Distinguished participants for this conference all invited guests ladies and gentlemen good morning to you all and to our visitors from abroad I welcome you very warmly to Ghana I'm very pleased to be invited to open this international conference on migration and mobility new frontiers for research and policy organized jointly by UNU Wireda and Arua as a politician who used to be an academic and research it's always nice to to be invited to to these events organized by academics it provides one an escape route from the heavy political arena that we one finds oneself sometimes so it is really great to be here as a policymaker I really value research yes yesterday I was presenting a paper at the University of Cape Coast and the topic was on building stronger economies in Africa and what was the missing link and and so we discussed in this paper you know the whole issue of how countries operate within well within their production possibility frontiers and some of the factors which would get countries to move towards and and hopefully be able to even move those production possibilities frontiers and one of the issues that we addressed in this particular paper was the issue of exclusion when people are excluded in in in the production process in the process of participating in the economy then those economies cannot really move forward and as I have been sitting here this morning and reflecting on this whole issue of migration and mobility you would also see I think no doubt that people who feel excluded one way or the other either to education or infrastructure or health care in particular communities are more likely to also move out of those communities whether it's south south or south north and migration ladies and gentlemen and mobility are major human development issues and increasingly are key facets of our increasingly globalized world it is therefore not surprising that these issues are high on the global agenda high on the African agenda and high on the Ghanaian agenda the first national migration policy of Ghana aimed at providing a framework to manage migration for sustainable development was released in 2016 the nice I'm sure everyone is aware that we are continuously monitoring the need for effective policies in this area the program for this conference speaks to many of our key concerns internal migration urbanization internally displaced persons irregular migration and migrant smuggling labor migration return readmission and reintegration of immigrants border management refugees and asylum seekers amongst others we hear a lot on the international stage about South North migration my understanding is that over the next two days you will focus in particular on South South movements which are larger and perhaps more significant in terms of numbers of people involved by the diverse nature of participants at this conference we will hear experiences drawn from many different countries and regions from Asia to Latin America as well as Europe and North America and especially Africa there is a great deal to learn in such international collaboration and research exchange it is most appropriate that this conference is held here at the University of Ghana and at ESSE the Institute of Statistical Social and Economic Research a number of researchers at this university at ESSE and at the Center for Migration Studies and Beyond have been engaged on with issues of migration and national development I am pleased to see many of these researchers collaborating in this conference as panel conveners speakers and participants it is also appropriate and that this conference is jointly organized by UNU wider and African Research University's allies Arua both of which have deep connections at the University of Ghana and indeed here at ESSE Arua is a young organization inaugurated just two years ago in Dakar but it brings together 15 of Africa's leading universities with a mandate to develop local research excellence through collaboration to find solutions to the development problems of Africa this is a mandate I proudly and enthusiastically endorse and it is a mandate that is reflected in the agenda for this conference UNU wider has for 30 plus years exercised research leadership on issues of equitable development and structural transformation this conference clearly demonstrates UNU wider's strength in bringing together researchers and policymakers from across the world to share experiences of what works and what can be done better before assuming my current office I contributed to a study to one of UNU wider's projects on recent Ghanian on the recent Ghanian experience with oil discovery and macroeconomic management so I'm happy to welcome the UNU wider staff here in Accra Ghana is a strong believer in the values of the United Nations and as an institution of the United Nations University UNU wider exemplifies success in mobilizing research and promoting dialogue to bring fresh ideas to the policy table thank you to Arua thank you to UNU wider and thank you all for coming to Accra I look forward very much to the outcome of your deliberations over the next two days thank you for your attention


I am being overrun by custom Yu-Gi-Oh Packs! What's up guys, we're back with another epic video and I have more custom Yu-Gi-Oh Packs. People have been sending me these like crazy. So now I have 10 of the Prismatic Archive Mystery Packs from Master of Blue Eyes by Dragon. So we're gonna open these up today. It's non-stop. We are getting flooded by them, but I always enjoy opening them, so this should be pretty fun. We're also opening some ghosts from the past too and everything that we pull in this video, including ghosts from the past too, will be given away to you guys. So if we get a ghost rare, it's yours. If we get something like a Prismatic out of these Prismatic Archive Mystery Packs, it's yours. Just make sure to like the video, be subscribed to our notifications, and let's get into the opening. We have a little note here. Dear Ruxen, I hope all is well. I just want to say thanks for all that you've done for the community. You have grown to be a huge inspiration myself and the community. Thank you very much. I would like for you to have some of my OCG Prismatic Archive Mystery Packs. They're OCG. Okay, interesting. That I made thanks to SausTZG, who inspired me to make these. SausTZG, the guy who sent us a lot of epic mystery products and stuff like that. Made 200 packs, there are 104 left. Each pack contains three comments, one Super and an Ultra, and one Prismatic or possible Chase card. Enjoy your packs. So here's the list. Extra Secret Chase Cards, a Max C and Bloods Ultimate Dragon. Very cool. Starlight, Decode Target Heat Solt, Cyber Dragon Infinity, Outlast Rebellion Dragon, Red Eye Super Nova. Okay, I'm not going to read all of them. You guys can check all of these, but that's all the stuff we can get. Let's see what we can pull. By the way, it's all being given away to you guys. And speaking of giveaways, I'm announcing those in the YouTube Community tab, but I haven't done it yet. At the time of this video, it will be very soon. I'm pretty far behind, so I apologize for that. But go check out the YouTube Community tab. If you haven't seen it in like the last month, then I haven't done it yet. Should be soon. All right. Let's start off with a ghost from the past two pack. Also make sure to check out the Twitch stream, because we have been going crazy over there. It's been pretty awesome. Sky Calvary, very cool. And Vision Hero, Vyan, doing a lot of epic streams over there. Five days a week, weekdays. So go check it out. Go give me a follow, link in the description. Let's pull something amazing. Vision Hero, Element Zero, Nios Kluger and Shadow Valkyrie. All right. Now let's try one of these. OCG Prismatic Archive. Let's see if we can pull something good. I'm not going to really know, because it's OCG. You guys know how it is. OCG, I don't know all the cards. Wait, this is an OCG. This is Korean. That is different. That is not OCG. All right. So this is also Korean. Wait, are these all Korean? Korean is not OCG. I mean, I guess technically it is, but is it technically? I don't know. Is it technically OCG? I thought OCG was only Japan. I don't know. It could be wrong. And okay, so we got a Dragon Master Knight. So these are Korean cards, which is a little bit different than Japanese cards. That's for sure. Interesting, Dragon Master Knight. Okay, from the 15th anniversary set. Very cool. Let's go to the next one. We have Code Generator Sandwich, Protector of the Ages Moon, Yazi, and Track Black. Very, very nice. Yeah, the main difference between Korean and Japanese. Japanese usually have a lot more value than Korean cards. Korean, they've reprinted everything recently, as you guys know. 2019, LOB and everything just straight up reprinted it. Nirvana Hypaladin and Ghostric Mary. Very cool. So far, it goes from the past. Pretty average. Let's go to our next pack. Let's see if we can pull something actually good from here. Because Dragon Master Knight was pretty cool. So yeah, these look like they're going to be Korean cards. So didn't really realize that, but that's so pretty cool. Also, we've got, oh, we got something big back there. What is this? A Rush Duel card? Wait, what? Okay, what kind of rarity is this? It's like blue on the borders. You guys see that? And then an emergency teleport. That's a beautiful card. Secret, prismatic-ish, rare, whatever you call that. And then that. Those are really pretty cards. Okay, that's pretty sick. All right. Pretty sick pulls so far. Let's see what else we can get. We can get that blue as Ultimate Dragon, which would be pretty sick. I think that's the Starlight looking one. Fossil Machine. Well, it's not really Starlight. It's like silvery kind of. It's got like a silver border. I don't know how to describe it to be honest, but it's pretty sick. All right. Let's keep going. Let's see if we can get a Go-Share for you guys. Ooh, Chronicle Magician and Victoria. All right. Next OCG pack. Korean pack is what we're going to call. Let's see what we can pull. Prismatic Archive. Will we archive the Prismatic we've got? Caribo. We've got, wait, whoa. Is that a regular old common from the old days? Look, it looks a lot different. You can tell. Okay. Tuning. A Mega Fleet and another Blue Eyes. What's it called? Not Blue Eyes Ultimate. Dragon Master Knight. There we go. Another Dragon Master Knight. So we've pulled two of those so far. That's pretty cool. Next pack, Ghosts from the Past 2. Let me know how you guys are doing today in the comments. I want to hear from you guys. Let's see what this Go-Share will be. I'm sure you'll be doing great if we pull a Go-Share. There's a Galaxy Soldier. Very good card. And a Despian Tragedy. Very nice. Let's see what we can pull. What shall we do? Go-Share. The Agent of Force. We've got Despia. Ooh, the Protector of the Ages Moon and a number 60. That's a pretty good card. I think, is the next new set coming out? Is it August? So is there anything in July? Well, there's, of course, Legendary Duelist 3, which has, I did talk about on my second channel, Ruxen Live. Go check out Ruxen Live if you haven't seen it already. Go see that. We got some epic videos over there. All right. So we got Amazon's Chain Master. We've got, they have a common for Spooky Dogwood. Okay. We've got a tour guide. That's actually pretty cool. And the Chaos Sorcerer guy. That's named the Magician of Blackass. There we go. I got it. I'll figure it out eventually. And then a tour guide. Very nice. Super rare. Still some more packs to go. Ghost from the past two. Let's see what we can pull. So we have not pulled a Go-Share out of here in a while. We got a number 38 in Crystal Beasts Rainbow Dragon. Also a good card. We've got the Chimeritech Mega Fleet. Next pack. Will it be a Go-Share? Because so far we have not gotten a Go-Share out of this case. I don't think we've got a Chronicle Magician, Vampire Duke and the Agent of Wisdom Mukiri. Now we have the Prismatic Archive. Let's go. What shall we pull? Wait, what? Wait, what? Is this a bonus card? Wait, do we hit something good? Is that what that means? There was an extra card in there. I guess we'll find out. It's Double Sleeve. We've got, okay, four cards. We've got a Terraforming Super Rare. Very nice. Now we have this Double Sleeve card. What does this mean? Oh, it is a Prismatic. It's the, I don't know how to describe it, but it's like the Silver Rarity I was talking about. Check this out. This crazy rarity on the edges. You guys see that? It looks super sick. There's a Blue Eyes Ultimate Dragon in here as well, or like this version. I don't know what this card is though. What card is this? All right, so that's a pretty epic pull. We'll take that. We're liking this. Let's keep going. Let's see what else we can pull. Uh-oh. Throwing stuff everywhere. We've got the Mathematech, the Tinyee, Protector of the Angels Moon, Track Black, and the Shadow Vampire. Nothing too crazy there. We've got another one. We've got another pack. This pack is going to bless us with something amazing. I could go share a box of friends, Elemental Hero, Neos, Cleaver, Despot 001, and Princess Cologne. Okay, next, Prismatic Archive. Let's see. Will we get... Oh, we got another one. Or we got something else? I don't know what it is. It might not be gray, but it is in another sleeve of its own. We've got a... Oh, that looks cool. A Harpy's Pet Dragon. We've got that, the E-emergency call. This is like VW, of course. And then, I don't know what card that is. That is like Fallen Paradise, actually, I think. Okay, maybe I do know it. All right, let's see what this card is. Ooh, it's another one of those shiny cards. What card is this, though? This actually looks really cool. Okay, we got another shiny card. That's pretty sick. Looking good, looking good. All right, back-to-back of those Silver Prismatic cards. I think that's pretty good. I think that's a good thing to get those. We've got the Go, the Contract, and the Plunder Patrol ship. Bran from Game of Thrones. Let's see what the next pack will have. Will it have a Ghost Rare? Because so far, we've not pulled an agent of creation. Number 97, that's not bad. And Shadow of Empire. We've still got four more Prismatic Archive packs. So far, we've had some good pulls. Okay, nothing in terms of a different sleeve here. So let's see what else. We got a V-Tiger jet. We've got a Harpy's Feather Duster. That's actually pretty sick. The original TP art. Not a... I don't know if this came before or not, but it was an old art. We've got the Grasslick Screener. And, ooh, Dark Magician, the Dragon Knight. No, Dark Magician Knight. Dark Knight, Dark... The Magician Dark Knight. I don't know what that is. It's something like that. I just don't remember exactly what it is. Let's see what this Ghost Rare will bless us with. We've got a Retaliant Sea. We've got a Dark Magician, the Dragon Knight. There's the one I kept saying. And then a Motor Shell. Okay. Who is it? Dark Magician Knight? Is that all it is? That's simple. I think that might be it. Simone Kepler. We've got a Fossil Machine. Visionary Ferris. There's a very good pull. And then a Red Beard with a Yazzie. Nice as well. Back to these. Will we pull another card that I can't remember the name? Let's see. Let's find out. Let's see what we can pull. I believe that we can do this. We have a... Not a Harpy's Feather Storm, but it reminds me of that. We got a Widow Anchor. We've got Dark World Lightning. We've got... That's the Zork Ritual card. And another one. We pulled this again. The Dark Magician Knight. I think that's what it's called. It's Dark Magician Knight. Mini Paxi... Not Mini Pax, actually. Like, six packs to go. Let's go. Alter Geist. Baxio. We got Riza. Dark Contract and Pendulum area. Don't worry. Still three more Ghosts from the past. We can do this. We got Despia. Number 38. Dedede Vice King or Requiem. And we go Street Mummy. No big deal there. Two more of the Prismatic Archives. Can we pull something good? Can we pull something epic? Oh! Oh, maybe we did! I kind of don't like how it's spoils it like that, but also, like, it gets you excited when you see it. We've got... Oh, a Ghost Mourner and Moonlit Chill. Very nice. It's a nice pull. And finally, will it be the Blue Eyes Ultimate Dragon? Let's see! Oh, it's a Tuning! Oh, is that a Prismatic? Oh, this is a Prismatic instead of a... Whatever that other one's called. So we got a Prismatic Rare Tuning. Oh, that's pretty, yeah. This is a pretty expensive card in English. I'm assuming in Korean it's not too crazy, but Prismatic Rare is probably the best, you know, rare you're going to get out of this card. Wow, that's minty, too. That is really nice. Three more packs to go. So far, our pills have been pretty decent out of the Prismatic Packs, but nothing Ghost Rare-wise. We got the increase. We haven't even pulled, like, a regular old or Luber or anything like that. We haven't pulled a Halka Fibrax. Like, what is going on here? Falsal Warrior Skull Knight, just nothing. That was a dud of a special edition. There's a few good cards. Finally, we're going to end on the Prismatic Archive. Mystery pack. Let's see what we can do. Will we get something in the final pack? We have, okay, nothing is showing up outside of the pack. Let's see what else. Okay, VW. We got the, what is this guy's name? Like, range or something like that? I can't remember. Slide for the Sky Dragon. Cool card, but I don't think it's that great. Oh, Dark Magic Attack.  Another really, really cool card. So, all right, those are not too bad. If you guys want to win all those cards, make sure to enter the giveaway. Also, if you enjoyed the video, make sure to subscribe to the channel for more epic content like this. Shout out to TCG Trust Cards Tone Fall Show, Tomato Juice, Daxter JT Show, Clinton Fitzgerald 87, Brett Palmer, Puffins Doom, Ernesto D'Anda, Stanley Mimegeko, Ian Moosa, Junior Barty, John Nolan, Anandatai Show, and Tom McLean. Thank you guys for supporting this channel, and I'll see you guys next time. Peace.


I will be reading Ape by Russell Edson.  I've had enough monkey, cried Father. You didn't eat the hands. And I went to all the trouble to make onion rings for its fingers, said Mother. I'll just nibble on its forehead, and then I've had enough, said Father. I stuffed its nose with garlic, just like you like it, said Mother. Why don't you have the butcher cut these apes up? You lay the whole thing on the table every night. The same fractured skull, the same singed fur, like someone who died horribly. These aren't dinners. These are post-mortem dissections. Try a piece of its gum. I've stuffed its mouth with bread, said Mother. Ugh, it looks like a mouthful of vomit. How can I bite into its cheek with bread spilling out of its mouth, cried Father. Break one of the ears off, they're so crispy, said Mother.  Even a jockstrap, screamed Father. Father, how dare you insinuate that I see the ape as anything more than simple meat, said Mother. Well, what's with this ribbon tied in a bow on its privates, screamed Father. Are you saying that I am in love with this vicious creature? That I would submit my female opening to this brute? That after we had love on the kitchen floor, I would put him in the oven after breaking his head with a frying pan, then serve him to my husband, that my husband might eat the evidence of my infidelity?


okay guys we have a camera over here we have whoops a GoPro there with the shield on it the cover the case and we have a microwave here on a stand that's plugged in with a can of ocean spray cranberry sauce you know what's coming next don't you stay tuned we're going to turn this microwave on I'm going to three different camera angles I'm gonna have this camera pointing on it we've got the one behind me so we've got two side views and one front view okay and we're gonna see what happens okay so something happened to the microwave it ain't doing nothing I'm gonna have to figure that out first it kicked on and by the time I come out it must have kicked off might be a fuse inside there let's find out and then we'll go from there round two let's try this again hi guys so that was a fail the can failed and it was just leaking out and it started raining so that's not gonna work I put an egg in there so it took about eight minutes for that egg to explode that was pretty fun I can't believe it blew the door open though let's do it again so there you go don't ever put an egg in a microwave that's only a 700 watt and so if you had like a 1200 watt 1100 watt 1500 watt it'd be much quicker and probably much more intense they say you can poke a hole in the egg shell and do that but I wouldn't even chance it after seeing that that just that would make one hell of a mess and if you were standing in front of it that egg that egg coming out at you would really burn you severely see that's 700 watts I mean it's just a mess so don't ever put an egg in the microwave she better admit the man a legend I'm gone for now bye bye guys stay tuned for more microwave videos take care


In this lesson, we're going to look at flow control. Now think about Julia as a language in which you write lines of code and every line gets executed one after the other.   Now think about a little raft going down a river. The river forks and the raft can go down one of the forks and you can force it to go down one or the other. This is a very special kind of river because we can also have tiny little loops where the little rafters goes round and round. Now this is all called flow control. We can control the flow of execution and let's have a look what we're going to see in this lesson. We're going to talk about the easiest one perhaps, just branching our code through ternary operators, executing something or not executing something or at least executing something else by a ternary operator Boolean switches. We're going to have a look at the very useful if else if else end conditions, the four end loops. We're going to have a look at compound expressions and then while end loops. Let's start off with by looking at the ternary expressions. Now we're going to use what is called the term ternary operator. And you can see there it is a question mark. Now in this for this lesson you'll see the code's already been written out. It's just that in some places we're going to get to multiple lines of code and I don't want to have to type all of those and waste some of your valuable time that way. So we're going to have the code here which you can work along with. So first of all I'm going to create this variable called a computer variable. It's going to call be called a it's this little space in memory and inside of it I'm going to put a value which is 10 at this moment, which is an integer. So if I run that line of code what Julia will do in the notebook, it's going to print to the screen this output 10. Now here comes the ternary operator and it works like this. First of all, there's my ternary operator. You see the question mark and there's the colon. So what does it do? To the left of the ternary operator is the question that we ask. Is a larger than 10? Now remember a is just a computer variable. It holds a value and at the moment that value is 10. So the question there is really is 10 larger than 10? Now after the ternary operator is the two branches that the program can now take. So the first one is if this question is true and then the colon and what comes after the colon is what to do if the ternary operator returns a false. So you can well imagine that this is false, 10 is not more than 10. It's actually equal to 10 so it's not going to execute this first lot. It's going to execute the second lot. At the moment by this lot, I mean it's just a string of text. I can put anything in here, some more code to be executed, etc. I'm just using a string here as an example. So let's run this line, this cell of code and indeed it's no, it's not. That's what's executed and it's just because it's a string. If I put other words in there, those words would have been printed. It's just that the second lot or the lot after the colon gets executed if this is false. So if I change this to a is larger than or equal to 10, well 10 is equal to 10. So it's the first lot here, the yes it is string that is going to be executed and indeed it is. Yes, this is a different way of doing it. I can write everything in one line, r equals one and s equals two. So two computer variables, one called r, one called s, and each of them is going to contain an integer value with r having the value one and s the value two. I've put the semicolon there just to write everything on one line and the semicolon there is going to suppress the output to the screen. Look what happens. If I run that, we just see a change to four. There was no, the code was not written to screen. So here we have this print line statement, print ln. It's not particularly useful perhaps in the notebook, more useful in the REPL, in the terminal window if you run Julia there. But again, whatever is in these little brackets and the parentheses are going to be executed, it was going to be printed at least. And it is a ternary operator that is going to be executed here. It asks, is r less than s? Of course it is, so it's going to print this first thing to the screen. If not, it's going to print the second one and indeed one is less than two. So we know it is less, that is going to be executed and there we go. Just look at the difference though, because it's print line, it's printing it without the quotation marks whereas here it did print as quotation marks. Again, as I say, not a huge difference here in the notebook. Is r greater than s? And of course no, it's not going to be if I run that line of code. Just to show you here basically the print line output that gets rid of those quotation marks when it does print to the screen. Next up, we're going to look at Boolean switches.


Chef was given the crab treatment ha ha indeed indeed gang. I'm gonna do my little intro I'm down the bottom. We're gonna do it quick. I'm on patreon substack subscribe star You can follow the work there for those of you that are working supporting this work on patreon substack and On twitch gang. Thank you very much for the support You do have a still handful of people supporting us on censor tube as well gang Thank you very much for the support Unfortunately, we won't be able to load this full live stream onto censor tube because open discussion We're gonna be talking about things that censor tube does not allow and they're Closing narrowing Putting in more censorship, right? So at some point we're gonna have to do the intro Within two minutes to be able to load it on censor tube because even some of the things we just said We might come back six months from now a few weeks from now a few months from now a couple of years from now censor tube might say oh Red flag this intro video as the way they've done with other creators Saying that oh the video they uploaded like eight years ago Went against their terms of service and they killed the channel, right? Just letting you guys know if you're only consuming content on censor tube your world is gonna get smaller and smaller Smaller to a level where you're gonna be walking around with this kind of puke label on everything you buy Because the nanny state is gonna try to protect you from life Right just letting you know and for those of you that want to watch this These discussions whatever we do live. We're Livestreaming on rumble and on twitch. You can join us on rumble and on twitch I'm gonna put the rumble chat up. I forgot. There we go. Nice. Oh, no, there's chat here Plutonic Plurus and Elder God on our rumble and what we got holiday statistics. How are you doing in?  Okay. I got the rumble chat chat going as well Sorry, I forgot to put that up again. I got to keep it keep it going. I Got to be able to pin this Can I pin this? Haven't been able to and gang for those of you on rumble Haven't figured out how to elder God haven't figured out how to appoint a mod on rumble I asked around looked around. I couldn't find anything. So if you guys know hook us up on Gilded let me know we have a server where you can join a community share information Would definitely appreciate it. Okay Photo vault takes last year Obama said he was 61 this year. He says he's 62. Which is it Obama?  Man Man, oh man gang. I'm gonna get back on SoundCloud and I'll slowly Upload the podcast there. I might switch up the podcast locations To Substack, we'll see we'll see because every year SoundCloud is costing me like 180 dollars or something US To keep those podcasts going So trying to cut back on expenses, but we see gang. We're on Twitter. We're on mines We're on getter. We're on VK. We're on gab And we're on substack notes and we'll see what else we end up Loading on there Joining as well. Okay. Welcome to our live stream for those of you on sensor to gang I'm sorry We can't upload this full live stream on sensor to the link to the full live stream It'll see chi It'll see Chio. It'll see Chio. It'll see Chio. Thank you very much for the follow. Where's my cognac? Salute. Salute. Welcome to our live stream delicious cognac So good. So good Links in the description of this video Where the full last stream will be available on bitchy rumble and Odyssey


Vocabulary and Reading, Exercise 1 Vocabulary study through context. These lessons are designed to teach you vocabulary in context through exercises. Each lesson consists of a short reading about a U.S. state and provides 10 common words at the intermediate level. American Art in Delaware Part 1 Pre-Reading What do you know about art in general? How do people preserve art for the future? What kinds of people like to collect art? What types of things do you like to collect? If you had some valuable artwork, what would you do with it? This article is about preserving art and history from early American culture. Part 2 Here are the words you will see in this article. Read them for pronunciation. Antique Assemble Century Decorative Estate Fortune Air Inferior Patriotic Textile Do you know any of these words already? Part 3 Mash the words on the left with the definitions on the right. Come together Meat Fabric Cloth Woven material Good or bad luck Fate Having feelings of devotion toward one's country Object priced for its age Of lower or lesser quality One who inherits from a parent Ornamental With artistic design Period of 100 years Property, land, and possessions Take time to read the article American Art in Delaware For the reading, pause the video and click on the link in the description below. You may wish to read it out loud for pronunciation. How was your reading? Talk about what you learned with your partner or teacher. Use some of the vocabulary words from Part 2. Want to try the quiz again? Pause the video. Here are the answers to today's vocabulary exercise. Antique Object priced for its age Century Period of 100 years Decorative Ornamental With artistic design Estate Property, land, possessions Fortune Good or bad luck Fate Air One who inherits from a parent Inferior Of lower or lesser quality Patriotic Having feelings of devotion toward one's country Textile Fabric, cloth, woven material Assemble Come together Or meet Come back and review these words often. And remember to check out our other videos for reading and vocabulary practice. Thanks for watching. Our websites will help you even more with English language study.


Hi, my name is Sandy Baird, and this is what's happening, which occurs once a month approximately, where these experts get to comment on current affairs and everything that's bothering our country, and in fact the world, since our country seems to a lot bother the world. This is Ian Stokes with me, and Mark Estrin, and I'm Sandy Baird, and I guess what we're going to start with today is this controversy about guns. Is that right? Or what? Oh, why not? It's certainly happening today. It's certainly going on. It came to my mind about guns, is that this United States still has what's called a Second Amendment, and we are one of the only countries in the world which probably, first of all, has a Constitution in the first place, and second, has a Bill of Rights, and in that Bill of Rights is the Second Amendment, which guarantees to the people, and there's a controversy about whether people organized in a militia or people themselves have a right to bear arms. And the latest case out of Washington D.C. in the Supreme Court, which was the Heller case, seems to indicate that the court at least at this point feels that individual citizens have the right to bear arms. I would also mention that the right to bear arms is outlined in the Vermont Constitution, and that Vermont Constitution was adopted before the Constitution of the United States. In the Vermont Constitution, it's even much clearer. People under the Vermont Constitution here in this wonderful state have the right to bear arms, but they also have the right not to bear arms, which I think is probably the best kind of definition of the right to bear arms. It also includes the right not to bear arms. I would argue that that means that people don't have to be drafted, but I might be wrong about that. So anyway, let's talk about guns, right? What do you guys think? Since the United States is British, maybe he would have a different take on the Second Amendment, right? Well, it doesn't apply, of course. And guns are much more heavily regulated in the U.K. I mean, in just about every country, I suppose. In the world. Other than the U.S. is one of the least regulated, I suppose. And the regulation is done through legislation, and there's currently a flurry of legislation going through states, legislators, and also in Washington, D.C., relating to the possession and access of guns. So whether those are constitutional or not, maybe, is one issue. But perhaps equally or more important is the question, will they solve the problem? The problem being gun violence, of which mass shootings are the component of gun violence that grabs the headlines and apparently provokes response in legislators. Well, Britain doesn't even have a constitution, a written constitution. Is that also correct? It's not written. Right, right, right. So the United States certainly probably was the first republic that had a constitution. I'll bet you. Not certain maybe the old Italian city-states had constitutions, but the United States certainly was the first republic that I know that had a constitution and most specifically had a bill of rights, which of course are the rights that are guaranteed to individual citizens against the tyranny of government, right? So yeah, so this constitution and its amendments are, they all happened quite a long time ago. So this raises the question, are they pertinent to this? Well, it's the right to free speech, pertinent. The right to worship, as you wish, or not. The right to assemble or not. The difference relating to free speech of course is the availability of internet and the means that people have now to broadcast their thoughts and their speech to much wider audience. And the difference relating to the bearing of arms is the technology of weapons that... Is that such a huge difference? Well, I think the technology has produced a number of changes, so that now although one can possess a hunting rifle, one can't possess, I believe, a running rocket propelled grenade or a tactical nuclear weapon. There are restrictions. There are restrictions have been introduced in response to this. I don't think it's specifically around nukes though. I don't believe that. But you're right, there have been some regulations on guns. Anyway, so Mark, what's your take? There's a couple of things we're talking about. Your take on the Second Amendment. Correct. The decision that the Supreme Court made was in 2008, so it's sort of instructive that it's only this absolute certainty that it's only 10 years old that is on a legal level. And before that, it was everybody, it was a free-for-all, and probably still is because who would expect the Supreme Court with the balance of the Supreme Court being there to argue any other way in 2008 about whether there's a distinction between being part of a well-regulated militia and just being an individual in which way what that was referring to. I personally think it's quite clear that it had to do with militias and militias directed at two things. One of which was slavery, that putting militias, having armed militias, was a way to keep the slaves from rebelling. And in fact, it was a demand of the slave states, the slave owners, that that would be the case. The second one was, as you mentioned, was the extermination of Indians. Our self-defense as it was probably felt at the time. And it certainly wasn't related so that all of these people with guns could revolt against the government, could protect themselves against the government, which is part of what people are saying now with the reason that they need to be able to individually hold guns aside from the break-in at the house or the solution to bad guys with guns as good guys with guns. And it's quite incoherent what people are talking about. And I think so the whole question about the Second Amendment and whether or not the as currently constituted Supreme Court, politically appointed Supreme Court, has any metaphysical reality. It has a political reality, it has a legal reality, but whether in the case of... It has a constitutional reality also. Well, that's what I'm calling a legal. But whether in the case of the well-being of humanity or larger issues on which the Republic was founded, like the best state of the people, it isn't clear that it has anything to do with anything. Okay, I would disagree with that. But what about you, Ann? Remember that I wish we had brought our constitutions because in the Second Amendment it says something like to guarantee a free state. People have the right to bear arms. And so I would disagree with Mark on a couple of levels. Well, we regulated militia. I would know. It's comma, but also there's something else. There's something else. And that is regardless of whether you like the present court or you don't. The present court has said that it is an individual right, regardless of what we think about that court. And I don't... It's the court. What do I... You know, there's been political decisions made by the court all the time, but you have to obey them. Oh, not necessarily. No, you don't have to, but it's troublesome if you don't end up in jail about it. But I mean, I like to be pragmatic and ask the question. End up in court about it. What? End up in court about it. Right. Yeah. First step to jail. Yes. Second step. Right. You do have the right to have a jury trial, too. Go from jail to court. But, you know, I think we have to ask what are we going to use these guns for? You know, what was the original intent of the Second Amendment? It was sort of a collective self-defense, I suppose, and now... Well... It was also to rebel against the English Empire, which was the largest empire on earth. They had plenty of guns. So the American felt, and I think rightly so, that they also had the bare arms against the English Empire. But there are now more than... I think it's 285 million guns in private hands in the U.S. And so what do they get used for? What hunting? What's the purpose? So hunting is one we're definitely aware of in Vermont. Self-defense is one we're aware of. Individual and defending, protecting one's family, that's another one. There are several others. You know, there's joining a militia. I'm not too sure what those militias are meant to do. Well, the militia, I think legally the militias became... The militias that were formed in the American Revolution became the National Guard. Okay, yeah. And the National Guard used to be for the defense of the state and to help in disasters. Then it was federalized. It's now become part of the federal government. Right. And that's a shame, it seems to me. I mean, you know, there are other uses of guns, and one of them is committing crimes. Correct. Another one is suicide. That's, I think, a fairly common method of committing suicides, use of guns. So, you know, there are many aspects to this. Mass shootings actually is a small one, but, of course, it terrorizes the whole population or, you know, huge numbers of people whenever it happens. The numbers I saw recently were that assault weapons maybe correlated with the number of incidents of mass shootings and also the number of fatalities. That was difficult, of course, to argue cause and effect. But the increase, there's been a recent increase in the number of incidents and fatalities in mass shootings so that in the last decade since assault weapons became available again, the number of fatalities has been about 300. So, well, 30 a year. So it's actually a relatively small number of fatalities, though it has those, of course, random occurrences from the point of view of the victims and they have a huge effect on them. Okay, but I'll give you my position, which is not particularly pro-gun. But I would argue if you take away guns from citizens, then guess what? The government has all the guns. And the government uses those guns in a lot of ways that are also mass shootings. That's called war. So there's a simple solution in my opinion is that is to take away those kinds of weapons from everybody. And I think you could do that constitutionally. You could argue that the government simply shouldn't give contracts to places like Lockheed to produce them in the first place. But that would be constitutional, wouldn't it? Do you see anything wrong with that or anything that even smacks of the gun control of citizens? I was really interested the other day that Trump said something that I believe will eventually happen. Will. And he, I think, made a big mistake because he got in trouble with the NRA. But he said, let's take away people's guns without legal process. Right? Okay, so how would that end up? We say, oh, good, that's a great idea. Prior to due process. Prior to due process. Prior to due process. In other words, the government has the right to take away your guns, leaving them with all the guns. In particular situations. I'm not certain he even said that. No, they described, I think, five different situations. For instance, and it seemed typical to me when police are called to a home in which there's domestic violence and there's a weapon. Okay, so there's an incidence of domestic violence. When the police arrive, there's another principle in our constitution, right? Which is an incredibly important constitution, right? You arrive at a scene with domestic violence, you don't, that person has not been convicted of anything at that point. He has not been convicted. So he, I'm using that word carefully because in general it's the male that is committing the violence, but not always. Okay, so the police arrive and guess what they do-do. And that is constitutional. They cite that person into court where the evidence is overwhelming that he did it. They cite him into court and then he or she get convicted of a crime. At that point, if it's a felony, they can't have guns anyway. It leaves out the scenario where there's someone waving a gun. And guess what happens in those situations, Mark? Or a shovel has occurred in the new north end. What happens in those situations, or a spatula? What happens the cops shoot them? Period. So then what's the solution? The solution, it seems to me, if we're really worried about, particularly about assault weapons and the weapons of war, I agree that assault weapons are the weapons of war. They're not a weapon that you should have anywhere on earth, including in the hands of soldiers. Well, I certainly agree with that. The large, you know, my sense is, I saw this somewhere, it's cute, but it's also accurate. Guns don't kill people.  Yes, exactly. And the gun, by the way, it's just interesting that we talk about people with rifles. In 1791, when the amendment was written, people didn't have rifles. They had muskets.  And the science of guns made a big breakthrough during the Civil War. And guess what rifle was produced? The Springfield Rifle, my hometown. What a rifle is, is a long gun that has rifling in the barrel. For targeting accuracy. Right, and length. So, I mean, length of shot. So in the middle of the Civil War, around 1863, the entire tactics, military tactics, had to change because the north and through smuggling the south changed over from muskets to rifles. And they no longer could have this face-to-face contact and everything had to be done at a distance. All right, so that's nowhere near the... But that's like 1863 in 1791. It's what the guns that were being written about in the Second Amendment are distant relations in terms of... But it doesn't matter. It does matter. That matters to you. It does not matter in general to the American people. Well, I'm not the American people. I have an opinion. And I agree completely with you that if you step back from this, that it's the guns and the lasers and the nukes and the drones and you talk about 17 kids getting killed, but at the very moment that 17 kids are being killed, 1700 kids are being killed across the world by American weapons. By legal violence. So the call question I think needs to step back to the level at which you're seeing it, but I don't want to insert any... You read today stories about these and these killers and this series of mass killings and mass killings is more than four people and there's six out of seven days that have mass killings. To me, that leaves out the main thing, which is the dependence on violence in the culture and in the politics. And war. Well, war is our politics. We should watch again the Michael Maugh's movie called Bowling for Columbine, where he attempts to... Of course, this comes after the Columbine mass shooting and he's attempting to identify what it is about the United States that seems to attract mass shootings. And he dismisses the... Quite early on, as I remember... Yes, compares Canadian availability of guns. So Canada has availability? Part of that allows him to compare... Or to attempt to correlate availability of guns with their use, the fatalities resulting from their use. And he dismisses that quite early on. The availability of guns is not the thing that correlates with the incidents of gun violence. So there are other things. And he ends up with this argument of it's something about the culture. He can't exactly put his finger on it, though he blames the media for creating a culture of fear and violence. Except the media is blamed for everything. You know, it seems to me... Maybe it's to blame. It somewhat is to blame, I think, currently in stirring up this mass hysteria against Russia. That's, I think, correct. In my view, that's correct. And Russia, of course, is the main superpower that the United States has always been hostile to and has always... It was resurgent, apparently, after several years of... Since 1917, though, even when it wasn't... It was really not resurgent. It was, you know, the victim of great war and violence against Russia. The United States has taken a position that Russia has to have a different kind of government. Really, it's been true since 1917. And so I see most of the media contributing to this attitude that we should be at war with Vladimir Putin and with Russia. And that, I think, is a media... It seems to me, objective, even. Well, go ahead. To some extent, as old as that is, which is, you know, people are afraid the communists are going to come and take your toothbrush away. But Russia's not a communist anymore. I know, I know. But I mean, that's where it started, when it's going through. And you still see the words commies out there in the right and along the, you know... I've heard it myself. That Russia is the main, and Putin is the main Diablo is new. Because things had kind of calmed down. After 9-11, we had a new Diablo, which was terrorism and Muslims. And so since 9-11 and until the 2016 election and the environs, the Russians were not. In fact, they were our partners in some way. And Obama, which I don't have much good to say about, was working to work with Putin. And so the whole Putin-demon thing is new and is essentially, regardless of how we reacted to 1917, is essentially a creation of the megaphone of the mainstream media. Well, not only the mainstream media, but the Democrats. Unfortunately, who are trying to say that that's why Clinton lost. But anyway, Ian, you want to sort of change something? Well, I wanted to go from Russia to North Korea. I mean, one of the unknowns in this newly breaking story about the potential for discussion between Kim and Trump is where are the players lining up? We don't really know where Russia stands on this. We know maybe a little bit more about where China stands, being neighbors of North Korea, of Korea. And we know that it was South Korea that it wasn't the State Department. It wasn't Rex Tillerson. And it won't be, I don't think. It will not be. Yeah, apparently. So it was South Korea that coordinated this development. And of course, has been coordinated, maybe coordinating it for a few weeks since the run-up to the Olympics. Before that, was the election of that President Moon? Well, right, the new president of South Korea. He was elected on the possibility of making peace with North Korea. That was why people voted for him, I believe. Yeah, and created a change in the approach. It was also why people voted for Trump, making peace with Russia. Yes, I know. I know it. Well, Trump doesn't stir up difficulties with Russia so much. Well, Jesse does now. Well, Jesse, I mean, it seems to me that he kind of has to. They turned him around. Yeah, no. Right. Or they took control of him, one or the other. Well, that's the way to turn someone around. And actually, if we're talking about Korea, the Korea comes into the news in the last week or so because it's one of those countries which will be affected by the tariffs that have been proposed. So tariffs, well, is already affected by the, I think the washing machines came, were coming primarily from South Korea. And, but now the steel and aluminum and steel. Korea of South Korea is apparently a fairly major source of steel that we import. And although China was always portrayed as the source of this cheap steel that was flooding our market and therefore deserved some tariffs, it's actually, I think, somewhere like fourth in line. The numbers I saw showed Canada and the EU, the European Union. That's why they're squawking so much, right? Yeah. Yeah. Oh, they're the ones that are primarily affected. I haven't seen the numbers for aluminum, but I imagine Canada is a major source of aluminum because it takes a lot of electricity to refine aluminum. So probably it comes from Canada. So, but Korea was hit with tariffs on wash, on domestic appliances, and now again with steel. So they've been hit twice with economic sanctions, if you want to call it that. And yet at the same time, they're back in the news relating to talks with North Korea. The thing that I think is really interesting about the Koreas is that it confirms something that I really believe in, that peace will only come from ordinary grassroots people. I mean, it's clear to me that the United States doesn't really want peace with Korea. Maybe Trump, maybe he even does, but it doesn't seem to me that the State Department wants peace with the Koreas or Tillerson or any of the kind of establishment states. They simply want to maintain this military posture. But the South Koreans really spoke in the election of President Moon. They want some kind of deal with North Korea. Why wouldn't they?  I mean, who would be hit first, if the United States bombs North Korea, then North Korea is going to bombs South Korea where all our troops are, correct? So the South Koreans have a big interest in peace. They were the ones who pushed the Olympic Games and having a joint team. So it really confirms the idea that sometimes actors don't occur from the top down. Sometimes actions really occur more on a grassroots level. I think it did in recently in Burlington around the F-35s, frankly. And so I think this is terrific news. And the other thing that seems to indicate to me is that the Koreans want to be together. They don't want this division. It was never in a division that they agreed to. They want to have Korea be for the Koreans, both sides, right? And so more immediately, what does North Korea want? I think North Korea wants the same, but I don't think North Korea... First of all, we have to... North Korea wants not to be attacked by the U.S. They want security and they want the sanctions. And they want to be part of the community of nations, I would guess. They want to have some deals that they're not going to be starved about. I mean, these whole economic sanctions is really a war measure, isn't it? I mean, they want to be normal as much as possible. And I would guess that they also want to be reunited with their brothers and sisters. Why not? And they probably, as I know you've told me, Sandy, they're probably looking at what happened in Iraq and what happened in Libya. Both countries were on the way to having nuclear weapons. Probably never really achieved any capability. And what will happen to Iran? Well, potentially, yeah. Right, they are there in the crosshairs, aren't they? Because of their nuclear program, which has been abandoned. Now, or severely restricted, the nuclear program in Iraq was shut down. Did they have a nuclear program? Yeah. And subject to UN inspections, same goes for Libya. Right. And the leaders from that time in both Libya and in Iraq came to a very unpleasant end. Unpleasant end, right. Particularly Qaddafi. And their countries were thrown into chaos, factional fighting. So North Korea doesn't want that to happen now. But they've agreed to put it on the table, which I find right. Did you hear that? That he's agreed to denuclearize. Well, I think you have to read that carefully, because denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula would mean getting the U.S. nuclear threat out. Right. And they haven't agreed. He's agreed to meet. And that that would be on the table, but nothing's been agreed to. And Trump today, I think, said, or somebody said in the administration that there will be no negotiations during this trip that's just going to be talk. Yeah, but so what? I mean, that's huge. No, I agree that it's huge. How long have we been at war with Korea? 53. Yeah. And it wasn't a declared war in the first place. Right. It was just, what was it? A police action. Military action. A police action. Yeah, right. But the division of the Koreas was never anything that the Koreans wanted. The division happened as a result, I believe, of World War II, right? And as a result of, and that occurred in Vietnam, too, the division. I mean, the Koreans are one people, right? Having been occupied by Japan, the Second World War brought an end to the Japanese occupation and required some kind of, you know, replacement of that government. That occupation. I'm taking a class right now on World War II and it seems to me that the minute World War II ended, which is a controversial, like when did it end for, for instance, for Vietnam? When did it end for Korea? It hasn't ended for Korea. Or Germany. Or Germany, right? But it seems to me that many, and I wish that we could talk more length about this at some point, right away that the Cold War began. Right away. And that was events, really, in Korea. And in Vietnam as well. Well, no, it was evinced in the bombing, in the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Right, exactly. That was a signal to the Russians. Yeah, right. That's exactly true. So, but you did want to mention tariffs. I mean, I'm not, is it such, is this really a bad idea, tariffs? Well, what's the deal? Tariffs are an economic measure and economics really isn't a science. You can't predict what's going to happen because there are so many factors relating to human behavior. But I think in general, tariffs relating to international trade can potentially benefit the developing countries more than the developed. And I know, I read a book by originally Korean academic now in Cambridge, England, called Chang, who wrote a book about kicking away the ladder and then another book about the bad Samaritan claiming that tariffs benefited South Korea hugely in the sort of post war reconstruction that they did restrict trade in a way that was beneficial to South Korea. In the U.S.,  Of the early United States, yeah. So why then, why is everybody screaming that this is such a bad idea? I don't know enough about it really to say, but... The attitude with which this is being done is punitive rather than protective. At whom? Whoever we wanted. It's war without war. But it seems to me directed against, as you mentioned, Canada. I thought we were friends with Canada, aren't we? Well, and was that intentional? I mean, the rhetoric, the election rhetoric was against these awful Chinese flooding our markets with cheaper steel. And we're going to excuse Canada and Mexico. So is it really to get after China then? Well, that was the rhetoric, but the action doesn't correspond with that rhetoric. So is it just totally an insane idea or what? That's my question. It doesn't look very smart to me. Or the commentators that I'm reading. Well, anyway, I guess we'll see, right? It seems that the two places, the working class areas that Trump carried in Michigan and Wisconsin seem to be happy with this. That's what was reported today. I suppose we don't have very much time left and we can't leave this program without mentioning what happened in the local elections, which I thought were incredibly interesting on two levels. One, that our present mayor, who's been responsible for so much of the development in this town that's been so controversial, really did not win 51% of the vote. That he was outvoted by 51% of the electorate of Burlington. And that vote was divided between two people. Nevertheless, it was 51% of the vote. And the other thing that was really interesting to me was that the proposal to have the F-35s based here was reputed by the electorate also. And that to me is gun control. Controlling the F-35s is a way to control planes, guns, and in effect, long-term war, right? Except that that wasn't the way it was presented. I know that, but it doesn't... Yeah, I know. And in a certain way, not presenting it that way or keeping that under was part of a strategy that seemed to have worked but wasn't finally very true. It wasn't clear. Well, yeah. Well, the ballot item put in an introductory passage to support for the National Guard. Right. And so... But the idea of avoiding the military consequences, you know, was really down-pedaled. No, I know. I know how it was. Relative to noise. I mean, noise was... No, it wasn't. Other kinds of safety and real estate values... Health. Health and, you know, people... That's all true. But I remember... It was not an anti-war proposal. However, the reason I voted for it was because I would... I view it as an anti-war measure because it was seeking to control the war machine or seeking to control the military-industrial complex. And the politicians, by the way, who cooperate with that, right? It was a real... You don't think it was a rebuke to our politicians, even? Yes, yeah, definitely. But in as much as it was not an anti-war proposal, it was not an anti-war vote. It was a health vote. We don't really know that, do we? It was a community control vote. It was, you know, an anti-Miro and Lehi vote. And Sanders? Yeah, and Sanders. Yeah, those guys. Those guys, yeah. What do you think can be done about it, though? I think our mayor just said that nothing is going to be done. Well, but we'll see. I mean, and the nice thing for me is that the pressure will be put on the terrible five. Which I, oh, Scott too. Right? I forgot about him. What they're going to do that remains identifiable as democracy. And if they completely blow this off, then there'll be consequences. What have they said? Has anybody even heard from them? Yeah, well, Miro has already said he doesn't. And a lot of people along the way have said, look, this is advisory. We'll see what the city council does too. I think we have to look to see what citizens will do. Yeah, definitely. That's where the possibility is. I think we're out of time. Yes. Well, anyway, thank you very much for joining us. We'll be back in another month or so. And meanwhile, I guess, have a nice month.


Hi, everybody. I came to the very first SoCAP, I think it's like 13 years ago, I'm not sure how old this is, 12, 13 years ago, and stood on this stage, and I remember there were, you know, maybe 200 people at the whole thing, and I haven't been back since, and now there's thousands of people here, which is so, so awesome, so great, such a good sign for our world. And it needs to be millions, it needs to be millions. So I'm not an investment manager, I'm not a finance character like all of you are, but I'm someone who's done a lot of work with people and money. And the book I wrote called The Soul of Money is really about my journey as a pro-activist, I call myself a pro-activist rather than an activist, because I'm kind of rooted in what I'm for and not so much in what I'm against, although I see what's in the way, and it's my intention to stay rooted in what I'm for, and then know that we need to hospice the natural death of the structures and systems that stand in the way of what we want, hospice them around and try to kill them. If we hospice them, and I know you're all working on this stuff, they'll die their natural death faster and with more dignity, because they did give us some of the things we needed. But particularly these economic systems that we're all trapped in, it's time to hospice their natural death while we midwife the birth of the structures and systems that you're all creating, with your companies, with your investors, with your heart, with your soul. But not being in your field so much the way you are, and actually I don't know, but I can kind of guess, I learned most of my lessons about money as a pro-activist working on issues of hunger and poverty, empowering women and girls, environmental issues, preserving the Amazon, and working with indigenous people. So a broad range of pro-activism. And a lot of my lessons came from people that I used to call poor. I actually thought they were.  In fact, they're some of the most creative. People living in those kinds of circumstances are some of the most creative, courageous, awesome people on this planet, and I think you probably know what I mean by that, is their whole and complete people, and describing them as poor demeans them and demeans us, because what's poor is not them, but their circumstances, the circumstances they're living in. They're whole and complete. In fact, often more courageous than most of us are going to need in our whole lifetime, just being innovative enough to feed their families, I'm thinking of women in Africa now that I've worked with over the years. There's this labeling we do based on resources when in fact it's the circumstances people are living in rather than them. So these people are not poor.  They may not know how to read or write, but that's not because they're not intelligence, because they've never had that opportunity. So I learned a lot of lessons about money and really about life from people that I used to call poor, and I would never call them that any longer. And I hope you don't either. And then I've learned, because I'm working in what's often called the nonprofit sector, I don't call it that myself, I call it the social profit sector, because we're generating a massive profit. It's a social profit, as are you. I think we all want to be in the social profit sector and not be defined by whether or not we pay taxes. You know, the kind of profit we want to generate at this conference. Yes, financial profit, that's good, but you want to generate a social profit. That's why this is called SOCAP. And I say that word profit can be spelled two ways. P-R-O-F-I-T or P-R-O-P-H-E-T. When I look out there at my friend Lori Meierkort, she is a social profit. She's standing for a future that does not yet exist, but she's living into it with her, the way she lives, the way she thinks, the way she uses her financial resources, the way she invests, and so are all of you. So as a person working in the social profit sector, that is sometimes called a nonprofit sector, but I don't call it that anymore because that's making us the not sector or the not for sector. And I don't like working in the not sector because actually when you think about it, where we all care the most, where we want the most for ourselves, for our future, for our children, for the natural world, for future generations, for the unborn is in that kind of work, the work that creates a social profit rather than only a financial profit. So I've been fundraising all my life since I was five years old, and I'm a little older than that now. I've raised hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of millions of dollars. And I've also had, when you do that, you have the opportunity as you do as investors and investment managers and people running companies to talk to many, many people that I used to call rich. And I realize that label is as debilitating as the label poor, calling a person rich, because they too, you too, all of us are whole and complete people living in the ebb and flow and sometimes tyranny of circumstances that change all the time, financial circumstances that change all the time. And when we label ourselves by our financial circumstances, it separates us. It has us not see the wholeness and completeness of each other. It has us relate to people inaccurately as if there's something less about them or more about them. And particularly when speaking with people living in enormous wealth, flooded with wealth, it seems so attractive, seems like what we all want. As you know, probably many of you, there's huge issues with that, with living in that kind of condition. In fact, what it does is amplify much of the dysfunction rather than resolve it. So that's been my journey with money. And I've also now, working very deeply with Indigenous people who never even knew there was such thing as money. Indigenous people primarily in the sacred headwaters of the Amazon rainforest, the most biodiverse ecosystem on Earth, a system that was like a Noah's Ark during the Ice Age, during the Pleistocene era, where millions and millions of species migrated and made it through that really difficult time on planet Earth. And this particular area of rainforest, about 100 million acres at the base of the Andes, regenerated, repopulated life after the Pleistocene era. And it's pristine and untouched. At Pachamama Alliance, our organization aimed to keep it that way by putting it in permanent protected status. Many of you have helped us with that. And it can regenerate and repopulate the entire Amazon as these other ecosystems, these raging fires, the horrible situation in Brazil is taking place. The Indigenous people there know that if the sacred headwaters stays intact and untouched, the Amazon can be, maybe not in their lifetime, but regenerated. So working with Indigenous people who didn't know there was such a thing as money taught me a whole lot about money and how weird our relationship is with money. How distorted, how dysfunctional, how crazy, how screwed up, really, individually and as an entire society. Because in order for them to maintain and sustain any contact with the outside world, we needed to explain to them about this thing called money, which they say you can't hunt for it, you can't eat it. Why does everybody want it? And they can tell in their encounters with the outside world how crazy people are about money, how addicted we are to money. And so those teachings about money, our relationship with money, led me to really look into the soul of money or our soul in our relationship with money, hence the book, the institute, the soul of money. And I'll just say a couple things about what I've learned and there's so much more I could say. But money actually doesn't belong to us. I mean, really. It belongs to all of us or none of us. It just moves around this planet. We invented it. We invented it and now we're totally at the effect of it. And it moves around this planet much like water. If you think about water, now we're just trying to privatize it unfortunately, but when you just think about it outside of that, water's just moving around the planet and when it flows, when it moves, it can purify, it can make things grow, it can nourish, it can cleanse, it can really make things gorgeous and beautiful. But when it's held or hoarded or stuck, it becomes stagnant and toxic to that entity, that person who's holding on to it. I'm talking about water now. Money is just like that. When we keep it moving and we move it away from fear, and towards love, towards what we love, towards the highest good, which is I think what this whole conference is about, that's the source of true prosperity. So money is like water. That's why we call it a currency. It's a current. And right now, I'm just going to tell you that I think the most important thing that we can do with money is be known not for what we accumulate, but for what we allocate. Where we allocate it. Where we send it. And I want to share this Cherokee prophecy. I try to share everywhere I go, even if I just have a short talk to give like today. Because women know a lot about water, and women know a lot about money. In this flow way that I'm talking about. Moving it towards the highest good. So the Cherokee prophecy says that the bird of humanity has two great wings. A male wing and a female wing. The male wing has been fully extended for centuries. But the female wing hasn't yet fully extended in any of us, men and women. So it's been truncated. It's been half-hearted. It hasn't fully expressed itself. While the male wing, in order to keep the bird of humanity afloat, has become overdeveloped, over muscular, and in fact has become violent. So the bird of humanity for centuries has been flying in circles. And this is the century the Cherokee people say.  I call this the Sophia century, the 21st century, when women will take their rightful role in co-equal partnership with men and the world will come back into balance. But also the female, the feminine, in all of us will become fully expressed. The male in all of us that maybe has gotten overdeveloped, over muscular and in fact aggressive and violent, will begin to relax and the bird of humanity will soar. May we fly together into a new future out of this conference, out of the work we're doing, out of our lives, into a humanity that soars. Thank you.