Moving on, we're going straight in order, correct? Okay, so our next presentation is Jane Peterson, giving a program update on the human heredity and health speaking of Africa, the H3Africa project. Can I take this, stick out? I have no idea. Of course, that's going to happen. It also should be removed, isn't it? No, that's fine. All right, I'm going to give you an overview about this program you've heard about, but I don't think we've ever given you a presentation about it. It's a human heredity and health in Africa, H3Africa. And this is a program, this is a combination of a common fund and institute funded program. How am I supposed to go forward and advance it? Oh, there I did. Okay, so as I said, this is a common fund initiated program and actually it grew out of the NHGRI interest generated by Dr. Charles Rotimi, who is a intramural investigator in NHGRI, and then of course, Francis has had an interest in this, so I'll tell you a little bit more about where it came from in a minute. But they recognize that there is a need for genomics initiative in Africa. Genetics and genomics in Africa is really very sparse. And other reasons that they were interested in starting this type of a program is the incredible disproportionate burden of communicable diseases in Africa. And of course, HIV, AIDS, TB and malaria dominate the research that's being done there. There has been recently an emergence of the prevalence of non-communicable diseases, which has gone really pretty much unstudied in the continent. And we believe that genomics is key to the contemporary and biomedical research that can be done on the continent. So in order to address this need, there was a group of meetings, set of meetings that I'll tell you about in a minute, from which came a working group of scientists on the continent as well as U.S. and British scientists or European scientists that put together a white paper and they identified genomics research as an important area that needed to be expanded in Africa. There was collaboration with African scientists at the time, but it was limited. And oftentimes the African scientists didn't get the credit that everyone felt needed to be, that they should get. And then also there's, you may be aware, looking around our universities, that there is a considerable brain dream going on in Africa. Many students come from Africa to be educated in the U.S. and they don't go back to Africa very often. And if they are trained in Africa, they very often get snapped up by North, as they call the U.S. in Europe, Northern universities. Africa also presents some unique research opportunities. African populations have the most genetic diversity. I don't need to tell this audience that. It's a unique place to study gene environment interactions because over the entire continent, there are so many different environments. And data on Africans are needed to achieve better ancestral representation in genomic studies. The number of African populations that have been tested so far as part of the HAPMAP and 1000 Genomes and other programs is not, is very small compared to the Caucasian populations and not representative of the diversity that exists in Africa. So the H3Africa initiative is intended to encourage contemporary research approach by African investigators to study genetic and or environmental determinants of common diseases in Africa with the goal of improving health of African populations. The goals of the program are to increase the number of African scientists that are internationally competitive in genomics and population research, to establish collaborative networks of Africans pursuing genomic-based research and disease-oriented projects. I'll mention this several times in my talk, but collaboration in Africa between universities or between countries is very rare, and this is one of the things that we really want to try to change or start to change. And then also we want to create and expand infrastructure for genomics research, particularly bioinformatics and biorepositories. You'll see as I go on that we don't have very much money to accomplish these goals, and building upon existing infrastructure is really critical. So thus far, what have we done? Mark Geier and I visited several places more than this, but these are four labs in Africa that we visited last March. In Nigeria, we saw a nascent biorepository being set up. You can see that the freezers are out, but there are also a lot of boxes sitting there. So a biorepository is one of the initiatives that we really want to get going, and this group has been funded by the University of Maryland actually to put a biorepository in place for a project that they were working on. In Tanzania, we visited a Julie McConney's lab, where we saw a significant amount of effort on sickle cell disease, and this is a representative of one of their workstations. In Mali, we visited an NIAID-supported research lab that works on malaria. They also took us out to a number of villages, which was really interesting, but this lab has been very well-equipped by NIAID over, I think it's 10 or more years. And then in South Africa, we visited the South African National Bioinformatics Institute, and that's Alan Christoffel sitting there, standing there, in front of their server room, which is fuller than it looks from this picture. But we were very impressed that the University of West Cape had set Alan up in this beautiful facility for training in bioinformatics and in recruiting people and developing programs, et cetera. So while we recognize from our visit that the conditions for research in Africa are not the same as what they are in the United States, South Africa certainly comes closer than the other countries, but there is significant infrastructure and there certainly is the brain power and the interest to do a genomics project in Africa. The other, I mentioned earlier that there's been a number of meetings. The program was launched in 2010 with a press release that had Eric and Francis, oops, sorry. Eric and Francis, Charles Rotimi and Dr. Mayosi from University of Cape Town and Mark Walport in London. The working groups I mentioned earlier got together for a final meeting in fall of that year and this was in Cambridge and developed this white paper which was then published in 2011 and then the first H3Africa, this was, well, the first H3Africa post white paper meeting was held in Cape Town. Actually Mark and I went there at the end of our set of site visits and that meeting ratified this white paper which is on the H3Africa website if you want to look at it. So the major thing we've been doing in this last year is writing concept after concept, defense after defense of the program and then RFAs. So we have spent a lot of time refining these ideas and finally getting them published as RFAs in the last month. So their initiatives are a set of collaborative projects which have multiple components represented by this little jigsaw puzzle. That will work together to implement and train genomics and genetics environmental research on the continent and to promote collaboration. Research projects are individual investigator initiated projects that will be an outgrowth of an existing ongoing NIH or other funding agency project that will bring genetics and genomics to that already funded project. And I'll tell you a little more about that in a minute. The Bioinformatics Network is a network of labs within the continent, around the continent that are interested in working together to train and to spread information and about the program as well as to build up the infrastructure for bioinformatics all over the continent. It will also tie together these research projects here. The Biorepository Initiative is an initiative to establish a biorepository, either one or two, on the continent that will be a site where H3Africa samples will reside so that Africans have more control or more ability to make decisions about what happens to their samples. And then societal implications research is introducing LC type grants into the African continent where some training in this has already happened. So key aspects of all these initiatives will be that the awards will be made directly to African institutes and PIs. The centers will, these are the collaborative centers I mentioned, will comprise multiple collaborative projects. So the idea here again is to have these be relatively large projects that will collaborate outside of their own institutions and hopefully internationally. And I should say that the US can be partners in these projects, but more than 51% of the funds must flow to African institutions. The research project grants will add a genomic lens to pre-existing projects, as I said a moment ago. The, all of the projects must deposit samples in the H3Africa biorepositories. They must use the H3Africa Bioinformatics Network for training, for information, for help with what's going on in their laboratories. They must include a training program and they may include societal implications research. Now these are the initiatives, one by one. The biorepository, as I said, is it comes from a strong desire to have African scientists retain control of their samples. The program is going to start with a two-year feasibility study. And that, after that feasibility study, it will be evaluated and some of those projects will be funded for full-scale repositories over the next five years. So it's a seven-year program. The Bioinformatics Network, it will be a foundation for bioinformatics capacity across Africa. It'll foster connectivity and interactivity, certainly within the H3Africa grantees, which I forgot to mention, will also include Welcome Trust grantees. This is a joint project between Welcome Trust and NIH. And it will provide training in bioinformatics and promote computational skills among African researchers. The Societal Implications Research will provide support for independent researchers. We felt that this was not ready for prime time yet, so we didn't put out an RFA this year. Instead, there will be a Societal Implications Research Meeting in Abuja, Nigeria in November, I believe. And from that, we will be talking with researchers who are interested in submitting applications and help them understand what needs to be in an application and what kinds of problems, questions would be of interest to H3Africa. And then the Societal Implications Program will also encourage the H3Africa consortium in developing its own policies. So the H3Africa timeline, we have already released most of the FOAs or RFAs that will be considered for funding in FY12. These are the collaborative centers I told you about. The research projects, the bioinformatics network, the bio-repository feasibility studies. In September 2011, just next week, Mark and I will, and several other NHGRI staff as well as NIH staff will be traveling to Nairobi, Kenya for an application, applicant information session, which will also be available by webinar and conference call. In November, we will have this Ethics and Genomics Research Conference in Abuja. No, yes, I think I said Blamako before, Abuja, Nigeria. And then in December 2011, the applications are due. They will be reviewed in March of next year. And by July, we hope to fund the center's research projects, the bioinformatics network and the bio-repositories. Then the Societal Implication Research RFAs will be released in FY13. Any questions? I had a question about the Societal Implications Research Meeting in Nigeria. Who has been invited to the meeting and you plan a subsequent request for proposal? What efforts will be made to ensure that maybe a broader array of persons other than those directly involved with the initiative? Aware of and have opportunities to be engaged. I'm going to turn to Jean McEwen who is running this part of the program. It's not on Jean. The meeting is actually being broadly advertised and it'll be really open to anyone within the continent of Africa who has an interest in this with, there are going to be some funds provided for some reimbursement of travel funds. There's actually a number of people who have already done research on various issues in bioethics, largely funded through the Forward Bioethics Training Initiatives. So a lot of those people will be involved as well as just others who are generally interested in the area. And I think the real purpose of the meeting actually is really to hear from them about their thoughts about what should go into the research agenda for this initiative in terms of the societal implications, not just sort of our coming in and telling them what we think the questions are, but really to learn from them. I should also say that we have a fairly extensive mailing list and we would welcome any suggestions of names that you would want us to send all the information to. Everything that I talked about, everything that we have done is posted on the H3Africa website which is h3africa.org. So we're trying to get the word out as broadly as we possibly can. Pilar? So I wanna start by saying I think this is a great idea, great program, love the fact that it's directed towards African investigators and empowering them to do genomic science. I think that's fantastic. And one of the things I've said to Eric is when H3 Latin America or South East Asia coming, the other question I have though is for US based investigators that wanna work in Africa, all of us have gotten, oh look at this H3Africa, you should be applying for this, this is great and it's obviously guys, this isn't for us, it's for the African based investigators to get their resources in line so that they can compete on an international stage. But it does raise the question about what is being thought about in terms of US based investigators for the reason that if one could imagine grants going through regular study section saying, well shouldn't this really be funded by H3Africa given all the impotence that's being put out there and the sort of misunderstanding that it's actually not for US based investigators. I was thinking we had a budget slide on here and some of the other presentations I've been working on for next week. This is funded at a level of about, I think the first year is $8 million. So there's very little money in it. It goes up to about $10 million as the year's advance. So that's one answer is H3Africa is not very big. And so it really is a token to try to get African researchers started and to be, as you said, competitive. Most of the grants and contracts funded in Africa are already two American investigators and the subcontracts are African. So you are free to submit applications as you want as they apply to infectious disease or whatever science of interest you want to do in Africa. At this point I would say there's probably not a groundswell to have an actual RFA for that. But H3Africa, as I said, 51% has to go to Africa. I am quite sure that multiple of these investigators will subcontract back to the US. So I would suggest that if you know someone, know something you're interested in. I mean, I actually think it would not, I think the point wasn't how do we sort of tap in and get some H3Africa money. On the contrary, wouldn't it be great to figure out a vehicle by which H3Africa funded investigators can, because it is such a small amount of money, network with all the people who are already funded and create a sort of larger impetus for making that happen. Well, that would be great. I think, and particularly your point about the unintended consequence of an H3Africa, it's a very good point. I don't personally haven't thought about it before, but I think you're absolutely right. On that point, let me just, you might wanna talk to folks at NIMH. They developed collaborative projects primarily around HIV with both India and South Africa. I was doing other NIMH funded research in South Africa at the time. So I was aware of what they were doing, where they brought groups of US based researchers with the local researchers and had a research meeting discussing the issues and out of which the desire was for collaborative projects to grow. And I think both the India and South Africa experience work very well and stimulate in a lot of research there. We have talked to NIMH and they are one of the participants. Well, they're not a direct participant. They are funding a, it may be one of these collaborative projects. I don't think it's been reviewed yet, but they are very interested in supporting a project of this sort in their area of interest. And assuming it gets funded, we'll bring it in. So that we intend that the H3 Africa umbrella encompass any research project and research group that is interested in this area, not only the ones that are directly funded by H3 Africa. In fact, some of the most sophisticated research going on in Africa is in agriculture. And we expect that there will be groups interested in agriculture that join the Bioinformatics Network. And you mentioned just sort of in passing that you had spent a lot of time defending this program. Would you like to say a little bit more? Like, who is concerned about it or against whom are you defending? There's been concern at the level of sending money outside the United States. A concern about sustainability, which is completely legitimate. A concern about, you know, will we be able to establish something, especially by our repository, in a way that it can actually support itself when NIH leaves. So I think we've allayed most of those concerns. And we feel like we're in a good situation going forward. But I have to say that the amount of funding makes it more difficult. Although we have successfully encouraged and gotten the Common Fund to give us a small amount of additional funds. The other thing to add to it is it became clear from our early discussions around the NIH on the best use of the Common Fund money was to, as Jane described, put this towards infrastructure and hope that institutes would come and do specific scientific projects and disease areas of interest. And so you would sort of have matching money.  And we got warm, receptive, you know, interactions with them. But when it really came time to commit dollars into, maybe as opposed to, well, maybe someday, yeah, sure, you build it and we'll see later. We were, to be candid, a little disappointed with the number of commitments we were able to get. Admittedly, this is in the face, you heard my budgetary discussion. So it's really, people are, and, you know, and some of these institutes have major commitments in Africa as it is. So they're sort of feeling like, well, we already have our own programs. That was what it was a little disappointing that we, but there's a lot of reasons for it. But we have enough to go forward and then others will follow. Jane, at eight to 10 million per year NIH funding, and if so, what's the trust committed? The trust is about 12 million pounds over, we never know how many years to say. Eight million pounds, 12 million dollars. 12 million dollars over three or five years. It's not clear yet. And their call is also out, their call for proposals. You can find it on the H3Africa website. And it's being done at the same time ours is being done slightly differently where they're, they kind of get pre-proposals and they select some of those and they do a rigorous review of that. Is there going to be some effort at coordination between the two? Oh, yes. In terms of what is funded, I mean. Oh, yes. And applicants can apply to both programs and then at the time that we are ready to, once we know the, we will talk together about who should be funding what. It's like NSF and NIH when we have joint proposals. The schedules for the Welcome Trust call and our solicitations were designed so that the funding decisions will be made at about the same time. Is there any thought about regional distribution of research funds or since Africa is such a diverse place? Biorepository. Yes. That's come up over and over again. Should we have regional bioinformatics? Should we have regional biorepositories? I think we have to see what we get in and what does well. And in the case of the biorepository, the ability of a biorepository to receive and distribute samples is going to trump anything else to some extent. So, yeah. There's been lots of talk about that. Certainly we in a perfect world, we would want to try to see that the projects are well distributed and I hope that's the way the applications come in, but we really don't know yet. Bill, I think we were originally envisioning that the collaborative research centers would operate and form regional nucleus for research. Interestingly enough, the initial contacts we've had expressions of interest involve groups that are very widely distributed around the content. One of the things that I'm sure you're hearing back is I am about Africans actually live in Africa is that they would like to see a non-South African focus, but they're also quite concerned that most of the activity they're seeing is from people who no longer live in Africa but are from there originally and to the point where words like disgusting and I've been used on a regular basis. And one of the things that a welcome is considering now is having not only a 51% rule and maybe even ratcheting that down but also making it so a certain percentage of the money has to be spent in Africa because of the worry that South Africans living in Canada will be getting the grants and really just using it as a trough not as a real research tool. There's a lot of sensitivity there and I'm sure you're well aware of it. We were at the same meeting in Cape Town in March and there's a lot of expectations been built up because of H3 Africa by Africans and if we end up funding a bunch of people who used to be from Africa there's going to be a lot of really pissed off people. Well they can't be the PIs at all. No. They can be the largest snout. Yeah. And certainly we'll see how the review group goes but I would think there might be a sensitivity to that not only at the review level but at the funding level. So again Howard the point is that these awards are going to be made directly to African institutions not necessarily to scientists but to African origin. They have to go to the funds go to Africa and then any decision about collaborations outside of Africa are made by the African investigators themselves by their choice. And before we go to the next question Jane can you clarify because the council is clear showing significant interest in this. The grants will come to this council? Yes. Next May. So May 2012. So the grants and non-infectious disease and as we need to we'll supplement with people that So these legitimate concerns you will have the ability to weigh in at a council level which is terrific. Pearl? Yeah I mean the bio repository seems so important. Is that a grant that will go to a specific institution or will that be more of an umbrella one? My concern being you have a continent where there's very different regulations you have South Africa which is tighter than we are you know just with the governance what the informed consent will be. This is a major major issue in that RFA we hope to fund more than one we hope geographically those will be spread out they have to be able to receive and distribute samples so and we could receive an application that proposed three sites around Africa for example that would be fine and we'll make that clear I guess next week I'm not sure it said that explicitly in the RFA so it is going to be a difficult thing to set up that's why we're starting with planning grants so that we can set in place four different places that we'll have to demonstrate what's feasible for them to do on the ground before we scale up into larger scale biorepositories Jane maybe you mentioned this and I missed it but I just wonder how the availability of these grants was publicized I was in the car in March talking with some malaria collaborators of mine there's also a group there working in HIV they were completely unaware well they're just impolished to be fair so I understand but what I'm worried about is how the word is going to get out beyond those few groups that are already in the know Africa is a big country continent this particular these particular groups that I met with in March they are much less well equipped than the pictures that you just showed us and could benefit tremendously by being involved and I just worry that they'll never learn about these things so first of all give us their names that's the first step we have collected we have the group of people who came to Cape Town we have asked institutes to send out to any grantees or any one they know on the continent we've also just set up a where's Changi what's the name of the site the social networking site we can't hear you the African site of human genetics obviously sends out information to all of their members we have their entire mailing list yes so as Jane mentioned we've sent it up to a lot of mailing lists including the welcome trust mailing list which is international and last week we set up a social networking site on nature it's called Sightable and it's a collaborative research site where we already have over 20 members which is really exciting considering our site is only up for 3 days and their PIs are actually already discussing if I'm interested in this FOA I'm in Ghana is anyone else interested in joining us and maybe starting something in Kenya and we can apply together for the FOA then we also have the meeting coming up in Kenya which has also generated a lot of interest so we're trying to do whatever we can think of if you have any good ideas that we're missing please let us know and Jill I think you raised an interesting important point about groups that may be not as well set up as groups that other groups and that is a serious issue is to whether you support groups that have already shown capability or whether you help other groups start out from scratch and we're trying to walk that line but the idea is that whatever gets funded we'll have to have an outreach component and we'll have to try we're hoping that this relatively small program is going to be catalytic at the very least you want to make sure that those less well-equipped groups have the opportunity to connect through this vehicle that's in part what the collaborative nature of this is supposed to encourage and it may have to be a push rather than a pull from the well-equipped groups yeah and I see the bioinformatics network as being a real key in reaching these groups that aren't very well-equipped they have enough money that they should be able to improve infrastructure in those sorts of sites and we hope that we'll get a really active PI institution that will really believe in this mission and really push to collaborate and connect with these remote sites this has been great discussion any last comments or questions ok thank you for that input


Good afternoon. My name is Adrienne Smith and I'm going to talk to you about asset mapping. This is a presentation that's been prepared by myself and my colleague, Dr. Rebecca Zulilo. We are social science researchers and evaluators and we often partner with universities and community colleges to help them as they sort of strategize how they are going to go about broadening participation within their department or institution. And asset mapping we find is just been a really excellent tool for beginning conversations that are asset focused instead of the deficit mindset that we so often see. Really they change the conversation from what's lacking or what's missing about our institution and what's missing about the students that we're trying to serve. And instead people are getting excited and engaged and they're thinking more about what they have and they're thinking more about how they can see opportunities and they're seeing them and they're being motivated and it kind of creates a lot of self-sustaining momentum for those conversations. So what is asset mapping? Well, it's a process of documenting the people and resources that are available within a community that support or enhance a specific goal. So it's documenting those resources that exist within a community or ecosystem. There are lots of different uses for an asset map. In fact, as we do this work, we continue to find more uses for asset mapping. Even though our original intention was to think about it as an evaluation tool and a tracking tool, but it can be used as a resource map for students or faculty members who are working on broadening participation within their courses. It can be a referral resource whenever some barriers are encountered that so people can find and access those resources quickly. A recruiting tool to show people how the environment has created and has supports. And also as a tool for strategic planning and we've really seen some advances in that area. So what do I mean by our assets? Well, the first step that we think about with asset mapping is to start thinking broadly and to do that we have categories that we help people just sort of start in their thinking about what assets exist in their institution and really in their environment because industry partners, community partners are part of that too. Those categories of assets, these are the ones we've come up with for STEM. But we know as we engage more and more in talking about data science and environmental science, those categories are going to broaden. And so that will just continue to provide the next group of people with those categories to start with as they're inventorying their assets. Now in this particular diagram, I have at the center the focus being an underrepresented student in STEM, but you could think about this the same way about resources and assets for a STEM instructor. The second step in asset mapping is to start mapping. And so we try to give people tips on how to go about doing this again to try to be thinking really broadly about their institution and their community. So the first thing we do is say please drop down the places in which you refer students or faculty or colleagues. Think about your known collaborations, your known partnerships and then ask those people who else is doing this kind of work, who else is trying to build these kinds of supports. Printing out a campus map and just identifying what other organizations have a similar mission, internet searches, looking at the university directories, all are different ways in which people can start to identify assets. The next step, and again we sort of have paired this down and to some real concrete steps for just getting started. But you really want to think about how those assets should be displayed on your asset map and that should be tailored specifically to your audience. And what will they need when they look at that asset map, whether it be a planning committee or a student. What information will they need and how will they access that information so that they can take advantage of the map and the resources that exist. Finally we can use asset mapping for tracking. So a lot of people are focused on these efforts to build influence and to create these supportive environments, but they need to have ways in which to track how that progress is being made. And asset maps are a great way to do that. You can track the identification of assets, the relationship with those assets, the directionality between those assets. So asset mapping is a wonderful tool for being able to show your progress and for strategizing about what the next steps will be. So we have a little bit of information on the table that just has an overview of asset mapping and some other tools that will be helpful for getting conversations started to broaden participation at universities.


Hello everybody! This video will show you how to set up an OpenVPN server for Windows and configure an OpenVPN client and how to organize data exchange channels between remote offices. Sometimes people need to establish a link between remote computers without spending extra money on equipment and software. In doing that, a well-known free program OpenVPN can help a lot, as it provides free implementation of the VPN virtual private network technology. In our channel, you can already find a video on how to create a VPN server with standard Windows tools and how to connect to such server from another PC. You will find the link in the description. Here we go. Hello friends! If you need to recover deleted data, view or restore a remote browser in history. Hetman Software products will help you. Follow the link in the description, download the necessary program for free, install it and analyze the disk. The utility will show you the data you can recover, so you will be able to view it or get it back. In our channel and blog, you will find solutions to any problem, from installing an operating system or configuring it to fixing possible bugs and errors or optimizing mobile gadgets. Our specialists will answer any questions you ask in your comments under the videos or articles. So, we have two computers. One of them will be used as an OpenVPN server and the other as a client. We have to enable them to see each other in the network, on the Internet and enable them to use shared folders and files. Let's begin the setup process. Download OpenVPN from the official website. Choose the version corresponding to your system business. I will give the link to OpenVPN official website in the description. Stop the installation. At step 3, check the inactive boxes. Leave other items at default. In the course of installation, the system creates a virtual network adapter. Select Windows Adapter V9 and its drivers. It is for this interface that OpenVPN will assign the IP address and the OpenVPN subnet mask. Rename it into ServerVPN. Later, I will use this name for the OpenVPN server, which I am going to create on this computer. After that, launch the command prompt as administrator. There is a special video in our channel about all the ways of doing it, so feel free to watch it anytime. You will find the link in the description. Go to the folder where OpenVPN has been installed with the command cd, cd, c, program files, OpenVPN, easy RSA, run init, config, bat. As a result, a file named vars bat will appear in the folder c, program files, OpenVPN, easy RSA. Your file extensions are not displayed in your PC. Turn this function on. It will make your work more convenient. There is also a good video about it. If you want, you can follow the link in the description. Open it with Notepad or Notepad++. This batch file will set the variables for certificate generation. In the part concerning the organization and location, fill in your data. However, you can skip filling in the data as it can be modified later, and this data doesn't affect the work of our VPN server, as it is only for information. Go back to the command prompt started by administrator, and run the following commands. cd, c, program files, OpenVPN, easy RSA, vars, clean all. The answer should be two messages, one file copied one. If you see it, everything is fine. Build DH, build a Diffie-Hellman parameter. If you run this command and see an error, OpenSSL is not recognized as an internal or external command, operable program or batch file, then do the following.  Select advanced system settings, advanced system settings, advanced environment variables. In the section user variables, click on the setting path and then edit. In the window that opens, click on browse directory and specify the path to the folder containing OpenVPN bin. After that, open the command prompt as administrator again, and run the commands that I have described earlier in this video once again. The build DH command should run alright. As a result, in the folder easy RSA keys, a new file named DH4096PAM will appear. With that, enter the commands in the following order. Build CA, create the main certificate. You'll be asked some questions. You can change the data you have previously given in the file vars data, country, region, city, server name, etc. Change the information if necessary. If you don't make any changes, press enter. As a result, in the folder easy RSA keys, two new files named CACRT and CA key will appear. Create key server server VPN, where server VPN is the name of our VPN server. Once again, you will be asked some questions. Press enter. When you see two questions, sign the certificate and one out of one certificate request certified commit, press Y. As a result, in the folder easy RSA keys, you will see new files server VPN CACRT, server VPN CACRT server VPN key. Certificates for the server have been created. Now let's create client keys. Build key client VPN, where client VPN is the client name. The client certificate is going to be created. Press enter, but when asked about command name, for example, your name or your service host name, you should enter the client name. In our case, it is client VPN. In the end, press Y twice. As a result, in the folder easy RSA keys, you will see new files client VPN CACRT, client VPN CSR, client VPN key. For every client, a new certificate is built, but with another name. For example, build key client VPN1, and you should specify it in the common name. Now let's generate the key TA key for packet authentication. To do it, run the command openmpn genkey secret keys TA key. As a result, in the folder easy RSA keys, a new file named TA key will appear. Okay, the key business is over. Now let's move on to create the service and the client's configuration files. In the folder see program files openvpn config create a text file named servervpn ovpn. It will be the service configuration, and enter the following text there. I have already prepared a server file, so let's examine it. Dev note servervpn. The network adapted name of our openvpn server. This parameter is not obligatory, but it is convenient to know what server this configuration file belongs to. Mode server. The service mode of operation. Port 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. The port to which the IP address of our server is reserved as it follows the router. I have already shown port forwarding in another video, so you will find the link in the description. There is also a video about reserving an IP address to a computer. You will find the link in the description as well. Proto. USB 4 server. Data transmission protocol. Dev tunnel mode TLS server. The cryptographic transmission protocol TLS auth. The path to the file TA key. Check it, because in your case it can be different. For the server add 0 after the key path, and 1 for the client. Remember that in openvpn the file path is always using 2 slash symbols. If it contains folder names made of several words and separated by spaces like program files, the entire path should be quoted. TonMTU, TonMTU Extra, and MSSFix are packet size. Path to keys. CA CRT, servervpn CRT, servervpn key, DH 4096 PEM. Server 10, 10, 10, 0, 2, 552, 552, 555, 0, the range of addresses allocated for a VPN network. It can be optional. Client to client. Allow the clients to see each other. Keep alive 10, 120. The so-called lifetime of an inactive session. Cipher AES, 128CBS, choice of encryption cipher. Comp IZO. Set data compression setting in the tunnel. Persist key. Persist on. Don't reread key and tunnel data when the connection is broken. Client. Config. Dear. The path to the client's configuration file on the server. This one we are going to create soon. Verb 3. Debugged mode level. Root delay 5. The time for creation and application of a root. In this case, it's 5 seconds. Root method EXE. This is how root data is entered. Push. This command lets the client know about the server's subnet. That is why <IP_ADDRESS> indicates the server's subnet. Root enables visibility for the network server and client addresses. That is why <IP_ADDRESS> indicates the client's subnet. That's all. Let's try starting the server. Double-click on the desktop shortcut OpenVPN GUI or open the file OpenVPN GUI.exe. The OpenVPN icon will appear in the taskbar. Right-click on it and select Connect. If it turns green in several seconds, it's all right. The server is running. If it doesn't happen, read the log file in the folder C, users, username, OpenVPN, server, log. If an error occurs, it will be described in this file and you'll be able to fix it. As you can see, in our case, the server works all right. Next. In the folder config, create a file without extension and name it just as the server. Client VPN. Open it with Notepad and enter the following. If config push 10, 10, 10, 5, 10, 10, 10, 6. This way, we assign to the client the IP address 10, 10, 10, 5, or 6. The address can be different. iRoot <IP_ADDRESS>.<IP_ADDRESS>.<IP_ADDRESS>.0. In from the server, that network <IP_ADDRESS>.4.0 belongs to the client. Disable. If you uncomment this line, the client will be disconnected. It's good for cases when you need to disconnect a client from the server, while others will be working as usual. That's all. Save it. Now go to the client computer. Install OpenVPN on the client's computer as well, and you don't have to check all the boxes. Copy the following lines from the folder c.programfiles.openvpn.easyrsa keys on the server computer. cacrt clientvpn.crt clientvpn.key tak transfer them to the computer with an OpenVPN client into the folder c.programfiles.openvpn.config. In the same folder, create a file client.ovpn and enter this data. I have already created the file, so let's examine it. Remote <IP_ADDRESS>.1.5.6 address of the server where to connect to. Client. Let the client take the routing data from the server. Port 12345 – the port for OpenVPN. Auto TSP4 client – specify the protocol for OpenVPN. DevTon interface type TLS client – the cryptographic transmission protocol TLS auth. Deposit to the file ta key – check it, because in your case it can be different. For the server, add 0 after the key pass and 1 for the client. Remote cerrt TLS server protection. TUNMTU-TUNMTU-EXTRA-MSS-FIX-PACKET-SIZE Path to keys – CA-CRT. Clientvpn.crt clientvpn.key Cypher AES128CBS – choice of encryption cypher comp-izl – set data compression setting in the tunnel Pursist key – persist ton – don't reread key and tunnel data when the connection is broken. Debug in mode level. Mute 20 – the number of repeating messages. That's all. Save it. Now, one more thing. To enable PIN to internal addresses of our server and client, turn on routing and remote access service. To do it, start the registry editor, open the following key – hkey, local machine, system, current control set, services, TCPIP, parameters, find PE, enable router. Change its value data to 1. Don't forget to restart the computer for the changes to take effect. It should be done for both computers, the server and the client. Next. Set up firewalls and antiviruses on the client and server computers to allow free passage of data packets. I will not go into details as everything depends on the particular software they have installed. After that, start the server. Start OpenVPN GUI or Server or VPN. The server is running now. After it is connected, start OpenVPN on the client computer. Start OpenVPN GUI or Client or VPN. When it is connected, test the link. In the command prompt, enter PIN and the address assigned to the client or the server. It depends on the computer from which you test the link. If the PIN gets through, then all settings are correct. Now let's try accessing the shared folders. First, from the server to the client. As you can see, access is possible. Now from the client to the server. This way, access is also possible. That's all. As you can see, a VPN connection with OpenVPN is created. The bidders can access each other in both directions.


Three to five million people die each year of water-related disease. It affects every sector, you know, it affects health, it affects education, it affects productivity, industry, agriculture, everything. Without equitable access to it, it really does compromise a community's opportunity to thrive. Water has amazing capacity, it has amazing potential to equalize and nourish in that the smallest plant and the richest man need it to survive.  Now enter a single drop for safe water. We work building capacity of local stakeholders to be able to partner in the provision of sustainable water and sanitation services with the support of the NGOs, the LGUs and a single drop for safe water. We help build their capacity to be able to identify their own needs, to identify the appropriate technology that they want to implement and then to be able to create the organization that can maintain it. When people think of water and the provision of water they don't think, they think why don't you just build a well? Why don't you just build a system?  And, you know, there's so much more to sustainability than just the technology. These projects are funder driven. They're focused on the funders agenda and the funders priorities. Our model really, really focuses on being able to build the capacity of local stakeholders to make their own decisions from start to finish. So my question to you all is, in looking at this model from a single drop for safe water all the way down to the stakeholders, is this a franchisable model and how, if so, how can we scale? The downside is not addressing this.  The franchise model that I'm thinking about is more about a single drop for safe water, the actual entity, the organization that we run. That's the part that needs to be strengthened. The technology will always be there and it'll always be something easy to implement. But the social structures that need to be addressed in making sure that they're sustainable, that the information is institutionalized is a hard thing to sell, if you will. And to me, it's not cost-effective. Part of what we see happening in development is not just how things need to change on the ground, but how things need to change in the operations of NGOs and actually how things need to change in terms of funders and investments to ensure that everyone has access to clean water and sanitation just ensures not only a life of survival, but a life of opportunity.


We'll show several of the more common devices and how a patient can use these devices appropriately. First for the metered dose inhaler. The first device is called the metered dose inhaler or an MDI. This is one of the more common types of inhalers and must be used appropriately to effectively deliver the medication into the lungs. If used incorrectly, most of the medication will be deposited into the mouth or the back of the throat or in the stomach instead of the lungs. Because of this, it is very important that each patient learn how to use this inhaler device properly and practice good inhaler technique. There are three techniques that a patient can use to deliver the medications from the MDI to the lungs. These methods are called one, the closed mouth technique, secondly, the open mouth technique, and third, the spacer technique. These techniques differ only in the way the MDI is positioned in the mouth before it is used. Most patients use the closed mouth technique, however using the open mouth technique or the spacer actually improves the amount of medication delivered into the lungs. With these two techniques, less medication is deposited into the mouth and the throat or swallowed into the stomach and more of the medication gets to the targeted site, the lungs. MDIs have three main parts, the pressurized container, the metering valve, and the actuator. And this is how the three components are put together. To prepare the inhaler for use, first you must remove the cap and check for debris and then shake the inhaler. These are the first two steps that should be completed every time the inhaler is used, regardless of which technique is used to deliver the medication. The closed mouth technique may be used for fast-acting bronchodilators such as albuterol, but should not be used for inhaled steroids such as beclevant or flowvant. If you use this technique with these types of inhaled steroids, the medication can be deposited into the back of the throat and may cause a fungal infection in the back of the mouth or throat known as thrush. It is always advisable to use a spacer with an inhaled steroid to decrease the chance of developing this type of infection. Also, be sure to rinse, gargle, and spit after you use a steroid to prevent this type of infection. Today I was going to stop by and see if you could recommend something for my sore throat. I started using Floven a few weeks ago for my asthma, and ever since then my throat's been really sore and I can't hardly swallow. Okay. Have you been rinsing and spitting after each use? No, ma'am. I'm sure I haven't. Okay. You may have developed an infection in the back of your throat called thrush. If you haven't been rinsing and spitting, it's really important to do that to prevent this infection from happening. I would suggest that you call your doctor for an appointment and have your throat checked, because if it is thrush, you may need to get an antifuncle medication to treat it. I'll do that. I'll call my doctor now. Is there anything else that I can do to keep this from happening again in the future? Well, have you been using your spacer with your Floven? No, ma'am. I'm sure I haven't. Okay. You need to use your spacer with your Floven inhaler because the spacer will keep the medication from just stopping in the back of your throat and will help it get deep into your lungs where it needs to go. So it's very important to always use your spacer. If your doctor or pharmacist tells you to use the closed mouth technique with your fast-acting inhaler, you would follow these steps. Prepare the inhaler for use as described previously. Tilt the head back slightly. Breathe out completely, emptying the lungs just before use.  As you start to breathe in, press down on the inhaler to release a puff of medication. Press down only one time. Breathe in very slowly and deeply over three to five seconds. Hold your breath for at least 10 seconds or as long as possible. Normally, then wait at least one minute before the next puff. The most common mistakes with the use of the MDIs are forgetting to breathe out before using the medication and breathing in too quickly after releasing the dose. If you breathe in too quickly, the medication particles actually move too fast and ricochet off the back of the mouth and throat instead of being pulled into the lungs. More medicine is deposited in the mouth and throat and part of the dose is wasted. Be sure to count to five while breathing in to avoid this mistake. If your doctor has prescribed more than one puff of the MDI, be sure to at least wait one minute between puffs. If you are using a fast-acting bronchodilator, the medicine will actually begin working within this minute and the smooth muscle in the airways will actually begin to relax. This allows for a deeper penetration of the subsequent doses of the medication and a more effective response. Prepare the inhaler for use in the same way described for the closed mouth technique. Tilt the head back slightly. Breathe out completely, emptying the lungs just before use.  As you start to breathe in, press down on the inhaler to release a puff of medication. And remember, press down only one time. Breathe in very slowly and deeply over three to five seconds. Hold your breath for at least ten seconds or as long as you possibly can. Exhale normally and then wait at least one minute between puffs. For many patients, it is difficult to inhale the full amount of the medication quickly and difficult to handle the small inhaler device. A device called a spacer can be attached to the end of the MDI to allow more time for the patient to inhale. And a larger device for the patient to hold. A similar device called a holding chamber can also be attached to the end of the MDI. This device simply holds the medication in the chamber so that a patient can inhale the medication using several breaths. This can be especially helpful in patients with small or tight lungs such as children. Some holding chambers will actually whistle if the patient breathes in too quickly or over a time shorter than three to five seconds. This can be helpful in reinforcing the habit of breathing in slowly to get more medication into the lungs. Hi Suzanne. I see that your doctor has prescribed a medication for your asthma. And the medication that he has prescribed is called Albuterol. And that medication is used to actually relieve the tightness you feel in your chest when you're having an asthma attack. It works very quickly. But in order for the medication to work the best possible it has to get down into your lungs. And we do that by using what we call a meter dose inhaler. But if you use this incorrectly you'll get more in your throat and in your stomach than you will in your lungs. So I'm going to teach you how to use this today so that you get the most medication possible into your lungs. There's actually three ways you can use this medication. And the only difference between the three techniques is where you place the inhaler when you're using it. And so there's parts of the techniques that are the same regardless of where you're putting the inhaler or which technique you're using. The first thing you always want to do when you get your medication is open the cap of the inhaler. And that exposes the mouthpiece that you'll use in order to deliver the medication into your body. And you always want to inspect it to make sure that it's clean and there's nothing in there that might have got. If it was in your purse or something sometimes you'll get dirty when make sure it's clean and ready to use. The next thing you want to do is actually shake the inhaler. And this is a very important step. It's probably one of the most important steps you do. Because if your inhaler was in your purse and it was laying on its side like this, all of the medication actually falls to the bottom of the inhaler and it'll be stuck on the side of the inhaler. And if you pick it up to use it and you forget to shake it, you're going to be using propellant with no active medication in it. So you have to really shake it up in order to get the medication distributed with the propellant. Now just think about if you were going to spray paint something in your garage and you went out and you forgot to shake the spray paint. You would actually get globs of paint on whatever you're painting and it wouldn't be even and pretty. And that's the same type of thing you're doing here. When you shake this you're mixing the propellant with the medication so that it's ready to be inhaled into the lungs. And that's the same regardless of where you put the inhaler or which technique you use to deliver it.  So that's the first three steps that we're always going to do.  You have to think about where am I going to place the inhaler. With the closed mouth technique it's exactly what it sounds like. You're going to place the inhaler between the lips and you're going to wrap the lips around the mouthpiece but when you use the closed mouth technique. And then you're going to press down on the inhaler and actually dispense one puff of the medication. And while you're doing that you're going to breathe in very slowly over three to five seconds. And that's the hardest part because a lot of my patients they like to breathe in real fast like that. And it's not very effective when you breathe in fast.   So you have to breathe in very slowly over three to five seconds. And then after you breathe in you have to hold the medication in your lungs for at least ten seconds. So I need you to hold your breath for ten seconds or more. If you can go longer I'd love for you to go longer. Because when you're holding your breath the medicine is actually in contact with your lungs and it's finding where it's supposed to work and it's working.  So the longer it is in contact with your lungs the better that you have the delivery of the medication to the lung tissue where it needs to be. Then after you breathe out you need to wait at least one minute in between puffs to make sure that the medication that you just breathe in starts working. And especially with your medication which is called a bronchodilator, the albuterol it actually starts opening up those airways and the muscles in your lungs start relaxing and the airways actually start widening. And when you use the second puff the medicine is going to get deeper down into your lungs and it will have a better effect than the first puff did. So it's very important to wait between puffs and never use two puffs at one time. So now I'm going to show you how to do all these steps for closed mouth technique and I want you to show me and we'll see if you got it right. That ten seconds seems longer than what you would think isn't it? But that's very important that you hold their breath for at least ten seconds before you breathe out. Now if I was going to use a second puff of the medicine I would wait one minute before I use that second puff. Now let's see if you can do that. Very good. You held it for eleven seconds actually so that's very good. Any questions about the closed mouth technique? It doesn't seem too hard. I don't think I can do it. The closed mouth technique would be appropriate for your fast acting inhaler, your albuterol. That would be fine. But if your doctor ever prescribes a steroid inhaler for your asthma I don't want you to use the closed mouth technique for that. That would be something like flow vent or beck flow vent, something like that because the steroids can actually get, with the closed mouth technique get deposited on your throat and it increases your risk of thrush. So we want to use one of the other two techniques, specifically a spacer technique if you're using a steroid. But with this medication you can use that closed mouth technique and you will get some medication down your lungs.    Now I can tell you that a lot of my patients they instinctively change that. They'll have it right here just where they're supposed to but right before they press down they move in, or they move in the inhaler.  And then you're going to breathe in very slowly over three to five seconds.  Then you're going to let your breath out and then you're going to wait at least one minute before you use a second puff of the medication. So the only difference is where you're putting the inhaler. Now the reason this helps is it actually gives the distance between the back of your throat and the inhaler mouthpiece is farther and so you actually have time for the particle size of your medicine to get small enough that it goes into your lungs instead of long to your mouth and throat and into your stomach. And so it's actually the timing and the space that you need that the two inches is perfect, okay? So let me show you how to do this and I'm going to let you practice again, okay? So remove the cap, shake. Now I like to see you do it. That was perfect except for one thing. Can you think of something you did wrong? I don't know. You missed it? Okay. You forgot to breathe out, okay? Okay. So remember the breathing out is very important because it helps empty the lungs and then it gives you that reflex that you take a very deep breath in and you get it back and fill your lungs with the medicine, okay? So let's try it one more time and we want to watch one more puff. We'll pretend we waited one minute in between puffs. Okay. Okay. Do I do it after? Okay. Yeah, you breathe out. What I usually do is I position the inhaler and then I breathe out to the side and then put my head back and press down. Okay. Very good. That was perfect. That's the open mouth technique, okay? Okay. And again, you can use your albuterol using the open mouth technique and you're going to get a little bit more of the medicine down into your lungs than you did with the closed mouth technique, okay? But it's still not optimal to use with steroids. I would rather you use a spacer with steroids and the reason is that steroids, when you're using the open mouth technique, you can get a vapor of the mist that can get into your eyes and it can actually cause side effects in your eyes. And so the spacer actually eliminates the risk of having side effects in your eyes, okay? So the third technique we're going to talk about is the spacer technique and that's when you use something, either a spacer such as this or a holding chamber such as this in order to deliver the medicine. Now the best thing, the gold standard, is the holding chamber. It's a Cadillac, okay? Because it has all kinds of bells and whistles to help make sure that you use the medication appropriately. But very similar technique, you're going to remove the cap and you're going to shake the inhaler to mix the medication. And then you're going to insert the inhaler into this end of the holding chamber designed to adapt with the adapter for the inhaler, okay? You're going to insert that in here just like that. Now this other end, you just remove the cap and this is the mouthpiece for this, okay?  And then you're going to press down and the nice thing about holding chamber is it actually holds the medicine in here until you pull or breathe in and pull on the chamber to release the medication into the lungs, okay? And then you're going to breathe in really slowly and this one is really smart. It whistles at you if you breathe in too fast and it's saying slow down, okay? Then you're going to take it away and you'll hold your breath for 10 seconds before you repeat the next puff, okay? So let me show you how that would be. That's how you use a spacer. You would wait one minute before you use the second puff, okay? Okay. Let's see you do that. I'm going to remove the cap and shake it really good. Very good, okay? And just to show you how it does whistle at you if you go too fast, I'm just going to release the dose. So that would be if you were trying to breathe it in too fast and it's telling you that it's ricocheting off the back of your throat and that it's actually not getting down into your lungs. It's telling you to slow down. So if you ever hear that sound, remember to breathe in slower and count to five while you're breathing in. Okay. That's very good. Do you have any questions about how to use a meter-dose inhaler? Okay, well, great. You can always call me if you have any questions later.


Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome to the stage New York City Council member Joanne Ariola that celebrates Americans from Italian descent Italian heritage and Columbus Day descent Culture and the arts and the literature and the architecture and the buildings that came here Please welcome State Senator Joseph Adabo, Jr. And And the Italians in the room, I'm sure any Italians Let's get more specific my parents my grandparents they came from Sicily anybody from Sicily No, I didn't think so body anybody from body Yeah, a couple I Want to wish you all the best as we celebrate not Columbus Day. We celebrate Columbus month This is Italian heritage month. We're stretching this out We're stretching this out. It's Columbus Day, but it's Columbus month. Enjoy everyone. Have a great night. God bless your walls Thank you so much New York City Council member Robert Holden. I was born on the real Columbus Day October 12th before they started messing around with Mondays and stuff So that's not why I'm here my grandmother and grandfather are from a Brutzo anybody from a Brutzo here The cola and Giuliani like the mayor Anyway, it's so great to be here my good friend Tony Nunzi Otto's here and that's all I care about have to talk to him later But thank you so much and let's keep Columbus Day a national holiday. Thank you New York City Council member Justin Brandon Crazy mansion. How we doing? So I got stuck with an Irish last name, but my family's from Naples who is from Naples? For some Naples. So we are here today gathered to celebrate. We had one mayor Fiora LaGuardia Who remembers Fiora LaGuardia? And our second Italian mayor Eric Adams who brings us together tonight So let's have a good time Let's celebrate all the contributions that Italian Americans have made to this city to this state to this country And let's have a great time tonight. Thank you so much and New York City Council minority leader Joseph Borelli This is wonderful. This is wonderful. It's so nice. It's so nice to see a room a room full of all my fellow Republicans My good friend Justin Brandon forgot one of the mayors. It was Rudy Giuliani also can't forget Rudy So I want you all to close your eyes for one second if you grew up in an Italian American household You have some of these two you had photos on the wall You had photos on the wall of that ancestor the couple the mother the father The people who are your great-grandfathers or great-grandmothers or grandfathers and or fathers They were the people who made the journey from Italy to this country. I know you have their pictures on the wall So I want you to imagine yourself looking at their face And I want you to imagine their expression after all their hard work After their journey to this country after like my great-grandfather digging the subway tunnels in this city I want them to imagine Imagine seeing their descendants now at the height of culture and society and power Here in this city that they helped build This is the dream. This is the dream when they came over to this country that you would be successful So tonight you're here you're at the center of power here in New York City. You're at the center of society. You've made it So give a toast give one more drink to those people. Thank you guys and God bless Wow This is great. Oh Ladies and gentlemen, I I wish to thank Thank you. I wish to thank Mayor Eric Adams for these occasions my first occasion Celebrating with you and with the mayor The month of Italian heritage and culture And what can I say I feel so proud today to represent all of you even those who don't know me and Not only the Italian Republic You know, it's a very special month this because Yesterday we celebrated Columbus Day Now we entering a period Plenty with plenty of events Celebrating the Italian culture and heritage, but honestly be in New York It's a Italian cultural heritage day every day Wherever you go, whatever you go. Do you do you just turn around? It's Italy Whatever you say So it's an honor for me to represent Italy and the Italian American community here You know, Italy is very much synonymous with culture and when we talk about UNESCO heritage for instance UNESCO says that 60% of world arts are concentrated in Italy We know this it's a UN saying it is not us boasting about it But this is not enough of course here in in America, New York is the most Italian City in the United States possibly most Italian city outside Italy Italy has synonymous with lifestyle again, we culture art with food with Piacere di vivere. That's what they envy us. We know how to live And he comes natural we don't have to make any effort. So I always repeat a Something I was told by an American friend 100% American friend Or maybe it was Irish Which is makes it even more important. She told me New Yorkers are divided in two categories Those of who have Italian roots and those who would like to have Italian roots Now I miss the mayor. I don't know if this is true, but I'm repeating this joke every day all around New York believe me Now coming to most serious stuff and I'll be I'll be very short There's something I have to sometimes to explain Even yesterday during an interview after the parade people were asking me Why Columbus is so important. It's not even a celebration in Italy and I said yes, of course Columbus in Italy It's just an explorer who discovered America as the beginner of a modern history. That's all nothing more than this But I think it's important to explain and make people Americans and New Yorkers and even Italian American youngster understand Why Columbus is so important for all of you? Well, at least for most of you. Okay, let's put it like this and This is about telling the story of the Italian Americans here recalling why President Harrison Created the Columbus Day in 1892 was after the biggest Lynching in American history, which was against the Italians by the way and Why we say so because Columbus still today He's very much a symbol of pride of integration For your community, which I'm proud to represent here feel to represent Because it's only through sacrifices hard work and Facing prejudices bias hatred racial hatreds That the Italian Americans have got their path through this country and got integration You have to recall this to all the other communities And since I'm a diplomat I to be politically correct. I would say Celebrated Columbus is not against any community Italian American heritage is not must not be exclusive or Antithetic or alternative to any other heritage notably the indigenous people heritage America is great because of its diversity So I think it's time that people get together again and understand each other position Without claiming to have the absolute truth or the absolute historical truth So I had to come here in New York and the United States to understand better What Columbus represents for the Italian American have plenty of respect for Columbus much more than before and for all of you Thank you. Thank you very much. Please welcome first deputy mayor Lorraine Grillo Thank you. Good evening everyone I'm so privileged and and honored to be here today I just want to give you a little idea of what kind of a friend our mayor is to the Italian American community I had the privilege of being one of the grand marshals for the Brooklyn Columbus Day Parade and So as we were winding down the mayor showed up and I looked at him and I said wow Thank you so much for coming. He said Lorraine. I'm here every year He is a true friend of the Italian American community And I want to take the moment to introduce our mayor Eric Adams. Thank you, Lorraine one of the One of these saddest days of my life and I can remember like it was yesterday My my mother sat me down She says baby. I need to be honest with you You're not to sell you this This community You do the analysis You do the analysis I Got more votes From the Italian American community than any candidate that was running and the friendship over the years of My Italian American New Yorkers and beyond The friendships have been so deep Look at Arthur over there. I know Rosanna is somewhere in the crowd You know, you think about my chief of staff Frank Carone Italian my first deputy mayor Lorraine Grillo Italian You think about Ingrid Martin who wants to be Italian Peter Valone I can go through the room and you are not just Knowledgeable people in the city you have been deep friends and during the most difficult times of my time as well president Of my times in office. You have just sent me communications You have stood by me because good friends walk in the room when others walk out and This community has continuously walked in the room You have walked in the room over and over and over again and just stated that Eric We're with you Because we have a commonality We believe in families We believe in business We believe in a safe city We believe in protected innocent people This is not a difficult Relationship that we have developed because we are eye-to-eye on what's expected in our city and what we expected from our city And when we come here under this big tent We are saying that we can live under a big tent That is why this Celebration was so important That is why I enjoyed every moment of walking up Fifth Avenue Celebrating this rich heritage and you're not new You didn't just discover New York City The first person that occupied Gracie mansion was one of the greatest mayors we had in history Mayor LaGuardia blue collar Hard-working Every time I think of what type of may I want to be I think about to his commitment and dedication To every day New York is and how to create the city that we wanted to be But let me say this to you and I told the group the other day every night. I make an entry in my journal Think about this for a moment If the only entries I made in my journal Was what was bad that happened to me? Then I would define myself by the roast parts of my day but I write the totality of my day and Overwhelmingly my day is full filled with good moments and great things even in the small amount of things that could have been better We can't define our city by his darkest moments We have to define our city by our great moments Yes, we must deal with the six felony crimes that happen on our subway every day But we have to celebrate the 3.5 million people that ride that subway every day and get to their place of Destination with no problems at all if you take the worst crime and Highlight it then you are defining our entire transportation system, and that is not who we are Yes, we have to deal with those number of people who are carrying guns and make sure they go to jail and stay in jail But you got 8.8 million people in the city. That's not carrying a gun That's opening their shops that makes sure business goes on We got to celebrate that 91% of the hotel occupancies are back up and operated We lead the 25 major markets New York is not coming back. New York is back You got to go to Times Square at night and walk through the thousands of people that come from all over the globe And say they want to experience New York City the hundred and seventy five thousand jobs that we started Since January back to the city leave it leading the tech industry All that we're doing We got to celebrate New York and we have to understand that in the city of this size Yes We have a scar on our face But remember we have a face If you draw my portrait, don't draw it emphasizing the scar Draw it emphasizing the face New York is still the greatest city on the globe period period and the reason it is is Because we thought we have the largest Italian-American community in New York City From little Italy to the Arizona bridge to building the subway system to putting on a police uniform and protecting our city To the judges to the lawyers to the bar Association everywhere you look and you find success you find the Italian-American community your contribution to the city is Amazing throughout the years and I personally thank you. I Thank you because of the foundation of this community I was out in Queens when I was running for office and I stopped at a small deli in Queens called of Re-rehearsed Small Italian deli still has the Sausages hanging from the ceiling generation Generations first and second and third generation working aside the deli and you just saw that family appeal But when I go out and sit down and we have dinner together And sit around the table and we hear the generations of families and really embracing the love of the family and the grandmothers and the mothers You were the foundation of our city And I thank you for your contribution and what you represent to the city of New York We have a lot to do We have a lot to overcome But I know this city and you know this city You know that we're resilient well invincible. This is New York and the way goes New York We'll go the entire country The country depends on the success of New York City And as we move through these next few months and continue to wrestle back the city that we know and we love I Need you more than ever Because you will set the tone of the certainty and the resiliency of our city I know that and so I thank you as we celebrate the rich Heritage of the Italian American community. Let's continue to lift it up Let's continue to show the greatness of our city. Thank you very very much And we will Okay Okay Ladies and gentlemen just a moment, please We want to recognize Few people in the audience today. We are we are We have a proclamation for the Italian Heritage and Culture Committee of New York and Nancy and Delacato will be accepting on behalf of the organization Joseph Shami our president and chair Myself and the rest of the committee several of whom are here this evening We want to thank you for this special recognition For over 46 years our committee has been presenting Promoting and preserving Italian heritage and culture and every year we select a theme in which events revolve This year is no exception and we have a wonderful theme this year. It is celebrating Italian and Italian American Nobel Prize winners and since its exception in 1901 the Nobel Prize over the years has given that award that recognition to 26 Italian Italian Americans and Just few days ago. They announced a 27th winner a woman from Stanford University Who is going to receive the award in chemistry? So so we're very proud by our annual theme so in that spirit. I say thank you Okay so our next award goes to lieutenant Lieutenant-detective Joseph Petruzzano association in America and Robert Bob Fenty is accepting on behalf of the organization Let's hear it for the mayor by the way He said he's not Italian But we're adopting him tonight. What do you say? We're very fortunate To be recognized today and a very fortunate to have with us today our International delegation from Padula led by Vincenzo Lamana. Thank you so very much for Vincenzo The Lieutenant-Joseph Petruzzano associates started many years ago under another great leader Under another great leader and a dear friend of the family a dear friend of the city of New York I'm talking about speaker one Peter F belong. Let's hear it for Peter He started us 22 years ago. We're very fortunate We're very grateful for two of the Petruzzano association international here in here in the United States and a dear friend and father to the Italian-American Community a friend and mentor. We said his Peter belong Lieutenant-Joseph Petruzzano association in his international and Padula are humbled to receive this proclamation from one of the New York City police department to another Icon in the NYPD. I'm talking about Joe Petruzzano and our mayor here Thank you so very much and for this honor today. Remember we have a great we have a great city We have a museum coming out and next year. We have I want to thank Angela Vibalon, Columbus Citizens Foundation for all their hard work Let's hear it for our parade Thank you so very much, and this is our brother tonight and forever. Thank you again Also, we want to present you with the first frame poster of our Italian Heritage and Culture Committee theme this year And again, it is celebrating the Italian and the Italian-American Nobel Prize winners the motto of the Nobel Prize is For the greatest benefit of mankind and in that spirit I believe all of those people here in this room and government office and those of us who are involved in Italian Heritage and Culture. We keep that dear to us in our spirit and our hearts. So in that spirit I want to give you this poster Joy and even grace in you all


Hello, my name is Abby, and I'm in my final year here at Cambridge Reading Law. I think one of the great things about doing law here at Cambridge is that you get a chance to choose not only what you're going to study but as well you get to choose how you're going to study it. And for my final year I decided that I wanted to do a dissertation, currently finishing off my dissertation which is based on the Infanticide Act and it was in the Women in the Law seminar. One of the key things I've enjoyed about doing a dissertation is just the freedom to work on your own idea. I've come up with a new idea that hopefully no one's ever worked on before and I've really built it up and seeing it coming together at the end has been just absolutely great and I've never done anything like it before. I think one of the key challenges about the dissertation was doing the presentation because everyone in the seminar each week has to present their idea to the group and then we all get to talk about what they're doing and give some constructive criticism. And whilst it was daunting preparing for the presentation, once I was there it really helped me to actually iron out my idea and to see what kind of criticisms would come in about it so that I could actually argue better development. My argument so to speak. I think that there's a lot of support as well with doing the dissertation. I was a bit worried about doing it because it's 12,000 words and I hadn't ever done a sustained piece of writing before. However, we have seminar leaders that are there you can email or talk to about your idea if you're not feeling that great about it and they'll often highlight ways that you can improve or directions that you can take. So I would strongly recommend people to do a dissertation if they wanted to sort of work more independently and be a bit more flexible with their time.


knowledge say that you're either calling to something or you are being called to something no third option right now in our society god rejecting deviants are openly saying that they are going to quote convert our children we will convert your children they are saying they are saying this openly now no more hidden agendas no more conspiracy theories it's all open we want to convert your children they want to convert our children into accepting their deviant lifestyles and perverted philosophies but in order for them to do this they need muslims to forsake their tradition and accept the current zeitgeist they need us to accept this highly intolerant and coercive liberalism that has now openly declared ideological war on traditional religion this is their project this is their project and let me tell you something we are gradually becoming the last line of defense when it comes to traditional religion in the world we the umma of the prophet muhammad sallallahu alayhi wa sallam have been entrusted with the millah of ibrahim alayhi wa sallam we we must not allow ourselves to be bullied or intimidated be upright as you have been commanded be strong resolute stand up straight stand up warn people about their behavior say allahu akbar purify yourself shander defilements and idolatry don't expect anything from them and be patient this is our project this is our project we are the last line of defense the vast majority of jews no longer believe in the 13 principles of faith as articulated by mymonides their greatest classical theologian the historical critical method has ripped to the tolerates of shreds most jews today are non-practicing they go to the synagogue for cultural or social purposes or they practice reform judoism where they can eat whatever they want and their halaka their sharia is optional even belief in god is optional is not required the current pope of the roman catholic church is an extreme liberal who constantly offends his traditional and conservative followers this is the leader of a billion catholics he's made strange and bizarre comments about the existence of hell about civil unions about the latin mass something strange is going on with this guy most christian churches in the west have let the woke circus through their doors they have capitulated to the same coercive liberalism that has overrun the academy like a scourge they surrender to the mob that claim that their beliefs were not only offensive but constituted violence your beliefs not actions your beliefs are violent the mob said so they let the circus in and once you let the circus in sooner or later the clowns will run the show amazingly during this time people in the west continue to convert to islam allahu akbar it's really not that surprising it makes sense when you think about it islam is a religion of human fitra it appeals to our natural disposition people naturally love monotheism uncompromising monotheism they are attracted to the simplicity of muslim worship bowing and prostrating without icons without statues they are attracted to the prophet sallallahu alaihi wa alaihi wa sallam who was respectful of others yet uncompromising when it came to his principles people respect that even his enemies respected him for that they are attracted to how islam recognizes the difference and uniqueness of men and women how they are equal but not identical how they are complements not rivals not antagonists they're attracted to the sanctity of human life in islam and the equality of all human beings before god for them islam is totally refreshing in the face of the current zeitgeist and of course there is a place for for culture in islam there is a maxim in the sharia that says that which is known through custom or culture is like that which is legislated by revelation but there is a caveat any cultural practice must be circumscribed within the hudud the bound of the sacred law it must not violate the revelation which is from Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala there's no such thing as obedience to creation in disobedience to the creator interestingly a lot of middle aged adults are converting to islam these are people who have had some time to think and ponder about life and the current state of affairs in the world they have come to see through the lies and deceptions of the current zeitgeist many of these converts who live in europe are total submarines a submarine is a muslim who has chosen not to make his faith to anybody only Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala knows who they are you'll notice that children because they are close to the fitrah they love a line as messenger children with terminal cancer never complain they accept the qadr they are awliya but then when they go to public schools and colleges they become exposed to this postmodern philosophy critical theory deconstructionism atheistic materialism post structuralism radical hermeneutics etc etc and they have a falling away their fitrah takes a hit their common sense is questioned but then eventually when they get older and wiser with experience when they begin to do some real thinking on their own they come to realize this is happening everywhere right now these unnatural deceptive and irrational philosophies are making people miserable these philosophies turn the world into a godless battleground where different identity groups are constantly vying for power everything becomes a struggle for power these backward philosophies turn people into mean-spirited self-righteous cynics it bifurcates the world into two classes the oppressed and the oppressor and ironically those who are often labeled as oppressed are actually the oppressors and vice versa toba and shukr and toad or humility are thrown out the window and people are getting tired of it they're getting tired they want an alternative and they're discovering islam they're discovering the prophet muhammad sallallahu alaihi wa la alaihi wa sallam