In this lecture we will continue with magnetic neutron diffraction, how we carry on magnetic neutron diffraction, the process flow I will explain to you, but any diffraction whether it is crystallography or magnetic needs pre knowledge of little bit of crystal symmetry and the space lattices, I will introduce you briefly to that because otherwise this is a full-fledged subject in itself, but I will introduce you to the extent that you can use it for neutron diffraction and then I will introduce you to some results that you obtained using neutron diffraction. With this I start today's lecture. So as I told you earlier the riddle refinement, the technique that I can use for finding out the crystallographic structure it is an optimization tool, very important to understand that, that means we are starting with a structure and both crystallographic as well as magnetic and then I keep refining it till we get a good fit between the experiment and the theory. So good fit also depends on the error values that we have on the experimental points and that means we have to collect data for sufficiently long time to support one model or other. So running through the parameter space the starting point that means the starting structure should be good. This good is a very loaded word because when I say good that means when I start from a point I should be able to first it should be physically reasonable that means for example a very bad example possibly I know that iron it can form BCC lattice. Now that means my starting guess should not start with iron in an hexagonal closed packing because then I am too far away from the physical reality that many iron has got a BCC lattice. So I will start with an assumption with a BCC lattice and possibly and I will show you some examples that and then I try to figure out the moment. So one needs to start with a crystallographic structure plus a magnetic structure when I am looking at magnetic neutron diffraction and microscopic magnetic structures like ferromagnets, antiferromagnets, perimagnets. To start with I need a propagation vector in the last lecture I explain to you with an example maybe I will repeat it I showed you that if I have a planar moment and if the planes are translated along the z axis calling this as A this is as B I define the magnetism in some unit as 0 1 0 and the translation is along 0 0 1 direction. So here what I discussed earlier that I said that once I translate it by one lattice plane it is an antiferromagnetic order and then the next it comes back to ferromagnetic order. This is a simple example but in this case it was very simple to show you that magnetism which I called m 0 1 0 it goes to 0 minus 1 0 if I use a propagation vector which was 0 0 half this is a magnetic propagation vector and how I did it I did e to the power minus it was m I can call it 0 1 0 e to the power twice pi i and k dot t t was the translation vector and k was the propagation vector and propagation the translation vector was 0 0 1 for everyone and then k dot t I can show you that sorry k is a yes so 0 0 half so when I translate it by 0 0 1 it became m 0 1 0 e to the power i twice pi i and it was it was 0 0 1 0 0 half so it was half others was 0 and then m 0 1 0 into e to the power i pi which was m 0 1 0 cos pi plus i sin pi this is 0 this is minus 1 it became minus m 0 1 0 so that is how I could choose a propagation vector because here the antiferromagnetism means the repeatability is 2 t so it is very easy to choose a propagation vector as 0 0 half because I know that every time I go one lattice plane here to here 1 d spacing my magnetic moment reverts so but in reality actually it is a simple picture there can be more difficult or more complicated magnetic propagation vector sometimes it may even require thousands of lattice planes and also there are cases where the structure is commensurate with a crystallographic structure that means I start with one crystallographic lattice plane with a certain magnetic moment in a certain direction after an integral number of lattice planes I come back to the same moment which will match with another lattice plane maybe several or thousands of lattice planes away in case of incommensurate structure which is a more complicated problem this structure the magnetic structure is not commensurate with the crystallographic lattice structure and there will be some gap so I will discuss those things in the time cups so it's an optimization tool and so one needs to start with the crystallographic structure and the magnetic structure that means a magnetic structure a propagation vector side moments etc now how the process flows first a neutron powder diffraction is above the ordering temperature will give me the crystallographic structure in the paramagnetic phase under the assumption this has an assumption that no phase transition phase transition structural phase transition I should mention specifically sorry no structural channel phase transition phase transition occurs between paramagnetic phase and ordered phase ferromagnetic and so antiferromagnetic ferrimagnetic so if that remains true then I can take the data in the paramagnetic phase by going above the ordering temperature or T greater than Tc or T nil temperature and get all structural parameters using full proof this is equivalent to carrying out an extra diffraction on a extra diffraction on a crystallographic powder sample only here the difference is that the scattering amplitudes are different otherwise you should get the same pattern and both of them in this case the nuclear powder diffraction pattern can be solved using the suite of programs called full proof in this regard I must again tell you that in case you are interested in a full-fledged tutorial on full proof to solve magnetic structures please look for the lectures by Professor Anil Jain in our course on the course was on neutrons as probe of condensed matter condensed matter taken between 2020 and 21 21 and I point out to the the lectures taken by Anil Jain and Professor Esam Yusuf where a full-fledged tutorial was done how to fit a magnetic structure using full proof so with this mention so after collecting the data above the powder the magnetic transition now we cool the sample and collect again neutron powder data below the ordering temperature that means when the sample is magnetically ordered so when it is magnetically ordered if the magnetic order is commensurate with the commensurate with the structure crystallographic structure like ferromagnetic ferromagnetic then we will have additional intensity at the ferromagnetic peaks so if there is a ferromagnetic peak above order temperature I will show you there will be added intensities because of the magnetic order if it is anti-ferromagnetic then a new peaks will appear in this intensity versus q the most general representation in that case in intensity versus q not only you will have the crystallographic break peak but below ordering temperature you will also have magnetic break peak so this is when your order is anti-ferromagnetic that because this happens because for anti-ferromagnetic order you can see in the simplest picture the unit cell has doubled when the unit cell has doubled 2d sin theta equal to lambda sin theta has to go to lower value if it is in the low angle where I can say theta equal to sin theta then it will be theta by 2 which is not the case always but in the lowest possible assumption in the 0th order assumption you will also get peaks at half the intensity so after this thing when you start the program of course the first thing is that determine the propagation vectors for the magnetic structure petrial and error or okay and once the propagation vector has been determined use the program basi erupts in order to get the basis vector of the irreducible representation lot of jumbo mambo let me tell you basically the symmetry operations of a crystal they form a group group means any combination of any two symmetry operation combination of any two symmetry operations combination of any two symmetry operations is symmetry operation they carry after b gives rise to another symmetry operation c which is also in the group so that's why they form a group and there's an unit main operator which does not make any change in the system so now this is what so the irreducible representation because I can always represent the symmetry operations by a matrix for example a rotation we know can be denoted by Euler matrix Euler n matrix a rotation around an axis by theta so now if I consider a 90 degree rotation this I can write this and you can see that this this will be a matrix representation of a symmetry operation which will I'm sorry no I'm very sorry so it will be a symmetry operation which is represented as a matrix so the irreducible representation is one which can be broken down into further representations the matrix representation which can be broken down into further or you may say that is the smallest size representation this flow I have taken it from a tutorial on magnetic structure determination and refinement using neutron powder diffraction and full prof by jr carvayan and this is the site if some of you are interested you can also take help from this tutorial so how this is how the process flows but now it is important that before I go further even if briefly I introduce you to to the symmetry operations so here I have taken the example from our well done book kittel solid state introduction to solid state physics by kittel this just shows that this has got just one full symmetry one so it leaves apart invariant but come imagine now in this same diagram I have got an object here and I have got a mirror plane when I have a mirror plane perpendicular to this then this object is reflected onto this side and then I call this symmetry operation as one m now I can also invoke a rotational symmetry a point group operation basically means that the operation leaves the points invariant in space so here if I have let us say two oxygen molecules by atoms at these two points instead of this circle in some structure then they have got one in symmetry similarly I show you a rotational symmetry this is actually like this rotational symmetry and this is a two-fold rotation because if I rotate this if I take this point around this axis axis passing through the center of this circle 180 degree the point goes here from here it goes here and now if these start with if these are the two atoms sitting here then this system or this structure remains unchanged through a rotation of pi and this is pi means 360 by 180 degree it's a two-fold rotation next I have taken example another example here there is a two-fold rotational symmetry you can see plus I have used two mirrors one mirrors two mirrors normal to the plane now interestingly you can see if I use one mirror after rotation we have got these four points and this automatically gives rise to the second mirror so this justifies by argument that the symmetry operations in a group two operations invoke brings in a third operation so here two m invokes another mirror plane and mirror plane is represented by m rotations are invoked by one two three four and six because this we have learned that the possible rotations of one two three four five is not possible six because we can fill space with these rotational symmetries a rectangle a triangle a square a hexagon can fill space but a pentagon can't and that's why we say that the possible rotations are one two three four and six five fold symmetry in solids is not possible this book the cover page also shows why pentagon can't fill space but today we know even as an information for you that yes even if if we consider pentagons we can fill space not with rotational symmetry but still we can fill space because that is the that is the target that using a crystallographic unit cell but repeating the unit cell we should be able to fill up space that's why you can create a crystal which is which I can see with millions of unit cells so today this is also accepted that five fold symmetry is possible the group of crystals are known as quasi crystals but in this lecture I will retain I will retain the old rules that one two three four and six fold symmetries are allowed and then what are the 32 point groups of symmetry point groups in crystallography these are combinations of symmetry operations given the symmetry of a unit cell in a crystal let me just do it for a cuboid so let me take a cuboid now let me take a cuboid cuboid in this cuboid please know that this is a two fold axis that means I can rotate it by 180 degree around this I'm sorry I should draw passing through the intersection of the diagonals of the diagonals the diagonals which is clear there's a two fold axis around this because 180 degree rotation will leave the parallel pipe and unchain I have one more axis at the intersection of these two diagonals in this phase and one more here so there are three two fold axis but interestingly normal to these axes I also have mirror planes this will be one mirror play over there I have drawn it here you see this is one mirror plane normal to the axis on this phase this one is one mirror plane which is normal to the vertical axis and this is one more mirror plane normal to this axis so there are three mirror planes so that means I have got three two fold axes and three mirror planes and the mirror planes are normal so this is the international convention and if you are planning to do structural analysis using grid field fitting you should know that so for this it is 2 by m 2 by m 2 by m so and also you can see that combination of any two of the symmetry operations here will give back to get back us to one more symmetry operation so 2 by m 2 by m 2 by m is the international convention to present there are several conventions one of them is this


This study examined the relationship between recreation in blue spaces, water-based areas, and mental health and subjective well-being. It found that the presence of certain environmental features, such as water, and the quality of these features can influence how people feel after visiting them. Additionally, the type of activity undertaken during the visit was important, as it could either enhance or diminish the positive feelings associated with the experience. This suggests that recreation in blue spaces can provide benefits to mental health and well-being, but only if the right conditions are present. This article was authored by Joanne K. Garrett, Matthew P. White, Louis R. Eliot, and others.


Welcome back to the Breakfast and Plus TV Africa. Our next conversation, of course, is going to insecurity. The leader of Boko Haram, Abu Bakar Shekau, has been reportedly killed or seriously injured for the obtained time. The difference rather at this time is that the news isn't coming from the Nigerian military. Sources say he was killed during a battle between Boko Haram and its splinter group, Icewap. But there is, of course, a twist to the story. He was reported to have committed suicide before Icewap could get to him. Now, of course, there's been numerous reactions to this, mostly from Nigerians. And we're going to be getting into a conversation with the former United States Marine, Captain Bish Johnson on the form this morning. Good morning. Thanks for joining us, Captain Johnson. Good morning. Good morning, and thank you for having me. You're welcome. Let's get into this. For some people, it's exciting news. And for some others, it is scary because what does this mean for Icewap? And, of course, does that mean that we now have a new terror group to be focused on? So from your experience, what would you interpret this as if Shekau truly has passed? Well, if in fact that Shekau is dead, I think there's some good news for Nigerian people. Because so far, Shekau seems to have been the most ruthless of every leader that Boko Haram had ever produced. Now, however, we must approach this information with caution. Because as you are aware, this is not the first time it's been said that Shekau had been killed, only for him to resurface in some kind of audio or video to say that, look, he is still alive. Now, you made a point in your introduction that the difference this time around is because he didn't come from Nigeria military. Sure. But if you equally read the information that he's been made available to the public, there's been a lot of inconsistencies. Some said he's dead. Some said he was fatally wounded. Some say that he committed suicide. So the information is neither here or there. But what is important is that, look, there seem to be some kind of disagreement between the two factions. And by the special grace of God, the two factions may eventually burn themselves out, reducing whatever effort that the Nigerian military will have to make to end this terror in the land. So it's good news that they are fighting among themselves. But we have to take the news of the death of Shekau with caution. Unless there is an undeniable, irrefutable evidence such as the use of DNA and the recovery of his body to confirm that he's actually dead. Well, I don't know how likely that would be, of course, since the military has not been able to, you know, reach him all this while. So let's talk about the two factions now. What is it likely that might be causing a rift between these two factions from your experience and years in the battlefield? What is the likely reason between these infractions, or rather causing these infractions at the same time? Don't they have the same ideology or the same goal? Well, they do have the same goal of trying to cover a territory for themselves within that North East Chad Niger area. But the difference is that their modus operandi is different. The Boko Haram people seem to be more ruthless in targeting everybody, including their fellow Muslims. While Aizwa is not interested in killing their fellow Muslims, their targets are Nigerian institutions and, you know, Christians. So that seems to be where they disagree. And that is one of the reasons why you see the infighting between them. Another thing is they are fighting for supremacy and recognition, who will be more recognized and who will be more noticed by the public. So that is what they are fighting about. They are fighting for supremacy and they also have differences in their modus operandi. Captain John Bish, I need to ask you about this report, the death of Abakash Akal. From as far back as 2009, the Nigerian army published reports that they had killed him, and then he resurfaced a year later.  Even for this particular report, it's conflicting. One source says he blew himself up with a suicide vest. Another said he shot himself to the chest.  Is it possible or find, first of all, before the possibility of, you know, what I was about to ask you, why is it so that, you know, killing or capturing Abakash Akal has been such a tough job for the Nigerian army? And also, for the news of his reports of death, is it that the army wasn't being straightforward with the Nigerian people? No, it's not the intention of the Nigerian military not to be straightforward with the Nigerian people. The problem we have in Nigeria is we are limited in terms of capacity to verify people's identity, whether alive or dead. Nigerians, ordinarily, they don't have any kind of DNA data bank. And even if they kill Shakao and recover his body, because there is not a DNA data bank to compare a DNA sample that would have been on record with a DNA extracted from the dead body, it's difficult for you to just make a pronouncement that somebody is dead. The Nigerian military has always claimed that, look, this man has been dead long while ago, that the person who has been appearing saying that his Abakash Akal is a lookalike. It's possible that they're doing something like that, since we don't have any technological, irrefutable evidence to say that, look, we have authoritatively killed this person. You saw what happened when Bin Laden was killed. You saw what happened when Abda Gadi was killed. You saw what happened when the leader of the terrorist group in Somalia, you know, I've forgotten his name, the Ashabab leader. Anytime the U.S. kills someone, they don't make it public until they have compared the DNA sample they have on record with a DNA sample from the body of the deceased. And they measure that they retrieve the body of the deceased so that they can extract the DNA and make comparison with what they have on file for that individual. In that instance, we are limited in our capacity here in Nigeria. I'll tell you how Abakadi's DNA sample was obtained. One of his closest aides brought his underwear to the United States military. From there, they extracted his DNA and put it on file. So when he was eventually killed, they had a record on file to make comparison from the one they extracted from his body. And so that was how they could authoritatively say, look, we have killed this person. And when you have that kind of evidence, it's difficult for that organization to come back and refute that kind of information. But that is not the case in Nigeria and that is why we have this kind of confusions everywhere. All right. So Captain Johnson, beyond all the high-tech stuff for the DNA, isn't that the Nigerian Army does not know what Abu Bakar Shakao looks like for us to keep having these reports of his death and resurrection? Well, if you see somebody today, and you don't see him for a while, and for somebody who is in hiding and is constantly under attack and is always changing his location, disguising himself, the memory of the person you're going to have is, as of the last time you saw that individual. Sorry, just a minute. Is it that the Nigerian Army is relying on memory? Don't they have photographs of him? Don't they have people who should be able to take high-level photographs, satellite images to track somebody, facial recognition, things like that? Is the Nigerian Army relying on memory to find Abu Bakar Shakao? That is what I was trying to allude to earlier. When I said that we are limited in capacity, we are limited in capacity in the Nigerian military. And so to that extent, there's not much they can do. And somehow they have not been able to penetrate the group through informants who could have been updating them with updates, as far as how the individual looks or they're aware about and stuff like that. So it's a much difficult job for them. I'm going to ask about that now. Why haven't we been able to achieve that level of infiltration into the Boko Haram sect over 10 years? It should be enough time for us to have been able to develop some level of infiltration into the sect. But besides that, you've mentioned that ISWAP and Boko Haram might have similar ideologies, but maybe just different methods somehow, some way. If it is true that Shakao is dead, does that in any way say that the Boko Haram sect might be diminishing bit by bit? And should that put fear in us that ISWAP and the emergence as a new superpower, super terror power in Nigeria, might become more ruthless seeing their relationship with ISIS? Look, let's not get over our head that Abu Bakar Shakao is dead. One thing I have learned about this terrorist organization is that they have grown beyond individuals. Although Abu Bakar Shakao was a very strong man of Boko Haram, he's dead. No question. We deal a blow to Boko Haram. But it will only be a matter of time before they will appoint a new leader. That leader may end up being more ruthless than the Abu Bakar Shakao himself, and they will regroup and reorganize themselves, and they will continue their terror of death and destruction. So let's not just get over our head. We have to watch and see how much the impact of death of Abu Bakar Shakao will cause to Boko Haram. As far as ISWAP is concerned, ISWAP has the same ideology as Boko Haram, and it's reflected in their name, Islamic State of West African province. They want to create a state for themselves, and they will continue to fight to achieve that objective. So the audience is announced as a nation, as a state, to act that objective and prevent them from achieving it. So how do you think this news might impact the insecurity levels in the country? I don't think you have any impact on the insecurity in the country. Because the insecurity in the country has been broadened far beyond Boko Haram and ISWAP in North East Nigeria. It used to be that the insecurity we had in this country was localized in that region. But as you know, and as I know, there is insecurity everywhere in the country right now. You have bandits, you have arsonists, you have armed robbers, you have kidnappers, you have abductors. There's all kinds of insecurity all over the country. You have the Janja Wid militia killer, Hezmen, who are equally ravaging the entire country. So the death of Abu Bakr Shekau is by no means going to have any impact in the reduction of insecurity that we have in this country right now. All right. Well, sadly, we of course would have to wait until there's some level of confirmation of his death, since nobody has any insiders in Boko Haram or ISWAP, and we've also not been able to infiltrate. So we'll wait and see how this turns out. Thank you very much, Captain Bish Johnson, for your time and for speaking with us this morning. Thank you very much for having me. All right. Thanks again.  Do stay with us.


I will be lying in a shaitanir regime. Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim. Let's have another question where we are going to revalue the assets after certain time. See the question. Has an associate purchased an asset for two million on January 1st, 2010? The asset has a useful life of five years and being depreciated using straight-line method. So try to understand here, the life is five years and there is no residual value. So straight away when you want to work out the depreciation, you divide two million by five. So per year depreciation comes to four hundred thousand. Now on January 2nd, 2012, you mean ten whole year, ten year depreciation and eleven years depreciation. So two years depreciation comes to four hundred thousand by two eight hundred thousand and now they are revaluing these assets. The valued amount is two point one million. Now look here. Our carrying value or carrying amount of assets in the balance sheet is one point two million. Two million minus eight hundred thousand accumulated depreciation. But now if you revalue it, it comes to two point one million. And now the question is what will be the remaining life? Obviously initially it was five years. Two years have already passed. So there remain only three years. So what happened? First of all, let's see how much is the revaluation reserve. And out of that reserve, we need now next two three years of depreciation. It's on two point one million. So that comes to seven hundred thousand. Instead of four hundred thousand, it will be seven hundred thousand. And the calculation is on the other slide. You will see just now, inshallah.


Ready to start understanding how to hit the rotational shot put in transition to big throws? We're going to talk about in this video, so check it out. Hey everybody, it's Eric Johnson from Maritime Throws Nation. Today's video, we are going to talk about rotational shot put 101. We're going to compare first day thrower to a first week thrower to a multi-year, uh, 17 year old and a multi-year 18 year old. And you're going to see kind of the evolution and you're going to see that they're all working on the same thing. So one of the things if you're new to the channel or if you're new to our IGTV is that the way we look at the throw here is what we call as a throwing chain reaction system. We break the throw down into six pillars. The reason being is that the throw happens very quickly. Brand new thrower on day one you're going to notice is going to be right around two seconds and in advanced under 18th thrower is going to be throwing about one and a half seconds and he's throwing around 70 feet and the first thrower is throwing around 25 feet. Now one of the things that we want to do is we're going to be looking at the throw in terms of because it happened so fast was what we call our six pillars. We're going to look at basically the start and we're going to look at what each pillar does, right? Each pillar basically is a location in the ring. We have an objective. What are we trying to do at that point of the throw? And then we have positions to be able to achieve the objective. The first thrower up, we're going to look at young thrower. This was his first day. We're going to look at thrower number one and we'll just quickly refer to these as one, two, three, and four. Kind of just let everything roll. You're going to notice again the speed of the throw. Again, the young thrower is the first day so he doesn't quite know how to reverse, but you're going to notice the movement is pretty good. So this is the benefit of taking the system, how we break down the throw and how we teach it to a young athlete. So now you're going to see it. We go through our pillar one, pillar two, and now we're looking at how we kind of move our pillar three, pillar four, pillar five, and pillar six. So let's look at how that throw looks when we break it down. So one of the first things that we want to do is we have to understand that setting up the throw is really critical. And that's what we refer to as our pillar one position. As we've talked about with like the discus with the rotational shot, we still have to create separation and stretch reflex. And one of the key things is that we're setting up this entry axis, right? And so how we're going to be able to move around that this thrower number two is only had just made the switch and been throwing for roughly about a week with the rotational shot. Now you're going to notice that as we move the athletes to what we refer to as our pillar two, you're going to notice that we're going to be talking about how we move around the axis. This is going to be the key, how we are going to be able to get the body around here. So the position of this hip and this shoulder right as we look. So if I look at thrower number four, we look at his entry side hip under the entry shoulder, we're going to notice these are the key things. And you're going to notice this is one of the things that the new thrower had learned very well. You're going to see that thrower number one on his first day, right? He's got all the key concepts. So what we refer to on the first pillar is setting up the chain reaction. We're going to set up everything so the body reacts to be able to move into these positions a whole lot easier learning how to move the feet, the arms, coordinating the lower body and the upper body. These are the things that are very tricky for the athlete here. You're going to notice that thrower number one in some ways almost has a better entry hip than thrower number three who's throwing multiple years. So this is where as the athletes are going to be getting older, thrower number two is same thing, but it was again his first week throwing with the rotational shot, but hitting a very nice position and looking at where that hip is underneath that shoulder. So these are all some very good things as we do this alignment, the point of this is that alignment is going to help you as a thrower move through. So what we want to do is make sure that you understand as you go from pillar one to pillar two, setting up maximum power is the goal, right? So we want to set that ability to create all that speed and balance and that's what the the object of our pillar two. So pillar three is where we basically talk about how we're going to drop into the throw and apply speed. So we're going to drop in, we're going into the center of the throw towards the direction, the throwing direction, and we're going to be trying to increase as much speed and power as possible. Point here is we're going to be looking at counter balancing. We have the sweep, we have the counter balance arm. This is going to be real important to the rotational path into the center as you apply speed. And you're going to notice this thrower here has a really nice counterbalance system as this thrower number three and number four. And so you're going to notice that our week one and our week two, these are going to be things that they're going to be continuing to develop. So as we create speed into the middle, we kind of work on our pillar four, we're going to do, this is where we call we're transitioning from the sprint leg to the delivery leg. This is where the upper body is going to kind of pause lower body and wrap in this. What we refer to is bring it all together so that you're increasing that rotational speed. You're going to notice where they all land. So number three kind of goes a little too far and he's landing at three o'clock where we want to have that foot landing closer back to one o'clock. Obviously, if you look at number one, we'd be talking up here. Here's your 12 o'clock thrower number two. Again, really nice job hitting his rewrap getting everything here pulling the left foot into the power position. So we're going to set that up. So now we go into here. This is what we refer to as our traditional power position. And we call this locking down power. We want to have both legs loaded up so that we can create that nice rotational speed into our delivery. And we're going to see that delivery side going this way out and around into our throw. You're going to see that nice long balance arm that's going to take the long path of the upper body to allow the thrower to come into the throw. And now you're going to set up that nice big squared up position. So you're going to notice that thrower number four has a real nice line. You're going to see everything's pretty straight through the back and up through the head. You're going to notice that thrower number three is kind of pulling off. And so that's going to be some strength number thrower number one. Again, day one heck of a great job, really great position. And you can see he's pulling off a little bit.  Our next three part series coming up, we're going to go through each thing, go through a little bit more detail. But the key thing is how do you get thrower number one, this good quality of movement in just the first day? You can imagine where this athlete's going to be in multiple years. So the idea was we again, we broke down the throne to six pillars. It's a system that everybody can understand.  And one of the best throwers in high school history is we're working on generally the same things, but as the concepts and the positions become more learned, the details become more critical. But the first things first is when you're approaching, you're throwing the why that we created system, why we're putting out this video is to help you understand that if you don't have a structure to follow and you're not clear on the objectives that you're supposed to be achieving throughout the throw from start to finish, you're going to have a much harder time understanding the throw. You can potentially develop a lot of unnecessary habits that are going to hold you back and limit your progress. Okay guys, so that's it. Stay tuned for the next video. Be sure to like and follow. Be sure to hit that subscribe button, comment below. Remember next video is coming up how to throw the rotational shot put from zero to 70 feet. All right. Thanks so much for watching. We'll see you on the next video.


Music in the closet, a hip-hop closet, Weakness, all swale, the earst-wale. My name's Joanna Dudley and I'm from Australia. So I studied music from a very young age and very rigorously. So I studied early music like baroque music, renaissance music and contemporary music. I was a flute player and then I became more and more involved with dances. I just enjoyed working with them more and started to sing. So I was always singing as a child and so I found that using my voice was the best way to be involved in a more theatrical context. And I've been working with William Cantridge for eight years I think. I actually met him through a composer who's worked with him for 20 years I think called Philip Miller who's one of his closest collaborators and Philip saw me perform in a piece very different where I was actually singing backwards and for a piece William was doing where he was working with Philip it was all to do with time, the Western concept of time and how that's been placed as a structure in sort of in colonial times on other cultures and he thought it was interesting to work with the singer like myself where I like to mess things up I like to sing things backwards or tear language apart put it together again in a different way so that's when we started to collaborate. It was interesting because we just finished doing an opera together and then he gave me a libretto that was maybe that thick and said can you do something with this? And there was a big exhibition of his work that was going to be in Germany in Berlin and I think he didn't want to be the person to have to explain his artwork and he'd prefer rather than to have too many guides to have someone who can explain his artwork in a way that he would prefer which makes a lot of sense what I'm saying but on the face of things when you first hear it it doesn't make sense at all but then after a while it's like ah you actually gain a deeper understanding I think I hope of his artwork so he gave me a libretto and I started improvising with this and then we composed that a little bit more and created a new piece based on his paintings and his films and yeah so it was all about also about his techniques so we I'm talking about his techniques that he'd use in the studio we're looking at diaries that he's written in the studio notes he's written for himself that's all in there so it's actually quite a personal it's personal information that we're using as well as just historical information about his work often we're talking about the history of him making a piece the the technical or the techniques he uses to make that work and then sometimes yeah as I said before sometimes it's the personal stories behind pieces that people might not see immediately like his own personal stories where it's their childhood memories or memories of his parents this all historical references this all comes in so it's the the whole being of an art piece that the history of its making the history of him as a person it's all material that we work with and um yeah then he I often I would go through an exhibition and explain certain pieces in when well I'm here it will be in front of a film so I'll be giving like a lecture of films that he's made and every time I do this I'm always looking about looking at the exhibition that's on right now where it is the museum where it's being held and all of this information I use in the piece as well so it becomes sort of created for this space and for this exhibition so things change all the time


Fire can be nature's way to maintain an ecosystem and strip away overgrowth. In a controlled environment, a prescribed fire can offer the same benefits of improving wildlife habitat and reducing wildfire risks, but preparation and safety are the key. Start by installing fire breaks on the outside margin of the area to be burned. Remove all combustible fuel in the fire break and make it wider than the height of adjacent plants and fuel. Terrain features in other passive fire breaks like streams, lakes, roads or trails can serve as the boundary of the fire. Fire breaks can be installed with a bulldozer, farm disc or rototiller to expose bare soil. If heavy equipment can't be used, a backpack leaf blower can help move loose fuel and create a simple fire break. If your goal is to minimize disturbing the soil, a mode or wetline can prevent the fire from jumping out of the control area.


At Collins Morgan we offer friendly, regulated and ethical advice for anyone living in Scotland. Over the last six years we have helped thousands of Scottish residents become debt free. Our organisation always have your best interests at heart and our advisors are trained to help you in any situation with a range of solutions always available. If you're struggling with debts, act now and call one of our friendly advisors on<PHONE_NUMBER>0. Number one, James the boy, how are we mate? Good James, thanks very much. First and foremost mate, thanks for coming on the show. Thanks for having me on the show. You sent us a book, definitely maybe probably not. I think it's good to go a boy for Casimal, end up in jail and in death for four years fighting for your freedom. So how's things been? Things are good today, I'm a look after myself a lot better than the day I did back then. You sent us a book, I've read it over the last few days. Great book, really interesting, some mad stuff in it. So for the people watching we'll go right back to the start of your life. Where you grew up, I know you grew up in Casimal, but how did you end up getting involved in the stuff that you did? When I was a wee boy we moved to South Africa. My dad was a plumber in the 70s, we're pretty crap. Just the day financially for people, economically. We moved to South Africa and we were there for a few years and I remember life being great. Sunshine and glass bottles of Coca-Cola and all that before they were actually here. And I got up one morning and he was lying down on the bathroom floor. He died the next day, two weeks later Mama hid his back in Casimal again. That was your dad? That was my dad, aye. Brain hemorrhage? I said well hemorrhage aye. He was only 33, he was only a young guy, a fit young man you know. And I haven't spoke to people. Mama didn't ever want to talk about it. But having spoke to his brother as I got older, totally unexpected you know. He was a fit guy, never missed a day at his work. And I was always with him, that's my memory you know. When he was only working, he was working day in the homers and I was always there. And life then was all swimming pools outside. Although as I got older I realised South Africa wasn't a great place if you weren't there. White back then. But before we went over back I'm staying with my granny again in Casimal. And it had a big effect on me. What age were you when your dad died? Ten. So he's moved on there for a better life? Aye. His sister had been, my sister went a few years previous. And his two brothers went to New Zealand with their families. And my dad must have decided that I think for economic reasons as opposed to South Africa it'd been a better place than New Zealand. He took us there. We's sister. You know and like I say, my memories were great. Going to school there. Playing rugby and cricket. I had a red-ash part that... Calling back what's crept and bruised. Like tackles in the red-ash. As if he'd been shot in the backside. So when you came back it clearly must have affected you losing your dad. Especially if it's unexpected. Especially losing him in an instant where you're not expecting it so you can't really prepare yourself. So you can never really prepare yourself for a lost James. But when you're as young as that, moving back to Casimal, when did you start getting involved in the drugs scene? That didn't really happen until... So my life kind of progressed. I wasn't into the glue sniff or anything like that. And other boys that I was hanging about with were... And I was always scared that there was something about it that didn't... I was never really into. I had my first drink when I was about 15. And it ended up a mess. When I'm 16 I start hanging about with the boys in the street. And I'm drinking beer and getting arrested. And I'm dabbling in acid and stuff like that. And then in 1980, probably 1982, me and my pal, me and two boys, but one who was my pal, a closer pal, we ended up trying to smack for the first time. Well it was the first time for me, as it transpires it wasn't his first time. And although I was working I was an apprentice plumber. I was using smack for about four months. Snorting it. Maybe there was smoking smack at the time. I was snorting it. What was the effects of snorting it? Pretty much the same as with the rush, as if you were injecting it or smoking it, you know what I mean? But if you snort smack you can overdose on it as well, if you take too much of it. I've never learned anybody to... I would see if you speak to anybody for 80s.  So if you speak to anybody for 80s, that was the progression, you know what I mean? It was, nobody was smoking heroin at the time. People snorted it up. See I thought it was all just needles and smoke. You don't have to choose to do that again. No, snorting was the thing. And at the time I was... I'm glad there was no smoking at the time, because I would maybe I'd get mad into it, you know what I mean? But it came the time when, again on to me, he'd already had his first hit. And moving around in my mind, there was me having another boy and it came to my turn and I just thought, I can't do that one. And I didnae. And I just got back to drinking, causing trouble and that sort of stuff.  And then when I was 19 I made my first geographical change and ran away to Jersey. And I had two years in Jersey that were alright, you know what I mean? But it was just drinking me, basically. Do you have contacts in Jersey? One of my pals had cousins that stayed in Jersey. And we went there. But we went to Jersey half of Glasgow was in Jersey because they were running away for the same stuff. Half of Liverpool was in Jersey and there was quite a lot of Dublin in Jersey as well. It was alright but I kind of missed my ma. And by this point, every time I get drunk I think about my dad who's died when I was a wee boy as well. And I was a greeter, I cried all the time when I was drunk for my ma or for my dad. Sensitive. I really, really touched you. That's not a bad thing. I really touched you. I know what you speak about, you've been to go a few times. What made you go in there for the first time? I was part of the late 80s, 90s ecstasy generation. Taking pills and going out clubbing and going to your aves. And it was all great. And by this point, I'm selling drugs and getting involved in all sorts of stuff like that. But 1993, they poked the flats down where I grew up and they gave everybody 25 hundred quid or something like that. And my brother was, he's like, I'm going to go over, I'm going for the rave scene and all that. And we did. So I tagged along with him and his wife, my sister-in-law. And we went to go and had four weeks partying in the jungle. And it was great. It was magic. And the following year we went back and done, I went back and done pretty much the same. So I had to go a thing. And I'd been back and forward to go a few times before I actually got arrested. And that was just to start it for you, getting involved. Kind of a way for it all. Kind of a way for maybe the pain and the misery here then. Getting all the other things. There's a way to escape for you to be all there. And get involved in the drugs. Yeah, they are there.  Until, and for me, even through the, the kind of 1993, 1994, 1995, because I was, I went three years in a row. I was still drinking, still getting into fights. Not until people were like, what's happening there? You know what I mean? We're all here. It was all peace and love stuff. But kind of drugs we taking in India? When I first went to India, I was just, we were taking ease. We were taking on the pills. But we were out every night. And if it wasn't every night, it was every other night. Because there was, Goat and ants was massive, you know, through the kind of late 80s, 90s. So there was big jungle rays. We see the full moon parties that you see in Thailand. They go on all the time, but they don't anywhere. But so we were at them, you know, and it was just dancing and dancing myself skinny, basically, man. And it was, it was great. I loved it all. It was an experience. It was all experienced and it was all good times for me. But obviously the tables would have turned and fell off in it.  Was it two and a half kilo? A hash? 2.75 kilo. A hash, aye. That order is a 10 stretch, innit? It's 10 years. 10 year for that order, aye. Up to a thousand gram, you get seven year. A thousand gram, up to a million gram, it's 10 years. So it doesn't matter whether it's one kilo or a thousand kilo. It's 10 years, you get. So how did that story begin, then, when you were about to collect a hash? Were you selling it or were you just... I was, I was selling stuff and I was sending me bits back and I was people who couldn't get it. I was going and getting them basically. So I got asked to go and get it, but... I went and... I believe that I'd been gone and seen for long enough who had been introduced to him by another guy who had known for years. And at the time I was going between a Nigerian guy and an Indian guy and I was talking about the Nigerian guy, I was now 100% sure of it. And I backed the Indian guy in the race and the guy who gave me the ball was in the end. And that was for two and a half kilo, over two and a half kilo. So it was the experience then, when you got to jail. Was that a setup? Oh absolutely, aye. At the time I thought he'd just stuck me in because it was obvious that... What happened was I'd went to his house, I'd go to the bag, I'd go... 2.75 kilo in the bag. I thought it was three kilo. It turned out he'd took a bar out for himself and got me away anyway, right? So I jumped into a taxi but I got a feeling, I ain't you get a feeling? Got a feeling.  The procedure was you would think there would be a procedure but there wasn't any really one because because as it transpired I bought the drugs after Polis so we got to the Polis station and they put me into this office at first and they're all looking and they're all laughing and they were all talking the language there was Konkini and Goa so they were all talking this language I knew nothing about and laughing at me and saying 10 years and all that sort of stuff and something happened in me I don't know what it was but I thought right, this is it, you're in trouble nothing you can do about it they took me and threw me in a dungeon in the dungeon there were two other characters in the dungeon there wasn't any formal charging or anything like that it was just pretty much I didn't know what was happening I mean I didn't I was in the community you're being charged with this threw me in the dungeon took me back out and then later on that night they took me away where I stayed to search my plot did the fingerprint you're there take photos? at one point in the thing where the fingerprinted me and everything was done it was all done fingerprint and they took about 15 copies of this so 15 sets of my fingerprints I tell a wee story in the book about the 40s they kept coming and taking me I was in the dungeon for a week on a police remand they kept coming and getting me and taking me out so one day they could say we're going for get your photos took so I was like fine so there was a chalkboard and they had my name and my number on the chalkboard and I'm looking for the camera and there's no camera and they were like come on and they took me out the police station into the wee town called Panjim and we went into your photo click shop and in this shop where people were getting passport photos and I'm sitting there and I had a beard by this point man and I looked as if I'd been fired out of gun and I'm thinking I wonder what everybody thinks I've done because I read in the book as well when you were going to court they don't take you in that it's not like here in the security corps vans they took you in the bus public transport is that right James I get brought back if you court one time so it was all met alright so see when you were on the police remand the police arrested you and I was on the police remand they get charged in the court I get arrested in May right I get charged with the actual offence in November so all that time I was on a remand every two weeks but the police were still in charge of me although I was in the jail by this point so when I was going up from my remand it was the police that came and they put you in a jeep and they would take you in by yourself or a wee glass of fresh lime soda and I looked forward to it you know what I mean yes I'm going out to the police because they'd never ask me you know when you had a smile on yourself and my nerves make me smile too and they were like I think it's funny I think it's funny this is the reaction so once I get once I get charged officially I'd been moved to another a bigger jail and if there was 10 years or 20 he's gone he's on the bus so you can imagine that there's 20 prisoners on a bus and every prisoner's got two guards you know so the bus was like that and it was roasting and sweat strapped in half here but a couple of times I got took to court myself so they don't put the jail bus on for you so you get down and you get a bus into the wee tune and a bus from one tune to the other tune middle of the court is and then one time they actually hitchhiked back man and we were in the back of this big thing it was called a Tata truck Tata made big lorries there and the guy stopped so he's too too poor policed I look back now I mean they're there to get the finger out I think they might even have been pocketing the two quid or whatever it was for the bus fare you know so we're up on this big truck man and I'm sitting and I'm in the middle two polices there and the drivers there and he's talking really taping me and I can hear drugs getting mentioned and stuff like that and that experience there was a catalyst for me because I had prostate trouble on that when I was in the jail I had some health stuff going on food wasn't very clean, the water wasn't very clean were you honked after it when you were took to court? I was only honked once in a year do you ever try and escape? flip flops might trip me up James that was the thing but you know there was, escape was a possibility if I'd accepted I'd accepted this is your lot my lawyer says to me look you're not going to get found guilty you might be here a year, you might be here two years but you'll definitely be acquitted at the end of your trial so I didn't have any desire to run away because I'm thinking are we white Scottish guy you know where am I going to go? so when you were in there did you know trying to bribe them or did they not ask for money to get out? no but they took a bribe to bring me in a phone or they took a bribe to bring me in you know I was stoned every day I was in the jail and the guards were bringing stuff out I wonder either I try and fucking escape did anybody speak English? was there an understanding between you and the screws some of the screws weren't the English wasn't very good because these guys were poor you know and the jails were poor they were probably on 60 or 70 quid a month wages some of them didn't have great English they could say your name and say it and they repeated your name and repeated your name something about my name that they liked saying because when you get put in a cell as well there was 25, 25 in a cell the first cell I went in there was 25 people so I walked in and I'm petrified you know I mean I've got two blankets and a pillow and a wee towel and a metal metal plate for a tray and a metal cup and this guy came straight up to me and says told me his name shook my hand and his English was pretty good I told him who I was and he says it's okay we know who you are we've been waiting on you coming because I'd been in the papers for the week previous he showed me my space on the flare and he says to me don't worry as the cell empties you'll move around you'll get into a better space so I was in a wee corner underneath a drip because it was the monsoon that started when I got arrested and the roof was leaking because it was really warm everybody was good to me I mean I can't even say there was a neighbourhood nothing harmed lot people getting stabbed I know other people might laugh but they've got guns and knives in the wee jail there was a couple of fights I moved to the bigger jail one of the guys who got moved in my back who had started after though he was alright I could end up pals with somebody for the Bombay mafia I got a guy called Ashback Bengary horrible, horrible horrible individual the guy was just, he was a murderer and he was an extortionist and he just prayed on people you know I mean he prayed on anybody he's bag outside was extortion so if there was coconut sellers selling coconuts for to Bob he would want a shell in it so that's the kind of guy he was and he had money but in there he tried to make friends with the foreigners to see what he could get after and I saw him manipulating at a Greek pal a Greek boy came in a few weeks after me and he was petrified he'd been going back and forward to go for 30 years he'd been doing business as he called it sending stuff back and he couldn't believe it somebody had actually shopped him to the police and he'd been arrested and he would have done anything to get out and he had a nice looking girlfriend who used to come up and this Ashback used to say I like your girlfriend and all that and then I used to see the tour and walk around the exercise yard together and I called this guy Mr Beng because he was a spent image of Mr Beng and he had his trusers up to the air and as he lost my weight his trusers went further up and he had all the actions of Mr Beng but he was getting parallel with this Ashback guy my Greek pal and I could see him getting frustrated and I could see just the pure anxiety in his face and then one day I asked him what was happening with you and him and it turned out that this Ashback he had his crew outside had met with this Greek boy's girlfriend outside and she'd gave them money and we used to go to an international phone once a week they would like you to go to your phone and you get 20 minutes using the phone and that's when if you were going to escape that was the time to escape it was too old guys would take you and they'd flip flops on as well and if you had the means to escape that was the time to do it so unknown to me he'd got his girlfriend to get his guns money and then they had helped him escape saying when's it going to happen he would tell her Monday when you go to the phone and he was just getting frustrated and then he was saying things like they might hurt your girlfriend because now they know where she stays and it was just pure shite it just manipulated this guy's fear and I ended up having to say gonna stop that with him gonna leave it out he says he felt that battering him and I said well I'll leave your room again you know it's need a hammer we'll go to another room you can get somebody else in and what I watched him doing was just like that transferred the stuff the Greek guy an Italian boy that was in me as man and it was horrible to watch because by this point we're in a room probably about this size but then there was nine years in it so you're loving me people you're lying in the flare and you're sleeping beside guys and you see everything it was sweltering man because I was there during the monsoon as well so sometimes there would be power cuts and there was a fan above the room because it was all the new key news that you get the jail in would they try to help you here the British Embassy all there so it was a big boner contention for me James that I met the British console service and there were three local people who were the consular service are there and as the case went on it turned out that there had been a big web of conspiracy going back 10 years corruption stuff going back 10 years and I try to my case was that these people here are all related to these people there so they might be working for the consular service but they've got pals in the police because it's a wee place it wasn't a big place and I think if people are all called Fernandez or Gonzales or Rodriguez there's a good chance somewhere doing the line that one of them is going to be related to somebody else with the same name so my thing was after a goat bail I was writing to the Prime Minister people writing that I got a Facebook group going and made 13,000 people in it and and I'm saying my case isn't a British foreigner who's been arrested on a drug charge my case is all the police who've arrested me have been arrested and something's not right here so how did they get, or get the jail if you were the one trying to buy it what happened was I'd been inside for about 10 months and you've smiled at this as well right so there's railies there worked with the police in Goa so there was an Israeli guy and his name was Atala he had a girlfriend, a Swedish girlfriend called Lucky Farmhouse you can google any of this James like this it's all there for anybody well she was Lucky Farmhouse with her name right so as it turns out she wasn't very nice because she was videoing this guy was working with the police who had protection after Home Minister's son right so that's how deep this Weber shit went you know her in the Italian her in the Israeli guy Atala fell out she then produced all this stuff that she'd been recording and the house she'd been recording all these top police coming they're talking about I'm gonna give you 100 kilo of this and I'm gonna give you 10,000 pills and I'm gonna give you all this gear and smacking and my name too fell out hell half no fury she loaded it up on YouTube all it took doing that for YouTube she put it back up on YouTube and then I was in for about 10 months and it started to make the papers out there and I'm like fucking brilliant man all these guys who arrested me are all corrupt or corrupt I knew they were corrupt you know I mean I just that's when it all fell into place for me I'm thinking I was just one of the patsies as well you know I mean I did at the time I still thought the boy had bought the stuff off he stuck me in and I still 10 months doing the line that I realised that it's much deeper than this you know and I'm just a wee thing and a thing that they've been doing but could you still get a 10 stretch because you tried to buy it as well well what actually happened was after 11 months I got bail you took a passport and that half you had everything they'd been quite fly when I got arrested they took me back to my flat and when they were there they kind of robbed everything that was in the flat they took my passport and said I had it in my pocket so that then became a bit of evidence so my passport was my case right for the very start so I didn't have a passport right for when they got arrested in May and I was 70 sign on in the police station every week at first they cut me an actual curfew but I had to go to this right into their den so they've all been arrested I'm having to go into the same place it's other police it's there now but if they're all bent then they're all bent anyway you know what I mean it's just the way it was having to go in there every Monday and sign on was there people coming on visiting you were there any visitors? when I was inside my wee mark came out to visit me with my boy we get four visits and I'm smiling because they were good visits I'm a Celtic fan and my mum brought her 75 Celtic jerseys and the foul jails are running on a book day and that so that was great they were all asking me for a green t-shirt it's not a green t-shirt I said so after four they were only there for two weeks four visits we got and I was way up there I went back to the cell I knew I wasn't going to see them for I didn't know how long and there was a guy in Mario Fernandez who murdered his girlfriend which is common earlier rapists and murderers mixed freely women murderers and all that they mixed freely with everybody else this guy Mario was saying to me it's a problem James Baba and all and I'm like fuck my man my boy and I don't take tension I'll sort it out I'm like this will be good so he's away and he's come back and he says just get yourself a hospital appointment for Tuesday he's like going to see the doctor in the morning so I went and saw the doctor told him I had to go on with the prostate and they arranged the appointment for the Tuesday and I was able to tell my mother I was going to be at this hospital on the Tuesday so I'm back and back and they let us have a picnic in the garden and on that man and it was really nice so my last time I saw my man my boy wasn't there he was leaving me in a shite I mean it was them leaving me in this garden it was good for them it was better for me as well obviously so long did you keep an in there for 3 years 4 years in total I was a year in prison and then 3 years going through the trial so what was the outcome of the trial then after the 3 years with the case how was that were you not ashamed of yourself that they were going to take you back in it was a time at the one I was sigh because I was I was having to rely on people here supporting me but I was also dunking and diving during the 3 years too still so if you get caught you're life would well probably right back into the same thing again same scenario what were you doing when you were out far I was a lot of the time it was alright I spent on the beach hanging about with older guys I wouldn't have got English stories nor that I thought Maggie Thatcher was alright but I spent a lot of time I don't like to tell myself medication but I spent a lot of time self-medicating you've done a lot of reading do you know because I hear you speak a bit of Carthol a lot I did because that's the thing you know now I'm in recovery right and I know that spirituality is a big part of that and there is a place for spirituality as well absolutely I've made a petition to the court and asked for time to travel and they gave me 5 weeks and I went away up into the Himalayas man and it was Is that how you wrote your books some bits I started writing it when I was on the train and I started the introduction I started writing and I've still got this stuff in the house where I was writing um the pen in the jail you know what I mean and everybody wanted to know if they were in the book or not and that ash back was always looking at it happening because I could be right about him you know what I mean because um he did know he got murdered he did get murdered and you know I don't in the jail he got murdered in the jail in 2016 so no long ago no long ago because I I made a contrast and compare thing with two boys I was in one was a guy called Yuki Marita and he was a Japanese boy and he was so altruistic you know what I mean he was he would want to clean your play and he wanted to clean it and um a lovely lovely guy but he was mixed up you know and he said he was scrambled when I got out he then won his case and he got out and um he came down to see me in the brief place I was staying and um I was able to lend him some money and it wasn't much money you know and he went away and then he phoned me I wanted to give you the money back so he came down to see me and he was riddled with smack and I looked after him for a few days and managed to get him a wee bit better and um and he told me I'm going away um I'll see you when I come back and um so he'd been released in the June 2010 and in November 2010 he got caught in Bali with six kilo and get 18 near I was like what the fuck happened there you know what I mean you get found not guilty and then he still thought it was a good idea and he went for um in dirty Bali and he was gone to Thailand and then Australia and I don't know if his final destination was Australia but flying through Bali and then Thailand with six kilo and then Australia was he trying to make money to get Australia? because that's where the big bucks were for what he had because it's expensive for Australia because they need to get it there and I googled him somebody asked me about him and so he had 18 years in Bali and one of my pals, a boy from Ireland was in Bali and he went to visit him and took him fags and gave him money and I googled him probably about 18 months ago and he went and he hung himself man and I found out on a google search that my mate had hung himself in Bali and it broke my heart but at the same time I found out this other bastard had been murdered in the jail and I thought it worked well don't be mafia we were out for a year, three year on bail, was it it took three years for it to go to court? no, appeared in court every two weeks, every four weeks appeared in court a hundred times during that period you would go to court the prosecutor wasn't there they would give you another date you would go back up the judge wasn't there, they would give you another date the witness had me turned up see here the witness doesn't turn up at court they sent for him didn't they earlier the witness didn't turn up three times in a row I had to be at the court for two months or I'd been up and down without mere dates and sometimes my legal team didn't bother turning up as well and when I would phone them and say will I come to court on or come definitely coming, you would get there and the court was known and part of the time it was a two year journey to get to court on a two year journey back that warned me a bit tired you no no, we were going to get hammered that was always the thing was there going to be an outcome, did you know you were only getting a big sentence did you worry about it my lawyer had always said to me don't worry you'll be acquitted at the end of the trial but how are you going to get acquitted how is the lack of evidence corruption, what is it as it turns out when they make the charge sheet right so this is the way it all works the lawyer the police the judge, the lawyer the lawyer Rodriguez Fernandez or whatever right there's a relationship between them all my lawyer first got brought to me by the police who arrested me he says to me don't worry you'll be in here for 12 months, 18 months or something like that but you'll get out this police was always saying to me don't worry I'm going to make a weak case against you so it's all about how do you know how do you know, so you obviously had an in so I had a good lawyer right and what this lawyer says to me was don't worry we haven't lost a foreigner yet and I says to him I don't want you to be sitting here next year and saying don't worry we've only lost one foreigner so far you know what I mean because that doesn't matter what he tells you you're always thinking and see here the instructor lawyer earlier you paid the money and trying to get at the good side and this guy and there was an Israeli guy just before me who had my lawyer sacked him brought a hotshot down for a bomb and paid a lot of money for him and got 10 year because the hotshot was coming out of state and it's like bringing the lawyer up to England to his hotshot and they had to try and deal with something in the high court up here you know what I mean, Derek Og and Donald Trinley have got that covered up here so you knew you weren't going to get any 10 year so when did you eventually get a not guilty error eventually they call it a quitted error there I went to court on the 23rd 23rd of April 2013 and there was a couple of people there we went in the morning they told us to come back early afternoon we went back in the afternoon they told us to come back at 5 o'clock and we went back at 5 o'clock the court was empty and this court clerk came out and he says to me come into the judge's chambers and the judge was sitting there and he was reading the papers and there was one of my lawyers understudies was there and the prosecutor was there and I'm starting and I'm feeling that they knew I mean I was absolutely shaking from my toes right up man because even though I was 100% sure I was going to be found not guilty there's still a bit of uncertainty and he said something and she stood up shook my horn and said well done and that was just a big anti-climax to the full thing because I wanted my day in court I wanted to be told to walk out the door of the court and he just gave me a nod like that there you go, did you get your passport back that day? no I didn't get my passport I had to actually get a there was a three month appeal period basically so the three month appeal period was to allow the prosecution to decide whether they were going to appeal my case so I eventually got a passport the July so I'd been acquitted in April and I eventually got my passport near the end of July did you come home straight away? as soon as I got there and there was just a one you know the passport you allowed it's a white one and you've only allowed one journey with how bad were you on the drugs then before you came home? I was using quite a lot of aluminium you buy it with the chemist that because they're nerves because I know your brother get murdered as well when? 2004 when you were travelling were you travelling at the time? no I was a drug worker the social work department when Martin was killed I'd got after drinking 2001 went back to college done a bit of counselling and then I got a good job in residential social work with children and families and I changed my life about you know I mean I had to stop drinking I had to stop taking drugs and life was alright 2004 he was murdered I stayed in social work Martin was murdered in June I stayed in social work until the next April and then I left to go back to the building trade and then when I was back in the building trade I started snorting the gear again and all that stuff and my life just fell apart and that's I ended up travelling and went back to India so that's obviously affected you as well massive thing but you know I can I wore a victims badge because of my dad you know it did affect me everybody's got a back story and a bit of my back story to that is what we spoke about and my dad dying was a big part of that but when my brother died I let that define me you know I mean I let my brother then put me in a boat it gives you an excuse to hit it hard leave your job stop caring about yourself and all the people who cared about you pushing them away and that's exactly what I done James but everything you've done then and everything that's affected you has led us to where you're the now your book clean again a year cleaner again so congratulations for that mate it takes a lot of bottle to create change and make changes but you've made them before and you've got to understand how good it is you feel when you're at it because I've relapsed in numerous occasions and I preach when I'm at it and I say it's the way forward and it is because for me it is because when you're at it, they feel good life is good, your energy is focused on yourself and then in good things and it's easy to rip the whole ceiling down again so when you eventually come back for India, you started your book in India and how it is and then you come back when did you get yourself half everything when you came back so when I came back I was you were all the news on that James, weren't you when I came back I had the evening times a guy called David Lees could cover my story and he was really fair with it BBC Scotland done a couple of e-hangs as well and they were kind of they were fair with it as well you know because they didn't know any of the backstory they just knew that I was telling them I thought it would be 100% honest when I was in India because you've still got a case pending because I've still got a case pending you know but I wasn't a guilty I was guilty of something you're trying to buy two and a half kilos so you're guilty of the story and I've never denied that but instead of them charging me we've been in this taxi and having bought this stuff they then say that I was gone to a bus stop gone to meet a guy and I couldn't make any sense of that I couldn't make any sense because the people who were arresting me were the people who had bought the stuff after you through a third party and they were just taking themselves out of the equation but also the fact that they'd made up this big story and me being in a place I'd never been in and witnesses trying to tell a big giant lie then it made their case pretty flimsy why would they lie anyway they caught you do you know what I mean see if there was any corruption with it would you have got a 10 a bigger sentence a bigger sentence than the year remand that you've done I think if I'd been found guilty I would have got a 10 but I was in with an Italian boy exact same story as mine his charge sheet was mine except for his name his age, different place exact same two Russian guys exact same anybody for you before the policy arresting me had been at it for 10 years and getting a sentence did they get money for no they were so any drugs that are seized they're the ones gave the drugs to dispose of you come on and these are the guys who's getting 100 pound a month wages so what they were doing was a poor Indian guy brings down 100 kilo for the mountains he's got somebody to meet the guy who's got to meet are working with the police they've no regard for anybody anyway so they just set him up the police arrest him with 100 kilo he then faces 10 years in the jail that he's going to get anyway because he's a poor Indian but they don't charge him with 100 kilo they charge him with 2 and steal 98 of them because the two's still going to get your 10 two's going to get my 10, they're going to have a guy who's been caught all of the papers with 2 kilo they've got another 98 to get to the local boys to sell, to get to the Israelis to sell or to sell to guys like me because that wasn't the first time I'd bought dope at them how much was it for a kilo a hash all that it's about 600 quid that's it? that's quite there, is it not? if you go up into the mountains you can get it for but the bottom's fell out they've got the world to go and reduce they've got the regulatory corruption all there because the wages are slim so they were just setting everybody up so obviously you've had a bit of a pull in there as well to get you out of that court case and to get you going home free what I had was a belief that because again when it comes down to the your argument part I've not got to prove it and they've got to prove it and the mental way it works so see the policeman in charge he tells the story, here's what happened the other 10 police are there they say, ah he's telling the truth and then they bring an independent guy to say he was there when the arrest happened now the independent guy wasn't there when the arrest happened because the arrest didn't actually happen the way they're saying it happened so when it comes to the court case he's been coached into the evidence he's got to give but the hot short lawyer who's done this a thousand times he knows the questions they ask him is there a category of drugs all there obviously hash used to be a C a class C here, I don't know how to move it to a B is there categories like an A, B, C they've got different categories I'm not too sure what they are but there's different like for powder stuff they wouldn't call it a class A powder stuff would get you the same kind of sentence but for for less you know, I mean it was B, I think I've got a Russian pal again he got caught with 200 grams of MDMA 10 grams of MDMA gets you 10 years so the charge time would be 20 180 grams of stuff happened so basically just cheering people up, putting something back then that boy got arrested before me in 2009 in his case hasn't he finished yet? he's still in the jail no he got bail and he sells books on the beach and he's turned himself into a bit of a guru but he doesn't even want to go back to Putin's Russia so he's seeing me come back, he's still dabbling with drugs then? nah he was a few years, was that your nerves or have you smoked up in a cell I don't know if it was my nerves obviously I wasn't comfortable in myself you know, I mean I was still sniffing stuff and I was taking tablets and I smoked up every day because I didn't think it affected me at all so what made you want to get out of it or what made you the change last year? I took somebody close to me to a CA meeting and I sat at the CA meeting because I went to the CA when I got out of the drink because Andrew McClaren spoke about you Andy took me to my first day two weeks ago Andy actually says I've got a pal James Don't ask this fucking hell he's just actually sent me his book and there's a great guy shout out to Andy boy he took me to my first day meeting so I mean I haven't done this circuit for everyone here which was great but a year ago I took somebody close to me to a meeting the guy chairing is the guy who's my sponsor today and I heard him talking and when I'd been in India and maybe Mestis saying there's a seat for you at the Saturday Night Fever with your name on it we used to have a laugh about it so I went to Saturday Night Fever he chaired and he spoke about the illness and he spoke about control and he spoke about choice and being powerless or controlling choice and I thought fuck that's me makes sense doesn't it? absolutely for me it just went another piece in the jigsaw felony place and the last who shared that night I was 12 steps down and I thought I could do that so for that day to this I followed the suggestions that you get in there I joined a group I got a sponsor I went through the program, I helped others I did all the stuff and the idea that smoking dope or having a line of coke would be a good idea left me you know I know it's only a daily thing but I'm doing all the right stuff you're not speaking at the schools today what's the night you speak in there? you're doing big things, you wrote your book when did you finish the book James? the book's actually turned into two in the second part I sent it to an editor because that was one of the things I wrote that and it went into your file and it lay there and I'd done nothing and if I met you I'd be saying I've wrote a book and you'd say how can I get it and I'm saying you can't really get it because I've done nothing absolutely so I've stopped drinking and then I've stopped taking prescribed medication and then I've stopped taking gear and I was hodding onto the puff it's only a bit of dope you make excuses for it, don't you? absolutely, you know you've had to get it every year for the last 30 years and there's something going on there and when I stopped smoking dope I started to see a high definition and I started to see that you've got a story there and some people you've wrote a book they actually did something with it and I'd done a crowdfund last year to get it edited properly and the support I got for that was amazing I got two and a half grand and by the time they took their wee bit there was 2300 quid so that allowed me to get it edited properly but when I sent it to the guys like you've got two books there turn that into two, you know what I mean so that's what we've done that's why I brought it out in December and how can people get their book James Howe people can get my book off my website which is JamesGyToner.co.uk or they can buy it off Amazon so people have been buying it I don't really care how people buy it but to get my story there's a thing and I'm really hoping that I can get the second one into Waterstones and W. Smith I spoke to Brad after he'd been on Brad's a great guy and Brad's the you can change and he's a mulling mile an hour so he messaged me and he's like I didn't know you had a book out and I was talking about it she's like here's what you should be doing so my marketing strategy is going to be different with the second one because it's all been a big learning curve for me everything's trying an error James you've got your first book out, you've done it you've got yourself clean, you're getting the second book out for anybody wanting to change what message would you give them if they were struggling themselves for me I'd say cocaine anonymous is the one if you're struggling, talk to somebody that's the start reach it, somebody will always be there if you think you've got a problem we drink our drugs and the problem being that once you start you can't stop and when you can't stop you can't stop I believe in the 12 steps I believe in the universe so the higher power thing for me was dead easy clearing all that stuff all the stuff about my dad all the stuff about my brother all the shit I'd done through my life trying to make the amends for that and actually all the stuff that I read about Buddha and Eckhart Tolle and all the spirituality stuff and you practice at the same time as understanding you've got an illness because a lot of people who suffer don't know what it is they suffer they think they drink too much or they think they take too much something just try to identify where you're going wrong a lot that's just a symptom and the way you do is a symptom for how you feel we're scared, we're too scared to admit we've got problems a lot of people are in denial and that's fine but you've just got to be honest with yourself and look at where you want to change and how you can improve your life people have got too much pride to admit they've got where it's only the wheat or the hash or the valium or the charlie or the brown or whatever it is if you're denied and it's destroying your life and you're waking up and you're no miserable you don't need to live there you can wake up and actually be happy I'm a positive guy, I have my moments I've had a house I've had my relapses but I get back home I make big things and you can wake up happy and it's odd not to use an individual if you want to change just educate yourself open up, set your power look up for a meeting and if you're embarrassed to go to a local meeting go to one further away then you don't need to say anything you can just listen and once you realise you're not alone and you understand that there's people there that's fucked up and you realise that the people who actually take the steps to improve their life are the strongest people that I've ever met because there's no living in fear that they're no good enough or they don't think they're good enough so if anybody takes those steps you've got to take your hat after them and guys let yourself come on and tell your story and write your book and change your life especially when you're in India you could have been on a smack or there and stuck in the fucking house but you've done it James I really appreciate that and thanks for the book thanks for having me I definitely and only best for the future for anybody getting involved it's actually a brilliant man's story phenomenal thanks a lot James Thanks very much email updates and how about the plan is going managing the day of the event they will support you the whole way through so for more information to make a booking pop down to their showroom at unit 2 foundry street atlas industrial estate in Glasgow their phone number is<PHONE_NUMBER>0 so pop along or else their social media pages are on Facebook amevents and also instagram friends.glasgo.