Hey everybody, welcome back to Linuxcast. I'm your host Matt. I'm joined by Tyler. How are you doing Tyler? Doing good doing good. So this is the Linuxcast we talked about Linux I don't know if that was an obvious choice or not, but we probably should have put something else in the title Anyway, so we were off last week because somebody and I won't say who switched to Gentoo The question is are you still on Gentoo? How long did Gentoo last? Gentoo lasted for I think a day and a half. I'm pretty sure it was day and a half. I Actually stuck with it for longer than I have ever stuck with Gentoo before Well, you've made it farther than I have I've never successfully installed it So I Don't know if I will I so I have a patreon goal like you know how you can set goals and patron patron Say when you get to this level I'm out of money. You'll do this thing I have a goal for $350 a month To install Gentoo. I said it as high as I thought I could with getting away with it Because I don't know if I ever want to do it or not But I was like be careful man There will be people who donate just solely to see you suffer. Yeah, I don't think that's gonna happen But I guess I'll take their money It'll be an all-night stream because I'll have to start at midnight because the last time I tried to install Gentoo Whatever reason it ate my entire house bandwidth. My entire family was out in the living room Just yelling to the internet was so slow because I was apparently downloading Gigabytes and gigabytes of something. I don't even know something was obviously not wrong. It was weird. Anyways, so Tyler What have you done this week in Linux? well Actually, I haven't really been doing that much in Linux this week Other than leaving Linux, I am now a Linux trader. I am an open BSD user and Loving it If if there is absolutely any questions you have about my experience with open BSD, please ask away It's been it's been fantastic How are you going to develop your game on open BSD? That's a good question. I don't know to be completely honest I have a feeling that instead of using something like Godot. It's gonna require me actually using like a completely like more Instead of using an actual Game engine in the typical way that people think about game engines. I'll probably have to use like a game library Something like a C library or a C sharp library something like that to essentially do a lot of the stuff that I want to do It's good. Does Python work on open BSD? As far as I know it does I don't I'm There's a lot of like pi game and pie charm and stuff like that I I don't know anything about Python, but I know there's gaming stuff for Python So that could be an option for you Yeah, I I don't know I mean I do know Python, but I mean if I have a preference To be honest, I am now more inclined to Take on the challenge of learning developing a game and just see That sounds really interesting to me. I'm it's a huge undertaking, but I Don't know. I feel like it'll be worth worth the time But just in case if anyone's watching this and they're like hey I would like to know how what what stuff it doesn't work in in open BSD. That's a good question This right here doesn't work in open BSD for some ungodly reason this thing right here Just shits the bed all the time for the audio listeners. He's holding up his is Blue Yeti microphone. Yeah It's very weird like the way audio devices video devices work and how you interact with them on open BSD is very simple very straightforward However, this device here I can earth the blue Yeti again for those who are listening it works sort of if I'm So essentially the way open BSD works is the internal sound card on my laptop here goes to the default device as it should make sense however, while it's the Default device I cannot specify with all cats which is what she used for recording on open BSD or any other Program I can't specify it to use the way open BSD works is like there's S&D slash zero That's your default device and then other devices USB devices whatever go on top of that So this device plugged in should be S&D slash one, but yeah, it don't work There's a command that you can run to make the USB devices Essentially go into the default device like become the default device and then when they're unplugged the internal comes back to the default If I do that I can record with this thing the only minor issue is I can only record for about 45 seconds It's gonna have the I'm just gonna say this right now You wouldn't have these problems on Linux, but then that's not true because you have plenty of problems on Linux, too I was about to say I mean I had multitude of problems with pulse Multitudes of problems the the one thing that I will say Even though my mic here is finicky There's a real easy workaround But the main thing is is I was Stunned when I booted into open BSD and Literally, I installed Firefox opened it launched a video. There was no screen tearing I did not have Pycom running no screen tearing and the audio just magically started playing at a decent audio volume What the hell man? How can Linux not get that right? I find it utterly hilarious that as you were talking about the merits and Awesomeness open BSD you looked like a Japanese movie because your lips are moving and your audio was about five seconds to late It was hilarious it caught up eventually, but Yeah, not necessarily the best advertisement for open BSD right there Yeah, I I'm like 99% sure I have to do some extra setup for my other webcam to work the internal one here I have no idea, but I can get way better I mean it's still it's a shitty with laptop laptop webcam like let's not kid ourselves But I can't get much better quality out of it Specifying different options using something like ffmpeg or something like that I can get better audio or video quality out of it But I mean obviously discord is not gonna not not gonna give me any settings for that I mean come on now. It's just gonna default whatever crappy setting open BSD defaults it to So yeah, but It works Well, I'm happy credit there. Do you so what do you think the chances are of you being on open BSD a week from now? It's Probably very very likely. I I don't see myself switching for a quite a while. I really like it Okay, I'm gonna put a bet on it that you won't be on there I'm not gonna put any money towards it. That'd be silly But the reason why is mostly to have to do it because I know you like the game and you said there were some games on open BSD But you have an entire steam library that's just gonna be sitting over there Collecting dust and you've paid all this money for these lovely steam games over the last how many ever years and you can't play any of those You're gonna you're not Technically wrong However, I will go ahead and say that it You can definitely run into problems. There is a little bit of minor setup but I will say I'm gonna be doing either a video or a live stream doing it, but you can use live game streaming on Open BSD to essentially use g-force now Xbox live stuff like that. Yeah, I suppose that could work because g-force now would tie into your entire Steam library. So that would actually work Now again, I will totally agree with you It's still don't have access to my steam like in all truest senses. That'd be so much I've looked at open BSD, but I don't think I could ever switch to it for daily driver There's just so much stuff there that I like I use OBS and I rely on a lot of the features of OBS in order to actually work I can't just record Yeah Just the screen or whatever I had to have all this other stuff to go on with so I'd miss OBS I would probably miss things like a native discord client because there's not one And I'd probably miss things like to-do list and Zim and all the applications that I use every day So I think Linux has my heart and will probably remain with it all right, so After I just sat there and proclaimed my love for Linux So we hadn't we didn't do a pod last week So I didn't get a chance to talk about my experiences with Microsoft Edge. So I switched I I have so I got fed up with Firefox because there are several websites on Firefox They just won't render and that's just because it's so unpopular The web developers don't go through and test their websites in Firefox. They have no reason to there's like 12 people use Firefox You know being real you're right there, you know what I mean? I like it like there's so few of us that use Firefox so they have no reason to test I mean most of them do but there There are a few websites that just wouldn't render so I got sick of it and There are several other things too like it was taking a ton of memory and it was also going through and It was just slow sometimes. So I was like Screw this I'm gonna I'm gonna hop something different and I was listening to the Ubuntu podcast and Alan Pope was talking about How he uses Microsoft Edge is his main browser and he was talking about how they have vertical tabs How they have this feature where if you don't use a tab for a while It actually goes to sleep and takes everything that tab would normally do out of memory Like it just doesn't use memory at all. It just goes completely to sleep and like, you know, I May have 64 gigabytes of memory but I like that feature because then I can use it on my laptop and stuff that would door I don't have 64 gigabytes of memory and oh, man first of all vertical tabs and in Microsoft Edge Fantastic, I mean just so good. I Like I understand. I mean, there's gonna be somebody saying well, you can get vertical tabs as an extension in Firefox Other trash.  I mean every single one. There's like five Extensions that do this. They're all bad There's only like one that you can actually customize to be usable. The rest of them are just I mean other trash And especially compared to the vertical tabs in Edge.  I mean no screen tearing I know anything like that But it's also even with smooth scrolling on in Firefox It still feels like you're going down lines like you you use your wheel and it goes down like three lines Like it's not smooth It's smoother than if you don't have smooth scrolling on where that song feels like you're pitting the page down button half the time But an edge Smooth scrolling is fantastic. So I switched to edge. I was there for like a week and a half It was and I thoroughly enjoyed it. I guess, you know It was really good.    I I mean, it's not as if like I'm mr. Beast or something like I'm this big old YouTube influencer or whatever I have four thousand subscribers, you know And I'm eternally grateful for everybody who does subscribe, but I'm still consider myself a very very small YouTuber so the fact that there are apparently people out there that care so much about what browser that I use that they would actually Actively unsubscribe from the channel be just because of that fact. I mean There are nine thousand other reasons not to subscribe to this channel or to unsubscribe to this channel And that's the one you chose. It's so weird. That's the hill. You're gonna die It's a browser, okay and if Microsoft if there's a there's a there's a gremlin at Microsoft stealing my data Because I use Microsoft Edge for a week and a half have at it. Okay, if you you know This I think that's the primary difference between me and like a whole bunch of open source guys is that I don't I'm not in this because of the privacy aspect of it Google. I use Google Docs. I have I use Gmail Google knows Everything about me.  They know they know what kind of car. I drive They know everything about me.  Um Especially when I trust okay, hold on This is a tangent here. This is tangent here. Were you about to say I trust Microsoft? You didn't let me forget that you didn't let me for it finish. I trust Microsoft more than I trust Google doesn't say much But I trust him a little more. I do actually just just a smidgen warm It's not like well Microsoft this is Fantastically trustworthy company. That's not true at all like I don't trust Microsoft at all But let's say my trust in Microsoft is zero My trust in Google's like negative hundred thousand million, you know, so You know, so Anyways, it doesn't matter like privacy was never an aspect of my browser choice because when I think about choosing a browser I want one that works, you know When you go over a liable browser, I understand When you go on when you go out buy a new car your first aspect of what car you're gonna buy is not what color it is or What brand it is?  I'm back on Firefox. Everybody can rest easy those hopefully those 20 subscribers at left Can now come back to the to the fold It's just but you know, you know, like those 20 people I mean, I mean if you think about it out of 4000, of course There's gonna be at least 20 people who will like literally never talk to you Never see anything that you hear anything that you have to say again Just because you tried edge. Oh, I've been blocked there has to be those people they're literally probably put like a Some kind of filter on their YouTube search engine or whatever. I The utter hypocrisy when they're all on YouTube like like Y'all using proprietary software on YouTube, man Like I can understand if I lost it if that if I was just on Odyssey and People got upset because I was using proprietary software Those people have a leg to stand on because you know what it's what Odyssey's all about Y'all on YouTube man Like they know all of your information and it's a good chance that most of y'all are Logged in like y'all have Google accounts vast majority of you at least maybe some of you're using new pipe, I suppose but Subscribers So it's just so it's it's weird. All right, all right, so There was something else that I was going to talk about but I don't remember what it was I'm sure I'll think about it later some something else that I was gonna rant about But like I said, I'll have to think about it. Anyways, so Oh, I was gonna talk about sway So I've been trying for like two and a half weeks now to use sway wind a manager to make a video And I've been very stubborn about it because I could just install it in a virtual machine and make a video that way But I wanted to do it on hardware But for the life of me, I can't get OBS to work in Wayland like it says in the latest release that OBS is now Wayland ready That window capture now works It don't work at least not for me and I don't know I didn't People keep keep going on about how Wayland is all ready and stuff like it's ready for primetime like no didn't know it in no No, no, it's not there yet It's getting closer. I think it's closer now than it ever has been before but that's it's been in development since what? 2012 2014, I think that's not really saying all that much So I do have a quick question though because you said you were trying to record using OBS on Wayland When you try and do a screen grab like for the entire screen, how do you just get a black image? Yeah Okay, that's what I was getting to it's weird I like you'll get that issue on Wayland But then for some ungodly reason you install fedora and install OBS there and it will work like you know That's got its own issues, but yeah, it's it's about a 90% chance that it's some kind of dependency You know thing that it needs because you know because I installed OBS in Probably DWM is probably where I installed it from so it's installing it for an XOR system And maybe there's a special package in arch that you have to download or something I don't know it's possible that I could uninstall OBS from there and I can stall it as a snap or something and it might work because or flat pack because I'm sure Fedora is probably using flat pack version. Yeah, I'm assuming So that's probably the issue They probably have some plug-in or something that you know is required in order to make it work and in which case it's still broken Yeah, you know that's my because for the vast majority of people They're gonna have the X work version installed and whatever so there's another thing for me to run up We haven't even got to the contact information. There's something else. I want to run it for a minute When you use a snap package on a system that doesn't come with snap out of the box The most annoying thing and like some I really should save this for next week's topic But I want to talk about this now when you install a snap package It puts a folder in your home directory called snap and it drives me absolutely funk markers And so every time I have to do the five top five apps of the month list There's always one of them that I have to install the snap and I almost immediately after I'm done with I have to go Delete that snap Folder, but I realized there's something else that does that too. So if you install an application that is coded in go Go does the exact same thing like I'm looking at my File manager right now and they put a folder in your home directory not a hidden folder But an actual folder like a whole directory called go and it's just there like No, don't no no don't do that to me. I hate that. I I I see that as like literally the most egregious offense as a program like if if you're gonna be made for Linux any Unix-based system Do not just create folders in the home directory like like Let's be honest.   It drives me The thing is it doesn't happen on every distro. So like Ubuntu for some reason The home of snaps the foundation of snaps doesn't do this. They don't have a snap folder in their own directory Their snap folder is hidden why this happens on Arch where snaps has to be installed is the stupidest thing ever and it I Think outside of the whole proprietary nature of snaps This one thing is what pisses me off the most about snaps and it's such a stupid thing It's like it's in my head, but my I'm my home directory outside of the hidden files are a mess I mean, I've tried to get rid of some of the hidden files, but Half the time stupid developers can't realize that we have a config file for a reason, you know Put the dot files in the config file It doesn't make any sense But and half of those you can't change they're hard-coded to be in the home directory, but The non-hidden folders in directories in my home home directory are pristine I have the desktop folder and I have a media folder. That's it Oh, and I also have the virtual machine folder or directory Those are the three top-level directories that I have in my home directory. That's it everything else is in sub directories And that's the way I want it because I want messy clean. It's very Anal-retentive. I guess is what she would say but the fact that you don't have like xdg User derse like you don't have any of the downloads folder any of that I do but I've changed them because you can change those in a folder in your configuration folder file To change them to wherever you want. So I've moved those all into my media folder So that they're again, they're in sub directories and it just works. You know, it's fine I don't know why I care, but it's still just the stupidest thing So we're now 26 minutes in And it's my fault because I got into a ranty mood I was like I'm very much of an aranty mood So I am always down for rents always I've made Saturdays the day where I'll go through and do a video. It's completely controversial, but I I Didn't do it this last last Saturday. I did died an i3 video. So I still had my rant video to do and I did it on I Think I did on Tuesday. I did a rehash of the Linux Mint one. So that was fun Surprisingly enough that one has a positive like to dislike ratio, which is way better than the original video. So Yeah, yeah, that's all I care about give me the likes, bro. Give me the likes Like an Instagram star, you know All right Anyways, you can if you want to follow us or contact us in any way you can do so in any number of ways You can follow us on Twitter at the Linuxcast you can subscribe to all of our audio feeds and stuff like that at the linuxcast.org which I Have been promising a website and I Have started the website like I've started I have the file and I have things in the file like the dot html file It's there So there's been progress.  I'm having a heart attack if you want to get in contact with us via email You can do so email at the Linuxcast.org you can support us on patreon at patreon.com Slash linuxcast you can get you can follow Tyler on Odyssey or YouTube You've been spending most of your time on YouTube now though, right? So follow him on YouTube if you're on Odyssey he is over there all this stuff is synced But most of his stuff ends up on YouTube those links will be in the video description and the podcast description below You can subscribe. I was doing so well until that last part You can subscribe to us on YouTube at youtube.com slash linuxcast Okay, so that's the contact information so every week We choose one news link item thing a big each and this week is no difference. So Tyler Why don't you tell us what's your news of the week is? Mine was from it's from slash dot and Apparently, I thought this would be a good little conversation piece here. It is a bit of news Amazon is a is apparently planning to monitor the keyboard strokes and mouse movements of customer service employees In an attempt to stop rogue work rogue workers imposters or hackers from accessing customers data Okay, this is not really that big of Of news because I mean it like really if we're being honest if you work for a major corporation You should just assume that you're getting Spied on at all times. I mean it it's reasonable to assume if you work for a major global corporation You're probably being spied on let's just be real Um, I think the the interesting part here is Do you honestly think that them essentially having a keyboard logger on all of their devices? for their Employees is that actually going to stop someone from hacking amazon?  What does that even mean? Well, I think like maybe selling company secrets to somebody else. I I don't think that they're trying to Prevent hackers from the outside to get in I'm thinking they're more thinking of information from inside the company going out, but I I wouldn't be surprised first of all I was surprised that slash dot is still a thing second of all Like I had no clue it was even still around like this thing's from the 90s. Anyways, uh um I don't think it's much of a would be much of a surprise like you said if every company doesn't actually do something like this um So I but I mean I that and the vast majority of their I mean A company that Will that logs and monitors the number of time and length of time you're in the bathroom Uh, are you surprised they're doing something like this? I mean, I'm surprised. They don't ask you what you did in the bathroom While you were there. I mean so, uh, this doesn't surprise me I mean if we're being honest It's the only reason amazon employees are now getting bathroom breaks is because they got so much backlash for so many drivers wearing diapers to work right and and As you say, let's be honest about it. They can tell what you did in the bathroom by the length of time you were in there So If you were in there for a minute, you net went number one. You went in there for longer than that. You went number two So so and if you were in there for half an hour, you were wanking so That's that so I mean they know how they know precisely what you did in the bathroom. Uh, so the fact that they're logging This podcast has gone off the rails I haven't feeling people will like it though. It's a good off the rails. Like are are we surprised? No, we're not surprised. No The the only thing though is I like my my question you would be Do you think this will because I mean like I I guess when I when I hear wrote workers imposters or hackers Like I I'm assuming like exactly what you're saying like someone in the company trying to Take data and use it maliciously But like if you think about it for a second like again most crimes like like this unless it's some Mr. Hacker man type BS It this is going to be someone like the type of employee that they're trying to stop right here as someone who like let's say Me and you had a disagreement and I really disliked you And but I worked at amazon and you ordered a package. I saw your name I saw your address and everything like if we're being honest if I for whatever reason disliked you enough I I don't need to copy the address to remember like if I'm going to do something malicious to you Having a keyboard logger and a mouse Like logger. I don't think that's going to do anything because as soon as I see that information If I want to do something bad with it I'm I probably The incentive I guess Would probably outweigh the oh, I just forgot that Important piece of information that I was going to do something nefarious with you know I think it's probably more for like industrial espionage kind of stuff for Amazon's developing things for the the next echo thing and they're Somebody decided they're going to sell that information to google or something. I don't know But that kind of information Basically what I think this is is that they're Their level of spying spying probably on their on their level of spying on their employees Has probably gotten a little bit closer to the user than what it used to be before because I'm 100% positive they probably have Like package sniffers and stuff like that installed for their Their networks and stuff that monitor the input and coming out coming for the the network traffic So they probably know if somebody sends something out over the network But this would this would allow them to monitor not that I'm defending them, but this would allow them to monitor things That people like would save to a usb port or something Or a usb key or print out or whatever So I don't know Still doesn't surprise me at all, but also wouldn't surprise me that every major tech company does this Yeah, same So now what about your article? all right, so This was actually last week, but I think we can still talk about it a little bit and So elementary 06 odin was fish release and over on your channel you try this out Uh, and you challenge several others to try it out as well And uh, I know turnip for life did I know peter did I think his name is peter, right? It's a name peter. Yep. Um peter. He did he changed his name or did he delete his channel? He deleted his channel dude. There has been so many people being like come back come back He deleted his channel because he didn't really think that he had that much to offer Um, well that makes me really sad because I don't have that much to offer him.  We all don't really look at ourselves like we've got a ton of it Like I don't I don't start making a video and think like oh, I'm going to explain something That's going to change somebody's life. Like they need to know this so Screw elementary list. Let's talk about this for a second. The wave linux youtubeing works is Dt does a video. Okay, and then brody robertson steals the topic. Okay, and then Or luke smelt smith steals the topic or really really it could be any order of this like luke Do a video and then somebody else steals the topic somebody does a video It's then is stolen and filters down to every single level of false tubers. So that's exactly how it works And if you don't think that that's the way it works You haven't been paying attention because we all steal each other's content So the fact that he thought he had nothing to offer is just silly because None of us have anything to offer Um Yeah, we're just stealing topics amongst each other that we share shit. That's it's open. It's open source ideas Man, that's the way it works. I mean if we're all being honest, we're not really Informing people as much as we are giving our opinions on stuff. That's the main thing. Exactly. Which I mean, none of us are actually directly copying like i'm not Downloading dts videos using youtube dl and reposting them on myself I think if I did that people would be able to tell the difference between what I look like and what dt looks like First of all, I got hair. Okay. I'm just I mean, there's a difference. Okay. He also he's much more tidily groomed than I ever will be so I think it would be a really funny Thing and I highly doubt we'd do this But like it if a few of us like I don't know if you've heard the term going around Again, since we've completely gone off on the tangent here I don't know if you've heard it, but there are quite a few people referring to me you a terminal for life And I there was one more person. I can't remember Dang it. I'm sorry. Whoever you are. I'm sorry. I'm forgetting your username. Anyway, um, all of us together Are like the crew they keep calling us the linux crew. I keep hearing that If if all of us did together like simultaneously like we down We all downloaded like one dt video and we perfectly Emulated it ourselves like we talked the same way paste like you watched the video and just reset everything that he did His mannerisms If we all uploaded I I feel like people would be really tripped out by that Like what's going on in the linux space, man So funny story is I did a video probably about six months ago about left window manager And at that point I was going through recycling colors for the thumbnails and on that particular day My color scheme was purple and white And it looked exactly like a dt thumbnail Except for I obviously didn't have dt on I was like I had like 10 comments people commenting on Hey, these colors look awful fully familiar like, okay. All right Man we We've gotten so far off the the the path of All right. Okay. First of all 40 minutes in 40 minutes in haven't made it to the main topic yet Uh, and I do have to stop by quarter after four. So, uh At least close thereafter. So we only got about 20 minutes left. So Elementor 6 it came out. It's terrible Uh, you shouldn't use it. I think that's no debate there Um, well, okay. So it's basically element 3 os 5 With a dark mode, which looks awesome. I mean looks so good. They did a really good job. I'm a I'm assuming that's what took them so long is that they were stealing that I mean the problem is is it looks like the add a way to dark theme It looks exactly like that or however the hell you say that name, right? It looks exactly like that So it's not as if they did something custom. It's Exactly. I mean it looks exactly like data with Hold on. I will go off here for a second. They f-ing added a dark theme That that I mean, can you tell is there one other? Is there anything else in elementary os other than a dark theme? they changed their app center from Hosting it their own repositories and using some of the ubuntu repositories To using entirely flat packs. So if you go into the app center and search for things that Don't have flat pack versions. You can't find them. So if you want to install firefox Not there you want to install obs not there you want to install all these programs that you probably want to install Not there you can you can install them from the terminal just easily you can also add flat hub to The app center somehow and you can get then get the wider range of flat hub things where firefox And obs are still there but by default that stuff's not Not possible. So basically what they did is they added a dark theme and made their app center, which was really good I mean their app center was really good in in five. They made it 100 times worse It's just it was I mean, I understand the argument behind wanting sandbox packages like flat pack and snaps I can understand it like theoretically I get my mind around I understand the security aspects of having something like that Thing, but you've made your distribution worse For the end user, okay Because if we're being honest elementary os is targeting a market of not necessarily I don't think there's many people who have been using linux for like 20 years and Choose elementary os right Yeah, their focus is on new users and that makes this even more egregious because those people aren't going to know first of all When I asked about this I asked my community about this. I didn't ask the developers when I asked about this in the community tab Uh, I got responses like well, you know, you can add flat hub to the to the app store. You can add you can Okay, I understand that I know how to do that. You know how to do that the people in my comment sections know how to do that Joshmo who's just turning to linux and have chosen elementary os is their beginning distro They don't know how to do that. They don't even know that that's an option Um, maybe let's be real. It is asinine for anyone To assume that a new user knows to go to flat hub install a package there Then it's then magically a whole bunch of software is going to appear in the that is asinine yeah, because it's That that level of discovery For for that feature is so buried By the fact that people need to know how what flat hub is they need to know how to get to flat hub They need to how to install a flat pack using I mean, it's just clicking on a button But still they know you need to know how to do all those things and the level the barrier of entry of even knowing what flat hub is is I mean We could do what we could pull who was it with a j leno that used to go out on the streets in New York City and hold up a microphone asking people stupid questions This could be one of those questions. Do you know what flat hub is 99 of people have no clue it is My grandmother uses linux Dude and she gets along just fine with it. If I tried to explain flat packs to her. I'm pretty sure I would melt her brain like My dad uses a boon to I finally got my dad on a boon to and he freaks out every time he has to enter his password when chrome starts up because chrome asks for your password So I can just imagine. Hey, you want to install that solitary game you have to but it's not in the store You actually have to go through and go to the website. It's called flat hub. You have to click on the thing and then He'd probably shoot me I'm just I mean, why did you install this hard to use and annoying operating system? and the the weirdest thing about this tyler is that elementary os 6 took a long time like this is based on Ubuntu lts 2004 They've been working on it since then so that's almost two years And we're we're coming up very close to the next lts when they're gonna have to start working on the next version of elementary os uh So, I mean they're way far behind and it feels like I mean they did a whole bunch of little stuff and this is why I mean we we don't want to write off the fact that they've Added they added a whole bunch of stuff for accessibility. They've added a new They completely rewrote the notification system and all that stuff I understand they're a very very small team Okay, we'll understand But you made your distribution worse You know, you went you went from one thing to another that took ages I mean it literally took little ages for you to do this and you The end product is worse now. Maybe in the long term This switch way from the repositories to the flat packs will work out for them. That's fine, but they're gonna gain an entirely bad reputation for not having software in their app store Which is what they were known for they were known for the app store where people could pay for applications in a way that supported developers and it was amazing and it was awesome and all this stuff and And Now half the applications that were in the app center before that were built for elementary just aren't there So for I mean, I only have one example of this is and it may have changed now because I mean they've been approving applications since the time I reviewed this but The one example I had when I tested this was planner. There's a to-do list app called planner It was developed for elementary os Not in the app center Eddie's not in there either. Eddie's a fantastic dev installer. Absolutely love it Not in there Yes, I mean it just blows my mind that you made it worse Okay, you want to you redo your code you're they had this they have this thing called code If they let's say they redid that and they made it worse in the next episode or the next install Who cares? It's an application But it's an app literally this was the thing you were known for It'd be like Elvis deciding he was going to redo his brand image and becoming country singer or a rapper or something. I don't know I mean literally a rapper is good You took what she was known for and what she did really really well And completely changed it and made it worse. I mean for all we know Elvis would have been a fantastic rmb artist Who knows but maybe but here's the thing too um I think the most egregious thing against elementary os is if you go and read their post about elementary os 6 like it is It's the most pretentious um, and like pat on the back type Article to read like it's it's really creepy to read it because it's they Very much hype themselves up and make it seem like they're doing almost everywhere throughout that documentation.  Yeah Like okay, so It's pretty right their their operating system has always been it's been pretty and that's what they've they're known for outside of the app center Is that they're Have a very good design sense and they try to enforce that design Philosophy on every application that is designed for their operating system Whether it's by them or by third party developers and that is A fine way of doing things like whatever. I don't really particularly agree with it. I think it increases lengths fragmentation, but Whatever I don't care, you know, I can still install planner on my art system It works fine You know In fact, I can install it on my art system and they can't install it on elementary less. So, you know when with uh, but um Like I said that might have changed between the whatever but my my point is Is there are certain things that? They can be proud of like they they made a pretty operating or a desktop environment, but It doesn't feel like This release is something That has enough in it to warrant that kind of rah rah We were awesome kind of thing now. Oh, yeah All that saying is that they're a very small team So I mean any when you're just a few people and you go through and make any accomplishment Congratulations. You did a good job.  Like the new notification system Way better than the old Uh, but for the vast majority of people that only see with their eyes All they're going to see is the desktop environment that looks exactly like elementary five that one It looks precisely the same unless you turn on the dark theme in which case Uh, congratulations. You have a dark theme You know, so I don't want to at the end of the day is a dark theme worth a worse user experience Right. No, I don't I I don't think so. Like I said, maybe that maybe the app store thing will get better As time goes I'm sure it will it's probably better now than it was a couple weeks ago And that's fine But the fact that I mean that and as I said, they're a small team the fact that they've added work to for themselves To try and make this transition they have to go through and approve Every single app that goes into their app store. That's not from like flat hobbits that they want to host it as a flat pack themselves They have to prove all those things and they have to do it one by one and That's I mean first of all that's such an apple thing to do Right. I mean they're trying to be safe like fine. I understand But you've added this work. You're literally redoing work You've done this before and I mean and maybe they consider the the whole flat pack and Sandboxing thing worth the extra work. Maybe they do. I don't particularly think that that is extra work that they should have done or Maybe they should have added some kind of transition period Where they kept all the old apps in there Like the old way of doing the apps and then slowly transitioned into the flat packs things, you know So that if you wanted to install Firefox out of the box you could you know and right now you can't and Everybody will say mainly their their own first-party apps are not even available on launch Like when it launched you could not just go in there and download eddy and it That is egregious like don't do that like yeah, but Well The thing that really I mean There are two things that are missing in there that really just blew my mind one of them was firefox because first of all Nobody's going to use epiphany for very long. It's an okay browser for that one time you want to use it, but After you've used it at one time you're going to go and download a real browser Whether it's chrome or chromium or volley or brave or firefox, whatever And none of those are in the app center and we're going to remember these are for new users So they don't know how to install shit from the command line. They just don't second of all uh, you're One of the things that people do when they switch from windows to linux is they look for applications that they can use as alternatives and one of the most used applications or software suites in the history of the world is microsoft office And there is not a single piece of office software that you can install for elementary west out of the box You can't install libra office and it doesn't have it installed It's not there and Like it blows my mind. I mean it's just so Incredibly, I mean Like and people are going to argue. Well, well, you can get those things, but new users aren't going to know that Like I said, which there's not going to know it. It's It's so weird. I mean it's just so weird, right? And then to be so proud of it on the box like At least be honest and say well, you're not we needed to release this otherwise We weren't going to make it until the next lts. So we're releasing this. It's a partial product. It has Great aesthetics, but the apps just aren't there yet. We're working on it. But not to say well Or just put a notification or something in the software center that lets you know, hey This is uh early development. Some applications won't be here That would have been great or a pop-up that says, you know, the the Like when you first open up the The app center or something. I think there actually is a pop-up already when you first open the the app center Something I seem to remember that in that pop-up. Just say would you like to add flat hub? Problem solved I mean, uh, I think Okay, so if you install Ubuntu all the Ubuntu stuff in the Ubuntu store are snaps They're all that snaps, but you can add other sources, right? And that's that's hidden by default But the thing is with the Ubuntu software store when that first switched over to snaps It had all the stuff you wanted in it already it was there They handled that transition so much better than what elementary I did. All right, so we wasted just a ton of time We're at an hour All right, we have not made it to the main topic yet So, uh, I have I so I have a proposition for you, Tyler can We shove the main topic off to next week Uh, because I really do have to stop in the next 10 15 minutes and I I'm really glad that you have to too because Technically speaking, I'm pretty sure in about 10 to 15 minutes. My mom's gonna burst through that door and be like, hey I need that headset.  All right. So this was supposed the I don't think we've even mentioned the main topic yet That's how far we are Excuse me, um same So the main topic was supposed to be should native linux gaming Be it, you know the focus or whatever. I don't even know how we phrased it So we will talk about native linux gaming and stream deck and all that kind this steam deck Next week. Yeah, okay. That'll be our main topic. I promise.  We'll just use the elementary always thing for the main topic this week. Um Uh We just spent an hour didn't do the main topic We just didn't get to it. Uh, but we had to stop otherwise. We'll sit here and we'll rant for the next three hours Uh, so we will talk about native linux gaming next week So we're gonna skip over that and move right to the picks of the week. So tyler. What are your picks of the week? Uh, mine would be type speed. Uh, it's a I mean you're familiar with the game I'm pretty sure did did we play together or did you ask me to play together? Uh, we were talking about type racer Oh, that's right. That's right. I asked you and then we took we uh A monkey type is the other one that I recommended like a couple weeks ago And I did I did mess around with monkey type Quite a bit. I spent a lot of time did not realize that my words per minute were sitting at a humble, uh, 53 When I originally started Got that I've I've improved my words per minute all the way up to 76 words per minute is now my average. Um, I can get higher than that, but that's my average Um, much better much better and it was disturbing to figure out just how many people looking at the leaderboard on monkey type Will scare the living hell out of you. There are some people that can type Too fast like that's not even human Like there's like the top dude is like 278 words per minute Like how how do you not break your keyboard like what? But um, yeah, this is a really nice little game. Just it's a terminal Terminal based game. You can actually do multiplayer on it. Um, you know challenge other people play play, you know against the They either really in all honesty just test your skills play against yourself Um, but it's it's a lot of fun. I played it. Um, I want to say for like two hours It does get stressful. I did not know that a typing game could get pretty stressful It just can't all right, so You're younger than I am Do in school. Did you ever have to play? With anything for mavis beacon Or any test at all Yes, we did we did have to do typing tests Right. So when I was in school, which is probably a good 10 years before before you We there was a mavis beacon is still around.  That's how old That was I mean so was like That was back when organ trail was like a new game Yeah, that is definitely, uh, I remember in school we were not playing stuff like, um organ trail for sure I remember there was this We sent it all around school. There was a like a cracked version of uh, half-life that went around our school And so during every computer class, I mean literally every single one the teacher would always walk around the room like doing the projects Excuse me Uh, but people would walk around Or the teacher would walk around and people would literally like close half-life And be working on their project for like two minutes as soon as he looked away Reminds me of the reminds me of the moment in uh, the first Avengers where Tony start comes in to the to the air dick And that guy's playing galaga He thought we wouldn't notice but he definitely did what we did Oh man, uh, spoil alert he dies at the end No, you can't spoil that man Yeah, anyway, so all right, so, uh, I have two picks just Uh, just real quick if you uh are interested in watching other people do typing tests and stuff There's a guy called no, this is john on youtube I will leave a link of the in the video description of his youtube channel And he uses the devoric keyboard layout and he can go over 200 words per minute with that way layout And you just watch him typing it's like Holy shit, right? I like i'm gonna I'm gonna see if I can uh, let's see I mean, what's your your average is over 100, right? All right, so my no no no no no not my average my top speed is is 100 and like 17 or something like that My average is around 85 to 90 So you're not too far behind me uh It really depends on what kind of typing test i'm doing if i'm doing the quotes like that actual have proper sentence structure I can do over 100 easily all the time If I do the random word stuff, I'm much slower. Let's usually around 85 to 90. So Yeah, it depends Uh, anyways Check out his channel if you're interested in watching somebody who will always be able to type faster than you Because you never get up to those speeds. I'm so I I have a like a to-do list that I go through every single day of stuff that I have to do Right and one of those things is to practice typing. I do it every single day And I've been doing it now for almost a year Maybe even over a year. Uh, I haven't seen I I type way faster now than I did in my first started But I don't feel that I'm ever going to get to the point where I Really shove past the 100 word per minute mark. I think 100 word per minute is probably where I'm going to be and probably where I'll Stay always Uh, I I don't foresee my my self ever getting to 200 for minutes Just my hands hurt just looking at anyway, so that wasn't actually my pick of the week My pick of the week was uh orbital bullet Uh, this is a game on steam. It's like I'm not actually sure how much it's it's like 13 bucks On uh on steam. It isn't early development.  It's kind of like this that only instead of that it goes in a circle So even even your bullets or stuff are are you know curved. It's really fun. Uh, it's not It's not a very in-depth game Like there's no storyline or anything like that You just go in and start killing aliens or something like that. I don't even tell they are And your object is to stay alive the the loot system and the upgrade system is broken. It's just It is. I mean I watched your live stream Uh, it it it definitely could use some work ui like or I guess min ui is really the better way of describing it It's not like the ui is itself bad. It's just yeah, it needs work Well, the the biggest issue I have is that think that they have perks and they have level up systems and all this stuff But you can't tell the difference between level one and level whatever they all feel exactly the same So maybe it's just because I'm still very early in the game But it feels like their Perk system and their skill level system Is broken It just because it It doesn't feel like when you go through and add skills to your Little character that you're actually getting anything for him.  That's mostly my fault But the access to new ammo is very limited in this game You're supposed to get some for every like alien or whatever that you kill But you don't get for everyone and they have some of them that will restock all of your ammo at once But those are it just feels too rare. So the amount of times I ran out of ammo was quite high Yeah, anyways, so Uh, that is the Linux cast we uh We're still over an hour. We didn't do the main topic it We're just going to call this rant-a-thon All we did was rant the whole damn time. Uh, but I think it was good. So before we go, I'd like to take a moment to thank my current patrons Uh, Devon Chris east coast web gen 2 is fun to Marcus Magland Sven Jackson knife and tool Mitchell. Mr.  I definitely won't mention pulse or anything like that We're going to spend the whole hour on pulse audio. I hope you know this because it's horrible Anyways, so that that's a little sneak peek of what's coming up next week in the week after thanks everybody for watching We'll see you next time


Good afternoon, everyone. My name is Dr. Shalindra Lalwani and I am the head of the Department of Liver Transplant and Astrology in Manipal Hospital, Delhi. Liver is the largest organ of the body and it's situated in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen just behind the ribs. Its weight is 1.2 to 1.5 kg and it performs more than 500 different liver functions in the body. It has a natural regeneration capacity due to hepatocyte functions and due to repeated exposure to toxins it can cause liver damage and it can lead to chronic liver failure. End stage liver disease is defined when patients have abnormal liver function who develop decompensation or complications and in end stage liver disease scar tissue is regularly replaced the normal liver until unless they have regenerative capacity. And end stage liver disease is considered to be synonymous with chronic liver failure sometime. End stage liver disease is the 12th leading cause of death for adults in the US and in 2004 around 27000 deaths were reported in the US which were actually 1.1% of the total deaths. In India we need 27000 transplant per year for end stage liver disease but currently we are only doing 1400 transplants in a year in the whole country. If you see causes of liver cirrhosis globally there is a lot of difference between Eastern and Western countries. If you see in Eastern countries the leading cause is hepatitis B virus related chronic liver disease and in Western countries it is hepatitis C virus related chronic liver disease. But in last 10 years there has been change in the etiology of this chronic liver failure in India. Right now if you see alcoholic liver disease is the most common cause but non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is coming as epidemic for the chronic liver disease. And in Western countries also because of obesity NAFLD is actually on rising trends. Viral hepatitis can be caused by different type of viruses from A, B, C, V, E. A and E usually causes acute liver failure, B, C normally causes chronic liver dysfunction. The root of transmission for A and E is bichoral root and for root for transmission for B and C is normally submucosal or percutaneous root. Hepatitis B and C can be treated and treatment is very effective and cure is possible if detected on time. Alcohol is again the leading cause of chronic liver disease nowadays. Alcohol abuses are very common under the in the low socioeconomic and high socioeconomic status. Quantity quality sometimes differs. Alcohol can affect liver in various way. It can cause a status, it can cause repeated hepatitis and this repeated episode of hepatitis can go to cirrhosis. These statuses and hepatitis stages are reversible if alcohol is stopped on time. Obesity again can cause chronic liver disease in long term. If you see in obese patient around 5 to 8% patients will have ultimately cirrhosis. Early symptoms are jaundice, anorexia, fatigue and vomiting. Late symptoms are asitis when there is fluid in the tummy.  It can give rise to edema or there is unconsciousness or forgetfulness. These are the late symptoms. When cirrhosis is associated with decompensation, patients can have infectious like water in tummy and this water can get infected which is called as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. Patients can have chronic hepatitis and syplopathy. Patients can have recurrent GI, which means G blood and vomiting or in stool. They can have chronic hepatorenal syndrome or hepatopulmonary syndrome in which because of liver disease, kidneys or lungs are affected. So what is the prognosis in patients who develop decompensation? If any decompensated patients have symptoms like jaundice and syplopathy, asitis or varicill, hemorrhage. The average life span is 2 years. So if you can calculate that if some patient is having asitis in his tummy, out of 100 patients, only 50% patient will survive after 1 year. If they have hepatopulmonary syndrome, their average survival is 10 months. If they have spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, their average survival is 9 months. If they have hepatorenal syndrome, depending on types of hepatorenal syndrome, their survival average is 6 weeks to 6 months. So to know the prediction of mortality in these patients, there are two scores which is commonly used. One is child to be scored. Second is model for and stage liver disease. In living donor liver transplant, we mostly use this child to be scoring system. It depends on the 5 parameters and syplopathy, asitis, albumin, bilirubin and INR. If patient is having a score of more than 10, that is the indication for liver transplantation and these patients should be referred to transplant center for transplantation. Another score is med, which includes three parameters only, that is serum bilirubin, INR and serum creatinine. And the score of 14 or more, they are being referred to transplant centers for transplants. And in western countries, this is the criteria they use for disease donor liver transplant listing. So coming to liver transplant, first transplant was performed by Sir Thomas Sturgeon in US in 1963. First successful full transplant was done by the same fellow in 1967. But it was in 1918, when cyclosporin was discovered and result of transplant started improving. And in 1980, again, the development of University of Wisconsin solution, which is used for graft preservation. These were the two landmark research which actually gave the boost to the liver transplant. After 1980, if you see, survival was better than 1970s. So in early 1980s, the liver transplant became the clinical reality in 1983. It became the definitive therapy for end-stage liver disease. So liver transplant disease is a life-saving procedure for end-stage liver disease. Liver failure can be of acute or chronic. Currently, one-year patient's survival is around 85 to 90 percent and five-year's survival rate is around 75 percent. These are the famous personalities like Steve Jobs. He developed pancreatic cancer and he intervened Wipel's procedure for that. But later on, he developed neuroendocrinal secondaries in the liver. So he intervened liver transplantation for neuroendocrinal secondaries. But later on, he died after transplant. Second one is Barcelona defender Eric, who intervened liver distinction in 2011 for liver cancer. But in 2012, he again developed recurrence for then he intervened liver transplantation in 2012. So in last 40 years, if you see, liver transplantation has evolved from an experimental procedure to the definitive treatment option for patients with acute and chronic liver disease. This is the survival rate. If you see, 10-year's survival is around 60 to 80 percent in between 60 to 80 percent. If you see, living donor liver transplant survival is better than disease donor liver transplant. You can see the blue brick. In India, the transplant numbers are gradually increasing. You can see in 2014, numbers were highest. That was around 1400. And from 2014 to 2020, there has been no major increase in the, because every center has the capacity of doing limited liver transplants only. So right now, if you see in 2019, in India, it was around 14, 150 transplants were done. So when patients should be referred to the transplant center, the patients who are too well should not be transplanted. Likewise, the patient is too sick. He also should not be transplanted because these patients will have poor outcome. Thus liver transplantation should be performed when the patient's survival chances are highest. Source of graft can be disease donor liver transplant or living donor liver transplant. In disease donor transplant, two types of donors are available.  But results of donation after cardiac death, if you do, transplants are inferior. Living donor transplant advantages, you can choose the donor with better graft. Living donor liver transplants, we take different type of lobes, right lobe, left lobe, left lateral segment and posterior sectoral graft depending on the liver volume and the weight of the recipient. In disease donor, we normally remove the whole liver of the recipient patient and we implant the complete liver from the brain dead donor in the recipient. In living donor liver transplant, we usually take half or 60% of the liver depending on the age and weight of the recipient. And we implant this half of the liver after the explanation of the complete liver from the recipient. These are few indications when patients having cirrhosis and redevelopment complication in form of hepatic encephalopathy, increasing acytase, recurrent varicellate, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, or he's having some side effects of liver disease like Hepatopulmonary syndrome, Hepatorena syndrome, development of liver cancer and cirrhotic liver, which is very common. If we develop muscle resting or he'll have increased osteopenia, these are the indications for liver transplant and chronic liver disease. These are few more indications in which patient will have metabolic liver disease and liver transplant is the only treatment in patients with like Wilson disease, Glycogenesuric disease, ureocycle disorder, citrolynemia type, and few other indications are polycystic liver disease and Bud-Kerry syndrome. Bud-Kerry syndrome is very common in the Gulf countries. These are few absolute or relative contraindications, absolute contraindications are extrapetive malignancy, active alcoholism, active substance abuse, and non-compliance. Relative contraindications are putopulmonary hypertension, large FCC and HIV is no more contraindication nowadays because initially we used to have Milan's criteria for transplantation in a petrocellular carcinoma, but that criteria has been changed by different centers and now there is no size limit actually for transplantation in petrocellular carcinoma. And we are doing regularly transplants in HIV patients also. We ourselves have some experience of doing transplants in HIV patients if the disease is not that worse. Fulminant hepatic failure is another cause which give very good results with liver transplant. And fulminant hepatic failure is called as when basically patient develop rapidly develop encephalopathy, jaundice, and coagulopathy when there is no pre-existing chronic liver disease. Once these patients will meet the King's College criteria, they should undergo liver transplant and mortality is 90% without transplant in these patients, and success of transplant in these patients is around 85 to 90%. Mortality causes are mainly liver failure, sepsis, and multi-organ failure in these acute hepatic failure. So at LDLT, we have some advantages like you can take ideal donor, you can see the graft quality, there is time to prepare the recipient, so we can be optimized. You can schedule the case electively. So if you want to get it done early as you can get it early, if you can wait for some time, you can wait for some time also. And there is relative short cold steam and time because you can actually plan these surgeries donor and donor and recipient. So how we select the donor? Donor ideally should be between 18 to 55 years of age. They should be related voluntary donor. There should be no major comorbidity. If they are smokers or taking contraceptive pills, they should be abstinent for 6 weeks prior to surgery. In Indian patients, we take cutoff VMI of less than 27, but we take 30 cutoff VMI per Middle East patient when they have remnant of 30% or above. Liver attenuation index of more than 5 is acceptable. Less than that, we have to do liver biopsy and depending on the liver biopsy result, we accept or reject these donor. There should be compatible blood group matching definitely. If donor is O, then he can donate to recipient of blood group O, A, B or AB. He is the universal donor. If donor's blood group is A, he can donate to A or AB. If donor's blood group is B, he can donate to B or AB. If donor's blood group is AB, he can only donate to AB blood group recipient. Donor should be providing a graft of adequate size, which is usually determined on the CT volumetry. And donor should undergo a thorough medical and psychological evaluation. If he is psychologically and medically fit, then only he can donate his liver. He should understand the risk of surgery fully. If we don't have AB or compatible donor. So we can go ahead with AB or incompatible transplant also, but results are a bit inferior as compared to AB or compatible transplant, but still the success rate is reasonably good. If the volume of one donor is not sufficient for recipient, then we can take two different lobes from two donors and that can be implanted in the single recipient. So these are the basically methods by which we can actually transplant the patient who don't have the suitable donor because of volume or matching blood group. Recent advance, if you see there is a great advancement in the CT softwares actually. With that, we can actually assess the volume and anatomy of the liver, which actually help us to assess the suitability of the donor in terms of volume as well as anatomy of the donor. You can see how multiple pictures are these, which can tell you which vein is draining with segment of liver. There can be a lot of anatomical variation of hepatic arteries. Previously, if you see 10 years back, we used to reject few donors because of this arterial anatomical variation, but nowadays it's very rare that because of this anatomical variation we are rejecting any donor. Similar things happened with the portal vein. Previously, we used to reject the donor who was having two portal veins, but nowadays we are accepting two portal veins. We are only rejecting type D anatomy in which actually the opposite segment is supplied by the opposite portal vein. Similarly, anatomical variations are common in biliratory, but in today's era, there is no contraindication of doing liver transplant because of anatomical variation of the bilirinary. Similarly, hepatic veins previously we used to reject the donors with multiple hepatic veins. Now, we have actually reconstructed the eight veins also. So it's a very difficult situation, but now it is possible. So this is one of the basically advancement because of technical advancement, innovation. This you can see the implantation. We have used PTFE graphs. This is another technology which we have developed in the last five, seven years. We don't use because sometimes veins are not available from the graph. So now we have started using this PTFE graph for venous reconstruction. After the transplant, the patient is shifted to ICU and his liver functions are actually being monitored regularly. His febrinozine level usually in the next three days, there is gradual normalization of AST and ALT, bilirupin and brothrombin time. There is early elevation of liver enzymes always, which is followed by quick normalization in three to five days. These patients will tend to have thrombocytopenia after the transplant, but after one week, usually in second week, it started rising. We do normally ultrasound Doppler till five days in ICU once patient is out of ICU, we stop doing it. We normally start immunosuppression from the day of surgery only. And in the next seven days, we start monitoring these immunosuppression drug levels also. Transplant can have few complications like early complications are primary graft failure, muscular complications, infections and acute rejection. But most of these are treatable except the primary graft failure. That means retransplant, otherwise other complications can be managed in most of the cases. Late complications are infection, chronic rejection, biliric complications, post-transplant, lymphoperative, proliferative disorders. But if detected on time, most of these can be managed except post-transplant lymphoperative disorders. So these are the common questions actually most of the people ask what is the risk to the liver donor. So right tippectomy is a complex procedure. Wound pain is quite common, but for that we are actually putting epidural, so that is being taken care of. Psychological trauma is there in case of recipient death. If recipient get discharged, donor is always happy and they have less psychological trauma. If you see overall risk is around 0.5 to 0.5, 0.1 to 0.5 percent. Minor complication risk around 2 to 4 percent. This is second question that when can donor resume their work after the surgery. So normally donor is discharged within 7 to 10 days. Donor can resume his normal activity within 3 to 4 weeks and resume his jobs within 6 weeks time. There is no special precaution donor has to take care after about 4 to 6 weeks. And hey, he can live a normal life thereafter. So most of the complications in donors if at all happens is in the early post-operative period. And 99% of these complications are managed by smaller procedures like doing aspirating the fluid or putting the PCD. So what is the actually outcome of survival, success of this transplant procedure? So the survival rate at around 1 year if you see is around 89% and at 5 years 75 to 80% patients will be alive if you do 100 transplants. These are few technical innovations which we are doing now regularly. This is doable low transplant in which actually one donor is not sufficient for the recipient because of volume issues. So we take two different lobes from two different donors. So this is the dual low transplant. You can see right lobe and left lobe we have implanted in the recipient. This another technical innovation which we have done when we are doing pediatric transplant. If you see this left lobe graft, left lateral lobe graft is actually too huge for a 1 year old or 5, 6 months old child. So what we have done, we have reduced that graft because larger is the graft. If the graft is larger, total vein flow is not that great. Then this graft ultimately will get necrosis. So we have reduced this graft and this is the final picture after the reduction of the graft. And you can see this much we have reduced while taking the graft from the donor. And this is after implantation and this is the final picture of the graft in the small kid which was I think around it was 5 to 6 month old child only. Recently we have gained the experience in minimally invasive donor surgery. It was started in 2002 actually, but it became reality in 2012 or 13 only. We have started this doing around 3 years back. Initially we were doing laparoscopic assisted donor apatecary only. And then we upgraded us to pure laparoscopic left in a lateral donor apatecary for pedagogical treatment. And now we are doing robotic right donor apatecary also. But the problem with the robotic donor apatecary it will cost around 4000 to 5000 dollars extra to the patient. You can see this donor robotic labor section is being performed by us. Again this robotic donor apatecary in non donor apatecary actually. Again similarly we are doing the transaction by the robotic surgery. This is the use of interoperative ultrasound to mark the transaction line in the donor apatecary. We are actually believers in cosmetic donor apatecary. You can see the scar is comparatively less if you see the recipients scar that is used. So previously people what they were doing that they were doing this, giving the same incision as this recipient is having. But now you can see we have reduced the scar size very significantly. This is the mongolian donor who is a supermodel in her own country and she donated her right low for her mother. Now you can really identify this car if you can see it very, very deeply. He is another donor who became the bodybuilder. So you can see the drastic change in his body. This is the experience of our team. We have experience of over a decade. Our team has done more than 1800 transplants out of them. 90% are adult and we are having reasonably very good experience of a pediatric transplant that is around 10%. Overall success rate is around 95% and our survival and emergency transplants for acute liver failure is 92% and one year survival is around 89%. In chronic liver disease, our one year survival is 92% and three year survival is 88%. We have done 17 combined liver kidney transplants also and we have done five dual low transplants. That is the big achievement. I think that is the probably we are the third or fourth center in the world who has done five dual low liver transplants. Most of the people are not that experts in doing dual low transplants. We have done four swap series. These are our achievements. If you see pediatric liver transplants we have done in less than 10 kg weight child. We have done the smallest way with child transplant also. And we have done liver transplant in the child who was having hemiparesis. It was first in India, this kind of transplants and that kid is doing well after even six years. Hemiparesis is also the tool. We have done five dual low transplants in which we take, as I told you that we take two grafts from two different donors and we transplant it in one recipient. We have done retransplant also in a child which is a very difficult thing to perform. We have done living donor liver transplant in a strongly positive cross-match patient which usually is not being done by other centers. And the success rate in this transplant is very low but we have done two transplants in strongly positive cross-match patient. And even after four or five years of transplant they are doing very well. We have done ABO incompatible transplant. Definitely as I said results of ABO incompatible transplant is not as equal as a compatible transplant. We have done transplant in HIV positive patients and I think that was the second in India which we did I think three, four years back and the patient is doing well. Transplant, we have done transplant removal of cardiac tumor simultaneously which was the first transplant of that kind in the world. So to summarize liver transplant is a good management option for end stage liver disease and complication rates are low and we have a very good success rate. Risk of donor to risk to donor is minimal. Transplant will improve the quality of life and prolong disease peace survival. And with technical advancement there are only few contraindications nowadays. If there is any question I will be happy to answer. I think first question is that does cousin marriages in Gulf countries one of the cause of liver transplant or disease? Yes, but it usually happens in the children's not in others because this can say goodness marries is actually a cause of many genetic disease. Second question is what is the prognosis of donor. So as I told you in the presentation the risk for donor is around 0.1 to 0.5%. So if you see success rate is 99.5%. This is small risk is always there when you are actually traveling somewhere or you are crossing the road. So it's like that only. I think there is another question actually what type of disease you get actually once you marry two cousins. So these are actually metabolic disorders which I told you many Wilson's disease. Like any genetic disorders they can have. There is one more question I think in case of no related donor is available for a patient. What can be done in these cases? So one option as I told you is ABO incompatible. They have donor in the family but blood growth is not matching. Second option is if they have no suitable donor means because of volume issue if they are having some problem. So we can take two graphs as I told you and we can do a low transplants. Third option is they don't have any donor in the family then actually it's a difficult situation for them then they can register for the disease donor liver transplant at our center. Once the graft is available but that is available only for Indian patients not for foreigners because it's because of basically restrictions in some law. Another option is they can actually it's up to the committee actually but they can actually find a donor in nearby relatives or in friends who are actually attached with them for more than 10 years. Then committee can review the case and if they found that there is no problem in doing this then only we can actually do. So it's very difficult situation actually. So first option is they can register for disease donor liver transplant. And second option is they can actually apply with the unrelated donor but it should be at least emotionally related because sometime what happens if it is emotionally related and they are actually living together or like a relative since many years and they have some evidence for that. The committee considered these type of cases also but that depends on the committee itself because once committee is clear we will do transplants only after that. So it's not that easy thing. If there is any further question you can actually contact our marketing team or you can find my number on the Google search and you can message me or call me for any query or questions if you are having in your mind. So thank you all for listening and so we will finish this session now.