the global effects of Mr. Putin's war on Ukraine through global connections with Carl Baker, senior advisor to Pacific Forum. Thank you for joining us today, Carl. Yeah, thanks for having me. So it's interesting that when you just talk to somebody in some other part of Europe, it's like they're a million miles away.  And yet there is hot breath of Putin's war. He is undermining stability in some countries. He is having an effect not only on Europe but everywhere. And it just shows you what kind of a mess an autocrat can make without hardly trying. So can we explore with you today, Carl? What effect is Putin's persistent and war crimes war having on everything? Well, it is having an effect on everything. And where do you start with the impacts? I mean, first, I think maybe you start with the violation of the sovereignty principle. Because I think that's a significant one. And I think that's where we expected other countries to recognize the risk involved. Because ultimately, by invading Ukraine, he has sort of violated that principle saying we can make up our own versions of sovereignty. And that raises issues for Europe, because suddenly we're not so sure about our borders anymore. Now we're seeing now with Turkey trying to claim territorial sovereignty over areas that are occupied by the Kurds in Northern Syria. Of course, in Asia, the big question is, is this the same sort of rationale that China is going to use military force against Taiwan? Because there, of course, the territorial issue is slightly different. But it is still the whole idea of Chinese sovereignty demands that they maintain unity of the Chinese nation. So I think sovereignty is one of the big issues that's involved here. And it's really sort of challenged the whole notion that sovereignty is something that everybody can agree on. Suddenly, China, who has long claimed that sort of recognition of that principle, aren't so convinced of it anymore. And I think that that's an important shift that's driving the dynamics, as you say, amongst other countries as well. What about the liberal world order? The one emerged out of the Marshall plan after World War II, the liberal world order, which was an expression of tolerance, if you will, kindness, inclusivity, internationalism. Well, I think there's a lot of things that are influencing that liberal international order. But certainly what the war in Ukraine is doing specifically to that liberal order is it's challenging, I think, the Western supremacy in that order. Because I see what's happening with the war is that while the United States and Europe initially were very confident that they had convinced the rest of the world to condemn Russia, 140 countries, 141 countries, you know, can agree to the condemnation in the UN resolution. But the fact is, is that it hasn't been universal. And countries like China, India, have sort of skirted around that whole Western dominance and said, well, this may be an opportunity for us to take advantage of Russia's position of being denied access to the Western markets. And we can get cheap gas and oil. So you've seen dramatic increases in the amount of gas and oil that India has imported, even more so than in China. And of course, in the rest of the world, you know, we've seen the same thing, the Middle East, Africa, South America, have seen this as somewhat of an opportunity to shift away from Western influence and take an advantage of the weakness that is created by Europe facing, putting all its emphasis on Ukraine. And global trade and the global economy, you know, we've been thinking the world is flat for a long time and international trade, you know, has benefits to all the participants. But this war is having an effect on food and the supply line. It's having an effect on the availability of oil and gas. What about that? What about the world economy? And I know we're not doing so well for a bunch of reasons, but as we continue this war, as he continues this war, what's likely to happen to the global economy? Well, that's I think an important issue because, you know, when this whole thing started, we said one of the things that's going to be the challenge for the West is going to be inflation. And we certainly do see inflation now. You know, in the U.S., you know, we're complaining about the last CPI that came in over nine, you know, but the fact is that Europe is even worse. Europe is suffering even more because of the high price of gas and trying to find alternative sources for that gas and oil is turning out to be much more difficult than they thought. So, yeah, I mean, I think that the world economy and specifically the Western economies are suffering from inflation. And that's part of Putin's game plan is that he thinks that he can outlast the West because the West is going to retire to inflation. And I mean, I think, you know, if you look at what's happening in the United States, you can see that the Biden administration has shifted its focus entirely almost to taming inflation. The Republicans have picked it up as a political cause to defeat the Democrats in 22 and Biden in 24 as an issue that's near and dear to the American's heart because inflation is running rampant and it's running rampant in places in the United States that are very interested in hearing that sort of rhetoric. You know, it's sad to say that it's a competition between self-interest and the global world order, the effort to stop autocracy or at least control, contain autocracy and then you throw in fatigue. And I think Putin understands all of those things and the question I put to you, Carl, as you mentioned, you know, fatigue, we get tired. The news cycle moves on. Something else has to fill the headline space in the newspaper. The media needs to have some fresh news every day or two. You can only spend so much time on students in school and, you know, the various machinations of the Supreme Court and so forth. And people want a change of subject. So they're tired of hearing about Ukraine and they're tired of dealing with it. And that has an effect. And I think, don't you agree that Putin understands this? He's a smart man, at least in some ways. And he's trying to time us out. He's trying to, you know, wait until we lose interest and we are. Exactly. I mean, that has been, I think, his strategy from the beginning, is that he feels that he can outweigh the United States and Europe, and especially Europe, because Europe is the one that's suffering most. You know, and so now with the war sort of solidifying and it looks like there's really no end in sight.  Russia has pretty much consolidated its position in the east. It has taken Mohans. It's on the way to taking Donetsk. You know, and so that was, you know, that is certainly a turning point because now what happens if the West is going to continue supporting Ukraine to retake those territories, we're in for a long slot.  There was a lot of rhetoric about, you know, involving Lithuania in some sort of punitive action from Russia for blocking access between Russia and Kaliningrad. Well, that's been solved, but it hasn't been solved forever. You know, it's still an issue out there and expansion of the war is still an issue. You know, is how long is NATO going to be able to maintain this position of supporting Ukraine without, you know, without engaging Russian forces and how long is Russia going to be willing to stick to the script in just Ukraine and not be tempted to move into other areas, certainly, you know, in terms of information warfare and trying to destabilize some of the other countries in the Balkans and the Baltics. He's already done that. You know, clearly, the whole thing with Lithuania was driven towards that, you know, and he's also trying to foment conflict between the Bosnians and the Serbs. So, you know, so clearly, you know, he sees the horizon as very long in trying to resolve this thing because he I think believes that the Russians can withstand any pressure from Europe because Europe is going to bend first because they're democracies, they have more individual voices that are going to be raised to resist this where he's pretty much in control of all information in Russia. So, you know, if you're in Moscow and St. Petersburg, yeah, there's a war, but it's a special it's a special operation. It's not really a war and Ukraine does really belong to Russia. So, you know, everything is fine. And, you know, that's just the fact of a democracy versus an autocracy. And then the cold weather is coming. And the blackmail that he wants to use on those countries where it gets cold like Germany will be more effective as the temperature drops. Yeah, well, you know, that was that's Tom Friedman's argument in a piece of New York Times. If you if you saw it, you know, he's saying that it's Putin's winter strategy versus NATO summer strategy, you know, and we're right now we're sort of at the nexus of that of that of those strategy, you know, and how does that how does that play out? And it's I don't know how it plays out, but it's not going to play out in weeks. It's going to play out in months. And that means that we're going to get into the winter and Germany and Italy and France and the rest of Europe are going to have to figure out where they're going to get the gas from. Because because right now, if you're going to if you're honestly going to move away from Russian gas, you're going to have to find a big source somewhere. And that isn't in Bahrain or Gutter or small natural gas producers like that. If the US help, there was discussion early on early on in the war that the US would deliver a natural gas to stay Germany. Yeah, but but it's an infrastructure problem.  And then you've got to have a port that you can actually put that ship into and and offload it. That's not, you know, that's not a pipeline. And you know, with the pipelines there, you know, everything is geared toward a Euro Asian flow of natural resources there. So yeah, it's going to be very difficult.  We had a show yesterday with somebody in Kampala. And what a very interesting remark was that not only do people die because they're hungry, but because the lack of food destabilizes government, destabilizes a given country of sovereignty. So you know, you get a greater likelihood of violence in a country that's hungry. And this is going to be happening more now. Yeah. Yeah, well, and that that destabilization doesn't doesn't bode well for Western influence again, because you've got you've got China, you've got Russia, who are and India for that matter, and to some extent, the Middle Eastern countries are taking advantage of this of this blockade, you know, they're they're taking the cheap resources and their and their influence in these other places in the world. So, you know, so then it comes to, you know, another issue that comes out of this is the effectiveness of sanctions. You know, the United States and Europe's almost entire strategy is a sanctions based strategy. And clearly, the rest of the world didn't get the memo that everybody has to implement sanctions, because sanctions are complicated. You know, it takes it takes a lot of a lot of effort to implement sanctions effectively. And what interest do I have, if I'm in, let's say, Indonesia to implement sanctions on behalf of Europe and the United States? I've got to put manpower against this. And what do I get out of it? Not a lot. You know, so so I'm going to look at it and say, yeah, we agree, we support we support your your condemnation, but we'll we'll get around to those sanctions after we improve our trade relations a little bit with other countries.  And I think that that's sort of the mindset that's setting in. And then it goes back to that whole, you know, US versus China narrative of what is your what is your long term prospect? What are your what are your what is your promise? You know, the Chinese promise, of course, is this is this wonderful world of of mutual respect and mutual benefit from from, you know, infrastructure development and goodwill, you know, and the United States is long term prospect is what we're going to have a war here, and then we're going to have another one, you know, over over Taiwan. And, you know, and it and to the rest of the world, it looks like, hmm, maybe maybe China is onto something here, maybe we should be a little more neutral about this because it seems that they're benefiting from it. You know, and so I think I think ultimately, you know, that's that's sort of, again, it comes to the erosion of liberal international order and Western influence in making rules and developing standards for that order. Yeah. Can we talk for a minute about, you know, this is hmm, this is a hybrid war. It was clear only in a few days after Putin started this war, that it was a war, you know, to to rain terror down on people, to kill civilians, even more quickly than military, to destroy residential areas and all infrastructure. And, and then at the same time, to use his tools, internet tools to hack into the internet of Ukraine and other countries around, as he has done before with, you know, other initiatives and other parts of Europe, and also, you know, espionage and, and trying to corrupt and convert people such as what he did with Zelensky's Zelensky staff, where Zelensky found only a couple of days ago, that Putin had turned his staff and corrupted them, and now they were working for Russia for reasons that we will probably find out. And to say, you know, for example, I'm thinking of Moldova, that Putin has people all over Moldova turning it and threatening and, you know, a thousand different techniques all in play in Eastern Europe and every country there, you know, and using Erdogan to slow down the applications that was in Sweden and Finland to get into the, into NATO. I mean, all these diplomatic and under the surface efforts at trying to disrupt the coalition, disrupt the coalition and advance his interest in every country around, around Ukraine. I mean, it's, it's impressive. Is it going to work? Well, I don't know. I mean, I think that's the simple answer is, you know, I mean, let's, let's look at it from, from Putin's perspective. That's what the West is doing also. They're trying to influence the rest of the world.  I mean, because he sees this as a civilizational struggle. You know, he sees this as, as the resurrection of the Russian, of the Russian civilization. And so, and so he, of course he's going to use all means available. I think that's, I don't, I don't find that surprising. You know, I mean, I think, I think Erdogan, you know, President Erdogan from Turkey, I think he had other motivations about Sweden and Finland joining NATO. I mean, and he has his own issues with Russia, you know, over, over what's happening in, in Northern Syria. You know, so I think that that's, that's important to, to appreciate, you know, that, that, that he's, Putin sees this as, as a natural extension of his ability to, to defeat the West. Yeah. And, and it's like, you need a, a world map hanging on your office wall with little pins to identify all the maneuvers he's doing everywhere all day. It's not just the Donbass. It's maneuvers in so many countries and places. So many incidents are happening. So many tricks and tips that he's using. You've got to give him credit for doing that. And you know what, what's interesting is your point a minute ago is that the coalition believed, and probably, you know, in the largest sense still believes that the sanctions will work. But it's not clear that, and that, and they will deprive Putin of resources. But what he's doing on that map doesn't take a lot of resources. What it takes is a few phone calls and meetings and, and smart maneuvering. It's not like he has to spend a lot of money doing those things. So it's just another example, I think of the fact that the sanctions aren't working. Some countries who you would expect help from are not providing help, you know, solidarity on the sanctions. And, and Putin is now into what week number six, I get that right. And, and, and the sanctions haven't slowed them down. Well, you know, and there's an argument about whether sanctions, you know, in, in the West, there's still people who believe that these sanctions are, you know, and they talk about, you know, the reduction in GDP next year is going to be 10%.  And, and, you know, and it's, again, and the sanctions, it's not so much that people aren't supporting the sanctions as they aren't, they aren't not support. How do I say this there, you know, sanctions require effort, implementation of sanctions require effort. And what they're not doing is they're not putting forth effort to implement sanctions. And so the sanctions are there, but only if you take the time and, and spend the resources to implement those sanctions. You know, I saw an article that Britain is having to double the size of the organization that implements sanctions because all the sanctions have been put into place, but there's nobody to really implement them. There's nobody to actually check all the licenses that have to be issued, all the reports that have to be done to do that. It's a huge administrative tax, you know, and so, and so it's like, you know, economic sanctions are fine, but you have to understand that, that economic warfare requires manpower, just like military requires manpower. And that's, and that's hard to come up with, with that manpower because there's no, again, like I was giving the example of Indonesia, there's no, no particular benefit for, for countries that aren't directly involved with this conflict. Yeah, and, and, and political focus too. There was a piece on 60 minutes a few weeks ago about how the oligarchs had acquired, had purchased huge amounts of the high-end residential properties in London. And, and they are spending money there. They're coming and going and spending money. Some of it is lobbying, lobbying the members of parliament and other members of parliament, you know, taking the position, wait a minute, they're trying to influence the UK on dealing with, you know, the coalition and sanctions and all that, politically influence them. And of course, by definition, the oligarchs are extension of Putin. And so that's a whole new ball game, isn't it?   It's very clear what Putin is doing there. And God knows what other countries would be even easier for him to, to reach in the same way. Well, I mean, look, look at, look at the Middle East. I mean, if you look at a colored map of, of who's actively supporting the West and who's sort of passively just watching, the Middle East is, is the color of passively watching, you know, they are not, they are not really actively engaged. And if you, you know, if you watch some of the, some of the comments by the Saudis during the Biden visit, you know, they said, look, we, we, we respond to the market. If the market demands more oil, we'll put more oil out, but you have to give a time. You know, we're not, we're not going to just, just jump up and say, here, here's oil because Joe Biden says we need to pump more oil. You know, they're, they're a very calculating unit.  We have, we have economies that need to be developed, you know, and, and this is, we don't have inflation. You guys in the West have inflation because, because of your own action. You know, so you look at, I mean, look at China, they have, they have economic problems, but one of them is not inflation. You know, so, so clearly the West is, is, is suffering the impact, which is what Putin understood from the beginning, is that the countries that are going to, going to have the, the biggest impact are the ones that are going to be the most adamant about implementing sanctions on Russian. Yeah. So, yeah, let's, let's talk about the US, the effects of Putin's war on the US is, it's really interesting. Just the US seems to me to be very vulnerable on, you know, a foreign policy level right now, very vulnerable, certainly on the Ukraine level right now, because of its, you know, internal arguments over every issue, why not this one too. And, and I'm wondering how long the US can last and talk about fatigue. How long can the US last this way, when, when each side, especially the Republicans want to find a way to attack Joe Biden? Where is that $40 billion that was supposed to go directly from Congress into long range, long range artillery in the Ukraine? We haven't heard anything about that. Are we following through? Are we having fatigue? Are we having an argument under the hood? Is Joe Manchin really going to support further, you know, efforts to protect Ukraine? Or are we going to, you know, turn into a politicized argument on that one too? Well, I think so far, you know, it's been fairly, fairly, fairly bipartisan support for, for giving Ukraine aid. I'm not aware of anything that, that we haven't delivered, that we said we were going to deliver. I think, I think both sides have been, have been pretty supportive. But, you know, where, where your point is, is valid, I think, is all the other distractions that get in the way, you know, that, that at some point, when you start trying to fight inflation, then you're going to, you're going to lose sight of, of what your real objective is here, because it's going to become more and more difficult to maintain support for Ukraine. And, and, you know, in all honesty, what, what, what I see coming soon is a lot of pressure from the West, US and Europe for Ukraine to start thinking about what is the settlement. And, and I say settlement, because, you know, as far as Ukraine is concerned, they have, they have stated their objective is to take back Donetsk and Luhansk and, and, and Crimea, by the way, while we're at it. You know, that, that, that is a very ambitious goal, given the fact that it never had control of the entire province of Luhansk and Donetsk. And it, and it hasn't had control of Crimea since, since 2014. And there are legal structures now in place that would require something more than just a freedom march down the streets. You know, so, so at some point, the real challenge for the, for the West and the United States is going to come when we start trying to figure out how do we resolve, how do we resolve the, the conflict? You know, do we really stick by Ukraine for the long haul of trying to take back these territories and how much of those territories do we take back? That's where I think you might start seeing some, some political opportunism in the United States. And then, and then, and then you go back to the, to the weakness of, of the American political system right now, especially in the legislative branch where people will take those cheap potshots because they see it as, as self-promotion. One of the things that Putin seems to be doing in a kind of, well, he's got the war going on, the kinetic war, shooting up everything. And then he's got all the hybrid thing.  And just waiting, waiting for France to get tired, waiting for Germany to get cold, waiting for Italy to, you know, go into chaos, waiting for the UK to rethink its whole policy because of Boris Johnson's, you know, resignation and waiting for the US to implode. So waiting is a good, good, and you suppose conceptual encirclement around Ukraine. The other element there, Carl, and this is my last question to you, I think, the other element is we have really seen no legitimate and severe effort on the part of, of Putin to talk settlement. And this position now is stronger than it was when that was, that was visible. So query, you know, even if we all agreed that settlement discussions could happen, is he really willing to do that? Or is he going to puff it out right to the western border? That, I mean, that isn't what he promised. You know, what he, what he promised was he's going to get a corridor from, from Crimea, take Donetsk and Dohansk and stop there.  But I think, you know, I think that, that right now he would have you believe that he will settle for that area, for the, for the, basically the eastern part of Ukraine. And that would be, that would be a settlement that I think he would accept. Now, the real question becomes for how long? You know, I think, I think that in other words, you know, he'll take that, he'll take that settlement today and, and, you know, get, you may get the West distracted a little bit and then maybe rethink what he did and go back and try again. You know, so I think that, that he certainly has a winning hand at this point, because that would be a settlement that would be dramatically in his favor. And it would look like he was settling for something. And, you know, and then, and then it's a question of time. Is, is that just a matter of time before he, he moves to, to retake the rest of Ukraine, or at least turn Ukraine into such a failed state that it, it implodes into itself. You know, so I think that, that that's, that's sort of where I see Putin's calculus right now is, is, if they want to start talking about settlement, I'll talk settlement with control of the, of the two provinces, plus Crimea and, and the corridor that links the two. And I've got my buffer. I mean, if you, you know, if you believe his words that all he was really looking for was a security buffer, he can say, I've got that. And he looks like a winner. I mean, that, that is a, is a, a win for him. And, and it doesn't mean that that's where he stops, but it's where, it's where he can stop now and make it look good and get the West distracted from, from sanctions and all that other stuff. Well, looking, looking at this from a foreign policy and the diplomacy point of view, how could, let's assume that, that is the, that the reality from a foreign policy point of view that, that it is time for us to do that, save lives and to, you know, address other more important things like climate change and COVID and world trade and the global economy. And those things are really important. And we were distracted by them. We, you know, we're too busy with this war somehow. And so, so let's assume the United States made a policy decision that it was going to try to enhance settlement discussions or initiate settlement discussions. And that is a, that is a kind of interesting possibility. I mean, look, look at the many times the United States has had the same thought about Israel and the Palestinians and look where that's gone over decades and decades. But let's assume the United States wants to do that. I ask you this as someone who has been involved in diplomacy for a long time and seeing, you know, diplomatic, the ebb and flow of diplomacy around the world for so many years. So the question is how do you initiate those discussions legitimately? What steps do you take? And, and yes, certainly we agree that Putin may be using this as a way, as a stepping stone, a lily pad kind of stepping stone. So the question is, how do you make an agreement? What terms do you put in that settlement agreement to limit his options there? Yeah. I mean, I think at this point, I think assuming that you could get Zelensky on board with, with some sort of compromise, because that's not clear to me that you can at this point, you know, other than, other than threatening him to, to withdraw military support if he doesn't, if he doesn't get on board. I think, you know, what you would have to do is you'd have to start thinking about some sort of, some sort of demilitarized zone in, in, on the border of, of those provinces and the, the strip down to Crimea. And, and, you know, and probably put some sort of, some sort of a line by Kursom, you know, to, to keep Odessa as a, as a Ukrainian city. And, and then you'd have to, you'd have to build up military force in Ukraine, you know, and have some, some sort of a guarantee that, that Zelensky would have a military force capable of deterring further incursions into the rest of Ukraine. You'd have to have the European Union would have to put a pretty big economic commitment to, to support a, a shrunk Ukraine, you know, so that you would have to have, you'd have to have Ukraine become part of the European Union. You'd have to have them provide a lot of economic support, just a, a marshal plan, sort of reconstruction effort in the rest of Ukraine. And, and then you'd have to have some, some promise for what it's worth from Russia that, that they will withdraw some of those forces from, from the Eastern, those Eastern provinces. Oh, is there a way to cast this to make it not sound like Chamberlain and Munich and appeasement? Well, I think we're past, I think we're past that given that the war has happened, you know, and so I think more in, more in terms of 1945 rather than 1939, you know, that, that you have to accept that, that Russia has been partially successful in those areas because they were, they controlled a lot of those areas from the beginning. So, you know, so, so you have, I think you have to accept diplomatically. I mean, I'm saying if you're looking for a settlement, you have to accept that Russia has been successful in those areas and, and concede that, that territory. But that's not an easy thing for Putin to, for, for Zelensky to do, obviously, you know, to actually concede that territory. So I don't think it's, I don't think it's so much appeasement anymore as, as accepting the reality and, and accepting the reality, going back to what you said, to get on to a bigger thing. Yeah. You know, not, not to criticize Biden about this, but I wonder could we, you know, right now, as you said, Putin has a good hand, he has a good hand, and he'll play that out as a very smart poker player for sure, whatever happens. But if you went back to the beginning of this, Carl, knowing what we know now, how, if at all, could we have handled it better, so as not to allow Putin to get this far?   I mean, you know, given, given what, what Putin started with, you know, and just the fact that they were able to blunt the progress toward, toward Kiv is, is an achievement in itself. You know, given that it took as long as it did to gain what he did, you know, he's probably the best you could hope for without some sort of external intervention on the part of, of NATO, you know, which would have been a very, very risky strategy, I think, for, for NATO to pursue. But that's probably where it would have had to come. It would have had to come from, from some sort of, some sort of a flanking movement to, to get behind the Russians in the east there somehow. You know, and so it would have been, it would have been almost, I think you would have had to have some sort of NATO involvement to be able to pull it off. You know, and that's, I mean, there's obviously big risks that people simply weren't willing to take there. Is NATO part of the solution here? I mean, you mentioned that the troops might come from the EU, a buffer zone. Well, I didn't even say, I didn't even mention, I didn't even mention troops. I just sort of left out the whole military component of it. Because I think, no, I think, I don't, I don't think you can turn around now and say, we're going to, we're going to let NATO or let Ukraine join NATO. I just don't think, I just don't think that was, I don't think that's an option. I don't think that would be acceptable because that would give Putin every excuse to go back and try again. So what's the lesson of all this? You know, I mean, my concern is when, when we put down our pens and close the classroom door, what have we learned about limiting the autocrats? What have we learned about, about trying to make a, preserve a peaceful little liberal world? It's, it's difficult because you have, because you still have this, this, this focus on the state, you know, and as long as, as long as the state is the primary actor, there's always going to be people who use the state for those purposes. And so I think, you know, to me, the big lesson is we really need to learn how to, how to, how to move away from state influence and, and make multilateral regimes more resilient. But that's very much a, a, a liberal sort of perspective on, on how to, how to fix problems centered around state belligerence. And the United Nations, what about them? It seems to me that when you're talking about the international order, we should be talking about the United Nations. And yet, they have not presented as a relevant force in all this. No, it has to be, it has to be a reformed United Nations, which of course, introduces a whole realm of, of why it's so difficult to, to do that, because states basically control the United Nations. The United Nations are still, are still beholden to state power. Yeah. And one of the implications of what's happened over the past few months is that we have seen, if we didn't know it before, that the United Nations is powerless in a, you know, an argument in which members of the Security Council are involved. It's clear, it's clear now. It wasn't so clear before. And that revelation is part of the implications and what's going on. Yeah. Well, I think it has been clear. I mean, it was clear in the Cold War. We've just forgotten how clear it was. But it's always been, it's always been a fact that the United Nations is, is powerless in, in the context of great power competition. And the last thought is, if you don't mind, I'm going to ask you one more implication is just as the United Nations has, you know, been shown for its lack of power. It seems to me that we are actually, because of Putin's remarks and his stockpile of bombs, that we are closer to nuclear war now than we were at the beginning of this. Am I right? Yeah, I think you're right. And also the other, the other thing that we didn't talk about is, is there's a, there's now an inclination on the part of other countries to privilege nuclear weapons because the narrative has been is that the reason NATO didn't engage was because they were concerned about a nuclear response from, from Russia. So now what you're seeing and Ukraine was, was subject to this because it didn't keep its nuclear weapons. And those, there's, there's a whole discussion there, but I, they're going to cut us off here in a minute. So I don't have time to get into that, but you have Japan, you have Korea rethinking, you know, how, how good is this nuclear umbrella? Should we really have the capacity to, to get our own nuclear weapons? And this, this is sort of the mindset North Korea is congratulating itself for developing its nuclear weapons. Iran is thinking maybe we need to get ours next. So, yeah, so it's open to whole new, new range of thinking about the value of nuclear weapons also. Okay, well, that makes me feel a lot better, Carl. Hey, as I have told other people and other similar shows, it's time for me to leave this discussion and go soak my head. But thank you for your insights and enlightenment on this. Carl Baker, Senior Advisor of Pacific Forum, thank you so much.


headline news update everyone basal chap in yonder's thursday the 4th of november and this is the tiger financial news network market update dials down 15 to 36 141 hasn't yet made an all-time high the all-time high yesterday it was about 36 188 and we're looking at it now down 21 points the s&p's been quite strong today it's extended that leg d it's at uh 4675 56 up 15 all-time high weekly chart is very strong we're looking at the qqq also extending that look at that leg c it's just impossible to believe that this single leg remember it's called the floating letter in the chapel wave so from here this is a leg c leg c next day leg c higher highs higher highs he keeps being a leg c until it makes a lower high bar and then it'll become a peak and then you expect at least a leg d so this is spectacular all-time high at 395 point 84 up to a 67 the iwm uh was leading the pack earlier on and it's still doing very nicely all-time high 240 point 21 up a dollar 56 i'm actually calling this a leg african recycle i don't believe this a leg a let's go to an f for now and that's very very strong action gold you remember gold was looking we look at that big red candle yesterday well today's a big green candle uh we're up uh at 1798 we're up 35 going to the 200-period moving average of 1801 one of the reasons why we wanted to keep our gdx long is because i said it was in a sideways range and having really good intraday action but it's really the btc the bitcoin that's been the big powerhouse now bitcoin at a peak d at 68,030 about two weeks ago it's kind of stalled it sideways allows gold to have some action we're looking at crude oil which was look at we we were short crude oil perfect timing got a really good game we can get all that game because look at that strong move up today but we're out now it's at 8255 i think it's i think it is in a consolidation i suspect that consolidation is going to continue a little longer we come back at the ranch i do quite nicely on a balance and we're looking at the tlt trying to rally but stuck in the lower range and yields meantime are just stuck in a fairly narrow range we'll be back in a moment for the tiger technicians out don't forget great program here at tfn and all day i'll be back in a moment for the tiger technicians out check out my opening call my daily newsletter see you soon


What's up everybody, Jason here for Jatsby's Case Breaks.com. We just sold out another filler here to give away a spot in our Super Bowl Mixer, the Card Mixer, that's a $1,600 spot. With this 2023 Immaculate Collegiate Football 1 box break, 2 random teams each number one guys. So remember we're comboing up the commanders and the NIL combo spots so all those NIL players like Caleb and Arch and Quinn Ewers, they pop out that goes to the commander's combo spot. Now 16 spots, 2 random teams, at the end of the break we'll randomize the names and number one gets that SB break spot guys. So we double them up here but when we do the randomizer it's only going to be the 16. But we double them up here for the break itself though. So let's roll it and do the break first, 2-5-7 times, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7 times, 2-5-7-7, Michael down to Adam, 2-5-7, 7, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Alright now again of course it is a little filler box so I'm not going to go through every single team but I'll give you guys a quick minute to look at your teams. So the commanders NIL combo is going to David. Alright let's do the one box right now. There we go guys so Immaculate Collegiate. Alright so 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Let's roll it, whoa that one went way over here, 5. So we'll just go with the top box, or bottom box I should say sorry, these will be for future breaks. Alright of course you know no official checklist since it's Collegiate so it's going to go to the teams that they're currently on or teams they've played for the longest years as the tiebreaker than games after that. Alright so the first one here is Randy Moss. There you go. I believe did play 8 years I think with the Minnesota Vikings, 8 or 9, couple years in New England, couple years in Oakland. So of course Minnesota Vikings were to get that one and let me show the list here one more time so I forgot to show it again. Minnesota Vikings going to cut. And we got a quad relic, Ladanian Tomlinson, played for two teams in his career but obviously Chargers was way more than like 80%. So Chargers get that one, chat with that and we got a Happy Valley right there of Parker Washington, Nittany Lions to 99 and honestly I don't even know where Parker Washington is at. Receiver of the Jacksonville Jaguars was a 6 round draft pick. So Jags with that one, that goes to Daniel Smith, there you go, what a little Jalen Carter. Baby Rhino, bread man, 70 out of 99, horrible signature Jalen. Come on, gotta get better than that. Flagless fly though, Michael P last spot mojo. We got a redemption so we'll save that to be last and then Boomer Sooner, Marvin Minz, 4 out of 10. I believe Marvin Minz is that Denver Bronco receiver, right? I think he made the Pro Bowl, yeah. Denver Broncos going to Travis and then last but not least is the redemption. Let's see what we got here, Immaculate Introduction Gold, number 29, Trey Palmer. I'm not sure what the gold is going to be out of but Trey Palmer is a Tampa Bay Buccaneer 6 round draft pick and it's going to go to the Bucs and Chatshokers, alright and there you go guys. So there's the hits there for the customers, alright guys so now let's switch scenes here and now we're just going to randomize the 16 A's guys. One person is going to get into the mixer, here we go. Immaculate, 4-1, 5 times, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5th and final time guys, good luck. Boom, stays at the top of Daniel, nice, you were at 4 and 5 I know that was a little bit scary though. But 5 times, 5 times, Daniel, congratulations buddy. So appreciate it guys, we'll post up another similar break, I think we might reconfigure this one again and post up another similar one soon but again, other mixer fillers are up here guys, check it out, jaspyscasebreaks.com.


Hey, hey, how's it going everyone? It's Logan, here we back again with a new video! Oh my god, did you know that news that happened? You know, like, the heat trial on Mamma?  No for real! This is freaking awesome! So freaking awesome! Like, um, earlier- oh, not this yet. Sorry, I thought a spider was calling out my name. Earlier last year, or six months ago, there was another- there was a rumor that heat trial on Mamma were going out and they denied it.  This is so freaking awesome! I don't know, I think, um, their chemistry, like, whenever they're on the same show is, uh, so adorable and all that stuff. And it's just awesome to see that. Congrats to heat trial, my dude. I'm not jealous. But not really.  And I do not want to think about that because that will never, ever happen. So I just got to think about the things that will happen, like me making this video. But what I thought we could do for this is just, like, go through everyone's, uh, things for the heat trial on Mamma, and see some stuff that's happened, and, yeah, uh, so let's just start with this one, eh? Just look at this! Someone edited the Wikipedia that says he's dating Mamma. That lucky bastard! Oh man, someone is- ooh, jealous. I can't do that. I can't do it. But man, I'm loving this. He's been trending all day. I went to sleep with him trending for just a rumor about them, and then I woke up, and then it was official, and I'm like, yeah, this has been like eight hours, my guy. And he's like, oh, wait, I'm pretty sure both of them are trending right now. Yeah. Oh no, heat trial is just trending now.  Yo, yo, yo, yo, yo, what's this? Heat trial and Mamma's interaction, they started it all? The two-head chemistry starts to start! Now that heat trial and Mamma are officially dating, fans have started reminiscing on one of their first public interactions together. Oh, so this is just like what the fans did. And week ago, I was for fan adversary episode held over three years ago. The two had the iconic- Niko Niko Ni! It hurts me now, even when I'm editing this video. The Niko Niko Ni has made me cringe still once again. And the pain I go through is way too much. I can't handle it. I just can't. During a scene where the guests were challenged to raise heat trial's heartbeat speed, heartbeat speed, heartbeat, heat trial's heartbeat speed, yo, wait, I'm saying it correctly, wait. Yeah, I was saying it correctly. Momo imitated Niko Niko Ni, which is a popular catchphrase from the anime Love Live School Idol project, which is a pretty good anime. My friend got me to watch it, but it's only if you like that type of anime. I wouldn't recommend it, but I would recommend it. Comment down below your favorite anime. I'm more of a like, you know, like action-packed type of guy for anime. Also, good stories. Oh man, good stories. If I could say my favorite anime, it'll probably have to be Kuretaku Note Basket or Haiku, or Running With The Wind. Those three are like so freaking amazing. So awesome. And then my favorite fighting one would probably have to be Dragon Ball Super because, oh man, I love that show so much. I love anime. So comment down below your favorite anime and what you think about this relationship. Heat trial? Wait, does that mean their ship name is... Heat trial was visibly giddy from Momo's actions, especially when she held his hands. The killing part for him however was when she cutely greeted him. Good morning in Japanese. Oh God. At the end of the interaction, Momo set the highest record making Heechul's BPM reach 136. Yo, what the... Yo, that's insane. I got to stop putting my hands on my desk because I don't have my camera on a tripod.  Okay, so that was their first interaction. And oh man, they're cute. They're cute. But yeah, if we go back to the start where it got confirmed, label SJ and JYP Entertainment said these two things. Kim Heechul and Momo were always close to senior juniors, but recently they have began to meet each other with good feelings. Oh, I love this. After looking into it, we can confirm that the two celebrities started as close senior juniors, but recently developed feelings for each other and are meeting each other. Oh bro, I am loving this. And you know, I hope that this will start to get more relationships to go out there because I mean like both of them are really freaking massive. Like Heechul and Super Junior and all the variety shows he's in. And just like everything about Heechul is freaking awesome. Actually, I read this thread last night and he's become my role model. Like no jokes. He's become my role model of how much I'm a good human being he is. Like if you guys are interested in seeing this thread and all that stuff, I'll leave a link in the description down below. But like seriously, I spent like, I think it was like 20 minutes just going through this entire thread of everything that Heechul's done that helps people and how he's such a good person. And he's like my role model now. Like he seriously is my role model. And I'm so freaking happy that he's now a dating Momo who is from twice and twice like the most popular girl group in Korea and Japan and almost around the entire world. Like it's awesome how these two massive people are coming to give it. And I hope that this will get, you know, other idols to, you know, maybe come out and start dating or just it becomes more of a normal thing. Definitely because since Heechul's been around for a long time in the industry, that it would be a good thing. He'll probably like release a post saying hopefully this will also help other idols, you know, he'll probably say that. He'll actually probably say that because of this fruit that I read he will probably say that and if he does you all owe me $5,000. Okay, that's maybe a bit too much. Maybe like a like on the video and a subscribe. And if he doesn't then still like the video and subscribe. But yeah, if we go into the trends let's just see what everyone is saying and just feel so happy. You know, we just need those good vibes going. Heechul doesn't matter so congrats to you both. Ah! Kang Daniel and Heechul seeing each other at Twice's dorms for the first time. Oh, I need to watch this. Someone once was trying to argue that Heechul was too old for Momo when they certainly the better. Yo, Heechul doesn't matter when it comes to love. Come on, we all know that. Oh my god, probably the people saying that are just people who don't understand love. Well, they clearly don't understand love because they don't support it. Oh god. I'm so glad they're dating. Please, if anyone deserves to be happy as Heechul, the mighty protector of female idols. He seriously is. Oh my god. I am definitely leaving a link to that thread down below. You guys go through it and just see how much of a great guy he is. Holy Cremoli. Guacamole. He is such a great guy. Like, he covers like so many female idols.  He gives it. He's just the right role model. I swear. JYP has been spelling the T since then, but we didn't even know. Let's congrats to Momo and Heechul.  Boy, you like Momo. Yo, I am loving this. Everyone is so supporting of it. Like, when, like, Jenny and Kai were going out. So many people were hating against it. And now I'm starting to see that everyone is actually starting to accept that idols can date. Which I thought would have been the first thing. Like, why would you not accept it? Do you really think that they're yours? Do you really think you own them? I don't know. But the idols are free to do what they want. And as long as they still make music for us and be happy on stage, then that's all that matters. Or happy off stage, that's all that matters, isn't it? Okay, that's all that matters. We support them no matter what, you know? They're there to support us with their music and their variety shows, reality shows, and just like everything, their live stages, their concerts, they're there to support us, make us feel good. But we also need to be there to support them from behind the scenes. We need to help them with everything, you know? Like, we don't know what all of them are going through. But we should just always send out love.  I don't know. Why do people hate on other members in a certain group when they're only like one member from a group? I don't know. But we should all support idols and just stop hating, okay? I'm just... It's... Hate doesn't need to be needed. And I don't know why people hate. It just needs to stop. And I think if more idols come out dating, then more support will be coming around. Because I love it when I see the fandoms just be like, yo, we need to support these too. And it's so cute. Like, when Kank Daniel and Jiho went out, like, the fandoms of both of them just came together and they support them. And now we got the Alves and Onces, which I'm part of both. So, it's freaking cool. Just seeing how everyone is coming together to support idols. And we need to see this more often. We need to see more support in this community. I think we've already do. Just... We don't need to hate. I don't know why people hate. Is it because the charts, they're scared? I don't know. But we should just support no matter what. If you don't like a group's music, then you're not a fan of their music. You don't need to hate on them anymore, okay? Okay? That's all that I need to say about that. So, let's go back to Heechul and Momo, the best couple. Wow. That is actually real true. Heechul always had one... one hard year last year, right? He had a hard time lately. He suffered health problems and couldn't be on stage with his bros. Lost two younger sisters and a dog. And he went private on Instagram right after for almost two months. He just came back four days ago to admit he was having a hard time. And now Heechul will be on hiatus. But now he's got someone to be by his side. Momo. And I'm pretty sure that they've both helped each other out quite a lot behind the scenes. Damn. I feel happy for Heechul now that, you know, it's out there, he's officially dating. Maybe, you know, his mental health will start to become better. Who knows? I forgot how Heechul has kind of had a bad year. I knew like he was like related to everything that's basically happened, but I just completely forgot about that. Wow. Momo and Heechul confirms their relationship meanwhile all fans are preparing to protect Heechul and Momo. Heck yes. So you're saying Heechul was 36 and Momo was 23? Heck yeah. First thing yet, he's different than anything. Well, he's got a YouTube channel. I want to subscribe to his YouTube channel. Oh, he does live streams? Oh, heck yeah. Heechul. Heechul. Heechul. Hello. Heechul. Hey, subscribe. Imagine if we get a vlog of both of them. Imagine if that's the first thing he uploads onto. I know he's taking hiatus from it, but imagine if that's the first thing he comes back with is a vlog of Momo and they're like... I mean... Yes. One, two, three. One, two, three. Yeah, I support it. I support it. All right. Thank you guys all for watching this video. Hopefully you guys enjoyed. If you did, you guys did and show some support by leaving a like. Comment down below how much you support this relationship and the future ones in general. And if you want to share this video around with your friends, then go ahead, subscribe if you guys want to see more videos like this where I just talk about the trends or news in the K-pop community. And yeah, I hope you guys have had a great new year and I'll see you guys tomorrow with a red velvet psycho reaction. Peace.


What's happening guys? It's Shane here. And in today's video, we are going to be talking about the top 10 doctoral degrees. That's right. We're doing this year's version. This is a super highly requested video. I did last year's version and I got tons of comments asking me about different degrees and asking me to do it again. And yes, there were some degrees, some careers that I didn't include in that last list that I have included in this one. Getting a doctoral degree is a huge commitment. So you always want to make sure that you're doing your research. And that's what this video is hopefully going to help you do. And we're going to go over a lot of different factors from how saturated certain careers are, what the job markets like, also how much money you make. And then we're also going to go over how much debt you end up getting into with these different degrees and just some overall x factors and some important things to consider. So with that being said, we are going to jump right into it. Super excited for this one. But make sure you gently tap that like button, hit the subscribe button and ring the notification bell so that you never miss out on a video. Number 10 on the list is going to be a doctor of physical therapy, also known as DPT. This is the degree that you would get in order to become a physical therapist. Now out of all the degrees that I talk about on this list, this one has the highest job satisfaction. In fact, this has one of the highest job satisfaction rates out of any career period. And basically they help ill or injured people improve their movement and pain. Now 11,000 people graduated with this degree last year. And the debt to income ratio is about 2.5 to one. Don't pay too much attention to the number itself. This is data that I got from student loan planner. This is basically a consulting service that works with people who have masters and doctorates and are in a lot of debt. And so people who would seek these services out are likely people who have more debt. But I do think that generally speaking, when you compare it to the debt to income ratio of the other ones on this list, you'll see which ones have higher ratios. I got some comments about that last year. So I hope that makes sense. This doesn't mean that if you make $100,000 and there's a 2.5 to one debt to income ratio that you're going to go $250,000 in debt. That just means that the people who had this degree and wanted those consulting services, if they were making $100,000 on average, we're about $250,000 in debt. So I just wanted to make that super clear. Now, according to glassdoor.com, the average physical therapist makes about $76,000 a year. And according to BLS, they make about 89,000. But the job outlook over the next 10 years shows that it's growing at about 22%, which is well above average. Just to compare that average is around four to 5%. And if you look at the meaning score, it's 89%, which is one of the highest out of all careers you look at. So even though the salary is a little bit lower than a lot of them on this list, you know, 70, 80, 90,000 or so, the meaning score kind of makes up for it. And that's why I did include it. Next one on the list, number nine is going to be dentist. And they either have a DDS, which is a doctor of dental surgery, or a DMD, which is a doctor of dental medicine. And these degrees are basically exactly the same. I'm not even sure why they have two different names. But anyways, last year about 6,000 people graduated with this doctorate. And by the way, this is what's known as a professional doctorate degree compared to something like a doctor of philosophy, which will be going over in a little bit. And basically professional degrees, in my opinion, are almost like the combination of a trade certificate, like trade school, mixed with traditional education. And the reason for that is because a lot of the time in traditional education, when you get a degree, you end up doing something that has nothing to do with the degree. The skills you learn from the degree will still probably help you in whatever you endeavor to do. But when it comes to professional degrees, you are learning exactly what you need to know in order to do a very specific career. So for instance, if you get a dental degree, you're going to become a dentist. If you get a law degree, you're going to become a lawyer. And if you get a medical degree, you're going to become a doctor. Now with this one, they make about $166,000 a year, according to Glassdoor. And according to BLS, they make about $159,000. And it's growing at about 7%, which is slightly above average. So when you see the 7% there, compared to a lot of other health degrees, not quite as good. Now the debt to income ratio is 2.5 to 1, which isn't too bad. But you also have to consider the fact that that's just student loan debt. And a lot of the time dentists actually take out other loans in order to start their own business. So they might end up going like a million dollars in debt in order to start their practice. And then they aren't able to pay it down until they're in their thirties or forties. So becoming a dentist is kind of a long term play. It's one of those things where you basically sacrifice what you're doing today in order to gain more in the future for a very, very long time. But with that being said, can be a great choice for the right type of person, not personally my cup of tea. I like to secure the bag, so to speak at an earlier age so that I can actually enjoy my twenties and thirties. But yeah, dentists make the best money out of anybody on this list, except for one profession, which will be going over here in a bit. Next one on the list is going to be a science PhD. Now this one does come with a disclaimer. Not all science PhDs are created equally. So an example of this one would be a science PhD in chemistry. Last year about 2,700 people did graduate with this doctorate. Now the thing about a lot of science related degrees is unfortunately it's so complicated and it takes so much skill that you have to get a doctorate in order to get a lot of these jobs that are available. But if you are able to get a doctorate, which by the way is very difficult, usually it's you know, four years of undergrad, another eight years to get your PhD. So 12 years total. And during that time, you're going to be working and studying extremely hard.  And you know, Glassdoor has scientists making about $97,000 a year. And this is specifically for chemists. The next one on the list is going to be a lawyer and they get a Juris Doctorate degree or JD. Now this is one of the most popular doctorate degrees last year, about 34,000 people graduated with this one. The debt to income ratio here is about 2.8 to one. So getting on the higher side, not too bad though. And if you are able to get a job, you get paid really well about $112,000 a year, according to Glassdoor. But that's actually a big if because a lot of people go to law school, get their JD, and then they either don't find work at all, or they find a job, do entry level work kind of grunt work for a while, get worked really hard working like 68 hours a week in many cases, and then end up quitting the career and just going in a completely different direction. I made an entire video about this kind of breaking down all the reasons you shouldn't become a lawyer. But for the right person, somebody who's probably an A type personality, confident, competitive, driven, this can be a really good opportunity for you. So lawyer is one of those careers that has very, very high upside. We're talking you can make like tens of millions of dollars a year as a lawyer, but it also has a very low downside. Whereas a lot of other degrees on this list are health related. And with health degrees, you kind of know what you're going to get. If you get a health related major health related degree, go into a career, you kind of know what you're going to make. It's relatively stable. There's not much of a difference between the highest earners and the lowest earners. Now according to BLS lawyers make about $122,000 a year and it's growing at 6%, which is slightly above average. So yeah, definitely check that video out. If you're considering going to law school, make sure you do your research on it.  Next one on the list, number six is going to be pharmacist. And this is the career you'd go into if you got a farm D or a doctor of pharmacy. This is a degree I got and pharmacists are legal drug dealers and experts on pharmacology. I wonder if YouTube's gonna demonetize me for saying that. Anyways, last year about 14,000 people did graduate with this degree. Now according to Glassdoor, you're going to make about $122,000 a year. According to BLS, you make about 128,000 and they have a 2.2 to one debt to income ratio, which is one of the lowest on this list. Now I will say this is one of those degrees that kind of attracts a lot of people who are just trying to A, make a lot of money or B, get a relatively easy doctorate. So definitely do not go into pharmacy for either of those two reasons. Only go into it if you're passionate about it and you know what you're getting yourself into. Number five on the list is going to be a STEM without the S just technology engineering and mathematics doctoral level degree. So this is going to be a PhD or doctor of philosophy in a technology engineering or mathematics degree. So one example of this would be an electrical engineering PhD. Now again, I will say here that some degrees are going to be better than others when it comes to getting your PhD. So you really want to look into it because there's a lot of careers that absolutely do not require you to get a PhD. So you want to go to people who are currently in the career you're going for and ask them, will you know, getting a PhD help me or do I not need to do that? Can I do it with a master's or a bachelor's? But with that being said, the average electrical engineer makes about $95,000 a year. And of course they would probably make a lot more than that because you can become an electrical engineer with just a bachelor's. So if you had a doctorate, you'd be making quite a bit more. Number four on the list is going to be a college professor with a PhD. Now it's very, very difficult to become a college professor. Now I've talked about this in my video about should you go to graduate school? But there are basically way more people who are trying to become professors than there are assistant professor positions open at some degrees in some schools. It's absolutely ridiculous where there's like 400 applications for one open position. But with that being said, if you are able to become a college professor, not only is it really well paying, but it tends to be a pretty cool job. According to Glassdoor, the average professor nationwide makes about $114,000. And according to BLS, it's growing at about 11%, which is faster than average. But yeah, be very, very careful. If you want to become a professor, it's not guaranteed. Very difficult to get into it. You really have to dedicate yourself and know what you're getting yourself into. Number three on the list is going to be a doctor of nursing practice in order to become a doctoral level nurse practitioner. Last year, about 3,500 people graduated with this degree. This is one of my favorite careers because you can prescribe, diagnose, and you don't have to be under the supervision of a doctor. So this is basically a way to do a very similar job to what doctors do without having to go through three to seven years of residency. Now nurse practitioners make about $121,000 a year, according to Glassdoor.com. And that's including a masters as well as doctoral level nurse practitioners. And so at the doctoral level, you'd likely be making even more than that. So yeah, really good one has very high job satisfaction as well. It's growing at a ridiculous rate. There's tons of job openings out there. So definitely one you should consider if you want to go into the medical field. Number two on the list is going to be a dental specialist, something like an orthodontist. So basically this would be an add on to becoming a dentist.  And then, you know, if you just want to become a dentist, that's good, you're good to go.  However, orthodontist can make a lot more money than dentists. So orthodontists generally specialize in aligning teeth and jaws. So putting braces on people doing invisible line, that sort of thing. Whereas dentists are just general mouth, teeth, et cetera, health. Now you can also become an endodontist or a periodontist. I'm not really going to go into those, but they also make quite a bit of money as well. Now orthodontists are relatively rare. There's not nearly as many of them, but they are going to make more than a dentist, usually about $290,000 a year or so. But that's with about 11 total years of school and residency, which is very similar to the next one on the list. Number one is going to be medical doctor. And this is what you would become if you got an MD or a DO, which is a medical doctorate or a doctor of osteopathic medicine. Now this one actually has the lowest debt to income ratio on the list at 1.64 to one. And last year about 24,000 people graduated with either an MD or a DO. Now in order to become a medical doctor, it is a grueling process.  And on top of that, you have to have excellent grades and do lots of different extracurriculars in order to get into med school. If you are lucky enough to get into med school, which I have personally seen people fail to get in four times in a row, multiple people, but if you are lucky enough to get into med school, then you have four years of even more grueling schooling to go through. Then if you make it through that, you've got another three to seven years of residency and you might end up doing a fellowship on top of that. That's two to three years. So most people do not start making the big bucks, making the real money until they're in their thirties and sometimes late thirties or even forties. Now overall, when it comes to the value that you get out of a degree, I've talked about this many times on the channel. I think for most people, just generally speaking, the best value degree is a bachelor's, right? You get the most bang for the buck by just getting your bachelor's, but in certain situations for certain people, it does make sense to get a doctorate like a medical doctor. So according to Glassdoor.com, they make about $183,000 a year, which is the highest on this list except for maybe orthodontist, but it really depends on which specialty you go into as a doctor and keep in mind as a dentist or an orthodontist, you're likely going to have to take out a loan in order to start your practice. So there's going to be a lot more debt involved in that. And I did a video where I talked about different specialties that make a lot more money. Generally speaking, you know, neurosurgery is the highest paying specialty. You make about $617,000 a year, but there's even subspecialties of that where you can make into the $800,000 plus dollars a year. And then you do see the occasional doctor here that owns their own business and they're very famous or they're very good at whatever they do that can make in the millions of dollars a year. The lowest paying doctor specialty is pediatric infectious disease at about 186,000. So when I think it comes to medical doctor, this list is a little bit off. They will likely make quite a bit more than 183,000. But yeah, hope you enjoyed the list. Check out my other videos right here. I made them just for you. Go ahead, hit that like button. Come on now. Hit the subscribe button too while you're at it. Bring the notification bell and comment down below any thoughts, comments, et cetera that you have on the video. And I will see you next time.


The Presidential Candidate of the Ruling or Progressive Congress, Bole Tudubu, has promised to end the plurable level of development of Biausa's state and restore its lost glory. Tudubu spoke at the party's Presidential Rally in Yanuga, Biausa's state capital. He accused those who have governed Biausa of underdeveloping the state. I took all Legos. I cleaned it up, developed it, faced the Atlantic, and conquered the Atlantic for Legos' sake. Let us show. It is time we sweep them out. They cannot even do drainage. They blame everything of federal government. Who is collecting derivation? Are they not? Who is collecting and polluting your soil? Who is polluting your water? You have no more fish. Do you see one there? Get them out of the way. Sweep them. The notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Everybody forced here ripping 20 22 23 finest you a fa eight box case number 13 you find those results in a town late sports cards calm Look, let's get started y'all. I didn't do I didn't know New England Patriots Torrey Holt was here last night When was that? Link is in the chat for those results as well. Let's get some baseball breaks filling now baseball Beesball Five to go into light y'all 18 to go in the first museum 25 in the second Yankees are 50 bucks off Red Sox for 30 bucks off Six to go and finest flash finest flashback divisions, and then nine to go in definitive pYT check out finest flashback prices It's kind of wild We just slashed that price to the first museum here. It's got 18 to go by the cans. Let's go What's up? Oh Anthony Hello, hey, it takes too far away again. Am I is it me? No? It's a camera Levandowski price footballer's desk to 299 AC Milan are more snakeskin. What it's cell for The new mother factor Super fractor super fractor first box of the night first box. This is unreal super fractor Is this what we're gonna be on all night long? Is this how it's gonna be? Manuel you guard days super fractor for sporting. Let's go Oh, baby. Whoop Manuel you guard day one of one super. That's how we started off That's how we started off Brian M. Come on Brian M. Out here Casual super fractor first mini box good lord Good Lord, that's gorgeous We did card stand already We need a card stand already y'all better get ready Y'all better get ready. There's still spots available for tonight by the way We're gonna have a repeat of Friday night Got a tonali auto for AC Milan Did it earlier? Yep your factor gear you started in a You were number one. I'll do a rookie refractor from Ferts Alvarez finest rookies price footballers in Boppe Who is that? Who was that at the door? Thomas Muller refractor. Did you work here? Sometimes apparently sometimes he does work Got light blue rookie to 300 Alfie or to 275 Alfie Devine Tottenham Alfie aqua blue vapers sesco to 250 Salzburg refractor auto Chelsea Jalph Alex Refractor soccer arsenal. It's two-stray breaking ships. I pull the super blue refractor benzamato 150 real love to see it How's Mac Jones doing? Well, he didn't turn the ball over today his backup came in and Did worse then he did refractor moussilla byron, but hey, they're getting the job done We are getting a top a top two or three pick. They're getting the job done 17 to go a museum y'all that Jones is for sure gonna play for like the Cardinals at some point when a playoff game or something CR7 price footballers with a purple the man Harry Kane. He's the man. He's a man Man I so taught him on the SP So was live refractor with a prize footballers fusion Leon L. Messy Messy SP Yep, I said that's how we're doing it tonight y'all these spots these spots PSG Brian M as well Brian M bought a few spots and he's killing it. I think Blue and gold fusion. There's Henryk Larson light blue to 275 is all blocked for atletico aqua blue to 250 Neymar PSG Autograph photography for sporting. They got they got me worried. They thought I thought they were gonna win Dude, I was like you cannot be winning games when like you can't be winning these games Patriots settle down. I Was worried Ain't no sense in winning the game at this point in the season Romo's refractor Fabio Carvalho. It also doesn't matter in college football if you're not an SEC team Was y'all a prize footballers fusion My Aida refractor. Nope Different my Aida there's more than there's more than just one my Aida price footballers is rookie moodrick for Chelsea green Lava rookie Julian Alvarez man City to 99 55 of 99 Another the man auto Steven Gerard to 350 Liverpool. We pulled what he's on Friday, too Sweethead for Singo Singo with a Gerard one of the clubs best to ever do it purple refractor to 299 to Kettler a similar on Final shirt. He's Torrey Graven birch refractor. We're through to to Was I right about the There's number ones that I guess we'll never know Devin I guess we'll never know It is all about hypotheticals nowadays. Not what you do in the field. So that is pretty status quo right there It's all about hypotheticals Got light blue to 275 is noir for Bayern Yes, Spencer being a one of the trash list is very very earned Barbie area rookie refractor Hubey I hope Michigan just actually throttles Bama If only Bama wouldn't have got that one miracle against Auburn Nobody wants to talk about how they scraped by an Auburn team that had like six wins to 75 light blue Royce for Dortmunds They probably would Cameron Got Alcantra autograph for Liverpool and a green speckle to 125 la Hovech for Juventus in Shriny art of 99 going out to inter Milan Core inch Papa Diaz. Yes, Steve Get like 40 of them right the Enzo School Eagles, let's go birds Price footballer sesco. We got a goal then it is Maudreech to 50 Rayama Drid Luca Luca school birds and kunku refractor purple shimmer of tonali to 199 AC Milan price footballers of Sun Aqua blue rookie Veron the 250 for Porto Go auto Darmie for Copenhagen. I'm a Darmie rookie refractor Jed Spence for Stad Rene. I'll just watch some of something else on Those days Warren's there emory finest rookie sesco refractor Yeah, this is why I stopped caring about cultural cultural in the first place All the politics and nonsense Well, I tried guys I Gave it a chance Rick I'm no Steph Curry out here Unless that is hitting super fractors Come a venga refractor They got 12 next year, but I don't care next year next year. Don't don't mean nothing of the Florida State players right now To 275 layout AC Milan. Did that be sick if like for a state boycott of their bowl game? Got auto Noah Lang for club Rouge and what that won't happen Like the coaches won't let that happen got J. Zeus on the Extended Bay screen lava Leon King the 99 going out the Rangers. All right, I'm fine with kiddo All right kiddo go birds, but all right. Let's go kiddo as well for fantasy Noah Lang show the roof Yeah, well, I'm not really an Eagles fan. I just I don't know. He doesn't know I don't know final Gittens Price footballers Carvalho shimmy bowl games anyway Uh rose gold to 75 his price footballers budgerig crookie or Chelsea Nice numbered rookie mudrick. We should sponsor a bowl man Playing sports cards bowl. Yeah You know a messy refractor for PSG purple shimmer to 199 uh berela for inter I mean Orlando has like 18 bowl games a year. We could sponsor one pretty easily It's probably easier to sponsor a bowl game in Orlando than it is to like sponsor a little league team Price footballers messy aqua blue vapor to 250 terstigan from Barcelona There is what fill in the blank mac jones is I'm lost now Gold auto rookie futawoo for sporting number to 50 50 up 50 on the book end too Very nice futawoo followed by a blue refractor leon king rangers to 150 Dude lines almost off to tasum hill and james winston Lions needed that went bad too. They were scuffle if you're scuffing against the saints, it's not good if you have if if you have hopes for like, you know winning the nfc Atkateke and showlock. I don't think mac jones is bad. Patriot is just a failure He gets a bad rap I agree. He takes the fall for the The failures of everything. It's a bad rap 14 to go on the first museum. Let's go guys get it filled up museum over halfway now Price footballer sesco rosegold of berela at a 75 inter three to go into light as well Three teams left in the lights Fractured donnaruma for psg flux sold out and the man christin pulisic chelsea He is the man see that goal. He had I think it was it yesterday or was it today? I don't know what but the most recent ac Milan game, dude Beauty of a goal for him footballers hungman sun purple rookie to 299 aslani for inter off a blue eling jr. Rookie for huve Out of 250 and a green wave neon green wave rookie auto mcala mudrick to 99 chelsea with a solid break here adam Adam nice shot. Nice that mudrick auto I don't know how to fill in the blank john I responded as soon as you typed in. I just don't know what to say Mac jones. I would think I think he's an average quarterback. I don't think he's bad But I don't think he's like good. Is there emory? Ramos or fracter? Would you take mac jones or bacon? I'll take mac Levin doff's you there purple rookie enzo for nandes the 299 finest rookies I guess it depends though I feel like mac I feel like baker could do better in new england right now But if you give like a decent team, I would say mac jones You give a decent o-line and solid receivers and like a decent scheme. I say mac jones Neuer refractor I think bakers a little better when the play breaks down a little bit better. I'm not saying he's like He's not like mohms hurts, but like joe flacco is a brown He's on their practice squad right or you get elevated. It's probably the browns best quarterback of all time Auto camera Carter vickers for Celtic Hemmer hemmer rg3 both both the ravens legends Uh, would a guard refractor or extended base for chelsea. He had a nice goal green lava pepe to 99 port though Two over mac jones. I don't know about that one. That's a bit questionable Got memphis on the refractor alvarez finest rookies for man city Oh he's starting right now. Oh jeez. Oh jeez. Well, I miss that one. Yeah, straight from the goalie that that the first touch My pulisic was actually wild You don't see a better first touch. It is like perfect for that play Mike Evans not wearing gloves. Oh boy. It's raining that hard in Tampa right now Wait, it's raining. So you took the gloves off? I mean, I guess when you're mike evans You can do things like that I would need the gloves regardless. I would assume I know getting surprised footballers green refractor soba's light of 99 life sig illinois rookie refractor edwards for sporting Southern illinois representing the entire state right now.  No. No, I didn't see it As as you can probably have guessed by now on that like midnight last night Yeah, that sounds about right orange on the auto for city jack grailish 24 of 25 and they're grailish To the break schedule right now break schedule link coming to chat it starts, uh, what a couple hours hour and a half First one is at 625 purple to 299 fahti bars Like again guys, we always have the break schedule updated on the website always find out there 11 dobski refractor from barisa And it adjusts to your time zone it adjusts to your time zone Do you ask us a time? We'll say it in eastern Time which is where we are CR seven foot. We're in uh Augusta, georgia. You got footballers ronaldo purple to 299 prize footballers of griezmann I'm sterling refractor purple shimmer sacala to 199 rangers Sealer's game is ending now That's all there in the weather delay earlier in the glarsen Light blue rookie to 275 huli and alvarez on the color match for city Ryan m with city having a good break right way Brian m is psg city and then they hit the super as well Brian m's having a good sunday. I'll tell you that it's all around us auto from benfica Debala extended base rose gold mini diamonds is grailish to 50 for city Be sure to like the stream everybody. Let's get some breaks filling up.  Are there that was the one they were reviewing the whole for like five minutes? Because we still don't know what it catches It's like gone backwards We used to know jake actually in your lifetime probably not One to go and breakers alike One to go That team is the red sox All right quick disrespect to my team quit doing that Uh definitive teams are on sale as well. Finest flashbacks is way marked down. I'm talking way marked down Way Yes, the mixture is good tonight. There's some 2019 nt 2019 iMac 2022 nt photo Oh low numbered price for wallors and bop a we've got a magenta purple. I think it is vapor A benjamin sesco number three of three for solsberg Great card there great young forward Solsberg where they at here rick congrats rick Three of three sesco Let's go Benjamin let's go sesco let's go Sesco like the the musical artist Um maratha refractor followed by purple shimmer hattata 199 for selting joel's holding you back. Why is joe holding you back? Vlahovic out of 275 sakala for rangers. Did you did you forget the papadillas? Is that why? I asked how she had on a 10-yard line. Are you allowed to be that far down as a coach blue autos to get to lair for ac milan to 150 Charles to get the lair Rookie refractor column window stade renair. Sorry rookie extended base short print column window on salo Camari Yeah, we wanted like 40 of them a little hungry got coffee purple rookie at a 299 is fajoli for huve Jake's gonna have like 17 and i think i'm gonna have like 23 Man i already had mcdonald's uh, i don't know if i can do pop you had a mic papadilla That's on lungo rick.  All right. Come on now last one. I've had a very nice case here I had a super how to magenta purple or fuchsia purple. I forget which color it is the number two three This is what we had we had that Play a game now too. Oh screen pass on the third one. This is classic eagles. I almost converted.  Noon. Yes purple shimmer for liverpool Price footballers of del piero aqua blue to 250 is out of yummy for dormant autograph kayo horre again uve Do a rookie extended base I know gittin's finest rookies rois refractor nois rois valio You almost made that catch Pulis sick refractor chelsea rookie green speckled to 125 huli and alvarez for man city Other nice card city having a good break Messy prized footballers aqua blue nuñez to 250 liverpool Fractor autonoa laying club bruge Rookie extended base garnacho for manu blue refractor to 150 de brogna for city Great Is judged great record Great record Uh, shelled the root rookie refractor benfiga and a kateke finest rookies. All right one sec. We'll do a recap Those are on the trash list Great record Red Sox sold another sunday fun day spot came in. Let's go y'all Let's go Hey, you messed up ithica.  All right. We got a prize footballers fusion of messy on the sp The man pulisic the man purple of airy kain 299 Uh Lower numbers here. We got a number to 50 of graylish And mudreech So three was sesco three of three salisburg autos of or hey twice Gonzalo ramos camembert carter vickers. Noa lang noa lang mohammed dowry me tiago alcantra jow phaelix sondra tonali Fatalu the man steven gerard auto to 350 for liverpool to ketoletta 150 ac milan mudrick rookie auto to 99 for chelsea gold rookie auto fatalu for sporting 50 50 orange graylish auto out of 25 for city And we had a manuel yugarte a super fractor for sporting First box of the night really nice case to start our night off here guys. Let's keep it going with some baseball now


It's my honour to accept this award tonight on behalf of Associate Professor Sean Walder who sends her apologies. She went home unwell today so I'm here on her behalf. I'd like to start by expressing our gratitude to the Brain Foundation, to the generous donors who make this funding possible, and to the Foundation Executive who have recognised what we think is valuable research. The work that we're going to talk about today represents a combination of over 20 years of research of our team that's we're trying to develop and find safer and more effective treatments for ischemic stroke. It's far from the work of one person, it's the work of a passionate and dedicated team of scientists. Associate Professor Sean Walder, my supervisor Professor Sean Jackson, Dr. Maikwoo who is here tonight and my work as well. So ischemic stroke is a third most common cause of death and disability in Australia and I'm sure everyone knows someone who has been touched by it. Most of these strokes, 85% of them are actually caused by blood clot that blocks off blood flow to the brain. The main stay of stroke treatment currently is to remove the blood clot as quickly as you can and get blood flow back into the brain and there's two main ways that that happens at the moment. The first it was mentioned earlier where a coil or a retriever gets put up into the brain and actually pulls the clot out. This is really effective in some patients but not everyone, so only about 10% of people are actually eligible to get it because of where their clot is and also where they live. The other way to treat stroke at the moment is to use a drug which breaks down the blood clot and this has been quite effective in some patients but again not everyone. So the goal of our research is to develop to develop safe and effective ways of breaking down the blood clot that can work in conjunction with the current drugs that are available. Over the last seven years we've developed a new and novel preclinical model to test these treatments in the lab bench which we then hope to take into the clinic. We hope that our lab work will give us a way to accurately assess how these drugs work, are they safe before we take it into people. The funding from today from the Brain Foundation will support this work and we hope that this will ultimately lead to safer and more widely accessible stroke treatments for the 56,000 people in Australia who experience stroke every year. So thank you again for your support of our work.