Welcome to another edition of Haiti. Haiti is a series of videos where I address viewer questions and comments. These viewer questions and comments typically come from the YouTube comments, Mastodon, Patreon, Reddit, sometimes through email. And the first comment that I want to address today goes something like this, and I've gotten this one many, many times.  You can't look at a distro for a few hours or even a few days and really know anything about it. You have to live in that distro and you have to live in it for three to six months is typically what people tell me. So if you don't live in a Linux distribution for six months at a time, you really can't do a proper distro review. And maybe they're right. Maybe they're not. But here's the thing. I don't do distro reviews. If you look at when I take a look at Linux distros, various Linux distros, I don't call them Linux distro reviews. I don't claim to be reviewing the distro. Typically when I look at Linux distros, you know, the latest releases of particular Linux distros, I call them first looks or first impressions, not distro reviews, because I agree. If you're going to say it's a distro review, you got to live in it for a little while. But here's the thing. I don't think Linux distro reviews are important. I don't think they matter at all. I actually think Linux distro reviews are kind of garbage content. If I lived in any Linux distro for six months and then came back and made a video on it, it's going to be fantastic. You know why? It's because I lived in it for six months. I made it my own. I customized it. It will in no way resemble what that distribution looked like on day one. As a matter of fact, six months from now, you shouldn't even call it the name of that distribution because at that point, it's really DTSOS at that point. And of course, it's going to be fantastic when I review it six months from now because it's my operating system, right? I'm the one that hacked on it and customized it and made it my own. Really, I think I would be doing you guys a disservice. I think many people that do these lengthy distro reviews and by lengthy, I mean they live on them for a few weeks or a few months and then review the distro. I think they're doing you guys a disservice. I think they're doing the developers of those Linux distributions a disservice because the developers need feedback. They need to know what's wrong with their Linux distribution, especially when somebody opens it up and tries to install it, tries to look at it for the first time. That is the most important thing. Day one is much more important than day 365 that somebody spent on a Linux distribution. The last video I did was a first look and first impression of ArchCraft and I trashed that distribution and it was fair though. That was not unfair criticism. When I opened it for the first time, I couldn't even read the text and people are like, well, you just need to go and change the font. How do you change the font? Well, you go through the menu system. Yeah, the menu system you can't even read the first time you log into the distribution and the main developer of that distribution of ArchCraft needs to know that's a problem. And I'm sure I'm probably not the only one that's told him that, but maybe he doesn't think it's a big enough of a problem. But maybe after my video, maybe some of the criticisms he's going to get, especially from viewers of the channel that also take a look at his distribution, maybe he will finally address that problem. And if the developers of these distributions don't want to address some of these what I think are critical problems, especially when people are first taking a look at a distribution, then that tells you all you need to know about that distribution too. Now, I think I do a service here by doing these first look, first impression kind of videos, because really at the end of the day, first impressions matter the most. The next question is, hey, DT is brave truly the best option when it comes to web browsers. And I think brave is a fantastic web browser. I think it's one of the best options out there. So you know, there's a lot of web browsers out there. There's a million of them, right? But for me personally, I will not run a proprietary web browser. So I don't care how good Chrome is or Vivaldi or Microsoft Edge or Opera or any of that garbage. I will only run free and open source software. When it comes to web browsers, there's no reason not to. There's so many good open source browsers out there on my system. I have four or five open source browsers installed right now, including Brave. Also have Mozilla Firefox is installed, Qt browser is installed. I love Qt browser, bad wolf, which I've taken a look at on the channel recently. And I've probably got one or two others that escaped my mind surf. Now I keep my personal build of surf around as well. And all good browsers, especially, you know, Mozilla Firefox is probably the one I want people to really consider because I think Mozilla as a company, you know, they're all in on free and open source software. And I think Firefox is such a good browser. And it is the only mainstream browser out there that's not based on the Chromium engine. And unless you really want Google to completely dominate the web, and we're very close to that being a real possibility, once you get pretty much 100% of the web, people that view the web, view it using a Google web engine. Well, Google can make any web standard they want. There's nobody else to argue with them on any web standard. It doesn't matter what the W3C or any governing body says about the web, they don't matter at that point. The only thing that matters is the person that makes the web browser. And if everybody's using Google Chrome at that point, Google runs the web, they make all the decisions, they hold all the keys. And there's very few alternatives to Chromium based web browsers out there. Mozilla Firefox is the only one that has any serious chance of ever gaining market share to the point where it can maybe compete with Google Chrome. It used to be one of the most popular web browsers on the planet. It used to have 50% market share, maybe even more at one point, but it slowly eroded over the last decade to the point where now probably less than 10% of the web uses a Firefox based browser. And I think that's unfortunate. It's getting to the point where I really worry about the long term viability of Firefox and Mozilla as a corporation. So I know not everyone cares about the free and open source movements, but if you do care about that, you really should be running Mozilla Firefox just based on principle. And you should be promoting Firefox and trying to get as many of your friends and family to run Firefox. And it doesn't matter what they think about free software, open source software, Linux, most of these people are just normies, right? They're running Windows anyway. You see them running Google Chrome. Hey, you know what? I use Firefox and it's really neat. Maybe you should try it. And who knows? They might actually like Firefox. And the more people we get on that train, maybe we can reverse this very disturbing trend where Firefox just keeps losing market share to Google Chrome every single day. The next question is, hey, DT, are you a Buddhist? And people ask me that because of the statue that you often see behind me in my videos. I had that statue for a while and it's always been on the desk or a shelf oftentimes in a frame of the camera when I'm recording. And I guess just to answer this straight away, no, I'm not a Buddhist. I actually don't claim to be a member of any organized religion. I don't have an affiliation of any particular church, mainly because I don't see the need for it. Because I like studying all world religions, whether it be Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, various other religions. I mean, I have a book of Mormon around here I've read, you know, I've read the English version of the Quran, you know, just whatever I can get my hands on. I find all of this stuff fascinating because I find messages that I can take from all of these various religions. Many of the spiritual gurus and these various religions, many of them are preaching the same message, right? You would be surprised once you study these things how similar they all are. Ultimately, they're all spreading that message of don't be judgmental. Don't judge other people, right?  Don't worry about what other people are doing because the minute you start being judgmental, the moment anger starts creeping in. Think about that. Every time you've ever been angry about something, it's because you took something personal.  So the minute you eliminate that you're no longer angry. Ultimately, anger leads to hate. Hate leads to violence. The next comment I want to address is, hey, DT, can you please interact more on your Mastodon account? And I got this the other day, and I thought this was a little strange because I do post on Mastodon nearly every day. I typically post on Mastodon every time I put up a new video, but I post other things on Mastodon. I'm not on Mastodon 24 seven, but I probably post on Mastodon once or twice every single day. And when people message me, I typically answer them. Now, I don't answer everybody mainly just because of time and because I don't always have a web browser open and getting my Mastodon messages because I'm doing things like this. When I'm recording, it's typically several hours the process. I don't have any distractions. I don't have chat up. I'm not going to have Discord, IRC. I'm not going to have social media of any kind up. I'm not going to get any notifications for that block of time. I'm sorry. So if you message me during that time, I'm not going to respond. And even going back afterwards, you know, if I have time, I might respond if I don't. That's just the nature of it. Obviously, my primary concern here is making content for you guys. I think that's your primary concern is you guys want this content. You guys don't want me to be your online buddy and chat with you on Discord or hang out on Mastodon. That's not what this relationship is all about. So ultimately, what I want to do is I want to put out good quality video content for you guys. And I can either do that or I can hang out on social media and pretend to be your online friend, but you guys probably already have enough fake online friends. You don't need another one. The next question is, hey, DT, thank you for all your videos. But regarding all of your recent videos about the free software movement, where do video games fit into all of this? And he especially asked about AAA video games because some of these AAA video games have millions, some of them tens of millions of dollars in budgets. So, you know, you got to pay all of these developers and artists and designers and everything and musicians to make these gigantic AAA titles, you know, these video game titles, how can you do that and have them also be free software? Won't AAA games always have to be proprietary because that's the only way they'll ever make their money back to pay for the development? I don't think that's the case, though. People seem to put video games in a category all by themselves. Like there's something different with video games, you know, you can't open source video games because you can't make money, but all the other open source software projects out there, they're doing okay. Well, not all of them, but there are plenty of open source software companies out there that make billions of dollars developing open source software. How's Red Hat doing? Red Hat, and of course, it's been bought by IBM, but they were a billion-dollar company before IBM bought them. How's Canonical doing? They're a private company, but you can bet they're making bucket loads of money these days. How's companies like SUSE and Oracle? How's Microsoft doing these days? Now, Microsoft still makes a ton of money on all their proprietary projects, but Microsoft, more and more, is getting into open source, and they're not getting into open source, you know, to hemorrhage money, right? They're getting into open source to make money. We all know that you can make money with free and open source software. Stalman proved this way back in the day. When Richard Stalman first started the free software movement, Richard Stalman, of course, helped create GNU Emacs, and that's free software. And Richard Stalman, for a while, actually made a pretty decent living just going around and giving support for Emacs. You know, people wanted support, and he was the guy. He created it, so, hey, we'll pay you to come teach us how to use Emacs and do this and that.  And of course, people would pay for that. I mentioned Red Hat and Canonical. How are they making money on their Linux distributions? Well, they're making money through support. They're not selling their Linux distributions. That's free.  Now, getting back to how these AAA video games can make money. I'm not much of a gamer. I don't know much about the development of these games, and I don't actually play video games. So I'm probably the wrong person to ask, but everybody else is able to make money on their free and open source software in some way, you know, besides just having to close source the software. So I'm sure these AAA titles could do that too. They could make money by selling some kind of service, subscription services for something. The problem with the gaming industry is they've never been a part of the free and open source software movement. Nobody's ever tried to open source any video game, really, anything that mattered. And I think that's the problem is we just have to have one company make a stand, one AAA company, you know, just make a stand and start putting out open source games and figuring out how they can make it work, how they can make money, putting out open source games. And the minute you have one company try it and succeed, everybody else will get on that bandwagon with us. The next question I want to read is, hey, DT, if your only goal is to spread the message of free software and spread the message of freedom, why are all your videos monetized by Google? He's talking about on the YouTube channel, all of my videos are monetized ads play and, you know, Google makes money on those ads and they give me a small percentage of, you know, the ad revenue on that. And this question makes no sense because we've already mentioned the free software movement has nothing to do with me making money from Google ads. It's a weird question.  We're just going to take the second half. So forget about the free software movement and freedom. Let's just stick with hey, DT, why are your videos monetized on YouTube? I think Fita just asked that. That makes more sense. And sometimes people do ask this other than the obvious, hey, you monetize your videos so you can make money so you can get paid a little bit for the work you put in. But really most YouTubers, when they start monetizing their channels, most YouTubers make most of their money with other sources of revenue other than the Google ads that play on your YouTube videos. Most of them are making money through sponsors, corporate sponsors or affiliate links or Patreon or PayPal donations. You know, they're monetizing their work in other ways. Typically, they monetize their work in several other areas. Many of them make so much more money in those other areas other than the ads. Some YouTubers do turn off the ads on their channels. Very few do this, but some do. And those that do are making a critical mistake. You guys that are watching, if you have a YouTube channel, and I know many of you guys that watch my content also have channels of your own, if you have a channel where you've met the threshold where you can start monetizing your videos with Google ads, you need to do that. And it's not about making money or anything like that.  Because you don't make them any money. Think about all the videos I put out. I've put out like 800 videos in the last three years.  I cost YouTube a ton of money. If I don't let them make that money back by actually running ads on my videos, then what's to say one day they just cancel my account, just delete it. Because all I'm doing is sucking up bandwidth and costing them thousands, maybe tens of thousands of dollars a year, and they're not making any of it back because I refuse to let them show ads on my videos. It's ridiculous. And to be honest, I think it would be unfair for people to do that because when you think about how much money Google spends to host YouTube videos, they need to make money. Otherwise, the platform is just going to die and there will be no YouTube. So you need to let Google run those ads. And there's no reason not to. You're going to make a little money yourself as well.  What's the one thing that they all had in common before they got kicked off the platform? They were all demonetized, right? It got to the point where Google couldn't show ads on their channels because advertisers didn't want to be associated with those channels. So the minute these large YouTubers, they can't be monetized in any way, why the hell does YouTube even want them on the platform? Because all they're doing is costing Google money at that point. You're actually costing Google so much money that it's in their best interest to find a way to cancel you. And the final question for this edition of Haiti is Haiti, why did you decide to start making YouTube videos in the first place? Because recently, I've been required to make some YouTube videos for work due to the COVID-19 pandemic. And I totally hate it. I'm curious what attracts other people, including you, to make YouTube videos? That's a great question. I think, like most YouTubers, I started out with absolutely no idea what I was doing and with really no plans. And that's seriously how I started out. When I started out, I really, I didn't watch YouTube. I didn't know much about YouTube. I didn't know anything about audio or video or they didn't have equipment.  And I didn't know anything about audio editing, video editing, creating graphics as far as creating good thumbnails and things like that. I went into it with zero knowledge. And I think that's what most people on YouTube do. And you start doing it. And I decided one day, I see other people making these videos on things like YouTube and Facebook and other platforms.  I was like, you know what? I'm going to put out some good content. And I'm really passionate about Linux. So I'm going to put out Linux videos. So I came up with a named distro tube and I just started making videos. I just started recording myself with that crappy webcam and that horrible mic.  The very first time I turned on the camera and started recording, I realized, you know what? I'm pretty good at this. And by good, I'm talking about speaking to people. I'm good at public speaking. Most people, when they turn on a camera and have to just start speaking off the cuff, this is not scripted. Very little that I do is actually scripted. Most of it is I just turn on the mic and the camera and I just start talking to you guys. And for some people, that's difficult because of nerves. They know this is basically public speaking right now. When I turned on this camera and started talking, I know potentially I'm talking to thousands of people right now through that camera and I'm okay with it. It doesn't bother me at all. So the more I did it, the even more comfortable I became at it. And then the more I wanted to get better at the whole process, then the more at first I wanted to learn about audio and bought some better audio equipment, started learning about audio editing. And then after that, I wanted to learn a little more about video, video editing. And then I wanted to learn about the whole process of thumbnails.  That's what attracts people to your videos. I wanted to learn more about that. And then I needed to learn more about the rest of the process, creating titles and descriptions and everything else. Then you need to worry about the lighting and there's so much involved. Now, and people have no idea how much work is involved just making a video. And as one of those people that enjoy learning stuff, I'm one of those nerds. I like learning stuff, especially Linuxy stuff.  And I've just had a blast. It really has been fun. I've been doing this for nearly three years. I've made 800 videos in three years and it's a ton of work, a ton of work. Thousands of hours have went into this and it's been enjoyable.  And I think the main reason most YouTubers eventually burn themselves out and just have to quit all together is because it's not enjoyable anymore to them. Maybe it was never enjoyable for them. You know, many of them go into it maybe not understanding the amount of work involved. They didn't know what they were getting into in the first place. I knew this was going to be a lot of work. So I'm fine with that. Many YouTubers just don't find it enjoyable because they're not doing topics that they actually want to cover. You know, they're chasing views. So they're making content that they really don't want to be making. That's not really them. Many of them are not themselves on camera.  Of course, you're going to burn out. You know, I would hate that. I could never not be myself. That's one of the things, you know, I want to be genuine in my videos and you guys, again, if you have YouTube channels out there, be genuine.  Now before I go, I do need to thank a few special people. I need to thank Michael, Gabe, Nate, Corbinian Mitchell, Entropy UK, John, Devon, Fran, Art5530, Chris, Chuck, DJ, Donny, Dylan, George Lewis, Omri, Paul, Robert, Sean, Tobias, and Willie. They are my highest tier patrons over on Patreon. Without these guys, this edition of Haiti wouldn't have been possible. I also need to thank each and every one of these ladies and gentlemen, all these names you're seeing on the screen right now, these are all my supporters over on Patreon because DT, he doesn't have any corporate sponsors. It's just him and you guys, the community. If you'd like to support my work, look for DistroTube over on Patreon. All right, guys. Peace.


The next item of business is topical questions. In order to get as many members as possible, short succinct questions and responses would be appreciated. At question number one, I call Emma Roddick. To ask the Scottish Government what its response is to the UK Government's fiscal statement last week. Cabinet Secretary, John Swinney. The Chancellor's statement provided little respite for many families who are already facing a winter unable to afford essentials like food and heating their homes. The UK Government needed to use its reserved powers to provide support for those who need it most, but instead we got tax cuts for the rich and not much for anyone else. The Chancellor is taking a huge gamble with the public finances and the health of our economy, and the markets have reacted strongly. The pound fell to record lows on Monday. The cost of government borrowing has risen to its highest level in over a decade and investor confidence is plummeting. Many households are now going to face much higher mortgage costs as a consequence of those decisions. We are doing everything within our power to support people, public services and the economy, but those efforts are under threat by a UK Government beginning anew and dangerous race to the bottom. That is not a race that we are willing to run. We will not be replicating the Tory's reckless tax cuts, but we will consider carefully the correct measures for Scotland. I intend to seek advice from an expert panel specifically convened to consider the implications of the mini-budget and will also embark on discussions with business and trade union interests. The Scottish Fiscal Commission will incorporate the impact of any changes in their next forecasts. I intend to report on those issues to Parliament as part of the emergency budget review in week commencing 24th of October. The damaging impact of the UK Government decisions on Friday demonstrate why Scotland needs the full range of financial powers to avoid living at the mercy of bad decisions taken in Westminster. I thank the Deputy First Minister for that reassuring answer. Households across Scotland are facing very real financial pressures right now due to the rising cost of living. The Joseph Rowntree Foundation has said that the mini-budget willfully ignored families struggling through a cost of living emergency and instead targeted its action on the richest. Does the Deputy First Minister think that letting the ultra wealthy keep more of their money during a cost of living crisis should be any Government's priority? Cabinet Secretary. I don't think that that should be the case. The UK Government is pinning all of its hope on a discredited approach to trickle-down economics, benefiting high-enders as opposed to those most in need now, which should be the priority of the United Kingdom Government. Against a backdrop of political instability at the UK level, we will continue to take a responsible approach to tax policy, building on our fair and progressive approach to taxation, which has protected low-earners while raising additional revenue for public services. I can assure the chamber that the Scottish Government will take sensible, careful decisions that are about helping those who need that assistance the most. Emma Roddick. Time and time again, almost every decision the UK Government makes continues to drag Scotland down a path that its voters have explicitly made clear that they do not want. Does the Deputy First Minister agree that it is clearer than ever that it is only with the powers of independence that we can deliver on the priorities of people in Scotland and build a fairer economy for all? Cabinet Secretary. I do agree with Emma Roddick on that point. I think that what was very clear from the mini-budget on Friday was the dramatically different direction that the UK Government wishes to take in contrast to the prevailing democratic decisions that have been arrived at in this chamber, which, of course, is a product of the choices made by the people of Scotland. Of course, those two factors are not in any way separate because the implications of the UK Government's decisions on Friday will be felt acutely on the Scottish Government and on the Scottish public finances. I would have thought in a mini-budget that, at a time of a cost of living crisis, the priority would have been to support the most vulnerable and to ensure that public expenditure was boosted to cope with the raging levels of inflation that are undermining the value of public expenditure. None of that happened on Friday. Indeed, my concern, looking at the publications from the United Kingdom Government and their statements, is that the pressure on public expenditure in the years to come is going to become even more intense than what I set out to Parliament in my statement two weeks past Wednesday. Douglas Lumsden. Cabinet Secretary, you said that you would reflect carefully on UK Government tax cuts following the announcement of the mini-budget last week, but today you seem to have already rolled that out. Some of the Scottish Government's former economic advisers warned that Scotland cannot afford to fall further behind the rest of the UK in the tax gap. So why will you not ensure that tax cuts are passed on, but not to the rich but to our doctors, nurses, teachers and police who face being taxed more during the cost of living crisis than their colleagues in the rest of the UK? Cabinet Secretary. Mr Lumsden has to work out what it is he is actually arguing for, because he said in his statement that I was, I assume from what he said, that he wants me to replicate in its entirety what the UK Government has set out. If that was the case, I would be taking decisions to reward the already very, very wealthy with significant tax cuts. So that is the reality of what Mr Lumsden is asking me to do. Mr Lumsden is saying from his signature position that that is not what he asked for. I have read numerous comments on the Conservatives demanding that I just get on and do what the UK Government has done. I am going to consider it all carefully. That is why I am going to take the necessary time to do it. I am going to draw together an expert panel to provide advice to the Government. It is why I am going to engage with business. It is why I am going to engage with trade union interests. I do not think that any of us should underestimate the scale of disruption and damage that was done by the announcements on Friday. Very damaging. I have to take a careful and prudential approach in managing the public finances of Scotland, and that is what I am going to do. Mr Lumsden's colleagues can engage in sound bites, but I will place a wager in front of Parliament that, at the same time as Mr Lumsden is arguing for tax cuts, he will have colleagues coming to this chamber demanding that I increase public expenditure on other things. Those two things cannot be done at the same time in the fiscal envelope provided by the United Kingdom Government. Alex Cole-Hamilton. Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. Black Wednesday hit almost 30 years ago to the day. It trashed the UK economy and with it any reputation the Conservative Party had for fiscal prudence, making their removal from office almost inevitable. The parallels to this financial crisis we are experiencing now are uncanny. Much has been written in recent months about routes out of the cost of a living emergency, but literally no-one was asking who will think of the millionaires. Does the Deputy First Minister agree with me that the UK Government must immediately recall Parliament to walk back this mini-budget, reinstate the top rate of taxation, make energy companies pay their way while delivering relief for struggling families? I find myself in the rather unusual position today of agreeing with most of what Mr Cole-Hamilton said there, which is a slightly discombulating situation, but there are serious issues that he raises. Future generations are being lumbered with colossal costs of borrowing because a windfall tax has not been applied to energy companies. Various very wealthy people are being given even more money when people are facing destitution in our society, so I entirely support the call for the United Kingdom Parliament to reconvene immediately for these measures to be rectified because there is damage to individuals. We will be seeing it already. We have very disappointed people who expected they were able to be taking the course to acquire properties and to get their first step on the property ladder, and that will have been taken away from them by the recklessness of the decisions on Friday. I do hope that Mr Cole-Hamilton's call for the recall of the United Kingdom Parliament is exceeded to it, and I would support it. Question 2, Monica Lennon. Thank you, Presiding Officer. To ask the Scottish Government what action it is taking to promote participation in Scotland's climate week 2022, which runs from 26 September to 2 October. Cabinet Secretary, Michael Matheson.  This is supported by our climate conversations pack and a toolkit to help individuals and organisations to get involved in climate week, which is made available on the website netzeronation.scot. We are encouraging broad participation across Scotland through our social media channels and our participation with the public, private and third sector, including enterprise agencies, local authorities and community network. The Scottish Government is also delivering three public events, which sits alongside a ministerial engagement programme and a series of announcements. Monica Lennon. I'm grateful to the Cabinet Secretary for his response. This week, Zoe and her mule Falco have arrived in Lanarkshire as part of the Walk for Earth, a journey taking them from Oxford to Loch Lomond in support of the Stop Equicide International campaign. Along the way, Zoe has been having many conversations with well-wishers who have voiced their strong support for ecocide law. This is particularly poignant during Scotland's climate week, when the late Holly Higgins, Scottish Barrister, author and environmentalist in spearheading the ecocide law campaign. What will the Scottish Government do to ensure that Scotland plays a key role in this movement for ecocide law? First of all, I want to put on record my thanks to the work of Zoe and Falco in their walk at the present time in bringing attention to what is a very important issue. Members will appreciate that, in Scotland's present moment, we have very robust protections for both animals and habitats. We have also made clear our commitment to looking at how we can add further to this through a new natural environment bill and also through our biodiversity strategy. I am aware of what is a growing international campaign to see a fifth statute be added to the Rome statute of international criminal courts with a view to making a provision for ecocide. Clearly, we are monitoring developments with this very closely and the impact that that might have on Scotland's law. I am keen to make sure that, in Scotland, we are doing everything that we can to play our part both at a domestic and international level to support and tackle the issue of ecocide. I am more than happy to engage with colleagues across the chamber to look at how we can develop those further. Monica Lennon The director of Stop Ecocide International, Jojo Meta, has said that one of the most important steps that national governments can take is to publicly express their support for an amendment to the Rome statute to add ecocide as a fifth crime against peace. It has been discussed at a parliamentary and government level in 23 countries already. I ask the cabinet secretary if him and his colleagues will work with me and Stop Ecocide International to explore further how we can include ecocide law in Scotland's response to the climate and nature emergency. The cabinet secretary. We all have a collective responsibility to make sure that we protect our natural environment, not just for this generation but future generations to come. We should leave Snowstone unturned in seeking to do so and ensuring that we have the necessary robust legislative provisions in place in which to achieve that. I am more than happy to take on the invitation from Ms Lennon to engage with her and with other stakeholders around the whole issue of ecocide and how we can ensure that Scotland is playing its part in helping to support not just what we do here locally but also at a national level and internationally to help to make sure that we tackle the increasing challenge of biodiversity loss and nature loss right across the globe. Natalie Dawn Climate change in the destruction of nature are twin emergencies that need to be treated with the same urgency. Can I therefore ask the cabinet secretary what is the Scottish Government's assessment of UK Government's retained EU law revocation and reform bill and the impact that this could have potentially have on environmental standards here in Scotland? We are deeply concerned and we are fundamentally opposed to the UK Government's retained EU law bill as it is presently drafted. The retained EU law bill provides Scotland with very robust standards on environmental regulations around a whole range of areas. The concern that we have is that this bill would effectively seek to remove 40 years of protection for what can only be described as some ideological drive towards deregulation and a race to the bottom. Fundamentally, it could under mind controls around polluting substances ensuring that the standards of water and air are being maintained and the protection of natural habitats and wildlife as we have just been touching upon. That is why we are fundamentally opposed to this bill from the UK Government. To add insult to that is that the UK Government also intends to use this bill to take powers in order to legislate in areas that are in the competence of this Parliament without our consent or our consultation. That is unacceptable and I believe that this is a bill that could undermine both our environmental and natural environment protections. Liam Kerr. Scotland's biodiversity and natural capital forms a vital part of Scotland's climate response. The Sunday's Post reported at the weekend that NatureScot had withdrawn its objections to a controversial wind farm application in the Highlands. Apparently because of the development of so many other wind turbines in the area it means that it can no longer be categorised as wilderness. How does the cabinet secretary envisage ensuring that in the drive towards renewables this Government does not inadvertently compromise our biodiversity and natural capital, which is an integral part of the climate emergency and thus climate week? I can't comment on individual applications for energy consent as they come to me for ministerial consent. What I can say is that as a Government we are absolutely determined to do everything we can to make sure that we play our part in tackling climate change, to decarbonising our energy systems and investing in renewables and all the economic and social and environmental benefits that will come from that. I can also say to the member that helping our environment is by expanding nuclear provision and the potential risk that it poses and extending fracking as the UK Government has chosen to do which will obviously have a very negative impact on biodiversity and natural living. That concludes topical questions. The next item of business is a debate on motion 6063 in the name of Angus Robertson. On Scotland's population meeting the needs of our communities economy and public services. I'll allow a moment or two for members to to organise themselves and I invite members who wish to speak in the debate to please press their request to speak buttons now.


And welcome back to the Cube SiliconANGLE's premiere video production. We're here live at .conf Splunk's annual user conference. We're at the Cosmopolitan Hotel in Las Vegas. I'm Jeff Kelly from wikibon.org and I'm here with my co-host Jeff Frick from SiliconANGLE. Thank you Jeff. Well, we've had quite a day here at the conf, conf 12. And now we've learned what Splunk is all about, what used to be the dive into the deep dark cave of your log data. Thankfully, learning that from Rob and from where. Right. Splunk apparently is making it easy and fun. We keep hearing people love using the tool, you know, making kind of data analytics a fun thing to do. Yeah. As opposed to looking at all that data and saying, oh boy, what am I going to do with all that? Yeah. There's been a lot of fun today. I think the constant kind of reinforcement of this message of how important the culture is of the company and the fun of the company and our viewers, you didn't get to see how crazy Eric and Rob were really having a good time. They obviously like each other a lot and they definitely have a culture. The fact that Tom, our host and PR director, talked so much about how Godfrey is such a special guy and the way that he leads and his desk is out in the open at the company. He's not behind a desk and it sounds like all he does is visit customers, which is fantastic. His enthusiasm for customers and the way people are using this tool, it's so much more than what was a data center centric log file tracker. I think it's still probably the vast majority of the usage, but where this company's going and what it can do and kind of their mission is much more than that. It's really been a fun day. Yeah, absolutely. I think everyone's really happy with the company right now. They're doing very well. They're definitely on a hot streak, but definitely challenges lie ahead. They've mentioned the fact that we're only going to see more and more types of machines with sensors and all sorts of new data sources coming online, and that's going to put the pressure on Splunk to continue delivering kind of the functionality, the applications to make sense of all that and help people actually draw correlations that help their business. So they've come a long way. They've done an excellent job with the IPO and had a great quarter, but long term, there's still a lot of challenges. They definitely seem up to it, but it's a really interesting world we're living in. There's so many big data startups out there as well. They have lots of competition to deal with. There's already been one former Splunker has moved off and started his own company called Logly. They're focusing on a similar market, and then you've got the more legacy players, ArcSight, now part of HP, plays in this market as well. It takes a definitely different approach, but my point is there's going to be some competition. Sure. They've got their work cut out for them, but definitely a really, really good day. Saw some really interesting use cases. What's for you, Jeff? We're like, you know, the maybe one or two real big takeaways you took from today. Again, I think the culture thing that I touched on before I think was pretty significant. I too have been at a lot of startups. I know a lot of the folks out in TV land have as well, and it's really hard. It's very seldom that there's a company that starts on a mission and then is able to execute that and grow and deliver a real company delivering real value to real customers. I thought it was interesting that they came at this approach really looking for a problem. I think that's atypical. I think most of the time you talk to really successful companies, it was usually a person in a role that said, God, if I only had one of these, my job would be so much better, so much easier. And then they go out and build that thing. So I thought that was an interesting comment that Rob said, where they really did their due diligence in their homework for a couple of years trying to really investigate where was an opportunity and the fact that they kind of, I don't want to say stumbled upon because they worked on it for two years. This data log file issue and this morass and no ability to really make sense of it or do anything with it. And in fact, as you said, and that was kind of the leading wave of what has now become this big data trend, I thought was pretty interesting as well. Yeah, absolutely, I agree. I think for me, a couple of big takeaways, definitely the culture. I mean, you can tell, and not just the culture within the company, the culture around their customers as well. I mean, everybody here that we've had on today, we've had some great customers, we're very excited about the product. They've all talked about, again, how easy it is to use, how they're drawing correlations they never really could before. And really, in some cases, are building businesses on Splunk. So the enthusiasm and the kind of quirky nature of some of the execs inside of Splunk who are some really interesting guys, really some cool titles. I think I'm going to take their advice and change my title every two or three days on Twitter. I'll come up with something good for the by the end of the day. Not Chief of Awesome is taken, but I'll come up with something. So that definitely struck me. I mean, I think this is clearly not, despite the IPO, this is not a button down corporation. This is definitely a group of guys and women that love to have fun, but also love what they're doing. So that's a good thing. You like to see that in a company. Also, I just think the technology is just powerful. I mean, I think that's the big thing for me is the culture's great. But if you don't have a technology that can back it up, a product that can actually deliver, then you have a problem. That's not a problem Splunk has. And clearly they are hitting all the use cases their customers are looking for. They've built in enough flexibility in the platform to allow their customers to do other kinds of things to explore on their own, different use cases. And that's very important because you can't have a rigid kind of data structure type model if you want to survive in the big data world. And clearly Splunk understands this, make the product so that it's easy to integrate new data sources, easy to build up new applications and whatnot. So yeah, I mean, they've got the culture and they've got the technology. So two very important parts of any successful company. And they're locking tremendous inefficiency and undiscovered business value. The message bus guys, the fact that they can basically recreate a messaging business, how long has messaging been around in email a long time. And use the Splunk technology to recreate a new platform for messaging. Leveraged across multiple clouds, public and private. And even use the intelligence within the application to partition the loads based on either the economic realities or working efficiency. I thought it was pretty neat to the point where they can actually build a business on that, deliver great value to their clients, and make enough money to pay their investors down the road. I think, as again, as I said, my buddy Mill Grand at CR Ventures, who's so excited about big data, because there's just a ton of inefficiency. But this new technology is allowing us to attack where we've done it in other places like in CRM and ERP and other kind of technology waves that have really impacted what's going on. And of course, now they're talking about automotive, which is kind of fun. How much data is coming out of automotive? Look at automotive as a kind of a harbinger of new efficient ways to do things all the way back to Henry Ford and doing things on a simply line instead of a bunch of guys standing around a chassis in a garage. Right. I don't think Henry, back 100 plus years ago, was thinking about the possibility of running advanced analytics against this car, but it would come a long way. So you're watching theCUBE. This is SiliconANGLE's flagship video production. We're live here at .com 2012. That's Splunk's annual user conference. This is their third annual conference. We've got over 1,000 attendees. That's customers and some partners, some really great customers we've had on theCUBE today, some really good conversations we've had. Another thing that kind of came through is just very clear that the premise that others have said as well, that data really is the new oil of this economy, it really is coming through. I mean, it's really backing up that premise that really the most important commodity or resource, natural or otherwise, a company has, is really their data and the ability to take advantage of that data in real time, near real time, depending on your definition, our definition being fast enough to have an impact, either safely customer, improve the process, whatever it may be, that's really what's going to separate winners and losers in the 21st century economy. And so that's one reason Splunk is having such success because I think more and more people are starting to realize that. We're definitely still at the early stages of this big data market, it's still early days. CEO Gottry Sullivan mentioned that three years ago he had a little bit of tougher time explaining to CIOs why their log data was important, it's not boring. It's very important if you can actually draw some analysis out of and draw some insight. And he's having a much easier time with that conversation today and I think that's only going to get easier over time and as you mentioned, we're moving to automotive data, we're talking about elevator data, you name it, so we're moving beyond that simple log file data from servers to other types of interesting data and that conversation, the conversation's really interesting. I'm looking forward to getting out on the floor a little later today and just kind of overhearing some of the customer use cases and hearing what they're talking about in different ways they might be using Splunk. Yeah, it's interesting, the oil analogy is a good one because before they knew what to do with the oil, I think it just messed up a lot of people's farms. But the fact that they can run different data sets against other data sets to come up with interesting correlations that they didn't know about. Really adds the context lens that makes data much more valuable, data as data is what it was before, what Splunk is enabling is context to be laid over that data to really extract the value. Again, I think an interesting thing is this whole world of APIs where no application exists in a silo anymore, how can I open it up and pull different sources of data? We saw the example with the Google Map API and drilling down based on longitude and latitude and one piece of data into the Google Map API. I think that's pretty interesting. But there is further to go. We had Marquez come in and talk about specifically doing a search or trying to do some analysis on something he was interested in and then finding out kind of ad hoc that there was this whole other path that he wanted to go down. And Michael said the same thing, his behavior was kind of ad hoc and I drill and I drill and I move around. Well, the next stage is to take care of the people that aren't quite so inquisitive, that aren't quite so smart, that aren't quite so interested in figuring out answers and just being told what to do. So where the system's actually just kicking it out and saying, okay, you need to do X because these things are correlated in such a way. So I think the roadmap is vast for these guys and where they can still go with this technology. Yeah, that's interesting. I like the way you put that. Kind of, you've got, some people are naturally curious and that's in their personal lives and at work and others maybe are less so. And so the more that you can prompt a user to start to uncover new things and new insights, the better. And so that's definitely an area that we should keep an eye on. I think from a customer perspective, as I mentioned, with all these different data sources coming online, I mean, it's really, these cases are limitless. It's just a matter of your imagination at this point. We're really getting to the point where pretty much every facet of life is going to be tracked in some sense and that's a scary thing in some ways but it also opens up all these possibilities of new ways of helping, not just business, but helping the planet, helping with social causes, depending on your point of view. So there's just, the sky's the limit in terms of what can happen, who the winners and losers will be, I think are the companies that take advantage of these tools and these possibilities. And the ones that kind of shun it and continue to focus on the old ways of doing things, ultimately I think they're going to be left behind because really there's no industry that I think big data is not going to impact. I think we've seen that with some of the use cases here and the cross section of industries represented at this show. Right, and then the other piece that I don't think was as mature as I may be expected it to be and I don't know if those were good expectations but kind of the whole partner pavilion and the partner application space. Hopefully we'll get a few more of those tomorrow but I still think while the team and Godfrey and the guys have done a good job of maintaining the culture inside of Splunk, it's still one company and it's still one way of looking at the world and they've got the strategy to open up the platforms so other people can attack different problems with a different filter and a different context using the technology and that I think is again a whole other interesting thing that maybe will be at the Conf 2013 and a little bit bigger presence than it is here today but again, we're at the cube at Splunk, Conf 2012 in the Continental Hotel in lovely Las Vegas. The rains have stopped, the sun is down. We're giving you the wall to wall coverage that you want. We invite you to participate. Data journey, right data journey's been a long day. Data journey is the hashtag and of course the cube. I'm Jeff Frick, Silicon Angle, really enjoyed the day today with my co-host Jeff Kelly from wikibond.org. We look forward to seeing you all back tomorrow.  We're gonna try to kick off around 10 o'clock tomorrow. We've got another great group of some execs from Splunk. We've got some partners and customers as well. We'll have a few cube alums. We'll have Eddie Satterleaf, Chief Big Data Evangelist at Splunk. We've had him on before we're joining us. We'll have Dan Woods from Forbes.com, really well-known columnist. Read his stuff, really good stuff with Forbes, covering the big data space and some of the evolution of the market. We'll have him on kicking off the show around 10 o'clock. But yeah, we're gonna have a full lineup tomorrow. 10 o'clock on, another full day. We need to get our rest. We need to get our rest. We need to give a shout out to Dave and John. We know you're here in spirit, guys. Couple of other cube emeritus beyond cube alumni. But it's been a great day. I hope you guys have enjoyed it. I hope you feel like you've gotten a little bit more information as to what's going on here at Conf 2012. Thank you for being here. And I think, should we move on to the evening's festivities as they have here at the show? I think that's probably a good idea. So thanks everybody for watching. Really appreciate it. We'll see you here tomorrow at 10 a.m. Pacific on siliconangle.tv, The Cube.


Delta Dental, can you guess this tight? Man, that is a nice smile. The people at Delta Dental have to be so pleased and you have a look at it. He's got an extra look at it here. Mike Vrabel, can you guess this tight? I think I can. This is a valued Delta Dental customer. Yes. Yes, I can tell that. And it is Kevin Byrd. Wow. Kevin Byrd, he says, and then he gives it to David Letterman-Flip. Is he correct? Christian Fulton. You were in the secondary. 0 for 1.


Number three overall on points, and that was fourth at the online competition fourth at CEO first to dream hack Montreal third at East Coast Throwdown first at NEC That's quite a path for a year and in doing so he did run into Fox a few times a few times seven times overall throughout the pro Competition with a total head-to-head of five two in Fox's favor But those two victories over Sonic happens to tie the most victories against Sonic Fox out of anybody on the planet So if there is someone here that can do it it is ninja killer and is the most prepped for the matchup that we are going to see here 10-night David talk to me about whether they've played each other in this okay, so you know Happened to see these two just like all the other finalists here in the world practicing yesterday and the Knowledge that I saw in the Dubai ninja killer in this matchup Which we're not even going to get to see all of that means nothing here as ninja surprises us out of nowhere with an RKO pick of Johnny Cage Which matchup did you see them play we were I was looking for Liu Kang versus Joker here in Ninja only breaking out You know Liu Kang here one time one time throughout the entire tournament It's been all Liu Kang will see what the difference is going to be since I saw them play last Sonic box of course coming with ace of nades Joker You're gonna see a lot of setups a lot of range a lot of Jack in the boxes Joker here in MK 11 happens to bring the Biggest arsenal I think out of any character I've ever seen besides what we just saw in that spawn trailer. Are you kidding me? He's honestly a really fearful opponent. I mean he's very scary great great puts these great mix-ups of clothes good damage You wanted a character in this one. This character was almost designed with Sonic Fox in mind You know looking at the range looking at the way this character resets neutral off of every single touch Gapless and on top of that all the setups the way to think ahead to plan ahead to set all these traps up super Ready what Sonic has tried to do throughout their competitive career Well, it's not a box try that and immediately ate a shadow kick to the face Which is you know Ninja has almost the same read that he has with Liu Kang in those situations with flying kick Just replace it with shadow cake and it's almost the same right right right and that's really fast with my stool And that's what Ninja almost prides himself. I'm gonna be prides myself on it But but I from the outside looking in I pride himself on on his reaction incredible reactions. Absolutely, right a quick little duck by Fox Damage Okay, waking up with the button No fear whatsoever There's a placement of that to do the the close jack in the box Because you know it wants to be aggressive and what a whip on a ship in between I mean the reaction we were just talking it up and you can see exactly why right there Pretty not in the middle. This is right We want you with Johnny take him to the corner aka jail if you're this character. Yes, there's a plus six that's right a Very late throw and yet there's an engine killer ready for it. Oh, you can really see Fox is trying to mix in the timings Okay, and how many mix-ups are off of that fatal blow cancel two characters can get to their fatal blow in this game We happen to be looking at them. Is there a pattern here? There you go Okay, neither one taking mini risk at all right now has the fatal blow back actually could cancel it again Right here in the call out by Ninja on the down one look like Fox is going for that Ford one and All-purpose tool is that Ford one range when you see the money on fire come out Nicola absolutely ready Yes finds it. Mm-hmm damage comes gets the side switch and 378 damage for the effort to jump out of the corner with it couldn't have been a risk and Turning things around here for Ninja. Yes. Well, this is really stuff. He's got to find way out. I haven't seen it yet Yes, at least chance for them to escape here it is But you see that what a rare drop from Sonic right there that could have led to so Not only damage, but the setup afterwards goes. Yeah, extremely deadly throw after the fatal blow Joker does get a crushing blow on that throw 310 damage Because it was on cool down when he grabbed even though it came back during the animation still able to pop it It would have come up between the four two and the one You can definitely see the respect between the two players not just in the gameplay itself But in that kind of response by Fox to getting got with it down to this is the tone set It was that close and it came out to a read like that Again, the reactions out of Ninja Club is when I see Joker to a four two one at me. I'm usually holding. Oh, yeah, I'm scared Is that push to the corner? And this variation does have a mix-up off of that for one for where you know You some low option there also has the overhead pro bar Which we haven't seen too much of Sonic box actually get the hits into those pro bars to amplify to try to build a crushing blow We actually see Ninja killer break out of a couple of those Great and he went underneath that was sick. Oh here we go the amplifies three of those pro bars It gives an access to a very damaging crushing blow. Oh This does so much damage and let's put a smile on that face It is damaged on the other hand There's no more of the tricks with fatal blow on the cancel The cost of the health bar I take it.  Absolutely. I think my shoulders still a little bit thrown out if I'm being honest with you I'm making it through the jack in the box and loading up one more towards that crushing blow believe we're at two total Always got to keep track of those That does have an impact on whether there's gonna be a lower and overhead Oh And once again, he's he's so good at going between the highs and the mids up strings. I can't believe the whip on us That was incredible. I saw it next hit. We'll do it. That's right on the ground Once again, how many times are gonna see it? Yes, one for the low And whether it's amplified or whether it was gonna be crushed blow no longer matters right there A little disappointed that we didn't get to the crushing blow, right? Yeah You can't actually amplify it and get the cross That's right. Yeah And you know a lot of players do make that mistake of not knowing where they're at and just naturally ending that right anyway It didn't matter in that situation Here we go tied up for one game of peace and this has just been how this tournament has not start to end if you guys are Just now tuning in this has been in my opinion the best Mortal Kombat tournament I have ever seen with almost half of the matches going to game number five Twelve of twenty seven was it David? Yes, correct Huge range on that button and now amplifying it here sonic box. It's a chance of a pressure. It's been pretty light. Okay Things gets really good oaky as well, but not on that forward throw But hey with the health lead also has some really cool tools to put on screen to zone with the gunshot They can put out the apple by jack-in-the-box. Yep, just on cue right there. There's a turn there Fox not been able to just do that willy-nilly. Yeah, those have been punished It is the best in the world at micro ducking projectiles and getting those They called each other out for it And you saw Joker not able to get the kind of shadow kick punish cap forward one right into it What a cancel and Sonic Hawk sticks around and look at at the end of the day. Come on Where did that cost him David? Actually nothing. No To fight that fatal blow going to be going absolutely nowhere I just start off with a jump kick. It's a big damage. I saw the breakaway from sonic box No, I dare attempt right there. What's that? Jumping is active. Oh, that's about your only option in that exact situation Yeah, they were definitely playing around that kind of idea, but didn't you go? I got it very hard to do you guys watching from home that is Blocking that within a three-frame window and getting into the following input very tight stuff But this is why the guys are the best on the planet David Gonna be save the day Sonic box pressure With the whole string What a block You have to be thinking he just wanted to try to get one of those not my car one of those crowbars loaded That's a situation because you know if it's blocked, okay I'll hit just like this you start to feel a little bit better because the closer you get to that But the more powerful you feel it's like You know gaining power levels. Yeah, it is exactly like that the fourth one becomes super damaged into the corner I Love the little bat doll by the way. This character looks so sick And the fact that Joker has a wonderful Batman imitation to yeah, it's just icing on the cake here It's about a jack-o-box holds the other one. Yeah, you can hold it if you hold it long enough It's when the actual Because punish it's a big old crushing blow Uh what I think Sonic one of there was to get something into the armor and then put down in Enamplified box to cover that but the stand for a little too early like and this is just So now Ninji Kayla has to consider whether it's worth sticking with Johnny or the character that you saw last night And how did that go? I mean this is this is the character that he's known for Multiple multiple you can and how did it go when it was Liu Kang? Was it pretty free But we'll see because that was casual like like I also brought up You know these guys save a lot of things for this. Yeah, of course, of course, of course, but it is to pick the Liu King here Down to one Sonic one away from grand finals of final combat Going up against one of the nemesis is of the tour. Oh, yeah, it's been a great rivalry between these two players Only only three players have multiple wins over Sonic dragon. We have us being the top four. Oh, yeah Netsha kill here happens to be in the top four and rewind to I believe we're not By the way sick Joker costing I love it First wake up that that works because yeah Yeah, exactly, and it's just not super common in the top player meta And you know those things that steady that they saved up their sleeve with something like that, right? I don't know about you, but I saw fire out there. I Okay Right there on the full thing and ducking under and down. Okay. Oh, there was no breakaway Never mind wasn't even an option son of fuck's new and now it's match point Looking crisp here wanted wanted to do it all the way with Juggler. Oh Just Stop it at this point. You could have done what you did earlier make a read crouching actually get a punish No, let's just show off the fact that our reactions aren't that good. Yeah an execution Okay ready and what was that a reaction of the movement forward there? You kill out of that. I didn't want to see the rest keep it a safe for low Life here. What's it up building a crushing blow up his own with that as well? Yeah? Oh Oh Plus block it but didn't have the defensive meter During that cool down of the fatal half the viewers at home just did the same little like whence that I did Slowly on the approach Still on the approach and boxes back ninja killer up all the way to the corner Now there's a lot of respect and now double fatal blow territory Flying kick ninja stays alive. What awareness flying kick in that situation. That was beautiful One of the quickest things. Oh, yeah, that could have come out and with the damage to kill him through the armor of the breakaway Great range and almost every time she goes gotten out of that crowbar I don't know if there's a custom blow lined up on it because of that. I think all these breakaways are just to avoid that That's my guess Yeah, no meter for the up to the First time that Fox went for a stagger on that string and yet it was ready Yeah, I'll afford one there They're gonna get a trade that look to be in Sonic Fox's favor got tied up on health all over that throw a Yet again, you get that on the second hit is so wild All these two are playing some amazing Mortal Kombat right now. This is fast of quick reads quick reactions Did you kill us live it's not quite that we're gonna go to a game five just another on the night Here we go Can you believe it? I can this is definitely believe it right where we left off Just another game five on the night and it's gonna be Joker still that's what Fox said They're gonna stick with this character the entire way it is down to one ladies gentlemen Yep to the rescue. Oh Probably a little bit too late on that and it made looking flip over a little more than than they wanted right there But some of those things are just real tricky funky choice Second hit forth in this instance. Oh down to what'll read a little bit too late So did you go actually took advantage? Chance for pressure. We're gonna be here. Just just check it on to yeah both spent Here we go.   Oh this is so scary Life alert here Expecting the breakaway when none came what a screen in the past 20 seconds. Here we go. They were deleted Neutral completely reset Everybody in here is standing right now in anticipation of what's about to happen breaks the throat. Let's get a little calm back 2020 there's mama ninja killer in the crowd celebrating Not over yet, but what a sigh of relief Switching back


In this presentation, we're going to introduce the internal controls related specifically to cash. Cash internal control goals. Is it going to be the objectives of the internal control system over cash? We want to have the cash handling separate from the record keeping. So whoever is handling the cash, we would like to have them not to be the same person doing the record keeping. And therefore we have that separation of duties. We have the person that is entering the data not having as much of an incentive to steal the cash because they're not the ones handling the cash. The people handling the cash know that if they do steal it, the record keeping should pick that up and they are a separate person. Cash receipts are deposited to the bank. We want to make sure that the cash receipts are going to the bank as soon as possible, hopefully on a daily basis so that we're not accumulating cash. We don't want to cash to be piling up because if it is then we have a greater risk of theft to happen and greater loss if theft does happen. And we want to put it into the bank as soon as possible that'll help us basically to safeguard the cash. It'll also help us to record the cash more accurately the bank being someone who is going to have a separate record of the cash recordings as we go for us. Cash payments made by check or electronic funds transfer. The point here is that we don't really want to make our payments for purchasing for business with cash. And the reason is that there's no cash audit trail for it. I mean if we use cash we don't have a good audit trail. Now some people think of cash and they think well if I have cash payments no one could track that and possibly might think of that as a good thing that you know people can't see what you're doing or there you know some the government can't see what you're doing or something like that. But note that we want good record keeping of course when it's our records because we want to be able to go back and say hey what did I spend the money on? We want to have an audit trail so that when we look at our purchases we can see what happened. If we purchased everything with cash we don't have a good audit trail. We can't go back to our bank statement and say hmm what did I write to check for? Well who did who did we write to check for? We can easily find that when we write the checks. We also have control over someone who's going to sign the checks as opposed to possibly someone requesting that the cash payment be made. So if a cash payment is being requested by one department and or for a small business and one of our employees has a cash payment request or is dealing with the payables we could still take control over the check signing activity and that can be an effective internal control so that checks aren't written of course for illegitimate reasons. Electronic fund transfers can have similar types of internal controls and be quicker as well. So we could do that electronically as well and have a similar trail of tracking to see what is going on. And so the point here is to limit the cash disbursements so that we have that tracking. Cash and cash equivalence. Now cash is going to be anything that's going to be really liquid. Something that we're going to be able to pay off our short-term obligations with. We typically think of cash as being physical cash or something that's going to be in our bank account or our checking account. Now if we're talking about something that's going to be fairly equivalent to cash cash and cash equivalence we're talking about something that's going to be due really soon. Something that we could we could also basically have access to and pay off our accounts with very quickly. If we have a long term constraint on the type of investment that we have then of course we wouldn't be calling in a cash or cash equivalent. Managing cash. When talking about managing cash we're talking about the plan receipt to be able to cover payments. And this seems kind of obvious but when we talk about accrual accounting note that we're not accounting for our income statement our revenue and expenses with cash flows. So we want to make sure that as we do accrual accounting and we look to optimize our net income that we also go back and manage our cash flows because it is important for us to make sure that we are managing cash in such a way that we have enough cash to be able to cover our payments. However we want to have a minimum steady cash level at the same time. In other words it's not efficient of course to have a lot of cash for a business. The objective of the business is to earn revenue not to have a lot of cash at any given time. If we have a lot of cash at any given time that means that we have purchasing power that we're not putting and using effectively. We're just we're just holding on to it. So what we want to do is have that minimum level of cash that we need in order to go after opportunities that will happen. But at the same time we want to have enough cash to be able to make payments. So if we have too much cash then we're not being optimal with our purchasing power. And if we don't have enough cash of course then we're not going to be able to pay our bills. If we don't have a minimum amount of cash a level that is relevant then we're not going to be able to really go after those opportunities that may arise and need a little bit more cash at any given time. Managing cash. So how are we going to achieve these goals of the cash management? Well one we want to have collection of receivables meaning we want to do what we can in order for the cash to be collected sooner. We would like to have the cash sooner rather than later. This I mean can seem like not a big deal when you're talking about you know a few days or a month but businesses will spend a lot of time to try to get that money a little bit earlier. If you can get the money a little bit earlier it could be worth a lot one because of the time value of money and two just to make sure that you are keeping up with your cash flows having the cash on hand ready for opportunities. You want to be able to delay payments of liabilities. Again it seems it could get to the point of seeming trivial on on how you delay the payments for a couple days or something like that but any kind of delay of payment that you could have is going to be beneficial to the business. You want to be able to delay the payments and that will increase the amount of cash on hand at any given time. Assets are steady assets at a steady necessary level. Once again you you don't really our goal isn't to compile assets. If we if we make a lot of money if the business is doing really well and we don't want to put the money back into the business there's no growth opportunity that we see at any given time then we probably would give that money to the owners of the business whether they be stockholders or individuals if it's a sole private or company in order for the owners to then take that money and they don't want to hold on to it either. They want to invest it. You want to be making money on the money if there's no business opportunity within the business to be making money to grow the business then we should distribute that money to the owners so that they can make their own investments and make money with it. Plan and budget expenditures so we want to make sure that we have the plan we have a budget in place in order to know what those expenditures will be that'll help us to know what what cash level we need to have at any given time and have help us to have that steady level of assets that we will want to have over time if we know what those expenditures are have an idea of what they are in advance. Invest when there is excess cash. Now when we have again when we have excess cash we don't want to just hold on to the cash because we're not making any interest on it we want to invest it and we could you know invest it back into the company if there's growth opportunities or we want to invest it in something that we're making money on like a CD or something that we make a financial investment and get a return on meaning we're trading the purchasing power at any given time we can't use it in order for a greater return or we want to give it to the owners so that they can make their own personal investments whether they be the stockholders or they be the owner of the company.