Asha, if you could, you know, lead us in prayer, please, even as we start our session. Yes, master. Dear God, thank you, Lord, for this class, guys. We're about to learn about Galatians, which is a Philippian school that we will be growing in wisdom and knowledge. And I'm sure that as master, if you guys teach more, that your spirit will pour out on her as she teaches and that we may grasp everything that she's teaching God. Thank you for your loving kindness. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Amen. Thank you. Oh, yes. So we have finished the Epistle to the Galatians, it was a rather hurried job but then you know in the time available to us we were able to cover quite a few important points. So now we are moving into the book of Ephesians, the letter to the Ephesians which Paul has written to them. And so in the light of this maybe we can begin by looking at the background to the book, to the letter. We could maybe look at the city of Ephesus itself, the kind of setting in which these believers were living. We will look at the ministry that Paul did in that place. Now all of this is there in your notes so you can always go back to it and refer to it. So we see that this city of Ephesus was one of the important cities in Asia Minor. Now that's not a term that we are familiar with today where today when we think of Asia we think of the current places in Asia. But then in the Bible where ever it's talking about Asia, it's basically talking about Asia Minor which basically was this peninsula of Anatolia where you basically have Turkey and modern Turkey, modern Turkey and its surrounding regions. All of that would make up, all of it is basically sitting in the peninsula of Anatolia and that entire area is called Asia Minor. So it's not really Asia, it's a minor Asia. Okay, so in that sense. So Ephesus was one of the most important cities in this Anatolian peninsula and it was considered a great metropolis. Now that's a term that we are very familiar with here in India especially with all our metro cities which have come up. So these are basically huge cities which are supporting people from different cultures and different nations and they are huge in size. So for those times, for those ancient times Ephesus was a big city. It had a population of 225,000. So in our Indian terminology that would be 2,25,000. So that was a rather large number for that time. Because they would not have had the kind of facilities that we have today. But of course today a metro would have much higher populations. Bangalore itself has got 13 million people living in it. So but in those times with the technology that they had in those times to be able to support 225,000 would have been quite a great task. And why did this city attract so many people? Just like the modern metros are attracting people because of the money that they can make over here. Because you have companies here where you can work and then there are a lot of construction sites so laborers can come and earn over here. So people get attracted to these metros because of the livelihood that they can make in these places. So Ephesus was a seaport town and so it was this really solid trading center. So you would need people of all classes. You would need merchants, you would need workers who will be able to maintain accounts, the learned people who will be able to take care of all the different processes involved in the trade. And of course you would need the labor force. We can make all of this happen. So it attracted a lot of people and there was also this other spiritual angle to it. Because this city of Ephesus is basically where you had the temple of Diana. Now among those ancient Seven Wonders of the world, the temple of Diana was one. So it was a very palatious and grand construction because it took 220 years to build it. So you can imagine how much effort would have gone into it. The entire building was made of marble. It's not just that. Even the pathway leading up to the temple was all paved in marble. So I can just imagine the amount of money that would have been spent in constructing that over 220 years. And the greatness of it is the legend which went along with it. The statue of Diana sitting over there inside had literally fallen down from heaven. At least that's what they believed. And so this temple was considered very important. And so you had an entire business flourishing just around this temple as well. It provided livelihood to a whole lot of people. So this was this huge city. And wherever you have huge city setups, you have a lot of grandeur. You have a lot of rich people. You have a lot of the latest trends in society happening. And at the same time you would have this really under trodden wretched bunch of people who are just managing to hold on. And so all the good things and evil that you would find in a modern metro, those are the things that you would have found here in Ephesus. So Paul comes into this kind of a setting and he does his ministry. Now, of course, during the second missionary journey, he just makes a very brief stop in Ephesus. He doesn't stay there for long. He just comes and preaches for a bit and because he's kind of wanting to go on to Jerusalem. So he just stays there for a little while. But he brings along Akhila and Priscilla with him and he leaves them over there in Ephesus. Just a minute. He leaves them in Ephesus over there. And so it's Akhila and Priscilla who kind of take the initial steps in getting the believers there together and in training up people and adding new believers to the church. So they do a lot of groundwork.  They teach him about the Lord Jesus. So he becomes a believer and then after they have trained him and discipled him, they send him to Corinth. So even when it's initial stages, the Ephesian church had already become a missionary church. They were sending out people to other places where the ministry could spread. And so Apollos is sent off to Corinth. And in fact we learn in Acts chapter 18 that Apollos became a great blessing to the church in Corinth. So these are all the initial things which took place in Ephesus under the leadership of Akhila and his wife Priscilla. And then in the third missionary journey is when Paul is able to give more time to this church. So he comes here and he stays for three years during this third missionary journey. And so we learn from Acts chapter 19 that for three months he actually goes into the synagogue, the Jewish synagogue and he shares with them about Jesus Christ. But then the reception is rather hostile. The people are very angry and upset. And so then he moves out from there or probably he's been kicked out from there. So he moves into this place called the Hall of Tyrannus, the School of Tyrannus. And he begins to do ministry from there. He in fact teaches from there for up to two years. So while he's busy doing his teaching within the city, he's also equipping people and sending them out. And so you have people going all over Asia Minor and the gospel is spread throughout. And so the seven churches which we see in revelations chapter 2 and 3, these people, the Ephesian church might have had a role in establishing all of these churches. They probably would have sent some people from their side as well in establishing these churches. What else do we have in your notes? We learn that when Paul first begins his work over here, he meets a few believers. No, he meets a few disciples of John the Baptist who have been very sincere to the teachings of John the Baptist. But they don't yet know about Jesus Christ. They only know that John the Baptist said that the Messiah will come. And so Paul introduces them to the Lord Jesus and they get baptized in water. And even as they're coming out of the waters, they're baptized in the Holy Spirit and they begin to speak in tongues and they prophesy. We have all kinds of unusual miracles that take place here in Ephesus where you have even pieces of cloth. Over which Paul has prayed or whatever. Even those have the power to heal. So you have all these unusual miracles taking place. You have one passage where it talks about how people who had been involved in witchcraft and sorcery, which would have been at quite a high in the city of Ephesus. Because that was this kind of spiritual center. So a lot of spirit controlled activity would have been going on. And so all of those people, they repent of their association with Satan. They come over to the side of the Lord Jesus through the ministry of this efficient church. And so in Acts chapter 19 verse 19, we are told that all these former sorcerers, they come together and they burn all the scrolls of all the sacred chants and all the sacred rituals which they had been holding on to.  Those are not exactly just scraps of paparai. Those are highly valuable documents. They probably would have inherited it from their ancestors or they would have purchased it with much money. Because we get to know that the total value of those documents turns out to be 50,000 drachmas. So one drachma would be one day's wages. So if a person were to work all the way from morning up to evening, he would earn one drachma. And these documents together, their value comes up to 50,000 drachmas. So which means some of these sorcerers who owned those documents must have been pretty rich. They had a good business flourishing through their sorcery and witchcraft. And now they give up all of that and they don't want it to spread further. So if they had sold that, they would have made money out of it. But they don't sell it. The idea is to extinguish, to destroy it. And so they destroy all of these scrolls and documents. And so we see that the ministry of the Kingdom of God is being done in a very powerful way here in this efficient city. And Ephesus is also the place where a lot of young leaders get trained up. They all have all kinds of names.  You have Sopater of Viria, Aristarchus and Secundus of the Thessalonians. All these people who go out to other places, they've actually got their training over here in Ephesus. So this is like one major missions center. So I mean, this should kind of give you an idea that you're not talking about just some little local church. This is like one solid established mission center. So people who are getting trained over here, they go from here to Thessalonia. They go to Viria. They go to Lystra. And they go to Corinth. And you have Erastus who goes to Corinth. You have a whole bunch of leaders being developed. And then we also have the church in Ephesus influencing other churches. So Paul comes in contact with Philemon and Epaphrys of Colossae. So the church in Colossae was started by Epaphrys. And then Paul meets with him and he probably ministers to him. And so while staying in Ephesus, Paul writes two letters, the Galatian letter here, right? And also the first Corinthians letter to the Corinthian church. The first letter are written at Ephesus. Paul also comes in touch with the ministers, the elders in Miletus, another place. And there too, you know, his influence spreads. He kind of, you know, counsels them and guides them as well. Because it says in Acts 20 that he gave a very powerful message to the elders of the church. So we have all of that now coming to the letter to the Ephesians. When does he write it? We get to know that Paul goes to Rome. After his third missionary journey, he goes to Rome. And when he goes over there, he, along with him, you have Luke and Aristarchus and Timothy also going along with him to Rome. And that is where his first imprisonment in Rome takes place. And so during that imprisonment, the first imprisonment in Rome, that is when he writes this letter to the Ephesians. He also writes the letters to the Colossians, Philemon, Philippians. And so these are all called the prison epistels of Paul. That is when he writes it. So this would have been about three years after he has finished his work in Ephesus. That is when he ends up in prison for the first time in Rome. And that is when he writes the letter to this Ephesian church. Now after the first imprisonment, he comes back and he brings Timothy with him. And that is when Timothy becomes the pastor of Ephesus. A young man placed over one of the most powerful mission centers. So probably he was heavily anointed by the Holy Spirit, you know, called to this particular task. A huge responsibility for a young man to take up. But, you know, this is where, I mean, the Holy Spirit places him. So Timothy becomes the main leader. And so Paul sets up Timothy over there in Ephesus. And then he himself, he goes on to Macedonia. And then from Macedonia, he writes two letters to Timothy. Timothy was probably having a tough time. A young leader not being taken very seriously by all these established leaders who are already there in Ephesus.  So during that time, you know, Paul writes two letters to him so that he can hold on to the ministry work that God has given him and so that he can succeed at it.  And so just a little while after he finishes writing his second letter to Timothy, you know, he is martyred. So we learned a little detail about what was going on in the Ephesian church, even from the letters to Timothy. And also we get to know that from Revelation chapter 2 that Ephesus was one of the seven churches that the Lord, you know, has represented in his presence. There are seven lamps in his presence, which represent each of those churches.  So that was a rather detailed background.  The letter is being written to a church that's very, very influential, that has produced great leaders, highly anointed leaders. It is filled with people who belong to a very, very metropolitan culture, you know, where they've been exposed to all kinds of influences. And so there's a chance that they can be very worldly, they can be rich, they can be proud. Among them there are also people who are very, very poor, because those are the kind of, you know, you always have this divide. You have the very rich and the very poor in places like this. So that is the kind of congregation to which he is now writing this letter. He's already ministered with them, been there for three years, done all of that.  And so let's, you know, begin. If someone could read out, Ephesians chapter one verse one. This letter is from Paul, chosen by the will of God to be the apostle of Christ Jesus. I'm writing to God's holy people and it says who are the faithful followers of Christ Jesus. Yes. So, Paul introduces, I mean, or rather begins his letter with the words, Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the will of God. So it was God's will that he should become an apostle. It was God's will that he should go out and, you know, help established churches. And so, in fact, when he's writing to the first corner, to the Corinthian believers in 1 Corinthians 16, 8 and 9, he talks a little bit about his ministry and Ephesus. He kind of just briefly refers to it. And he says that even though he's got this great opportunity to do ministry in Ephesus, there's been a lot of opposition. So a great work of God took place in Ephesus, but it was not an easy thing. There's a lot of struggle that went on in the background. And, you know, Paul is able to hold on in spite of all of the opposition and persecution that he faces, because he knows that he is in God's will. So, you know, I mean, these courses that we are conducting, we have people from all walks of life attending. We have people who are in the secular stream. And just to build themselves up in the Lord, they are joining our courses. But then we also have some people who are in full-time ministry. So if you are in full-time ministry and you are going through a tough time, and maybe you are like Timothy and people are not taking you very seriously, or maybe you are like Paul who is suffering a lot of opposition and persecution, even as he is doing a successful ministry.  You will flourish in the ministry that has been given to you. There would be hardships. There would even be persecution. But you can hold on, you know, in solid faith knowing that you are an apostle, or a teacher, or a prophet, or whatever it is, whatever full-time ministry that he has called you to, you can just be sure and confident that because it is by the will of God, you will succeed at it. Okay, so even if you were to take an Old Testament example, Moses, I mean, how did he begin his ministry? I mean, things didn't go too well for him.  Moses goes, Moses faithfully speaks to Pharaoh. And what's the next thing that happens? You know, Pharaoh increases the workload of the people. They were suffering, they were crying out to God. And this great leader, Moses intercedes for them and things get worse. So the first step in Moses' ministry was looked like a huge failure. The minute he started his ministry, the condition of the people got worse. And then, you know, in fact, in Exodus 522, Moses, you know, he comes back to the Lord and says, is this why you sent me? I mean, just to make the people suffer more, is this why you called me into ministry? You know, is what he says. So, you know, we may have our drawbacks, you know, when we are in full-time ministry, but if we know that it was the will of God for us to be in this place, to be doing what we are doing, then we can be confident that God will cause us to succeed and God will take care of every detail for us. So this man Paul, who is an apostle by the will of God, you know, he goes on to say, grace and peace to you from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ. And then he says, he says in verse 3, he makes an important point in verse 3, if someone could read out, Ephesians 1 verse 3, please. Hey, I really hope someone is listening to this class. Can I read the question? Yeah. All praise to God, the Father of the Lord Jesus Christ who has blessed us with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly realms because we are united with Christ. Yes. So we have been blessed with every spiritual blessing in the heavenly realm. Now, why is it that, you know, many Christians are living in spiritual poverty? It is just because they have not quite understood how to access these riches. So here it says that we have already been blessed in the heavenly realms with every spiritual blessing.  So if we were to submit those checks, we can, you know, withdraw what is required for us, for our needs. So what are the checks that we have? They are the scriptures because Jesus Christ is the word of God, right? So you go to Him and say, Lord, this is what you are saying in your word.  And so by faith, you are able to withdraw from the heavenly account. So a lot of people just do their Bible reading as a Bible reading exercise, you know.  And then those are not just logos that the Reema word, right? Reema word, logos is of course the entire Bible, but Reema versus are basically those words which are directly spoken to you by the Holy Spirit for your specific situation for that particular trial or that season of time. And so those become your checks. You hold on to those and you say, God specifically spoke this for me and so He will fulfill it. And so you stand in faith and you stand in faith till it becomes yours, you claim it. And so that's basically how we can in fact access all of the spiritual blessings which have been given to us in Christ Jesus, in the heavenly realm. So whether it is a spiritual struggle that we are going through, whether it is a crisis that we are facing in our family, whatever it is, once we make a practice of regularly spending time in God's presence and meditating on His scriptures, those Reema words that are specifically spoken to our hearts, they have so much power, we can claim them. You can say, God said this to me, so God will fulfill it in His perfect time. And so we stand in faith and once we stand in faith, believed in through Jesus, that will be done for us by Jesus. So this is the beauty of what has been offered to us. So most people kind of fail to do this. So the Reema word is something that we can depend upon. So for that we would have to spend time in God's presence and hear from Him for ourselves directly. Well, that would make a huge difference. All right, let's move into verses 4 and 5. If someone could read out, Ephesians 1, 4 and 5 please. And it reads, For He chose us in Him before the creation of the world to be holy and blameless in His sight. In love He predestined us for adoption to sonship through Jesus Christ in accordance with His pleasure and will to the praise of His glorious grace which He has freely given us in the one He loves. Do you want me to continue? Yeah, all right. So it says over here, He chose us in Him before the creation of the world. So even before the world was created, we have this other scripture where it talks about how the Lamb of God was slain from the foundation of the world. So even before the world was created, God already knew all that would take place. He knew that the humans that He has created would fall into sin. He knew that a redemption plan would have to be set and so He already set it in place for humans. So all of this was already done. So in the same way, before the creation of the world, He also knew who would respond to this redemption plan and come under the covering of Jesus Christ. So He already knew that and so it says over here, He chose us in Him before the creation of the world to be holy and blameless. And then in verse 5 it says, He predestined us for adoption. So a lot of controversy is there surrounding these verses. People talk about predestination. So the main two schools of thought are the Calvinists and the Armenians. So the Calvinist school will say, salvation is for everyone. When God sent Jesus Christ into the world, He was sending Jesus Christ for the whole world, not just for some appointed people who will be just the only chosen ones. On the other hand, the people who belong to the school of harmonism, they would say, no, no, no. God has predestined certain people for salvation. Only they will get saved. Everyone else has been predestined for hell, is what they would say. So based on this word predestined, which is used in Ephesians 1.5, you have a lot of wrong doctrine coming out of that. Now we have many good believers who believe in this. There are some who will say, no salvation is for everyone. But there are believers who also say, no, no, no salvation is reserved for a few. For me, that was a bit of a shock to discover that because I've always been in churches where it was very clearly believed that salvation is for everyone. And so when I was suddenly exposed to a Bible college where it was being taught that salvation is only for a few and I had to teach over there and take a stand and say, no, no, no salvation is not reserved for a few. And then I had a whole bunch of people debating with me and bringing up scriptures and giving their interpretation of it. It was all a bit of a shock and I was thinking, these are good people. These are people who are ministering. But what are they ministering with? What idea are they ministering? They are actually ministering thinking that maybe some of the people that they're ministering to are not even destined for heaven. I mean, I don't know. It was all a very new, shocking experience for me. I tried from my side, whatever I could explain, I did. I'm not sure how many were convinced, but it was my strong prayer of a spring very much and saying, Lord, you please help them to see that salvation is for everyone, not just for a few. So I mean, I am very aware that there are believers who even believe in this other belief that salvation is reserved for a few. So I thought maybe we could just look at a few scriptures just so that we would have some clarity regarding this issue because just in case someone suddenly comes to you and says this, at least you should know what the scriptures have to say on the subject. So before we actually get into that, just one simple example from the Old Testament. See, when Jesus Christ, specifically at that time, it was just the Godhead, Yahweh the Godhead. He says to the people of Israel, He says, I will choose you as my chosen ones. So He says, build a tabernacle to me and once you build a tabernacle, I will literally come and dwell among you and I'll be your God and you will be my people. Now, whom did He choose as His people? It was the entire nation of Israel, right? It's not like He said, okay, these three tribes, I'm going to choose for myself. The other tribes can watch out for themselves. He doesn't say that, right? When He says, I will be your God and you will be my people, He's talking about the entire nation of Israel, all the 12 tribes, all of them become His people. But we know their history, you know how they fall away from the faith. They don't follow Yahweh, they don't obey Him and they go through that entire process. Finally, in the prophetic books you have God saying, there will be one remnant who will stay faithful to me and I will restore them, I'll bring them back to the land. God says all of that and He even talks about the end times. He talks about the end times when Zion will be established and only the true followers of Yahweh are the only ones who will enter at that time into Zion. So all of these things God begins to say. And if we can just maybe look at Galatians chapter 6 verses 15 and 16. If someone could please read out Galatians 6, 15 and 16 please. It does matter whether we have been circumcised or not. Our account is whether we have been transformed into a new creation. May God's peace and mercy be upon all who live by this principle. They are the new people of God. Okay, so I'm not sure what translation she is using. It kind of makes every sentence very simple. But yeah, I mean sometimes it doesn't catch the original phrase. So over here, if you were looking in your NKJV or looking in your NIV, the verse 16, it will say, peace and mercy to whom? To the Israel of God. Not to the people of God. So over here, it's not all of Israel which is being referred to as His chosen ones. The peace and mercy is being extended to only some specific people who the people, we looked at this in Galatians. The people who are no longer trusting in circumcision but they have chosen to place their trust in Jesus Christ. So they alone in the end become the chosen ones. Okay, so at a general level, God chose all of the nation to be His people. But depending on their response, depending on whether they wanted to believe in Him or not, finally only one portion ended up as the chosen ones. They became the Israel of God. They became the people of God because they chose to respond to what He is offering. So in the very same way, Jesus Christ, when He was sent, He was sent to save the whole world. So let's just look at a couple of scriptures and then we'll move on to the next thing. If someone could read out 1 Timothy chapter 2 verses 4 to 6, please. 1 Timothy 2, 4 to 6. 1 Timothy 2, 4 to 6. You want me to read 4 to 6 or 3 to 6? I have it down over here in my notes as 1 Timothy 2, 4 to 6. No problem. I just wanted to give context as well. Okay, it says that who wants all people to be saved and come to the knowledge of the truth. For there is one God, one mediator between God and mankind and the man Christ Jesus, who gave himself as a ransom for all people. This has now been witnessed to at the proper time. Yeah, I was a little bit distracted because, you know, Kung has put up a question there. But right now I'm in the middle of this. But Kung, I'll most definitely answer your question maybe a little later. You know, let's just kind of get through this first because we're kind of in the middle of this argument. Okay, so in 1 Timothy chapter 2 verses 4 to 6, it says that God wants all people to be saved. He wants all people to come to a knowledge of the truth. Okay, so and then in verse 6, it says, who gave himself as a ransom for all people. If you have made up your mind that you're going to save only some people, then you're not even going to give yourself as a ransom for all people. You'll only give yourself as a ransom for those specific chosen few whom you have predestined. But that is not at all what comes through over here, you know, in 1 Timothy chapter 2. Here it so clearly indicates that this salvation is for all people and for that purpose Jesus Christ came down to give himself as a ransom, not just for a chosen few, but as a ransom for all people. So everyone is getting covered. But when you come to John 3.16, the really, really famous verse which we all know by heart, if someone could actually read out those words, John 3.16, if someone could read out for us please.  It says here that God so loved the world. It doesn't say that he has now decided to show his love to only some portions of the world. Here it's talking about the entire world. God so loved the world, the entire world that he gave his one and only son. But who becomes the chosen ones? It will be only those who choose to believe in him because they are the ones who will not perish but have eternal life. The rest of them, even though he has loved them, even though he has sent his son for them as well, they will not be saved because they have chosen not to believe him. So what God has done is done for everyone. But depending on the response of these people to whom he's making a free offer, if they say yes, we want this free offer, then immediately he accepts them. On the other hand, they say no, we don't want the free offer. Then they lose out on what God has to offer. So kind of keeping all of this in our minds, let's just look at Romans chapter 8, 29 and 30 because here again you have that word predestined and let us look at the way this entire idea is presented over here. Romans 8, 29 and 30 please. Romans 8, 29 and 30. For those God for new, he also predestined to be conformed to the image of his son. Now he might be the firstborn among many brothers and sisters. And those he predestined, he also called. And those he called, he also justified. And those he justified, he also glorified. Amen. And so you have people saying, see, see, look at these verses here. It says that certain people alone have been predestined before the creation of the world. They were predestined to be called, to be justified, to be glorified as to the rest of them.  So it's what they would say. But look at the, I mean, I looked up in Bible Hub just to be sure to see whether that is the way the sentence construction is in the Greek. So you can just go to Bible Hub. It's free of cost. You know, just look up your Romans 8, 29 and 30 in the Greek and look at the ordering of the words. Okay. Which, which word comes first, which word comes second. So we see over here, those God for new. He also predestined. So the ones that he fore knew, he fore knew who would be accepting him. He fore knew who would be placing their faith in Jesus Christ. He fore knew that. So based on the fore knowledge which he had, he chooses to predestine those people. So it's not like I said, God, you know, starts off by predestining some people and saying, oh, only these people I'm going to choose for myself. No, it, the whole process begins with the fore knowledge of God. God knew beforehand. He fore knew in the same way he knew that there would be a fall that, you know, Adam and he would sin. And so he right at that time itself before the creation of the world, he already, you know, set in place the lamb of God who would be, who would be the sacrifice. So he fore knew the fall of humans. In the same way, he also fore knew who would be the people who will place their faith in the lamb of God. So based on that fore knowledge, then you have the word predestined being used. So first you have God fore knowing something and then based on that fore knowledge, he also predestines those people. Okay, so over here, it's very clearly brought out that salvation is for everyone. It's just that God knew who are the people who would be choosing to place their faith in him and based on that, he grants them the privileges which he has promised everyone. He has promised it to everyone, but whoever wants to take it will receive it. So we'll just simply, you know, talk about this and not go into further detail on predestination because it's, because the debate on that has been going on for centuries and we can't devote our entire time to that, you know, in our class right now. Uved, yes. Mangi, I remember your name pronunciation. So yes, if you can go ahead with your question. Yeah. Thank you, Quasar. The question is on Paul's life. How we know that God called him to be his minister, but Paul didn't choose to be an apostle. God had to call him by force. So how can we connect the predestination and the calling of Paul? I don't know if you understand my question. Yeah, I'm kind of trying to, you know, catch it. Here we looked at how, where is our verse? Romans 8 30. So those he predestined, he also called, those he called, he also justified. Brother, you're referring to this particular verse. You know, the calling which is mentioned over here, the predestination and the calling mentioned over here in this specific verse. Isn't it? Yes, yes. Okay. So now this over here is referring to all the believers who are going to be placing their faith in him. So he predestines them to be confirmed to the image of his son. So he, you know, he foreknows all those who are going to say yes to Jesus Christ. So all of those people, he's predestining them to be confirmed to the image of his son. And then he calls them to whatever purposes he has for their lives. And having called them, you know, they can't exactly go and serve in a sinful state. He justifies them as well. So those he has called, he also justifies. So in the same, the same process would have happened even, you know, for Paul. So Paul also got new beforehand that he would say yes. So God had a calling for him. And so God says to him that, you know, you will be an apostle and you will go and, you know, share about me, you'll talk about me with people. So we see that in apps. Why do you say that it was, it was like forced upon him? I mean, I mean, why do you say that Paul was not keen on the idea? No, because I say that because if, if something is predestined, yeah, that means it is designed for, for that. So a car is designed to walk on the road and that you cannot. Yeah.  So Paul was on his way to the Damascus and Jesus met him and said, no, don't do that. But instead you should go and preach to the Gentiles for masik. Yeah. So over here there is no compulsion. As in when you say predestined, it's not like as if the person is forced and has no choice, no free will. Free will is always there. So God has told Paul that now you know, now you know that I am real, that I have indeed been resurrected from the dead. And so now you know that I am divine. I am God and savior. So, you know, choose to accept me. And this is the mission I have for your life. Now, Paul, if he had wished to, he could have said, no, I don't want to do it. And he could have walked away. So God does not control people. So even today, I mean, all of us, we can always say no and we can say, no, I don't want to be doing this. I'd rather go to something else.  You have to do that. And you have, you know, you cannot walk away from it. You can walk away from it. It's just that you would be walking away from all the beautiful plans that he has for you.  But it is not a forceful act that you cannot resist. If you choose to resist his calling, you can. You have full freedom to resist it. We choose not to because we know that he's a good God and he has good plans for us.  It cannot turn into a washing machine. I mean, there's no choice. It's been programmed and predestined to be like that. But humans are not like that. In the sense, I can be an apostle if I'm called to be an apostle. On the other hand, if I say no, I'd rather want to go and be a trader and make money.  Of course, God would not just leave it like that. He loves his people so much. So, you know, he would send the Holy Spirit again and again to convict me, to convince me. He would send godly people to come and counsel me. Oh, he would do everything. He would turn the heaven and earth over just to get through to me. So he would not just give up. But at the end of it all, if I'm still stubborn and say, no, I want to go and be a trader and make money, God will say, fine, you know, it is your choice. So I am not predestined and controlled and literally forced into becoming an apostle, whether I want it or not. So that word predestined is not that. It's just that he's giving them a privilege is saying, you know, I am predestining you to be this. Would you like to be a part of it? And most people will jump up and say, oh, yes, you know, if there is at all anyone who says no and holds on to his no in spite of all the convincing of the Lord. And that is that person's free choice. We'll take our break because people, you know, need their break. And then if you need further clarification, we'll come back after the break and deal with that. So 10, if all of us could log back in once again, please. Thank you.


For more videos on people's struggles, please subscribe to our YouTube channel. Hello and welcome to People's Dispatch. Today we're joined by Eugene Puriar of Breakthrough News and we're going to be talking about the $900 billion COVID relief package that the U.S. Congress passed recently. This was after a lot of discussion and nonetheless there's still a lot of holes and a lot of issues with it. So Eugene is going to talk about it. Eugene, thank you so much for joining us. And first thing I wanted to ask was regarding the most important aspect which is the fact that there's going to be a $600 check for every American and of course the numbers vary depending on your salary of course. But this comes after the $1,200 check that came many months ago and in between there's been no relief. And at this point finally we are getting a much lesser check. So considering the situation on the ground, what do you say about what people are actually going to get in their hands? I think it's very limited. And there's a lot of back and forth in Congress now, looks like they're going to take this up after Christmas. It could end up, some people are pushing for $2,000 which would be certainly much more significant. But $600 to give people maybe just a sense of it. I would say the vast majority of the country, certainly for all major cities, that is not even enough for one month's rent. So you think about the United States right now where there's about $34 billion in back rent owed by renters already. There are people who are barely making it, maybe they don't have a lot of back rent, but they're struggling figuring things out every single month to try to make it work. So I think for people who are struggling, obviously any money is going to be welcome, but whether or not it's going to be something that can make a material impact in their lives, I think it's very difficult. We've got about 85 million people in the United States right now who week to week are saying they're struggling to meet their basic expenses, which is primarily food, rent, childcare. And so when you have a situation like that, I think the $600 is more likely to benefit, and this is sort of the perverse nature of it, those who have retained employment and may not be doing great, but at least still have some income coming in. So it's a little bit of a boost in troubled times. But I think for many of people who have lost a significant amount of employment, a significant amount of income or lost employment in particular, I think it's a big challenge. And the same thing with the $300 boost for unemployment benefits, which was $600 early in the year, which was supposed to mean everyone got 100% of their paycheck. So it's implicit, at least if this bill goes forward, as it said, that they're going to be leaving people without enough, which pretty much everyone in Congress is essentially admitting and they claim, well, we're going to get back to it next year. So just don't worry. Right. Absolutely. And this context you mentioned unemployment also, which has been one of the biggest issues all countries for that matter have been facing, but especially the United States, because there's been wave after wave of COVID-19. So there's really been no decline in the number of cases, even recently record number of cases and deaths. So has this package actually offered anything to address the unemployment crisis concrete? I think all it's done is kick the can down the road on the unemployment crisis. It's pretty much a status quo situation. I mean, we're seeing now because of the renewed upsurge in the coronavirus that, you know, we're seeing the numbers go back up. I mean, there were some shocking one million people and others filing in the early part of the year. We saw 885,000, I believe was the number recently, but even when you're at 600, 700,000, which was supposedly good in the past few months, that's still higher than any time previously in the past. So we've never actually dropped below record unemployment. And so what we see happening here is there is, you know, 200, almost $300 billion in money in the Paycheck Protection Program, which is designed to basically help small businesses tread water and not close, but a huge number of small businesses have already closed. So for many people that won't get help, it'll just be a handful of people. There'll be the $300 boost in unemployment benefits, but that will only go into the early spring.  And for many people, it'll be a reduced amount of income, as opposed to what they normally make, which means they're going to go deeper and deeper into hardship, be less able to pay their bills, and that a lot and that then thus able to much more difficult to dig out of the situation that they are in. So I think as it concerns unemployment, we haven't seen anything significant to revive employment in this country to push millions of jobs or anything of that, millions of jobs or anything of that nature. But more importantly, we let the hundreds of thousands, if not more jobs, not we, the government, just disappear over the course of the pandemic by not putting out the proper aid in the first place. And of course, this all comes back to the fact that they're giving trillions and trillions of dollars to Wall Street, rather than just giving trillions and trillions of dollars to people to stay home, stay safe, pay their bills and get over this COVID crisis. And maybe we'd be in a situation like say China, which did do that, and it would be over by now. So we're seeing all up and down the chain here, the impact of the lack of the effort really, and will from the US government to spend the money it has in the early part of the pandemic to make this worse. And I think for those who are unemployed, it's going to continue to get worse, especially in states like Tennessee, like California that are seeing huge surges right now. And there's going to be some help, but not enough. And it kicks the can down the road, maybe worst case scenario of total collapse of employment, not going to happen. But there's not going to be any big boost or any big push. Absolutely. Right. And one of the things, at least we hear from the Democrats is that, you know, this is kind of a placeholder, you know, when Biden finally takes a CM's power, there's going to be much more effort. And at the same time, we really don't see anything from the part of the Democrats in terms of big thinking, in terms of big spending, like you suggested, to create jobs to, you know, protect people. There's not really been too much ambitious plans or any kind of reassurance from the upcoming government either. So it's not like the coming months look very hopeful either. Yeah, I think that the Democrats have been extremely underwhelming. I mean, the deal we're talking about right now, I mean, they had quite a bit of leverage since the government was set to shut down, among some other things, the military needed to get funded. And of course, in imperialist United States, that's like the most important factor. So they could have pushed for any range of things. They made their big stopgap push over last weekend be, well, don't limit the ability of the Federal Reserve to give more money to Wall Street, rather than, say, increase money for stimulus checks like $1,200, like what Senator Bernie Sanders is asking for, or $2,000, like what Donald Trump has now claimed that he has for the claim that he is for. And then I think when you look forward into the future, we're seeing that there is a talk of things happening, but there's so many different eddies and currents, even amongst the Democrats, that the idea that what they're going to do is going to be huge transformative, you know, multi, multi trillions of dollars. None of that is assured at all. It's not clear where all the money will go. I mean, you look at what happened in the CARES Act, a lot of that money doesn't go to average everyday people. It goes to big corporations. And so the Democrats haven't really shown a true commitment to the types of transformative policies that over the medium term can really revive employment in this country, revive wages in this country. And it's been talked about quite a bit, obviously, from the Green New Deal to full employment, to the need for universal basic income, to universal healthcare. I mean, there's a huge conversation in the country about how there needs to be transformative changes and how COVID has just revealed how the system was already broken and that moving forward, we can't just return to normal, but move forward. But it does seem the Biden administration is very committed to a return to normal. And all of their talk about the response, their response to the pandemic is essentially emergency based response. So not necessarily things that are going to lay the foundation moving forward. So it's going to be interesting to see what happens here. Pretty much everything in terms of what happens, the contours of it, not the actual details, but the contours of it will be determined by the January 5th Senate runoff election in Georgia, which will determine who controls the Senate, and that will determine the contours of what the debate is going to be. But I would say into early February, there is not a lot to give hope to people who are struggling over the holidays here in the United States. Absolutely. And Eugene, in this context, I also wanted to ask you about the pandemic itself, because like you said, the number of cases increasing hugely, of course, and the question of the vaccine is now very central in terms of how what kind of distribution mechanisms are there any at all? And how is it likely to be skewed, especially in the coming months? So what do you see as a scenario happening there? I think that the vaccine rollout is going to be pretty slow. My own feeling is that it may be until March, until when it's really sort of mass produced, we'll see the way it's being distributed. It's sort of a patchwork of what's happening here, which in and of itself tells you some of the challenges that could be happening. Some of it is being done through basically convenience stores, pharmacies, CVS is a big brand here that have these private contracts to go into nursing homes and to do the first round of inoculations there and then have some roll later on with the public. And there have been some back and forth. Some people don't know, well, is this supposed to happen? Is that supposed to happen? But basically it's worked okay. But then there's a separate distribution mechanism for the Moderna vaccine. The first one I was talking about was Pfizer. And that involves the military. That involves more governments. I believe that one is a little easier. One of them is a little bit more easier to move around. But there's a patchwork of public and of private. And then there's a question of who gets the vaccine. And that is basically being determined state by state, sometimes city by city in some of the major cities in the US. And there are big debates over what's going to happen and where it's going to be in Salt Lake City, for instance, they just announced that teachers will now all get it hopefully by the end of January. And certainly that's very good for teachers, very good for students in Salt Lake City. But then that puts us at the end of January. And we still have every single other person that lives there. So I think that there's also capacity issues in terms of what can be produced and how quickly. So I think that there's a real fear in my mind of a false dawn of people thinking, hey, it's about to be over in just a few weeks and not taking the crisis very seriously. And there isn't a lot of public education going on to promote that. In fact, there's kind of all just vaccine boosterism coming, especially in the past week, where all these famous people are getting it to say, oh, it's safe. So even from those who are saying, yes, still be safe, it's still heavily promotion. Dr. Fauci, other heavily promoting vaccines, vaccines, it's good, it's working, it's all going to work out. And I think that that's creating a complicated consciousness here that is putting us in a lot of danger. And yet again, here we are without solid public health guidance in the United States. And from the very beginning, that's been one of the main Achilles heels of this entire thing is you don't really know who to believe or what to do, or you want to believe the science, because what does it really say? You're hearing all these other things. Huge challenge here in the United States. And I think a clear challenge that having this capitalist patchwork healthcare public health system, when you have a crisis, it has no ability to be flexible, no ability to move like an accordion. And it makes everything so much more worse. Absolutely. And finally, this is an issue in all of our conversations we've regularly talked about, which is about what social movements at this point of time, what people's movements at this point of time, how they're responding to the crisis. So especially ever since May, there's been this resurgence of mobilization. So right now, what are some of the key aspects that the movements are pushing? You know, I think rinse is the absolute key.  Now, it's sort of an interesting reality, because there has been a lot of mobilization over the past few months around the issue of rents. When there was a brief lapse in an eviction moratorium, there was a lot of attempts in New Orleans and Kansas City and other places where rent courts were just completely shut down. We're seeing things happen all around the country, quite frankly, it was maybe most notably in California, but it's happening in different places. People putting pressure on governments and publicly on buildings by just moving people back into the homes themselves. In Portland, just about a week ago, we saw some significant resistance there where hundreds of people fought back against sheriff's deputies trying to evict a family in the midst of a pandemic. And it's like a wild catch 22, where like in a way, they shouldn't be eligible to be evicted, but there's some loophole that they are. So anyway, I say all that just to say that is I think what is becoming one of the cruxes of the struggle here, because it's of all the issues, it's the one that's being dealt with the least. And of course, in the middle of wintertime and huge parts of the country, it's one of the most important, having a roof over your head, having shelters, obviously one of the critical human rights that there is. But it's the one area of the pandemic where I would say or the response to the pandemic, the least amount has been done. So I'd say that's the main crux of what we're seeing now. We're seeing a lot of that. We're seeing an increase in that. There are many, many, I don't even know the number, but large numbers of people all over the country. I mean, I think in Brooklyn, not that far from where I am right now, there's that I know of like 15 rent strikes happening right now. So all over people are refusing to pay rent. They're fighting back. They're demanding the cancellation of rent. And that's why we see the month long extension of the eviction moratorium in this bill. That's why we've seen eviction moratoriums from the CDC. That's why we've seen them from the CARES Act, is that they know in Congress that this issue is very potent and that there are a lot of people who will not accept a total collapse of rents in this country and will fight very hard against that. And they're trying to prevent really what could be a social struggle of tens of millions of people because there's 40 million people facing eviction. So I'd say that's the tip of the spear of what we are seeing here right now. But of course, going into the new administration, there's also a lot of focus around the need for more sustainable, longer term planning on how to improve the lives of working class and poor people. So that's a lot of, there's less happening there, but there's a lot of conversations about what do we do, how do we do it, and how do we hit the ground running as soon as Biden shows up and not give him any breathing space not to help the working class. Absolutely. Thank you so much, Eugene, for speaking to us. Oh, thank you so much for having me. That's all your time for today. Keep watching People's Dispatch.


Good morning everybody. It's Thursday. It's March 10th 2022 when I'm filming this minus 24 outside It's cold, but we're getting our timmies because it's Timmy Thursday. I just made that event up right now All hooked up and trucking on the south perimeter here around Winnipeg Just got to bring all this stuff that I picked up yesterday just barely into the city here It was quite the mess It's quite the intricate Detailed load to tie down lots of little pieces Spools oh Excuse me bumpy roads All kinds of little pieces spools crates Little pieces that could fly off I had to make sure that they wouldn't it took a while to tie it down as Quite the masterpiece if I say so myself This area of the city has quite a bit of snow here Other places have been cleared out already, but as you can see You could almost uh the road signs seem like they've whoa my lane is narrowing here, isn't it? They really need to clear that And you see the road signs have been lifted up so you can still see them Look at this road signs almost buried all these big snow piles over here This is all a new development in southwestern Winnipeg Very nice development. It's a very nice uh Very nice spot to be if you can afford to get in here Is there all new homes built within the last like five years? I'm guessing and they're not uh They're not small either even these condos or apartment buildings. I'm pretty fancy And if I did live in the city, I definitely want to live in a neighborhood like this whether or not I could uh Could actually swing it. I don't know but Seems like a nice quiet neighborhood because you work in a neighborhood like this Or you live in a neighborhood like this. You know everybody here has a really good job to be able to afford to live here, right? So it's going to be a pretty quiet neighborhood during the day because everybody is going to be going to work and at night it's not going to be Very loud There's not going to be very many obnoxious party neighbors because everybody's got to get to bed to wake up in the morning To go to work so that they can pay for this right Usually a pretty quiet safe neighborhood. Everybody's just working hard. I don't know what they're building there This is the uh all the lds meeting place and stuff here Mormons built this fancy little church thing here Mr. Moroni up there at the top Pointing his trumpet at salt lake city If you're ever wondering which direction salt lake city is just find your nearest Mormon meeting place The trumpets pointing there I'm pretty sure that's how it is. I don't know Bishop granden Bishop granden boulevard eastbound Oh, it's route 165. I've never known it as 165 and again, you know, I grew up around the winter peg area And I've always been delivering stuff in winter peg. I've never identified winter peg roads by their numbering or their exits by their numbers I don't know I always know the street names Well, we got that stuff off our trailer Now we're putting other stuff on the trailer very similar stuff a little different the windowed here is uh Grabbing all the snow from the fields And it's all building up around these snow banks Alongside the road and then creeping on to the highway There's been a couple of circumstances where it comes right across the road already It's soft snow. So the truck itself is uh It's like a tank just poofs right through it How it does it just was poof But since the wind is going from my right to my left All of the snow that i'm poofing up is going directly over that lane of traffic that's going the other way So I have to be careful and slow down when there's traffic coming towards me and there's a snowdrift even like this That's just a little baby one But there's some bigger ones uh when there's snowdrifts like this because when I drive over them I kick up snow and I give a white out to all the drivers going in the opposite direction as me Passing me right then that could cause an accident going the other way. We don't want that So there's not much we can do about it, but you know, we can at least slow down And kick up a little bit less snow make our poof a little less poofy See here we go like this this guy You've got a plow on there. Look at my mirror how it's just a white out beside me And he's gone Hope you're okay, bud The best I can do is just slow down and kick up less snow for them And hopefully they slow down as well What else is there right? Visibility is good for me. I mean now i'm up higher. I'm in the truck Got good traction Now these cars coming towards me here. They don't uh, I'm not too worried about them There's no loose snow on the road that I'm kicking up Should be fine. Have a good day there. Have a good day Manitoba, man Too sure making up for all the last few winters that we didn't get much snow at all It's all coming now Just never stocks All white everything you see except for the road right here It's like i'm in another universe or something Can't see nothing can't see where i'm going. Can't see what's over there. Can't see what's behind me Just the road Leading through the white nothingness Welcome to manitoba finish delivering this load first thing in the morning. So this is the next morning friday right now march 11th 2022 And i'm in great falls manitoba Not too sure. I think I have to deliver two crates. I have two crates on my trailer for him I think I have to bring into one of these buildings over here I'm not really sure deliveries Signer there's a delivery this way Visitors that way Well, what if i'm both i'm a delivery guy and a visitor I'm a visiting delivery guy Oh, yeah, there's a big propeller here. Oh someone lost their propeller. Oh dear There's another big hydroelectric dam over here That's where the power for my lights comes from well part of it There's a lot of dams up here in manitoba. That's how we produce our energy here Almost all completely. I think it's 99% or maybe even 100% hydroelectric power. Where are we gonna go? I have to find somebody. I don't see anybody around here No vehicles here. I see all the vehicles down there I'm probably delivering to that building there, but how do I get there? Maybe there's a driveway over here Got a lot of snow last night again, of course we did had a blizzard overnight It looks like they've already cleared this at one point. It's building up again though Oh, yeah, that's where I want to go down there Oh, that's a cold wind. Thanks. Why do I have my window open? That's silly. Is this where I want to go? There's a gate here Huh phone by the gate. It's kind of on the downhill slope I don't want to go down there and then have to back up. I might not be able to back up the hill I don't really have a choice, do I? I always find hydroelectric dams just amazing. What an amazing feat of engineering, right? Like how do you do that? How do you do that? You know if we were hit by an asteroid and I was left on earth with like a thousand other people I wouldn't know how to do that It looks like there's some kind of phone or something right here I'm gonna get ahold of somebody here and then I'll figure this out


What's going on, everyone? Sam here at Layton Sports Garage. I've been 22, Canadian National Treasures, football hobby, four box, full case break, number 13. Cured random team style. Here's a look again at your random results. As always, you can find those on the website, under the results tab, as well as the link that's in the chat. Good luck. Here we go. Hit a nasty laundry tag in one-on-one last break. Let's see if we can continue. One-on-one counter is now at three. We've hit three one-of-ones today. One RPA, one Nike Swoosh, and one dual laundry tag. So we need a shield now. The shield is what we're looking for now. But I saw a trash can in the video clip. Oh. Let me put it back just a little bit. Quite the throw right there. I have no idea, Hope. No idea. No idea. Oh, they take this one the wrong way. Take this one horizontally. Come on. Really? Empty-empty. How are we up, Taylor? It's going to be A. Sean Watson in 99 for the Browns. Chris Jones. That's pretty cool to 49. This is a cool one here for the Rams. 28 to 49. Bobby Wagner. Nice B-wags for the Rams. Two-color patch. It's going to be a Jamar Chase to 49 for the Bengals on the Jersey card. We've got a cool one here to 49. That is a Tyler Lockett. Claire Warren. Two-color patch. Yeah, I don't think we don't have them up for personals yet. I don't think, Hope. I think they will be soon though. I think they will be soon. Got a Kenny Pickett. Dual patch. Nine of 25. Nice one there for the Steelers. That's Pittsburgh. Got two 49. That is going to be a Heinz Ward. Ten of 49 Jersey Auto on card. Claire Warren for the Steelers. Really cool one here. That is going to be numbered 20 of 25. That is Seth Joiner. Four-color patch auto for the Eagles. Nice one here. 21 to 25. That is a Barry Sanders. Going to the Lions. Congrats, Detroit. And then four of 99. Jersey Ball Auto. NFL gear. Christian Watson. Going to the Packers. Nice one there. Green bag. Yeah, they sold out I think in 20 minutes on Penini's website. Probably even quicker than that. Yeah, there's some cool vets in that one. Joiner, Heinz Ward, and Barry. That was cool. That was a nice little box right there. See, now this one is taped correctly. That is a Ben Roblesburg. 999. We've got now two 10. One of 10 with Damian Tomlinson for the Chargers. Oh, I'm sure. Positive that people have bots for it for sure. We've got 10 of 49. Khalil Mack. Nice one there. That is for the Chargers. Again, guys, on the PYT, we are at five to go. Five to go on our first PYT. Just in with the Chiefs and 24. Scott M. The TCPA spot. 33 of 49. Zeke Elliott. Two color patch. Player Warren for the Cowboys. And it's going to be a Trey McBride. 22 of 25 for the Cardinals. Tremendous treasures. We've got triple Jersey for the Rams. Of Aaron Donald, Jalen Ramsey, Bobby Wagner to 99. That's cool. Not associated. Rookie Otto. That is going to be a Perry and Winfrey to 35 for the Browns. Browns again. Jersey Otto is going to be Ozzie Newsom to 99. An Ozzie we trust. Legendary Ravens GM for the Browns. Player Warren. Okay, Maggie's next, too. 29 of 99. Isaiah Spiller. True RPA. They're just... It's terrifying. Just gets a lot of steam. Can't even see through the window. You can add this one and the next one. Nice one here going to the Lions. 16 of 25. Jameson Williams. Three color and ball patch. Congrats, Detroit's going to Ryan Jeep. Here you go, Ryan. Very nice. Oh, whoa. There was a card on the bottom there. It's like, hot. It's like sleeved already. I know you guys can see that. It's a Chris O'Lave. Here's the card here. There we go. Yeah, it's already sleeved. Chris O'Lave on the Treasure Hunt. Five of 25. That's sick, dude. Hell yeah. Congrats on that, Saints. Very nice. There we go. We got it out. Perfect. Thank God we got it out. That's awesome. That's awesome. They're hidden in the boxes. That was cool. I like that. That's a good, that's a, that's a cool addition right there. The Treasure Hunts. Gotta be super careful now. A gram of silver. Wow. Nice. Gotta make sure there's no Treasure Hunt in that one again. Justin Herbert to 99. I'll get Ryan out of here. Platinum one-on-one and gold 10 of 10. Interesting. That is Aaron Donald to 99. Steve. Steve. That is Alvin Kamata, 15 of 25. Three color patch. That is a Jahan Dotson to 49 for the commanders. Up next, that is a Zach Ertz to 49. Fireworn for the Cardinals. We've got a nice one here. Three color patch to 49. Patch Mahomes. Century materials. Congrats, Chiefs. Very nice, very nice. Missed him, Mahomes. Cam Jergens. That is gonna be to 99. That's the next one's sick. That next one's really cool. Going to the Titans. We've got to 25. That is gonna be a Prime Pairings, Warren Moon, and Earl Campbell. The Oilers there. Going to Tennessee. Congrats, Titans. You can make this the next one, Sean. Three of 85. That is gonna be Trey McBride on the RPA. The Jersey number. And you can make the one after as well. And another one, similar to the Williams. We've got Breece Hall. Two of 25. Three color and ball patch. Congrats on that, Jets. Very nice. Empty, empty. No card in there, luckily. Again, guys, five to go on our PYT here. Got the Jag... No, four to go. Jags, Saints, Jets, and Seahawks all available. Jags, Saints, Jets, and Seahawks. Four to go. We send out Hitless Packs, Jeffrey. We'll send out Hitless Packs in your order as well. The next one here. Very pretty solid case, actually, is Justin Jefferson. Treasured moments to 99. Catch of the Year. Bikings. Got a David Montgomery to 32 for the Bears on the Jersey number parallel. Got the Bears. Next up is gonna be a Framed Fabric of Dawson Knox to 49 for the Bills. We've got a Jamar Chase, A.J. Green, T.J. Hoosman Zata and Chad Johnson to 99. That's sick. Player worn, A.J. Green on that. Grats on that. Bangles. That's cool on the Quad. Next up is Trayvon Diggs. Trayvon Diggs to 99 for the Cowboys Century Materials. Vonna like this one. We've got Jags Quad. That is gonna be Trevor Lawrence, Christian Kirk, Travis Etienne Jr., and Evan Ingram for the Jacksonville Jaguars. You can have this next one. 15 of 49. That is RPA of Derrick Stingley Jr., going to the Texans. That's on that Houston. This is cool right here. It's gonna be Mark Gaston, though. That is gonna be 19 of 99 signatures, part of the New York Sac Exchange. Grats, Jets. Next up, we've got 13 of 25. That is gonna be Kyle Hamilton. Three color and a, it's called ball patch. And a dude, what a way to end it again. 47 of 99. True RPA. Kenny Pickett. Number three on the day of a Pickett RPA. Congrats, Pittsburgh. Going to Heim AD. There you go, my friend. Back to back cases with a Pickett in it now. That's awesome, dude. Get that into a mag for you. Big time, KP. Empty, empty. Jaguars Quad. Trayvon Diggs. Bengals Quad. Dawson Knox. Patrick Mahomes. A Zach Erts, Johan Dotson, Alvin Kamara. Triple for the Rams. Tray McBride. Zeke Elliott. Khalil Mack. Kenny Pickett. Tyler Lockett. Bobby Wagner. Jamar Chase. Autos, we had Kyle Hamilton. Mark Gaston, Warren Moon and Earl Campbell-Dool. Cam Jurgens. Ozzie Newsome. Perrion Winfrey. Barry Sanders to 25. Seth Joyner and Heinz Ward. Magged Guards. We have... Oh, Lord. Isaiah Spiller to 99. We had a Tray McBride to 85. To 49, Derek Stingley. Add a Christian Watson to 99. That is going to be Jameson Williams to 25. Reese Hall to 25. And Kenny Pickett to 99. I'll do it for the break, everybody. Thanks again for the fill. Up next is tiered number 14.


now what this is going to do is that these people are going to come up they are going to talk for a minute because we've got shed loads of them to get through and then they are going to pass the baton which is the microphone to the next person so this is going to be a bit like an olympics sprint okay so this is a bit like the olympics sprint and if you drop the baton then your team loses basically okay right so the first one go come on Cymru. Speed, speed, speed! Yes, my name is John Pacific. I'm a cryptographic engineer with a company called New Cipher. Briefly I'm going to speak about what we're doing with threshold proxy re-encryption. We're building a decentralized and distributed key management system for both consumer and enterprise grade. And we're using proxy re-encryption to empower something called Ursula, like between Alice and Bob, where Alice will generate a re-encryption key, split it using a Cymru secret sharing, distribute the fragments to Ursula's of N number, and then Bob can use his key to re-encrypt his Cypher text fragment for himself, and retrieve an M of N and combine them. Time out, let's go! Leave this way, quickly leave that way. Hi, I'm Angel Bertini. I crafted the PDF colliding files for Shawan. I work also on Malice's Shawan. So I like to play with five formats. I'm cryptography. I don't understand crypto much. I crafted a PDF that when you encrypt it with 3DS becomes a valid JPEG, which we encrypt with AES, it becomes a valid PNG. I'm doing a PDF latex package so that you can include that in all your next cryptographic papers so that they have some inner beauty. And if you have any crypto trick that you want to share, I don't understand much crypto, but if you have crypto tricks, I have file tricks. Thank you for your attention. I'm Bart Prinell from the University of Leuven. Real-world crypto is also about politics. And European Commission has released a statement last September saying that encryption in Europe will not be prohibited, weakened or restricted. But the same statement says that they're going to pay 96 extra people for Europol, that they encourage the countries to collaborate on a toolbox for alternative investigation methods. Are these zero days? Who should check all this stuff? If you want to discuss this together with Harry Halpin, the next project in the ECUPE CSA, we have a workshop in Brussels on January 22 and 23. In Brussels, please come and see me or Harry. We're going to discuss crypto politics in Europe. There are still a few speaking thoughts available. Please come and join us to discuss with the lawyers, people who discuss GDPR, people in the open source community, the commission to discuss what we should do with crypto in Europe. Hello everyone. My name is Marc Joa. I just want to let you know that NXP is hiring. We have several positions in our Crypto and Security Innovation Centre. We have job openings across Europe. So it is Germany, Austria, France, Belgium, UK, the Netherlands and also in the US. So if you want to have more information, so just please come to see me or my colleagues here. Thank you. Hello, my name is Yuval Yorom. I'm from the University of Adelaide, Australia. I wanted to give a head up on two events if I managed to put in one minute. The first one is Kanga Crypt that's a workshop about attacks on cryptography, whatever way you can break it. That's what we're interested in. It will take place in Adelaide in the fourth largest wine cellar in the southern hemisphere just after Asia Crypt. The second is if you are not doing attacks and you still want to do cryptography around December, is Space 2018 will take place in Cagapur in India. So we're looking forward for your words. Hi, I'm Tony Oresiri. I'm the primary author of Miscreant, a symmetric encryption library providing non-srease misuse resistance available in C-Sharp, Go, Python, Ruby, Rust and TypeScript. It also has a CAVI for CNC++ and plans to implement in Java and PHP. It uses three constructions all originally designed by Phil Rogaway. The first is AES in synthetic initialization vector mode. The second is a fully parallelizable variant of that, which substitutes PMAC for CMAC. Finally, it implements a construction called stream. So those last two constructions are offline modes. Stream turns them into online modes. That sounds interesting to you. Check it out at miscreant.io. Hi, so I'm Catril Cohn-Gordon. So yesterday you heard about how group messaging is kind of broken. We've been looking at how to make group messaging better in the signal style. Signal does continuous sort of ratcheting things where it derives new keys and mixes them in to the root chain to derive message keys out. You can't do that naively in a group because if you go and grep through the literature for group messaging all the protocols you find are interactive.  Turns out actually this isn't necessary. There are non-interactive ways to derive a shared group key and you can use that to do something kind of like ratcheting, but in group messaging. So if you're interested, Google on end-to-end encryption. We want to build something that's really practical for people to use. So we're talking to companies as well to understand constraints and what people want to build. If you're interested, come talk to me. Hi, I'm George Tankersley. If you were here last year you might have seen my talk about anonymous rate limiting using blind signatures aimed at solving the cloudflare capture problem. Essentially you can solve one capture and receive tokens that you can redeem instead of solving future captures. I'm happy to report that this is now a thing that exists in the real world. It's called Privacy Pass and you can go get it on the Chrome Web Store. Thanks mostly to Alex Davidson from Royal Holloway. Yeah, who is great? So we updated the protocol from one in the talk to use Elliptic Curve OPRFs, which Dan suggested literally as we were walking off stage last year. And it's faster and more bandwidth efficient than you would expect Blind RSA to be. So once again that's Privacy Pass and you can go download it and install it in your browser right now and solve fewer captures while you're using Tor and VPNs. Hello, my name is Marcel. I'm a product security engineer for Qualcomm. We're also one of the sponsors indicated by the queue on the bottom. If you're interested in pursuing a career in product security, please find me and we can talk about options. Thank you. Hi, my name is Milofeining. I work at Philips Research and I want to announce today yet another good library for using crypto in Python. It's called PySnark and it's for programming verifiable computations and making ZK Snarks in Python. So yesterday we heard a lot about how you can use ZK Snarks, for instance, for privacy preserving transactions on the blockchain and for zero knowledge contingent transactions. But there's also other uses and the problem today is that it's quite hard to specify verifiable computations and PySnark changes that. You can just program them in Python and automatically there will be a proof and there will even be an automatically generated smart contract to verify that proof. If you're interested, go to PySnark.tk or find it on GitHub. Hi, I'm Jack Rigg. I'm an engineer with Zcash but I also work on a little thing called I2P, a privacy network that does onion routing stuff. Two years ago I talked about how fun we had migrating away from SHA1 in our signatures. We're about to do all that stuff again for some of our other protocol layers. So if you are interested in transport layer stuff, in particular obliviousness extensions to the noise protocol or writing Sphinx packet format libraries, come talk to me. Hello everyone, I'm Nicolas Gaill. I work at TPFL and today I want to talk to you about randomness. So as you know, randomness is very hard to get and in our lab we are not happy with it. So we devised decentralized beacon randomness which offers bias resistance and public verifiability. So this is called our latest advancement in this project. It's called DRAN. It's a software written in Go. You can check it out online, github.com.gd.d slash DRAN. And it's already ready to use. You can spin up a few decors and have a very good randomness. And if you want to know more about this, come talk to me. Bye. Hello, so I'm Mark of CoalWise. Some of you may know me from being a researcher as Microsoft Research and also from my work on Meteorless which won the left-chimp prize. So I'm now a faculty at the University of Edinburgh where I will try to bring the same rigor to blockchain and cryptocurrencies. I'm here to kind of say that we want to hire even more faculty to work in areas like this and I'm also looking personally for a number of students and postdocs to work on co-knowledge, snarks, blockchain privacy. And I'm also interested in doing more politics now at the new university. We seem to be doing very well. So we're now going to give the people who decide to come in later a little bit extra time. So they're now going to have one minute ten seconds each. Thanks Nigel. My name is Mike Ward. I work at Mastercard. I want to say a couple of things about EMV crypto. We are considering including ECC as well as RSA and to be obviously algorithm agile. We're going to be using Schnorr signatures for the card publicly certificates and Blinded Diffie Helman for creating a secure channel. I'm pleased to report that Blinded Diffie Helman has just recently been published as an ISO standard. It's patented, but the license is free. So that's for face-to-face transactions. For e-commerce, EMV Curve just published the 3D Secure 2.0 specifications. They're available on the website. They basically use TLS 2.0 minimum and the Hose standard as per IETFRFC 7516. Thank you. I'm Brent Zundell. I want to talk about the Sovereign Ledger. It's a global public utility for identity and verifiable claims. It's an implementation of INDI, which is a project at Hyper Ledger INDI from the Linux Foundation. It's live. It's operating worldwide with a network of nodes running a Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus protocol. It's an anchor point for digital identity that doesn't rely on a single trusted third party or require any centralized data silos. We allow verifiable anonymous digital credentials and a flow of data that puts information back into the hands of the people it belongs to. The verifiable credentials that are issued allow people to selectively disclose minimal pertinent data and proven zero-knowledge-only predicate values about their attributes. Many of this sounds interesting to you. Come talk to me. Hello. My colleagues and myself from Indian Statistical Institute and Sinvesta of IP in Mexico have proposed a disk encryption scheme called FAST, which is the fastest disk encryption available today with provable security. It is faster than both the IEEE standards of disk encryption. Moreover, we have also instantiated it for a more general scheme where the message can have a variable number of... I mean, it can have arbitrary length, and the tweak can have a variable number of... It can be a vector with an arbitrary number of components, which is exactly the case for Aadhar, popular Aadhar of India, and hopefully it will be considered by Indian government for Aadhar someday. So the software implementation is available in GitHub, and the paper is available in print if you are interested with reference number 849. Thank you. So I'm Mike Lauder. I'm from Evernim. Giving up here is called cryptographic anxiety. But I have been working on at Evernim a decentralized key management system that will be using Sovereign, where users can manage their keys and create a diffused web of trust for discovering keys, rotating their keys, sharing their keys, creating relationships. If any of that sounds interesting to you, where all of that is in the hands of the user and actually fixes GP, come talk to me. Hi. My name is Alrunen. I want to talk about joint work with Moni Nor and Benny Pincus called How to Not Share a Password. We want to solve the following problem. Service provider wants to find and blacklist popular passwords that are used by a large fraction of its users, and while still protecting the privacy of the user's passwords, even if the server itself is compromised. Such popular passwords can not only compromise individual users, but the whole ecosystem, like we've seen in the recent Mirai attack. Moreover, malicious attackers that control a subset of the users might want to try to hide these popular passwords in a protocol. We propose a novel technique for finding heavy eaters that is resilient to such malicious adversaries. We can also use this protocol for other possible malicious settings like Tor Network, and we are looking for a new test case. If you have something that you want to collect information in a safe and malicious resistant manner, please contact me. The full paper is available on input. Thank you. Hello, people. I'm George, and I work on the Tor Network. We recently launched the next generation of onion services. It includes some fancy crypto tricks, like distributed random number generation, blinded EDD 25.519 keys, and differential privacy for statistics. It's not like crazy Tesla stuff, but it's definitely real world, and it's definitely crypto, and it definitely works on the real internet right now. In the future, we're going to do more stuff like this. We're going to do post quantum key exchanges. We're going to do secure name systems. We're going to do various other stuff. If you like this sort of stuff, please get in touch. I will be at the conference today. Hi, my name is Astra, and I studied elliptic curves and modular forms, and I like crypto, so I wrote a little limerick about elliptic curves. I'm really nervous, but there once was a smooth curve in FP, projective it is, and no cost beyond this, with a point at infinity for use in cryptography. You see? We prefer this kind of stuff to all this kind of stuff about cracking. Give us some more jokes. Right, go. I'm a bit nervous after this kind of fun stuff, but still, I'm Gaurav Bansodd. I'm from India. I've done a bit work on the lightweight crypto systems. I've designed recently a new block cipher called as ANU, which means atom, which is small in size but has a greater strength. We got unbelievable results that it consumes very less power as compared to the very popular cipher called as present. If just typed on the Google ANU lightweight cipher, you'll find it's open access, and my theory is keep learning and keep bashing. Thank you. Good afternoon. My name is Leon. I'm with PEP, which stands for Pretty Easy Privacy, and with PEP, we want to introduce privacy by default and basically do that for e-mail and then messaging and SMS. So PEP wants to do basically what Skyped it for voiceover IP, make it easily accessible to everybody automatically. And PEP is all open source with code reviews. It is multi-crypto and fully compatible with SMIME and PGP and then basically improves security from there. So for version 2.0, it's planned to integrate GNUnet to also provide metadata anonymisation. Today it's ready to pilot with Outlook, Android and Thunderbird. An iOS version is coming soon. And it can also solve issues in apps or IoT, like for example the need to have end-to-end encrypted messages for Swift, for example. So some very interesting announcement concerning our collaboration with GNU-PG will be coming shortly. And if you're interested in piloting or partnering, just contact me here or email me at leon at PEP-security.net. OK, so if anyone, everyone's come up and they're giving like websites or people to contact or whatever. If you have given a lightning talk and some are still left, we will. If you just post on Twitter what your lightning talk was about and any contact details, then everyone knows. So use Twitter as a bulletin board. Oh, and the hashtag is hash real world crypto, not RWC. Remember, that's the Rugby World Cup. This is not... We could do some rugby on the station, maybe not.  Hello, I'm Geoff Burgess. I work at Inria. I do some things with mixed networks. In particular, some things around trying to make the key exchanges post-quantum, that's much trickier than you would expect. Come talk to me if you're interested in that. Also, I've done some work on a project called Taller, which is a... It's essentially David Chom's e-cash, but modernized, and there's a nice zero-knowledge proof in it that the money is not being transferred in... Sorry, that the money is not being transferred in some sort of illicit way. Anyway, come talk to me if you're interested in actually efficient anonymized transactions. All right, I'm Agiles Gagias and I'm at the University of Edinburgh and IOHK. So, as we heard from Marklwf Colwais just a few minutes ago at Edinburgh, we are hiring at pretty much every possible level. So, we have an assistant professor position open. We have a PhD student position open and also postdoctoral researchers. So, if you're interested, talk to me or Marklwf Colwais or Vasili Ziggas, we're all here. And next, IOHK. So, we're also hiring at IOHK. If you're interested in working on real-world blockchain systems, come talk to me anytime during the day today. Thank you. These academics always putting out job adverts. It's terrible, isn't it? I would never do that. Hi, I'm Rob Percival and with Google's certificate transparency team. I just want to talk about an open-source project that we've been working on, which currently powers a number of certificate transparency logs and key transparency as well. So, it's an extension and generalization of the ideas behind certificate transparency. We have a number of local trees, but much bigger. So, it scales up to billions of leaves. The idea being that we want to be able to hold all the certificates ever issued and issued for the foreseeable future. But we've generalized it as well so you can put anything in there. It doesn't have to be certificates. It could be binary blobs, it can be public keys, anything like that. You can run it in a log mode or map mode so you can have an account. It's cryptographically verifiable so know what the log operator or anyone else can't go back and delete anything or modify anything without it being obvious to outside observers. The map mode allows you to do key to value mapping. Again, you can verify that the history hasn't been tampered with. For example, if you're using that for public keys for instant messaging the public key hasn't been changed at any point by any attacker. You can look back and see yes, only the public keys I knew about have been used. There are plenty of use cases for this since we've generalized it so if anyone is interested in using it for anything firmware transparency for example come find me. Double act. Hello, I'm Nadim Kobaisi and I'm the CEO of the company in Paris and Q53. I'm a shirt in Sweden. Great. Working together we discovered a vulnerability in thunderbird and enigmail. If you're using PGP in thunderbird enigmail you should know that until a few months ago there was a bug that would allow for the full man in the middle and the encryption of all PGP traffic. This is a combination of two bugs. One is the hijacking attack also known as a homo-glyff attack. A homo-glyff attack. But anyway with their powers combined they are captain planet and they can hijack PGP so the bugs were fixed and you can read up more about the details of the vulnerability on the enigmail website which is the PGP extension for thunderbird. Thank you. Thank you. I'll just start while they get the microphone back. This is a brief announcement for the security standardisation research conference to be held in Darmstadt, Germany in December 2018. This is a conference with proceedings seeking all contributions in the area of security standards or if you break standards, comment on standards, proposed new standards and so on. Program coaches are Kass Grimers and Anja Lehmann who is running this event here. Call for Papers will be out soon. Submission deadline will be around June. Thank you. Greg Rose from a little start-up company called Allocrypt based in sunny San Diego USA. In the real world people like to make money out of crypto and I don't mean bitcoin. If there are any people out there who want to invest their hard-earned bitcoin wealth in a start-up we're accepting we have a round open for investment. If you want to invest your bitcoin wealth in supporting next year's conference then please let us know and we will also accept bitcoins to support real world crypto. Last night so you can invest your bitcoins in real world crypto soon. Thank you. My name is Benink Burns and I'm from Stanford and I quickly want to advertise our new paper bullet proofs which Andrew talked a little bit about yesterday because it can make range proofs a lot shorter but bullet proofs can do a lot more so they're general zero knowledge proofs for arithmetic circuits just like a snark and just like a snark the bullet proofs are short but they don't have a trusted set up so you don't need the whole ceremony or anything the downside where a snark is that verification takes a lot longer than a snark but there's lots of applications for this outside of range proofs or outside of the world of cryptocurrencies and so for example verifiable shuffles or if you have any sort of more complicated zero knowledge proof where you might use a sigma protocol you're probably better off using bullet proofs which also only relies on the discrete log assumptions so google bullet proofs on eprint or crypto.stanford.edu slash bullet proofs or come talk to me if you have any sort of application for this. Thank you. Hi my name is Robert and I'm from the UN University Bochum and one and a half years ago we released the TS attack to a TS attacker and I only wanted to inform you that in the last one and a half years we highly improve the protocol attacker and that you can check out the newest version on github TS attacker 2.3 at the moment and if you're interested in attacking TS attack implementations or just want to deploy your attack check it out or talk to me. Hello. So I work for the company that is up there in the middle, ARM my name is Roberto Alansi and I'm going to tell the PhD students and the postdocs among you that we are hiring both in ARM research and in the architecture team of which I am part we are looking for people that fulfill two requirements the first one you have to like scotch whiskey the second one you're interested in one or more of the following fields all aspects of cryptography especially those that might get us money architecture security micro architecture security hardware security so if you want to try something really cool talk to me OK oh one more one more oh someone's sneaking in at the end it's alright don't worry my name is my name is Manish Mela and I'm from Netflix we have a very extensive TLS used inside our company one of the things that we were bothered by was the failure of most of the browsers to do the name constraints in the certificates properly I think yesterday somebody talked about you know how TLS clients are basically not performing verification one of the things you do is basically do the name constraints anyway so we have a website called bettertls.com which basically came up as part of this frustration we originally wanted to name it name constraints because people don't do it right but it basically has a set of test suits that you can run your clients through and basically see how well you do so hopefully that will help people make a perform the name constraint properly in the TLS connections thank you very much ok so let's thank all of those speakers once more


International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations. It serves as a framework for the practice of stable and organized international relations. International law differs from state-based legal assistance in that it is primarily applicable to countries rather than to private citizens. National law may become international law when treaties delegate national jurisdiction to supranational tribunals such as the European Court of Human Rights or the International Criminal Court. Treaties such as the Geneva Conventions may require national law to conform to respective parts. Such of international law is consent-based governance. This means that a state member is not obliged to abide by this type of international law, unless it has expressly consented to a particular course of conduct. This is an issue of state-solved fronty. However, other aspects of international law are not consent-based but still are obligatory upon state and non-state actors such as customary international law and predatory norms.


Statistics and Excel. Combining two histograms on one chart. Part number one. Get ready. Take it a deep breath. Holding it in for 10 seconds. Looking forward to a smooth, soothing Excel. Here we are in Excel. If you don't have access to this workbook, that's okay because we'll basically build this from a blank worksheet. But if you do have access to this workbook, three tabs down below. Example, practice blank. Example, in essence, answer key. Practice tab, having pre-formatted cells so you can get right to the heart of the practice problem. Blank tab, just having the data within it so we can practice formatting cells as we work through the practice problem. Also note, if you don't have access to the data set, you can take a look at Kaggle K-A-G-G-L-E dot com as a source to look for some sample data sets. This one's related to height. We're going to go to the tab on the left.