The following is a presentation of TFNN The Trader's Edge with Steve Rhodes At 1-877-927-6648 or internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER> The Trader's Edge Now Steve Rhodes Good morning folks. Welcome to the June 23rd the fantastic Friday day Presentation of today's Trader's Edge show. I'm here with Stevie Perseverance Rhodes who absolutely knows that each of us should always be Pioneers of our future versus prisoners of our past Hope everyone out there's having a great day and let's make sure we have an extraordinary one And now the easiest way to do that is to always remember that life is happening for us not to us That's right When you and I make that one little two-by-four shift means we can find the gift in every set of circumstance that life is gonna toss at us Now today you and I we're gonna go check on the circumstance of these markets We'll go figure out what those bulls and bears what those buyers and sellers are communicating to you and I just passed 11 o'clock in the morning. I do want you know, I'm absolutely grateful for your presence here But even more important than that and that's this during this next 53 minutes. I'm here to serve you So feel free to pick up that phone. You can dial on it eight seven seven nine two seven six six four eight Now if you got a question, but you can't call in send me an email Send that off to Steve at tfn.com and inside the subject And if you'd be good enough to put radio show question now if you're inside our tiger's den Well than any in every ping will do so let's go ahead and get this show started on Fantastic Friday, of course. This is tiger financial news network. I'm Steve Rhodes Welcome to the show right now. You get all us indices traded downside I was down by 203 points about six tenths seven tenths for the S&P 32 a little over 1% for the Nasdaq 100 159 The Russell's down eight tenths or 15 points the semis are down one and eight tenths or 65 points trainees up three tenths percent That's a 50-point move there gold is up 10 bucks with silver being off eight cents sliced recruit is back a buck Now it's a gas up four pennies a 30 treasury printed out at 1 27 23. That's up 23 ticks the US dollar index I do have a 10-minute delay. It shows it printed out at about 102 61. That's up 616 ticks Leading the charge dollar wise the upside you've got car max up eight bucks and change That's a little bit almost 11 percent Burlington stores nearly six bucks a little over three and a half percent Florida core holdings nearly five percent for 40 You've got Celsius holdings up four bucks and change that's a 3% move wing stop up four bucks 2% move there the shakers to the downside Mercado Libre off three and a half percent 43 bucks as mill holdings 18 bucks 2.6 percent Avgo 18 bucks 2% Serepta therapeutics is down 11 bucks. It's nearly a 10% move and lamb research up nearly 2% 11 bucks to the downside there So let's begin our day by taking let go where we at market bread. Well, let's let's do this Let's answer the first question first question came in from defining time and defining time wants to know He's been in the queues since Tuesday I'll assume Tuesday morning. So he's pretty close to break even maybe there's a little bit of profit in it And the question is get out or hold so really answer that question what we need to do or what we should do or well Let's do this here Let me stay on this page Gonna need to show you one thing about the queues the first thing is if you take a look at now Just simply expand out the page so defining time here. You've got the end queue And on this page, it's a bearish structure daily profile and what price did yesterday's it got down a test support They get right down to it got close enough the actual low yesterday 14964 the bottom the profile 14950 Top of the profiles at 15 370 out there. So you're gonna get a consolidation going on inside here I would normally say a price close below 14950 then you would jettison the position I would say, okay The trend is changing, but I can't say that the reason I can't I mean I can't say that but I won't say that I'll just give you that data point what I then will say is I'd say let's go move over to the white background chart So this can help me so you can help you understand the point that I'm trying to make If that's even possible here We take a look at the daily time frame chart and we'll also expand this out You see there's a slightly different profile and that different profile now We're using the exact same data here that profile is 14 845 so the range before you get a Confirmation let's say to jettison your position. So that would certainly be flat or go short Would be a break of support and so that range is gonna be 14 845 to 14 950 So we wanted to get that you want to be able to use those profile levels even though we have two different ones That's okay as more information is better than less information here. So we know that now What else can we learn about the NQ's? Well, basically every single time frame that we have up here Has a bottom pattern. That's the five hour the four hour the two hour the 60 minute 30 15 minute And the 10 minute charts the daily doesn't have a bottom pattern It's just consolidating with inside its profile if we switch over to the five hour chart yesterday And I believe was doing this when we were on the air the pattern didn't complete until 2 p.m It's this confirmed a Gartley by pattern. It did that because it formed that nice bullish engulfing candle So we've got a bottom there and that says this that says if you close below or this close of blows certainly on a five hour Time frame below 14 970 that's going to suggest lower price. Well, we know we've got 14 950 and 14 845 those would be the two levels you would be looking at but you do have a valid bottom right now in a five hour timeframe chart out here, so what I could I tell you to Go short here the answer would be no when I tell you to buy here Or you're already in so it's really get out or hold since you're this clothe to basically your break even on Tuesday I'd stay at least that's a message of the five hour chart the four hour chart also as a confirmed Gartley by pattern Now it's Gartley by pattern didn't confirm until early this morning at 6 a.m. And then I know I take that Back that was at 6 a.m. Yesterday yesterday. All right. Yeah, okay this yesterday When it confirmed that by the d-point pattern at breakout support of 14 976 So again, you're looking at yesterday's low the two-hour chart this confirmed a rose meant to mitigate her bottom That is still in play the same thing with regard to the 60-minute chart the same thing with regard to 30 on the 30-minute chart and the has a buy the d-point pattern and you had a rose meant to mitigate a bottom of a 60-minute chart that was one that formed yesterday Today you also have a buy the d-point pattern now with those with those Instruments need to do or this instrument needs to do for this time frame 60 minute 30 minute really all of them in order to Suggest that there is upside movement the reason that you got into this trade They would have to take out price would have to take out those oscillator and change lines And they haven't done that as we speak just yet the 15 minute has a teeny-nike out bottom Roach meant to mitigate her bottom on the 10-minute chart here I would say the level that needs to fall to suggest that maybe there's some room for this rally to run would be 15 129 so you've got bottom patterns on the majority of the time frames that we look at a Consolidation going on inside the daily, you know, there's nothing wrong If this really doesn't take off would I hold this over the weekend? I wouldn't see a real benefit of necessarily doing that knowing that we do have a top Daily top inside the end queue out there But intraday, there's no reason for you to not hold on to it and see how this market Responds going the rest of that have a stop in place. That's for sure So I do hope that helps you out now defining time I could switch over and take a look at the queues Which I will do here. They're not really going to provide us while they shouldn't provide us with the type of information That we just got off of those charts here here on the daily time frame 358 47 is the bottom of its profile now. I'd really be using That's not it. I would really be using the that's not it either. Please I Would really be using the end queue charts that we took a look at for your signals out here But you do have a new profile 358 47 it matches on both sets of charts that I use out there So you could use that if you see a close below that odds favor that there's a change in trend So defining time. I hope that helps you out. We get back to this break. We're gonna take a look at Costco One of our dinners will be right back Currencies commodities and bond markets are as important as ever right now with how they're driving the volatility in equity markets across the globe Which is why it's a great time to try out Teddy Keg stats Tiger 4x report Teddy Keg stat breaks down the 4x markets every Monday using his 30 plus years of experience as a trading veteran of futures 4x stocks and options Teddy releases his weekly Tiger 4x report every Monday morning with coverage of all the major currency pairs Including the dollar index the euro dollar pound dollar dollar Swiss dollar yen as well as many more And he also has weekly coverage of the crude oil market and the 30 year t-bonds as they both influence 4x markets tremendously When you sign up for the Tiger 4x report you also gain instant access to Teddy 60 minute webinar archive He just hosted 4x strategies and fundamentals What is behind the Tiger 4x report for all the details and to start your 30-day Tiger 4x report subscription today? Visit the front page of TFNN comm TFNN educating investors You might think that if you want to be successful at trading in the stock market You're going to need a crystal ball after all it's impossible to predict the future right like any endeavor in life before you decide It's impossible get some advice from the experts You might find that it's not so impossible after all for daily market Overviews that give you direction on the key indices selective stocks and commodities Subscribe to the opening call newsletter at TFNN comm the opening call newsletter is written by Basil Chapman Creator of the trading methodology known as the Chapman wave the Chapman wave up down sequence gives you an edge in Identifying price turns finding the peaks and valleys and stock prices get the opening call newsletter by Basil Chapman in your Inbox every day first-time subscribers also get a 30-day money back guarantee if you're not satisfied Let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up TFNN comm educating investors Steve Rhodes started his trading career as a student almost 20 years ago and the student has now become the master Steve won the prestigious timer of the year award in 2018 and barely missed that mark again in 2019 finishing at number two for the year an Amazing accomplishment Steve Rhodes is committed to sharing his techniques and knowledge with anyone who wants to learn and he shares his vast amount of trading knowledge every day it is mastering probability newsletter Steve's award-winning newsletter Mastering probability is delivered every trading day with updates throughout the afternoon sign up for Steve's market newsletter Mastering probability and you'll receive access to seven of Steve's educational webinars Absolutely free at TFNN all our newsletters come with a 30-day money back guarantee So you have absolutely nothing to worry about visit TFNN comm and try mastering probability 30 days risk-free today TFNN educating investors Toll free at 1-877-927-6648 Internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER> Looking back folks still got to all US equities trading to the downside does off about 197 S&P down 32 Nasdaq 173 we're taking a look at Costco The question here this comes in from a zip inside the Tigers den and the question about Costco is by hold or Basically stay flat out here. So we take a look at Costco. We can see this bottom way back here when I say way back I'm talking about March 3rd. That's the low out here at bottom of the TD 9 count It has then since gone on to make an A to B Equal C to D pattern and it confirmed that cell point out here with this bearish engulfing candle That was back on June the 16th. I believe that was last Last Friday so you've got to confirm cell pattern out here now when you get a confirmed cell All that it really gives sellers right to do is push back and try to test support in the case of Costco out here It has a bullish structured profile what I mean by that The top of the profiles where sellers are at the bottom of profiles where buyers are at the center is where both buyers and sellers Believe there's fair value with inside this range since buyers and sellers. Okay, the center is closer to the bottom That's why I refer to it as a bullish structured profile You've got all kinds of buyers at 514 71 and you have let's say 50 percent buyers at 518 out there So bullish structured profile. So if you were looking to get in you'd want to do it in the support zone That zone is between 514 71 and 518 85 Price is below its green oscillator and change line with that top that's in place out here. So is it a is it a sell? It's not a sell because first of all It's not a sell from the standpoint of going short cost go because price held But even though you've got a top at price held that bullish structured a profile level Is it a time to buy? I would say no if you wanted to try to begin a position here because you had a real hankering to do that Then you'd be looking for it between that 514 71 518 85 area as we look at the weekly time frame chart The weekly time frame chart shows a nice rally over the past several months out here several weeks prices Attaining its prior swing point on a weekly base of this swing point is from December 2nd back in 2022 And the volume there was 17 million shares last week You were pushing up with 9.4 this week. We're short of day, but it's only 4.3 So you're pushing up with light volume not really an encouraging reason to go ahead and enter a position And on a monthly basis out here, you just have a good old fashion consolidation with insight its profiles out there So not really provide us with a ton of information, but it's not does screaming out to you and I that doubt this should be a buy Lastly, I don't know if it's lastly, but let's take a look at what Costco typically does its seasonal pattern Now what we can see here is that we have a nice bottom up again on May 25th out here We've seen really quite a rally since then we've gone from about the 475 level up to about 531 Well, let's take a good Costco over the last 37 years because that's all the data that we have and understand its seasonal pattern And that's what's up on your screen right now The red vertical line is basically where we're at today Well, we can see about Costco's it typically forms a bottom right around May 25th. I don't remember what that date was when was this bottom May 25th. Are you kidding me? How does that work? I don't know how it works. I just know that it does work but over the over the 37 year history of I didn't make this stuff up I'll over the 37 year history for Costco and you can see here my take a look at the bottom area We can see that June is a pretty decent performing month not as good as November and followed up by March But then June or even October is is pretty good June is the fourth best month of the year for Costco And what Costco typically does is it typically runs in up to the early part of July Maybe around the 15th 16th or so and then it begins its move lower that move lower take us into October 25th so That being said knowing that you've got you know what you get in now on June the 24th Knowing that this thing is likely to top here in the early part of July Just something for you to consider out there if you get a pullback in that support Love you want to take a trade just be aware of the seasonal pattern that is out there and be aware that she's the last bottom That form tied right into that seasonal pattern So I don't know if the top will do the same and we already have a top that sell the d-point pattern But maybe they get negated and there's another top that forms right around July So zip I hope that that helped you out with regard to what's going on inside of Costco Make sure I'm clear on that. I would not be buying it. The only buy zone could be in that 514 518 area Let's take a look at our next question. This comes in from Pat a past question goes like this. What number? Should he use for the apogee and perigee pivot points? So that's a great question out there Apogee that's when the moon is furthest from earth during the current lunar cycle came in yesterday at exactly 1235 now I realize you can do some searching on the internet and you're gonna get bogus bad data Where that information comes from is the new American ephemera ephemera is that is the Bible for celestial times Where things are positioned? You get you grab stuff off the internet It's not time at least into what we're using it for and how we use apogee and perigee the answer to your question is I Use it right the open right at that moment in time. So in this case here I took this chart since it was at 1235. I went to five minutes as increments out there and use the open of Price at that specific point in time that specific moment. So that was yesterday at 1235 So as an example for the ES mini that number is 44 12 75 in the case of the NQ that number is 15 137 25 in the case of gold it's at 1926 70 and in the case of lights we crude that number is at 69 46 That's the August contract that we're talking about both for gold and for lights we crude So those would be the numbers to pay attention to why is that important? It doesn't happen 12 Well 24 times of the year 26 times of the year Basically where it works a hundred percent of time But you would be amazed at how well this acts and for reasons I can't tell you as support or resistance levels because it is really a random But it's not so random it turns out it really is a random data point But it's not really that random So I pay attention to it and I hope that that helps you out Pat and thanks much for the question Any other questions? Let's see here by email. There is no other questions by email I think I have gotten to everything, but let me just run through here Find a time to welcome Steve auto nation fill trade So let's go over take a look at a and as a ticker symbol out here see what screens am I I know I wasn't showing you here My apology here are the data points change windows. I'll go back for the apogee pivot point So here you've got that so here's the charts for apogee guys in the den you can make a copy of it What have you and so you've got it for a forest with the ESN q gold on the lower left and then lights we crude on the Lower right out there. Now. Let's go back and take a look at auto nation That's for Phil and let's see if we can understand what Phil's question is we have to read it obviously Let's get those white background charts Phil says Steve is auto nation finishing up a move. Well, you know what it's doing today On a daily basis Phil. It's negating a TD 9 count top So this tells us about a strong momentum move to the upside at least on the daily time frame, okay? So that's what it says for the daily now. Let's take a look at the weekly time frame the weekly time frame Let me just open up this chart see if that's a all-time high Looks like it is so what price is doing right now. It's taking on its all-time high That's from the month of that's from the week of February 17th the volume on that push higher was 6.3 Billions bill no 6.3 million shares this week and we're day short. We're at 1.6 million Is it the question was is it finishing an up move? It's running into maybe natural resistance by not having the volume to clear that but on the daily time We'll come back to this Phil. You're now negating a TD 9 count That says that that high is gonna at least get tested or at least should get tested. We'll be right back gold report as a precious metal gold is still king It continues to hold the most effective safe haven and hedging properties across the global major trading hubs of the London OTC market The US futures market and the Shanghai gold exchange the gold report Tom O'Brien publishes his weekly gold report every Monday morning for subscribers consisting of coverage of the XAU HUI GDX the dollar bonds the South African Rand as well as 25 different mining equities with specific buy-sell recommendations the gold report New subscribers get a 30-day money back guarantee so you have nothing to risk Subscribe to Tom O'Brien's gold report newsletter now at tfnn.com Tfnn has just launched their new trading room the Tigers n hosted at discord Tfnn has been educating traders for more than 20 years with live programming hosted by a variety of professional traders during market hours And now they are expanding their reach with the Tigers den available to all Tigers and Tigris's for just one dollar for the year There's no catch or added costs when you join our community of traders in the Tigers den You can look over the shoulders of Tom O'Brien and the other Hosts while they analyze charts during their live Tiger TV programs and join an interactive trading community with hundreds of members exchanging ideas interact with other Tigers and Tigris's as they share trading ideas news analysis and discuss the market action all trading day Even at night and on the weekends the Tigers den at discord is accessible on mobile or tablets as well So it's always at your reach to sign up today and become a part of this educational community of traders Just visit the front page of tfnn.com Sharpening your skills as an investor is like getting better at playing a musical instrument You have to practice sure, but you also need excellent instruction from experts at tfnn You'll get advice and guidance from the authority in technical market analysis And it's not just dry tedious text either tfnn airs live financial content streamed live on tfnn.com and Tfnn's YouTube channel with Tiger TV live every market day from 8 30 a.m. To 4 p.m. Eastern for free each host is an experienced trader and gives their take on the market while taking calls and questions live from around the World from the moment the market opens until the closing bell sounds Tiger TV has eight different shows with expert hosts to help You make the right moves with your money watch online at tfnn.com or on tfnn's YouTube channel and become the investor you were born to be tfnn educating investors This segment is brought to you by think or swim for more information Just click the think or swim banner on the front page of tfnn.com Welcome back folks. So we take a look at AutoNation out here By trading about two and a half percent today taking out a TD9 account pattern on it's a daily time frame We don't have any kind of a topping signals on the weekly or the month We just have price running in resistance now on a monthly base. That was a bearer shooting star candle So that's where your resistance is at at that 158 30 and a monthly basis that month the month of February 2023 had sixteen point nine million shares this month Which we're gonna end here pretty soon rolling about nine point eight million So you're moving up into that doesn't mean it can't take it out But you are moving up to that area with lighter volume and so maybe it sets up somewhat of a consolidation I just don't know but your question was is the move over and I have to say the daily time frame is saying it's not But you know, maybe all it's gonna do is test that high now if it takes out that high What you're gonna get is a gigantic a to b equal CD pattern to the upside so just to take a look at that I'm not saying that that's what we have but that's certainly something you want to consider if you are long this instrument So the a to b would kind of look like well really here's here's what we would do We go all the way up that all-time high and then what we do is we copy that and paste it and Move that down to where the new C point would be at so let's go ahead and do that. I'll be about right Geez can't even I've got a scrunch the chart in order to even do that But here would be the a to b equal CD pattern. Obviously, we don't have the volume Do you have to have the volume in order to get an a to b equal CD pattern? The answer there is absolutely not it's just when you get it Maybe we think we believe in it increase of the odds That will at least go ahead and complete the pattern this case here about 183 23 would be a price projection out there. So if we're in Auto Nation, I'd stay in it Did we look what would we look to see what it's a seasonal pattern is we should do that So let's take a look see if we've got the data an takes a moment here to see if it will pull that up If I get nothing such as I've got right now We don't have Auto Nation so I can't help you out with Auto Nation on a seasonal pattern out there Which should I could but you've got the data? They've got the data as we speak right now. So I do hope that that helps you out the next question going back to Apigee and perigee So let me just switch back to those charts the question is what software do I use but maybe I'm not understanding the question So if you use any charting software first of all all you need to know is the data points When is the next Apigee when is the next perigee here is the a chart and then you're using so I'll just simply open up My ES mini chart. I'll put it to a five minute time frame since we know that Apigee came in at 1235 Exactly, so I'll just simply pull this back and right here. This is the candle 1235 if you take a look at my Screen and at the bottom you see 1235 for June 22nd out there that open when it's hard to read that at 44 12 75 So that's what just yet and you're all lying now you can do this I haven't tested out you can do it on your other since this occurred at 1235 while the mark was open You can try putting that line on the instruments that you have a long position on here You can see how in the case of Apigee in the ESS a five minute time frame price got up to that level back here at 315 on June 23rd. We can see how that acted as resistance. It was a random point, but it's not so random Why is it not so random? That's a great question. That's because other trading houses use this I Guarantee you they use this now. Maybe that wasn't your question. Maybe your question was where do I get the data point? So this is the These are the Aspects that deal with the moon out here. This goes from 2001 to 2100. So you got June 22nd here You could see Apigee came in at 1835. This is all this is the new American ephemeral sets all been digitized I've got 300 years worth of data out here. It could get more if I needed it But 300 years was plenty of data and so the next cycle the next Lunar aspect that comes in that we would pay attention to be the full moon That's on July 3rd now. You must understand that this shows 1835 in the time frame That's because it's using a different time zone. It's not using the eastern time zone So what you have to do is using ephemeral time zone So you have to back this back you back it back by five hours when we're in daylight saving time and back it up by four Hours when we are not in daylight saving time the full moon you have to do that with any of these time frames out here The next perigee is at 2239. That is on Tuesday July the 4th out there. So in that case the market will not be open The futures market though the futures market will be a likely will be I'm not sure what to see. I'm not sure what's actually open on July 4th out there But what do we do what you would use there if the market is closed You would use the close of the prior session and the open of the current session And then you really just have to watch all price deals with both of those lines out there So I hope that that DKC I hope that that answered your question with regard to apigee and Parigee again the data points come from the new American ephemeral you can buy that It's not an expensive book out there and you can have the exact time frames or you can just search for them on the internet and use the wrong times That's really up to that's really up to you The next question coming in from a jambalai wants to take like a ticker symbol ELF So ELF, I don't know what that is, but let's go find out what it is and what maybe it's doing So this is getting populated on my screen. That is ELF beauty ink trading out right now to about 109 83 now what you could get today is a rose mint and indicator top jambalaya If this generates a bearish reversal candle right now, you've got a bear sash candle This would generate a rose mint and indicator top now if this were to close Let's just say this was the close and you and I were looking at it over the weekend Well, we would say that even though you've got a confirmed top rose mint and indicator top It's overall signal is neutral the reason that it would be neutral is because prices above the top of its profile 107 15 and it's above a green oscillator and change line. That is a very strong momentum level So you wouldn't be selling this even though you have a top, but you would be cautious That's for sure if we look at the weekly time frame This thing is really stretched out here, but it is taking out a rose mint and indicator top So a close above I can't tell which height is it's 108 40 108 43 or 10845 a close above 10845 negates that signal and tells us about a further move higher That would be strong move and on the week monthly time frame chart it negated its TD 9 count right away So tells you about strong momentum moves inside this instrument ELF, which is ELF beauty ink It looks like it wants to continue to move higher out here now move higher to where so that's a great question That is a great question Can we look at a switch over to oh, I'm on the black background search. You haven't seen the white background So it's my apology. Let me move over there. I'll just quickly give you that re Restate again here. It's a daily time frame pill You can see today right now as we speak in here jambalaya It is a bear sash candle that would confirm a rose mint and indicator top But again price above the top of the profile and green oscillator and change line Here you can see that last week generated a rose mint and indicator top the week before did as well You had a shooting star bearish candle and that you had no I take that back And you had a key reversal bar on that last last week out there So close above that key reversal bar is going to say which is likely is going to do You've got a strong move to the upside and you can see here on the monthly chart No topping signal now what I was going to do is go back to the black background charts and draw the a to b Equal CD pattern and see what it's nice next price projection level is we'll do that by utilizing the weekly time frame chart So boy, there's a number of a to b equal CD patterns that you can use here. We're going to break Stevie's gonna study this maybe we're gonna go use the monthly time frame chart just to get the cleanest Yeah, we use that to get the cleanest a to b equal CD pattern for elf beauty a You might think that if you want to be successful at trading in the stock market You're going to need a crystal ball after all it's impossible to predict the future, right? Like any endeavor in life before you decide it's impossible get some advice from the experts You might find that it's not so impossible after all for daily market overviews that give you direction on the key indices Selective stocks and commodities Subscribe to the opening call newsletter at TFNN comm the opening call newsletter is written by Basil Chapman Creator of the trading methodology known as the Chapman wave the Chapman wave up down sequence gives you an edge in Identifying price turns finding the peaks and valleys and stock prices get the opening call newsletter by Basil Chapman in your Inbox every day first time subscribers also get a 30-day money back guarantee if you're not satisfied Let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up TFNN comm educating investors Everything in the universe is governed by the Fibonacci sequence This mathematical principle is responsible for everything from the most aesthetically pleasing artwork to patterns in the stock market To stay on top of stock patterns You can take advantage of sign up for the Fibonacci 24 7 newsletter at TFNN comm When you subscribe you'll get a weekly report from veteran day trader Larry Pezzavento on stocks You need to pay attention to and you can trust Larry's analysis after all He's got 45 years experience as a day trader Larry will also provide daily charts videos and data on the key markets Expect notifications from Larry on market movement You need to act on at any time first time subscribers also get a 30-day money back guarantee if you're not satisfied Let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up Subscribe to the Fibonacci 24 7 newsletter today TFNN comm educating investors Are China a shares hot or not if you trade China a shares now may be time to take a closer look trade CHA you or CHA D directions daily CSI 300 China a share bull and bear ETFs China a shares in either direction visit direction investments comm today an investor should consider the investment Objectives risks charges and expenses of the direction shares carefully before investing the prospectus and summary prospectus contain This and other information about direction shares to obtain a prospectus or summary prospectus Please contact direction shares at<PHONE_NUMBER> the prospectus or summary prospectus should be read carefully before investing an investment in the funds Is subject to risk including the possible loss of principal the funds are designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors such as traders and active investors distributor four-side fund services LLC This program is brought to you by Vista gold traded on the NYSE American and TSX under the symbol VGZ Welcome back folks. So we're taking a ticker symbol ELF. We're trying to figure out. Hey, maybe where is this thing headed to it? It's been a rocket ship. I'm on the monthly chart showing you the a-to-b equal CD pattern I don't really have anything that expands out above 3.618 with that that next target is 1503 out here So, you know, what do I do? There's a series of a-to-b equal CD patterns as we take a look at the daily time frame out here Did that go away? I guess it did. We'll just have to draw it in here. So when I take a look at my eyes I'm looking at the the most recent a-to-b equal CD pattern that's set up on the a daily time frame So for me my eyes what they pick out here is they pick out This is the b-point when I say this it's a trading day of January 12th That's the a point the b-point that's going to be the trading section of April 24th It does retracement down into May 24th The b-point which had volume of 1.2 million shares was passed with 4 million shares out there So you have a confirmed a-to-b equal CD the upside You have a new profile that formed today jambalaya. This is below price. That is a bullish message out here So the next price target out here is going to be 13273 and that is for ticker symbol ELF. So I hope that helps you out. Thanks much for taking the time to write in Let's get to our next question next question coming in from Mimi. Maybe wants to take a look at ticker symbol M-a-r-a so we're going to change screens here Let's go to the white background screens and I'll actually open up the question make sure that I get it Mimi just simply says please take a look at Mara. So as we take a look at Mara out here What do we see I'm going to open this up on the daily time frame try to get a feel I see an a-to-b a-c-to-d That was a confirmed sell the d-point pattern out there that suggests that resistance that it really needs to take out I'll give you the price point is at 1283 price got up to that level out here And it found resistance, but it's not like it's it's still bullish What because you don't have a topping pattern and you've got a Uh, you've got price trade above the top of its profile and above its green oscillator and changeline Your question was take a look at it. Well from a daily timeframe it looks really pretty good. Now it does have a wave seven top So we can see that that's letter g on my screen out here So really in order for this to get further upside momentum You need to see a close above that 1290 level if you do that then price should run to 1412 and 1667 That's what the daily chart is telling us The weekly chart says this wants to run to 1412. No idea whether to get through that That is where price broke down the last time when it formed that nice td9 count bottom And rose momentum indicator bottom at the lows So 1412 becomes the next price target I would say the way this is traded on the daily timeframe the way that's traded on the monthly timeframe That is a very likely outcome me me a price is above its red oscillator and changeline on a monthly basis As long as that condition remains that signaling to you and I about a potential Change in trend that should at least take us to the 1412 level That's again the weekly td9 count breakdown area and if price get above that you're looking at the run to the 2335 ish range. So I hope that helps y'all me me Thanks for taking the time to write in sat p wants to take a look at tickle symbol a ap And he's looking for an entry point So this generated wave number seven bottom and a rose momentum indicator bottom Those were both confirmed on june the year 12 Now the volume of that uh swing point low that's on the trading day Earlier june 9th was 3.3 million shares. So far today you are at 781 000 shares If I multiply that times three We're still a little bit light on the volume category, but price might be headed back there So what I'd be watching for is that high 64 88 You'll be watching to see what volume is doing as it comes down there Why would we say it's still likely to come down there? And the only reason that I have for you at least at this moment Is because price is trading below the bottom of its daily profile as I look to the weekly charts What I don't see out here at least nothing that stands out at me at the moment Although it's probably an a to b s so there's a to b equal cd So this did generate a buy the d-point pattern last week when it formed that little bull sash candle But price is still trading inside right now the weekly swing point. So the high of the weekly swing point is 68 40 volume there was 18.6 million for this week. You're pulling back with 10 million We know we're short of day the average uh average volume on this is about three million shares So that still says so I you're inside that swing point. I really think you need to watch that swing point You've got the daily bottom and a weekly bottom. Let's see what we have on the monthly timeframe out here The monthly is in bar number eight and we know that uh a bottom can form on bar number eight It's the low of the pattern at the end of the month if we do have a completed bar number eight It's favorite this will make a td nine count bottom pattern But it can't be on bars nine to the bar five which could take us lowers that could be a couple months So because you have that bar number eight there of a potential bottom I'd be watching again the daily I'd be watching the volume We've got that pattern out there and the price can pull back into that swing point In the date of that swing point was on uh june the 9th out there and it's doing it with less than 3.3 million shares If it tests it that means at least gets down to 66 69 so it gets to 66 68 and closes back above it on lighter volume That could be an entry point. Just realize this thing has not proven itself to you because price was able to run up On that last bottom pattern right up into resistance the bottom of that profile So that's going to be your strong resistance level. So hope that helps you out sat p with regard to AAP that's advanced auto parts greg wants to take a look at sofi out here. So let's not see what greg's question is Greg's question is Can you give me some parameters on sofi i'm not in but we'd like to start a position We was looking at the td nine that was negated on april on may 31st And the current one that formed on june 13th. What do you think? Well june 13th is a td nine count top So we can all see that out there it actually completed on june 14th the bar following bar number nine So you get to see that in action. What has that led to? Well, it's possible that what it's leading to is an a to b equal cd to the downside So I just want to look at my other church. It's easier for me to quickly peek at the volume the b point on this a to b Equal cd pattern that would be the trading day of june 20th the volume of 49 million shares Today you've already done 35 million shares. So sofi Is generating a confirmed a to b equal cd to the downside now It needs to still close below the b point which is at eight dollars and 20 cents. You're at 809 right now So greg assuming that it closed below a 20 you will then get a confirmed a to b equal cd to the downside I don't have a drawn in here But on my other charts it gets us down to 674 turns out at 663 as a td nine count breakout level So you're looking for a possible entry area. I would say it's towards that 663 mark It's towards the a to b equal cd pattern now the retracement here Which is really the low of the bar that's labeled number two up to the high of bar number three Is only a 28 percent retracement out there. So a very small retracement I really like to have at least a point three a two to give you a real a to b equal cd but this The point here that I want to make is if When you get a shallow retracement you typically do more than a one to one a to b equal cd So just be aware of that you're in bar number five on a daily base for sofi the weekly chart Looks like this has completed a sell the d-point pattern last week. So typically and we'll we'll just draw that in here So let's go a to b A to b right there I'm gonna move this over just see if it actually completed it I'm gonna try to move it over there. We go it did So now you have a confirmed sell pattern on the weekly time frame greg and what typically happens when you get a confirmed Sell pattern just as inside the daily time frame as price will get back and test that oscillator and change line Well on the daily time frame, it's below it on the weekly time frame. That becomes the target. So we've got 648 We've got 674 and 663 greg. Those are your targets right now as of june 23rd And as price gets down there, let's take a look at it again. See broads with tfn. We'll be right back If you're looking for potential trading setups in the stock market Then rocket equities and options report is a newsletter. You should try Tommy O'Brien delivers options and equity trades when the markets present them using a combination of fundamentals and technicals Sign up for rocket equities and options report today with a 30-day money back guarantee So you have nothing to risk for all the details and to start your subscription today Visit the front page of tfnn.com tfnn educating investors You might think that if you want to be successful at trading in the stock market You're going to need a crystal ball. After all, it's impossible to predict the future, right? Like any endeavor in life before you decide it's impossible Get some advice from the experts. 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Just visit the front page of tfnn.com In fact folks, so we've gotten through all the questions. Nothing else in here So I'll spend a few minutes just a couple minutes here Showing you some of the some of the sites that I saw in egypt. So that first day was all about kind of the religious churches So to speak and get you know went back really to To some you know pretty cool things the second day was uh was uh searching for all of what not all because there's 108 of them The pyramid so I stayed in geese. That's really the starting point up here on the sero kairos on the other side It's split by the Nile river and so our first drive was to the sakara necropolis to take a look at Really the oldest pyramid the oldest building Structure in the world out there then off to the red pyramid the black pyramid and back to the actual Big daddy of them all the great ones. So here if you take a look at this This pyramid the pyramid of dozier. I believe is how it was built during the third dynasty. So right around 26 30 bc This is the oldest pyramid is the oldest complete Stone building is really what I should say pyramid and stone building complex in history ever built And really part of my trip in going to uh egypt and doing that was really to see Some of the you know as far back as you can possibly get Most people just go take a look at the great pyramids out there in fact when we got out there early in the morning It was ourselves and maybe one other couple Uh or two other couples that that were there. Um This is the red pyramid out here and then the red pyramid Would they call it the red pyramid because when the sun hits it it gives off this shimmering red hue It's a third largest pyramid in egypt. This was built between 25 75 and 25 51 before the common era So this is this is egypt's first attempt at a smooth sided pyramid I've got the arrow if you can kind of take a look at it. You'll see An area here. You'll see a little um, you'll see a little path that you can walk up Now it's about half the way three quarters of the way up when you get all the way up to the top up here In order to get in to be able to go down into the pyramid Yeah, so you got to walk up in this desert you're walking through this not like you're parking right next door to this here There's the area. Here's my wife. I've taken a picture of her coming out But you've got to walk down quite a ways and you're bending down Basically the entire way out there here's some refurbished work that was being done You can see the smooth sided aspect of it That's what we also had to climb to get up and take a look at the other side of the pyramid This is probably the coolest thing that we saw this is a new ruin that they uncovered about a year and a half ago It's a burial ground. It is so cool. Anyways, folks have a fantastic weekend I'll see you on Monday. Take care


So now I'd like to talk a little bit about the difference of flow across a ripple, particularly at the lower flow speed end, versus what's more common in a dune. So I've been drawing the flow separation with a line like this, but as soon as the flow goes over the crest of a ripple, the flow can actually expand, and that creates some extra turbulence. And so the flow isn't actually a particular line like this, and you can get some back flow coming along when the flow intersects the bed again. So and then when the flow is deflected across the back of the next ripple that's downstream, the boundary layer re-establishes itself again. In a dune there's so much, there's a really strong flow going across from the separation point and you end up with this zone of shear because your flow speed is very low at the bottom and it's very high at the top. There's this shear zone that creates a significant amount of turbulence. And in some cases if that shear is large enough it starts dragging this low speed water into the flow and that creates a low pressure at this zone right on the downstream side of the dune and that pulls water actually in the upstream direction to fill in that low pressure zone. So this is the example of a roller vortex where at high flow speeds in front of dunes you get flow that actually goes upstream. In some cases you can even develop, if that flow is fast enough, you can actually even develop ripples between the dunes, migrating upstream. That difference in behavior of the turbulence that causes the difference between ripples and dunes. So one of the reasons that the change from ripples to other bed forms is abrupt is that ripples in general depend on the laminar part of the flow layer whereas the other parts depend on the turbulence, the overall turbulence structure. So when we talked about the Bernoulli effect we often had a small flow change and when that's happening within the laminar sublayer you tend to get ripples. Usually when it's slow enough to form ripples and find grain sizes there's no movement in the larger grain sizes. So ripples depend on the laminar sublayer whereas other bed forms depend on the structure of the turbulence. So in general when you go from ripples into dunes you're going from an effect of the laminar sublayer into the more of the turbulence of the boundary layer and the same thing again going from ripples into upper planar and you tend not to get dunes in this transition because the grains aren't large enough, the grains aren't heavy enough to pile up into dunes. But they tend to have very very long trajectories down the flow which tends to give you planar ripples.


A artist of your caliber just executing and putting a team together. I'm talking about a solid player.  This ain't no fluff around.


6 pros why games are effective teaching tools in the classroom. Who wants to play a game? I would ask my students this question whenever I start a lesson. The resounding answer would always be me. In all my years of teaching, I have yet to see a student refuse to play a game. Games are effective teaching tools because it makes learning interesting and fun. I can tell you more reasons why games are good for teaching. Now let me give at least 6 of them. Real Importance. Firstly games make you practice a lot. As the saying goes, practice makes perfect. In everything you do whenever you play a game over and over, your mind gets better at it too. For example when students play boggle, they have acquired many 3 and 4 letter words by playing numerous times. When they play, they use these words over and over again. However to win consistently, they read more books in order to increase their word knowledge. So that when they get another opportunity to play boggle, they have more chances of winning with an improved vocabulary. Social Importance. Secondly the games are good at developing social skills. Is it not when you play a game, you do it with your friends or acquaintances? In a classroom setting you play with your classmates. As you play you will have to temper your emotions like how you can be sensitive to the feelings of others. Especially during the early years, some students would cry whenever they lose a game. The other students would try to console their classmates by saying don't be sad, you are good at playing video games, or don't worry. You have many friends who like you no matter what. While others cry, others get angry and say, well they won because they cheated anyway. I always teach them to practice good sportsmanship in any game they play. I remind them that it is just a game, and that the main thing is to learn and have fun at the same time. Critical Thinking. Thirdly games cultivate critical thinking. These are games that require good strategies in order to win, let me explain. In a game of chess when your opponent's defenses are too strong up front, you can try to attack at the back. When you do that, your opponent feels confused because he does not know what you are up to anymore. Once your opponent gets confused he can lose his composure and get rattled. This is the right time to make an attack and checkmate. Chess teaches students how to use psychological warfare. Now take the game of Monopoly. Passing up the chances of buying low-cost property you concentrate on buying a high-cost property. After purchasing them you buy and place houses on them to increase their rental prices. Whenever an opponent drops by, he has to pay your rent. Finally after saving up all the rental income, you upgrade them by buying hotels. Any player visiting any of your property has to pay your hotel rent. In the process they go bankrupt while you get rich and win. Monopoly on the other hand teaches students financial management. Memory. Next games help retain information. I always think that the best way to learn something is to visualize it in your head. Memory games are good for remembering things. Whenever I want my students to know the different flags of the world, I make them play a memory card game of flags. After playing this game, they always remember the colorful ones like the United Kingdom, Spain, and South Korea, while the simpler flags are the easiest to remember such as Japan, Vietnam, and China. Creative thinking. Another reason is that games develop your creativity. I like making my students play charades. In these games they are not allowed to say the word but to use body language. Some students use codes like they gesture their ears which means that the word sounds like another word. Or when they have to describe a word that has three syllables, they would show three fingers up in the air.  Another favorite game of ours is Pictionary. In this game students have to draw a picture of the word they are trying to convey. Sometimes if the word is not easy to draw, they break the word into parts. Then their teammates will guess them by combining all these parts into one word. These games make them think on their toes and are as creative as possible. If not, they will lose the game. Confidence. Lastly games build self-confidence. My students love to compete in math. After teaching the basics and giving them weeks of assignments, I make them compete using the floor tiles of our classroom. When they say the right answer, they advance one tile. It is a race in which whoever first reaches the finish line wins. This is how I drill them with addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. I use my mini competitions as assessment time. It is also a way for them to reflect if they need help in understanding math concepts, or they have to practice and study more. As they win, they get more confident about their math skills. The more they get confident, they get encouraged to try and excel at other subjects like English, science, and social studies. Do you want to teach English abroad? Take a TEFL course today. These are the reasons why I believe games are good for learning. As students play, they are improving their minds, social skills, creativity, knowledge, memory and self-esteem. So how do I know for sure if games are effective for teaching? One time a student of mine asked me, are you still going to be our grade four teacher next year? I asked her, why? Do you want me to be your grade four teacher as well? She said, yes because you make us smart while you make learning fun and easy too. Need I say more? Thanks so much for watching. We are ITTT the leading provider for TEFL and TESOL training courses. If you like this video, please subscribe by clicking that button down here and click on any of the videos here on the left for more interesting teaching tips for getting certified to teach English abroad and online.


Hi, my name is Monty Johnson. I teach philosophy at the University of California, San Diego, and this is the sixth of my six lectures on Lucretius, this one about Epicurean meteorology, and the conclusion of Deirem Natura 6. And I'm using the translation of Cyril Bailey, which is available in the public domain through the Internet Archive. So, having proven that an infinite number of atoms is constantly at motion in an infinite void space, and that these atoms combine to form larger and larger compounds until there are bodies that we can actually see, and that among these things that we can see, some of them are living and have souls, and among those they have sensations, desires, thoughts, and fears, and that among those animals are human beings who have pulled themselves up from a primitive condition by use of various kinds of technology and come to comprehend the courses and motions of the heavens and the moon, sun, stars, and separate out and see the large regions of land, sea, and sky. Now we finally arrive at a point to explain the large-scale happenings within that environment, most of which could cause disturbance or trouble when we don't realize the cause. So, we've proceeded from the first two books to give an account of the microscopic levels of atoms in void, and then a thorough going account of how living things and specifically the human soul can function on the basis of these atomic principles, and then moved on to give an account of human development and the growing comprehension of the human world and the wider world of cosmology. So, these physical assumptions have been drawn out from microscopic principles to explain macroscopic phenomena and draw from them ethical implications, like about our fear of death, about our desires for different things. And we have generally progressed from the very opening of the poem which begins by invoking Venus as the goddess of birth and generation and creation, and we've seen a steady progression through a kind of life cycle of growing complexity and difficulties until the discussion in the last book of the overall decline. And now we'll see that this one ends with a horrific account of death due to disease in the episode of the plague at Athens, and so we will have completed an entire balanced cycle of a natural lifespan. Now, the contents of book six, the poem here, again, as in the previous book and some earlier books consists of a praise and even over-the-top deification of Epicurus, before the main line of arguments over a thousand lines, they consist of an interconnected set of explanations of individual meteorological and geological phenomena, natural phenomena, ending with an account of the cause of disease and plagues and an especially elaborate description of the plague at Athens. Now, the poem is again a eulogy to Epicurus with which we should compare books three and five. Here, however, Epicurus is set within the context of the history of Athens, which Lucretius credits with its legendary successes of perfecting agriculture and good laws. And then he says after those great accomplishments came the greatest accomplishment of all perfecting, as it were, philosophy with Epicurus. And this celebration of Athens is balanced by what happens at the end of book six with the plague when Athens degenerates and civilization is on the verge of collapse due to the desperation of the disease. But this has to be balanced by these positive comments about the development and progress of things in Athens and especially at its greatest point, the teachings of Epicurus. So Epicurus is again described as being godlike, but his main accomplishment is described as revealing the limits of desire and fear to humans and thus reducing their suffering. So unlike the Epicurian gods which are located in a place that they are free from any concern and don't intervene in nature and don't have any concern for humans whatsoever, Epicurus, because he is concerned for human beings has shared with him the light of his philosophy. And thus we have the final repetition of the overall slogan of the poem in this introductory section, quote, this terror then this darkness of the mind must needs be scattered not by the rays of the sun and the gleaming shafts of day, but by the outer view and the inner law of nature. That is we have to explain how all of these phenomena occur according to the law of nature and according to certain limits and that way we will be able to live with them tranquilly. So that is the overall purpose of the plethora of arguments that are given in this book. Now that Lucretius has discussed the celestial phenomena in book five, he now moves on to discuss the natural phenomena in the sky and on earth, large scale phenomena in our immediate vicinity, but especially one's events and phenomena that have been attributed to the gods. Ignorance of the material causes and atomistic explanations of these things have caused humans to fear them and attribute them to the gods, gods like Zeus and Poseidon, but a true account of the gods and what the gods are really like coupled with the true account of the causes of these meteorological phenomena will remove our fear and superstition. Now the correct account of the gods is of course that the gods are these tranquil beings free from any care or concern for nature and human beings whatsoever and the truth about the meteorological phenomena is that the true causes of storms, thunderbolts, earthquakes and other such things are atoms moving in void and recognizing and understanding this will eliminate our fear of these things and are the idea that they can be used to punish or menace or terrorize us intentionally by the gods. Now throughout Lucretius offers multiple explanations of the several phenomena that he discusses and this is entirely consistent with Epicurus's scientific method as he lays out in the letter to Pythagnes and Lucretius compares this to just as if one were to see a dead body from a distance there would be multiple possible explanations of the causes of death and it would be precipitous and not at all fitting for a wise person to insist on just one explanation if one is not in a position to examine the phenomena more closely. Now meteorological and celestial phenomena like lightning and earthquakes and the courses and speeds of the sun moon and stars and so forth are necessarily far removed from us and so we cannot possibly insist on a single explanation of them a single dogmatic explanation. All we have to do is get as many possible explanations as are consistent with our basic propositions and the fundamental assumptions of atomism and then we will know that there is available some naturalistic explanation so we don't have to attribute them to some other intelligent being. Lucretius had already made this point extensively in book five as we saw and the explanations given by Epicurus in the letter to Pythagnes are generally closely paralleled here. Now we begin with thunder and lightning these are the most perhaps salient meteorological phenomenon because they're the purview of Zeus he's the one that throws the thunder bolt and uses lightning as a means of punishing and terrifying people but thunder may be caused by clouds crashing together tearing and scraping one another or when wind is enclosed by a cloud it might burst open or when wind blows through or rends clouds or by lightning falling on a wet cloud might extinguish it causing a hissing sound or by hail rattling in a cloud all of those might be causes of the sound we experience as thunder lightning may also be caused by collision of clouds or when wind gets enclosed in a cloud and causes it to burst or when wind is squeezed out of the clouds and they collide or when clouds thin out and start falling to the ground any of those could be causes to explain the natural phenomena of thunder and lightning and Lucretius discusses why lightning is seen before thunder is heard and he gives essentially the correct explanation that light particles travel faster than sound particles so again a materialist explanation is appropriate here then the elaborate explanation of thunder bolts specifically they are lightnings that strike near the ground they consist he says of a kind of fire not water or air he's concerned to explain their power to destroy buildings and monuments and even people and animals they're caused by clouds he says piling very high on top of one another what we see is only the lowest part of some towering structure thunder bolts are full of seeds of fire and when wind collects combines sharpens and drives forth with rain or when the wind splits a crowd a cloud or when wind picks up fire and strikes it like when we strike flint with iron and Lucretius goes into a lot of detail about the speed of thunder bolts their frequency in various seasons and so on all in an attempt to assure us that the naturalistic explanation is at hand now these are plausible natural causes of thunder bolts and lightning and they're of course meant to displace the superstitious belief encouraged by religion that these are things sent from the gods like Zeus and Poseidon and this seems to be the reason why so much space and detail is dedicated to specifically these phenomena again they're the most salient ones attributed to the anger of the gods and their desire to punish humans so it's not just that the phenomena themselves need to be explained but we need to because we have a different picture of the gods they aren't really angry and they don't really need weapons in order to inflict punishment on us and so that's not what thunder and lightning is we need to see thunder and lightning as a regular natural phenomena and that will allow us to see gods like Zeus and Poseidon as not at all being good representation of what the gods are like they aren't angry they don't punish human beings Lucretius points out for example that many bad people aren't struck by lightning while many innocent people are struck by lightning why would god let that happen lightning often falls on deserts and oceans where there are no people to punish and the source from which lightning originates is obscured in darkness why wouldn't Zeus just make himself a parent so that we all know and understand why specifically this person is being punished and lightning often falls on many places at once including temples to the gods and empty mountaintops so there are no religious reasons to believe this view but there are also better explanations available to us through natural science and the same is true of phenomena like water spouts and whirlwinds these are columns of water that appear to descend from the sky into the sea they Lucretius says are caused by wind that fills up a cloud but it's unable to burst it and so it drives it down towards the sea where eventually it does burst causing a kind of boiling of the sea or it's caused when a vortex of wind draws down many clouds which crash together near the surface of the sea and this leads to a general explanation of clouds clouds are formed with a large number of particles atoms ultimately colliding in the air they become only slightly entangled however and so they form small bits of clouds which then join together to form larger and larger clouds that can eventually encompass all parts of the sky that you can see the particles arise from bodies of water on earth like the sea or rivers or they may he says be driven down from the ether some of them may even come from other worlds but at any rate the causes of them are entirely natural and within the realm of nature they are not created by the gods despite the fact that people pray for rain clouds the cause of them is entirely natural as is the cause of rain itself and phenomena connected with rain like rainbows and snail snow hail frost and ice rain forms in clouds when moisture or what do you call seeds of water rise upwards from bodies of water on earth the clouds then become stuff full of moisture and they're forced to discharge water either straight down in showers when the pressure of wind and their own weight is too great or they drip like candle wax when melted by the heat of the sun now Lucretius's discussion of the other phenomena connected with rain like the rainbow is extremely brief he basically just describes its occurrence when the sun's rays are cast from the opposite direction of rain showers then he says the hues of the rainbow stand forth in the black clouds and he also doesn't go into very much detail about snow hail frost and ice but he merely describes them as hardening of water and promises that their causes can be understood on the basis of their elements by contrast Epicurus does give some very interesting and elaborate explanations of phenomena like ice in the letter to Pythagles the next thing to be explained is earthquakes these cause a lot of fear these have been attributed to actions of the gods and Lucretius begins by pointing out that the instability of the very ground beneath our feet shows how ridiculous it is to think that the earth is everlasting and eternal and that it of course shows how it's mortal and destructible at the same time earthquakes are not caused by gods like Poseidon but have entirely naturalistic causes either by turbulence happening in rivers pools and lakes in caverns that are beneath the earth or due to cave walls and cliffs that are under the earth collapsing due to the movement of water or air or internal winds blowing through the hollow parts of earth or extremely violent external winds now Lucretius discusses the sea he raises the question of why the volume of the sea doesn't constantly increase since rivers are continually flowing into it and rains are falling into it so why doesn't it keep increasing and increasing and we see kind of sea level rise everywhere well one answer he says is that everything that flows into it is but a drop compared to the whole volume of the sea so we don't notice that there is a slight increase but another answer is that the water can be drawn off by the sun or wind or evaporated into clouds or it oozes into the hollow parts of earth now it's not obvious and Lucretius doesn't explain here why this phenomena needs explanation why it might cause fear or anxiety if we didn't have a naturalistic explanation and it's almost as if he is just interested in providing an explanation for the phenomena itself according to his physical theory but when he turns to volcanoes again we're back to a topic that causes fear and trepidation and has been attributed to the gods and Lucretius specifically focuses on Mount Edna which is a volcano in Sicily still active today and it also happens to be the volcano into which the early Greek philosopher Empedocles is supposed to have jumped to his death and this is the same Empedocles who also wrote a didactic epic poem about nature and to whom Lucretius refers in book one and praises his poetry now Lucretius compares the eruption of the volcano to an attack of fever on a human body and referring to the causes of horrible symptoms of fever he says quote there are seeds of many things and this earth in heaven has enough disease and malady from which the force of measureless disease might avail to spread abroad and that's very interesting deposit tiny invisible sources of disease that come from the environment because this is an early attempt to describe what we now call contagion theory of disease similarly he says tiny seeds flowing in from the infinite universe could create a great cataclysmic effect like the eruption of Mount Edna and this he explains by pointing out that there are many caverns under the mountain and that um wind and air rush through them heat up and then burst out through the mountains throughout things are projected from the mountain also because water from the nearby sea rushes into the hollows underneath and brings uh things in the next phenomena to be explained is uh flooding and Lucretius focuses on the very traditional topic of the periodic flooding of the Nile which he says is due either to the blowing of the Atesian winds sand blocking up the mouth of the river excessive rains or melted snow but at any rate a naturalistic cause and this has long been a topic of on-nature literature to explain this particular phenomenon many previous writers had offered explanations and Lucretius seems to gather up all that he's aware of and accept them all as possible explanations and perhaps it's because the flooding of the Nile was associated with Egyptian deities in Egypt that Lucretius is concerned to offer this naturalistic explanation but it seems unlikely that it will have been a cause of fear at least for his Roman audience so again here we might just have an intrinsic interest in the natural phenomena the next thing to be explained is the appearance of noxious fumes in the environment so he explains the Avernian lakes which are pools of hot springs near Cumae in Italy which were believed to be an entrance to the underworld because there was a sulfurous smell from noxious fumes in the area and birds who fly over it are said to die because of this and Lucretius describes similar places in Athens and in Syria but of course he insists that these are not the gates of Orcus or where you enter the underworld there's a purely natural explanation for these phenomena quote as I've said often before in the earth are elements of every kind of thing many which belong to food being useful to life and many which can strike us with disease and make death come quickly this then leads to a digression into the ambient causes of diseases a passage again inspirational to Renaissance medical proponents of the contagion theory so poisonous fumes seep out of the earth in various places but this is just because of natural elements that have come to settle there similarly other springs hot springs are cold springs they were considered sacred or divine places and shrines were often set up near them but Lucretius offers naturalistic explanations of both the ordinary and extraordinary phenomenon that are connected with them so he explains for example why springs might seem to run colder in the summer time he describes a hot spring near the shrine of Ammon in Egypt which seems to heat up at night and this curious phenomena he says a lot of other authors have written about he offers an alternative naturalistic explanation that it's heated because seeds of fire and hollows under the spring are pushed up when the earth contracts due to cold and then when the rest of the earth heats up during daytime these seeds return to the other hollows and so they aren't pushed up into the spring that explanation he offers and prefers in order to counteract the view that it's heated by the sun passing under the earth at night he doesn't like that explanation although it's unclear why not accept it as a possibility since he has earlier accepted the possibility that the sun may pass under the earth at night he also discusses a cold spring at Dodona from which torches can supposedly be lit near the surface he explains this in terms of the water containing seeds of fire and he compares a spring at Eredus which sends free water up through salty seawater and he shows how it's possible for water to flow upwards in these springs because it's pressed out by other water air or fire he's concerned to show it doesn't spontaneously move upwards but of course consistent with its heaviness being constituted out of atoms always moves downwards that brings us to the topic of magnets and other attractive surfaces which might be instanced as an exception of that rule so Lucretius next explains quote by what law of nature it comes to pass that iron can be attracted to the stone which the Greeks call the magnet now Lucretius describes how people wonder at how the magnets function they were of interest to early Greek natural philosophers going as far back as Thales who attributed their power to the presence of a soul and he considered all things to be full of souls and even gods democrat is however explain them on the theory of atoms and void assuming there were emanations from the magnet to the iron now of course Lucretius wants to offer a naturalistic explanation but it's interesting that his explanation seems to closely follow one given by Plato in the ion and in general his account forms a kind of miniature treatise on magnetism complete with an exhortation to the reader to pay attention to details a statement of general principles atomistic principles basically they can explain the phenomenon and then the solution to the phenomenon now Lucretius reminds us of his view that there are constant emanations coming from composite bodies odors sounds moistures etc not to mention the simulacra all of that has been established in book four further all composite bodies are more or less porous even rocks metals walls and human bodies in the encompassing atmosphere contain voids and different particles affect different bodies in different ways because those different bodies are composed of differently shaped particles and have porous and voids of different sizes and shapes so the explanation of the magnet is that in the presence of iron it sends out emanations which beat back the intervening air creating a void which the iron then rushes in to fill a magnet held above iron will cause it to rise upwards because it creates a vacuum into which the iron is beaten by bodies lying outside the vacuum under the iron for the iron can't of course spontaneously move upwards so the reason some metals like gold aren't affected by the magnet is due to their density and heaviness and weight while other materials like wood contain too many pores so that the surrounding air is never evacuated so the body doesn't rush in to fill it and he eventually generalizes his discussion into an account of why all kinds of different substances adhere closely to one another like water and wine or glue and timbers or dye and wool while others refuse to mix and are sort of antithetical like oil and water and these he explains according to the interactions of their various textures and so he mentions that iron and the magnet may fit together like hooks and eyes because of their textures the final phenomenon for which Lucretius offers a naturalistic explanation is disease now he doesn't mention the fact that plagues have been attributed to divine punishment but his naturalistic account seems intended like the rest of the accounts in books five to six to clear away religious superstition and fear now he points out that he's already argued several times in fact that just as helpful particles are found in our environment so there are noxious seeds that may become gathered together and cause the air itself to become diseased or polluted thus a theory of contagion or airborne illness Lucretius thinks that the ultimate origin of these seeds could be anywhere from outer space to putrefaction processes that occur within the earth something he's discussed in numerous other places in the work he stresses that there are different effects of different climates on diseases and there is an effect of climate change whether that's caused by travel if you move to a different climate you may be susceptible to different diseases or if you stay in the same place and nature and the weather changes that climate change can result in different diseases he talks not just about airborne transmission of contagion but mentions that plague hovering in the air can fall on water and food and he compares what happens to what happens with diseases among farm animals so offering a thorough going naturalistic account of the causes of disease now the entire poem ends with a description of the plague of Athens that afflicted it in 430 BC Lucretius gives an account that is adapted and actually closely follows an earlier description by the historian Thucydides and he may work in other sources including Hippocratic medical works but it's quite an elaborate historical account and goes into many details and it raises many problems most of it is consumed with the gory details about the symptoms of the disease and the horrifying pain and suffering that it inflicted on both body and mind for example he describes the painful sensation of an internal burning and drying out that was accompanied by an unrelenting thirst that would drive people to throw themselves into wells with their mouths open and he describes a generalized anxiety disorder among not only the afflicted but also the unafflicted so that the entire society is driven mad and he reports that the usual outcome of the disease was death after eight days of intense suffering and that those who had recovered even partially had to have numerous amputations and so this raises some challenges for an Epicurean theory of pleasure and pain uh is sharp pain always short lived uh well eight days of intense suffering of plague and the longer period of watching your loved ones die and so forth might test that theory or test your commitment to that theory now in addition to these mostly factual and medical details that derive largely from Thucydides Lucretius adds some what we might call moralizing elements that we can ask how they fit with wider Epicurean philosophy so for example when he points out that some people had to have their limbs or genitals amputated due to the disease he says that instead of just dying some people would actually go through with this so firmly had the sharp fear of death got ahold of them and it's as if he's condemning them for fearing death so that they mutilate their own bodies but this is balanced with his description of others who gave up on life realizing they had become afflicted quote losing courage he would die with a grieving heart looking for death to come he would breathe out his spirit so whether you gave up immediately or soldiered on and even amputated limbs there was no hope of coming out of it so this serves merely to convey the incredibly desperate situation and does not suggest I think a moralizing point again you might read a moralizing point into his comparison of those who shunned to visit their own sick because he calls them over greedy of life and fearful of death those are very bad things according to Epicureanism they're actually said by Lucretius to have been punished a while afterwards by slaughtering neglect with a death hard and shameful abandoned and reft of help now this seems like it could be potentially very inconsistent with Epicurean ethics because the whole point of describing disease and even the plague at Athens should be to show that the causes are entirely naturalistic and that they affect everyone equally and they are not a kind of punishment for moral failings if you think that powerful forces like gods punish people with diseases or with thunderbolts for that matter then you're very far from an Epicurean way of seeing things so why does Lucretius even poetically suggest that people are punished for this fear of death well as in the previous case he balances it pointing out that those who stayed near to hand were would fair no better of course they died by contagion in the toil and he describes the miseries that they undergo so once again the disease offers no quarter no escape it affects the moral and the immoral equally and that is because it is a natural phenomenon and not a punishment coming from the gods now towards the end he points out that death had filled all the sacred shrines of the gods with lifeless bodies and all the temples of the heavenly ones remained everywhere numbered with carcasses for these places the guardians had filled with guests for indeed now the religion of the gods and their godhead was not counted for much the grief of the moment overwhelmed at all so this is not I think a moral condemnation meant to show the collapse of society or civilization due to fear of gods but to show the irrelevance of religion how religion offered no help against this and so people abandon it when necessity replaced the need to and even the possibility of worshiping the gods and so I also don't think that Lucretius objects when he describes funerals being deserted and unattended and hurried on almost in rivalry although the way the entire poem ends with describing clashes over funeral pyres raises an interesting point he says nor did the old rites of burial continue in the city for the whole people was disordered and in panic and every man sorrowing buried his dead laid out as best he could and too many things the sudden calamity and filthy poverty prompted men for with great clamoring they would place their own can on the high piled pyres of others and set the torches to them often wrangling with much bloodshed rather than abandon the bodies so they didn't want to abandon the bodies is this because of a religious impulse to ensure that they were disposed of in the correct way no because it's just been explained that burial was the custom of the city and that this wasn't followed either so once again it's the utter desperation in the face of natural causes so why why me we may ask does Lucretius and this entire poem all six books with this horrific description of the plague well for one thing it balances poetically the description of birth and generation with which the poem begins with the praise of venus and the description of the basic seeds and generation of everything here we complete the life cycle by describing the death and degeneration and disease that affect things and that's really how things are that's really day rarum natura now another point is that the plague and its horrible effects may be worsened even if not literally a punishment for the moral ignorance of the Athenians prior to the philosophical enlightenment of Epicurus their unreasonable fear of death and the gods motivates unethical behavior like it might motivate the self amputations and suicides or the clashes over funeral pyres but Lucretius is incredibly graphic description of the plague some have suggested serves as a kind of test for the reader at the end of the poem if the reader has inculcated the poem's overall epicurean message they will be able to bear the horrible description of the plague's effects with equanimity and tranquility like the cliff dwellers of the poem of book two who look down on ships and storms at sea or clashing armies on the plains but fill feel themselves a kind of tranquility because they are free of those concerns so the reader is free of those concerns this is an ancient event that happened long ago but should it happen again the epicurean philosophy taken as a medicine from reading and studying the last six books should offer some kind of consolation so Lucretius's epicureanism and materialist atomism in general explains this plague as a natural phenomenon removing the need for supernatural explanation and thus religious superstition and the epicurean philosophy also offers a consolation for the anxiety and distress that afflict us in a time of plague and epicureanism offers a kind of philosophical inoculation against fear anxiety and distress thank you