G'day, May 40 here So I went to a beautiful party last night filled with beautiful people beautiful food beautiful times and it was predominantly orthodox Jews and The the birthday boy Someone sent him like this gay greeter who came and sang him a happy birthday and sang him YMCA It It was pretty funny, so I don't think this would have gone over particularly well with the Haredi party All right, so if this party had maybe been of traditional orthodox Jews but So there are traditional orthodox Jews who generally allow orthodox Judaism to just dominate all of their life and Then there are more modern orthodox Jews for whom orthodox Judaism plays a role, right? It's it provides a structure, but More modern orthodox times will watch TV go to movies and their life During the week will be largely indistinguishable from how secular people live a life so That's that's kind of the the great divider between traditional orthodox and the modern orthodox So this you know more modern orthodox gathering You know almost everybody found this gay entertainer hilarious and I was laughing I was funny quite quite amazing. Am I listening to Rabbi Yosef Mizrahi and Rabbi Reuvene? No, I'm not It's too low IQ bro. So I can't believe it. I just Laughed and laughed this Amy Schumer video. I Can't believe I laughed it Amy Schumer, but There's this this video That she released from her Comedy Central Show it's called football town nights. It's a play on Friday night lights And there's this small town high school football coach played by Josh Charles And he's the new coach in town and he comes in talks to the team says, okay We're gonna run hurry up offense. We're gonna practice twice a day And my third rule is and just trust me on this guy's no raping And so for the next half hour His team is outraged and they're coming up with all these objections to his no raping rule like well, what if I'm not raping anyone but my friend is and All I'm doing is is capturing the video on my phone. No, you're not allowed to do that Well, what if the girl says yes to something else? I asked her last week. Is it then okay to rip it? No Well, how about just reaping on away games? No and so The the town revolts against the coaches no raping rule and these like old ladies come by his house and say you know How are these players supposed to let off steam? How are they supposed to relax if you've got these intrusive no raping rules and Then the team plays and they get their asses kicked and they're down by 15 points at halftime and And the coach comes in he says you think the other team is just gonna lie down and let you have it No, you have to grab them. You have to take it You have to go out there and possess you have to violently subjugate this team Then everyone gathers around for the final cheer like clear eyes full hearts no raping I Love this Religion in secular society book by Brian Wilson. It first came out in 1966 But they've released an updated edition and They've made some changes. They no longer call blacks Negroes. They now call them blacks and They no longer refer to God as a he So they've updated the book for 2016 and they've included a lot more explanations about what he's talking about because we're a much less Religious society in the West today than we were even in 1966 but the trends towards modernization were clear in 1966 so The more a society develops becomes more modern the less religious it becomes so the most advanced societies are the least religious generally speaking and The most religious societies generally speaking are the least advanced and it's inevitable it seems as the Processes of modernity progress societies increasingly become less religious and there doesn't seem to be any way that this is going to Change So countries like Norway according to some UN report is the most advanced society we have today And only about three percent of Norwegians go to church every week So why there is no way back for religion in the West? It's a professor David verse. So he's a quantitative social science Scientist with a background in demography So I'm going to link that that talk so So provocative thesis why there is no way back for religion in the West right religion in secular society chapter 3 so I gave a little hint about The first two chapters of this book. So now it talks about the social context of secularization So talks about people's religious. So from a secular perspective the primary purpose of religion is emotional gratification And so the thesis of this book is that people now have a lot more ways to get their emotional needs met outside of religion hence they no longer need religion as much as Their their ancestors did So we are now living in it in the least religious time in human history So we now have all sorts of new channels for emotional gratification and emotional expression We have YouTube. We have psychiatrists. We have therapists. We have psychiatric drugs. We have TV We have movies. We have music. We have recreational activities. We have spiritual activities We have 12-step we have yoga So we have all these new avenues for emotional gratification that people in history did not have And so people are now increasingly getting their emotional needs met outside of religion Then what about people's social, cultural, political and economic needs? People are now not primarily looking to religion for these needs. Instead, they're looking to cultural movements, political movements, recreational associations So a sense of community has shattered in the modern age because we now associate primarily on the basis of our increasingly specialized professions and our increasingly specialized recreational activities So if you're really into yachting, you're gonna spend around spend a lot of time around people who yacht If you're really into 12-step, you're gonna spend a lot of time around people who 12-step If you're really into mixed martial arts, you're gonna spend a lot of your spare time with other people who practice mixed martial arts so when we struggle with issues of social arrangements distributions of power wealth, prestige, life chances, general patterns of life We now primarily look not to supernatural intervention or religious intervention to change these things We now primarily look to pragmatic political action So the widespread religious teachings that we must show contentment with our lot We must simply fulfill our obligations whatever social class we're in or Or we can simply pray that God will enter the human scene again and impose a new dispensation these orientations which Consistently diminish in strength as modernity rules on and as realistic political possibilities are increasingly realized So there's been a steady shift in focus from the afterlife to this life And with that has become an increasing sense of Self-direction that we have the potential for increasing Mastery over our own lives and our own fates now To be honest, I think we all realize that we tend to be much less effective at self-direction then we would like to be and we increasingly realize the complexity of human purpose and emotions and We we understand our own human frailty and so that's what we blame our problems on rather than This is just God wanting to try us in this world or this is just God giving us each his cross to bear So religious and moral interpretations of factual circumstances have diminished scientific political and cultural and artistic interpretations have taken their place So preoccupation with the morality of nation-states has diminished Well preoccupation with the morality of nation-states has replaced preoccupation with individual morality as the dominant moral concern In button society and the chat is just going wild. They're absolutely loving this show Bro Luke Ford is giving me a personal lecture. Thanks, bro How is your young Kapoor fast? It was not easy, but Spiritually redeeming bro spiritually redeeming so as we become increasingly scientific in our orientation So we increasingly look to science to get answers for how the world works as we increasingly see medical and technological benefits from science science rises in prestige and Prestige is relative. So a science rises in prestige religion drops in prestige. So one way that you can see The battle between science and religion is over is that increasingly religious leaders Over the past 80 years have wanted to say look, there's no conflict between religion and science. So what type of person? You know, what what's the agenda when you're emphasizing that you have no Conflict with you know another modality or essentially you're saying that you don't want to have conflict You don't want to compete because you recognize that you can't compete So religious leaders saying there's no conflict between religion and science They're recognizing that science is essentially one in the hearts of minds of modern people Yeah, I think both Rabbi Mizrahi and his buddy Rabbi Reuven are low IQ buffoons Have I read poke others? Yes, the ethics of the father. I've read it many times So the way we operate in society is increasingly Guided by science and increasingly subjected to rational planning and organization So people are more and more involved in social activities In which their own emotional dispositions are less immediately relevant. So we're more cogs in a machine So our thinking has become more pragmatic and more matter-of-fact and we're spending more of our time in rational organizations such as firms public service educational institutions working for the government the state which impose rational behavior upon us So the church with from a secular perspective their dominant function was the institutionalization of emotional gratification So the church now stands in sharp and increasingly disadvantaged Contras to the increasing rationalization of society So we've got the growth of political movements organizational techniques that have reshaped our sense of social decency our shape of Propriety and They've provided us with new outlets for our efforts and our energy So it used to be people put much of their spare time into religious activities into doing good deeds Teaching people how to keep showers how to wrap to fill in We're in voluntary organizations We would you know share the gospel if we were Christians but now people are increasingly inclined to devote their spare time to recreation and to the arts and social activities based on Professional specialization and recreational specialization so in the in the Protestant denomination particularly Methodism you had the Rise of opportunities for the laity for the nonclergy even to give sermons so The floodgates opened up for this wider participation of the laity in diverse religious activities And so this was a way for nonclergy to get prestige to move into good standing in the community by their voluntary effort, but now people are taking their energy in their efforts and Not so much volunteering in religious organizations, but in recreational cultural and secular organizations so Recreational associations like your local soccer club, right? You're not going to get the reverence necessarily the community esteem with regard to these efforts, but people find Recreational activities and secular activities To they get more out of it So if people get more out of watching a TV show or going to a book club Then praying in church or synagogue. They're going to go to book club or to soccer club People will find that engaging in secular activities Provides benefits of largely recreational and more here and now benefits than the other worldly benefits of religion Whatever became of ethics or the mothers? well men Standardize men love rules men love hierarchy right women aren't into The making of rules the making of legal systems nearly and and the making of abstract Documents and abstract teachings nearly as much as men. So the ethics of the mothers is much more based on relationship So it's much more emotional. It's not primarily Cognitive rule bound and hierarchical Rabbi Rubin thinks that any lost semen causes 300 million evil spirits to develop in the underworld and they will come after you Why do I think about Henry Abranson? I don't think I have any opinion on him Why do I think about turning off a light or driving a car on the Sabbath? I believe that these are sins for orthodox Jews That's a that's a knock meaning the Hebrew Bible forbids neither yet orthodox or hardcore about this Yes, because Judaism orthodox Judaism in particular is not primarily based on the Bible. It's primarily based on the Talmud So the Talmud is a largely legal code that developed about 2000 years ago While the the last book of the Tanakh the Hebrew Bible was put into final form about 2200-2300 years ago So we now have a much wider range of recreational activities leisure opportunities available to us than we did 100 years ago 200 years ago 300 years ago So the basis for the orthodox Jewish prohibition on starting or stopping electrical current on Sabbath is That it's starting a fire right that electricity equals fire But there were leading 19th century orthodox rabbis who disagreed with the notion that electricity is fire so by no means clear that electricity is fire it was a debate among orthodox rabbis and Eventually those rabbis who held that electricity is fire They won out and the reason you can't drive a car on the Sabbath is spark plugs Now what if they start cars develop cars that don't have spark plugs? it still will go against the The feeling the communal sense of of the Sabbath So I don't think you'll ever find cars are going to be accepted in orthodox Judaism Talmud has no discussion about lights or cars. Yes That's true, but it has discussion about fire. So Obviously a document composed 2000 years ago is not going to anticipate every technological development that we have today Now I did find an example of the word radio in the Talmud So radios refer to in the Talmud. I'm not sure if it's the same I'm not sure if it's the same Radio that we think about but Radio is mentioned in the Talmud New York scholar recall. So this is from the Jewish theological The Jewish telegraphic agency January 1 1924 So the new discovery of the radio is not a discovery, but a rediscovery is the claim of a Jewish scholar Samuel Cahan So he mentions in the fifth chapter of Yuma That talks about the rabbis have learned three sounds which travel from one end of the world to the other They are the sound of the sun traveling Around the world the sound of the soul when it leaves the body and the sound of a mob in a large city And some rabbis say that the sound of the radio also does the same thing So yeah, there are rabbis who claim that the radio is referenced in the Talmud Rabbis seem to add a lot of stuff and make some things far harder than the actual bible says while downplaying real sins well remember Judaism is primarily the culture of a particular tribe And so all tribes have and all civilizations have ways of adapting and developing new laws to deal with with new situations So the rabbis will grab grab a pursuit a test in the Torah text in the Torah Which says you know listen to your elders and then they will say we are now the elders and so people should listen to us Now rabbis will Will make legal rulings, but if the people ignore them then those rulings tend to lose their power Colin Liddell says look get your massive audience to check out my latest short pod So Colin Liddell examines recent events in Afghanistan season the historical echo of an earlier U.S. attempted nation building The efforts of the federal government to remake the American south following the clash of civilizations that we call the American civil war That looks quite interesting And the chat says most Jews in second temple Judaism never knew of a Talmud And they didn't listen to the rabbis So They didn't listen to the Pharisees So yeah, but Pharisee Judaism was the only form of Judaism which perpetuated itself So there were many forms of Judaism 2000 years ago only one perpetuated itself That's Pharisee Judaism, which is Talmudic Judaism So just because rabbis seem to add on to things that are not in the Talmud Doesn't mean that their rulings are less true or less objective or you could even argue that they're They're just as divine. Maybe they They receive divine inspiration that that's not the traditional Jewish way the traditional Jewish approach claims that the rabbis are They're just Interpreting these ancient texts to apply them to today's changing circumstance So religion in secular society an absolute classic in religious sociology published by Brian Wilson in 1966 so It used to be that the church had a monopoly on information the church dominated printing presses And you'd get a lot of your information and your intellectual stimulation at church from your clergyman And and the churches dominated the institutions of higher learning. So Oxford, Cambridge, Harvard, Yale, these were all started as theological seminaries But times have changed. So now education is increasingly in the hands of secularists and we now have the emergence of Artistic forms such as films movies music that increasingly meet people's emotional needs more effectively than organized religion so Say that the film industry and the tv industries Uh, these are much more immediately appealing to people's emotional appetites Right and These industries can offer people, you know, anything that that will turn a profit So it's these industries are ideologically uncommitted. They will test the market to see what people will pay for To see as entertainment They're prepared to defy social conventions and the accepted morality when it's in their profit interest to do so And if they can avoid government interference So the entertainment industry From the very beginning has been a challenge to religion because from a secular perspective both religion and the entertainment industry Their primary function is to provide us with emotional comfort And so the entertainment industry has offered people more immediate emotional gratification More immediate emotional titillation more immediate emotional comfort more diversion Uh, they've they've offered us new interpretations of our daily life that may be more compelling than what people hear in church or synagogue And they have increasingly out competed organized religion for our time for our attention and for our money And so the the content of the entertainment industry is not just an alternative way for us to spend our time It also offers us an alternative set of ways to understand our lies new new ways of Of moral values So Entertainment has replaced religion's attempt to awaken public sentiments By offering titillation of our private emotions more effectively than organized religion So the church has lost its monopoly over communication So rather prosperous as I come For the lectures, but I stay for the teeth One of the chief characteristics of religion is extraneousness That's interesting. So I know extraneous means Irrelevant or unrelated to the subject being dealt with of external origin Separate from the object to which it is attached That's a That's an interesting thought there colon so So prior to the mid 19th century People primarily got their information from organized religion and their intellectual stimulation from organized religion But now secular press and secular media and secular entertainment have supplanted that So used to be prior to the mid 19th century the clergyman was If not the most powerful voice in his local community He would have been like one of the the top three most powerful voices in his local community but now A clergyman is just one of hundreds of diverse voices that we can tap into just going on youtube or the radio or tv or movies or books and so The clergyman now is competing with you know a whole array of offerings that are increasingly far more effective than he is That are increasingly much more sophisticated in how they use mass media So the church is able to use mass media, but it doesn't do it nearly as well as other people So the amount of entertainment music news drama secular education other types of information that's carried by tv radio press cinema The internet religious information is just a tiny part of that flood and professional religious people generally not as good at using the media as more secular people So religious people who use the media tend to use it as a courtesy and on-sufferance. They tend to be older and They're using media that's increasingly dominated by youth and so when organized religion uses the media It's often employed by media magnates to kind of whiten the image of an industry which is Often charged with being subversive immoral and deleterious So the church is willing to use the mass media and then the media controllers use this in their own defense as evidence of their own social responsibility but Religion claims preeminence right religion claims to have preeminent truth religion claims to Have access to the divine Religion claims that it knows best of all modalities how you should lead your life So when religion is competing with all these other groups and individuals in mass media they are relegating essentially religious material to a marginal place In mass communications and it's kind of in opposition to its own religious message so So when the the church uses mass media It's relegating itself to the level of this medium So that detracts from its own claims to preeminence So the when the church uses mass media that changes the image of the church and in an increasingly secular society Religion increasingly accepts a more marginal position in mass communications which is in complete defiance of its own self-assessment as the preeminent source of wisdom and morality Robert says America's best hope for media is that Islam takes it over All the rabbis quoted in the Talmud are from like 60 BCE to 600 AD yet they claim it went back to 1300 BCE with Moses. Well, that's that's a very traditional approach is Throughout the Middle Ages non-Jews and Jews would claim that the origin of their teachings came from Far, far back that made their teaching seem more authoritative Robert says Luke knows all this, but he derives social benefit from these people so he does not want to rock the boat You would think that stuff going back to Moses would have people from Moses's time quoting it How could there have been an oral Torah if almost no Jews of the second temple had ever heard of it? Well, maybe the whole doctrine of the oral Torah was was developed in response to circumstances. So situations change and we have to change in response to those circumstances if we're going to be effective and one of the most effective ways of running a community is to claim that your teachings harken back to a much more ancient time The weird thing says Robert is the so-called oral law was always written and the written law began orally Well, I don't think you're right here Before the the Torah was ever written down. It was relayed orally And then eventually it was written down and commentaries on that writing were carried on orally and then eventually they were written down In parts of brooklyn, they still get their information from their Rebbe Yes, but even in in brooklyn even in Hasidic brooklyn. They're still exposed to the internet to radio to tv to music Yeah, it's not just that the catholic church has its own oral law and the muslims too all peoples have to have their own oral laws All right It's not just enough to have laws written on the books You also need oral interpretations about how to apply those laws. So you go to work Right, and you may be given an employee handbook But the employee handbook it's all written down, but that's just one source of information about how you should operate You learn from your fellow employees like which rules are enforced and which aren't enforced Did you know that Passover wasn't celebrated until King Josiah found the book of the law Deuteronomy? You think they knew of an oral Torah that was never quoted in the Tanakh? Good questions So back to this terrific book religion in secular society So think about the conflict between religion and science. So origin of species was published in 1859 and then in 1860 Samuel Wilberforce was the bishop of oxford. He was the third son of William Wilberforce the anti-slavery campaigner He was an ardent critic of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection So he gave this 1860 address to the british association And he asked Thomas Huxley friend and defender of Darwin Whether it was through his grandmother or his grandfather that Huxley considered himself descended from a monkey So religion at first went to war against Darwinism and in some areas of religion It still is that war with Darwinism But overall Darwinism has won that conflict because since about the turn of the century and even back in the 19th century many religious leaders became increasingly Focused on telling people that there's no conflict between religion and science So that's the type of thing you say when the other group is winning All right, if religion was winning it would not need to emphasize that there is no conflict between religion and science This is going to help Luke meet a good fertile woman with whom to breed Or is the question at this point moot? I think this is one of the very best ways that I could, you know, meet a young fertile woman It's talking about religion in secular society So when when art Became liberated from the religious perspective on life The artistic conception of the world Has proven to be perhaps more challenging to the religious orientation than science is because art More immediately and in a more compelling function for many people meets the emotional needs that religion used to meet So art deals as religion deals in emotion In communication in meaning in interpretation in evaluating in evoking responses and inviting a visual participation in a very complex set of Conceptions and feelings now science doesn't do any of these things So when science's factual presentation analysis are done, there's still room for religious interpretation But artistic interpretation is increasingly More compelling to people in the modern world than religious interpretation. So my friend Robert Prosper, for example, he finds far more Spiritual and emotional meaning in reading or watching Lord of the Rings than in going to synagogue So there was a debate between scientists and religionists and scientists overwhelmingly won So religionists, generally speaking, surrendered that fight and said, hey, there's no necessary reason that we need to fight the Puritans You would have thought they would have favored science and opposed art as many Puritan sectarian movements do still So they favor science they are opposed to art Why because art has become the repository of more magical and emotional aspects of religious values Art has acquired increasing prestige And art has fed our impulses for the irrational and the magical more effectively for many people than religion So art has fostered an idolatry That's completely at odds with monotheistic religion So the art world has become autonomous from religion It's no longer used just specifically to evoke religious responses So art has embodied values and has evoked emotional responses Not in the service of religion And so there was an imperceptible gradualism in the way that the arts freed themselves from religious preconceptions So started with literature with moral tales that are often intrinsically shocking such as in Daniel Defoe it had painting with gradual romanticization of the landscape and subtle but increasingly obvious invocations of other gods And then in poetry you got the candid expression of emotions that were removed from a religious context so the arts That remained in service of the church became steadily emaciated. They lost spontaneity They lost their earlier deeper sense of values their their sense of intrinsic association So late 19th century religious art poetry and architecture shows this emaciation So outside of the service of religion arts came to represent competing values and competing interpretations of human predicaments political ideals and just the experience of living so this is uh Brian, Brian Wilson writing that the churches today are so concerned to assert that there is no conflict between science and religion Is perhaps the best indication that the struggle is over And that religion has conceded wide territories to science Now the real conflict remains in the minds of people and they are increasingly Tending to regard science as more reliable or practical more pragmatic and therefore more valuable than religion So our society is increasingly irrational and pragmatic Which is a very different mindset than the religious mindset Now you've you've had these religious movements particularly in america developed that are highly pragmatic the whole new thought movement christian science movement All right Very pragmatic movement It's it offers ways that supposedly help us to live better essentially proposes You know new age thought The secret if you just you know think about something that's how you can achieve it So you've had the growth of these religious movements that are highly highly pragmatic And so religion in america generally speaking is highly pragmatic compared to traditional religion And even in more orthodox denominations there's a growth of healing courts, you know spiritual proofs of the afterlife And emphasis on the value of religion as an agency of mental therapy Colin Liddell says science wins Because it goes to the low-hanging fruit and apple says my screen time was up 10 percent Last week to two hours and 40 minutes a day on my phone Yeah, robert prospin had super orthodox jews in brockland and new jersey don't teach the kids science or even english Robert prospin says that doing yoga poses and hoping a young fertile woman is ensnared by your yoga live stream seems closer to reality for Finding a wife then discussing the Tanakh Maybe yeah, maybe I wasted too much sperm during my youth and now I've got billions of demons against me in the underworld Underworld as per rabbi roovin women are into yoga. Look. That's what you should be doing yoga Luke Ford won't talk about semen retention. Hey, I've got a loyal member of this Channel who promises that he'll continue to regard me highly And retain his his paid membership of my channel as long as I remain No fap. So I've been no fap for over eight years All right, this is the face of a man who's no fap my father But the college teacher he said he could tell just by looking at his students whether they were no fap or not Because the people who are fapping it would give them a sallow complexion I don't know what your what your fap faptar is like Can you tell just by looking at someone whether they are lost to the to the great sin of fapping? Bro, it's easier to be no fap when you're in your fifties. Yes, it is easier But it's still an accomplishment And I started at 47 So I'll take my accomplishments where I can find them. I've been watching these videos on anxiety and one of the tips that that they give to reduce anxiety is to Take notice of your accomplishments like write them down or you know check off a list And if it's not on a list put it on a list things that you've accomplished. So I was no fap for 15 months I think basically 1991 into 1992 so I was About 24 years of age at the time and I went no fap for about 15 months When I was first converting to Judaism So I went no fap and I substituted by hugging trees Colin Liddell says when science tries to explain high hanging fruit ghost prognostication the meaning of life just looks stupid So the real danger of science to religion Lies in the increasing prestige of science and the decline in the intellectual prestige of religion. So science has answers Science has positive tangible fruits. So it's increasingly commanding widespread respect and approval Governments have become less concerned with the promotion of religion And instead they're increasingly disposed to promote and subsidize science. They sponsor science. They give prizes and awards endowments to scientific inquiries and they fund scientific education so Prior to 200 years ago, we would associate the wise men of society as the religious As as clergy But now when you think of the wise men around us today, you don't necessarily think of religious people So prior to about 150 years ago the church dominated intellectual life But intellectual life is now primarily in the hands of people who are secular And our society is increasingly pragmatic and rational increasingly relies on science for economic and technological advancement So 19th century businessmen in the early period of industrialization. They relied on religion as an agency of social control Religion like Methodism helped to instill a sense of discipline and order in the workforce This was the primary factor of production, but as industry became more capitalized machinery increasingly controlled labor And so that control is now more specifically adjusted to a particular task at hand And it doesn't need to control people in their private lives outside of work So the old control used its letters of testimony. It's you know characters as the working class knew them The the old control relied on a workers general dispositions to industriousness punctuality thrift sobriety willingness and reliability The new control demands none of this doesn't care about character because the conveyor belt Will exact all the control that is needed amazon's detailed system Exacts all the control it needs for its workers. It doesn't need external character values, right? internalized character values have been replaced by mechanical manipulation So business has turned from religious socialization regulating the work situation to mechanical control so Industry needed to control workers. It used to rely on religion to do this But now industry increasingly relies on the new sciences the sciences of management industrial relations on machinery on surveillance So in economic terms it's become wasteful to demand that the whole person should be self-discipline When a more specific method of manipulation can be developed So just that part of the person which is needed for the job needs to be disciplined So industry has increasingly rejected the blanket control of religious moral socialization of workers For mechanical instruments of production. So businessman used to give To religious causes today. They increasingly give to science and education really meaning scientific education Bro, you must have lost lost like 50 billion sperm from fapping. It's like way worse than holocaust deaths as per rabbi roo vane Fapping is 50 billion deaths, bro. If Hitler didn't fap that means luke Ford is worse than hitler due to his fapping deaths Do I agree with rabbi roo veins analysis? No, I don't If the Torah is no fap, why isn't it mentioned in the Torah? Well, you have to read between the lines, bro Look, is this youtube gig paying any of your yeshiva tuition bills? I make a couple hundred bucks here and a couple hundred bucks there You've got to have key Japan's tendency to mix science mysticism and the paranormal And japan is an interesting culture So science became a profession its social prestige steadily increased As our society becomes increasingly pragmatic We're increasingly impressed with the results of scientific endeavor So what science is showing us on on a daily basis? For most people is, you know more dramatic than anything that religious clerics are producing So ancient wisdom Does not seem as impressive to people today as Compared to the new learning science is rising in prestige art is rising in prestige Innovation is rising in prestige technology is rising in prestige Religion is falling in prestige and so As these other fields rise in prestige than our best and brightest minds increasingly go to those fields to get their prestige So the minister of religion was a specialist at an earlier stage of social development But as all societies become more advanced, they inevitably become less religious And the most religious societies inevitably the most primitive so the The clergyman's specialist expertise his knowledge of theology and of liturgy And his license to perform sacramental acts That's increasingly less relevant to our increasingly pragmatic society And the prestige of science is increasingly affecting theology. So the cannons of objectivity neutrality empiricism Are strongly present in the movement towards the higher criticism which places religious authority under scrutiny And usually in ways not conducive to the maintenance of actual authority of the clergyman in the pulpit Religion is not falling in prestige in afghanistan Correct, but afghanistan is one of the world's most primitive societies Bye. Bye


Hello everybody, let us start our class again. Last few classes we have been dealing with the vitamins, the fat soluble vitamins and a few of the water soluble vitamins and we have been seeing how they affect the body even with the small quantities which are to be taken into our body. So, let us see some more water soluble vitamins today. The vitamin B12 which is a very important vitamin called as cyanocobalt amine because it contains cobalt in its structure. So, this is synthesized by the body bacteria, fungi and other lower organisms therefore, it can be synthesized in the large intestine of our body and the role of vitamin B12 is it plays an important role in folate metabolism or the folic acid metabolism which we were talking about in the last class and maintenance of myelin sheath. Since folic acid is very important for the formation of myelin sheath indirectly, the B12 also is very important for the formation of myelin sheath. This myelin sheath is present on the nerves and it is also very important for RBC formation because vitamin B12 again is required for maturation of RBCs. So, again deficiency of my vitamin B12 will stop the maturation at the megaloblastase and the cells become larger therefore, the circulating number of cells will decrease it causes anemia which is called as pernicious anemia. Now, deficiency of vitamin B12 see this pernicious anemia it causes nerve degeneration and weakness then because it is involved with the nerves you get a tingling sensation or numbness in the extremities of the body that means, the ends of the hands and the toes you have a tingling sensation and numbness which is called as parastitia. Then it may also cause paralysis and death so, the since it is similar to the folic acid the symptoms also look similar to folate deficiency and you will not know whether to supplement folic acid or B12 therefore, generally both folic acid and B12 are supplemented. Usually 95 percent is due to decreased absorption because the vitamin B12 absorption requires an intrinsic factor if you remember we were talking about it in the digestion absorption and utilization of nutrients. So, this intrinsic factor is produced in the blood and because of the intrinsic factor the vitamin B12 is bound the intrinsic factor itself binds the vitamin D B12 and takes it into the circulation therefore, when intrinsic factor is not produced in the stomach may be due to some surgery of the stomach like gastrectomy or partial gastrectomy intrinsic factor is not produced and therefore, B12 is not absorbed. So, 95 percent of the deficiency is because of the deficiency of the intrinsic factor where absorption does not occur. Then A-chlorhydria A-chlorhydria is when the gastric acid is not produced in the stomach so, it requires a medium of acidity also for absorption. So, when gastric acid is not produced A-chlor that means not even a little amount of gastric acid is produced. So, this also causes B12 deficiency and this is generally seen in elderly people. So, how to get the vitamin B12 into the body? So, the only way is to get injections of B12 intravenously. So, this is the only way to make up the B12 level in the blood. Now, it takes almost 20 years for a deficient diet to see the effect on the nerves. Now, four sources of vitamin B12. So, this vitamin is synthesized by bacteria, fungi and algae and since the absorption is taking place only in the stomach, though it is synthesized in the large intestine, the absorption does not occur. Therefore, there is no use of getting synthesized in the large intestines and the main source of vitamin B12 is only animal products. So, it is not available in the plant products. The animal products are the only source of vitamin B12. Therefore, in non-vegetarians the deficiency is very low whereas, vegetarians can find the deficiency more frequently. Now, the recommended dietary allowance is 1 microgram per day for adults and elderly and 1.2 micrograms per day in pregnant women. So, these are the food sources of vitamin B12. The next vitamin is vitamin C or it is also commonly called as ascorbic acid and this vitamin is synthesized by most of the animals, but in humans it is not synthesized. So, we have to supplement through diet and decreased absorption with high intake. So, taking that vitamin D deficiency can be covered you if you take more the absorption will be decreased and if it is an excess amount since it is a water soluble vitamin again it gets excreted from the body. Functions of ascorbic acid it is very important in the formation of collagen and this collagen is the maximum amount of protein that is present in our body and collagen helps to keep the bones, skin, teeth and blood all blood vessels everything everywhere every tissue in the body requires collagen. So, to keep intact collagen is required therefore, this collagen is based on the ascorbic acid and ascorbic acid is so important and then ascorbic acid acts as an antioxidant other than vitamin A vitamin E ascorbic acid is another important antioxidant. So, it helps to reduce the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and cancer and it keeps the immune system healthy. So, generally what to there is a folklore saying that you eat vitamin C your cold will go, but the cold does not go with vitamin C intake it happens because the resistance power is increased by taking vitamin C that means the immunity is increased therefore, the cold producing bacteria will be inhibited then it is essential for iron absorption when iron is taken alone the absorption is very low. So, iron requires an acid medium for absorption therefore, whenever a food rich in iron is taken if you supply vitamin C along with it the iron has to be converted from ferric to ferrous form in order to cross the boundaries of the walls of the intestines. So, here vitamin C helps it to cross the layers of the intestines. So, that is why vitamin C is very important in absorption of iron. Now, deficiency of vitamin C it causes scurvy and scurvy is very age old or disease when it was recognized when during the second world war when all the people who are fighting have gone into a deficiency of vitamin C then they were just supplied with lime and they have seen that the symptoms have gone. That means they have said that vitamin C is very important for the collagen formation and it starts bleeding if you do not provide sufficient amount of vitamin C. So, deficient diet if it is there for 20 to 40 days then you can see the deficiency symptoms of vitamin C. So, the symptoms are fatigue and pinpoint hemorrhages. Pinpoint hemorrhages is you see all dot like hemorrhages and you find red spots on the skin where there is breakage of the capillaries and the blood is seen under the skin. This is pinpoint hemorrhages then you have bleeding gums and joints and hemorrhages in many parts of the body because the vitamin C is a very important nutrient for the collagen formation in the body and I told you collagen is present in almost every tissue of the body. Then it is this generally this is associated with poverty and rebond scurvy is when there is a sudden halt of vitamin C and you give a high levels of vitamin C supplements there is the scurvy is again a rebond. This is also an important factor that you cannot give high amounts of vitamin C for treating this scurvy. So, scurvy looks like this it again causes beading of the ribs. So, we have seen in the vitamin D deficiency where it looks like a necklace, but here it is the opposite way where the beading is there and this is called as corbutic rosary whereas in vitamin D we call it as rickettsia rosary and you can see the follicular hemorrhages wherever the hair follicles are there you can see all the points of the blood coming out. So, that is follicular hemorrhage caused because of vitamin C deficiency. Now the food sources of vitamin C we do not have to find out very rich sources to have vitamin C our simple goa and amla are very rich in vitamin C. So, you have one goa per day you can meet the vitamin C requirement then you have all the citrus fruits are rich in vitamin C and potato when you eat along with the skin you boil potato along with the skin then you get vitamin C then green pepper, cauliflower, brocoli, strawberry then lettuce and spinach all these are good sources of vitamin C, but vitamin C is lost very easily through cooking. So, it gets oxidized and it is sensitive to heat and sensitive to iron, copper and oxygen whenever you cook in iron vessels or copper vessels and when it is openly cooked all these stages the vitamin C is lost. These are the rich sources of vitamin C. Now recommended dietary allowances for vitamin C they have recommended 40 milligrams of vitamin C per day, but actually the amount that is required is very less it may it is only 10 to 20 milligrams per day, but taking the cooking losses the oxidation and all into considerations they have given as 40 milligrams. So, that at least the 10 to 20 milligrams is absorbed into the body and for a pregnant woman it is 60 milligrams per day and the last p complex vitamin is the colon and this has got lot of importance in the latest days it is a newest essential nutrient they have recognized that it is also one of the essential nutrient all the tissues again contain colon and it is a precursor for acetyl colon acetylcholine is a precursor I mean it is a neurotransmitter which is very important for the contractions and relaxations of the spincters and closure of the spincters therefore it is very important and this is a precursor for phospholipids. Phospholipids again are present in the brain and some role in homocysteine metabolism. Now, the food sources of colon it is widely distributed present in milk, liver, eggs, peanut and lecithin that is added to food and this lecithin is present in egg, egg yellow contains lot of lecithin. So, when you add egg you can get colon. Now, deficiency of colon it can also lead to a fatty liver, deficiency can lead to fatty liver and this fatty liver is called as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease because generally when alcohol is consumed in large quantities people have the tendency to develop fatty liver, but here with colon deficiency you can get non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the most common symptoms of colon deficiency are fatty liver and hemorrhagic kidney necrosis that means the cells of the kidney die and they have hemorrhage. So, this is about the vitamin C and the colon that those two vitamins are very important in the body. Since vitamin C is present in all the tissues as collagen and if this is disrupted then there is hemorrhage and you have seen that colon also causes hemorrhage and fatty liver in the body. So, we have seen all the water soluble vitamins starting from the vitamin B1 to the colon along with the vitamin C and these are essential whatever is the requirement the body takes up and the excess amount is excreted from the body. Generally there is no toxicity, but sometimes some of the B complex vitamins have toxicity, but that is very rare and the occurrence of these B complex vitamins in food is very common and if one has a balanced diet one can get all the B complex vitamin in the diet without any deficiency symptoms. Thank you.


Okay, let's welcome Gregus for talk, talk, and just talk. I've decided to be completely non-digital, so I'll just talk and wave my arms around and I have printed paper, which is a rather new invention. My name is Gregus Peterson, by trade and profession I'm an anthropologist. I've been involved in this environment for a while, I was for a couple of years on the board of the Danish BST user group, but I would not pronounce or say that I'm a technical person, I'm a fumbler. And in this way I'm also, in terms of what I do right now, I'm a fumbler. I'm conducting a research project, which is focusing on the generation and creation and maintenance of property relations in the boundary zone between commercial companies and a specific free software project. So it's about construction of what is property and how is it negotiated in everyday life. So what I'm going to talk about today is sort of some thoughts I've had on this thing on property, ownership, value is an important thing, aspect. And my title is open source, is it something new? This is basically a rhetorical question because it's, from my point of view, it's nothing new. The term open source might be a new term, which has been produced or constructed as a result of certain intentions, relations, history and a lot of individuals' interests and aims and a whole lot of things. I'm not going to go too much into it, but what it is, it's in a sense a representation of a very basic struggle in human culture. And I'm going to try to talk more generally about human culture. And what the struggle is about is, it's a struggle about what is valuable, what is valued in our basic everyday life. What is like the foundation of how we understand the world and how we interact with each other. And this will, of course, be me talking and I'll take whatever I have on the shelves and in books and what I've heard other people say and I'm going to wrap it and beat it and pillage it and twist it and basically do whatever I want to do with it. So don't take anything, what I say, for being reality or real or objective or anything. It's something which is my personal comments to a certain number of things. But it's also a comment which is in a line that there are voices speaking out there that the open source mode of production will be the dominant mode of production in the post-capitalist society. So this whole idea of open sourcing, making things available, circulation is part of a struggle between a present mode of production and present economical model which is dominating our everyday life right now and something which might be tomorrow. So we might be finding ourselves in a position of change, of transformation, which again says it's a significant struggle which goes on here. And some of these, some of the things that I'll keep referring to here are terms like property, the state, mobility, nomadism, that we are mobile, that we move around, but also in the classical nomad sense, sedentary life, that we are not mobile. I'll talk about circulation, I'll talk about knowledge. So I have some terms which will keep on popping up and disappearing again. And what is in this, what I'm going to talk about is tying it together, it's this basic concept of value. And you might ask, what is it? What is value? And in that sense, while I'm doing this, feel free to ask questions, just pop in. I have a question. And I'm asking this question, what is value? Any of you thinking about what value is in your everyday life? A lot of people seem to think about it. You have at least three different notions of what value is. There's a sociological sense that it's, what kind of forms our life, what makes it, what structures it, what indicates for us what is good, what is proper, what is desirable in our everyday life. That's one interpretation of emphasis of what value is. There's also a different one which is economically based, what is valuable in the sense of how much is it desired by somebody else and how much can be value added in monetary terms. But there's also a sense which I think to some extent in this context is quite interesting because it's the value which is placed into valuable relationships, the relationships we have between each other, which are important to maintain. But we cannot value them as being measurable in terms of money, like we have a relationship, we don't but we could have one, in a sense we probably have. I assume we are both BSD system users? No. Okay. Sorry. I was, I made an assumption. But we could have been. Maybe I will be. Yeah. But, so we share something in common and this is important to both of us and to all of us that we share this thing in common and we're not putting it into a spreadsheet and find out, okay, what's my profit on it? And we're not saying that it's like something which in a very specific institutionalized world since guides our life and what we do in our everyday life. So it's something different. And you can say that what is, I think what is here is one major struggle which goes on is to focus on economic value that we are in our everyday life is measuring things in terms of money. And what we do there to make it possible to measure, to value something in terms of money, it's needed to take this product, this object we're talking about and detach it from its producer or prior owner. Has to be alienated. It has to be ripped out of all these valuable relationships which it represents when it's still tied to its producer. It has to be free-floating so that it's possible to measure it in comparison with other objects and not as a product of social relationships. And this is of course the paradigm of this present capitalist model that things have to be made into objects which can be freely and undetached, exchanged in relationships and transactions which are based on money. And this was a little bit of a detour but what it points at is a very important aspect and that is it's also defining a very specific interpretation of what property is. And in this sense property is something which is clearly tied to individuals. Individuals owns something which they control completely. They are in control of what happens with this object that they have bought or acquired or appropriated. And that's the whole basis of the capitalist economy is clearly defined who owns what and who doesn't own what. This is mine, this is yours. I would like what you have and especially if it's cheap and I can make money on it. But this also says, okay, so if this is one specific particular interpretation of what property is and okay, could it be that there are other interpretations, that there are other modes of ownership? And I thought as I wrote in this short brief on what I'm going to talk about in the program what if I take like a little bit of a historic or prehistoric trip? So look at okay, what is, if I use this term property what is, how was it when it all began? And make a small move and a very chaotic property one to the present. We can say okay, what do we know about the property in the prehistory? Probably not much, we don't really know what people thought about. We have all these things that we can dig out, findings and remains and artifacts and some cave paintings and stuff like that. But one specific thing which is quite interesting is that if we look at an archeological material, we'll see that if we take like a time slice, it's quite obvious that you might have a couple of places where they found stuff, certain artifacts, thousands of kilometers apart, but they're actually quite identical. So and there's been this, there's been an old hypothesis that these prehistoric nomadic hunter gatherer societies were quite isolated small groups which had no idea about anything outside of their own little valley, which doesn't seem to be the reality, it actually seems to be that people and things and technology and ideas have been circulating across vast continents. I think the best, some of the best material is from the period around the last Ice Age where you have something which assembled looks circulation networks which spans the whole of the northern hemisphere, because there was lots of ice and less water so you could travel quite extensively. And if you look at present day hunter gatherer people which you see, assume they are primitive and as in that sense, they are representations of what we have been, they're still living in present day time so it's kind of oxymoron, but still you can see amongst some of these fairly socially structured terms, primitive groups, you can see that they have no specific sense of individual property. They have lots of things they use, they have to carry them with them all the time or they have them for a very short time where they fabricate them and then throw them away again. But they have certain things that they keep on with them during their nomadic lifestyle but they're not owned individually. And one of the, there's a quite funny thing amongst a hunter gatherer tribe from Tanzania called the Hatsa, we have a social structure which is based on demand sharing. You have to share, if you have something you have to share. And to make this a nice, it's my interpretation, to make it a more, probably a more positive approach, they are extreme degree gamblers. As soon as they have a minute, which they have quite often, hunter gatherers have lots of spare time, they sit down and they gamble away everything they have. So it keeps circulating within the tribe which I think it's quite fun and at least it's a positive way of gambling because you can ensure that okay I might lose whatever I was carrying around right now but I'll probably win it back tomorrow. But it's not mine anyway so I don't really care. And what is interesting here is that they have this demand sharing system where if you have something you are demanded to share it.  And you cannot say no, it's mine. Which is different from a very basic assumption about what actually keeps human society together. The normal, the more, let's say, dominant assumption is that we are basing our life on exchange, exchange of gifts as the basic foundation of social structures. We have an exchange cycle. It's also called reciprocity that you have an obligation that if you give a gift, you are like you're the receiver of the gift is obliged to take it, accept it. But when you have given something you're also obliged to receive again. So you have continuously exchange cycles where you give things back and forth across time and space. And this goes on forever in principle. And what is important here is the maintaining of a relationship. It's nothing about that I give you a cup which is worth 20 kroner. No, it's more that I give you a cup so you can drink of it and then you can give it back to me again. And then basically I have to give you something again because I got any goals. And that's the assumption that we are tied into these exchange constant and replicating and self-building and self-maintaining and self-reproducing exchange networks which are the foundation of our social lives. But then again, exchange, as soon as we start in this sense to be aware that we are exchanging something and we need to get something back again and the complexities of all this. And then we suddenly have, if we go farther up into history that something interesting happens, then like if we look at the first written records, what are they about? I was thought, it's actually quite fun. They're about how much grain is in this storage? Who owns what? Who's next in line? All these ancient clay tablets from Soumya, they're all about something which is in the storage. They're all about things and who owns what and who is going to own what. So it's already at that point when you have like an emerging straight structure, it becomes extremely important to specify what is owned by whom? Where are the boundaries of what is mine and what is yours? Where is the boundary of our land and your land? And we want your land because it's next to ours and it should be ours because long discussions and wars. But it also indicates something that suddenly becomes an issue to control how things are circulating and keep things only accessible to certain people and not to everyone. And again, this concept of circulation and non-circulation starts emerging. I think that's where I'm thinking about this, that open source is nothing new is that it's open source is about the circulation of things and knowledge and ideas and artifacts and that people have access to without anybody dictating that you're not old enough, you're too old, you're a man, you're a woman, certain basic things. But that these things are, that information is circulating or it's not circulating. And in that sense, there's an emergence here of something which is probably maybe it's a very important aspect in our basic culture is that there's a distinction in how knowledge is managed. Let's say you have these early and state structures which suddenly realize or it becomes evident that they are starting managing knowledge in a different way. It's not free for everybody to have access. And you can say it's not as it's quite often is talked about in Unix's context that there is this guru over here who he's going to help you because he's offering his knowledge away. You also have the Asian guru whose position and his amount of respect which is around him and his aim in life is to share as much as he can. And in that, in what is said, in contrast to this, you'll have a knowledge management model which is built on a magical conjurer, someone who keeps things secret. He hoards knowledge and he or she doesn't give it away and they make their claim to fame by keeping things. So you have like several elements which kind of keeps on pointing towards this clash between circulation and non-circulation between open and closed. And I think this is also tied into something around the creation of this state as structure which if you go back to one of the first philosophers who thought about or made assumptions about the state was Plato and he had this notion of the democratic state and what it should contain and you had these philosopher kings which should be like kind of guiding it. But the funny thing was that he actually also had a notion of the ideal state which funny enough didn't have warriors, didn't have philosopher kings, didn't have all these people who actually kind of took the power and controlled the flow information. But it still didn't hinder the development of these like first huge city-states and the whole first very large empires which culminated with the Romans. And what is significant about the Romans is that they made this decision. The whole world as we know it is ours. Very clean and cut. Luckily they only knew larger parts of Western Europe and a part of Africa and so. But they declared it's ours and everybody else doesn't own anything. It's Roman property and they liked to build big cities. They were quite sedentary and they went really into mobility in that sense. The funny part is that they got conquered and overthrown by hordes of mobile Huns and Visigoths and everybody started throwing themselves at the Roman Empire and kind of tore it apart and created what is probably mostly well known as the dark ages. Like the early middle ages, years before the early middle ages which are filled with all these groups of people who are roaming around and pillaging and stealing and raping and whatever they were doing. But the thing was that they were quite mobile and they were again you had like a lot of flux of knowledge and new technology which were being developed and a lot of new things happened. And in that way you can look at these mobile groups which are kind of exploring new possibilities and finding new land and so as kind of a cultural hackers. It's a misuse of the term hackers but then again you have these years, several almost thousand years where not much really went on in terms of history writing. But then again as Umberto Eco writes in the name of the rose the Holy Roman Church came about and they definitely know how to be in charge of knowledge. And I think it's very fun that Umberto Eco is using this model that they know how to distribute knowledge, they put it into a secure library, they don't make copies and they secure or ensure that the local data operators are blind. I think that's quite a fascinating way of ensuring that knowledge is not spread. But this didn't really work, this non-circulation of knowledge or circulation of knowledge amongst a very, very, very tiny group of individuals which definitely all were a member of the Roman Catholic Church and they were all probably monks. And because suddenly somebody found out we can make a printing press, start printing. We can start circulating text and break this monopoly of the Catholic Church and a very elite group with the introduction of the printing press. And at first it's probably about printing a Bible, the text of God. But it also quickly ended up with a lot of people starting printing books and texts where they asked themselves really silly questions like is if the earth is not flat what is it then? And started exchanging these ideas and somehow this whole renaissance wave came along with a lot of people exchanging new ideas and printing books and pamphlets and writing letters and you had like the emergence of quite efficient postal services and they all had these things that they exchanged and talked and discussed. It might have taken five or six or ten years to have a letter, like written letter discussion going on but it still happened and I have to admit I'm a big fan of Neil Stevenson. So and lots of strange things went on those days and I thought I wanted to just read just a little snippet and I'm probably having some problems with copyright because I haven't asked to read a lot. So let's not talk about that but this is just a short part about one of these, let's say, scientific settings in those days where one of the heroes of Quicksilver, Daniel, comes to visit some of his friends, were at Comstock's castle and all of this was obvious enough for Daniel as one of Comstock's servants met him at the gate and steered him well clear of the manor house and across a sort of defensive buffer zone of gardens and pastures to remote cottage with an oddly dingy and crowded look to it. To one side lay a spacious boneyard chucky with skulls, skulls of dogs, cats, rats, pigs and horses. To the other a pond clutter with wrecks of model ships curiously rigged about the well some sort of pulley arrangement and a rope extending from the pulley across a pasture to a half assembled chariot on the roof of the cottage. There were small windmills of outlandish design, one of them mounted over the mouth of the cottage's chimney and turned by the rising of its smoke. Every high three-limb in the vicinity had been exploited as a support for pendulums and the pendulum strings had all gotten twisted around each other by winds and merged into a tattered philosophical cobweb. The green space in front was a mechanical fantasy of wheels and gears and broken or never finished there was a giant wheel apparently built so that a man could roll across the countryside by climbing inside it and driving it forward with his feet. So you had a period there suddenly when people went or some individuals, scientists, philosophers went crazy about stuff. They explored all kinds of ideas and they shared it. Very important that they shared and again shared their knowledge across vast distances. And these years were also a period where it became even more important to find out what is mine and what is yours, again to identify property. And this was also a result of these emerging colonial empires, Western European empires in North and South America, Asia, Africa, the slave trade. And it made someone like Adam Smith ask themselves, okay, we have these new nations. How do we ensure their wealth that they prosper? And his answer was of course the free market guided by this invincible hand, free invincible hand, which guides it. Again, there's something there. It's not just, we can't allow that it circulates completely free. We need something to guide it. To be sure that there's something which dedicates, dedicates controls. What is actually the value here? What is this about? We don't, we can't have it like everybody just agreeing or making their own points. We have to have somebody who's in charge somehow. And a part of this, what also was also something which went on in these years, started out, was an enclosure movement. You had all until the beginning of the 18th century, you had vast tracts of land and resources which weren't really owned by anybody. They were like common.  But then it started this enclosure moment where what became important to put up fences and clearly identifying who owns this field. You see the North America, they suddenly started putting fences up across the prairie and quite odd, but significantly important because it again identified what is my property? Who, who's this belonging to? Because if you have a free market, it only works if you know who owns what, so who can sell what and who can buy what. I think that's kind of needed. You cannot have a free market if you don't know, if nobody owns anything, then there isn't a market. So the market is dependent on clear definitions of who owns what. And this of course in this historical movement, it's difficult not to talk about Marx. He had his basic distinction between means and forces of production and relations of productions. So he says, okay, we have means and forces. We have what we're doing it with, land, natural resources, technology, which are necessary for the production. And then we have these relationships of production, which are social and technical relations between people. And again, property is still extremely important in this context, even for Marx. He's really lying that it's possible to identify individual property. And there was one voice who raised and asked a very, very, or stated a very, very basic comment. Puton said in about the same time as Marx, property is theft. Individual property is theft. We have to recognize that what we're doing is a product of ourselves standing on top of quite a number of giants, but also millions of dwarfs. He didn't use those words, but I think that's the sense of it, that he's saying our ownership of things, what is there is product of a generalized human production. So we cannot claim it for ourselves and as individuals. We can say it belongs to us. It belongs to humanity as such. And we can only reproduce it in terms of a mutual or collaborative ownership. And I think that in some ways this brings up to the title, this open source, this is something new. No, for me it's not if I look at this perspective, which has probably been slightly chaotic, but it's nothing new. It's a reflection of a struggle between individualized, highly controlled model of ownership and like a multiple or collaborative or a common model of ownership and recognizing it. And this again points to what is actually valuable, what is the basic value in our everyday life. Is it something which can be measured in terms of money or is it something which we value in terms of the relationships we have to others and respect, so these relationships and respect the work which has gone ahead of what we are doing. Again, respecting that we are standing on the shoulders of a lot of other individuals. And so I think this again ties together when we talk about value and property. I think we have to talk about something which is clearly tied into this whole construct of the state which we live in. This very specific state where we have a very few individuals who are in control of what is right and wrong and who owns what. And this might also be tied into a question about is it something which is closely related to a sedentary lifestyle like which came out of the invention of farming and the building of cities. Again, we're maybe living for some in a life situation right now where a lot of people are becoming much more mobile than they were just a few years ago. There's this sense of mobility. It might not be moving around that much but we are mobile in a different way. And definitely we are living in a world where there's an immense explosion in the circulation of information and ideas and technology. And it's also a reality that it's driven by some new defined licensing schemes whether VSD, GPL or CC or whatever. But that you have this reformulation of this idea that things is owned in objects. Ideas are owned in a collaborative way or a common way in comparison to individual ownership which still seems to be in the economical terms the dominant model. And I think the basic struggle here is a cultural struggle on is there what is the basic value is that non-circulation is that keeping things like they are or is it circulation where knowledge is circulated and things keep changing all the time. And I think that's one of the way you can say that open sources is in terms something new but it's also not. And it also points to one very specific thing we should remind ourselves is that we have to recognize that we are standing on the shoulders of people and we owe them for what they did for us. So do we feel in ethical terms okay with taking what is actually their work and just appropriating and say it's mine and I don't care about I'll just do whatever I want. Can we do that? I think that's a significant question which is asked in terms of open source as concept. And I think that was pretty much what I had to say. So feel free to ask questions. And I think especially these questions what did you actually say? Because I can confuse myself on that. How the BSD license fit in my picture? I think originally I suggested that I wanted to talk about the BSD license but it I ended up talking about this instead of. I think the BSD license is in this sense extremely interesting because it's if you look at it in comparison to other licenses extremely free. It doesn't in reality doesn't really dictate anything else than don't claim that you made it. As long as you keep crediting whoever made it you can do whatever. So in that sense you would expect that this if you look at it as a social model wouldn't be reproduced. It's like there's no like no nobody's gonna come and beat you up if you just make it into a closed product because as long as you kept saying okay I didn't make the original but I'm not gonna tell you what I did since the guy you can understand me. So there's no like in some sense it there isn't like anything which is controlling what you can do and what you can't do. So what is actually how is the social system the social society the social institution which is relied on how is this being reproduced. And I have to admit that I'm somewhat of a question mark in that sense because it seems to work. People are giving you know they're offering what they do for free so it might be that they very clearly recognize that they're dependent on who came before them and who was who coming after but at the same time it's it's it's also very difficult to to explain well how it actually works. Yeah.  Yeah I'm contributing things like source code to the project. You've really gone through that process. Not really I've contributed the documentation. I would argue and I think that this is sometimes very personal for a lot of different people. There's a certain kind of love and passion for the work. There's a kind of a love for the technology, good stuff, making stuff, a kind of a passion for what you're doing. It's more important than sometimes the work recognizing how many people have come before and the shoulders of all the giants are standing on. And what that's how wonderful experiencing all of that is and the creative lives working with politics. That it's to me and to a lot of people I know very simple to explain because it's a guarantee of the continuation of the work. The individual in the self is far less important than like hacking more if that makes sense. So the value ends up being lived. So if that means that it goes and lives in commercial products there's a sense of knowing enough history of where things come from to know that it's going to come out the other side somewhere and benefit someone else. And if it doesn't it doesn't matter because it will keep going somewhere. So in some sense you're saying that there are different interpretations of what work is. Yeah. Yeah. Which is clear. Yeah. I completely agree. There are numerous distinctions in terms of what work is. And you know there is a continuous discussion with an anthropology what is work. One example is that okay work is something where you you make money on it but it cannot likely as well be something which is all about reproducing the well-being of your family. But the well-being of your family as being the this extended kin system which expands 27 islands and contains 20,000 people of whom you've only met 27. So that's a different complete different notion of work which is far more close to what you're saying. Sure. Yeah. I think maybe even in his talk earlier how why they released some of their work also has a point that simply it's easier if you also have other people to help maintain your work by releasing it as part of the common. Yeah. The very first reason why you should just to avoid all of the people working against us. Even if they don't know that's they're doing. I don't know they're working against us but that's what they're doing. They are working against us which we are working against as a difficulty. point of view. But yes, I think that you wanted the veteran to make things easier to travel in wasting time. Yeah, this question about avoid wasting time, but it might also be that you just avoid that other people are wasting their time with doing something which you already did. So that you're actually deciding, okay, I might as well help whoever. I don't know them. I have no idea if they're out there. But if I release my idea and my code, then it might actually help somebody else with doing what they're doing without me having to have a relationship with them at all. Yeah? Yeah. Because you can say that with this releasing or not yet you can say okay, you will never lose the credits. You're always going to be the one or one of the ones who coded the thing when you talk about source code. And you can keep it and you can hold it and you can have it on your hard disks, hard drives at home, and no, I just did the best thing in the world. But if you just keep it there, it doesn't really make much sense. It makes sense to you, but it doesn't really make sense in social terms. So if you want to go into a process of making sense of your own work, then you kind of have to release it. You have to make it public. You have to have friends and peers and enemies look at what you're doing and maybe say okay, it's actually, I don't like it, but it works. So I'll use it anyway. Yeah? We've talked about ownership. It can be ownership in the sense that one person owns something like the money in the pocket and no ownership like nobody owns the universe. But it didn't continue. I own something, my family owns something, my city, the country, the community members. I think your question about how ownership is understood is a question of do you incorporate obligations in relationship to ownership? Like I can say one example, I've written these documentation, pages of documentation for a project. And I have, they are on my copyright. And by saying that okay, you can spread them as you want to, but you have to remember to give me, to mention that I was the original author of them. But one of the obligations which is there is that okay, if you want to make major changes, it would be quite normal to maybe send me an e-mail and say hey, I'm planning to wipe all what you did and replace it with something new. How do you think about that? Will you put some comments into that? So that you kind of have this obligation that you ask someone if you are going to make a major rewrite if that other person is still active. Okay, should we work on this together? What can I do and what can't I do if I want to keep this line moving? So in that sense you have a lot of different ways of understanding ownership. But what is interesting right now is that in this present day and time is that you have a very, very narrow dominant model of ownership which is focused on this individual ownership to very, very specific things which are completely controlled. You don't have any obligations. Like if you buy a chair, you don't ask the manufacturer if you can repaint the chair when you get it home. But if you had a different notion of ownership, you would maybe have to or you'll be obliged to ask the producer of that chair if it's okay to paint it red. If you take a step into say art, I mean it would be kind of not very popular to change a van Gogh even though you own it.  But that again, art is actually very, very complex because on one hand you own it but it's also something which is an investment object. You know, you expect when you buy it you'll expect that you sell it for more when at least if you don't something went wrong with your investment.  Which is when you hear it completely unacceptable for a lot of people but I think that's actually if you look at the logic of our society, why is that unacceptable? And which again is this you have like some common history or biography which belongs to humankind which is supposed to be commonly owned or commonly accessible but it breaks with a lot of other logics which are pushed. So you have these like zones where different logics are operating and somehow they some of them get maintained and some of them break down. Also one of the thoughts you know around the open source and other movements kind of assume that everyone acts in a philanthropic way to the best influence on the columns and what happens then. You know if you take the extreme the anarchists they say you need no government everyone does it as well.  So if you get my point then there is definitely a problem here because you cannot necessarily assume that everyone is acting in a philanthropic and decent way. In fact history has gone over and over again to prove that most many people are not. These are very decent. There are lots of clashes and you know it's not I'm not saying that I have a solution for anything. I'm just pointing. Talking about buying things on the gas we could sell them at a higher price after until I think contributing to open source program is something near like that because I consider I bought some ownership for some projects not by paying them but by spending time on them. I'm quite sure my motivation is just having them getting a higher value in the future not to sell them of course but myself my company is another problem but to have them more interesting more efficient more life of more everything so it's not the same because we don't want to sell them but there is the same idea because we want them to get a higher value but it's not the same version. I think again what you're talking about is this buying and selling metaphor is again something where you have to recognize as being something different you're not talking about capital but you're talking about social capital. Social capital is not really something which you can value in terms of money but you can still make things happen with it and you can concentrate it and you can put it into something like your project which is a representation of social capital. If you're doing good work and you've been doing it for a long time and invested a lot of hours you'll be able to ask others to help you in certain situations like because you have your representation of social capital. If that was a comment to your question. I think we are about there.


guys ethereum does not stop new all-time highs again today as we have reached almost my new breakout target of nineteen hundred and twenty dollars or aka 2k in bitcoin we are watching and patiently waiting as we anticipate the new breakout if we can just just get right through this little resistance right here then we'll take off to fifty today we're covering all of this plus of course some trade setups for this weekend so hang on to your hat folks because it's about to go down hey what's up jay here and welcome to bitcoin daily bringing you guys the best tips tutorials and ideas to help you guys become profitable and successful traders if you guys are new here the goal of this channel is to empower you guys with the resources and knowledge to take you guys to that next level so make sure to subscribe like and turn on that bell notification so you're notified as soon as we put up these new videos so today we're gonna start off with the trade recap from the trades we gave you guys on monday's video then we're gonna go over a bitcoin analysis then we're gonna do ethereum analysis as it's tearing up the markets to new all-time highs and then of course we're gonna end it with some trade setups for the weekend so make sure guys to stay to the end so you can make some profits this weekend so the first trade that we gave you guys on monday was bitcoin entry at 35k right so we gave you guys the 35000 breakout look at the beautiful breakout right here guys boom if you guys would have took this entry look at just look at this beauty guys look at this run up so there was a lot of consolidation as expected if you guys were able to remain in the position or continue to buy the breakout after a stopout then you would have made how much how much 86 profits on this move if you sold that 38 000 and it ran up beyond 38 000 it almost ran up to 39 so i'm only counting to 38 because that's currently just about where we're at right now in ethereum guys what a run this week i know a lot of you guys were getting impatient with ethereum but i told you guys last week on monday i pointed all these support bounces here out i pointed all these retest up here and i said it was only a matter of time guys it finally happened look at that breakout beautiful beautiful breakout guys i told you guys that the entries for ethereum were right here guys 1350 go back and watch monday's video i told you guys 1350 was the breakout here for ethereum if you would have sold that 1750 guys that was 148 profits if you use 5x leverage like we did if for some reason you missed that 1350 entry it's okay because we gave you guys a second breakout entry for ethereum the breakout entry was right above this previous high here which was 1477 so if you would have entered at 1480 guys and wrote it up to 1750 you would have still done about 91 profit if you use 5x leverage like we did but no worries guys because today we have another video and we're gonna give you guys new trade setups for this weekend so let's rock and roll all righty guys so the first thing that we're looking at of course is bitcoin so let's go ahead and take a look at exactly what's going on here and what we can possibly expect if we get a move to the upside so right now we're watching and we're right on this Fibonacci level that we've spoken about a million times probably by now right at 23.6 percent Fibonacci zone as you guys can see here we've tested this many many times right so we have three tests there that one is could be a fourth if you want to count it but let's just put that one all together so that's four different times that we've approached this zone and have been you know rejected so will we get you rejected again this time or is it finally time for a different outcome so as you guys can see here the other times that we've been rejected you know we just kind of got pushed right down right so if you guys see on this one as soon as we got rejected boom we got pushed down this one we got rejected boom push down this one rejected instantly pushed down but this time this time is different we've been rejected but have we been rejected not really we're just consolidating there so we're consolidating on all the cell orders that are there so we're just kind of taking them up taking them up taking them up once they're all out the way we're ready to go so and if you look at the pattern here the pattern is your basic bull flag pattern right so this is a textbook bull flag pattern here guys I'm expecting you know consolidation here until we take up all the we clear out all the cell orders and we retest this $40,000 mark now the $40,000 mark is going to be a big whole number so of course again remember market psychology human psychology people love whole numbers right there's a lot of zeros in this number so people will love this number so just like 38k where we have a lot of sellers currently because of all these previous rejections right we will have sellers here at 40k because it's such a high number and also we've been rejected there before right so this is kind of what I'm expecting a possible you know we have the bull flag then a possible break out of the bull flag to 40k and then kind of consolidation here and then continuation up to test the previous all-time high so that's kind of the pattern I'm looking for so it would be literally another bull flag up to 40k consolidation and then another impulse move up consolidation possibly at 42 before taking off right and trying to test that those new those new numbers up there so obviously the goal here is to hit 50k I definitely could see bitcoin hitting 50k sometimes soon you know right now it's looking great I was a little bit worried at the beginning of month due to the way that last month closed but so far February is looking amazing the price action is great everything looks good so if we do for some reason get rejected here then you guys already know the Fibonacci levels right here 38 which is around that 35,000 range so that 35,000 range which played as you guys can see here a big as a big support that's going to be the level that we're looking at for a bounce so that's that's basically the two levels I'm looking at if for some reason because I don't think it would go beyond 35 but you know how Bitcoin is guys if for any reason we go beyond that then we already know we have this Fibonacci level which is that 33 mark and then we have the golden ratio which is right at that 30,000 mark which has held us up like a hero that 30k mark has held us up like Sparta right Spartans 300 let's go this is Sparta let's get back to this so yeah so that's pretty much what I'm looking at this weekend in Ethereum if we take a look at this beautiful magnificent creature here in Ethereum as you guys can see we finally broke out of here we spoke about the breakout on Wednesday and we basically we gave you guys a new target that we were looking for so that target is right around that 1920 zone right and the reason why we the way that we got to this number was because we took basically the top of this range and the bottom of this range right we measured that and that gave us this right here right so so according to the theory of technical analysis and and you know when put together with this pattern that's kind of the breakout move that's expected once you have a breakout through here right so you put you put you line it up exactly where the breakout happened and the top of it could be it's basically your target for that breakout so that's how we got to that number 1920 now I say if we get to 1920 that's close enough to 2000 so if we're ever gonna hit 1920 we might as well test 2000 already right we're ready we're so close why wouldn't we just go and test it so that's kind of that's what I'm looking for 1920 to 2000 in February is what I'm looking for for Ethereum doesn't it feel like ages ago already since we were at 1300 and that was just on Monday it's crazy I love cryptocurrency so guys um as you guys can see here after the breakout we had a bull flag which I posted in my stories yesterday on Instagram so hopefully you guys caught that and then you can see boom look at this beautiful breakout guys so we had the breakout to the upside and we went ahead and tested that 1750 area and set a new all time high at 1763 so very excited about that guys basically we're looking for some more consolidation here probably between this this new high and 1700 before possibly continuing up to 1800 then you know some possible consolidation then continuation up some consolidation and then hitting our target if only that easy right all right so we scoot up our Fibonacci retracement tool that we hold so dear and love so much right about to that all time high you'll see that that new area of um that the next level if we were to drop down is going to be at that 23.6 for Manachi zone which is basically around that 1500 area so that's kind of the supports that we're looking at but remember every whole number it will also play a role of support but if for some reason we have any type of pullback action during this weekend the expected level to pull back to would be this 23.6 level which is also 1500 dollars all right guys coming up next we're about to talk about the trade setups that we're watching this weekend to make you guys some profits so stay tuned guys we're almost there if you found value in this content in today's video then go ahead and make sure that you guys are subscribed to the channel make sure to hit that like button and make sure to drop a comment with any questions that you guys might have and we'll be more than happy to answer you guys all right guys no more talking no more wasting time it's time to get into some trade setups for legendary trades let's go all righty guys so the first trade here on bitcoin it's pretty simple we want to enter on this breakout because we want to be able to ride this up to 40k and we want to ride it to test the new the previous all-time highs right so in order to get there we need to break out of here so we're looking for this bull flag pattern for a break there right so that's basically what we're looking at all right so where would we be looking to enter so 38k is my level for entry but there's a lot of consolidation in that area so you have to be careful with it you're either going to need a wide stop or if you want to try to play a little bit safer then you can enter a little bit higher right so if you guys don't want to use a 38k entry then you can use 38.5k so 38.5k it'll be right above this daily high here and it'll be just under this previous high that we had there right so the safest entry for you guys if you want to stay away from from this mess would probably be above 39k because if if we break above this high here and above 39k then we're most probably going to test that 40 000 right so i'm doing 38k you guys could do whichever one you want whatever you however you feel safer if for any reason we have a pull back down then you guys already know where i'm entering guys 35k which is this Fibonacci level that's where i would be looking for an entry and yeah that's basically the two entries that i'm looking at in bitcoin over the weekend and of course the other the other breakout entry would be above 40 000 in ethereum we're we're looking for a new breakout above the previous highs right so the entries i'm looking at here is going to be above 1750 which is basically right around where that previous high is other than that if we get a pullback i'm looking for entries at 1700 if we pull back further then i'll be looking for entries down here at that 1600 level and if we were to pull back to this Fibonacci level which is around 1500 that's where i'd be looking for another entry and you guys already know my targets here 1920 guys but don't just hold your entire position to try to get to 1920 make sure it's always taking profits along the way and trailing with your stop loss that's it guys i'm done i've given you everything i got for this weekend i hope you enjoyed this video guys if you did make sure to hit that subscribe button make sure you've already liked this video and if you have any questions about any anything that we just covered today drop it in the comments i'm always happy to help you guys i hope you guys have the most amazing weekend ever guys make massive amounts of profits and i will see you guys on monday as always peace and love happy friday guys