Užržeme,11 never.icede we introduced the concept of Outdoor measure. We define it, we denote it by m star. And we define it as a set function form the set of parts of r in to the extend the numbers, so 0 plus infinity. And it was defined that way. je infimum v tem zelo v poslednjih vse, tako in in oz. A unijonega taj poslednjih vse je oz. Prost vstavljaj je najboljih jaz, načo je vse poslednje. zelo, da... Intervali, zelo, da bi bilo intervali. Zelo, da počekajte, da vzelo, počekajte, vzelo, nekaj za intervali. OK. Tako za intervali. OK, zelo, da smo počekajte. Aja, zelo... Zelo, da je zelo, da počekajte, počekajte, da reč socialesk subpravitodne zelo. Zelo. OK. Posevamo to voltaj, koncentreramo da zelo sliža in zelo. because koncentralen u bl винjini od dve entries. Naredil je začešljenje. To je to, da je to druga. the other measure of the countable union of this set can be bounded from above by the sum of the outer measure of the set a n. The first thing that we observe is that if... to nekaj lahko bilo zelo izlično, ne? Če bomo bi nekaj, da je, da je, da je, da je, da je, da je, da je, da je, da je, da je izložite, danes je je zašločila, ne? Ne? Ne, ki je, ki je, ki je, ki je, ki je izložite, nekaj. Ne? in kvaliti. Z nekajh spremstv, si to... ki se na koncu nešto, na razljah m starov n svojih n, je finit. Povej, n professionals. Nared, svojih pzitiv, je... je to z z definicijama mstar. Zdaj je to seqen, kaj je izgledaj, izgledaj ime. Zdaj, kaj je nekaj, in nekaj, ko je deločno od 1 do infinity, deločno izgledaj. najгиžne. Musite začelnje. The sum of the length of i and i over the index i is less than m star of a n plus here we chose epsilon to the minus n. O moramo posrediti ta znik, da povisem svoje tega človek sem pogorsila. Ok, da so me pridaj... Ok, da so me pridaj na srečke in pomegrati. Prej, da smo vzivo, tudi z tako izgleda uskoda, pribefete, da je hrab herejdete! Ok, da so se vrdu. So we consider what we want to prove and start of the union of A n. Vz Ji se v preserved equation, then the sum of n and the sum over I. So we are dealing with positive times which is less, so at this point to we make use of 2 stars. je nekaj nekaj suma m stara a n plus epsilon 2 n. To je nekaj nekaj suma m stara a n plus epsilon. Now, as usual, since epsilon is any arbitrary, small number, we get what we want. So we get that the outer measure of the union of a n is less or equal than the sum over n of m star of n. So basically, we see that so yesterday we saw that we want not the countable sub-additivity property, but we want indeed for these joint set the countable additivity property. So this somehow is not enough. So the way to seem in equal here would be somehow to restrict the set in the domain of of m-style, kaj? Yes. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. I didn't open intervals. Yeah, I mean, you mean fix a n, think at n, the index n fix, and you see it has, and also here, think at this n as a fixed index, and you run i from 1 to plus infinity, and this is an open covering made of opening intervals of a n, the one that you choose in the definition of m-style, kaj? This one, yeah. Probably it's, no, no, I'm sorry, this is an error, it's an index i here. Yeah, thank you. No, let me, no, no, no, sorry, sorry. No, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, no, n was okay, yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah, n was okay, so, no, no, no, no, no, sorry, no, n was okay. No, no, think it's this, no, you fix them, so you do it like this.  So think of this, you fix for any a n, think of this, fix a n, and then instead of epsilon, you can fix epsilon to minus, if for you maybe it's more clear, as a reason, you have epsilon, then you know that by definition of outer measure, for any epsilon times 2 to the minus hand, you can get, you can find, you can find this open covering, such that this holds, okay?  This is the way. Okay, and immediate consequence is the following corollary, so consequence of the countable sub additive property is the following, so if you have that, if a is countable, the countable set, then you have that m star of a is zero, okay? Because yesterday we proved that the outer measure of the single set is zero, okay? Okay, and another corollary, which is really also easy, is that you can prove that the set, for instance, the set zero, one, that of course you already know is countable for other reason, for other argument, you can see the fact that the set zero, one is not countable also as a consequence of what we proved. This is another way to see it. Okay, because of course we know that m star of zero, one coincide with the length of zero, one, which is equal to one, so it's not zero, okay? Yesterday at the end of the lecture I introduced some terminology. I will briefly recall this definition. So we decided to denote with this italic g, the set of, I mean, let me call it collection of open set of R, with g delta, g delta. Okay, no. With g delta is the collection of set obtained as intersection of set, of open set of set obtained as intersection of set, set in g, so open set. Then with italic f we denote the collection of closed set. So and in analogy we denote with f sigma the collection of set obtained as countable intersection. It's important. It's countable intersection and obtained as countable union of set in half. Okay. So the aim of introducing this set is that they will provide us with a way to somehow to approximate the Lebesgue measurable set by means of somehow elementary set somehow. So now we will first give an example of this kind of approximation. G and g delta. G is just the collection of open set of R. We choose all the open set. G delta is the collection is the set obtained as countable intersection because in general the union of open set is open. So if you take the union you will not add anything more. So just to remind you you take the intersection of open set. So it will contain open set and in addition all the set that are obtained as countable intersection of open set. Which in general is not open. You can find. And in analogy here you choose you consider closed set. You know that intersection of closed set is a closed set. So here you consider the countable union to add something more. Okay. Now you consider given A any set in R. Given A belonging to the set of parts of R and consider any epsilon positive then there is you can construct an open set O. Set O. So it's open. This is any set. This is open. Such that A is contained in O. And in addition you have that m star of O is less than m star of A plus epsilon. Okay. So do you have any suggestion on how to construct this set O? This open set O? Yeah. But you have to just to construct it. So think at the definition of m star. Yeah. Exactly. So. So the m star of A is the summation of the length of all intervals of some cover. Yeah. Then such that this summation is infium. Okay. So from the definition of infium adding any epsilon we are then zero to this infium which is m star of A. We get another cover which is the union of open intervals such that okay. So all would be just the union of the interval. Okay. So. Okay. Just think of the definition of the infimum. Okay. So you have that for any epsilon by definition n star infimum infimum of something. Oh. You have that the resist accountable collection intervals in. Okay. So that you have that the sum of the length of I n is less than m star of A plus plus epsilon. Okay. Okay. So you take O as we said as the union of these intervals of these open intervals and we are sure that O is open. And then we observe that to prove this. You have that. M star of O now we use that the accountable subatitivity subatitivity property of the outer measure is less equal to m star of I n. Okay. If you want we know that this is less take me side notional interval which is less m star epsilon. Okay. Okay. And this is one thing. So this is a first maybe elementary way to approximate A. Another way is the following. So we claim that there is a set g in the collection g delta which was the collection obtained as intersection of open set. Okay. Such that A is contained in g and this time we have more sharp inequality in the sense that we can say that m star of A is precisely equal to m star of g. Okay. So to prove this we use this fact somehow. Okay. So we have that but by the first what we just prove we have that for any k positive there exist a set an open set, okay. Open. Such that okay contains A and we have that m star of okay is less than m star of A plus for instance 1 over k. Okay. So now we define so how would you define g this time? Even without doing a lot of you know we know that g delta are obtained as of the intersection of this okay, okay. So it would belong to g delta and we have that A would be contained in g because it's contained in any in any okay now since A. But we Yeah. I can say from k greater than 0 from k belong to perhaps m. Hm? From k greater than 0 from k greater belong to m. Natural number. I didn't get your okay. Okay. G delta is in the set of all interest count of count of intersections of opposites. So if we say 40 greater than 0 this intersection won't be counted I think we have I mean but countable yeah but you can include also the empty set and it comes finite. Yeah but I mean you are interested in k you cannot divide it for 0. Huh? Okay take k from k for any k put from 1 to infinity. I mean k I mean k So k belong to m. Hm? Yeah. I mean k belong to m. I mean k belong to m. I mean k belong to m. Hm? Yeah. Okay.  An integer? Okay. I didn't get you. Okay so we have that a is contained in g since a is contained in any okay. And we have that m star of g is larger or equal than m star of by this of a. Okay since g contains a and on the other end we have that m star of g is equal by definition as m star of intersection of okay plus which is less than m star of a plus 1 over k for any k. So since this holds for any k you get that m star of g is less or equal than m star of a. And so you combine this last two and you get what we want, okay. Okay and raise. Okay what you can prove for the next exercise is that the other measure is that translation invariant. Okay okay now we start we begin to to introduce the notion of the bag measurable set. Okay so as already observed I mean the other measure is not what we want because it's not countable additive so we have somehow to reduce the domain of m star. So how to do this. Okay so I will give the following definition so we should say that a set e is measurable with measurable I mean the bag measurable. Okay here in the following I just refer to the bag measurable set is measurable set because but this is the correct definition okay bag measurable. If for any set a we have the following the composition we have that m star of a the other measure of a can be split as the sum of m star of a intersected e plus m star of a minus e. Okay so this is just the definition. So just let me recall you that you can express a minus e as a intersected e complement. Okay. So in that way you can have two intersection on both that. Okay so just let me remark that only one I mean you can see this equality as two inequality. So one inequality is always true because you serve we observe that we have that a is contained in a intersected e union a intersected a minus e. So basically by the subatitivity property this side always hold. Okay. So this is always true.  So basically in the following we just prove this when we want to show that e is measurable. Okay. Okay another remark is the following you have that the definition of measurable set of measureability is symmetric in e and e complement. Okay. Because you have that a as I told you a intersected e complement is a minus e is equal e complement is a intersected. So if e is measurable then also e complement would be measurable. Okay. Okay. Then another easy so just to show some the first example of measurable set we have the trivial case like an example. Okay. You have that the empty set is measurable. Okay. Because take any set in the set of parts of r then you have that m star of r is really equal to m star of the empty set intersected a plus m star of r minus empty set. Okay. This is just okay. This is zero and this is precisely equal to then another example another easy example is that the full real line is measurable. This is also very easy.  So if we have that if you consider e1 and e2 to measurable set then we have that also their union their union is measurable as well. Okay. If you want to see it we choose a test set a so let a be any set in r and for first we use the fact that e2 is measurable. Okay. That be any set and since e2 is measurable then we have that. Okay. Then we have that m star of okay. We have the following. Here we consider as best set a minus e1. Okay. It's any set. It doesn't need to be measurable. We just say that this is any set and we use the fact that e2 is measurable. So we have that. This is equal to m star of a intersection no, sorry a minus e1 intersection e2 plus m star of a intersected e1 complement minus e2. Okay. Okay. I call it one. Okay. What we want to prove so that our thesis is the following. Okay. We want to prove the following. We want to prove that as I told you one side equal is enough that m star of a is larger or equal than m star of a intersected the union of e1 union e2 plus m star of a minus no, m star of a minus this is our our task. Okay. So we observe that two call this is a set equality of that a intersected union of e1 e2 is equal to a intersected e1 union a intersected e2 e1 as from two okay. We got that call it three m star of a intersected union is less or equal by the subjetivity property of m star of a intersected e1 plus m star. Okay. Now we start from from here. Okay. We'll just keep inequality one. So we have that m star of a intersected e1 union of a minus e1 e2 is less or equal this is by three intersected e1 plus m star intersected e2 e1 plus m star. Now we use one. Okay. We use one in the sense that so we replace this one and this is the same and we can say that this is equal to m star of a intersected e1 plus m star of a minus e1. Okay. But so far we did not use that e1 is measurable and we use it here is less or equal than m star because e1 is minus equals the proof. So basically with all these few properties that we prove for measurable set what we what we can say about the collection of measurable set in term of algebra or sigma algebra. We still don't know if it is a sigma algebra because we just proved that the finite union is is a closed operation but we can say that at least is an algebra. So as a corollary we can say that the family and simultaneously we also introduce this notation which is italic m the family m of measurable set is an algebra. Okay. So why? Because okay. We saw that for instance the empty set belongs is measurable. Then we saw that the definition of measureability is symmetric in e and e complement. So we have that if e belongs to m if e is measurable then we can also deduce that the complement is measurable as well. And finally with the latter we proved that if one and the two are measurable set then also the union is is measurable. Okay. So but we want more but we will prove that. Also we have more property. And now we prove something which is finite and utility property of this land. Okay. So again let a be any set and we have that e1 e2 e n is finite. So now we proceed by step. So we start by with a finite sequence of measurable set of this joint. It must be also this joint. This joint. Okay, measurable sets. Then we have the following decomposition and we have that m star of a intersected the union of e i where i goes from 1 to n is equal to what? Is equal to the sum for i which goes from 1 to n of m star of a intersected e i. Okay. We just as a remark. Okay. This fact is slightly more general than finite additivity property for m star. Okay. Can you see why? So finite additivity property would be take a reset and you would add that. Okay. This is the finite additivity property for m star. So why this contain this? Take a equal to r. Yeah? Yeah. No, no, no. Because if you take a equal to r this is this becomes a special case of this. Okay. So this. Yeah. Because take a this is just trivial but better to show. So this is finite additivity property. No, no, I have to prove this. No, no. This. I didn't get. I will show you. No, it's necessary that I will show you. Yeah, no, probably, I mean I understand probably what you mean. In this case we can get rid of star. I mean, but we still have to be produced now. Let it. We will define the Lebesgue measure as the outer measure for some special set. But this will come later. So for now take it in this way, okay? That comes. Yes, we will show later. Okay. Okay. We prove the lemma by induction. Okay. Maybe I mean finite. Okay. Just to be property. I don't want to of m star over measurable set. Let's put in that way to avoid confusion, okay? Because otherwise for any set doesn't hold, okay? You have to this holds if i are measurable, okay? Okay. We prove the lemma by induction. Of course, over the index n. Okay, for any one, of course is true property pn pn is true. This is just a triangle. Okay, so we assume that is true for the index n minus one. n minus one, so see that. So for any equal one is true because you just a intersected in one is equal to the outer measure of a intersected in one equal to the outer measure is total logic. Okay. So we assume that pn is true for the index n minus one. And of course we want to prove that it is true for also for the index n. Okay. Okay. Okay, so we consider so we know by hypothesis that pn is true for any two n of this joint. Okay. So pn we know that then we can we can consider the following set equality. So we have the following. Okay, we can write think that a intersection, the union of ei with the index i goes from one intersected in this is equal to a intersected in. So basically this intersection is redundant, okay. And you have also that a intersection. Okay, the union of one from one to n of ei intersection nc is equal to intersection of the union of ei i1 to n minus one. Okay. Here you have n minus one. Okay, now you use if you with a draw you immediately get these two. Here you have n and n. Okay. They are disjoint. Okay. Okay. Now we use the measurability of the last set of en. So we have that. Why that? So this is probably partial the answer to your questions. I don't know who ask where we use. You ask where we use. Okay. I don't measure up. Vlity en. Okay. We have that. So basically to prove this you use two facts. The measurability of en and this induction hypothesis. So you combine these two facts and these two equality. Okay. So we have that. M star intersected the union of ei i1 to en. Okay. And you use this as a test set. Okay. Is equal to m star of a intersected the union of 1 to intersected en plus m star of this minus en which is equal to intersection with en complement. Okay. A intersected the union of ei i1 to en intersected en complement. Okay. Okay. At this stage we can use this. Okay. This is equal to m star of a intersected en because of this plus m star of a intersected 1 n minus 1 ei because of this. Okay. Okay. And here in this passage we use the fact that the artist join basically. And now we use the fact that p n minus 1 is true because we assume that is true for n minus 1. Okay. Let me write here. Okay. So finally we end up with the following. So we have m star intersected en plus the sum n minus 1. Okay. Which is equal to the sum which goes from 1 to n of m star of a intersected. And this prove this leads to the thesis. Okay. Okay. The next step will be to prove that indeed the collection of measurable set is a sigma algebra. Not only an algebra but a sigma algebra. The collection measurable set is a sigma algebra. Okay. Just to... Okay. We already proved this. This we know. So what remains to prove is the fact that the countable union of measurable set is still a measurable set. So it remains if you have a collection of measurable set then the union of them provides you with a measurable set as well. Okay. Before... Okay. Before proving this theorem we shall need a kind of auxiliary lemma which basically tells you that instead of dealing with any set when you have to to consider this union you can express these unions in terms of a union of this joint set. Okay. Which would be easier to handle. So the lemma is the following. Okay. So let that EI be a collection sequence. Then we will prove that there exist another sequence. A sequence of set we call them VI. Okay. Still measurable but why they are almost useless. Measurable. Which are VI are these are my property they are with this joint. Okay. And such that you have that VI and VI is contained in PI. PI and moreover the union of VI gives you the union of EI. So you have these three factors baby. So how would you define this VI? So A1 B1 is equal to E1 because you have to start from something and then B2 yeah so you have this B1 is equal to E1 there you have that B2 is equal to E2 and then you don't need the U1 anymore. Minus E1 okay. Because this is already contained. Okay. And then you go on so you have because would be B3 would be A3 minus the union of A1 A2 so V N would be just AN minus A1 AN minus one. Okay. Okay. In such a way what we immediately can say that this BN are measurable because we are doing just union and this minus can be seen as a complement and so we stay in the in within this collection. Okay. Okay. Another fact that comes immediately is that BN by construction is contained in AN Okay. For any N. And okay what remains to prove is that for instance that they are paired with this joint. Okay. Okay. Let us prove any N and then with N different from N we have BN intersected BN is equal to BN distract. Okay. For for the computation for instance we can assume that the index N is less than the index N. Okay. For the computation we assume Okay. So we express BN has I N minus we express by definition BN is A N minus the union of A I all right which goes from one to N minus one so in particular this is contained in A N. Okay. What about BN Okay. BN is A N minus Okay.  And this is contained in A M compliment. Okay. Because okay basically because you have union at some point you have some A M and you have union and you have N. Okay. Because M is less Okay. So this tells you that the art is joined. Finally we have to prove that if we we take the union we don't lose nothing anything. Okay. So we prove to prove that that the union of this B I give you exactly the union of B I. Okay. Okay. One side of course is trivial because so you have that you know that B I are contained in A I so this union would be contained in this union so we have that since B I are contained in A I you can immediately say that the union of B I is contained in the union of this. Okay. The reverse require a bit of some argument. Okay. So we want to prove the reverse or namely that the union of B I are contained in the union of B I we start by we pick an element in this union and we want to prove that it belongs also to the other union. Okay. Okay. So let X be an element of the union of A I which goes from 1 to infinity. Okay. In particular we observe that there must be an index N must exist there will be an index such that X belongs to A N. Okay. So that X belongs to A N and simultaneously X does not belong to the previous A J. You can any J less than N. Okay. So you take the smallest index it must exist. Okay. And in particular we have that with this choice we know that X must belong to what? X will belongs to the set B N because I recall that B N is made of A N because this union of I N minus Y but we know that X doesn't belong to those so it must be here. And so we have that in particular X belongs to the union of the I. Okay. Okay. So we prove what we all we had to prove and now we are ready that indeed the measurable set the collection of measurable set is a sigma algebra. Okay. Okay. You already so what remains to prove is the countable the fact that the countable union of measurable set is still countable. Okay. Okay. So consider a sequence E N measurable set. Okay. Okay. Then okay. Then we consider this union this countable union and okay. But the lem that we just prove we can just without loss of generalize we can assume that E N has the property that we just so they are paired with this joint of course measurable and the union the set that we introduced before. Okay. But just let me stress that must be pairwise this joint. So by lemma by previous lemma. Okay. So we can always make this assumption. Okay. Then define this set F N as the union of E I for I which goes from one to the index N. Okay. Of course F N is measurable because we know that if we do finite operation we still remains in the in the algebra. And okay. F N is measurable as we get what? We have that we have that for any test set A set of parts of R we have that the usual we have the following. Okay. We have that M star of A can be split that has M star of A intersection F N plus M star of A. Oh, let me use this this way to express the defense. Okay. Okay. Okay. Let me now observe that F N complement contains E complement. Okay. E is the union of all the set and this is just the union. Okay. So this is by this fact and the monotonicity of M star what we get. We get that this is larger equivalent M star of A intersected F N plus M star of A intersected E complement and call it star. Okay. Now we use one of the previous lemma by previous the one that I show you that leads to the to the finite additivity property so this lemma but we have that since E I are disjoint measurable we have that M star of A intersected F N which is nothing but the union of the first N E I is equal to the sum of M star the finite sum 1 to N star of A intersected E I Okay. Okay. Now we insert this in star this part here so we get so by the above equality if we combine these two what we get we get that M star of A M star of A is larger than the sum of I 1 to N of M star of A intersected E I plus M star of A intersected E complement Okay. And call it 2 star Okay. Now what we can observe? So we show we see that the left hand side of this is independent of N left hand side Okay. So we can deduce that M star if we let N goes to infinity we can say that if plus infinity we have that M star of A is larger or equal than the infinite sum from 1 to infinity of M star of A intersected E I plus the same term of A intersected E complement Okay. So finally Grover if you want noticing we can write intersected E E I we have that the sum of 1 to infinity of M star Now we use the countable so the activity property and we have that this is M star of the union of A intersected E and this is equal to M star of A intersected E Okay. Finally for what we get we get that M star of A is larger than M star of A of E plus M star of A minus E Okay. Which is this tells you that E is indeed measurable Okay. So this concludes the proof Okay. I think for today we can we can stop here.


Hello, in this lecture, we will define cash discount. According to fundamental accounting principles, while 22nd edition, the definition of cash discount is reduction in the price of merchandise granted by a seller to a buyer when payment is made within the discount period. So we're talking about a discount, which is a reduction in price on the purchase of the merchandise. Reason for the reduction of price is because it was paid within a certain time that time period being set up so that it can generally increase the cash flow of a business. For example, we might have a sale with a term such as this often put in this format where we say it's 2 slash 10 in 30 meaning we'll give a 2% discount if it's paid within 10 days, otherwise it's paid within 30 days. Typically then, we would put the sale on the books for the full price, if the full sticker price in this case was the 8,450 expecting payments within the 30 days. But if then the payment is received within the discounted time period, then we would have to account for the discount. And when that happened, then we would say that the IOU, basically the AR that we put on the books for the entire sticker price, 8,450 will basically go down because now we're going to be giving a discount. And it will mean that the cash that we will receive will be less. It'll be after that discounted amount at the time that we receive the cash. And it also means that the net income will go down as well because we originally recorded the sale at the full sales price. And obviously, we're not going to get the full sales price at this time, we're going to have the discount reducing that sales price. So basically, AR would go down at that point. And the sales discount would go up, which is a contra sales account, which would bring net income down at the point in time payment was received if received within the discounted time period, which in this case is 10 days.


We developed a method that combines Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-1 data to produce a high-precision Chinese mariculture distribution map with an overall accuracy of 94% and a Kappa coefficient of 0.91. The results show that the total area of mariculture was 1,173,249.22 hectares on the national scale, with Shandong Province having the largest proportion. Mariculture is centralized in the coastal zones of northern provinces and presents a spatial distribution characteristic of Dense North and Sparser South. The official production statistics and remote-sensing-derived mariculture area reveal a highly corresponding trend at the provincial level, with an R2 reaching 0.78. These results provide data reference for mariculture production estimation and site selection or ideas for mariculture extraction in other regions and globally. This article was authored by Seol Yong Liu, Jiu Wan, Seol Mai Young, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


Okay, the recording started. Good morning, each one of you. Thank you for connecting to the class. Let's take a moment to pray and then we will get started. Could somebody lead us in prayer? Who would like to pray with a class? Okay, so it's very quiet here. All right. Why don't you just pray with a class, please? And we'll start. Thank you so much for this brand new day. As we begin our day, Lord, and as we start our class, you will guide us, and Lord, you will open up the eyes of our understanding and also our hearts to be receptive, Lord. Teach us guide us, Lord.  All right. Once again, good morning to all of you. Welcome, and I, for those of you in other parts of the world, maybe it's evening or maybe it's very early in the morning, but thank you for connecting this morning. All right, so we are kind of towards the end of this course on our identity in Christ. We have two chapters that we're covering that we have to cover. One is which we started last week to talk about being one body in Christ. Then we're going to talk about the fact that we are ministers and ambassadors in Christ. And then we're going to spend some time talking about how to live the in Christ life. What are some of the instructions God has given to us in Scripture to live out of our place in Christ? So in Christ, we are in union with Him. We who have been joined to the Lord, we are one spirit with Him. He's the wine, we are the branches, His life flows through us. And so how do we live out of this place of spiritual union with Jesus Christ in everyday life? That's something we're going to look at. Possibly, hopefully, we'll be able to get into that next week. So today, our goal is to finish two chapters. One is about us being one body in Christ and then about us being ministers and ambassadors of Christ. So let's talk about being one body in Christ. We actually started this last week covered a few points there. So one being one body in Christ, we said that because we are baptized into Christ, we've been brought into Christ, we have put on Christ. That is Christ is now seen in and through us. We are clothed with Christ.  Those are not distinctions, but we are all one in Christ. And we saw that also in Colossians 311. And therefore, when we consider each other, we regard no one according to the flesh. That means while we do recognize each one's personal identity and so in the natural, we don't let that be the dominant factor in our relationships. We regard no one according to the flesh, but rather we relate to each other as new creation in Christ. And God is gathering all of us together in one in Christ, in him. And we saw this that what are the implications of this? What does it mean? One, it means that being in Christ, we are God's dwelling place, God's temple. And so we keep the temple holy. Each one of us, we are God's dwelling place in this powerful passage from Psalm 132. We went through where God tells us what God does when he dwells among his people. And we also talked about the fact that we establish God, we ask the house of God, the temple of God, we establish God's presence, and it destabilizes the works of the enemy, wherever we are. We also talked about the fact that because we are, all of us are in Christ as people, God's people from different parts of the world, we're all in Christ. This communion or this partaking of one bread of the bread in the cup is an expression of, of course, it's an expression of many things, but it's specifically, it's also an expression of the fact that we are one bread and one body. That means we are one in Christ. So when we partake of the communion, we are, of course, receiving the blessings of the cross of Christ. We are receiving everything the Lord has provided for us through his blood and his body, but we are also expressing we are one body, one bread and one body in Christ. And that's why that partaking of the Lord's table, the communion is so powerful. So that's where we stopped last Sunday, last Sunday last week, we're going to pick up from 117.117. So in Christ, because you and I are in Christ, we are part of his body. So what does that mean? It means we are a member in that body. By member, we mean a functional part of that body. So Paul uses the term members to refer to, you know, these functional parts of his hands as high as the fingers, the nose, eyes, the ears, the feet. Some are internal organs, some are these external limbs that we can see. But what the analogy Paul uses the human body as an analogy, and he uses that to tell each one of us that because you are in Christ, you're part of his body.  You're a member in the body.  He gives you function in the body. And that's given to each one of us. He gives grace. He gives gifts and he gives function to each one of us. So let's please read this passage from Romans 12 versus 4 through 8. Somebody could read that out loud for us, please. Romans 12, 4 to 8. For as we have many members in one body, but all the members do not have the same function, so we, being many, are one body in Christ and individually members of one another. Having them gives differing according to the grace that is given to us. Let us use them. If prophecy, let us prophesy in proportion to our faith. Or ministry, let us use it in our ministry. He who teaches in teaching, he who exhorts in exhortation, he who gives with liberality, he who leads with diligence, he who shows mercy with cheerfulness. Thank you. Amen. Thank you. So what is Paul teaching us? You see, all of us are in Christ. Therefore, we are part of his body. We are members of his body. That is, we are parts of his body. And as members in one body, all the members have some function. Now, all members don't have the same function, but all members do have some function. So that's the first thing you and I must understand. That being in Christ means we are part of his body.  And that means you have some function in the body. That means you have some purpose, some role to play in the body. So he says, so we, though we are many, that means we are all different, we are diverse, we are one body in Christ. So that's what we've been studying about in Christ. So we are one body in Christ. And individually, each one of us are members. We are parts of this body and of one another. That means we are here to serve one another. And then what he says is having then gifts. So each one of us have been given gifts by God by the Lord. So each one of you have been given gifts and these gifts differ according to the grace that is given to us. That means he's given you gifts. That means the ability to do things. Plus there is grace, which is the empowering on your life. So what must you do? You must recognize you have a function. God has given you gifts and he's given you grace in Christ. So each one of us have a function. You have gifts in grace in Christ. And what does God want us to do? He wants us to use them. Now there are different kinds of gifts, different kinds. So here is just a small list. He talks about prophecy, talks about ministering or serving, talks about teaching, talks about exhorting and encouraging people, talks about giving or generosity, talks about leadership. He talks about mercy or compassion. So like this, there are just a new risk.  Now the gifts listed here in Romans 12, 4 through 8, are different from the gifts listed in 1 Corinthians 12. In 1 Corinthians 12, we're talking about the gifts of the Spirit, which is available for all believers. The same nine gifts are operational or available to be operated through every believer. Whereas in Romans 12, we're talking about what we refer to as functional gifts or membership gifts. That means these gifts are associated with your place in the body. The gift of the Spirit, which is in 1 Corinthians 12, is just related to the fact that the Holy Spirit is at work in each of us. Whereas these gifts in Romans 12 talk about our functional gifts, meaning depending on where God has placed you in the body and the gifts he's given you, you have a function, you have gifts in grace and God wants us to use them. So we have many members. All of us are members of that body, but we all have many functions or different functions in the body. So what we must understand is that each one of us have a function. We have gifts, we have grace and we must use them in Christ in the body. Now, it takes some time for many of us to discover what is our function in the body. So it doesn't happen overnight.  You do this, you just start doing things in the body and then you will find out, you know, what are the gifts given and what is a grace on your life? Now, all these three are interrelated. The gifts and the grace are related to your function. That's what God, what the Lord wants you to do in the body. If you don't have those gifts and the grace, then that function is not for you. But the function in the body is related to the gifts and the grace the Lord has put in your life. So it takes a little bit of time for us to recognize the gifts we have and the grace that's on our life. And that helps us understand our function, what he wants us to do. And you saw here that there are different kinds of functions. You know, for example, think about leadership, he who leads. So, you know, leadership itself is so diverse, meaning you can lead a small group, you can lead a group of 50 people, you can lead a group of 100 people, or you can lead a group of 1000 people. So, you know, all of them have leadership, but the degree of the gift and the grace vary in each one of those examples that we mentioned. It's the same gift of leadership, but the grace and the gift, the degree of that grace and gift varies. Think about teaching. Again, teaching, you can teach in a small group of two, three people, you can teach a group of 50 people, you can teach a group of 100 people, or you can teach a group of 1000 or more people. It's the same teaching function, but the degree of gift and grace varies on each person. And that the Lord gives according to, you know, what he has determined. And so, even though the teaching function is the same, the degree of the gift and the grace is different. So, what must we do? We must recognize that we can grow in our gifts and grace. We can grow. So, a person who starts of teaching, you know, five people, if they are faithful in using the gift and the grace in that teaching function, if they're faithful, then the Lord has, you know, expand their influence, they can start teaching maybe, you know, 50 people. And as they're faithful in that, and they grow in the gift and they grow in the grace, he can expand that to 100 or 1000 or more. So, that same teaching function, the gift and the grace can grow. And also the same teaching function can be expressed in different ways. For instance, you can teach by just sitting with people and sharing the word with them, or you can teach, you know, through the printed page, or you can teach through, you know, by the blogs, people write, because the expression of the teaching gift can be so many different ways. Or people can teach, you know, these days, on video and audio. There are just so many ways of expressing that gift. It doesn't always have to be, you know, just the one way of speaking. Speaking is one way of teaching, but you can also teach through your writing, can teach through several other mediums, right? So, that same gift can vary. So, you think about leadership. You know, the leadership gift can be expressed in so many ways. Somebody could, an entrepreneur is a leader. He's a leader in the area of business. Somebody could be a lead researcher, you know. He's leading a team of researchers, but God gives him gift and grace to do that. Somebody could be leading in, you know, leading a team of, you know, architects to build a building. Well, that leadership there, that gift and grace is something given to that person by God, or somebody could lead, you know, a team of pastors. Well, that leadership gift is given by God. So, the same gift of leadership can operate in different, you know, in different, or can be expressed in so many different ways, right? So, what am I saying? I'm saying that there are these functional gifts. There are different kinds of functional gifts. There are different degrees of that same functional gift. People can grow in their functional gift. There are different expressions of that same functional gift. And God gives, you know, gifts and grace to each of us to fulfill that function in the body. And we must all use them for the glory of God, right?  What are the gifts and grace God has put in your life? Because those gifts, the gifts and grace define your function. Be faithful. And using your gifts and grace towards that function, then as you use it, you will grow in it.  And it will be different. We don't have to always be like somebody else. You express the gifts and grace on your life that we God wants you, right? Now, the other part of the belonging to the body of Christ is that we must understand that being part of the body and serving in the body means that we serve together with other people who are also in the body because all of us have been given gifts, grace and function in the body. And so Paul once again brings this out in 1 Corinthians 12, talking about our functional gifts. He once again uses the analogy of the human body. This is a lengthy passage, but I just want us to read it. So, we really get the, yeah, get the full impact of what the Apostle Paul wants to convey to us here. So, could somebody read this for us 1 Corinthians 12, verses 12 to 27? I'll scroll as you read. You can start here in verse 12. For us, the body is one and has many members, but all the members of that one body being many are one body, so also is Christ. For by one spirit, we were all baptized into one body with the Jews or Greeks with the slaves or free and have all been made to drink into one spirit. For in fact, the body is not one member, but many. If the foot should say, because I am not a hand, I am not of the body, is it therefore not of the body? And if the ear should say, because I am not the eye, I am not of the body, is it therefore not of the body? If the whole body were an eye, where would be the hearing? If the all were hearing, where would be the smelling? But now God has set the members, each one of them in the body, just as he pleased. And if they were all one member, where would be the body? Where would the body be? But now indeed, there are many members yet one body. And the eye cannot say to the hand, I have no need of you. Now again the head to the feet, I have no need of you. No, much rather those members of the body which seem to be weaker are necessary. And those members of the body which we think to be less honorable on these which on these we bestow great honor and our unpresentable parts have greater modesty. But our presentable parts have no need. But God composed the body having given greater honor to that part which lacks it. That there should be no schism in the body, but that should have the same care for one another. And if one member suffers, all the members suffer with it. Or if one member is honored, all the members rejoice with it. Now you are the body of Christ and members individually. Amen. Thank you. So I realize this is a long passage, but the main, you know, we can just highlight some of the key points that God is speaking to us through the Apostle Paul. So he's saying, look, you're all in Christ. So you all belong to the same body. Each one of you are members, individual members of this body. And God says, I want you to understand that in this body, there are different kinds of members.  And then there are bodies, parts of the body that are internal that, you know, nobody can see. So, so there are many parts in this body. And each one of us have been placed in the body just where God pleased. That means the function that God has given each one of us, God saw that that was the best function for us.  God, why didn't you give me that person's function? You know, no, we don't even need to think like that because the Bible says, God has set each one of us in our place, just as he pleased. So when you are in the place God has set, you're going to be pleasing to God. But if we try to wander out of our place and try to get into somebody else's place, then you know what? We are displeasing to God.  So, having understood that each one of us are different members in the body, that means we have different functions, gifts and grace in the body. God says, don't look down on other functions. Don't say the whole body is the eye. No. If the whole body were an eye, what about the hearing? So, the whole body is not just you or not just one kind of function. So therefore, let us not try to force our function on to other people, saying everybody must be like me. No, there are different parts, different members, and so we all have different functions. Secondly, we must honor each other. You know, so regardless of our function, we just honor each other. Recognize, you know, some may have very prominent functions. They may be very visible. Some functions may not be visible at all. They may be behind the scenes. They may be like the internal organs. Yet, they are very vital. See, nobody sees the heart pumping, nobody sees the lungs that breathe. But, you know, these internal organs are so important. So, like that, there could be people who have very vital functions, but they are not very visible. So, just because they are not visible doesn't mean they are not vital. Right?  Honor every member, whether they are visible or not, whether prominent or not, honor every brother, every other member in the body for the function they bring. Right? And so, we serve together. So, if one of us suffers, we suffer. We rejoice for those who rejoice. We suffer for those who suffer. That means, we are together in this as part of the body. And so, we recognize each other. We honor each other. We celebrate each other. And we, you know, we go together in the soul because we are part of that one body. Okay? Now, let me just go maybe finish this, and then we will take up questions in relation to this. The other part that we must understand as being part of the body of Christ is that collectively, we represent Christ in this world. So, a local church, the believers together represent Jesus in that area. So, there are many local churches around. And every local church is part of the body of Christ. And we believe believers. And believers in all local churches are part of the body of Christ. And we represent Christ to the world. Right?  The fullness of him fills all in all. So, the church is Christ's body. And it is a completeness of him. And he fills every part of the church thoroughly with himself. And so, the body represents the head. See, so the body executes what the head directs. So, head is like the command center. And then the hands and the feet and the body does what comes to the head. So, we are representing Christ here on earth. We are his body. We are his hands, his feet. We do what he tells us to do and what he wants done here on earth. And similarly, we must learn to honor other churches. You know, it's very interesting that Paul talks about churches being in Christ. In Galatians 1, 22, he says, I was unknown by face to the churches of Judea which were in Christ. So, he's saying, the churches of Judea, that means the churches, there were many churches in the region of Judea. And he says, these churches were in Christ. Same thing in 1st of students to 14. He says, he talks about the churches of God which are in Judea, that is in that region of the district of Judea, in Christ Jesus. So, it's very interesting, you know, he's talking about churches referring to whole communities of believers, right? That means there are many believers. These local churches, Paul says, they are in Christ. So, not only do we recognize other individual believers who are in Christ, we also recognize local churches as being in Christ. So, therefore, we honor local churches, right? We don't speak low of them. We don't, you know, judge and criticize local churches. No, we honor the local churches of believers, communities of believers who are in Christ. Now, keep in mind that local churches may have their own form of worship and expression of faith, believers. So, you know, they may sing and worship in different languages. They may, their style of music may be different. The way they may worship may be different. The way the community functions may be slightly different. And the way the style of preaching and ministry also may be different. So, they may have their own, you know, unique ways of expressing their faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. But as long as they are believers in Jesus Christ, as long as they are all saved and born again, those local churches are in Christ Jesus and we need to honor them and respect them in that manner. So, understand that being one body in Christ means that we all have functions. We all have a place in the body. We respect each other's functions. We represent Christ wherever He has placed us collectively. We also honor other churches that are in Christ. So, let me pause here and see if there are any questions. Is everyone with me so far on this? Any questions? Everyone's good? All right. Okay. If you have a question, please go ahead. Yes, Pastor. Thank you. So, my question is from Ephesians 4, where, yeah, from 15 and 16, like it says, but speaking the truth in love, may grow up in all things into him who is the head Christ, from whom the whole body joined in it together by what every joint supplies according to the effective working by which every part does it share causes growth of the body for the edifying of itself in love. So, I was just trying to understand the phrase written here, like joined in it together by what every joint supplies. So, my, suppose my gift increase, someone else in the body of Christ is someone else dependent on this. That's what I wanted to understand. Is someone else dependent on what God has gifted in terms of my spiritual gift? The answer is yes. God, we are all dependent on each other's functions and gifts and grace. Dependent in this sense, God has put us in the body so that we can minister to one another, serve one another, bless and enrich and strengthen each other. So, when we use the word dependent, it is in the right sense, meaning we are here to enrich each other and bless each other and strengthen each other and serve each other, given to each other's lives spiritually and so on. But not dependent, not in the sense of, oh, you know, if that brother or that sister fails in fulfilling their function, it's the end of me or somebody else. No, it's not like that, right? Because ultimately, Christ fills his body with himself and he's got so many people. So, let's say, for example, I'm going through a difficult time and God wants to minister to me through person A at that given time. But person A, at that given time, you know, fails to reach out to me or fails to, for whatever reason, maybe they are busy, maybe they, you know, God is speaking to them saying, hey, you know, reach out and help that person, but they fail to do it. Well, God may use person B or person C to step in and minister to me, right? So, the answer to your question is yes, God wanted person A to supply into my life to minister to me at that point, but maybe they were too busy or they just couldn't hear God or didn't want to do it, whatever. But then God will use somebody else in the body to reach out and minister. So, that's how we are a body. We need to be attentive. We need to be serving, using our functions, but it's not, you know, quote unquote, life-threatening. If one person fails, God will use somebody else in the body. But we must also understand and recognize that some people have been given such, and I use the word quote unquote, again, I use it in quote, such important or such influential place in the body that if they make a mistake, they do something wrong, it could hurt a big part of the body. And I'm talking especially about leadership, right? So, when in the body, God has placed leaders, people in leadership, which means he has graced them with influence in the body. That's because he wanted, he wants to do something through them to bless many people. That's what influence is. It's God's grace upon a person to influence many people, to bless many people. So, that's leadership. And so, in the body, there are people who have leadership. Now, if that person whom God has graced with tremendous influence and the gift that goes with that, to actually bless so many people, if that person messes up, does something wrong, the blessing that he was intended to bring to so many people could now become something very painful for people because of, you know, what he does. So, that's why we need to be very careful. Yeah. Okay. Okay, best. Thank you so much. Good. Welcome. Any other questions related to what we've just covered?   So, I'm talking, you know, when I was about, you know, early teenage years, so maybe around 14, 15, around that age. And I used to write little postcards, or sometimes on little pieces of paper, I should write letters, and I used to just post it to other believers whom I met. So, when I meet a believer, in those days, you know, there was no email or WhatsApp or instant messaging or free time, or in fact, even the phone was not that easy. We had those rotary phones and every house didn't have a phone, you know, some houses had phones. So, you know, so the main mode of communication was, you know, if you want to be right, let us. So, I remember in those days, when I meet a believer, I feel like, you know, God wants me to minister to this person on. So, I'll just say, can you give me your address? I'll take down their address. Then I would make it a point every week to write a few letters to people. And so, I would take a postcard and I'd say, Father, I want to write a note for this person, this brother. God, give me a word for that person. And I'll just listen, you know, and God will inspire a verse of scripture or a thought, you know. So, basically, it's like me giving a word for that person. I'm not going to tell them, that says to Lord anything, but I just pray. What about, feel the Holy Spirit prompts, I'll write it down on that postcard or on that piece of paper and I'll send it to them. So, I started doing that, you know. And when people would, you know, sometimes people write back or sometimes when I meet them later, they would say, hey, that really blessed me, that ministered to me. So, we'll just keep doing that. Then I was also studying the board of God.  And in those days, we didn't have photocopying machines, but we had, you know, these were called cyclostyle machines. They were manual machines by which you make copies. So, I would hand write a message. Then I would take it to a typist. Somebody here knew how to type. They use typewriters. We didn't have computers in those days. So, it's like going back a long time. We're talking about the early 80s, mid 80s. And so, the typist would type what I had hand written onto this kind of, they called it stencil. They would type it onto the stencil and they would make hand copies. So, I would say I need, you know, 50 copies of this. I need 100 copies of this. So, it usually would be one page. But to do that one page, probably take a day or, you know, take several hours to do one page. And then they would make copies. So, to do those copies would take like a day, so on. So, I'd get my, you know, 50 copies or 100 copies of that letter. Then I would fold it, put it in envelope, stick stamps and send it out. So, I had my own little mailing list. And this was just to bless people. And then when I went to college, engineering college, I continued doing this.  We may make 100 copies and give it out to the students. Just as a way to bless them. So, you know, I just said, God, you know, I was not like trained in writing or anything, but I just started doing this. I felt I should do this. And I said, God, you know, you've given me this grace to do it, this gift to do it. I'll just be faithful. And then when I was in the U.S. studying during those years, of course, by those days, by that time, we had computers and we had word processors and printers and all that. And we had kinkos where I could go and get things xeroxed. So, technology had come in. So, I would write, this time I would write maybe six pages of a teaching, you know, and then get them printed xeroxed and I would send it out to people in the U.S. And I would also send it to India. And I had made arrangements with somebody in India who would make copies and send it out to people in India. By the time the number of people on our mailing list grew, you know. So, this was, I felt like, okay, God, this is a way that I can minister to people. You know, and I meet people today who remember and they still have copies of those letters that I wrote back in the 90s. And they say, you know, I still have copies with me. This message came to me at a time I really needed it. You know, so this was back in the 90s. And it was, you know, just something I thought I could minister to people. And then when we got back to India in 2000, I started writing books. That means I took all of this thing and started putting them in books. But I said, you know, I'm going to make the books free. We are going to make the books free. We're not going to charge. We're not going to write books to make money. We're going to write books to bless the body of Christ. So, we started printing books and we started, you know, just sending out books. And then we started getting them translated. And then printing it and distributing it across India. And then, you know, then with the website and the internet, we started putting these PDF books online. And literally today, you know, we have, you know, maybe hundreds of thousands of downloads of books today. And they're translated into so many languages. And they're all free. We have, I think people from over 100 countries, I don't know, maybe like 135 countries, 145 countries, who come to our website and use these resources. And the books are, you know, going out both in digital, as well as in print format print, we distribute in India. Literally hundreds and hundreds of thousands of copies of different books have gone out. You know, but how did it all start? It started by writing simple postcards to encourage friends. And today, it's like more than 100 countries. And it is just, just blessing so many, many people. So what I want to share with you with us is, you know, whatever gift and grace God has put in your life, whatever it is, maybe a simple thing. You know, nobody, I was not trained in writing. I didn't go to, you know, I was just started with what I had started a very small way. But just faithful in that. And today, you know, God is just using it to bless so many people. There are pastors who write to us and say, you know, we're using your books in teaching our people. There are, you know, different contexts of prayer groups, churches that are using it to train people, just so many things happening through the books that, you know, is just unimaginable. But it started in a very small way. So whatever gift God's given you, whatever grace God's given you, start using it. Even if it's a small way, start be faithful in it. Don't worry about becoming rich and famous and glamorous and all that. Don't worry about it. Be faithful. And the principle of the kingdom is this. If you're faithful in what's little, he will set you over much. So that's the law of progression in God's kingdom. Start small. Be faithful in small things.  So the Bible says increase comes from God. And the increase we want is the increase that comes from God, not the increase that is man made, because man made increase will disappear. But the increase that God gives that will last through time. Right. So just use what God has given you, however small, whatever the gift, use it and God will bless it to bless many people. Okay. All right. So hope that encourages each of us. And let's be faithful in using what God's given to us. Okay. So we're going to take a little break now and we'll be back in 10 minutes. We'll pick up the next lesson, which is talking about ministers and being ambassadors. We will pick up that lesson right after the break. Okay. So we'll see you all in 10 minutes. Thank you. God bless.


You're going to get 3 times positive 4 and then lastly you're gonna get a negative 2 Like so and so notice some cancellation that happens here In the case you have a 3 times 4 which is a 12 that's gonna cancel with the 3 times 4 which is 12 as well So that cancels out but on the other ones when you distribute this negative sign actually makes them positive So things are gonna double up so 3 times 4 Sorry 3 times 8 is 24, so you're gonna get 2 times 24 for the first one there and then 2 2 plus 2 So 2 times 2 which is a 4 so you end up with 48 and 4 which adds up to be 52 Thus leading us to choose option D and So it's just meant to be a fairly straightforward calculation in that regard But as a sort of a comparison, I did also want to mention that if you came back to this step right here Since we were integrating across 2 and negative 2 you could use symmetry to help you out here You could break this thing up into the even part Which would be 9x squared plus 1 dx And then you could do the odd part negative 2 to 2 of the 6x dx When you integrate an odd function across in Symmetric interval just cancels out and then so that so the integrating the 6x just cancel that like we saw up here Right, but then also when you integrate across the even part You could have just turned 2 times the integral from 0 to 2 of 9x squared plus 1 dx And so then if you had done finish that calculation everything else would be basically the same Using symmetry here makes it a little bit cleaner I showed you all the details nonetheless and that's going to give us the solution to question number one


Okay, so let's get started. Do you have the lights down a little or do you? Beats the heck out of me. I don't know. Does it look like I should? Okay, alright. Well anyway, my name is Debbie Orr and I'm the librarian for the nursing programs. I'm actually the librarian for all of the College of Health Sciences and Professions, as well as the librarian for the Heritage College of Pathic Medicine. So I have office hours up here, 20 hours a week, and then I'm down on the west green for 20 hours a week. I have an open door policy, so if you have any questions, my office is up on the third floor, my door is open, I'm in there, you're not interrupting me at all, just come on in. You can reach me by email, by phone, by chat, if that's more convenient for you. My email address is ORRD at Ohio, I know you can't see it because it's red ink, but I couldn't find a black marker for you. So let's get started today and what I'm going to talk to you about is a little bit about the website, some of the stuff that you will probably need, as well as we'll talk a little about searching through SINOL, okay? I know that you're going to get a lot of information through other classes, like through English and other classes of the library. What I'm going to talk to you today about is just information that I think will help you with this nursing class, okay? Are you all freshmen?  I don't know. Familiar with the library at all? Are you comfortable with it? Yes, no? Okay. What I'll do is I'll just kind of ask you yes or no questions, just not, or yes you know, no you don't know, and that kind of gauges what I need to cover. All right? Okay, so here's the front page. All right? You've got your Alice catalog, databases, course reserves, and subject and course guides. We'll go through those a little later, but right now what I want to show you is under your need help section, you can go to need help in citing your sources, okay? This is where you're going to find information on your APA style formats, all right? Everything that you're going to write in health sciences, especially nursing, you will use the APA format, okay? So here you can either click up here or down here you're going to get the same information. And then here's your APA style guides, okay? We have one, excuse me, we have one for APA style guides for electronic references to connect, and then you all have to put in your Ohio ID and password, and now this is going to give you everything for your electronic references. And what's nice about this feature is that the table contents are all linked to the rules. So you could go down here and you could look at your journal article with DOI, okay? Are you familiar with what a DOI is? Are you familiar with anything like that? Okay, a DOI is a digital object identifier, and it is a unique number to that specific journal article, okay? Not everything has a DOI, but it seems like it's becoming more prevalent, okay? So this is what your DOI is going to look like. It's got an HCTP, and it's a DOI.org, and then it's a string of numbers. So if you find that on an article that, you will need to know how to cite that with your DOI. If you don't have a DOI not available, then you use this sentence retrieved from and then the URL for that particular journal article. This comes easier as you work in things. So don't worry about being overwhelmed with rules. Let's see. The other APA style guide that we like is the Purdue University Owl. Owl is short for Online Writing Lab. Clever. This will follow your sixth edition book. I think you have to purchase the book. I'm not sure, but I think that that's one of the books that you have to purchase. This is also the sixth edition, and it is all online.  Everything is right here. It's clickable. What's nice also about this is that it tells you how to do your title page with your running head. Your title page, and here's an example of it, and it should say running head and then your title at the top. And then after that, from your abstract paper on, your running head always stays at the top. If you want to see a sample paper, you've got a sample APA paper attached, so you could look at that if you want to see how everything is supposed to look when you get there all laid out. Questions about finding your APA information? Back. The main page. All right. Your subject and course guides. These are basically one-stop shopping for subjects. I've made subject guides for nursing, for the RN to BSN online program, and I also have one for evidence-based medicine. You could either type in nursing for your subject, or you could browse by subject, nursing. And then here's basically everything you need to know. You can start from here if you want to start searching. You could go to databases if you wanted to start searching in other databases. Or on our home page, I have finding nursing articles in Sinal. You could start your Sinal search right here and click, and it would take you to the Sinal page. Alice Catalog, if you wanted to find a book, you could start searching in the Alice Catalog from this page as well. Ohio Link. We'll talk a little bit about Ohio Link a little later on. Are you familiar with Ohio Link at all? Heard about it? Know what it is? Okay. Like I said, we'll get to that in a bit. But you could also search Ohio Link here. If you went to your library's page and your subject and course guides, you could type in nursing and hit search. Now, this would be your nursing, but there's a little bit of a hiccup right now with the new software, and it doesn't take you to the home page. They're aware of it and they're working on the problem, so you would just have to click on your home to get back where you are. Questions about the subject guide? Excuse me. Okay. Let's go to the databases. Right? You can find your database by title or you can browse by subject. Down here is our nursing databases, and you can see that we have 10 databases that have information in it that nursing might possibly want to use. Access Medicine is really not a database. It's electronic medical books, medical textbooks. Might be a little bit too upper level for you at this point, but feel free to look through it and see if there's something that you might want information on. Synol Plus with full text is where we're going to use today. Clinical Key is a medical database, and it has a lot of information. It also has some electronic textbooks in it as well, so you might want to look at that sometime. Cochrane Library, you won't need for this class. This is evidence-based medicine, but you will in maybe your second or third years. Food Science Source is a good database if you're taking nutrition classes. That's a good source for nutrition. PubMed is the largest medical database in the world. It's put together by the National Library of Medicine. It also is the same as Medline. If you've ever heard the term Medline, you can get both the information out of PubMed and Medline. Tripp Database is evidence-based medicine, too. It's a little bit different because it comes out of the United Kingdom, so it has more European studies in it. I'm just going to click here on Synol Plus with full text. This is the search page for a lot of different databases that we have. This might become familiar to you throughout your college career. Once you get the hang of searching in one, you'll be able to search in other ones just the same. I'm going to use the words nursing and theorists. I put in NURS with an asterisk. That is called a truncation. The asterisk is called a truncation. What that's going to do is it's going to find all the words with NURS as the root. That's going to search nurses, nursing, nurse, those kind of terms. If you only wanted to do nurse, you could just put in nurse and theorists and that would be fine. But if there's something that you want to see and you think that maybe it might be a plural instead of a singular, you could use a truncation and it will search all those words for you. I'm using the word, the Boolean term and. Are you familiar with Boolean searching and how that works? Yes, no, no, okay. Boolean searching uses and or and not. If you're using nursing, I'm just going to say nurse and theorists, then in your results you're going to get everything with nurse and theorists together, okay? If you change this to nurse or theorists, not only are you going to get your nurse and theorists information together, it's supposed to be two circles. You're also going to get nurse and theorists, so you're going to have a huge amount in your results, okay? So you might not want to use that. But you can play around and try to figure out and kind of get the idea of the concept. Okay, so we're going to do nurse and theorists, but since we have this truncation, we're going to kick out a word because the root of nurse is also nursery. For what we want, we might not want to get the word nursery. So we could kick that out and then that won't give you any articles that have nursery in it. Kind of get that idea. Okay, so then we've got nurse, theorists, not nursery. And let's hit search, see what we're going to come up with. Okay, our search results. We have 489 articles with those terms. You can see the phrase that we used over here, nurse and theorists, not nursery. Now, 489 might be a little too much for a paper or whatever you need to write about. So we can start limiting. Over on the left-hand side, we've got limits. Full text, evidence-based practice, and scholarly, peer-reviewed academic research journals. I would say at this point, don't limit it to full text because it's going to bring up your full text with just your PDFs that are attached. It won't bring up other options that we might have that is not listed in CINAHL. Evidence-based practice, you could use that, I suppose, but mostly I think that they're going to want you to write from a peer-reviewed journal. So kick everything else out and then you don't have to worry about is it peer-reviewed or not. Okay, what did that give us? 417. We can change the publication date. The oldest one is 1986. Usually they want you maybe to go back five years or not. It depends on how much historical data is being asked of you. Okay, so all you need to do is just pull this bar up to wherever and it'll update it again. Okay, now we've dropped down from 417 to 83. Now that's more of a doable list of results that you could peruse. If you were doing some kind of a study and you just wanted to see the age, you could pick an age range. Okay, by looking in here, if you look at the numbers in the parenthesis, that indicates that there are that many articles in those age ranges with our results. Okay, if you were doing a study that you only wanted to know males or females, you could pick that. So you can hone in on the search or on your results on what you're looking at for your papers. Okay, you can click on the title and this will give you your abstract. This will also give you your DOI information. If there's a DOI, okay. You can also get that information by going, how did you get to that? Amy, yesterday? To the refined results. To the refined results, no. Detailed record. Or detailed record, yeah. Yeah, detailed record. And that'll take you to the same place. And that's, again, where you can find the DOI. She helped me with something yesterday that I was unaware of. So everybody learns from everybody in these classes. Okay, this one has a PDF, full text. So all you need to do is open the link and it should come up, comes up in a PDF. And then from here you could go to the detailed record and then it'll take you back to that page with the abstract and the DOI. Number two is written in Portuguese with the bracket around the language. That means that you probably can't read it unless you can read Portuguese. And I don't mean to step on your toes. If you do, I can't. Most of the time when there's a foreign language article, the abstract will be written in English. This one, find it with link source. There's not a PDF attached. But what you need to do is just click on this so it can see if we have that available for you. This one says it's full text in the Ohio Link Electronic Journal Center. Okay, Ohio Link is a consortium of 88 colleges and universities within the state of Ohio. We share resources. We don't have, nobody has the space nor do we have the budgets to buy everything. So it's basically just like a regular library. You can borrow the books. They will send them down here, ship them down here and you pick them up on the fourth floor in circulation. The other nice thing that we have is the Electronic Journal Center or the EJC as some people say. This has over 9,000 journal titles within it and they're all electronic. So whenever it says view this article at Ohio Link Electronic Journal Center, click on it. Okay, and then you need to click on the title and then there's the PDF. Up here at the top, I don't know if you can see that. Up here at the top is the DOI. It highlights the whole thing and I don't know why. Usually the DOI number is going to be on the front page of the article. Very rarely have I seen it anyplace else. Questions so far? There might be a sometime that you might win an article and we don't have it. This one we have it in three spots but let's say this one doesn't have anything in full text up here at the top. But that's an article that you really would like to have. You can request it through what we call Interlibrary Loan or Document Delivery. You probably won't need it for this class but I'm going to tell you anyway just in case you need it. And all this is, it's a free service to you because we know that even though we have a lot of resources we don't have everything for you. So all you need to do is log in with your Ohio ID and password. If you've not used it before, don't ask you for some demographic information like your email address and that kind of stuff. And this is, it's pretty basic. This is what it looks like. It's nothing more exciting than this. If you want a new article you just hit New Request and Article. And here you just fill in the blanks. The red asterisk is the information that is definitely needed. But the more information you have the faster they can get that article for you. It usually takes about two to five days but don't wait until the last minute because they sometimes take longer than that. You submit your request and then in two to five days you'll get an email that says your Interlibrary Loan article is available. You come back here and here it is under your electronically received articles. Okay. It comes as a PDF. What I want to say about this is that this is not permanent storage. So when you get your article, do something with it. Save it, print it, whatever. But get it out of here because after 60 days it's going to automatically delete from your account. It does say that you can request a book but they will kick that out because we belong to Ohio Link. They'll just send it back and say, no, we're not going to do it for you. Okay. Any questions? Any questions with anything that I showed you and sent off? Couple other things. Under your My Accounts is where you can find your library account and Interlibrary Loan. You can also get the blackboard from here. Let's look up a book. Have you tried, have you ever requested a book from Ohio Link? Anybody? Okay. Okay. So we're going to look up a book, Nursing Theory. Let's do, let's just do Nursing Theory at the top. Okay. Okay. Number two. It's not available to us because it's, one is off campus and let's just say that the one on the seventh floor is gone as well. Alright. So, but that's the book that we need to have. So you could click on the title, go to search Ohio Link. Now, this tells you what library in the state of Ohio has a copy of that book. Below that shows you the status that there's some available, some are out. Alright. Right State does not, Right State and NeoMed does not circulate. When it says local use only, they do not circulate their copies. But there are other ones that are available. So you could request that and all you need to do is hit this request button. Your school or institution is in a dropdown, Ohio University, and you submit the above information. At this point, you're going to put in your Ohio ID and your password, which I'm not going to do because I don't want it to go any farther. I don't want this book.  Okay. And that's the fourth floor. Now, you could, if you were someplace else, if you were away on break or something and you wanted that book, you could pick it up at any one of these 88 colleges and universities. All you need is your Ohio ID to pick it up. Let's say you're Columbus State. You could pick it up at Columbus State in downtown Columbus. You could choose the Columbus Library or the Delaware Learning Center. And it would not have to go back to Columbus State. If you were going to be on campus here, you could just drop it off here and we could send it back to the school that it came from. You can borrow these books for three weeks with renewals up to four times, which gives you 12 weeks almost the whole semester. So there's sometimes that you can find your textbooks through OhioLink to borrow. It's first come, first serve and sometimes people jump on that quickly. But that's just an option if you don't want to buy your books or whatnot. Check and see if they're on OhioLink. Okay. And then all you do is hit submit. And then after that happens, you'll get an email from circulation to tell you that it is available to pick up. You can renew your account or your books from your library account. You can also look at this and see where it is in transit. If it's ready to be picked up, it'll be in the status or it'll say it's in transit. You can renew here. All you have to do is click on the renew boxes and you don't even have to bring the book in. You can do that all renewed. Okay. What other questions do you have? Anything? Well, that's what I had to show you today. If you have any questions, like I said, I'm on the third floor. I'm in the Fine Arts Library. I know that makes a lot of sense for the Health Science Library to be in the Fine Arts Library. But just look me up and I'll be more than happy to help. Okay. All right. Well, thanks.


Welcome back to corporate governance and we are talking about whistleblowing, trying to unfold the different aspects, dimensions, perspectives, understanding, interpretations about whistleblowing. Today we are going to be talking about factors affecting whistleblowing and again we are going to see that how the whistleblower sometimes comes out with the incident or with the issue, what are the motivation behind it and again what are the different exigencies which that whistleblower has to face during the course of whistleblowing and post whistleblowing. Now, when we are talking about the factors affecting whistleblowing, the definition of whistleblowing implies that whistleblowing is not protected under the protected disclosure. Whistleblowers come from all the levels of an organization and even from outside although in many countries legislation does not protect the letter. So, whistleblowing can be internal and also external, not the internal or external that we talked about in the last session but it could be someone internally from the organization or it could be someone from outside. For example, when we talk about auditors, so auditors are from outside it could also be a legal advisor because again the legal advisor usually from outside the organization. It could be a consultant, that consultant would be from outside the organization. It could be someone in an advisory role who while giving advice to the organization comes to know of a certain information and then whistleblowers on that particular information. So, whistleblowers usually most of the time are from within the organization, could be any level of the organization or it could also be someone from outside the organization. Now, whistleblowers may blow the whistle on sexual harassment, on fraud, inadequate health and safety measures, harmful practices, breaches of regulatory requirements, money skimming or any other form of corruption. So, all of these forms are the forms and factors affecting whistleblowing because usually especially in the context of sexual harassment in a country like Pakistan things are pushed under the rug, it could be some fraud, it could be related to some health or safety measures which are not being followed by the organization, it could be some harmful practice, breaches of regulatory requirements are very common, money skimming is also very common or any other form of corruption for example, in procurement or we could say in standardization. So, all of these are whistleblowing. Now, the factor which is affecting it is the credibility of the whistleblower. So, if people are trusted such an action may be taken seriously. So, it is very important that the credibility of the whistleblower is over there because if there is no credibility then there could be many problems and consequences of that particular whistleblowing. Then secondly is the motivation of the whistleblower if there are any suspicions about the reasons why someone chooses to blow the whistle chances are that the complaint will not be heard. So, if there is a vested interest then maybe if the whistle is being blown then there might not be the issue of credentials and what we would see is that that person would not be taken seriously and therefore, it is very important to understand where the whistleblower is coming from. So, fundamentally the credibility and secondly the motivation are extremely important factors to a judge that is the whistleblower actually concerned about the organization, society at large or individuals which are being adversely affected or is it something which is self driven and basically is being done to enhance their own standing within the organization or maybe to take revenge or something like that. So, again the credibility and motivation factor are extremely important the position of the whistleblower. So, that is also very important and that is the power and status often influence the capacity of the individual to influence management. So, again if that position is important then we see that the whistleblower will be taken more seriously. So, the power and status also are the factors which are affecting whistleblowing and they are taken into consideration when it is being done internally or externally. So, this is very very important the perceived validity of the evidence it is rather than the perceptions or the motivation of the whistleblower should be the most important reason for taking the disclosure of wrongdoing seriously. So, what we see is that the perceived validity of the evidence is also very important that whatever evidence is being given I mean do people prima facie apparently do they perceive it to be something which can be insinuating or could have some legal implications or corruption or integrity implications against the organization or the person against whom the whistle has been blown. So, this perceived validity of the evidence is extremely important which tends to affect the whistleblowing. But, if those documents or that evidence is being discredited then again the whistleblower is discredited and the issue also tends to evaporate or tends to liquidate within that perceived validity of the evidence. So, this is extremely important. Another factor is the membership of minority groups within an organization females or members of under representative ethnic groups may find it hard harder to be heard. So, again we have seen that females and organizations do not have a voice or members of an underrepresented ethnic group again sometimes they are so fearful of repercussions that they do not have a voice and they cannot whistle blow for perceived reasons of having complexities and complications of having even in flower decomplexes. So, all of these things do tend to affect whistleblowing. So, what we see is that there are different factors which are affecting whistleblowing and based upon these factors then we see that the credentials and the validity or the endorsement of whistleblowing would be accepted or not accepted. So, that is very important that these factors are taken into account and we ensure that a real incident is not undermined due to lack of evidence or due to the lack of credibility of the whistleblower. Thank you so much.


Hey Psych2Goers, welcome back to our channel. Have you ever wondered if someone was into you, but we're trying to hide their feelings for you? I mean, maybe you've had a crush on someone and didn't want them to know. How do you know if someone is doing the same to you? Does someone have a crush on you? Well, here are seven signs someone is into you, but try not to show it. Number one, they'll do things you like to be around you more. When we like someone, we generally want to be around them more. According to dating psychologist Madeleine Mason Roentree, the rewards of this system in our brains can increase our motivation to spend more time with whoever we like. If we enjoy being around them, why wouldn't we want to hang out with them more? She explains that you may just start to crave their presence. They may even start to take up hobbies or enroll in activities that you're a part of to be closer to you, even if they weren't initially into the hobby or activity itself before. Roentree explains, it also gives you something else you can talk to them about, and perhaps it's a way to entice them to get closer to you. Time to enter the chess club. You can't help it. Not only does your crush like chess, but you've been watching too much of the Queen's Gambit on Netflix. Number two, their pupils dilate. Trying to decide if someone likes you? There's a lot that comes into play, but try looking into their eyes to see if their pupils dilate. According to body language expert Patty Wood, author of Success Signals, a guide to reading body language, dilation is a brain response that occurs when you like and are attracted to something. So next time you're hanging out with someone and you see their pupils dilate, ask yourself this. Is the lighting dim, or are they just really happy to see me? Number three, they somehow know things about you that you've never told them. So you've noticed your lab partner knows that you really like chess, but you've never told them. Okay, well, are you friends on social media? Okay, that makes sense.  Actually months and months ago. Well, they've likely scrolled back to all your old posts. Why, you may ask?  Or they just really want to be your friend. But if you hear from your friends that they often ask about you, that's a key sign they may secretly like you as well. Number four, you catch them staring at you. Happen to catch a particular someone always staring your way during class or at work? This is a classic sign that they may be attracted to you. Did you often get caught staring at your crush? It's common to want to turn your gaze towards who you find attractive. So if you catch someone doing this often, looking at you, then they may just find you attractive. If they turn away, they're likely trying not to show it. Number six, they try to find out your relationship status. You notice your crush casually asking about your significant other. But you don't have one, or maybe you do. If someone does this, try to see how they react. It may be subtle if they're trying to hide their feelings for you. But if they look disappointed when you say you are in a relationship, they may just like you. And if you're single and they can't help but hide a grin, this is a big sign they may be attracted to you. Number seven, they seem nervous around you. So you've noticed a few of the signs in someone you know. But then you also notice they always seem nervous around you too. Sometimes when we like someone, we can become a bit nervous. Stammering, breaking out in sweats, and clammy hands may just be signs they like you so much that you make them nervous.  Research has found that sexual arousal shuts off parts of the prefrontal cortex of the brain. This region of the brain is responsible for critical thinking, rational behavior, and self-awareness. Next time you're around them, pay attention. Do they always break out in a sweat? They can't speak as eloquently as they usually do. Perhaps they secretly have a crush on you. And if they have most of the signs, they're most likely very into you. So do you notice someone displaying these signs towards you? Who do you think likes you? Your lab partner? Your friend? Let us know in the comments below. If you enjoyed this video, don't forget to click the like button and share it with a friend. Subscribe to Psych2Go and hit the notification bell icon for more content like this. And as always, thanks so much for watching. See you next time.


Now, the national chairman of the People's Democratic Party, U.J. Serkandis, has demanded one billionaire in damages and an apology from a member of the party, Kaseem Afebua, of a statement which he said impugned on his integrity. Afebua was a chameleon's aide when he was the governor of the state. Serkandis asks Afebua to pay the damages and retract the statement, apologize within 48 hours, or be ready to face lawsuit. Serkandis' demands were contained in a letter by his lawyer Emeka Itiyaba-san, dated on April 29, 2021, and addressed to him. The letter was titled, a Re-Case of Deformation of Character of Prince Uche II's National Chairman People's Democratic Party. Afebua had drugged Serkandis to the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission and the Independent Corrupt Practices and Order-related Offences Commission over alleged 10 billion naira forward. Hello, hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.