A warm welcome to the Indian News Analysis by Shankar IA's Academy. These are the list of news articles that is chosen for today's discussion. They are given along with the page numbers of different editions. Also, the link for the handwritten notes in PDF format and the time stamp ink for the discussed articles are provided in the description box as well as in the comments section for the benefit of mobile phone viewers. So now let us move on to the analysis of the first news article. Now look at this news article based on a recent study. It has been found that vulture populations are on a rise in the tiger reserves that are located in Tamil Nadu. So in this context, let us know about vultures. See, there are nine recorded species of vultures in India and these nine species includes the Oriental White-Bat, Long-Built, Slender-Built, Himalayan, Red-Headed, Egyptian, Bearded, Cinerous and the Eurasian Gryphon. Of the recorded species, the Oriental White-Bat, Long-Built, Red-Headed vultures and Slender-Built vultures are critically endangered whereas the Egyptian vulture is listed as endangered while the Himalayan, Bearded and Cinerous vultures are near threatened. Know that in our country, the protection status of White-Bat, Long-Built and Slender-Built vultures was recently upgraded from Scheduled 4 to Schedule 1 of the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. So in this regard, let us quickly understand the significance of this particular move. See, Schedule 1 of the Wildlife Protection Act covers endangered species that need rigorous protection and these species are endowed protection from poaching, killing, trading, etc. and a person who indulges in these activities is liable to the harshest punishment under this particular schedule. See, these species under their schedule are prohibited to be hunted throughout India except under threat to human life or in case of a disease that is beyond recovery. Whereas those species that are not endangered are included under Schedule 3 and Schedule 4 of the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 and this includes protected species with hunting prohibited but the penalty for any violation is less when compared to the first two schedules. So with this we can understand that the vultures are better protected under this Act. Note that the information on the protection status of the listed vultures is given below so aspirants can go through it. Now coming back, see earlier former environment minister in a written reply to a parliament had said that the vulture population has declined over 99% compared to the 1980s trend. See apparently in the 1980s there were around 40 million vultures in India primarily belonging to the three species which includes the whitebacked vulture, long-built vulture and slender-built vulture. And if you see as of 2017 this number has dwindled to a paltry of 19,000. So let us now try to understand the reasons for this shocking decline. See there is a medicine called dichlofenac sodium. It is a commonly prescribed medicine for pain and fever for us. This particular medicine belongs to a class of drug called non-seroidal anti-inflammatory medicines or NSAIDs in short and this particular drug is given to a cattle for postpartum pain management. So what happens is when the cattle passes away this particular drugs remains in the system of the cattle.  So this means that they also ingest dichlofenac. See in vultures this dichlofenac sodium drug it leads to renal failure and eventually the vultures die. So this is one of the leading threat to vultures and apart from this there are also other threats like power distribution lines. And if you remember the power lines were also threatening the population of great Indian buster which is another critically endangered species. Now apart from this dichlofenac drug and power distribution the poison bates, windmills are also threatening the population of vultures in India. Now taking cognizance of that grave situation India has taken various steps to recover the vultures from the brink of extension. So in order to conserve the remaining population of vultures in the country and also to facilitate the reintroduction of vultures into the wild from the vulture conservation breeding centers. And apart from this there were attempts made to create vultures safe zones as well. So on those lines so far eight identified vulture safe zones in the country are being made across India and in the year 2006 a national action plan on vulture conservation was set in motion as well. Now besides this restriction on the use of dichlofenac have also been made and the government has banned the veterinary use of the drug dichlofenac which is the cause of vulture mortality. And for human consumption the packaging size of the human formulation of the dichlofenac drug has also been restricted to 3 ml in July 2015 because the multi-dose vials available in 30 ml for human consumption was misused and was being given to livestock. Adding to all this the environment ministry has reconstituted the national vulture recovery committee in order to oversee and guide vulture conservation and also the recovery efforts. And apart from this the species has also been identified under the development of wildlife habitat program and for your additional information refresh that the day before yesterday we saw that even the great Indian buster was also identified under this that is identified under the development of wildlife habitat program. So with this we have come to the end of this particular news discussion with these informations in mind let us now move on to the next news article. Now let us take up this news article. See this article is regarding the Rudreshwara temple which is also known as the Ramapha temple which is situated at Palampet in the Mulugu district of Telangana. See India's nomination for this temple has been inscribed on UNESCO's World Heritage list and know that this temple was proposed by the government as its only nomination for the UNESCO World Heritage Site Tag for the year 2019 and the decision was taken at the 44th session of the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO. So in this context let us discuss in brief about the Ramapha temple and also its significance. The syllabus covered by this article is highlighted below for your reference. See we all know about the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization or UNESCO. This particular organization it seeks to encourage the identification, protection and preservation of cultural and natural heritage around the world which are considered to be of outstanding value to humanity and this is embodied in an international treaty called the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage and it was adopted by the UNESCO in the year 1972. Now let us see the aims of this UNESCO's World Heritage Mission. See it encourages countries to sign the World Heritage Convention and to ensure the protection of their natural and cultural heritage and apart from this it also encourages state parties to the convention to nominate sites within their national territory for inclusion on the world heritage list. See UNESCO also provides emergency assistance for world heritage sites in immediate danger and apart from this it encourages participation of the local population in the preservation of their cultural and natural heritage. So having done with a brief understanding about UNESCO now let us move on to discuss in detail about the Kakateya Rudraeshwara Temple which is a 13th century temple that was named after its architect Ramappa. Remember it's probably the only temple in the country to be known by the name of its sculptor. You can have a look at this great engineering marvel. See the Rudraeshwara temple was constructed in the 1213 AD and it was built under the patronage of the Kakateya ruler Kakati Ganapati Deva under the authority of his chief commander Rejsharla Rudra. Now the presiding deity of this temple is Rama Lingeshwara Swami who is a form of Lord Shiva and as we said the temple is also known as the Ramappa temple which is named after the sculptor who executed the work in the temple for 40 years. See Varangal in the Deccan Plateau is the home to the very classic and brilliant Kakateya heart and the temple complexes of Kakateyas have a very distinct style technology and decoration exhibiting the influence of the Kakateyan sculptor and the Ramappa temple is a manifestation of these attributes and it often stands as a testimonial to the Kakateyan creative genius. Note that the temple stands on a six feet high star shaped platform with walls pillars and ceilings and they are adorned with intricate carvings that attest to the unique scale of the Kakateyan sculptors and the sculptural art and the decoration specific to the time and Kakateyan empire have an outstanding universal value. Know that the temple's chamber is crowned with a Shikaram and it is surrounded by the Pradakshina Pada and at the entrance of the temple we can find a Nandi Mandabam and an imposing Nandi Vigraham stands on it and apart from this another striking feature of this temple is that it is built with bricks that are so light that they can easily float on water. See the distant style of Kakateyas for the gateways to temple complexes is unique only to this region and this confirms the highly evolved proportions of aesthetics in temple and town gateways in south India and it is said that the european merchants and travelers were mesmerized by the beauty of this particular temple and they even remarked that the temple was the brightest star in the galaxy of medieval temples of the tekan. So with this we have come to the end of this news discussion now let us move on to the next part of our in the news analysis. Now look at this news article this article is regarding a recent order of the Delhi High Court on overseas citizenship of India. The High Court said that foreigners regional registration office or the FRRO cannot insist on the physical or virtual presence of both espouses for processing OCI car for one of them. So in this context let us discuss in brief about the overseas citizens of India and we will also look into the details on the persons of Indian origin. Know that the people who live abroad from India are categorized into three broad categories such as NRIs, PIOs and OCIs. Now NRIs or non-resident Indians indicate Indians who live in another country but PIOs or OCIs that is persons of Indian origin and overseas citizens of India are people who want to stay connected and to be involved with India more on a more closer basis. Now coming to the overseas citizenship of India scheme so it was introduced in the year 2005 by the government of India by amending the Citizenship Act of 1955. Now this scheme provides for registration of both the persons of Indian origin as well as the overseas citizens of India who are subjected to certain conditions. See a person of Indian origin as a person who was an Indian national or who is any of the ancestors was an Indian national and who is presently holding another country citizenship or nationality. See as of 2015 all PIO card holders with valid PIO cards as of 9th January 2015 were advised to apply for conversion of the PIO card into OCI card and at present the Bureau of Immigration will accept this PIO cards as valid travel document till 31st December 2021 along with their valid foreign passport. Now coming to OCI see it does not confer political rights for its holders that is they have not been given any voting rights or election to Lok Sabha or Legislative Assembly etc. Similarly OCI card holder cannot hold constitutional posts such as President, Vice President etc. Having known that let us now see as to what is the eligibility criteria for a person to register as an OCI card holder. See a person who was a citizen of India or who was eligible to become a citizen of India at the time of or any time after the commencement of the constitution is eligible for this OCI cards and next a person who belonged to a territory that became a part of India after 15th August 1947 or after India's independence is eligible and then a person who is a minor child or a child or a grandchild or even a great grandchild of such a citizen mentioned above is also eligible. Here carefully note that a person who is or had been a citizen of Pakistan or Bangladesh is not eligible to register as an OCI card holder and apart from this know that an OCI card holder enjoys certain benefits that is they can visit India without visa for lifelong and they will have multiple entry lifelong visa for visiting India for any purpose but they require a special permission to undertake research work in India and apart from this another benefit is the extension from registration with Foreigners Regional Registration Office or the FRRO for any length of stay in India. So with these details in mind let us now move on to see what the next news article has got to tell us. Now look at this news article this article is regarding the flood warning alert in Gojavari river and with alert the state disaster response force the police and other authorities are geared up for the flood mitigation exercise. So in this context let us discuss in detail about river Gojavari and its tributaries from Prilim's perspective. See the Gojavari river is the largest river in Peninsular India and it is known as the Dakshina Ganga. See the Gojavari basin is the second largest basin after the Ganga basin and it accounts for nearly 9.50 percentage of the total geographical area of the country. You can have a look at the Gojavari river system. Know that the Gojavari rises in the Shraddharis at an altitude of 1067 meter above mean sea level near Trimbakeshwar in Maharashtra and from there it then flows across the Dekan plateau from the western to the eastern guards in a generally southeast direction and it falls into the Bay of Bengal. See at Dauleshwaram in Andhra Pradesh the river divides into two branches namely the Gautami and Vashishta and between the two branches lies the Gojavari central delta and the catchment area of the river is spread in the states of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Satishgarh, Orissa and Karnataka. Now coming to the boundaries of the river see the western guards form a continuous watershed on the west and on the north the basin is bounded by the Satmala hills the Ajanta range and the Mahadev hills and the basin is bounded on the east by the eastern guards and the Bay of Bengal and on the south it is bound by the Balagad and the Mahadev ranges and also the Anantkiri hills.  See the largest tributary of Gojavari is the Pranitha with about 34.87 coverage of drainage area the Pravara, Manjeera and Manar are the right bank tributaries covering about 16 percent and the Purna, Pradheta and Indravadi and also the Saberi are the important left bank tributaries which covers nearly 59.7 percent of the total catchment area of the basin. You can have a look at the important tributaries of Gojavari from the image given So with this we have come to the end of this news discussion so these are some of the important points that we need to keep in mind when it comes to the Gojavari river. So with this let's move on to the next news article. Now with this take up this news article it is about two contentious areas in the China India standoff. Militarily speaking it is an interesting area of discussion so now let us move in to the article to understand it better. See patrolling point or PP15 in hot springs and patrolling point 17A near Goghra post are two areas of contention in Ladakh. See in May 2020 China had diverted its troops towards the line of actual control in eastern Ladakh creating a standoff with India and in that PP15 and PP17A were two of the four points where the soldiers were eyeball to eyeball. So what is this PP15 and PP17A? See along the line of actual control between India and China Indian army has been given certain locations that our troops have to control. So this means that these areas are under its control and these points are known as patrolling points or PP's and usually they are decided by this China study group. See this China study group is an Indian organ which was set up in the year 1976 when Hindra Gandhi was the prime minister. See this is the apex decision-making body on China and mostly these patrolling points are on the elation of the line of actual control and troops access these points to assert their control over the territory. See note that this is an important exercise because the boundary between India and China is not yet officially demarcated. Now coming back PP15 and PP17A are two of the 65 patrolling points in Ladakh along the line of actual control and this PP15 is located in an area known as the hot springs whereas PP17A is located near an area called the Goghra post. So what are these two areas? Please look at the map in order to understand this better. See both of these are close to the Chang Chenmo river in the line of actual control in the eastern Ladakh and this hot spring is just north of the Chang Chenmo river and this Goghra post lies to the east of the point where the river takes a hairpin vent and the area is north of the Karukoram range of mountains which lies north of the Pangong Solik and southeast of Galwan valley. So you may wonder why are these regions important. See hot springs and Goghra post are close to the boundary between two of the most historically disturbed provinces of China. Note that both PP15 and PP17A are in an area where India and China largely agree on the alignment of the LAC which comes southeast from Galwan valley turns down at Gongala and moves towards Anpas before reaching the north bank of Pangong and China has got a major post of the People's Liberation Army a few kilometers east of Gongala where Indian post lies southwest of it. But the history notes that hot springs was an important post even during the 1962 conflict and in October 1962 there was a company strength at the Galwan post while three other posts namely hot springs, Nala junction and patrol base had strength of a platoon. See odd spring also served as the company headquarter and was shelled by the Chinese on October 21st and the Chinese troops had wanted to get behind hot spring but were resisted at the Nala junctions and this is the reason why these are important areas of military intentions. So having done with the article discussion for today let us now move on to the next segment of our Indo news analysis that is the prelims practice question discussion now look at this question with reference to the Rudaleshwara temple or Ramapa temple in Telangana consider the following statements statement one says that it was built by Sri Krishna Devaraya of the Vijayanagara empire statement two says that it is inscribed on UNESCO's world heritage list and statement three says that it is known as the brightest star in the galaxy of medieval temples of the Deccan and we need to find only the correct answer see when you look at the three options itself we can find that statement one is incorrect because it was built under the patronage of the Kakatya ruler Kakati Ganapati Deva and not by Sri Krishna Devaraya of the Vijayanagara empire so this means that the first statement is incorrect and based on our discussion we can infer that statement two and statement three are right so since we need to find only the right statements the correct answer here is option D that is two and three only now look at this prelims practice question which of the above is that are the benefits enjoyed by an overseas citizen of India card holder see first of all the benefits enjoyed by an overseas citizen of India are multi-purpose multiple entry lifelong visa for visiting India and then exemption from registration with local police authority for any length of stay in India and then is a parity with the NRIs in respect of economic financial and educational fields except in matters relating to the acquisition of agricultural and plantation properties so when viewed in this context we can find that statement one and two that are given here are correct but and statement three is incorrect now see this statement three is incorrect because as we saw OCI are treated in parity with NRIs only in respect to matters related to economic financial and educational fields and not in matters relating to the acquisition of agricultural or plantation properties and since the question wants us to find only the right statement the right answer here is option A that is one and two only now let us take up this question on vultures which of the following are critically endangered species of vultures in India and they have given five species here so as we saw in the discussion there are nine recorded species of vultures in India and among these nine species the oriental white bat long-built red-headed vultures and slender-built vultures are critically endangered so when viewed in this context we can infer that option D is the right answer because emalian vulture is listed as near threatened and not as critically endangered so therefore the right answer here is option D that is one two three and five now look at this question consider the following rivers which of the above are the tributaries of river godavari so based on our discussion we can easily infer that the right option here is option C that is two three and four only now the first option that is seonath is incorrect because it is a tributary of mahar nadi and not a tributary of godavari so the right answer is option C that is two three and four only now let's take this question pp15 and pp17a recently seen in news is associated with which of the following the right answer here is option C that is patrol points at lac so with this we have come to the end of today's indoor news analysis if you like the video then don't forget to like comment and share and do subscribe to shankar eyes academy youtube channel for more updates regarding upse civil services preparation


Hello and welcome back to the craft box. My name is Brent and today run was a 1-1 for the level 18 death spell quest Information dump is the start of it. So, yeah Hello young wizard Since you're here. I'm guessing you're ready for your next death spell. Do you think you are ready? Let's find out. I heard that Professor Winthrop from Molly bone found some death artifacts in a pyramid in Crocatopia Do me a favor and go check to see what he's learned. Maybe he knows of some new death spells Okay, so we need to get off to Crocatopia start this Yeah, so as you know in the last episode of the walkthrough episode number 12 13 I managed to get up to level 18, which is absolutely amazing. So Yeah, that's cool. And we got that like right at the start of the episode and now we are doing the quest for it So, yeah, let's Get onwards To Crocatopia once more back there I Okay, and the pyramid you know why all sorts of band here why should not really Here is the pyramid Let's head on over to Professor Winthrop. Let's change our quest as well so you ah You must be one of Dworkin students. I guess he heard that we found some death artifacts It is amazing that nothing goes on here without him learning about it. I guess that is one advantage to being a wizard. Yes! The Death Artifacts! I have studied them closely and have made some notes. Can you take these notes to the libraries of Crocatopia and Wizard City, then take the last notes back to Dworkin in Nightside? He will be most interested. The second part of the quest is making history and the final part is speed delivery. We will go to the library in Crocatopia first, just because we are already there so we don't need to go all the way back and forwards.  Let's head over to Zinae first and Crocatopia library when it loads. Professor Winthrop sent you? He needs this information distributed. I'll get right on it. Thank you very much. Okay, and we will go to the commons in just a second. And head off to the library. Yay! That's not too hard. I think this whole quest is basically just talking to people. Then we summon a minion and we get our spell. It's not that hard. And we get Curse, so I do actually know what spell we're getting this time. It's Curse, which is basically like just a trap for Universal. It gives plus 20 to the next damage spell incoming. So, yeah. Universal, really useful this way. We're not going to try an avenue, we're going this way. I don't know why I was going to the shopping district like what. This way to the library. I've just noticed that there's an arch. That's kind of cool. I didn't notice that before. Let's enter the library though and see what Harold says about this. What is this? Information from Professor Winthrop? I'll file this right away. Thank you, young wizard. Okay, let's go and speak to Dwarven now. And he should have hopefully enjoyed it and give us our spells next soon-ish, hopefully. Yeah. This is an actually very hard quest. Most spell quests are like somewhat hard, but this one's kind of easy. And by somewhat easy I mean pretty easy. But I don't want to like jinx it for later. Obviously, because that would be bad. But yeah, Dwarven. Oh my! This is some interesting information on Crocatopian death items. It's good to hear you distributed the information to the libraries. A speedy delivery. It appears that those death artifacts have some new powers I was not aware of. I'm sure Malistair knew of these powers. Here, take this note to the headmaster. I'm sure he will understand my concern. Okay, let us see what he wants us to do next. Oh, yeah, that's cool. Let's see what the headmaster says. Basically, after this we just summon the thing and then we get the spell, so not too bad. Not too bad at all. Here we go. Greetings, young wizard. What brings you here? You hand him the note that was given to you by Dwarven. He frowns at the information it contains. This news is grave indeed. I had not expected Malistair to find those death artifacts so quickly. Our time is shorter than I expected. Your organ will require a book. The Dark Grimoire. It has some spells that he will need. Normally, I don't like these spells being used. And you can see why when you look at what Malistair is doing with this knowledge. Go to Nightside, near where Morty stands. There you will be contacted by a scarecrow. He will give you the Dark Grimoire. After that is done, take it immediately to Dorgon.  I brewed up this potion, especially for Martelby, the tree in the center of Ravenwood. Let's quickly do this then. Because we have to do it quickly, apparently. Time is off the essence.  Just a short wee video for a short wee quest. Lag and cave to Nightside. You feel the ground begin to tremble. Greetings, young wizard! I understand that you need the Dark Grimoire. This is a very powerful and dangerous book. I gather that Malistair's army is growing if Ambrose needs this text. I fear that this book will do you little in light of his new powers. The scarecrow casts a spell, and the book appears in your hands. Okay, let's run back to Dorgon and see what he says about this. Ambrose sent you to get the Dark Grimoire? These are dark times indeed! Malistair must be building his army faster than we expected! We will all need to be prepared! He tears a page from the Dark Grimoire and hands it to you. It immediately turns into a spell card. Take the spell, young wizard! You will need it in your trials ahead, but beware! Stay on the straight and narrow, lest you fall into the despair that Malistair is creating. All dead students must become strong, or they too will turn to the darkness.


What's going on everybody? Today we're going to be looking at formulas in Excel. Now I know what you're thinking. There's absolutely no way that you're going to be able to show us every single formula in Excel and you're absolutely right. But I am going to show you some of my favorites and the ones that I found the most useful and then you can go ahead and practice those and try those out. And if there are ones that you really want me to do and you think that I missed, put it in the comments below and I will see those and I'll try to make a list of those and make another video on formulas and include all of those as well. And now before we jump into the actual tutorial, I want to give a huge shout out to the sponsor of the series and that is Udemy. You guys already know if you watched any of my videos that I absolutely love Udemy. I mean, honestly, they were the ones who got me started and were able to give me affordable courses for me to get started as a data analyst. I learned SQL and Excel and Python all through Udemy courses. And so if you were looking for a platform to take a course, I absolutely recommend you look at Udemy. They have fantastic sales going on right now, especially during the holiday season in this new year. And so if you're looking to take a full fledged Excel course, I have some of my favorites in the description below. And now without further ado, let's jump on to my screening and get started with the tutorial. All right, now before we start, I want to say that this is not like every other tutorial that I have created. This one is very streamlined. Okay, so I already know exactly what I'm going to do. There's not going to be much messing around. I'd love little notes here and there. And I'm going to try to get through it because there's a lot of them to get through. So all these ones at the bottom. Now these are ones that I use a lot that I think are useful. Again, if you know other ones that you use a lot, the things I should be using, which I know there are ones that I left out of here, you know, put it in the comments. I'll see the ones that people are liking and I will, I will create more videos on these because I know there are so many. I also will save this Excel in on the GitHub. So you can go and download it. It'll be exactly what you're looking at right now. I highly recommend trying these formulas out for yourself. So you can get a feel for how they work and how they're actually used and you can mess around with it yourself. So as you can see at the bottom, we're going to start with Max Min. And then we're going to go on to some more, I think a little bit more difficult things. And all these things are super useful. I'll try to talk about how you can actually use it as we go through it. Some are super self-explanatory, but some may not be. So this one I think is super self-explanatory, but again, one that you're going to use all the time. And so what we can do is we can say equal, and that's how you kind of start off saying this is going to be a formula. In this cell, equal means I am now creating a formula. And we're going to say MAX, and I'll hit Tab, and so it'll kind of populate it. And right here, if you've never seen a formula before, it'll kind of give you what the inputs need to be. So it's going to say Max of number one, number two, et cetera, et cetera. What we're going to do is we're going to give a range. So we're going to go from here down to here. You don't have to close the parentheses, but you can. I'm going to, and then you hit Enter. And so for this date, it's going to give us the Max date. Now these are the start dates for these people right here. And so if we just kind of glance through here, we can see that 2013 was last year, and this one is actually the latest in that year. And so it gave us the correct one. The min is going to do the exact opposite. It's going to give us the smallest. And so we'll give it the same range. We'll close the parentheses. And it's going to say December 7th of 1995. And we can see that that is correct. So Michael Scott started in 1995, the earliest of all the employees. And you can do the exact same thing for really any of these columns. We can see who's making the most money, or at least what the highest salary is. So we'll do Max. And then we'll do the salary range. And so this is, this one again, whoops, what did I do? Oh, I did the wrong range, didn't I? No, I didn't do the wrong range. It's just, there it goes. This column was a date range, or a date column for whatever reason. Let me get rid of that. And then we can do equals min. And we'll do again, we'll do the salary. And at a quick glance, we can see that Pam Beasley is making the least. And 65,000 is Michael Scott, who's making that. So super simple. It shows the max, it shows the min. You can select a range. There you go. Let's move on to if and ifs. Now, if is, I think, pretty straightforward. So all you're going to do is you're going to say, if this, then that. Ifs is a little bit different. So ifs is, you can, you can put multiple conditions. And as we're writing it, I'll show you kind of what it's, the conditions that need to be met. All right. So we're going to click right here. We're going to say equal, we're going to do if, hit tab. And we need a logical test. And so we're going to give it a range, or something, we're going to say if it's equal, greater two, something like that. Then we're going to say, if the value is true, what's the, what is going to be the output? Or if the value is false, what's going to be the output? So let's do this right here. We'll do this age range. And so if they are greater than, let's say, let's do 30. If they're greater than 30, we're going to do a comma. And so if the value is true, what should be the output? If they're greater than 30, we're going to call them old. And then if it is false, so if they're younger than 30, what should it say? And we're going to say young. And we'll close the parentheses. And there you go. So if they're over 30, then they are going to have, or if they're a younger than 30, they're going to have young. Now, this is something where you need to specify if you want 30 and over or over 30, we chose over 30. So 30 is not included in that. So they're going to be young. Now, let's get, we don't actually need two of these, that's pretty self-explanatory. The ifs is a little bit different, right? You can have multiple conditions. So let's open that up real quick. So ifs, and now we have a logical test value, if that's true, then you can do logical test two, value if that's true. So you can have multiple, multiple, multiple things. Now, this one is a little bit different. In this one, oops, let me get out of this. In this one, you had a value of true, a value of false. Ifs does not have that. Ifs is going to give you different ranges and different specific conditions. And you can't say if this one's false, you're just going to have multiple conditions. So let's do equals and ifs tab, and we'll do our first logical test. So let's do if the salesman, or if that equals to salesman, we're going to say, we're going to respond with sales. So that's if the value is true. That's what we want the output to be. Now we're going to go on to our logical test two. So you're going to see this pattern, right? If this is our conditional or logical test. So if this is true, this is what's going to be returned. So you'll notice that's just a pretty simple pattern. We can just do random things. So if it's equal to sales, I will just do the same one. If that is equal to say HR, we can say fire immediately. And now we're going to say, if it's equal to regional manager, I'm going to say, give Christmas bonus. And we'll close the parentheses and let's see what we get. So as you can see, there's no default value for true or false. Like this one, there was a logical test. And if it was true, there was a value. And if it was false, there was a value. So for every single one, you'll get a value. For this one, that's not exactly going to happen. As you can see, there are these NAs. Now, when that happens, it just means nothing met that condition. So we never said anything about supplier relations. We never said anything about accountants. But if it was part of that if statement, then it got something. And so that is how the ifs works. Now, let's move on to length. This is exactly what we're going to do. But some of the uses for this, for the length, I've used it for a lot of different things. One thing that I've used it for in the past, and max and ifs, you can use it for almost anything. Length is, there's a lot of different use cases. One, I used to work with a lot of customer data or patient data. They have social security numbers. And if there was bad social security numbers, we didn't want to include that. And so we do like the length of that. And if a social security number was, let's say, 10 numbers or 11 numbers, where it should only be nine, or however many there are, I think it's nine, then we know that that social security number is incorrect. And then we can get rid of that or discard it from our results. That's just an example, right? So for this, oops, what did I do that? I did control z to undo that, if you didn't know how to do that. So we're going to do equals len, which is length. And again, if you didn't see that, it returns the number of characters in a text string. So let's go right here, and let's go to their last name. And we'll give it a range. So it's going to tell us how many characters are in that string. So for Halpert, it's seven characters. For Flenderson, it's 10 characters. And we're able to see a length. And so again, there are a lot of different use cases for this. The social security number was one. Another one is phone numbers, right? If you look at the length of the phone numbers, and there's ones that are like 12 numbers long, you know, those might not be ones that are accurate. And you need to go look at them and see if you want to include them in your results or your output. So that is how length is done. Let's move right over to the left and right.  So let's keep going. Left and right are kind of like substrings. If you've taken the sequel tutorial series that I've done, substrings are where you can choose a certain part of the text string, and you can extract data from that. And you usually have to reference a certain number, so a certain amount of characters. That's the exact same thing, except unfortunately, there's no substring. There's substitute, but there's no substring. Left and right is really the closest thing that we have. So let's kind of take a look real quick and see what we can do. So we're going to do left, and it's going to say return to specified number of characters from the start of a text string. So we're starting from the very far left, and we need to choose our text, and then choose the number of characters that we're going to be looking over. So let's go over here, and let's just choose, you know, start simple. We'll get a little bit more advanced. So we have, this is our text range. So these are the ones that we want to look at. And then how many characters do we want to look forward? And we'll just choose three as an example. And so you can see that it takes the first three characters from every single thing. Now, you can also do this with numbers. It doesn't just have to be, you know, name with actual words or letters. You can do the exact same thing. So you can say right, and we're going to choose our string. And let's do this one. So, you know, all of them start with 100. And we'll just say we want to take the last one. So this one is going to start from the very far right, and go over one character. So right here, you can see this is our range, and I just chose one. So starting from the very far right, we go over one character, and that's what we take. And so that can definitely be useful. Another one that you can do, and this one is one that I have used so many times. I mean, honestly, countless times in actually using this in my job. So we're going to go from the right, and we're going to look at a date. So, you know, sometimes you have these date structures, month, month, day, day, year, year, year, or year, you know, day, month, year, all these different, and sometimes you just want to extract the month or the year or something like that, the day. And so we want to come in here, and we're just going to extract the oops, I want to make that arrange, we want to extract the year of the start dates. So we're going to do that. And then we're going to go over four, because we want to take the first four characters from the right to give us the entire year. Let's do that. And now we can see exactly the year. And this can be just super, super useful. This is, again, one that I've used a lot. And so that is one that you might want to remember in case you're ever doing analysis on, you know, start and end dates or anything with date data. Again, one that I highly recommend remembering. Let's go over to date to text. I actually probably should have included that before, because I actually used it in this one. If you notice right here, this is a text. So in this one we just did that was a text. You can't do this right on start and end dates when it's a date format. And let me show you. So this is a date. Now, if I do equals, and you know, we just did this, let's do on the end date. And I'll do the whole range. Give me a second. And we'll do four. It's giving us completely random numbers. Why is that? Because underneath the date range, there are numbers, right? So if I go right here, and I make this general, it's gonna have a numbers and look, these are the first four characters from the right. And so it's doing what it's supposed to do, but it's not doing what we actually want. And that's the issue. So how can we convert this? Now, there are a ton of different ways. But the quickest, probably the easiest, besides actually writing it out like this, like 11-2-2001, which then converts it to a date format. But what you can do, you know, just so you know, you can create it as a text. You can do 11-2-2001. And now it will stay a text string. And as you can tell, these are a little bit different because this one is format or situated on the right. And this one's on the left. That's how you can tell the difference. Now, if you don't want to do it by hand, completely manually and waste hours of your time, you can do it in a very simple way. So we're gonna do text. So this is the exact formula that we're going to use. So let's get rid of that one. There we go. So we're gonna do equals, we're gonna do, oops, text. It says, converts a value to text in a specific number format. So for a date format, we can choose a date format and then it'll convert it to a text for us, which saves so much time, I promise you. Let's do all of these just like we did. And then we need to tell it what the format is. If we don't, if we tell it something incorrect, it's gonna give us a completely terrible output or just give us an error altogether. So this is a day-day, month-month, year-year, year-year format. And that is what we're gonna do. So we're gonna dd slash mm slash y, y, y, y, and close that up. And there you go. And now because it's in a formula, what we need to do is be this and paste it right over here. And now you can see that is a general. This is something that we can use as a string. And let's just check it just to make sure. We're gonna do right. We're gonna do this one. Let's do all of them. And we'll do four. And there you go. So now it works. That is what we are looking for. And you can do that. Imagine doing that with millions of rows or, you know, let's say 10,000 rows. It's gonna be a breeze, right? It's gonna take you two minutes or a minute to do everything that you want to do instead of having to just do a bunch of mess to convert it to a string, which I promise you I've done and it just takes forever. It's terrible. So that is date to text. Super helpful formula. Let's go over to trim. Now I purposefully messed up this column. Now why do I mess it up like this? Because when you're working with real data, you're gonna get data like this. It's messy. It's dirty. It just has random spaces at the end for no reason. Because sometimes you're gonna be working with data that is inputted by a user. It's not like a drop down option. So imagine somebody's typing this in, they accidentally put a space. So they actually put an enter or something. And then they submit it. And this is how it's gonna look in the database.  And I guarantee you, if you're working as a data analyst, you're gonna see stuff like this, not with maybe a last name, but all sorts of data. So we're gonna go right here, we're gonna say equals trim, do open parentheses. Actually, this says, removes all spaces from a text string, except for a single space between words. So like, you know, if it said Halpert space, or Jim space Halpert, it won't take this space in between there, because it kind of understands that in normal language, a space is supposed to be there. So it won't do that. But we'll take that, we'll give it this range, close that up, and there you go. Now it is nice and clean, much more usable. Now let's look at concatenate. One that I have used just way, way, way too many times. And something that I've used concatenate for, and you'll see this one in a lot of demonstrations, for a good reason, is because a lot of people use it for this. So what you can do is you can say equals, and well, let me tell you what concatenate does real quick. So what concatenate does, oops, I'm totally messing up here. But it joins two or more text strings into one string. It basically joins things together, and adds them together. So let's do concatenate, and we're going to add this first and last name again, one that gets used all the time, but that's because it really is useful. So you can do this, and you can say, now I want to include this. So concatenating this and this, and let's take a look. So this is Jim Halpert, but it's all connected. And that's typically not how people write their names. So what we can do is you can go back in here, and we can do what my demonstration up here already tells us to do, which is we're just going to add another thing in here. And if we add two parentheses, we can include anything in here. We can include a dash, we can include an exclamation point, or we can just include a space. So let's just include a space really quick. And just like that, it works perfectly. And so now we have the full name. Now, something that you could use it for is something like generating an email. This is something that you absolutely could do. And it's pretty simple. So I'm going to do it like this. I'm going to say, oops, what did I do? I'm going to say dot. And then at the end, I'm going to say at, oops, comma quotation at gmail.com. And now I've created emails for all of these people. So just something that you can do with this and something that it absolutely is used for. And you'll see that demonstration almost everywhere because honestly, it gets used a lot by data analysts. And so just a good one to know understanding how that concatenation works. Let's go over to the next one. So we are going to do substitute. Now, substitute's really interesting. There are different ways you can do it. I'm going to show it to you on these dates real quick. That's what we're going to look at. So changing a date format, changing how, what it's supposed to look like is absolutely something that happens all the time.  It'll be different, a different, I guess, format. So this one has, all the other ones have slashes where these ones have dashes. And, you know, what you can do is if you want to, well, let me actually go with the no instances real quick because this one is actually makes the most sense. So we'll do equals and we're going to say substitute. And let me say substitute replaces existing text with new text in a text string. So if we do an open parentheses it says we take the text, we have the old text, we have the new text, and then we have what instance or how many times or what instance are we looking at it. And I'll explain that in a little bit. So the text that we're going to be looking at is this one right here. So let's take this range and the old is we're going to take this dash. And so let's take the dash and then what do we want to replace it with? We want to replace it with this slash right here. I think it's a forward slash. Isn't that what it's called? It's called a forward slash. Am I crazy? And we're not going to put an instance. Notice that that's in a bracket. That means it's optional. We're going to do none of that. And what it's going to do is it's going to fix this. So this one is now in the correct format that we want. And that's fantastic. That's what we tried to accomplish given what we had. Now let's fix that. If we want to do the exact same thing we can say what are we doing? Substitute. We can do substitute. We can do open parentheses. We'll give the range. And now let's say we want to change all of them to a different format. So instead of the forward slash, I'm going to keep calling it that if that's correct. We want to give it a dash. So then we close that and now all of them are in this new format. So it's able to substitute a specific value for a new value. And if you don't include an instance, then it'll do it to every single one in there. So let's go over here and we're going to actually use the instance num. And I'll show you what that does. And so really quick we'll do the exact same thing that we just did. We'll do the forward slash. And we want to replace it with this one again, this dash. But we only want to do it on the first instance of that forward slash. And so as you can see, all the ones that were replaced are the very first instance, whereas the second instance, which is the second time it appears in this string, does not get touched. So if we take this, and we put it right over here, and we move it to two, it's kind of the opposite. So the first one wasn't touched, the second one was. So we're choosing which instance or which time it shows up in that string. And then it replaces it. If you do not choose an instance, it chooses all of them. So this can be super useful if you want to do like a bulk replace. But you only want to do it on any specific column. And you just want to use a formula really quick, right? And so you can use this in a lot of different ways. So that's how you're able to actually do it with the first instance, the second instance, and if you don't include an instance at all. Let's go over to the sum. This is one I think everyone knows how to use, but I'm going to show you two other ones as well. So let's go to the sum and we're just going to do equals the sum. I hope you know what this is. Well, not hope. If you don't know what this is, it just adds up all the numbers in range. So we're going to add some means add. So we're going to take this, and it's going to give us the what all these salaries are together. So super, super simple. Some is one of probably the most basic formulas that you can do. Some if is a little bit different. You can add an if statement, which we learned right back here. You can add an if statement and then add it if it meets a certain criteria. All right. So we're going to do equals sum if, and then you're going to need to give a range and criteria, and you can include a some range if you would like. So we're going to do the salary again, we're going to do a comma. And now here's our criteria. Let's do if they have greater than 50,000 for their salary and close up parentheses. So now it's only going to add up if their salary is greater than 50,000. Now his is 50,000 exactly. So that won't count. But we have 63 and 65,000, which does equal 128,000. So it just gives a specific criteria or an if statement, then it does the addition. So super useful in that one. So that is how you do a some if and some ifs is kind of the same thing as we did back here. There's the if and the ifs. So the ifs is going to be if it has, it meets multiple conditions. So let's take a look at that one. So let's do equals some ifs. Now the syntax for this one is going to be a little bit different, you'll see that in just a second. This adds the cells specified by a given set of conditions or criteria. Close to no parentheses. We'll give the some range. So let's do the same one as before. Then we have our criteria range. So what are we looking at? This is the area that's going to be added after all these if statements are done. So we have to initially set that. Now we're going to say, okay, what criteria are we basing this off of? So let's put a comma. And we're going to base it off of let's do this one. We'll say if the gender, so we'll do comma, if that's female, if that's female. And then we'll give another one, we can say if they're female and let's say they are greater than, oops, greater than 30. We'll close that up. And it's going to give us 88,000. So female, female, there's one, two right here. So it's going to be this one and this one, that equals 88,000. So that's how that works. You're able to incorporate several different conditions into the sum formula. So again, I know this one's super simple, but you can use it in a much more complex way if you use the some if and the some ifs. Almost the exact same thing for this count. I'm not going to go super in depth into this one. I'll just kind of show you because count is count and some are kind of on the same level of difficulty. They're both pretty beginner. This is just going to give you a count of how many cells are there. So let's give this range. And so it's not going to add it. It's just going to give us a count. So if we do right here and scroll over them, like highlight them, this count down here, oops, this count down here is nine. And so it's going to give us that count. But we can do a count with conditions exactly how we did it in the sum. So if we do count if oops, I did not spell it right. If we do count if we're going to give a range and a criteria exact same as we did before. So let's do this. I mean, you can do this on basically any of these. It doesn't really for this demonstration. It doesn't really matter. But we'll say if their salary is greater than 45,000. So how many people this is going to give us how many people have a salary over 45,000? And that's five. So before in the sum if if we did that, we did 50,000, it adds everything together. The count is just going to count the amount of cells that meet that criteria. And again, count ifs, we're going to have a criteria range. And then we will specify what if statements we want to be to occur in order to count those cells. So let's do we want, you know, we want to count it can be any range or it can be any of these will do the ID this time. And now we can say, you know, we want it to be as our criteria one, we can say we want it to be greater than what their ID to be greater than 1005. And let's say we want them to be male. So they have an ID over a certain certain range.  There's only three people that meet that criteria. And so it'll be Michael, Stanley, and Kevin, those are three people. And so it gives us a count, very useful to give quick numbers like this, something I genuinely use a lot. And I know I've said that a lot during this tutorial, but that's because everything I'm showing you are things that I've used a lot. So I don't feel like, you know, I'm speaking at a turn here. Let's look at this one. This one is very has some specific use cases. Notice that this is a text right now. If you do it when it is in a date format, it actually will not work. I mean, I can you can test it out yourself. You just got to trust me, it's not going to work. So what this does is it's going to give you the range from this day to this day. That's what it's going to do. So let's do, oops, days. It's going to we want to choose our end date. So this is our end date. That's kind of backward from what you think. End date to start date, you think start date to end date. So you have to start with this one. And then we're going to choose start date. And now it's going to tell us how many, how many days was it from here to here. And this one it's 5056. So network days is extremely similar, except it takes out holidays and it takes out weekends. And you can see how many working days as this person, how many working days or network days as this person worked, not including, you know, weekends and holidays, how they actually worked since their start date and their end date. So let's do network days. And I mean your start date or end date and you can specify extra holidays if you'd like, but there are a already standard set holidays in there that it takes out. So, you know, if you want to do that you can. So we're going to do the start date. Again, this one's different. This one says start date, end date. And then we're going to give the end date. And if you notice, they are going to be different numbers, dramatically lower because it's taking out weekends and holidays. So this is how many days, calendar days they've worked. And this is how many days they've actually been in the office and worked. And that is it. Again, there are so many formulas. I mean literally hundreds of formulas that you can utilize and use and are out there for you to try out yourself. If there are specific ones that I did not cover in this video, please put it in the comments below so that I can, you know, show you how to do these things. I will say I probably used a majority of the ones that you're going to put in the comments already. And if I haven't used it, I'll take a look at it and see if it's really useful. And I'll show you that. So thank you guys so much for watching. I hope that this has been helpful. I feel like a lot of these things are not things that I learned before I started. Almost all these are ones that I learned while I was on the job. And so I'm hoping that you can get ahead of the curve and you can learn these things before you actually start so that when you get in there, you're just like killing it with the formulas.  Give him all the Excel work.  And everyone, you know, loves you for it. So with that being said, thank you so much for watching. I really do hope this helped. If you liked this video, be sure to like and subscribe below. I'll see you in the next video.


I looked up to a lot of female soccer players. I looked up to also Billie Jean King who played tennis and decided to change the way things were because things weren't changing at the rate that she thought was fast enough. And so this is a tennis player who decided to create their own tennis league and go against the tennis association by playing their own matches, by having their own sponsor, by proving that they are valuable, that people do respect them and it just was the people in charge that did it. And she did so much for not only tennis, but women's sports in the U.S. And that tennis is one of the only sports globally to have the same win bonus from the men's and the women's side in the major tournaments. That's something that we look at for inspiration within women's football. And she is also someone who advocated for Title IX, which is giving equal opportunity to men and women at the university to play sport and to get a scholarship. And that was one of the ways that I continued to move along my journey in playing professional soccer and was a very important part of my journey. So I think that I have a lot to thank to Billie Jean King.


Hi, I am Dr. Sushar Shantakumar. I am a consultant shoulder surgeon practicing in Manipal Hospital's Bangalore. Classically, there is pain in the involved shoulder. To start off with, there is pain originally or initially when you move the shoulder above your head or when you reach behind your back, then it gradually progresses to persistent pain and typically causes pain when you are lying down or pain in the night on lying on the affected shoulder. With due course of time, the pain can lead to weakness of the affected shoulder and you might be unable to lift the involved shoulder without support from the opposite shoulder.


Cool. Thank you. Yeah, I hope you guys got your Lama selfies in. I did. It's hard being the session after the Lamas, but I think I'll manage. Welcome everyone to the session. Thanks for joining me and the other speakers throughout the conference and thanks to the organizers for making everything so smooth and so fun and so interesting. My session, as you can see, is about data archival, specifically when it comes to data journalism. So let's just jump in. That's me on screen twice. I'm a journalist, a freelance journalist from Nairobi, Kenya, which by the way, it's about 10 p.m. here, so education. I've been to only one other CSV conference, the one last year, but I guess coming this year makes me a veteran, I guess. And so I've been a data journalist specifically for about two years. I was with the organization Code for Africa, for those of you who know them, that was my entrance into the wonderful world of data journalism. So just to begin, I'll start with the question of what is data journalism? Obviously from the word itself, the obvious thing would be to say that data journalism is just data plus journalism, which is fine, but a more accurate or a more in-depth look into it is the combination of journalists' ability to storytell, because at the end of the day, that's what journalists do, they're storytellers, and they're so-called knows-for-news, combined with this super-large range of information that is now available to us through the web, through the digital landscape. If you give data to each type of profession, they'll do something different with it. And I think for journalists, this is what makes data journalism a separate field. And so the data journalism has been around for a while now, for those of you who attended CCUA's talk yesterday, her keynote speech yesterday, which was very interesting. She delved deep into lots of the things that are going on in the world of data journalism. And a lot of that stuff for journalists, a lot of the stuff that's so exciting for us has been the scraping and gathering of information, the analysis, the visualizations, the news apps, what have you, there've been lots of steps forward in that field, and there continue to be more and more creative ways to use data journalism to tell interesting stories. But one thing that journalists are not good at is sort of taking a break after a story to just look back and think about what they've done and what should be done with that. We're always looking to go on to the next thing, the next story, the next breaking news, journalism kind of has its competitive side, and so it's always about who can get the story fast or who can tell the best story and who can get the best angle. And that leaves the question of data archival to that journalistic stories as a big question mark. And a quote that I was not able to find the original person who said it but was popularized by Philip Graham is that journalism is the first draft of history which is said a lot in the journalism realm. Maybe we're just being so centered but I think there is some truth to that. This is a good time to experience that in the time of the COVID-19, ever since December when the first story started coming out and even till now as the numbers keep being monitored, keep being talked about, keep finding new angles, finding new things, finding new ways the world is changing and all this is fast being documented by journalists. So for the researchers, the writers, the novelists, in the future who write about this time, a lot of them will find themselves looking back to the news stories that were written by journalists during this time. And so that means it's really important to archive our things or make sure that future generations, no matter what technology exists then, can still have access to the wonderful data stories that are being released every day, just the way we have access to newspapers that were published a hundred years ago. So in terms of looking at data stories, journalists have their own ways to go about telling their stories, that's what they're good at. But when it comes to thinking about archival, it should be something that's thought about from the very beginning and something that should be in the conscious mind of everyone from the editors and the news publishers to the journalists themselves. It should be something they're thinking about from the beginning. And so the first thing of course is that there needs to be that care given to the archival process. Most news organizations, if not all use content management systems. And so data stories, especially the very dynamic ones, the ones that have interactive graphs and photos and videos and all sorts of fun things are not able to be archived the way traditional media is. The way text can be archived or even video and audio can be archived. So the first thing is that within the newsroom itself because even freelancers like myself do have to deal with newsrooms. So the newsroom itself needs to be very aware that even when they go to the steps of making news apps or using other tools to write data stories, they need to have that in mind. And then another thing to think about is, or rather the first thing after that to think about is the archiving of the whole data story, the whole thing in all its elements. So whether it's a combination of the text, plus maps, plus graphs, plus other interactive data visualizations to photos, to video and audio. The whole thing as a package, it needs to be thought out how the whole thing can be archived. And then the last thing or what I see as the last thing is the links within the story. So I'm sure you've all had experiences of reading a news story and it's really something you're enjoying. And the writer, the journalist has referred to a study by the UN or just another link that's not on the website of the news story and you click on the link and it's blank or like you don't get access to it because it's been moved or something else. And I think that's something that we're more and more dealing with because in the past, what news organizations do a lot, especially the traditional ones, once they moved online, is that they would never link anything outside of their news website. So even though they mention a study, they'll never link that study. All they'll do, the most they do is link to another story within their website because I guess they need those retention rates on their websites. But what data journalism has brought about is the willingness to share information and be open about where you've gotten your data or where you've gotten some of the things that you're using within your story and now that has brought in the issue of archival of those links. So I think that would be the last thing. So as I said, the first step is just thinking about the future and what you want to achieve, how you want to be able to preserve what you've written, what you've worked on, not only for future generations who would want to know what was going on in the world in 2020, but also just for your own personal portfolio as a journalist, because journalists, I mean, we move around, we work with different organizations. For freelancers like myself, we have bylines in all sorts of different news organizations. So that's something that needs to be thought about because, you know, news organizations may shut down, may be merged with others. And so there needs to be some thought put into how to preserve some of these, some of the stories we write. So the first thing is scaling down. When these stories are written, especially the ones that are very dynamic, something that can be thought about at the top level, that is at the level of the publishers and the editors is how to preserve at least a simple HTML version or just a static page of the data story. Some of these stories are quite, they include lots of different elements, but one option, which is not the favorite option at all because it loses quite a bit. But just in terms of thinking about the options, it is on the table that perhaps a few months after the story goes live, you know, after traffic has been driven down and people have seen the story quite a bit, maybe six months down the line, the option may arise to just preserve the HTML, a simple HTML of the data story. This is because the CMSs that we use currently are incapable of archiving data stories as they occur, as they are with all the elements. It's something new and so the technology, I guess, is not yet there, but another thing is also the fact that we do use other apps as well to write data stories. So some of you may be familiar with shorthand. Shorthand is a news app, basically, that's like WordPress, but for data stories because you can add in so many different elements, you can add in your own HTML and CSS. And it looks like it looks very pretty because you can put photos and videos and move things and have the text bleeding into the photo, you can have the photo in the background, you can do so many things. And such apps are being used by news organizations from very small ones to very big ones. And so the question is, what if shorthand goes under? What happens to all those stories that were published through the app? And so scaling down is just one of the options that exists. Another one is the large commercial libraries and archives that already exist and are already being used for the traditional archiving, especially when it comes to newspapers and for some also digital, normal digital news stories. These include ProQuest, LexisNexis and the like. This is something that is also needs to be rethought because especially if your news organization is not already on a web archiving platform, bringing up some of these commercial libraries might be a bit of a tough thing to do within a newsroom. Newsrooms are notoriously very tight-fisted with funds, understandably, especially in this age where they're still trying to rethink their business models.  They'd see it as just another extra thing that you don't need to worry about now, especially if you're just a journalist. The way they see it is that you should just focus on telling your next story and leave all the high-level thinking to the editors and the publishers and the owners. And so bringing up some of these things would be really hard, but it is something that can at least start being thought about or being put on the table or being forwarded in terms of ideas on how to ensure all aspects of the news stories that are being told by journalists within any given newsroom are reserved for posterity. The last two methods are some of my favorite because they put the power back into the journalist's hands. And especially because journalists are thinking a lot about some of these things, especially those who are, I mean, I guess it's all of us who are always going to the next story and thinking of the next thing, but especially those within newsrooms who have it a bit harder and have editors on their back constantly. These are a bit quicker methods. So the first is taking a video, taking videos of their news stories. So I'll just escape from the presentation mode. And I think we're all familiar with this site of seeing video game gameplay on YouTube or wherever. This is just, I just found a random Minecraft gameplay. And this is what I'm talking about. So we can borrow this same aspect from gamers and use it to preserve our stories. So if you could just, it's like taking a screen cap of your data story, as you scroll through the different elements of what it can do. So for example, if you have something that has an interactive graph, you can scroll through, click around, click on it as it's being recorded and be able to preserve that for yourself, for your own portfolio and employment history and also for future generations. Because as the maybe different technologies come around, you just need to update the video quality or whatever and still have that in your archives somewhere. Also the news organizations themselves are able to archive videos at least because videos is something we've had for a while. So even the news organizations could benefit because then they're able to at least archive videos before we figured out a way to archive data stories as they exist. So that's one way. Another way is archiving links, which I mentioned before. So as I mentioned, we've probably all had the experience of going through a news story and seeing, as you can see on my screen, it's a link unembed from Twitter. And I'm sure you've all had the experience of either this is just a broken link and it says something like the media does not exist anymore or something of the sort or even if it's just a normal link within the article and then you click on it and it's no longer existing. An option, this is a story I did a while ago, an option that exists is using applications such as archive.is to preserve links. So this works for everything, but in my case, since I wanted to preserve a tweet, I used the tweet, but you can imagine that the Kenya Met Department deletes this tweet, so far it's still up, but what if they delete it or they delete the account or Twitter doesn't exist anymore? This actually preserves the tweet and the discourse that went on underneath the tweet as well. So I think that's super neat. It's super easy. It puts the power back into the journalist's hands now that we've started adding links on our stories that lead to other people's work. Yeah, so that's all I had for today. That's the selfie. That's the selfie I got with one of the llamas, literally like a few minutes before the talk, but those are my contacts. There's my email. I'm on Twitter at Soila underscore Kenya. And then I think the presentation is on the website, on the CSV conference website, but there it is as well, in case you want to jump in, yeah. Yeah, thank you very much. Yeah, so there was a lot of great chatter in the chat. We'll move some of that over to Slack, but it'd be good for you to take a look at that too. One question was just this idea of recording a story as it's happening, kind of like the Minecraft recording. There were a couple of comments about that. Are there good examples of that happening in journalism? I mean, your example is Minecraft, which I think is an awful idea, but are there good examples that you know of? Maybe you can put those in Slack or? I think I'll put them on Slack, yeah. Yeah, yeah, because it's a great idea. And there were several people who had said that I hadn't even thought about it.  And I think to myself, actually, it sounds so interesting. I would love to watch someone like that. So it's, it goes with journalism, so it's a great idea. Okay, we're gonna move on to the next presenter.


Hey, yeah, as you can all read on those wonderful slides. I'm here to teach you how you too can make things go fast Making things look fast is easy. There's like a hundred box posts about on the internet everywhere. You just do less Doing less work means doing faster work. You catch things you reduce the number of resources you use. It's all easy It's no problem. But the problem is what is actually slow? Where do we need to make things go faster? And that's what I'm here to teach you The obvious solution is to measure things measuring helps us decide what to do. So we measure We find out it's something fast something slow. I mean, sorry an upload takes so long. I click on a button It doesn't respond for five seconds. We measure them We measure what code is being used. We measure how long it takes to run the code We make a change.  And if not, we keep trying There's tools for that like black fire Also Xtberg has some building tools for it. There's plenty of things out there, but that has a limitation It doesn't tell us what the code is actually doing. It only tells us what is taking slow under specific request Instead we want to look at what the code is actually doing what resources do we use? Do we make a lot of file system operations? Do we make a lot of database calls? but in tools like This that measure just the time something takes that doesn't always tell us the problems So we have I just made this wonderful tool called xray But it let's you let you look inside of your next cloud instance and tells you exactly what each request is doing It tells you all the resources that are being used in real time what file system calls are being made the locking operations Caching operations database queries so you can have proper all with full stack traces You can have proper ID as a developer about what the fuck your code is actually doing and why things might be slow But the main problem with that is that if code is not slow, you're not going to fix it If you really want to make sure that every that you fix something you have to be frustrated by it It's called I call it frustrated frustration driven development If you if you use your if you use your next cloud instance at home Or is your developer instance your own production instance and things are slow you get frustrated you want to fix that shit So you improve them That's the main problem though Your computer is way too fast Like you just recently bought a nice new wonderful laptop that has like a lot of gigabytes of RAM You put all the sliders in the configuration up all the way to maximum because you want to show off with your fancy hardware And it means that everything goes nice and fast. It's great except when you don't want things to go fast On your local in your developer incident you're working on it your Database from locally all your storage runs locally on SSD It's all way too fast that you don't actually see the problems that real large setups are running into because they have remote resources So to solve that problem I wrote the two only apps that objectively make your next cloud experience worse They add artificial delays to common things that might be that are slow on a lot of larger incidents But are probably really fast in your instance If you ever every file system operation or every database query we can make it slow So you can really feel the suffering that real users run into while you're developing your app So you immediately see that your app is doing something wrong without even having to look at it If everything is false, it's really easy to accidentally write some code that uses a lot of database queries And you never figure out that's a problem because you have an amazing PC So with these two apps that you can find on GitHub you can make your PC less amazing


So, now let us apply all that we have learned today to look at a real life operating problem. There is an airship which has got an envelope volume of 5000 meter cube. At the ground level it carries 8500 Newton's of helium, its pressure height is 1500 meters but it exceeds it by 200 meters and goes to 1700 meters and it remains there for some time. This means it is not, it is a sustained case. It is not a transient case, it is a sustained case. It remains there for some time. So now the question is what would be the weight of the lifting gas remaining? First of all, how much lifting gas will be thrown out and therefore what will be the weight of the lifting gas remaining? And then what is the inflation fraction earlier when it goes to pressure altitude and what is the inflation fraction when it goes to higher than pressure altitude. So, to make life easy for you, I have given you the numerical values of the sigma at 1500 meters and sigma at 1700 meters. Notice that sigma is 0.8637 and 0.846 respectively. And for helium the value of K is 0.03416. So, let us see if you can solve this question. If you want me to show some formulae, I can scroll back and show you the formulae. You can note down this formulae if you wish. The last line in this slide is the one that is of relevance to you because this is applicable for a sustained, sustained exceedance. In fact, this is applicable for both the cases. However, you need to know the formula to be applied for IMA. So, I will go one step back. This is what you need. Delta I L is equal to sigma SPH upon sigma as MA minus 1 for a sustained exceedance. So, IMA will be equal to 1 plus this particular ratio or it will be simply I will be equal to the ratio of the 2 sigmas. So, let us see. Now, IMA is going to be the ratio of the 2 sigmas. So, it is going to be sigma SPH by sigma as MA 1.020, 1.0202. That is the value. So, those of you who do not have the calculator, you can follow the calculations with me. Others should do it so that you learn. Otherwise, you will stare at the screen and say yes, but you will not understand. Now, the rate of the lifting gas at the maximum altitude is going to be the rate of the lifting gas under the ground which is 8500 Newton divided by IMA which is 1.0202. So, the rate of the lifting gas is going to be 8322 Newton. Is there any mistakes in these calculations? You can correct me. So, this is the first thing that we got. Now, the airship has lost 2% of its original lifting gas. That is why it is 1.0202. Nearly 2.02% is gone. So, therefore, delta N will be the difference in the density ratios into P0 by T0 into K into volume minus WLG upon into 1 upon IMA minus 1. So, sigma as MA is 0.8466, sigma as PH is 0.8637, P0 101325, T0 288.16, K is 0.03416, V is 5000 meter cube already given in the question. Minus lifting gas weight at ground was 8500 Newton, 1 upon IMA, IMA is 1.0202 minus 1. So, calculate this number and tell me the value of delta L, delta LN, 168.3. Let us wait for somebody else to get the answer. Yes, how much? 858.49. So, 2 people have got 858.49. I got it at 895 and it is negative. So, the net static lift has been reduced because 8500 minus 8322 Newton's of gas has been thrown away. That much of gas has been thrown away. Now, the question number B was what are the previous and subsequent C level standardized inflation fractions? This is very straightforward. This is equal to sigma. So, the inflation fraction is decreased by 1.7%. We know that the inflation fraction is simply equal to the sigma. So, it was supposed to have 86.4% gas and remaining air. But because pressure height has gone to 1700 or operating altitude is going to 1700, the inflation fraction is decreased by 1.7%. It should actually carry more air to go there.


Europe starts in Braga, the European bestest nation in 2021 and you have to climb the stairway up to the World Heritage, the Bon Jusous. Visit the commercial city center and enjoy the wide pedestrian zone and drink a coffee at the Centennial Brasileira. Visit the cathedral, one of the oldest churches in Portugal and also the other churches that you will find all across the city. Attend a concert at Teatro Circo, in one of the most beautiful venues in our country, at the creative city in media arts of UNESCO. Visit Braga Central Park and enjoy the view from Picoto Hill.