Hey you guys, my name is Brittany and welcome back to my YouTube channel. You guys in today's video I am going to be sharing all about my Christmas or holiday plans that I have for our homeschool in a month of December So you guys I am really excited about today's video because this is actually in part of a collaboration Hosted by Christy from these little sprouts She actually reached out to me to be a part of this collab where we will be sharing all about our Christmas or holiday Homeschooling plans. So I'm really really excited you guys to share with you all the plans that I have for the month of December in Our homeschool. So if any of you guys are new to my channel, and this is your first time clicking on today's video Hi, I'm Brittany. I am a homeschooling mom to three girls ages 10 4 and 2 and I'm in my third year of homeschool So you guys in the month of December, we actually will be wrapping up our last six-week term Which I'm so excited about so we are going to be doing a little bit of curriculum and work throughout the month of December In my previous years I have scheduled it where I was able to take the full month of December off However, this year we are doing things a little bit different So I have my calendar right here of our term and where we will be at and I'm just going to go ahead and go Over it with you right now So we will be finishing off our weeks five and six in the month of December So the first two weeks of December Which is the fifth through the ninth and the 12th through the 16th. We will actually still be doing our Curriculum we won't be doing like our full load of our curriculum But we still will be wrapping up some of our loose ends some of our halfway points that I really want us to be at We will be finishing that in the first two weeks of December and then for the weeks of the 19th through January 6th, we will be actually taking a three week Christmas vacation So this year I decided to extend our Christmas break in the month of January because you guys after the holidays I typically was burnt out and I really wasn't ready to start our homeschool and this year I wanted to do things a little bit different I really wanted to just have another Reset and recharge in the month of January and that's why I went ahead and I pushed back our Holiday break and I really think it's gonna be beneficial not just only to me But to like my daughter and to our household where we will have that opportunity to do like that January refresh You know take down our Christmas decorations Really get our house in order in preparation to start off our homeschooling year strong in our second semester So that's why I scheduled things out a little bit different this year and hopefully it will work out to our benefit in our homeschool and Hopefully my daughter won't mind working a little bit more in the month of December So you guys I'm gonna go over all the things that we're gonna be doing in our first two weeks of December Just because I just wanted to show you guys so as far as Leia my four-year-old We actually will be finishing preschool math at home with her. I'm so excited you guys So we would just be wrapping this up in our first two weeks of December with her We are also going to be finishing a gentle and classical preschool. We started this in April So I'm really really excited as we are closing off this program. This program was so great I mean Leia she really really enjoyed it and these two kind of go along together So we will be finishing off these two pieces of curriculum with my four-year-old And we will be just continuously working through all about reading the pre-reading program We will actually be done with the first unit which will be the uppercase letters So those are just some of my goals as far as Leia goes in our first two weeks of December As far as Brielle goes, we will be continuing Saxon math She will actually be working on Saxon math throughout the whole month of December I will give her a few days off We typically don't take huge breaks when it comes to math and that's kind of one of my secrets to making sure I typically either stay ahead or we're always on par when it comes to math I really don't give her big gaps and big breaks with it She just keeps going and she's kind of used to it by now So we will be working on Saxon math through the whole month of December She will be finishing up or working on not finishing up But she will be working on Robin Hood fix it grammar in the first two weeks of December We will be working on our spelling We're gonna be doing science. We're gonna be wrapping up our universe And then we're also going to be wrapping up the first part of a river of voices So that is like my curriculum goes as far as The month of December really just making sure we are at those halfway points that I really want us to be at So after we finish those first two weeks of December We are going to have some fun you guys and we are going to do A christmas unit study and this is going to be our second year doing this unit study from a gentle and classical Gitto and classical press and this is their Christmas unit study you guys we had so much fun doing this christmas unit study last year I really really enjoyed all of like the memory verses and the Catechisms and the memory statements that we went over with this program It really has a cute Storyboard that I was able to use to reenact the christmas story, especially for my younger two But we really really enjoyed this one while I didn't do all of the cooking and all of the arts and crafts And we actually didn't read all of the books that they recommended We still had fun piecing this together and really Incorporating it in our home and our home school to best suit us So we really really had a good time with this one I really love the fact that it incorporates us actually doing a full on bible study while we are doing the christmas story And it really benefited my oldest daughter brielle as we were going over the christmas story We were reading it throughout the bible and she really got a deeper understanding of it and we really really enjoyed this one So you guys in my last video I actually shared with you all of like my christmas picture Well, not all of them, but some of my favorite christmas picture books We will be reading throughout the christmas season. You guys like I love christmas I love picture books and I love reading with my kiddos So if you guys want to check out all of the other christmas picture books that I have Share with you guys you can check out that video I will go ahead and link it in my our cards and my description box below So you can see some of the christmas picture books We will be reading uh this upcoming holiday season and i'm so excited for all of the picture books We will be reading a few that goes along with a gentle and classical um christmas that I do have Is christmas and the big woods and I also have the book called the night tree as well That goes along with a gentle and classical christmas The cool thing about this unit is that a lot of the books I didn't have last year And I utilized the youtube read aloud section and I just typed in a lot of these books And we just listened to them on youtube, which was really really cool for us to do last year um Now if you guys are looking for like a longer chapter uh picture chapter book not picture book But if you guys are looking for like a longer chapter book You do want to read in your household during the month of december We have read the van der beekers of 141st street We read this in our first year of homeschool and this was such a cute Uh heartwarming story about a biracial family who is trying to get their Who is trying to warm over their landlord so they can renew their lease before Uh christmas and this was such a cute book. It was really really heartwarming It had a lot of sense of family and community and my daughter really really enjoyed this one in our first year of homeschool Another book that we read last year was actually called the best slash worst christmas pageant ever And you guys this one was really really good. I actually purchased this because tory She recommended it on her youtube channel and this was such a 90s feel Book about these bad children the hurt men in this christmas pageant You guys it was funny I was laughing and it definitely was a light hearted christmas read and this one was a shorter read than the van der beekers But these both were really really good longer chapter book read alouds that we have read in the past in our homeschool If you are looking for like a christmas like type of read aloud You guys other than that, you know, um, I really don't have any huge or big plans during this holiday season I do want to get my daughter my oldest daughter brie out in a kitchen I want us to work on some a traditional Family bacon recipes. She's going to be making like some sweet potato biscuits I want her to learn how to make sweet potato pie We're going to make homemade checks mix and we're going to make some homemade white chocolate bark and we're also going to make some homemade Orange tea. These are just a few of our family recipes that I feel like now She has increased her skills in the kitchen.  I'm going to put my feet up this season I think me and my daughters we definitely deserve a break after a long hard semester We have been working on and I'm really not going to put too much pressure on us While I do have a plan to do like some christmas books in our christmas unit If we don't get to it every day, I'm really just going to not put the pressure on us I really want us to relax and enjoy this holiday season, especially since we are having family come in town And you guys we are just going to just keep it Simple over here. Um, but you guys I really hope you enjoy hearing like all of my holiday plans and all the things that I have For us to get up to and it's holiday season in the comment section below you guys Let me know if you have any plans to do any unit studies. Uh, what are your plans for the month of december? Again christie, thank you so much for inviting me to join in this collab And you guys don't forget to check out the playlist where you can hear all of the other youtubey mamas their christmas home school Holiday plans that they have as well. Thank you guys so much for watching and I look forward to seeing everybody and my next one Bye


السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته بكم all welcome to the holy land of Karbala Respective viewers from inside the holy shrine of Abul Fadha al-Abbas Peace be upon him reporting to you the 13th annual festival of Rabi' Al-Shahada where 35 countries attended 35 high level delegations from different countries attended this festival in order to take part of each part of the activities of this festival Respective viewers, stay tuned We will have interviews with some of the guests to have further details about this annual festival Stay tuned brothers and sisters I am very honoured to have been invited to this festival and after 5 days of attending it I found it very professionally organised and very well let's say organised festival I met many interesting colleagues from Iraq from here from the holy shrines but also from throughout the world not only from Europe, from Africa, from Asia so I got a lot of contacts, friendships to people here for example Saeed Ahmed was a very nice guest to me he showed me around he helped me to get to know Iraqi culture I am from Germany myself this is my first time here I knew about Iraq and Karbala was what I read from books and of course from the news and I got a lot of insight here into Iraqi society into religious life in these cities into academic discussions in the city and I am very pleased and very happy to have been invited I am from Poland, Europe it is my first time in Iraq it is my first time in this part of the world in Europe we every time, every day here from the media that Iraq is war that is not safe that it's a lot of bad things bad feelings I am here for few days 5, 6 days and I see happy people I see very deep faith something what Europe lost a long time ago I am from Poland, we believe in God but it's one of the only few countries in Europe where people believe in God so I am feeling here like in home so thank you very much مرحباً لكم from the 13th annual festival ربيع الشهادة where as you see a number of religious and public and political figures took part and delivered their speeches during the festival as well as you know clerics from the different sects of Islam delivered their speeches in the festival and Alhamdulillah they are concluding right behind me right now they are concluding the festival by delivering some gifts to the families of the martyrs of the popular mobilization units Alhamdulillah as many of the guests said the festival has been concluded successfully and that the aims of the festival to create a religious dialogue a peaceful dialogue between different sects and religions as Alhamdulillah accomplished respected viewers thank you very much indeed for watching don't forget the dua to hasten the reappearance of the master of our time his majesty إمام المهدي may Allah hasten his reappearance بسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته


Hi and welcome to the session, I am Deepika here. Let's discuss the question differentiate sine x square plus 5 with respect to x. Let's start the solution. Let y is equal to sine x square plus 5. Therefore, dy by dx is equal to dy dx of sine x square plus 5. Now, derivative of sine x is cos x, so dy dx of sine x square plus 5 is cos x square plus 5 into dy dx of x square plus 5. This is equal to cos x square plus 5 into 2x because derivative of x square plus 5 is 2x plus 0, so into 2x. Hence, dy by dx is equal to 2x cos x square plus 5. Hence, we have differentiated sine x square plus 5 with respect to x and our answer is 2x cos x square plus 5. I hope the question is clear to you. Bye and take care.


Teimlo i rhywbeth i gwaethef. The member had to withdraw question number one, so we start with question number two, Monica Lennon. Thank you. To ask the Scottish Government what action SEPA has taken to seek regulatory compliance for the sites affected by the cessation of medical waste services by healthcare environmental services limited. Cabinet Secretary for Health and Sport, Roseanna Cunningham. Cabinet Secretary for Health and Sport, Roseanna Cunningham. SEPA has been closely monitoring and inspecting the HES sites in Dundee and Shots, including weekly inspections since December, to ensure that they comply with relevant environmental legislation. Enforcement notices were issued to HES in September and December 2018. However, further scrutiny has established that the company has not fully met the requirements of the notices. Subsequently, SEPA has commenced an investigation to establish if criminal offences have been committed. SEPA has also robustly reviewed the contingency arrangements in place at affected NHS sites to ensure that all regulatory requirements are met and that we will continue to monitor all the affected sites to ensure that the environment and local communities remain safeguarded. Monica Lennon I thank the minister for that reply. SEPA has indeed served for enforcement notices against HES, and we know that the company continues not to comply with legal requirements and that criminal proceedings may well be necessary. However, alongside the stockpiled waste, unanswered questions are mounting up. Can the minister advise how many tonnes of waste has been stockpiled, the types of material, how long it has been piling up, and what is the estimated cost of achieving compliance, what is that likely to be, and in circumstances where HES will not or cannot return to compliance? Will the Scottish Government recognise that NHS Scotland retains a legal duty of care for its healthcare waste and agree to fund a clean-up of stockpiled waste left behind by HES? The First Minister Is that a number of questions there? Monica Lennon There are a number of questions there, and some of them are not entirely within my portfolio remit, and I am sure that the member realises that. I will try to deal with as much as I can. The best available evidence suggests a backlog of somewhere between 250 and 300 tonnes of clinical waste on Scottish sites. Around 10 tonnes of anatomical waste mainly at Hasseg Riggs, specialist providers advise that a specialist team will be needed to pack and load that anatomical waste, and the loading may take something like two days. A current estimate of the total clearance and disposal costs is around £250,000, but I am conscious that those are estimates, not fixed figures, and the issue around cost. I mean that there is a contingency arrangement cost as well as a clearance and disposal cost, which somewhat complicates the answer to that question. Contingency by its very nature does tend to cost more. SEPA continues to do robust regulation and monitoring, and it has potential future action that it can take. I have indicated that there is already an investigation going on as to whether or not there are criminal activities that have taken place, and I think that we have to allow that to run its course. I ask the cabinet secretary and I realise that some of the two questions that me require her to come back and check before she can reply. I ask her first of all what the likely timescale is under those enforcement notices for the disposal of the waste in Scotland, and secondly, can she advise if the local authorities concerned—North Lanarkshire Council and Dundee City Council—have powers under the Environmental Protection Act 1990 to remove the waste? Compliance with regulatory standards is mandatory and non-negotiable, whichever organisation is involved. I know that national services Scotland is working hard to ensure that all contingency measures that can be taken are being taken and to ensure that that is taken forward sensibly and properly. HES remains currently responsible for meeting their environmental obligations under their permits, and that includes the removal and treatment of waste from their sites. SEPA is monitoring that on a weekly basis and is continuing to seek compliance from the operator. The member has asked perhaps slightly more technical questions, and I think that it would be advisable for me to go back to him when there is a more detailed potential response. Fulton MacGregor Thank you, Presiding Officer. One of the affected sites that was reported in the press this week was a hill centre on Coatbridge. I understand what the cabinet secretary has said about SEPA's inspections and that they have not identified any current risk of pollution from the waste, but I wonder whether she could outline what action, if any, could be taken by SEPA if such a risk was identified at a further stage. I did indicate earlier that SEPA has continuing powers. If there is a serious risk to the environment or human health, SEPA has powers within the pollution prevention and control Scotland regulations, which would allow action to be taken to deal with it. In particular, section 57 of those regulations allow SEPA to arrange for steps to be taken to remove an imminent risk of serious pollution, should such a risk be clearly identified. Those powers also allow SEPA to recover from the operator any costs incurred in making the site safe. Tom Arthur To ask the Scottish Government how it promotes responsible dog ownership. The Scottish Government code of practice on the welfare of dogs, which was approved by the Scottish Parliament, provides dog owners with information on caring for and acquiring their pets. A recent awareness campaign, funded by the Scottish Government, and which was designed in partnership with the main dog welfare charities, directed potential puppy buyers to detailed advice hosted by the Scottish SEPA. As I said in the improving animal welfare statement that I made to Parliament last week, that elicited 130 per cent increase in visits to the site and calls to the Scottish SEPA helpline. We also consulted last year to inform the modern system of licensing and registration of dog, cat and rabbit breeding that we will introduce. Tom Arthur I thank the minister for that answer. I would also like to recognise the work of my colleague Emma Harper in this area with regard to livestock attack, and also the work of my colleague Christine Grahame, who is undertaking to progress a member's bill on responsible breeding and ownership for dogs. Yesterday, the British Veterinary Association reported findings from their Voice of the Veterinary Profession survey, suggesting that French bulldogs and pugs, to quote, taught the list of dog breeds most commonly suspected of being imported illegally into the UK. I should declare an interest as an owner of two pugs. Given the unscrupulous tactics employed by puppy smugglers, does the minister agree that responsible dog ownership begins prior to purchase or adoption with researching the breed, establishing whether one has the time, space and resources to offer a lifelong home to the dog and of only engaging with reputable breeders, and that it is especially important when considering the purchase of a popular breed such as pugs, which can be susceptible to particular health problems? Emma Harper They are, of course, one of my favourite breed of dogs. I happen to see a lot of photos of Mr Arthur's pugs on Instagram, so I would encourage you all to follow that. However, I would absolutely agree with what the member has just said. There are a number of people who care about issues in this area, and that is why we have so many member's bills that have come to the area of animal welfare from Emma Harper, Christine Grahame and Jeremy Balfour. However, the Scottish Government has made general information on the purchase of puppies available to the public through its code of practice for the welfare of dogs. As I said, it was approved in the Scottish Parliament in 2010. As I mentioned last week, we had the awareness campaign that we ran between November and December last year, and given the success of that and the amount of people who then approached the Scottish SPCA website as a result of that, we are looking now at doing another campaign later this year and doing everything that we can to tackle the scourge of illegal puppy dealing and the activities that can end up driving that trade. Obviously, we are looking at a number of measures as part of our licensing of dog, cat and rabbit breeding, the consultation that we had last year, and there will be a number of measures within that, which we hope will lead to responsible dog breeding and ownership. There are three more members who wish to get it, and there are two more now. Maurice Golden The Scottish Government recently confirmed that the use of electric shock collars was still permitted. Can the minister confirm when the use of these harmful devices will be effectively banned as promised? I know that this is an issue that the member has raised on a number of occasions, and I believe that there has been a drop-in session for other MSPs to attend today. It is something that members across the chamber have written to me about. It has been raised in the chamber a number of times, and it was also something that I met with the Kennel club recently, and they raised their concerns to me. However, our position on that has not changed. We introduced the guidance to Parliament, and it was agreed by a number of people at the time, and it was then agreed by the Environment, Climate Change Committee. What I would say to the member is that we are committed to reviewing that. We said that we would review that guidance within 12 months, and that is exactly what we will do to see exactly how that has operated. Has it changed behaviours and re-evaluated it at that time? Emma Harper Dogfouling is a huge concern for my south-west of Scotland constituents and community councils across the south-west region. I have been exploring innovative ways of dealing with this nuisance problem. Can I ask the minister if she is aware of projects such as ParkSpark and StreetClean, which use anaerobic digesters for dog poo to power park and street lighting, and if she is willing to look at projects such as that and potential development? I thank the member for that question, because I know that dogfouling is an issue, and it is a scourge across all of our communities, right across Scotland, and it is definitely something that is raised with me in my constituency. However, I also know that this is, as I said, an issue that affects many areas of Scotland, but it is also a view that is shared by the Minister for Community Safety, who actually has portfolio responsibility for this issue. I believe that Emma Harper raised that issue with the Minister for Community Safety directly last year. Local authorities are responsible for tackling dogfouling in their communities, and the decisions on how best to deal with that are for local authorities to deal with. However, I am always interested if there are innovative solutions that are being developed and how we tackle issues that affect our natural environment. Of course, I am interested in that and to hear more. Of course, anaerobic digestion is an important part of our waste infrastructure for food waste, and I do not see any particular reason why other materials cannot be utilised in the same way. This Parliament should be commended for the importance that it has placed on animal welfare, and that has been my experience. However, like Maurice Golden, I believe that the practice of electric shock callers should be banned. I want to know whether that is the view of the minister. Thank you. I know that this is an issue that the member also raised as part of my statement to the Parliament on improving animal welfare last week. Again, I know that the members and many others have written to me about this issue, but I would say that we had the guidance. We said that we would review it, and we will fully evaluate it at that time. That was within 12 months of that guidance being agreed, so I give the assurance to the member that that will happen. To ask the Scottish Government whether it will provide an update on progress towards its 90 per cent carbon reduction target and how district heating schemes can help to achieve that. Greenhouse gas emissions in Scotland have fallen by 49 per cent since 1990, and we are on track to meet our current statutory targets. The member knows that there is also a bill going through Parliament to increase those targets. Heat networks are one of the most cost-effective ways of reducing carbon emissions from heating, as they are able to make use of large-scale and low-cost renewables and recovered heat sources. The UK national comprehensive assessment of district heating and cooling estimates that 6.7 per cent of Scotland's total heat demand in 2025 could be met by district heating and cooling. I thank the cabinet secretary for that response on the assessment that she has made of that particular source of heat. She is aware that there is a district heating scheme operating in Lerwick and has done since 1998. Does she recognise the importance of the SAP rating system, allowing and ensuring that energy efficiency standards can expand across the country and that currently the plans are to consult on that later this year? Does she therefore ensure that the Government looks to ensure that there are no barriers to the expansion of district heating schemes, given the advantages that she has herself pointed out this afternoon? I think that all members of the Government would be able to answer yes to that. I know that the member has been in discussion with my colleague Kevin Stewart on related issues. I should also say that my colleague Paul Wheelhouse would be very anxious that I remind Tavish Scott about the commitment that he made in November to set out proposals to legislate on regulatory and licensing arrangements for district heating and to do so in the near future. I hope that the cross-portfolio nature of the response to that gives Tavish Scott some confidence that it is being seriously undertaken. I have two further supplementaries. The first is from Willie Coffey. Thank you. Cabinet secretary, is it not the case that the Government has already set a clear pathway for heat decarbonisation in its climate change plan? You can see it in section 8 of the plan in the residential sector and elsewhere. We set out clear pathways for decarbonising our heat supply. Our initial efforts are focusing on reducing demand for heat across the entire building stock and in replacing existing high-carbon forms of heating in off-gas areas with lower-carbon alternatives, as well as developing heat networks, where it makes sense to do so. That is in line with expert advice from the Committee on Climate Change. That is one that we have to go very carefully with because decarbonising heat also brings into the discussion and conversation issues around fuel poverty that we have to make sure that we understand. Members should be reminded that the issue of decarbonising the gas network is one that remains reserved to Westminster. Gas, at the moment, provides an enormous amount of domestic heating in Scotland. Alexander Burnett Thank you. I am sure that the cabinet secretary would agree that the Scottish Government should lead by example. I ask the cabinet secretary to encourage the First Minister to publish an EPC rating for Bute House and not hide behind a statutory exemption. I will refer that to the First Minister. I am not entirely sure that it is in the First Minister's remit since Bute House is not owned by the Government, so I will have to ensure that he is responded to appropriately. Andy Wills As the Scottish Government, in light of the findings of a recent survey by WWF Scotland, how will it support small businesses to prepare for the risk proposed by climate change? The Climate Ready Business Guide, published by Adaptation Scotland, Scottish Enterprise and Visit Scotland last year, was sent to more than 20,000 businesses and provides guidance for small and medium-sized enterprises, including examples of businesses responding to climate risks and opportunities. That continues to be available. Last year, Adaptation Scotland sponsored the First Vibes Award for Business Adaptation. Annie Wills I thank the cabinet secretary for that answer. Last month, a survey by WWF revealed that five and six smaller firms in Scotland do not feel like their sector has direction from the Scottish Government about their role in tackling climate change, with 60 per cent saying that they felt underprepared. Climate change poses severe risk to our economic stability, yet it is clear from the polling that Scotland's SMEs need more support and advice to ensure that their businesses have a sustainable future. Can the cabinet secretary tell me what action will be taken to ensure that those statistics improve and that the majority of small businesses are prepared? The cabinet secretary I am conscious that reaching SMEs in respect of a range of issues can be difficult because we are dealing with often quite small businesses who are not always able to spend the time that very large businesses can do on some of those issues. We take it seriously. I am aware of the WWF research. I can advise the member that we have a range of research projects under way to better understand climate risks for business and to inform future policy. We are trying to keep on top of that, but I take on board the concern, particularly for the micro-businesses, for their ability to access some of that. I am sure that the WWF research has been of particular interest to those of my colleagues who deal more often with very small businesses than I perhaps do. Claudia Beamish Thank you, Presiding Officer. Certainly, the WWF report is very important. The cabinet secretary's answer brings some reassurance to SMEs, I am sure. I wonder if the Scottish Government has any plans to ensure that the Just Transition Commission might be guided to engage with SMEs rural and urban to ensure that its recommendations support them to take advantage of the net zero emissions economy, including possibly developing manufacturing and remanufacturing. Claudia Beamish The Just Transition Commission is going to look at the issue of Just Transition in the broadest possible sense. I think that we have had some discussions already about areas that might not have been automatically assumed to be part of that. I raised the issue of hill farmers at the committee, and that is a Just Transition issue, managing very small businesses and micro-businesses in terms of the way that they are able to cope with progress to a decarbonised economy. That is also part of the Just Transition. It is important that we see the concept of Just Transition quite widely, and the Just Transition Commission is well aware that that is something that we want to ensure takes place. James Dornan Given the last supplementary question, can the cabinet secretary confirm that an important consideration for the Government's Just Transition Commission is that no one should be left behind in our move to a carbon neutral economy? Yes, that is indeed the purpose of having the Just Transition Commission. It is a discussion that is beginning to take place in a number of other countries. It is very important that, as we move to our carbon neutral economy, we do so in a way that is fair for all, and by all I mean all, because there is a danger that we lose and forget pockets of the economy and all of this. Obviously, yesterday we had a full afternoon's debate on this, and there was a clear consensus across Parliament that no one should be left behind as we move to carbon neutrality. I hope that we can hold that consensus as we discuss Just Transition in the years to come. To ask the Scottish Government how it supports initiatives that celebrate and promote locally sourced and produced food and drink. The Scottish Government is committed to supporting the growth of local food throughout Scotland, including farmers markets, farm shops and other local food initiatives. The sourcing of local food and drink helps not just strengthen the local economy, it is vital for our rural economy and the wider economy of Scotland as a whole. Last month, we announced funding of £95,700 from the regional food fund to 21 projects across Scotland that celebrate and promote local food and drink. That fund is still open for applications, and I encourage all members across the Parliament to promote that fund within their constituencies and to encourage many to apply. I welcome the funding from the regional food fund to the food from Fife partnership. Of course, all the Government's work to promote the kingdom's fantastic food and drink sector is now threatened by the disruption of Brexit. Does the minister share my concern about the catastrophic impact that a no-deal Brexit on businesses let the award-winning Balburni house hotel in Murkynch, which has always employed 20 per cent upwards of its staff from EU countries? I absolutely share that concern. I think that Jenny Gilruth also raises an important point about the people from EU countries that currently live and work in Scotland. I attended a meeting yesterday with the cabinet secretary and representatives across the food and drink sector who told us about just how vitally important EU citizens are across the board when it comes to food and drink. Especially within my own portfolio remit, if we were to look at the vets and abattoirs, 98 per cent of the vets that are working on our abattoirs are EU citizens. That is why, to be perfectly honest, I do not think that I have the words to fully describe how absolutely outraged and disgusted I was last night. To hear the Prime Minister in response to her Government's defeat suggests that, because of that defeat, there is now no clarity for EU citizens. Clarity is something that she and her Government could have given EU citizens at the very start of the process two years ago, like many other countries across the EU did for the British citizens living there. That is the exact thing that she refused to give because she was too busy playing to the hard writer of her own party. That is why I am proud that this Government has done all it can to reassure the EU citizens living across Scotland that we will do everything within our power to help them, and it will be to the eternal shame of the UK Government that they have not seen fit to do the same. There are four members who wish to ask supplementaries in this question. Liam McArthur Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. The Minister will be aware of the importance of ornate beef and lamb, not just to the island's food and drink sector, but to Scotland's. She may also be aware of the damage that the loss of the local abattoir has had on these high-quality brands. Following the efforts of the cabinet secretary last year, for which I thank him, will the Scottish Government ministerial team re-engage with the local council, NFU, Orkney March and others to ensure that every possible option is explored in securing our long-term future for our local abattoir in Orkney? Absolutely. I know that that work is on-going at the moment, too. I would say that mobile abattoirs was raised during the improving animal welfare statement last week, and I know that there are projects being looked at and some that have been funded through risk funding, for example. I know that the work on that is on-going, and I would be happy to meet the member to discuss that further. Brian Whittle The member will be aware of the positive impact that East Asia's public food procurement policy is having on the rural economy in East Asia, not to mention the health of our school children. I wonder what the minister of the Scottish Government can do to encourage that kind of behaviour across the rest of Scotland. I absolutely welcome that work that is on-going. That is work that we are currently funding as well, because I think that there are. I visited a project just before Christmas that had seen initiatives like that. That was just in the centre of Edinburgh, and so there is work on going to try to encourage that public procurement process. I visited a primary school, for example, which was all about locally sourcing and locally produced food. That is very much a priority for us and work that we hope to continue. Colin Smyth Thank you, Presiding Officer. If Scotland's food and drink sector is to reach its potential, it needs to be supported by ambitious comprehensive legislation. Over the past year, the Government has proposed at various points a good food nations bill, a food and farming bill and a Scottish agriculture bill. Can the minister tell us which one it will be, and can she confirm whether that legislation will introduce a statutory right to food to help to put an end to the scandal of food poverty? I would just to respond to the member that we are considering all options in that regard, and that there will be a consultation on that. Julian Martin Thank you, Presiding Officer. I share my colleague Jenny Gore-Rooce's concerns that the increasing likelihood of us crashing out of the EU on 29 March. Will the minister agree with me that the absence of a trade agreement between the UK and European Union will not only cause untold damage to food and drink businesses, such as McDuff, Shellfish and my constituency, but also to the wider local economy and the prospects of future generations that rely on the industry? Absolutely. I think that nothing could probably illustrate the damage that not having that in place. If we are in a no-deal situation, then a letter that was jointly signed by Scotland Food and Drink, NFU Scotland, Quality Meet Scotland, Food and Drink Federation Scotland, the Scottish Salmon Producers Organization, Scottish Bakers and Scottish Agricultural Organization Society said that they estimate that the cost of no-deal to our industry would be at least £2 billion in lost sales annually. That is on top of the short-term chaos resulting from transport delays and labour shortages. Our businesses are already bearing the cost of no-deal, having to spend millions of pounds on time and investment to mitigate the potential disruption. There is absolutely no doubt that, if we are in that situation where there is a no-deal, that would be absolutely catastrophic for Scotland. As well as the meeting that I talked about, I referred to in an earlier answer, where we met with some of those organisations. The cabinet secretary and myself attended a meeting with Michael Gove in London on Monday, where the cabinet secretary outlined that the UK Government needs to remove no-deal as an option, because it would be absolutely catastrophic for Scotland in particular, but across the rest of the UK. I think that the UK Government needs to stop blackmailing us with that as an option and firmly remove it from the table so that there is no longer an option and to do something that will work for the hugely important food and drink sector in this country. 2. Ross Greer Thank you. To ask the Scottish Government how it will engage stakeholders and the public with the Good Food Nation consultation. Cabinet Secretary, Fergus Ewing. Publication of the consultation on Good Food Nation proposals for legislation on 21 December represents an important step forward in the move towards Scotland becoming a good food nation. The Scottish Government has invited over 300 stakeholders and interested parties to respond to the consultation. Publication was accompanied by social media coverage announcing the consultation, and social media will also be used to highlight the approaching closing date and to encourage responses. I thank the cabinet secretary for that answer. The Scottish Food Coalition in preparing their report last year engaged over 800 people in 160 conversations to hear what living in a good food nation meant to them. The top two concerns were the affordability of a healthy diet and the environmental impact of our food. There is clearly strong desire for public engagement, but the open government action plan stated that there is a growing mistrust of both the process and the outcomes of consultations in Scotland. In planning and designing the Good Food Nation consultation, could the cabinet secretary confirm how the Scottish Government has taken those concerns into account and met its commitments to open government? Cabinet secretary? Well, because we welcome the responses to our consultation, we have encouraged over 300 stakeholders and interested parties to respond. I would use this opportunity to seek responses from members and perhaps political parties in this chamber. We take responses to those consultations extremely seriously. They are open, transparent and free for people to contribute towards. I very much hope and expect that the contributions that are received will be considered with due care. We all know that the main priority for people in food poverty is to feed their family and not fill in consultation forms. That becomes a secondary concern for them. Yet, for the Good Food Nation consultation, more than most, we need to get the views and thoughts of those people who are using food banks. Can I ask the cabinet secretary if he will work with food banks to engage those who suffer food poverty and facilitate their response to the consultation? That is a very fair point. I am pleased to advise the member that I already am engaging therewith. I met with the Trussell Trust chief executive just a few weeks ago. I visited very recently a food bank in Nairn in my constituency. It is a sobering and humiliating experience for people to have to go to those lands. Very often, I was advised both in Nairn and by the Trussell Trust that people leave it until after. They have been more or less starving for several days because it takes that desperation to force them to go and subject themselves to that degree of humiliation. The member makes a very good point. I would indicate, however, that we are increasing the fair food fund budget from 1.5 to 3.5 million in 2019-20, thanks to the finance secretary to enable us to continue to do our work to promote food delivery models that embrace dignified food proposals. I hope that the member agrees with that. It is chalk-and-cheese different from the austerity approach of the UK Government, which so lets people down that they are in food poverty in this country. To ask the Scottish Government what plans it has for the single farm payment scheme post-Brexit. The Scottish Government has set out clear plans in relation to farm payments after exit from the EU. I commend this document to Mr Rowley, stability and simplicity. I think that this is the fifth time that I have brandished it in this chamber, and rightly so. We will implement our proposals, which cover payments up to 2024. As in the motion agreed by everybody except the Tories in last week's parliamentary debate, rural support, we will set up a group consisting of producer, consumer and environmental organisations to inform and recommend a new bespoke long-term policy for farming and food production for Scotland. The cabinet secretary for that response, and I look forward to him sending me that document, I think that farmers are concerned about what is going to happen post-Brexit. Can he tell me when does the Scottish Government intend to introduce its agricultural bill? He specifically mentioned the group consisting of producer, consumer and environmental organisations. When does the Scottish Government intend to convene this group? What will be the process for appointing those organisations? What will be the role that has been appointed? There are several questions there. First of all, Mr Rowley refers to farmers' responses. Farmers responded to the document last year in large numbers. Overall, the responses were supportive of our approach. Our approach is to provide stability and certainty in the face of the Brexit uncertainty, which Mr Rowley rightly refers to. Those proposals in the document are, in fact, the most comprehensive set of proposals in the UK. They will last for a period of five years for Scotland. That certainty and stability welcomed by farmers is something that I believe is a very positive step forward in helping the farming sector. The member asked about what we will do about setting up the stakeholder group. The proposal came from Mr Rumbles. I was happy to agree to it. I am looking at Mr Rennie and it was not Mr Rennie, it was Mr Rumbles. Just last Thursday, we agreed to that. Obviously, we are in the early stages of looking at answering those questions, but I intend to make rapid progress, as rapid progress as I can, to bring forward a distinguished group representing all relevant stakeholder interests in accordance with Parliament's wishes as passed by substantial majority, except, of course, the Tories last week. Gail Ross Can the cabinet secretary advise what guarantees have been put in place to ensure funding for forestry, woodland creation and tree planting in the future? Cabinet secretary? Well, funding in forestry is provided by the Scottish Government in partnership with the EU. We have come to rely on that EU funding, which is vital for the continuing success of forestry. On Monday of this week, I sought from Michael Gove better assurances about the future of forestry, and I did so following the submission to Mr Gove of a letter by Confor in Scotland. In that letter, he pointed out that, whereas some assurances have been received for funding for farmers until 2022, funding for forestry is subject only to assurances that apply to funding for contracts entered into up to 2020. So, not unreasonably, he said, well, can we have assurances for the same length as farmers? I asked Mr Gove that question. It came from industry. I thought that it was a very reasonable question. I pointed out that forestry is a long-term venture. It takes three years, for example, three years ahead that nurseries plan an 18 months for an average substantial woodland proposal. The lack of assurances is already impairing investment in forestry in Scotland, but despite that, Mr Gove completely failed even to recognise that there is a problem. That is completely unacceptable from Mr Gove. I deeply regret it, but we will continue to persevere. I hope that all colleagues, including even the Conservatives, will support the efforts to ensure that there is proper, structured, guaranteed, long-term, clear funding for forestry, which is, of course, a long-term sector. To ask the Scottish Government what its response is to Scottish Environment links 10 principles for future land management support in Scotland. The Scottish Government welcomes Scottish Environment links 10 principles for future land management support in Scotland. The proposals broadly reflect what other stakeholders and the agricultural champions, the National Council of Rural Advisers and the CAP Greening Group have already recommended, and the key principles set out in the motion that agreed in last week's parliamentary debate on future rural support. The link principles will be considered more fully as part of the wider process for future policy, and I particularly welcome the call for accountability on definable outcomes. That is why I have already signalled my intention to put a cap on the level of maximum payments in future. I thank the cabinet secretary for that response and I welcome the plans for stakeholder engagement that were discussed and announced last week. However, since 2016, the cabinet secretary has convened no less than five stakeholder groups to advise on food and farming policy, and in the most part, those groups have met behind closed doors, worked on short-term remits and reported only to the cabinet secretary, not to Parliament. How will the cabinet secretary ensure that this new group is transparent and that the Parliament and the wider public can be involved in its work? I think that the public can also be involved at any time in writing to myself, to other MSPs, and of course their representations are quite properly considered. They can also contribute to the work of those groups by making their views known. The groups have published their reports and have been made available to the public. I am afraid that I do not really accept the principle that, in some way, the work has been other than welcome, positive and constructive contribution to the debate overall. I think that I am right in saying that although Mr Ruskell will no doubt correct me if I am wrong, last week the Greens supported the proposal to set up the group, but I hope that that support is still forthcoming. I refer to farming in my register of interest. Scottish Environment Link also calls for opportunities for young people to work and manage the land, and they hope that new entrants to traditional sectors are encouraged and supported. How can the Government realistically achieve this when it has decided to close its new entrants capital grant scheme and then fail to replace it? I was proud that we had in Scotland a contrast with other parts of the UK very substantial support for new entrants, and that helped to great many new entrants into farming and support that was not available in other parts of the UK. Something that Mr Cameron and his colleagues have never mentioned. Of course, there is still continuing the farming opportunities for new entrants initiative that Henry Graham is developing with our full support, and that too is helping new entrants into farming. The stability and simplicity paper of this one is out of very clear proposals as to the desirability of looking to develop new proposals, which will help further new entrants into Scottish farming. Thank you very much, and that concludes portfolio questions. We are going to move on shortly to the next item of business, which is a debate on motion 15390 in the name of Richard Leonard on Scotland's future economy. We will just take a few seconds for ministers and the member to change seats.


Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen My name is Yashik Singh and I am from the Department of Telehealth at the Nelson-Armandela School of Medicine in South Africa This presentation is going to give you a brief description of what bioinformatics is We're going to speak about why bioinformatics is important give you some examples of Bioinformatics applications and we're going to specifically look at some sequencing tools and some uses of sequencing Before we start with the bio bioinformatics lecture proper. It's important for us to know some background information A very important point for us to realize is that Bases are the building blocks of all organic matter So bases combined with each other to form DNA The four different bases that are actually used when creating DNA are adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine And these are shown in the bottom right-hand corner of this slide These bases join to a pentose ring via a glycosidic bond and creates what is called a nucleoside The nucleoside then combines with either one, two or three Phosphates and are called nucleotides You get a nucleotide monophosphate if one phosphate group is joined to this pentose ring and base if two phosphates are joined. It's called the nucleotide diphosphate and If three are joined. It's called a triphosphate So in order to better explain how this Bases combine with each other to form the helix of the DNA. Please watch this first video So from this video, we realize that the bases combine in a certain Specific way in a certain order to create DNA DNA is then converted to RNA and then from RNA to Proteins and proteins are really a whole group of amino acids link together each triplet of The the bases So you see here TTT, TTC, TTA, TTG Each triplet actually codes for a particular amino acid. There are 22 amino acids 20 of these are encoded using these triplet RNA nucleotides Eight of these Amino acids are essential amino acids, which means that the body cannot create these amino acids themselves It has to be ingested with diet so From from this 20 amino acid if you look at an example TTT when when joined together actually creates the amino acid phenyl alanine But sometimes things go wrong Mutations occur when bases don't interact with each other correctly it forms changes in the amino acids and Changes in the amino acids can result in changes in the proteins and the way we see things These mutations can either be inherited for instance diseases like sickle cell disease or Cystic fibrosis some cancers or they can be acquired For instance, there are some birth defects due to a radiation Leukemia HIV resistance. These are all acquired changes in the DNA which results in different diseases and different And and different types of sicknesses So now that we know why The genome why the DNA why bases why amino acids are so important We realize that the study of this is actually a valuable and that's where bioinformatics comes in Bioinformatics is an applied science and that means that it takes The knowledge of different fields and puts it together to solve some sort of problem If we had to try and find a single definition of bioinformatics We might think of something that states that Bioinformatics is an applied science that uses domains like applied mathematics informatics statistics computer science Artificial intelligence chemistry biochemistry etc to solve problems at the molecular level And this is what differs bioinformatics from the other informatics fields or sub-disciplines in medical informatics Bioinformatics deals were problems at the molecular level So things like genes like the amino acid we spoke about like how mutations in the DNA Cause different types of diseases. How can these mutations be identified? How can they be prevented? How can they be even reversed? so there are many different areas of bioinformatics and Googling them you would find That there are thousands and thousands of websites and webpages actually describing different uses or different aspects of Bioinformatics and this is mainly because it's such an applied field You get sequence alignment gene finding genome assembly protein structure alignment protein structure prediction predict products of gene expression protein-protein interactions and modeling of evolution of These the three most important or the three most Highly researched fields are sequence alignment Predicting products of gene expression and modeling of evolution and in this lecture. We're going to speak mainly about sequence alignment Predicting the products of gene expression is Absolutely vital and this field deals with trying to predict how these bases would interact with each other to actually produce the DNA How amino acids interact with which with each other to actually produce the protein the shape of the protein for instance Modeling of evolution is basically trying to create an environment that you can control Electronically and you can see how how different drugs for instance react As the environment is changed. You can see how for instance HIV drug Resistance samples blood samples of patients would react to certain drugs in a in a Computer's using a computer science program instead of injecting these drugs for them and then testing So it's actually just modeling evolution how things change over time So sequence analysis in the most simplest sense is taking two Sequences that we spoke about before either amino acid nucleotides Nucleosides just any two sequences and actually trying to align them so that there is maximum overlap You're trying to see how close two sequences are together and there are many uses of why you'd want to do this For instance, if there is a new virus That that that is playing mankind and you're unsure of how to start off Creating an antiviral for this you can compare the Sequence the DNA of this virus to a database of viruses and Then find the one that is most close to this new virus and use the antivirals for that virus in the database as they start to actually finding the new antiviral sequence alignment has been used to Determine the type of HIV you have there are some studies that show that the type of HIV that you have actually Actually The type of HIV you have Actually affects the way in which you respond to treatment HIV treatment By sequencing you can actually find out how close you are to other species And that's probably one of the reasons why We can do things like take a heart from a pig and put into a human body Because we know from the DNA how close we are to the pig Searching genes now with searching genes when we are trying to align them together There's a specific algorithm that is used. It's not as simple as just Putting two sequences over each other and trying to see which letters overlap We have to look at all possible combinations in Aligning them and also take into account that insertions and deletions may also occur in the sequence One algorithm that is used for this and probably the most common one is the blast algorithm In the demonstration, we actually going to use the blast algorithm to show you how this works So the first demonstration is the demonstration on finding the subtype of HIV In this demonstration, I take an unknown Subtype sequence I put the sequence into a Program in bio Africa this program takes a sequence it compares it against its database and sees what type of subtype that is The second part of the demonstration is Stanford's HIV DB Website where I show you how Mutations in the DNA is actually used to determine what drugs a patient will be resistant to in HIV therapy The next this the other half of this video is actually trying to show you another use of Sequence alignment and that is proving to you almost a theory of evolution Showing you how close we are to the chimp. So I take two sequences. I take the sequence of the Chimp and I take the sequence of the human and I compare them together using the blast algorithm and I'll show you how similar they are together. So please watch the video called the video to now so we all know that Sequence information is now vital in in medicine Especially now that we are moving towards personalized medicine where medicine is not going to be a List of symptoms that you are asked and then you are given general medication for that In in years to come we'll find the medicine is going to become Individualized where a sample of your blood is going to be taken your DNA is going to be Sequenced or parts of the DNA will be sequenced And that will be used to determine Best medication for you, especially in chronic disease So this use of bioinformatics the use of genome information will actually result in new diagnostic and prognostic information But there are two important things for us to actually consider One is that genome data is very large And when we are creating electronic medical record systems, we have to take this into consideration We have to build the systems In such a way that we ensure that different parts of this data can be accessed easily By different programs that need it But more importantly, we need to start thinking about the ethical and security considerations of having and using genomes Imagine if a medical aid company or an insurance company gets a hold of your genome somehow and They can now predict what drugs you are going to or what drugs you'll be resistant to in the future They cannot predict what diseases you are going to have in the future. What are the likelihood of those diseases? going to be and Is it ethical for them to use this information? And it and increase your medical aid subscription or increase your life insurance subscription or not give you medical aid or life insurance Also, if a doctor uses this algorithm and and and realizes that in the future, you may have some sort of incurable degenerative disease Should he tell you if it's if there's if It's if he just uses the algorithm to act to determine that you are going to have this disease There is in fact no guarantee that you will there's a chance and depending on how good the algorithm is There may be a good chance But does that mean that he has to tell you that you that you will suffer from this disease? What happens if you take this badly and commit suicide or do do other irresponsible things So there are many ethical considerations and also design considerations when you are thinking about use of this type of tools in clinical informatics Thank you very much for your time


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I want to introduce myself because you all know me and you all now have seen that the talk is changing the changes process So I have some boilerplate I start out with so let's talk about it If you want to say nice things you can there's my Twitter handle if you want to say not nice things You can send them to dev know if you have like actual constructive things to talk about Nobody ever shows up to this, but I do hold weekly office hours in IRC You do sometimes It's because you don't in my community blog post apparently no, okay, well now, you know Every word I write is golden you should read like So what we're gonna talk about in the next 24 minutes is A little bit of background about why we have a changes process What the process is just kind of as a reminder, you know Most of you are fairly familiar with it But I feel like it's always good to kind of nudge people in this way. I'm not calling out anyone specifically Now I'm gonna talk about why we're changing what we're changing and then oh, no What if it's terrible and what we do beyond that? So why have it changes process if you are at my Change it change management in open source projects talk at dev conf the next few minutes will seem very familiar But I condensed the 50 minutes down to much smaller than that So I'm not gonna get into like the more broader theory But basically start out with what a change is we're talking here about technical changes to features or processes Things that we ship to our users or ways and that we build the things that we ship So why do we have a process for this it's not just to keep me employed although I do really appreciate getting paid It's communication and these are all different variations of me saying the word communication But it looks better to have multiple bullets on the on the slide So what does it mean by communication? Well, we want to communicate with each other There's a large group of people who contribute to Fedora in some way And it's really hard to keep up with everything that goes on If you subscribe to a lot of the mailing list you mostly are really good at just marking emails as read or just dealing with The fact that you have a thousand unread messages It's good to get feedback sometimes people propose changes that are really bad I'd like to point out that Matthew submitted a change to Basically get some very raw and anonymous numbers from DNF and everyone's like actually that's kind of shady and what it happened They came up with a better idea We had recently that I I'm not here to pass judgment. I'm just reflecting the values of the community back to you So, you know and sometimes it's yeah, this is a great idea But this is gonna affect me in this way and I need time to do this so quick put it off or can we do this thing? You know, there's a lot of coordination that happens And then more communication right so like not just as as we are implementing the change and shipping it But it'd be good to tell people about what we've done one because it's nice to get you know coverage of Our work and so people recognize it and they say, oh, yeah, Fedora I should you know go install the new release because it's got all this cool stuff and Getting that into the release notes is part of the changes process Everything we ever say is immediately turned into a pharaonics article So, you know never come up with any bad ideas on a mailing list because everyone will assume that's what we're doing But process a very wise person said developers don't actually hate process. That's when they when it works they call it culture and You know part of the reason people think they hate process is sometimes the process isn't scaled to the thing So I use this you know as an example So like in for door we have a relatively heavy process because it's a really big Dynamic community with lots of moving parts people who are doing stuff because red hat pays them to people who Work at red hat and are doing stuff because they want to people who are just doing stuff because they like being in the Fedora community and they don't have any real association with red hat on the other hand there's a pearl Twitter client that I maintain or I'm the only maintainer and There's still some users, but people have mostly moved on to other tools at this point So really the change process is Ben sits down decides he wants to code something he pushes it And maybe he calls it a release at some point Not a lot of communication goes on I actually don't spend a lot of time talking to myself So what is Fedora's process well back in the old days Prior to Fedora 20 we had the features process and the main question of the features process is is this a feature or an enhancement people had to make that judgment call and It turns out it wasn't a great process when I was doing some research on this to you know sort of see what was going on I found this comment on a blog post from somebody in the community replying to somebody else in the community and Basically the gist of it. I'm not to sit here and make you try and squint at it. The gist is Why should we do this because all it does is make work? And that was really true because how we tracked the progress of changes was you went in if you were the change owner And you edited the wiki page and said I am X percent done now and you were supposed to do that You're fairly often and you know people kind of just went with 20 40 60 80 100 when they remembered to do it which was almost never and It wasn't really meaningful because 80 being 80 percent done means you've barely started, right? So it wasn't really that helpful So people started complaining people started being unhappy So the fedora engineering steering committee they identified a few issues that didn't work about the features process Feature is very ambiguous people thought it should be a feature but it's actually an enhancement some people thought it was an enhancement really is a feature and Some people didn't think it was either, but it really should have been one of the other and like nobody really knew what it meant There were a lot of different wiki pages that all asked for the same information which was a real pain It didn't account for different types or scopes of features So if you wanted to add a new desktop environment, that was the same as you know, if you said let's replace the Linux kernel with BSD They use the same process even though they are very much not the same scope and The process really didn't make the the feature proposals visible to that visible to the community Until after they were approved like after Fesco said yep, this is good then it's like oh, hey, we're going to do this thing now and Fesco is pretty great shout out to all the Fesco members in the room But there's only nine of them and they can only identify so many problems And having the community interaction early in the process is really good for identifying some problems before they get implemented So my predecessors predecessor helped design a new progress Process that we started using in Fedora 20 and it's really similar to the features process, but it's better It's probably 80 70 80 percent the same But now we don't think about feature or enhancement because those are not really helpful so we distinguish between system-wide and self-contained changes and Let's be honest. We have trouble making those distinctions sometimes too, but it's a little more clear Does somebody else have to do work because of you all right? It's probably a system-wide change is the work contained to you or the group you're working with to propose the change All right, it's probably self-contained. It's there's we still have the the rough edges, but it makes a little more sense now And changes aren't necessarily shipped code most of the changes are Some things are like oh, we're gonna change. We're gonna change what's included in the default build route The end user is never gonna actually care about that because if the package builds the package builds But community contributors that's important because all of a sudden.  I have to update my spec file So my package is still build so the The process is fairly similar for self-contained and system-wide changes, but system-wide changes because they're a little bigger We ask a little more of the the owners for that We have they have to have contingency plans Test plans they have to say what the impact on the other developers is what the impact on upgrades is So if you go from Fedora 30 to Fedora 31 and this changes and implemented will you accidentally wipe the user's hard drive? That's if that's listed in the change proposal I get I'm guessing it will probably be rejected But it's good to identify these things right and so the way the flow kind of works Is the change owner drafts a proposal in a wiki page? They check with release engineering if they have to we have some Made fewer people that have to do that because I was tired of having mohan have to go in and be like yep It's fine. Yep. It's fine. Yep. It's fine. Like it's a waste of his time If there's a trademark approval needed because they're making a new spin or doing something They have to go to the council and the council has the authority to be like yes This is a good use of our trademark and Then if there's some policy changes like around packaging the packaging committee is the gatekeeper for that And then they go and mark the page the wiki page ready by setting it to a category and hoping They don't mistype the category because then it gets lost And so then I go in every so often and you know I refresh of the pages list of pages in that category and I say oh good. There's some new ones so I Change Wrangler post the change proposal really simplifies that I have to go through like grab the source Copy in to an email delete all the markup in the comments and make sure the link is there and make sure I type the Version number right in the subject and I copy and pasted the the title right and if you've seen the change proposals I've sent out in the last year. There's like a 1 in 20 chance that something is wrong I've put the I've said I've said system-wide when I met You know self-contained or vice versa. I've typed the wrong version number as who knows what the hell version of fedora. We're releasing I I'm not very good at this like I cannot copy paste well So anyway, if that happens we give it a week So after a week the community, you know offers their feedback you always constructive they always have these great ideas that add On to it. It's never just empty complaining And then I copy and paste more stuff into a Fesco ticket and then Fesco generally within a week sometimes really faster than that But they go through and they you know approve it or reject it Sometimes they'll go back and say can you add more to this page? We're not really sure what we're voting on or like hey, this would be great But like there here's a concern address it or you're getting can So let's assume Fesco accepts the change. I hand out a shiny new badge The the change owner does the work to implement it and people never do the implementation and then go back like oh I should probably submit a change proposal for that. No, that never happens and Then we evaluate contingency plans where they're we're applicable at the beta freeze usually Sometimes changes are actually like the contingency plan doesn't only need to be invoked until final freeze because it's something kind of small Or maybe it's sooner because it involved the mass rebuild But like for most part it's at beta freeze or some random date that sometimes people just put in And so we have a timeline basically working back from the beta freeze You know code complete a hundred percent code complete testable We start a mass rebuild you have a deadline for submitting so it actually can go through the process So that's your reminder of how the process works So why are we changing anything? I'm selfish I'm lazy and I make a lot of mistakes Yeah, I mean the selfish parts of the self-deprecating but in all honesty a lot of it is like this is just a giant pain in the butt for me and Like all this copying and pasting is not a valuable use of my time that I could be doing other things for the community and Yeah, that's kind of ties into being lazy You know, I'm a former sys admin so I'm always trying to automate myself out of a job and Yeah, I mean I wanted the one and twenty chance that something is wrong when I sent the email or I put the wrong link to The develop list thread in the Fesco ticket or I did something like it's just annoying The other thing I didn't put on there is the the dark magic of how we actually generate the bugzilla Issues once the change is accepted There's a pearl script that parses the text of the wiki page And hopes it does the right thing of pulling out the summary and the title and the change owner and shoving that into Into the bugzilla and mostly it works Right mostly it works because pearl is really good at parsing text and stuff But sometimes people just do something just unexpected enough that I have to go in like manually edit the page Before I can run the script and then I find out the email address They had for themselves on the wiki page isn't their bugzilla email address and bugzilla is like I'm not gonna create this bug I don't know who this is It's fun So as I'm doing this, you know, my idea was like I want to make these changes to make my life better I don't want to make everyone else's life worse One because I have no ability to force anyone to do anything Like if we were all red hat employees working on a red hat product I could call people's managers and be like hey, they're not being a team player Can you do something they'd be like no, but at least I'd have that option In a you know in my view everyone working on fedora is doing it in a volunteer capacity That's the way I think of it because that's that's the same default and it's true to some degree for a lot of people So it's really, you know, I have to try and make it something that people can accept Somebody else said changing people's workflow is unpopular And so this is how I'm gonna burn all the political capital I've developed in the last year doing this job by changing things for you But yeah, so really it's I want it to be something where you don't really notice if you're a change owner that much difference And I really want to automate things because I'm gonna have fewer mistakes. I Can do things faster and spend more time doing other things in fedora and Part of that is by separating out and separating out metadata Like we don't we shouldn't be parsing the wiki text to get people's email addresses We can just say here's the field where you enter your email address Here's the field where you say this is a self-contained change or this is a system-wide change You can just do things and they're separate and you can treat them separately and operate on them separately So with all of that said, what are we changing? Nothing sort of like the actual from the like the business part of the process isn't changing the flow still happens Basically the same way. It's just sort of an implementation detail about how this is gonna work is changing some tooling I have I have nothing but nice things to say from here on out Um Yeah, so it's basically the same process, but just a new tool We're using the tiger instance at teams that fedora project or org if you were in Matthew's talk this morning. He mentioned that so so what does it look like well, you just create an issue and You have Fields that are just custom fields that kind of get some of the stuff we want But then like a lot of the body of like the actual content of what you're proposing to change It's still just there except now you can use markdown, which is a lot easier It's so much easier and if you keep going if you're switching back from markdown to media wiki to back to markdown You never get the formatting right you can also do it in HTML if you really want to but I don't know why you would Maybe yeah But yeah, so like and again like if there's you know if you have some people have a list of Like they use the wiki macros like get package status and stuff You could still point out to a wiki page as like further details, but you can still have the content there Or you can use a handy new CLI tool and just do it all from the command line. So Yeah, so it better work Yeah So the idea is like a lot of the work you're doing is happening in the command line, you know at a terminal anyway You know you're making like Commits to your spec file and pushing that so like what if you just add then you went And then you had an editor come up that you entered your text in and then you could possibly create a release engineering ticket If needed and like all that magic just happened and you never even had to open your web browser that'd be kind of cool, right? So if you want to see more about the the tool come into the summer Coding showcase Saturday morning and also have about what 10 minutes to to talk about it So it'll be a pretty quick overview I'd really hoped we'd be at a point where I could like we'd have like a final version and some documentation I could show you stuff and The reason where you're not at that point is me So I'll take the heat off of you for that like that's entirely on me not having enough time in the day So yeah, so you're submitting your proposals as Tiger issues Then processing happens in an automated fashion I type a command and give it the issue number and it does the thing it sends the email and It sets the reply to so that it doesn't keep going to develop an ounce also So we don't have to keep going back and rejecting people's replies to develop an ounce because that's not useful use of that list So hey, that's an improvement right there already Then it creates, you know when I type the next command it creates the The fesco issue when it's accepted it converts it to a user story And we create the release notes issue and create the bugzilla and I don't have to copy and paste stuff Which means the thing that you will look at is actually correct And we'll still produce HTML change set summaries kind of we have on the wiki page except why deal with the wiki when we could just Write an HTML file and put it on the web Yes Because there was so there was There was enough feedback that people like to use bugzilla like the change tracker bugs to tie in Other bugs like to be related or you know blockers and stuff Yeah Yeah, so if like somebody's for example retiring Python 2 they might link a lot of bugs against the you know Get rid of Python 2 change proposal So What if it's terrible? I mean Tyga has some issues. It's not a perfect tool People already know the wiki they kind of like it some people just were even refused I Actually got that feedback like they're like no the wiki works and I'm gonna keep doing it Hey, there's hundreds of us. We all have our preferences. It's fine Here's the thing if it's terrible we can go back the wiki still exists We can find another way to do it like we can do stuff and I will do the copy pasting for you and The hopes that I can do it correctly and if it's wrong. Well, there's only so much I can do about that But again, like, you know, I really this I'm treating this as sort of an experimental thing like we're gonna try it for a while and we'll we'll improve upon it and if it's just Unacceptably bad forever It's not that's not the change owner's fault that it sucked So we'll go, you know, I will take the time to clean things up for them because I'm nice No matter what Matthew says about me All right, so what's next like I said, I really hope we'd have the CLI tool done I just kept not testing it and not giving them enough feedback and so that makes it really hard for him to You know fix things and get the polish done So then like we'll finish right up some documentation He's actually written a lot of good documentation of the usage of the command line tool itself but we need to document like the change to how you actually submit it and Gosh, there's a whole bunch of wiki pages that I keep meaning to put into Docs stuff or a project org and I just never get to it because man, that's like you got a block out I just need to like sit down like this is my afternoon where I shut everything except the wiki content and the get repo um But we already have some accepted for our 32 proposals including this one like we actually ran this through the changes process Which made me a little nervous, but then I was able to bribe fesco into accepting it. So that was great um, I Was able to use my powers of persuasion and beg fesco for lenient Much better Um, and so, you know as we do it for for for door 32, you know in the next few weeks this will be ready to do so most of the change proposals will be submitted through this and We're gonna we're gonna find things that are bad about it. So we'll fix those if we can But then mostly it'll be done and I'll find something else to improve I already have some thoughts about the release readiness meeting and I will be happy to share them later But it'll be a much that's like a real improvement that everyone can get behind I hope And so with that I am about at time. I don't want to keep people from dinner So I will stick around for questions, but don't feel obligated to to sit here and wait if you'd rather go be doing anything else Yeah So to sum it up the the concern raised is that we have a lot of things that look very similar to this and we're solving them with sort of custom solutions instead of just using Pull requests and get I would argue that anything that involves processing text is not a good fit for A poll a poll request because you can't separate the metadata from the data as easily And we've never been very good about establishing a separation Yeah, I want to go ahead and just pause on the general discussion and make sure they're you know Take any other questions about this specifically Matthew. Yes, I didn't mention that So the question was well will the user stories move through and that yes That is one of the things so right now the the source of truth is the bugzilla issue So if you set it to modify do you set it to on QA with cetera? So one of the things that will happen is there's a script that basically checks the bugzilla status and puts the card in the Right category, so you do get that dashboard view and then so each Release is an epic and tiger so you can just look at like the fedora 32 changes or you can look at all of them and see Where you know easily see what state they're in as opposed to like looking right now It's the wiki page. You have to look through each entry and that I which one's that okay? Yeah, okay So yes, you do get the sort of dashboard view This was never Yep, yeah, so that's one of and so I had originally Come up with this idea and using Pagger as the source of truth. I'd you know started talking to people about this last fall And then tiger became available. I was like, oh, that's actually for like the dashboard kind of view stuff That's actually a much better fit for this kind of workflow I'm not sure I understand the concern. Oh, so it'll be in one place Is that is that the like so PR would be you just Have you the conversation would happen in the pull request as opposed to like on mailing lists and things like that, right? Yeah, so in a lot of ways, this is very similar to how the wiki or based workflow works Yeah, it's like and that's you know, it's like there are things we could probably do better But on the other hand like it's also a way to like make it a little more incremental So like right now once I edit a wiki page, I get email notifications if someone changes it could do the same with you know tracking the the status and nice thing about Tyga versus say Pagger is You know for like issues and stuff You can actually see that the edits were made and see what they were so like it's a little bit a little better version control For the more general case you're talking about I'd love to have a good solution for that I think there are a lot of things where we would benefit from a more generalizable solution But I don't know what that looks like in a way I Mean Doing the thing where we could do all the stuff in And there would be a whole core integration that we could put issues or battle But in the different though and sink the state straight and tied up with the dashboard representation Well, still maintain the source of information Tiger and that would also allow us to do bi-directional planning across different services because everything that happens in Packers already exported out of messages, and then that allows us to change the other services that exist in the door But we didn't get that far because people stopped caring about it And then even broke a little while and then it came back And so we just hadn't gotten back to that In some ways There'll be templates for it Yeah, it's just I mean it's certainly possible it's just sort of a at some point It's not worth separating like a lot of a lot of these things when it's basically just and Honestly now that we have metadata pulled out like I care a lot less about the actual Content in there because like explain it is basically what it boils down to because all the things we need to process it or out separately I Or Changing the policy Yeah, and that's actually, and the council now is a policy for changing the policy, which is submit a pull request, and then we vote on it, so like, you know. We want to have more of this get-centric versus being diagonal, which I personally think is whatever. We want to go down that road. There are some enhancements that, as part of that, that Tiger Bridge that you and I have discussed about, making up the milestones so that they work like a compound board style, moving things and changing actions and stuff like that, and they can easily present ER issues. That would be, because technically there's nothing that stops them from supporting that. It's just that nobody expects for issues to take pull requests, so we don't do that. That's one of the advantages of everything being changed in life. So I guess, what happens to this when it is done in the archive? The one that nice things about our current would be being nice. It's like, go do a Google search for things from, you know, the door, whatever, 12 or whatever the future process started, and see what those things... Seven. It was after the core extras merged. Okay, so I think you can see when things landed there well. If these end up in just Tiger cards that are off the edge of the board in the archive, that's probably bad. Yes, that's the HTML output. That's basically going to be the same thing that we have on the Wiki now, just generated, and then I could have the scheduled directory SSHFS mounted, which I do anyway, and then I can just write a file out instead of having to edit the section and copy and paste stuff in. Yeah, it can be, like once we're producing the file, we can put it wherever. That's other questions. The old stuff when we move to the new process, because it would be nice if all of that was archived and discoverable from the same place. Wherever that is. Yeah, so it would be nice to basically go back to Fedora 7 and just copy everything over. You know, if I get bored or something, but like... I mean, you can just take the HTML-like course and save those static files. What's probably most likely is I'll just take the change set Wiki page and pipe it to a parser that produces just a regular HTML file and stick that in the same location. Yeah. And then maybe also the change pages themselves, just so that way there is some historical record that we don't lose, but not necessarily have to go through and reproduce the wheel. It shows up in the weirdest places now. Half of openSUSU's Wiki about how things are supposed to be turning out references to door changes to therapy. Incredibly detailed about how it's going to happen. Debian references are stuff half of the time for some of the things that they're thinking about maybe possibly finding to do. It's referencing not even proposed changes yet. At this point, I'm pretty sure Michael's watching the change main space and just reporting stuff. Actually, I can come in this dashboard like that and we'll make it more clear what state they're in. That's one of the things I like about this idea is that you may be less confused about what a change means. But yeah, as you come across those things, if you drop a link to me, I just kind of like to see how other people reference our stuff because that would be helpful in knowing how the information is consumed outside of the community. Going back to what I was saying about communication, that's one of the main target audiences is people who aren't coming to flock or contributing to Fedora. It's the tech press, the user community, other distros. The one that I'd like to give as the greatest example of Fedora teacher has changed that everybody just refers to as authoritative is the user group page. Because that thing is everywhere. Every single distro that has actually done it references our page on the methodology on how to do it. From Debian, just when they did their user merge, this year, Fedora, yes, this year, our page from six years ago is the primary documentation for that. And when they did it last year, same reason, same document, OpenSUSA is going through finishing user merge because I'm opening them with enough space. And again, the document shows up. It's in the page where their user merge would either say, reference a Fedora document for more details about how the book works. And it just, it's literally everywhere. So like if you want a reference about like, this is how far this spreads and we don't know it, that page is in so many places that if it disappears, we'd be in trouble. So you should also, when you come across these links, send them to Matthew so he can use them to talk to his management. Be like, hey, look at how much we're driving the rest of the ecosystem. Okay. You know, there are a lot of relief coordinates and they're equal for doing the intro, but you're doing it in an awesome way and it wants to be part of the show and actually founded by individual space. Great. Great. And I know the number of projects that have built their process based on ours. Like for example, the Mendrima family changed their whole development process just like ours after it worked out so well for us. So there was that. The early open stack stuff for their scheduling and release identification was very similar to our process before they switched to the airing model.  Would you mind sending that to me if you remember? Yeah, because I'd just like to take a look. I like to see what other projects do because there aren't too many projects of our size that have like processes around stuff in this way. So it's always nice to compare notes. I don't do them, but in 2005 up until like 2010 or so, they would make these things that look kind of like ours in their wiki that they call blue friends respects and describe what they're changing, the impact, what's required and things like that. And they don't do those anymore, but it seemed like that was the genesis of the way that we do these things. Mira, I'll let you give the last one and then I'm going to get out of the AB cruiseway. Possibly unrelated pieces that are confused by something that's written on very old future pages assuming it's a current state of documentation. Is this going to help that or make it worse? Are you making sure that the documents that are generated actually from the first site are not confused with the current implementation? They will be easier to find. Hopefully they'll be a little more clear about, because it'll be like closed, implemented, but I guess that'll be like, oh, it's current state. I don't think it'll help. I hope it won't make it worse. I think doing a better job of keeping our documentation up to date and in a single, sane place. So the less documentation we have in the wiki, I think the easier it will be for people using search engines to find the correct documentation, because it'll just point to docs.fidoraproject.org instead of a wiki page that somebody wrote and never actually implemented seven years ago. This isn't a change. It has a Fidora 34 official documentation, at least the original docs. That makes sense. It's now 47 minutes after I started for a 25-minute talk. Thank you, everyone, for coming.