Hi there, my name is Laura Madsen and I am a protection officer with UNHCR working on cash-based intervention and today we're going to talk about cash-based intervention and protection. So the objectives of today will be to define CBI and to be able to identify its various forms, to be able to use protection risk and benefit analysis tool to inform the response analysis or in other words to decide the appropriateness of a CBI as a modality of assistance. And to be able to distinguish between protection mainstreaming, protection integration and standalone protection programming as they relate to CBI's. So why do we need to think about protection in CBI's? First I think it's probably important to define what we mean when we're talking about protection. The Interagency Standing Committee defines protection as encompassing all activities aimed at obtaining full respect for the rights of individuals in accordance to the human rights, refugee law and humanitarian law. Protection can involve either removing individuals or groups from a risk threat or situation of violence that may adversely affect their fundamental rights for freedoms or intervening at the source of the violence to stop or reduce it. Protection is important in CBI's that in all sectors where humanitarian actors have a responsibility to place this protection at the center of humanitarian action. Protection priorities need to be captured in the humanitarian response plan. Humanitarian country teams are encouraged to develop a comprehensive response or protection strategy that can provide the framework necessary to address the most urgent and serious protection risks as well as to prevent and stop the recurrence of violations of international human rights and international humanitarian law. So what are cash based interventions? CBI's refer to all programs where cash or vouchers for goods or services is directly provided to beneficiaries. In the context of humanitarian assistance the term is used to refer to the provision of cash or vouchers given to individuals, households or community recipients, not to governments or other state actors. CBI's cover all modalities of cash based assistance including vouchers. This however excludes remittances in microfinance and humanitarian interventions although microfinance and money transfer institutions may be used for the actual delivery of cash. The CBI's are not a program but one modality for a humanitarian response alongside in-kind distribution, service provision, technical assistance that helps to achieve programmatic results such as enabling populations to meet basic needs. They're typically used when target populations are facing an issue of accessibility to goods and services due to insufficient resources and other barriers that limit their access. The advantage with CBI's is that they use local markets and service providers to meet the needs of effective populations. So provided that markets are well provisioned and can scale up its supply when faced with increased demand, CBI's might be the preferred intervention modality because they inject money into the local economy. If populations however are facing an issue of availability of quality of goods and services, the provision of cash or vouchers might cause inflation due to insufficient supply in which case you might want to reconsider in-kind or a combination of CBI in-kind. So key terminologies in CBI. Conditional and unconditional cash. This refers to whether a condition must be met before beneficiary may obtain the cash or the voucher. This could include things like cash for work, attendance at training, bringing children for doctor's checkups depending on what the objective for the program are. Restricted and unrestricted cash refers to how money can be spent. Restricted grants are typically provided through vouchers which limit the expenditures to certain places. For example, at grocery stores or selected traders or commodity. So an example of that would be a voucher worth X number of kilograms of rice. Restricted CBI's are usually adopted when a program requires that cash be spent on specific commodities or services. However, this commodity or service is not necessarily the highest priority of the target population. Unrestricted cash grants will usually be spent on the household's most urgent needs. And finally we have cash delivery mechanisms which refers to delivery mechanisms of how beneficiaries will receive the cash or the voucher. So this could include physical cash and envelope, bank cards, electronic vouchers, ATM cards, mobile banking can even be an option. Key considerations when selecting the term for mechanism include local availability of services, distances to services, access including safety and service costs and speed and ease of setting up the mechanism to be used. So now we'll talk about conceptualizing protection. These are the assistance. The interagency policy on protection describes protection in a continuum and we start with protection mainstreaming on the left to protection integration and then standalone protection programs. In the guide for cash for protection and cash based interventions this continuum is applied specifically to CBI's but these are the general definitions. So protection mainstreaming is an imperative for all humanitarian actors. It's a way for designing and implementing all programs that protection risks and potential violations are taken into consideration. To mainstream protection actors need to understand who is at risk from what or from whom as well as why and the consequences of their actions. Protection integration involves incorporating protection objectives into the programming of sector specific responses to achieve protection outcomes. Integrated protection programming requires all humanitarian actors to commit whatever feasible and appropriate to protection objectives and the design of their activities. Standalone protection programs are managed typically by protection actors and humanitarian actors with a protection expertise. They play a role in ensuring the implementation of specialized protection activities in specific areas with specific objectives to achieve protection outcomes. So what are the most important considerations for designing programs or protection principles are mainstreamed. Protection risks are detected and mitigation measures are put in place. So protection must be mainstreamed throughout the CBI program cycle. In programs where protection is mainstreamed protection principles are incorporated into sectoral interventions with an objective to meet one or multiple basic needs such as food security, nutrition, shelter or livelihood support where cash or vouchers are used as a response modality. Examples of mitigation measures for protection risks can be put in place to include for instance risks related to safety and dignity, fraud, theft, acceptance of cash as suitable modality, social relations and others. So this slide represents the CBI and protection risk and benefit analysis tool and it's a very simple matrix with protection areas noted on the left hand column as safety and dignity, access, data protection and beneficiary privacy, individuals with specific needs, social relations, fraud and market impacts and access. These areas are typically defined when we're thinking about protection risks but they're not fixed and they could be adapted depending on your context. And the matrix takes you through different steps in terms of identifying which risks are apparent within those protection areas. The different community-based protection prevention or mitigation measures that could be put in place, prevention or mitigation measures that can be put in place by humanitarian agencies, benefits and then the decision as to whether you're going to use the CBI in-kind assistance or no response at all. We will go through an example of what this looks like when you're actually conducting the analysis. So in the first instance here we have safety and dignity and the protection risk that is identified is theft and looting or extortion. And then there's a column that discusses what the evidence says and is the risk specific to CBI. And in this case no in-kind assistance may be more visible and it's typically less portable than cash making it an easier target for theft. A 2013 UNHCR WFP review of the evidence on CBI's and protection found that risks or theft and manipulation are not exclusive to CBI's and can be alleviated with a good program design. In the column of humanitarian agency mitigation measures you can find measures such as implementing complaints and feedback mechanisms for beneficiaries to ensure that they have a channel to report any kinds of issues that come up. Two-way feedback mechanisms between communities and humanitarian agencies involving individuals in households and communities in assessment and design can also help to mitigate risks before the implementation of a program. Clear information and two-way feedback mechanisms with beneficiaries, whistleblowing mechanisms, and swift agency response to report fraud or corruption. The potential benefits of using CBI in this case include the dignity of choice, assistance according to personal or household preferences, to be able to purchase exactly what is needed, an increase in participation, and the accountability to beneficiaries. And CBI's also in this case offer a low visibility and a discrete nature to deliver assistance which could be in the form of mobile phones or bank accounts so that individuals aren't identified as receiving assistance perhaps on their different vulnerabilities or selection criteria. And the evidence about the potential protection benefits and outcomes include improvements in household economy and they do not necessarily have lasting secondary effects on women's health empowerment or social connectedness. So that's an example of one analysis for one area of protection. We're going to move on to protection integration in CBI and we're just going to give an example here of a study that was conducted in 2016. It's a mixed method study on the causal mechanisms through which cash and in-kind food transfers decrease intimate partner violence. It was a WFP program. Six months cash vouchers and in-kind food support in northern Ecuador were provided to beneficiaries and it was conditional on participation to monthly nutritional workshops. So this example illustrates protection integration because it's a program that has food security and nutrition objectives but it also incorporates a protection objective which should be to decrease intimate partner violence. The study looked at different pathways the causal pathways in which the decrease in intimate partner violence took place based on a theory of change but I think for these purposes just understanding that there are two separate objectives within the same program gives you a good understanding of what protection integration looks like. Stand alone protection activities in CBI. So this is the third type of programming that we're going to talk about and it's based on a study that was carried out in 2016 called integrating cash transfers into gender-based violence programs. The specialized protection activities or programs have specific protection objectives as a reminder. They aim to help to prevent and respond to protection concerns such as violence exploitation deprivation or discrimination and to support beneficiaries to enjoy their rights. So this example is with the UNHCR commission study in Jordan that examined a program where cash assistance was designed as a tool to build resilience to SGVV within the SGVV response and prevention program. Protection and empowerment activities were complementary to the goal of mitigating GBV risks and cash assistance was identified as a needed intervention because of the high correlation between exposure to SGVV and the lack of financial resources. So 170 to 250 USD per month for at least six months is provided to refugee women in addition to psychosocial support and gender discussion groups for male and female household members. The key findings of the report demonstrated that cash in addition to gender discussion groups can result in decreases in domestic violence and cash can have a short-term life-saving use. Lasting effects were only found as a result of the psychosocial services and discussion groups and cash-facilitated participation in markets and feelings of safety due to social interactions. So as a recap how can CBI contribute to the reduction of how can CBI contribute to a reduction of protection risks? We have a couple of examples here to just give further illustration. Cash transfers used to provide food assistance must provide safe distribution points to ensure that no further harm is experienced by those accessing assistance. This is an example of protection mainstreaming. Another example of integrated protection programming includes conditional cash grants for education which could contribute to increasing primary education in addition to reducing early marriage. Another example of integrated programming includes economic pressures that are contributing factors to GBV such as safe access stable housing or lack of access to basic income. Cash transfers might reduce the risk to GBV by providing for basic needs and shelter options. And finally stand alone protection programs could look like cash transfer that might address aspects of GBV where core GBV response services such as legal services, health services are not accessible free of charge. Cash could therefore be a key aspect of a survivor's recovery in this way cash might be used as a tool within case management. In the case of GBV it's particularly important to have close and intentional collaboration in between GBV and cash actors when implementing these kinds of programs to the coordination of CDIs. With the endorsement of the Intercluster Coordination Group's Terms of Reference 2017 the responsibility for cash coordination has been placed at the ICCG to ensure strategic and streamlined cash coordination throughout the response. As per the Terms of Reference the cash working group has formally gained a space within the humanitarian architecture as a sub as a technical sub working group of the ICCG. A service provider advising the Intercluster Coordination Group on cash issues and accountability. Clusters have an active role to play in cash coordination. The clusters have to develop their own guidance on how to provide assistance within their sectors be it cash and kind or mixed. In accordance with 2015 Interagency Standing Committee Coordination Handbook to plan and implement cluster strategies by developing sectoral plans objectives and indicators that directly support realizing the overall responses strategic objectives is one of the six core cluster functions. And this brings us to the end of the webcast. Here there are some links that help you gain further information if you're looking to mainstream cash or mainstream protection to cash-based intervention or tools that can help you manage and monitor integrated protection cash programming. So there is the UNICR WRC Guide for Protection and Cash-Based Intervention protection the protection risk benefit analysis tool. Recently released is a WRC toolkit for optimizing cash-based interventions for protection from gender-based violence. And then the GPC has a number of tip sheet on cash for protection for each area of responsibility which includes child protection, GBV, housing land and property and mine action. And finally IRC has a safer cash toolkit should be coming out this year. By using the right tools for initial assessments and ongoing monitoring we can contribute to mitigating risk and achieving protection outcomes. We can mitigate any associated risk like gender-based violence with the right programming components and the right approach. I hope this webcast has been helpful and has provided some information to help you integrate protection into cash-based interventions. Thank you very much.


Ios Ashmole's manuscripts from the late 17th century, an excellent way to get a furry, first get a broad square crystal, three inches in length and breadth, and lay it in the blood of a white hen three Wednesdays or three Fridays. Then take it out and wash it with holy water and fumigate it. Take three hazel rods of a year's growth, peel them fair and white, and write the furry's name, which you call three times, on every stick, being made flat one side, and then bury them under some hill where you suppose the furry's haunt. The Wednesday before you call her, and the Friday following, call her three times at eight or three at ten o'clock. But when you call, be in clean life and turn thy face towards the east. And when you have her, bind her in that crystal. Yeah, I don't recommend doing this spell. I'm actually pretty sure it would work though.


Shout out to the CIA. That's how I start lots of my videos. CIA means confident, intelligent, and assertive. In today's video, guys, I'm going to give you seven fragrances I wear when I need, want, and must feel super confident. If you like these kind of videos, cool. Go ahead and subscribe. Drop a like down below. Shout out to the CIA. What's going on, guys? Let's get straight into it. Confidence. You've heard this term get thrown around so, so much. Confidence. You've got to be confident. Get confidence. Acquire confidence. Self-confidence. And then you're like, what? How do you go get confidence? What do you do? You go to the confidence store. What aisle is it on? aisle seven is about the milk, about the eggs. Look, man, you cannot just go get confidence for this. Confidence takes steps to develop. However, there is one thing that any guy can do to automatically give him a confidence boost. That is by wearing a super confidence-building fragrance each and every day.  Don't skip. Every day. Day in, day out. Week in, week out. Month in, month out. For 100 days straight, wear a fragrance and see the magic happen in your life. When I need to feel confident, there are certain fragrances that I spray on that I just know are going to be winners for everybody. I don't mean for this segment over here or that segment over here. I don't mean for this occasion or that occasion. I spray these on and I know I'm automatically in the zone and they are all fragrances that anybody can get. Let's get into that super confident building list right now. Shout out to the CIA. You want to love FBI. You want to become part of the movement. Make sure you join me on Patreon for exclusive video and live stream content. Join me on that platform for things you will only see there. Details down in the description. First up from the master, Tom Ford. We have Tom Ford, Gray Vettiver, Audit Parfum or Audit Toilette. I prefer the Audit Parfum. This, I say, is the Marlboro Man steps off the billboard. Super mega masculine fragrance that each and every time I wear it, I know I'm in the zone. Honestly, Tom Ford could have charged three times more for this and people would still think it's a value. Everybody can get their hands on it. Guys, stop walking by this. Even for my guys under 30. Yes, grab this. Make this your signature all percent and I guarantee you, you'll feel 10 feet tall by wearing Tom Ford, Gray Vettiver. It is that frickin' great. Next up from Hermes. You're digging the Hermes? Yeah. Territor Hermes. Territor Hermes, guys, takes that Vettiver thing that I liked about Tom Ford and gives it a citrus twist. Gentlemen, each and every time I wear this fragrance, it starts a conversation and that's a good thing. I like to draw the world to me and Territor Hermes works like none other when I want to draw people to me. I have actually told stories where I've actually gone into restaurants or something and a group of women have just sat at the table to smell me. I was rocking and wearing this each and every time. Do yourself a favor. Add Territor Hermes to your lineup and you will not be disappointed. Confidence mega monster. Next up from the house of Chanel, we have none other than Chanel Ego East. Selfish. Yes, this Cinnamon Sanderwood masterpiece is a compliment monster. I have yet to meet a person that did not like the way this smelled on my skin. Again, signature scent word. They can be worn any season, any reason by any age. A nice sexy masculine Sanderwood fragrance. This is like none other. And yes, I like this far better than Platinum Ego East. This one just has that hint of cinnamon and a little bit of sweetness with that masculine edge. God, Chanel Ego East, the bomb in one of my confidence fragrance must haves. Next up, you know, no list will be complete without the best designer fragrance on the planet period. Aqua de Jo Profumo. Aqua de Jo Profumo, guys. How many of my ways can I shout? It's praises. The best selling fragrance of all time gets made even better with incense and patchouli. Again, great for cool weather, great for warm weather, great for t-shirt, great for tuxedo, great for teenager, great for old folks home. Guys, this one is just masculine sexiness in a bottle and a major boost to your confidence. So much so that even with all the fragrances I have in there, I still rock and wear this often because, hell, it just works. And when I know I just need a little boost, I get it from Aqua de Jo Profumo. You will, too. Next up from Gucci, we have Gucci Intense Oud. Yup, Gucci Intense Oud. Take everything I dig about black Afgano and put it in a much more wearable fragrance. And yes, you can wear this fragrance all year round, in my opinion, especially if you work in an office environment. The darkness, the depth, the masculinity, the macho in this fragrance is just beyond compare. And each and every time I wear this fragrance, I feel like the man. Gucci Intense Oud. Blind by worthy, in my opinion. If you need a confidence monster, and Gucci Intense Oud fits the bill, in my opinion, best designer Oud on the planet. Gucci Intense Oud. Take your confidence to over 9,000 with this baby. Next up from the House of Valentino, we have Valentino Uwama Intense. Yup, before Keanu Reeves and John Wick stole my signature look, I was rocking all black. When they came out with the all black bottle, I'm like, yeah, I see what you're trying to do. Valentino Uwama Intense takes everything that people love about your own intents, and makes it much more sophisticated and wearable. But at the end of the day, what does it really do?  That is this fragrance. Yes, gentlemen. I dig Valentino Uwama Intense because of the reaction it has on the sexy ladies reaction. Yup, Valentino Uwama Intense does that, and I even love it to wear to the office. So that's why I said, all these fragrances, in my opinion, can be worn year-round, especially if you're in an office environment to boost your confidence. If you need to walk into somewhere smelling, feeling like the man, Valentino Uwama Intense puts you in that mind space. And last, but certainly not least, another one from the master, Tom Ford, Noir Extreme. Check out this video up here where I actually walk around the entire day showing you the compliments, showing you the live reactions from people. This is the fragrance I was rocking and wearing, gentlemen. Tom Ford Noir Extreme is just money. Straight up money for me. Honestly, if I was still out there in corporate America, I'd be wearing great vetiver and Noir Extreme as signature fragrances. Yep, I would alternate the days I wear them, but I'd wear one one day, one another, switch up, mix and match that way. Actually, I'd probably use this entire lineup, but that would be the way I would start and the way I would end the week. They'd be seven fragrances for seven days, so you can feel like the man anytime. That's it, gentlemen. That's a my list for seven fragrances that I wear when I need to be in the zone, when I need to be super confident. Do me a favor, hit me up in the comment section. Let me know what are the one, two, three, four, five, six, seven fragrances that you wear when you need to have your confidence on over 9,000. You need to have your confidence up and over the moon when you know you need to be in the zone, demand to get things done. Let us know what you wear, rock and why. If you like this kind of video, go ahead and give me a thumbs up and share it out to somebody that you think you use the information. Thanks for watching. Thanks for subscribing until the next time. Talk to you later. Godfather? Hey, guys. Whether look, style, or life, whether personal or professional, you can level up and be your personal best each and every day. If you're interested in any of that, do us both a favor, follow the link in the description and book your one-on-one session with me. Details down in the description. Peace. Oops! I said seven, but there are actually four more that I gotta add to the list and the design around. Give me a second. Another one that is an instant confidence booster for me is none other than Prada Lomb. Look, I know some of you guys are like, what? That's just a clean, fresh, office fragrance. Yeah, but it's a confidence monster. When I'm in an office environment or something like that and I don't know what the situation is, this is one I reached for because iris in here is so good and it's so inoffensive but so manly and masculine. Prada Lomb always puts me in the right mood when I need my confidence on high, especially when I don't know what I could be walking into. Get this one. Next up from Carolina Herrera, C-H-Men. I love this fragrance. And I have to smell good in close quarters because this one is not a performance monster. It does a project like a monster. It's not glowing, but what it is is masculine, kind of sweet, sexiness. When someone gets within two to four feet of you, you have them with this one.     Again, another confidence-boosting monster. For me, how I like to rock and how I like to wear. I'm going to give you these two in the bundle. Bleu de Chanel Parfum, Dior Sauvage Parfum. Pick the formulation you love. EDT, EDP. I prefer the Parfum. They are one, two in my collection. They will never be out of my collection because they just work. They work, they work, they work, they work. And they work like Prada Lomb, in my opinion. If I don't know necessarily the environment that I'm going to be going in, but I need to smell like a man and I need to be confident, I pick one of these. Great for boardroom, great for flights, great for church, great for chamber meetings, great for so many practicals, great for so many situations you can never go wrong with these. And honestly, the way they perform on my skin, you know, a lot of times people talk about projection in terms of hours. I talk about projection in terms of how far it projects off of your skin. For me, I love the Parfums because they don't project loudly. They're in closer, so when you get inside of three feet, which is right about my personal space here in the States, three feet, I got you with either one of these. And I got to throw a bonus in just because it's so good. Kills original musk. Look, man, I set it for under 50 bucks. This is a fragrance that I think both men and women need. Women musk on your skin. Ah, Tremaine de Fique. Ice musk on our skin makes us like Burt Reynolds 1975 Trans Am Hair on the Chest Flaming Chicken. That's this. Kills original musk, in my opinion, is the best musk fragrance for everyone on the planet. Simple, understated, sexy. Simple, understated, confidence. Quiet, brooding confidence kills original musk. Your Godfather's a perfectionist, guys. That's why I had to go ahead and tack those few additional fragrances on because look, I know that I want you to feel confident at all times. I need you to feel like a confident, intelligent, and assertive man all year round. Check you later.


To go to the next part of this panel, handing over the floor to Her Excellency Mariam Alméry to speak about the sustainable food system. So we go from energy to food. Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. First of all, thank you for your time to be here with us. Thank you also to the World Policy Conference organizers. It's really been, we've had some great discussions. Yes, I'm going to talk a little bit about, I've taken now the Minister of Climate Change and Environment Role. Before that, I was Minister of State for Food and Water Security. So I did spend a lot of my years looking into food systems. So I'll be talking a lot about that now, because I've just started my new journey. And, but for me, it's also a big learning lesson to see the discussions around energy, around climate change.  So I mean, we all, we just had the United Nations Food Systems Summit. SDG goal number two, zero hunger by 2030 is still a huge step away. There's clearly still a lot to be done. It's funny because in a way our food systems are the problem, but they are also the solution as well. The more we try to ramp up our food production to overcome the effects of climate change, the more we're actually contributing to climate change itself. And really what is needed now is total commitment to food systems transformation. And for us here in the UAE, we see ourselves as responsible global citizens. And for us to do this transformation and be part of this transformation, we also have to start looking at these transformations within the UAE itself. I kind of just want to give you a little bit of a history. 2008, 2009, we faced our food, last food crisis here in the UAE. And the leadership of the UAE really said, okay, it's time we take food security needs to be taken more seriously than it has been. We need to start looking into how we can ensure that we're not just food security today, but also in future. In the past years, UAE has been known as being a hub of food trade. So we have our ports, we have our national airlines, we have excellent infrastructure to bring huge volumes of food into the country. And as you may all know, we have over 200 nationalities living here in the UAE. Everybody has their tastes and what they like to eat. So everybody likes to go to the supermarket and find their foods that they usually find at home. So when you see this, we're now really looking at, okay, moving forward, how can we ensure, because we are so dependent on the global food supply chains, how can we make sure that the UAE still has or is ensured of food security in the future? Going through COVID was also a big learning lesson for us. So going back to, we faced our food crisis and the leadership took many steps. One of them was to appoint a Minister of State for Food Security, which is myself. This was also the first time for the UAE. With that, the first steps I did was making sure we have a plan that the country knows where it is that we're going, because food security as a subject itself, it's about food trade, it's about nutrition, it's about food loss and food waste, it's about food safety, it's about ensuring you have national reserves, especially for a country that doesn't have the typical agricultural lands and we're not an agricultural country in itself, so you have the national storages as well. So thinking of all those things, I kind of had to speak with all the stakeholders and bring them together and say, let's create a national plan for the country to ensure that in future we're also ready and we're more resilient. So we launched the National Food Security Strategy 2051 in 2018. Then of course for every strategy you have to have a vehicle to move this forward. So we then created the governance model for the UAE and putting it forward and then bang, 2020 came, COVID came. And this was for us a big learning lesson. Believe me, there was a lot happening in the background, but for those who lived here, for a country that brings in more than 90% of its food, we didn't face a single minute where some shelves were empty of certain food commodities. And I think this really shows that we as a country have a really robust food system and that the plans we had in place and the programs and the partnerships and the leadership's political, the political will was there. I think these were all really important elements to showcase that the only way you can move forward also in future is to ensure that you have these elements in place. And so with that, of course, taking also action on a global scale and helping other countries, I mean I think a lot of you saw, I mean we did repatriation flights and we kind of used those flights to bring in food to the country. The UAE was really one of the leaders when it came to humanitarian aid. We sent them food, we sent them medical supplies. So we really took our role as a responsible world citizen when it comes to food systems and towards the SDG too. So we of course took our part as well in the United Nations Food Systems Summit and as you all know we're now moving towards COP26 as well. But before we go to COP26, a key element that we learned as well going through COVID was that actually we should start looking at what we could grow in the UAE and it needs to make commercial sense and sustainability needs to be in the heart of it. So you've all heard of vertical farms or closed environment agriculture. So these are all systems of how you can now grow food in a closed system where you can actually control the environment and where you're able to actually recirculate the water. You can recirculate it again and again and reuse it. For us, water is a precious resource as well. So we really tried to look into, okay let's create, now we have the plan and we also have the UAE food basket. So we needed to identify what are our main food items and all these 200 nationalities living in the UAE. What does the UAE actually eat? And so you see things like rice of course, there are other parts of the world where potatoes then more the commodity there. So really looking into the needs of the countries, what are the food items and then from that basket what actually makes sense to grow in the UAE and this is where the private sector then came and said, okay we now have technologies we don't actually need. It can all be done inside, we just need small space and we need connection to water and electricity. So this is where you get the whole connection of energy and water and the whole idea now is hopefully one day how can we grow food without using expensive unsustainable energy sources and being able to use water, treated wastewater for example into the system to have food for everybody. And I often say the three S's, how can we use the sun, the sea and the sand to produce food. So the UAE wants to become not just a hub for food trade but we want to become a hub for technology, innovation and knowledge when it comes to growing certain foods in environments such as in the UAE and this is where we're moving towards. I'm sure some of you have heard of the Aim for Climate initiative which was announced at the leaders' COP summit where His Excellency Joe Biden announced the Aim for Climate initiative. Our Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid also announced it so it's called Agriculture Innovation Mission for Climate, Aim for Climate and it's all about how countries can come together, share data, share knowledge and accelerate in research and development needed to transform our food systems. So we're taking our, we see this as a duty that we must do and we've already started, the first initiative was announced to create a valley or a playground called Food Tech Valley. So this is in a way, I like to say playground where we hope to see future, clean, tech-based food technologies, food systems come alive. This is where we try to attract youth, where we attract women, more women into the sector to try and look at how we can grow food differently and so we're really excited about these projects moving forward and as I was saying, this is some of the glimpses I don't want to go on and on with a lot of the initiatives that we've done but the UAE is really taking big steps into transforming our own food systems and also helping other countries as well. And of course as we move now to COP26, unquestionably the most important addition of the summit since the inaugural COP was held in Berlin in 1995 the UAE is really fully committed to playing a leading role at the summit. We have been one of the few countries in the region to submit and now I need to look a little bit more at my notes because this is going into my new portfolio. So we were one of the few countries in the region to submit a second NDC which is called the National Determined Commitments, correct? Contribution, there we go. I think you are more familiar with the wordings than I am. Ahead of the December 30th, 2020 deadline which included a region-first economy-wide target of 23.5% reduction of emissions by 2030 and I believe this translates into an absolute emission reduction of about 17 million tonnes. We also support the GE77 and China position that developed countries need to deliver on the $100 billion of public finance they promised in 2009. Although as a developing country, the UAE is not part of this pledge but we believe in helping fellow developing countries. Here are some examples. We are major investors in renewable energy projects in over 70 countries. I'm sure Moabadela, Mazdar are some familiar companies that you know that have done huge investments in this area. We have provided billions of dollars in humanitarian relief for climate disasters. We have provided over $1 billion of grants and soft loans for renewable energy power projects in developing countries. We will be delivering a high level participation at COP26 with our supplementary initiatives including the launch of Aim for Climate which I just talked about with the USA. This is a voluntary initiative that brings together participants to increase and accelerate global innovation research and development on agriculture and food system transformation and support of climate action. We like to lead by example and show efforts in transforming our food systems. We know that this is not easy and it also takes mind change as well and we're experiencing this in the UAE as well making the people understand that we need to move forward with these transitions. We need to look at how can we empower companies for example who have ag tech technologies and say you know what we're ready to grow strawberries in the UAE. How can we empower these companies to actually grow strawberries in the UAE? So what we've done a lot to is listen. Listen to what the private sector needs and in doing so what we're trying to do is change the blueprint of the country because the blueprint of the country so far was very much based on food trade but now changing the blueprint to start attracting investments to the UAE. So there are small things like access to finance, there should be insurance companies to ensure your produce. Some people may think this is actually basics but these are things that we have to actually lay the foundation for in the UAE to try and look at how we can now attract ag tech companies to develop in the UAE. So with that I will stop talking and take your questions.