includes the declining farmer income, the lack of remuneration for the producers, an unpredictable government policy, then comes stagnant wages, the withdrawal of state support to the instable prices. When we focus on the price instability, the author points that increased dependence on markets as contributed to increasing variability in output prices. Similarly, the government has always failed to intervene by establishing or stabilizing the prices through MSP-led procurement operations. Say for example, crops other than rice, wheat and for some pulses, most of them suffer from inadequate intervention from MSP operations. In order to justify his point on price instability, the author takes an example of a steady decline in year-on-year inflation of wheat based on WPI. And the decline in prices was seen despite record procurement by the government. This highlights that the procurement operation failed to arrest the decline in prices. Before continuing further, let us refresh our knowledge on WPI. See, it measures the average change in the prices of commodities for bulk sale or old sale at early stage of transactions. It accounts for changes in price at an early distribution stage which is before the retail level sale. It is calculated using the base year 2011 to 2012 and it is compiled and released on monthly basis by the Office of Economic Advisor which comes under department for promotion of industry and internal trade in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The index further covers commodities that is falling under the three major groups, primary articles, fuel and power and manufactured products. These three categories of WPI, it covers prices of products or commodities from four sectors and these four sectors are agriculture, mining, manufacturing and electricity. Here it is to be noted that the services sector is not covered under WPI. Now coming back to our article, another important problem which farmers face is poor institutional mechanisms for agricultural loans. We all know that farm input costs are rising for which the author takes the example of NBS for fertilizer scheme. This NBS or nutrient based subsidy led to an increase in fertilizer prices. See NBS program for fertilizers was initiated in the year 2010 and it was meant to contain fiscal subsidy on fertilizers which had increased dramatically after 2006 to 2007 and under the scheme a fixed amount of subsidy is decided on an annual basis based on the nutrient content present in the fertilizers. But the immediate result of this NBS was a sharp rise in fertilizer prices. Also the withdrawal of diesel subsidy and the rise in electricity prices it further contributed to making agricultural unviable and to add to this the farmers meet most of their cash requirements from non-institutional sources which includes middlemen who have contributed to the rising cost of cultivation and to the increase in loan defaults. Now coming to the end of this article let us see what the author prescribes. According to him the agricultural sector it needs a more comprehensive policy to recognize a new challenges for which a better understanding of the structural issues and an innovative thinking to protect farmers livelihood is found to be necessary and required. More fiscal support and revamping of institutional structures to support the agricultural sector are the need of the R and only when we achieve all this the vision of government on doubling farmers income can be achieved. With this we come to the end of this news analysis. Let us move on to the next news article. This oped article focuses on the building of China's major hydropower project on the Yarlang Sangbo river. Now let us see in brief about this Yarlang Sangbo river. This river is referred with the name Brahmabutra in India and Sangpo in Tibet which is the place of its origin. Its major source is the Chema Yungdang Glacier or the Kailash range which is at an elevation of about 5,150 meter and its source is very close to the sources of Indus and Sutlage. Now let us see why this hydropower project is being built. This hydropower generation station is expected to provide 300 billion kilowatt hour of electricity annually. So China feels that this project will help the country to realize its goal of reaching a carbon emission peak before 2030 and also to achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. On the other hand India is also considering building a 10 gigawatt hydropower project near the Arunachal Pradesh. The other projects in Himalayan region include the two other hydropower projects in Arunachal Pradesh or the tributaries of Brahmabutra and they are the 600 megawatt calming project on the big home and Tengar rivers and the 2000 megawatt Subhansiri lower hydro electricity project. Experts feel that the two countries are over estimating their economic potential at the same time they are totally underestimating the earthquake vulnerability of this region. Well let us talk about why this rush for dam building in Himalayan region will be a misadventure. First comes the high seismic zones which coincide with areas of high population concentration in the Himalayan region. Next is the common occurrence of landslides and floods due to glacial outburst. Here it is to be noted that about 15% of the great earthquakes of the 20th century with a magnitude of more than 8 have occurred in the Himalayan region. The northeast Himalayan bend has so far experienced several large earthquakes with a magnitude of 7 and above in the last 100 years which is more when compared to the share from other parts of the Himalayas. Now let us discuss why there were so many earthquakes in the Himalayan region. Consider this map firstly the Himalayan region lies in zone 5 which is highly vulnerable to earthquakes. Next the Himalayas are among the most seismically active regions in the world which is the result of an ongoing collision between the Indian and the Eurasian continental plates. The Indian plate continually marches northward a few centimeters each year thereby going under the Tibetan plateau with each of its advance it causes earthquakes of varying intensity. Now let us see some examples of the devastating earthquakes that has occurred in this region. Now let us consider the 1950 earthquake of 8.6 magnitude which just happened south of the Mehmohan line. It was the largest continental event ever recorded which devastated Tibet and Assam. It also paved way for massive landslides and widespread land level changes along with gaping fissures. It also led to water and mud oozing out in the Himalayan ranges and the upper Assam valley later the dams were breached generating flash floods in the downstream sides which silted the drainage systems and the earthquake was felt over most of the subcontinent. This is an evidence to prove how fragile northeast Himalayas is. Another example would be the 2015 Gorka earthquake of Nepal with a magnitude of 7.8. It caused damages to the hydropower projects in Nepal because of which Nepal lost about 20% of its hydropower capacity consequent to this earthquake. About 30 projects with a capacity of 270 megawatts which were mostly located along the steep river valleys were damaged. The cost of physical damage is calculated to be about 200 million dollars. The loss was huge in this earthquake because it triggered a landslide which wiped away the hydropower projects. Constant landslides causes heavy siltation of dams and this will eventually lead to the reduction in the water holding capacity of dams and further lead to frequent flooding from the dams. So experts are of the view that dams in these places do not serve their full purpose. So we can say the northeast Himalayan bent with its deep gorges is the most unsuitable spot within the Himalayas for giant dams. Some of the other threats to the fragile ecosystem includes global warming, territorial disputes leading to increased infrastructure activities, then comes deforestation, land use changes and also military activities. So some experts are of the opinion that these fragile ecosystems should be announced as a nature reserve by an international agreement and not used for such activities. Also, Himalayan river commission should be established to get the opinion of all stakeholders from places where rivers originating in the Himalayas flow. With this, we came to the end of this particular news article. Now let us take up this news article which talks about an upcoming virtual bilateral summit between the Prime Ministers of India and Bangladesh. The virtual summit will be held on 17th of December 2020. The major topics to be discussed in the summit would be with respect to connectivity projects regarding the water sharing management for the T-star and other common rivers and about the construction progress of the petroleum friendship pipeline from Silguri to Bangladesh's Dinajpur that began last week. We all know that the initiation of NRC and CAA had ignited popular resentment in Bangladesh. So in this regard, issues relating to them will also be discussed in the meeting in order to restore the momentum in ties. We had already made an elaborate discussion regarding the issues related to CAA and NRC in many of our news analyses during November and December 2019. In this context, let us have a brief understanding about India-Bangladesh relations in recent times. We will also briefly see about the issues with respect to CAA and NRC. Usually, we can say that India and Bangladesh share a warm and friendly tie or a warm and friendly relationship with each other and this is evident with the recent bilateral engagements which includes various visits at senior official levels. The multi-dimensional cooperation between the two countries ranges from traditional sectors of tourism, health and education to frontier technologies of nuclear science, space and information technology. India has so far signed many bilateral development projects with Bangladesh in 2019 and these includes projects on the supply of commercial vehicles, on the extension of national knowledge network to Bangladesh, in the establishing of community clinics and water treatment plants in Bangladesh, in the import of bulk LPG from Bangladesh and in the inauguration of Bangladesh India Professional Skill Development Institute at the Institution of Diploma Engineers. When it comes to the field of defence, recent high-level exchanges were held at the level of services chief of Indian Navy, Bangladesh Navy and Indian Air Force. The other happenings include the conduct of second annual defence dialogue and inaugural tri-services staff. All these aspects have contributed to the significant improvement in the bilateral defence cooperation between India and Bangladesh. Coming to the economic ties, it is to be noted that Bangladesh is the biggest development partner of India at present. India has so far extended three lines of credits to Bangladesh in the last eight years which amounts to 8 billion US dollar and this was done for the development of infrastructure in various sectors including road, railways, shipping and ports. But despite all these, there have been frictions over the relationship between the two nations on certain issues say for example the issues related to CAA and NRC. Talking about CAA, it was an amendment that was done to the Citizenship Act of 1955 and the basic objective of this amendment is to facilitate the granting of Indian citizenship to members of six minority communities who had migrated to India from three countries namely Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh before 31st of December 2014. The minority communities mentioned in the Act includes the Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians. Now talking about NRC, it is a register prepared after the conduct of 1951 census. These registers they cover each and every person enumerated under the census of 1951 but the problem is it was updated only for the state of Assam. Remember the objective of updating NRC in Assam was to segregate the Indian citizens living in Assam from those who had illegally entered the state from neighboring countries like Bangladesh on or after March 25, 1971. At present there is a proposal to conduct a nationwide NRC. This had created problems in the relationship between India and Bangladesh and it is in this regard that the prime ministers of two nations that is India and Bangladesh would discuss the issue in the upcoming conference. Now let us take up this prelims practice question. Consider the following statements regarding T-star river. Option 1. It is a tribute to the Brahmabutra river. Option 2. It originates in Tibet and flows to the south through Sikkim and West Bengal. Before entering Bangladesh. Option 3. The flow of the T-star is greatest during the summer. Which of the above given statements is or are correct? Statement 1 is correct since T-star river is a tribute to Brahmabutra. Coming to statement 2 regarding the origin of the river. Please remember that the river rises in the Himalayas near Chuntang in Sikkim, India and it flows southwards to West Bengal before entering Bangladesh. Therefore statement 2 is incorrect and statement 3 which states that the flow of T-star is greatest during the summer is also correct because during summer that is between June to September the monsoon rains are heaviest and this leads to the glaciers to supply abundant water. Therefore the right option is option B that is 1 and 3 only. With this information let us move on to the next news article. Moving to the next discussion have a look at this question that is based on the news article. The article talks about the regulated transport services inside the Kajiranga National Park and Tiger reserve for exploring its ecosystem. Please note already the jumbo or the elephant safaris and the jeep safaris exist for exploring the park and now boat and bike cycles are also permitted for the same excluding the core area of the park and this initiative is expected to generate enough revenue to take care of the habitat as well as the communities that depend on the park. In this context let us see about the Kajiranga National Park and Tiger reserve. This Kajiranga National Park is located in the state of Assam and it spreads across two of its districts namely Kalyabor which forms a subdivision of Nagawan district and Bokakart which is a subdivision of Golakart district. This national park lies at the cusp of Indo-Malayan biological realm. The park is circumscribed by the Brahmaputra river which forms a northern and eastern boundary and the southern boundary is formed by the Moradiflu river. Other notable rivers in the park are Diflu and Moradansiri. Now coming to the geology the park has got flat areas of fertile alluvial soil that was formed by erosion and silt deposition by the Brahmaputra. The landscape also has sandbars, beels, riverine islands and riverine tracks known as chaporis. These chaporis provide retreats and shelter for animals during floods. Kajiranga National Park is known for its big five which refers to one-horned rhinoceros, helifence, Bengal tigers, Asiatic water buffaloes and swarm deer. It is also notable for hosting two-thirds of the world's great one-horned rhinoceros which marks the world's largest population of one-horned rhinoceros. It also possess the highest density of tigers among the protected areas in the world and that is the reason why it was declared a tiger reserve in 2006. The national park is also important for wetlands and birds are water fouls in those wetlands. The park is also an important area for migratory birds. For this reason, it was declared as an important bird area in India by the Bird Life International and due to its outstanding significance, the Kajiranga National Park was included in the list of world heritage sites by the UNESCO in 1985 under the natural category. Further, being one of the largest tracks of protected land in the sub-imalian belt and also because of the presence of highly diverse and visible species, the Kajiranga National Park was described as a biodiversity hotspot. With this information, let us look at this question. Consider the following statements with reference to Kajiranga National Park. Statement one, it is known for big five namely one-horned rhinoceros, elephants, Bengal tigers, Asiatic water buffaloes and swamp deer. Statement two, seasonal flooding and river migration are threats to the national park. Which of the statements are incorrect? So, you have to find the statement which is incorrect. Now, when you look at the statement one which talks about the big five, the statement is found to be correct because we saw the same information in the article. And coming to statement two, we often hear about flooding in a S.A.M. and when it floods in a S.A.M. it also affects the Kajiranga National Park. So, such seasonal flooding causes many animals to migrate outside the park where they are found susceptible to hunting and are also counter attacked for crop damage. So, other than this, river migration is also a threat as it is also resulted in the loss of some 5000 acres of land from 1925 to 1986. Additionally, the presence of the busy national highway number 37 along the southern border of Kajiranga has brought increased settlements which disturb the wildlife moments in this landscape. And other key threats include rhino poaching, riverback erosion, inbays of species, tourism pressure, heavy traffic and livestock grazing. When viewed in this perspective, we find that seasonal flooding and river migration proves to be a threat to the national park and therefore statement two is also correct. Now, on looking at the question which of the statements are incorrect, since both the statements that are statement one and two are correct, the right option is option D that is neither one nor two. With this, we come to the end of this news article. Now, let us look at this main question that is in regard to the editorial that we discussed earlier. The question is, with an aim to double the farmers income by 2022, the government is brought out many initiatives aiming at reforming the farming sector and improving the livelihoods of the farmers. But many a times they fail to gain the trust of the farmers on the system, critically analyze. Let us take another main question. Elaborately discuss the geomorphological characters of the Himalayan ecosystem, why a lot of hydroelectric projects are taking place there? What are the perils in this development? You can write the answer in 250 words and post it in the comment section below. With this, we come to the end of today's analysis. If you like the video, don't forget to like, comment and share. And do subscribe to Shankar Aya's Academy YouTube channel for updates regarding UPSC civil service preparation.


Live from Los Angeles, it's theCUBE, covering Open Source Summit North America 2017, brought to you by the Linux Foundation and RedHash. Hey, welcome back everyone. We're live in LA for the Linux Foundation Open Source Summit North America. I'm John Furrier, your host with Stu Miniman, my co-host, our next guest, Jim Zemlin, executive director of the Linux Foundation. Runs the whole show. Welcome back to theCUBE. Great to see you. Thank you, thank you. Runs the whole show is a little bit of an overstatement. Well, certainly great keynote up there. I mean, a lot of things coming together, just some structural things. Let's get the update on what's going on structurally with the Linux Foundation. Sure. One, and then two, the keynote today this morning, really kind of laid out the state of the union, if you will. And all cylinders are pumping, no doubt, on Open Source. So give the quick update on kind of what's going on at the Linux Foundation, and then let's get at some of the trends inside the Open Source community. Yeah, I mean, our organization has grown quite a bit in the last few years, is evident by all the people who are here at this event. But our focus is really on the projects that are important to the stability, security, and growth of the global internet, and of large scale systems. And when you look at Linux, or Node.js, or things like our networking projects, which are powering the production networks for three and a half billion people, we're really focused on is making sure those projects are healthy, making sure that they have great developers who write incredible code, that it's used to power things like China Mobile's network, or AT&T's production network. And then those firms are employing the developers, who then write more code, you get more solutions, products, services based on Linux, or whatever, more reinvestment, lathering, it's that cycle we're trying to promote. So, before we get into some of the stats, structurally, I know this show, we've, CubeCon was out there, clarify the structure, how the shows are rolling out, how are you guys putting together the big tent events, and how developers can get involved in specific events across. And now there's a ton of projects, but just at a high level, what's structured?  We have about 25,000 developers that attend all of our events, which are all over the world. But we have our open source summit, which is really sort of a summit to come together and talk about these big picture issues around sustainability, to allow for cross project sort of collaboration. We have project specific events, so the CloudNativeCon, CubeCon event, which is coming up in Austin, which is going to be blowout.  I didn't even probably have three or four thousand. I'm getting more platinum sponsors than I've ever seen in any project before, so it's crazy. Demand. Yeah, yeah, you know, you get it while it's good, right? It is, you know, all these things kind of go up and down, but they're on the upswing. So we have project specific, and then in the networking sector, we have the open networking summit, which is sort of similar to open, the open source summit, but much more focused on networking technology, SDN and NFV. And that is going to be an LA next year, and we'll have a U.S. event, and then a European and a Native. This shows purposes, what is this? How would you position the open source summit? The open source summit is where all the projects come together and do cross, you know, pollination. You know, I mean, the idea here is that if you're just always in your silo, you know, you can't actually appreciate what someone else is doing that may improve your project. And Jim, there's a couple of events that came together to make this, because it was LinuxCon, ContainerCon, and Meso'sCon is also co-residents. Exactly, so we just decided after a while that, you know, all these events could come together. And again, you know, this cross-pollination of ideas. And they kind of did, they're just different hotels in Seattle last night. Right, exactly. It's like, all right, that's enough. We can't call it, it's just going to be open source. It's a big tent event. It's a big tent event, and it really reflects how open source has gone mainstream in a way that I don't think any of us would have predicted even maybe five, six years ago. It's pretty massive, just to quote some stats, 23 million plus open source develops. What do you share on stage today? I want to get to your keynote. 41 billion lines of code, 1,000 plus new projects a day, 10,000 versions, new versions pushed per day, 64 million repos on GitHub, just amazing growth. And so this kind of points to obviously the rising tide is floating all both. Now I made a comment, I tweeted, I got in the spirit of the joke of standing on the shoulders of giants before you. It's like, what shoulders are we standing on now? Because there's so many projects. Right here, right here. It's going to be like a legacy, like the dual star, batch values. Then around for a while, you mentioned old news and you bring up Linus on stage. I mean, some projects are older, more mature, groove swing, tier one, meat and potatoes, some got a little bit more flair and fashion to it, if you will. So you got new dynamics going on. Yeah, I mean it's like the shoulders you're standing on are almost like stage diving, right? Where it's just lots of people, shoulders that you re-basket around on. But the idea here, and what we really focus on is what are the most important projects in the world and how do we make sure we sustain those projects? So those are the ones that you're going to generally see focused on here. Like, you know, if you've got two people contributing to one small repo for a very small project, that's probably not something that's going to be super high profile here. But what we're trying to do is bring together sort of the big projects and also the key contributors. You know, if you look at the distribution and this is the thing I think if you're a developer listening to something like this, someone who gives, you know, just one commit to a project to solve some kind of problem they might have, you know, that's the vast majority of people. Somebody who does maybe five to 10 commits, you know, a little bit less, quite a bit less, the vast majority of code, people who give 25 or more commits to a project, small group of folks. They're here. I know Stu wants this question, one final question on the growth, because this kind of reminds me of, you know, sports as we like the ESPN of tech here for the community. If you look at the growth, you put a slide by Source Clear that showed the projection by 2026 at 400 million libraries, at putting it today around I think 64 million. This is going to be like an owner's meeting. It's kind of like they get together this event because you are going to have so many projects. Because this is kind of the vibe you got going on here. The scale is massive. This is going to be almost like the owner's meeting. The teams, expansion is going to be coming. You have to deal with that. That's challenging. We're ready to grow. I mean, we've been working on systems and staffing and processes to help scale with that. You know, we take seriously that that code runs, you know, modern society, it keeps us private or doesn't, as we saw with the Equifax pack, which was a CVE in an open source project. And we want to be ready to up our game to, you know, let's say we could have a secure coding class at this very event for the greatest developers who are working on the most important projects in the world. Would that make all of our lives better? Yes. Absolutely. Absolutely. Yeah, you want to enable that. That's where you're going. That's exactly where we're going. Yeah, Jim, the quote that jumped out at me that you gave in the keynote was projects with sustainable ecosystems are the ones that matter. Yeah. How do we balance all this? I heard in Linus's Q&A, it was, you know, look, individuals important, but companies are important.   So, you know, it's always in technology. It's an and, and it's very nuanced, but how do we get our arms around this? How do we know where to focus? You've got to think about, it's almost, it's worth going back in time to understand where the future is going and study innovation theory. You know, Eric Vaughn-Hippel at MIT or Karim Lakhane at Harvard Business School. And you look at the framework, which is, you have corporations who underwrite a lot of development by hiring developers who have an equal importance in this and then users of that software. So those are your main constituents and sometimes they're the same people, right? Or the same things. They're not mutually exclusive. They're actually self-reinforcing if you get the formula right and you make sure that the project is in good shape so that it gives confidence to industry or society that, hey, we can count on that, you know? I mean, I think Heartbleed and OpenSSL maybe rattled people's cages. Like, hey, can we count on, not just this project, but can we count on open source period? So we spent a ton of time working with that project to provide them millions in resources, audited their code, expanded their testing, you know, and we learned a hell of a lot about how to support these communities in the most important developer projects in the world and create that positive feedback loop and that's what we're doing. Yeah, and Jim, as an analyst, one of the things we're always asked is, right, how do I choose the right technology? Where, as you know, companies now we're contributing here, so it's not just I'm putting dollars in, I'm putting manpower into this and the foundations sometimes get a lot of lumps from people saying it's like, oh well, people throw money and what do they get out of it? I really, I liked what I heard today, you're talking about the cycle and maybe talk to our audience a little bit about chaos. Which I thought was a nice tongue and cheek acronym to say how you're actually going to bring order to the chaos that we see in the open source world. I think people need to, I'm going to come to chaos but I want to answer one quick question about the roles of organizations like ours. We are the roadies, the supporting cast, and the plumbers and the janitors of the system that keep things going and, but the real rock stars are the developers and they're underwritten by, if you think about it, Linux is worth $10 billion. An average kernel developer makes probably, let's say 150,000 a year, by the way, they make more than your average developer because they're in such high demand. The role of organizations like ours is such a tiny fraction financially of what is really fueling this model but it's an important one. And what we ask ourselves all the day, all the time is, why do you need us? Who cares, right? Like throw your code up on GitHub, you don't need the Linux foundation, right? Why do we even exist? And the answer is to do things like this community health analytics for open source software to provide the infrastructure for sustainability. Sustainability is something that we need to measure, right? How many developers are contributing to a project? Are they from a diverse community so that if one group goes away, there'll be somebody else there to do that work? How much test coverage do they have? Are there code quality metrics that we can look at? Do they have security practices like a responsible disclosure policy, a security mailing list? Have they recently fuzzed their code? You know, are they a community that's welcoming for people with different backgrounds and so on and so forth? If you don't have a healthy project, you kind of don't want to bet your company on this project by using it in a production system, right? But here's the interesting thing. How many people are using that code in production also is a metric for health, right? Because that's where the reinvestment is going to come in the form of developers who are working on it. There's a difference between being proactive and being jamming something down someone's throat. So you're taking an approach if I get this right to be kind of the same open source ethos, use some KPIs, key course indicators to give them a sense of success. But you're not an edict saying you can't be an edict. It can't be an edict. What you want to do is preserve the organic innovation that goes on in open source and get projects to go, and you'll notice that curve of like sort of value to volume goes up and to the left. We could have written it to the right, but we hold the whole copy left thing we love. So it goes up and look, how do you get that organic innovation to kind of go from this small project up and to the left, right? How do you capture that? Well, give tools to everyone so that they can better self-analyze. You get exponential growth with that. Exactly, that's the key. If you try to control, it's linear. Exactly.  Exactly, so we studied a ton of innovation theory. We looked at how we can build frameworks to facilitate this kind of form of mass innovation, and so that's where tools like Chaos, which is being worked on by Red Hat and a lot of companies who want to figure out which project should I work on, how can I spot that one earlier, and we're excited about it. You know, I always joke being the old guy that I am and the late 80s, early 90s, and the 80s particularly when I was coding, we did everything, we wrote all the code. You bring up an interesting stat and you put the same finger on it, at least for me, and I think this is where a lot of us old timers who had to do all the libraries from scratch, you mentioned the code sandwich, the code club, the club sandwich, how code's being made, and the interesting thing is you find 90% of most great software is done with open source where the 10% innovation is done with original code or original content, if you will, and that is the norm. So open source is now called the code sandwich because you can put your differentiation, that's a good use of time. That's the meat. That's the meat, it's not a wish sandwich, as to use the old Blues Brothers example, but I mean, look, the thing is that that's dynamic is real, the code is leverageable, and that this is the dynamic, so is that 90%, where did the number come from? So that seems really high to me, but I love it. It's great. No, no, no, so that number came from a combination of Sonatype, Sourceclear, and other organizations that monitor commercial reuse of software on a global basis, so these are the folks who are actually working with commercial industry to look at the makeup of their code, basically. It also just, you don't have to go far to look at a Node.js developer is, they're using Node.js, they're taking packages out and they're writing, they're cutting pastemasters, but they write this critical component that's the board of their application, it's what they're doing. But that's the innovation fabric that's happening. It also is a requirement because let's look at a modern luxury vehicle today. It has 100 million lines of code in it. That's more than an F-35, like fighter jet, right? That's an unbelievable amount of code. Toyota, we work with, and our AGL, our Automotive Grid Linux is in their Camry. They couldn't write that code on their own, it's just too much. So this is, and this is how we get to autonomous vehicle control and things like that. I know you had a tight schedule, I want to make one more comment, I can do a reaction to it. I made a tweet and said, it's open bar and open source, and with a reference to all the goodness being donated by companies, Google, TensorFlow, there's a lot of other things coming in these libraries. A lot of people are bringing really, really big IP to the table. IoT, and I kind of made it open bar because a lot of the young kids, this is normal, well it's going to get better, it's going to be more, keep on drinking that open source because it's going to be more, it's just normal, it's going to be more like this in the future because you have essentially real intellectual property, like say from Google, being given to the open source communities as a gift for innovation. That is just unprecedented greatness. The reason for that is they're not doing it necessarily altruistically, although I think you can take it that way. They're doing it in a way that betters themselves and others at the same time. I mean, it is a form of collective capitalism where they've realized my values over here, it is better for me to collaborate on underlying infrastructure software that my customers don't care about, that's not critical to my system but I absolutely have to have, and I'm going to focus on data or I'm going to focus on much higher level innovation. And what that's doing is creating this hockey stick of innovation where as we share more and more and more infrastructure software and as that keeps moving up and up the stack, we all benefit. So in the theory of the management, for your management theory, their theory, and I'd love to get your thoughts on is that they're betting on scale rather than trying to go for profits in the short term, they'd much rather share intellectual property on the back end value of scale. And scale is a new competitive advantage. Exactly, take Kubernetes as an example. The fact that today, and just even a couple years ago, this wasn't known. We didn't quite know where this was going to be. But today you can take Node.js, build a container, take an application, throw it into a container and use Kubernetes to run it on Azure, Amazon, Google, or in a private cloud. That definition, the ability to do that unlocks this massive developer productivity which creates more value, which is more business opportunity for all these guys. They're not doing it because they're nice people. They're doing it because they're unlocking market potential. And they're the real rock stars. Jim, you're doing a great job. Congratulations on your success. You got a lot of growth in front of you and a lot of challenges and opportunities, certainly with that. And of course, the tech athletes out there doing the coding, they're the real rock stars. They're the real athletes. Of course, we get more on theCUBE. Thanks for your support with theCUBE as well. Appreciate that. Thank you. All right, this is live coverage from Open Source Summit in North America in Los Angeles, California. I'm John Furrier, Stu Miniman. We back with more live coverage after this short break.