Hi guys. So welcome back. This is Jason here from Nathaniel. In this lesson, we are basically going to explore the study of secondary dominance from a theoretical perspective and also using a masterpiece of a song called Doremi from the movie The Sound of Music. So what is really great about this melody is that every landing note of the melody line and by landing note I mean the long notes or the notes which are at the one of the bar. You have to notice that all of those are chord tones. And in some cases, a lot about this song has chords which are outside the key. In this case, the key of the song is B flat and I have covered the melody and the chords in the previous part. So if you haven't already do, head over and check out that part. If you don't know the melody to Doremi from The Sound of Music. If you do, just stick around. Even if you don't know the melody, it's fine. This is just to show you the chord movement of the song. So the song is on the key of B flat. Now you have a bunch of chords. You have your seven available triads which are B flat major, C minor, D minor, E flat major, F major, G minor, A diminished and of course you repeat that tonic chord. You don't have to repeat it. It's just there. So the major chords are 1, 4 and 5. Minor chords are 2, C minor, 3, D minor, 6, the G minor and you have the loan diminished chord which you rarely use in any case. Now this song uses these chords for sure as most songs in the key will, they will stick to the diatonic harmony but it also uses a lot of chords which are outside the scale. And this is governed by a topic of music called as secondary dominance. And secondary dominance come after something else called primary dominance. So first let's look at that. In a major scale like B flat, if you go up the fifth, it will be B flat, C, D, E flat, F. If you go to the F, the fifth, you play the major chord on the fifth. What happens is this chord seems to want to and really magnetically attracts towards the tonic or the root chord. F wants to go to B flat. That's because of those semitones between the A and the B flat. And if you couple it with the E flat which makes it an F dominant seventh. So there are two attractive things going on. There's E flat and then there's E flat D, E flat, E flat D. So the F seventh chord or just a plain and simple F major, it's job or somehow it just feels like it with the laws of musical physics to resolve to the tonic chord which in this case is B flat major because we are in the key of B flat major. So that's about the primary dominant. Find a scale, get its fifth, fifth goes to one always. Now you also have something called as the secondary dominance. Secondary dominance are chords which are still fifths of other chords of the scale. So it will not be the fifth of the home chord which is B flat. It will be fifth of the two or fifth of the three chord or fifth of the four chord, fifth of the five chord, fifth of the sixth chord or maybe even the fifth of the seventh chord. But the problem is if you do fifth of the seventh chord, you're resolving to a diminished chord. So you're going from something unstable to something even more unstable. So the fifth of the seventh is generally ignored, at least in theory it is actually ignored. So remember you have the fifth of the two chord which is the two minor, fifth of the three which is the three minor, fifth of the four which is the four major, fifth of the five which is the five major and fifth of the six which is the six minor or the relative minor in the key of whichever major scale. So you go B flat which is the one. Now C minor is the second. Now naturally C minor feels like it's left the house so to speak. B flat feels home but C is like away from home you know. It's like you've started your journey. But if you do a chord which pulls back to C minor, it'll make C minor itself sound stable because within that vicinity of chords, C minor is way more stable than the chord which is anchoring or resolving towards it. So how do I get the second redominant chord of C?  It's good to know your intervals. So you just skip immediately. The circle of fifths is also great for this exercise. In fact we've done a really nice lesson long long ago on circle of fifths using what's called as dominant resolution. It'll be in the description. Do check it out. So let's look at the two minor again of B flat which is C minor. Its fifth is G. So you do G major or G dominant 7th, G B D F and then it resolves to the two minor. Remember the two minor of B flat major is C minor. So its fifth is G resolves to C minor. So the primary dominant F 7th resolves to B flat, resolves to B flat and then G 7th resolves to C minor. Okay now we want to find the chord which resolves to the three minor which is D minor.  D's perfect fifth is A. So you do A7, D, D minor. Okay A7 becomes a secondary dominant of D minor and to name it you just say 5 of 3 or 3 minor. 5 of 3 minor. So far what do we have? The normal primary dominant F7 B flat. Okay resolving to the tonic and then you do 5 of 2. Okay that's G7 going to C minor and then you have A7 going to D minor. Okay now what's the 4? The 4 chord is E flat major. What is its 5th? It's B flat. Okay so that's B flat dominant 7th going to E flat. Okay B flat, E flat, B flat, E flat. It's also called in church music we call this the plagal cadence or the arm and cadence which is usually done at the end of a hymn. So you go so where did I resolve to the 4 even though habitually the 4 is like not a normal stable chord when you're composing songs in major but this is a beautiful concept because it allows you to kind of have another home, a secondary home. So again wherever we come from so far B flat. Primary dominant F7, F7 going to B flat, G7 going to C minor, A7 going to D minor. Okay so train your ear by singing the roots of the chords or anything to connect those two chords. Whenever you use a secondary dominant you need to use it in combination with the resolving diatonic chord otherwise I don't think it makes real sense it'll just be like jumping away and for no reason you know and you don't have a pathway to come back you know so you need to practice that those two chord sets or that cadence to kind of let your ear decide how you're going to connect even melodically between chord to chord so and then we have to go to E flat that's your E flat okay so that's resolving to the 4 so that's your 5 of 4 and now what's my 5 F major so what's the 5 of 5 right it's a funny name but you have to deal with that 5 of 5 F's 5th F C so you'll go C7 these are all 7th chords 7 chords will pull really well to to that landing so that's C7 going to F okay and let's move forward what's the 6 now G minor 6 is always minor what is G's 5th D this is actually not the right way to count it I'm just showing you for visualization but you need to just know that G's 5th is D you have to and study the circle of 5th it's really helpful there will be a circle of 5th playlist in our description I've done a lot of videos on the circle of 5th where I've really really stressed on the fact that the circle of 5th is actually even more important in learning scales you should probably do that as much or more as how you we tend to remember and get used to our scales so what's the circle of 5th playlist okay so you go where am I now I'm on the 5 oh sorry I was on the 6 so what's the 5 of 6 that'll be D7 and G minor okay D7 G minor and remember we avoid the 5 of 7 because 7 is diminished let's go through all the secondary dominance and then very shortly we're going to see how it's used in the great masterpiece of a song called Doremi from the sound of music so do stay tuned till the end fine so you have B flat what comes to B flat it's dominant so F B flat G7 C minor A7 D minor not D major D minor because it's B flat major scale okay D flat E flat E flat major then C7 which is the 5 of the 5 which is F and then D7 is the 5 of the 6 that's pretty much it in addition to your entire chord theory of the major scale you need to also plot out your secondary dominant chords and yeah there are a few more things we plot out like our chord extensions our parallel chords we'll get into that soon so secondary dominance is the focus because the song which I'm going to share with you which is a female dear pretty much revolves entirely around secondary dominance so now let's get started with analyzing do or dear and then applying what we learned using the theory of secondary dominance with the song right of course the song has been composed beautifully our goal is to just kind of analyze it and hopefully make similar music in the in the time to come moving forward right so let's now look at applying all that we've learned all the secondary dominant theory and general chord theory in inside this masterpiece of a song do or dear from the sound of music so we start with the tonic chord do or dear which is B flat major do or dear a female dear and here's the fun ray a drop of golden sun so it kind of lets you hang in the balance ray a drop of golden sun and if you observe what julie andrews is singing she's actually singing on the chords it's not a very linear melody it's she's always landing on one of those notes of that f major chord it's kind of re-iterating the harmony so do or dear a female dear so if you look at the notes of that melody do or dear it's essentially singing on the B flat major triad it's just that do or dear all the how do I put it all the non-important English words do or dear is not an important word isn't it the word do is obviously important because that's a female dear and obviously the word dear will be important so you kind of ignore words like a off I to all of those words you know which are not adjective just connecting words right so a songwriter what they will do is generally not bother about landing on those notes because it's annoying to even say it in free speech or in a poem you never talk by highlighting a word like or off isn't it so what tends to happen is the songwriter will be doing all this activity together they'll be composing the chords probably having their pen and paper their piano everything ready and singing the melody at the same time so it all kind of comes together so when the melody line is presented it's just a way of highlighting the harmony so if you think about it the melody and the harmony are actually one in a song it's not different and it's obvious we hear both together at the same time isn't it and rhythm binds them together so you'll have all the important words do dear and so on and so forth at the strong beats of the bar and the strong beat will be beat one generally and exactly where you'd want your chord to change and also the notes or the melody points which are long do a dear see how fast she sings a do a dear a female dear so always these urs tend to just quickly move forward so as a musician when we take these not so important words like a and if and to and what not we kind of look at it more creatively because the chord is defining most of what we compose as a melody but at those points at those not so important words we can connect we can do things outside the scale or we can do notes which are at least outside the chord like what's happening here do a dear do a dear so c connects to d a female dear a a drop of golden sun right so generally the vocalist is going to highlight or the melody line is going to highlight the the crucial chord tones especially the one the three and maybe even the seven and what will happen on the chord department is you play the chord and the vocal will kind of extend that chord and just make the chord come to life so to speak moving on so b-flat a dear a female dear f7 a drop of golden sun and now me a name me a name i call myself she uses the two other notes of the b-flat major chord me a name i call my which is d and f so very chordal melody then far along long way to run now that's a beautiful extension there so the vocalist is deciding to sing which is actually a ninth extended above the seventh so that's where it's possible for the vocalist to add the color you know so now moving forward we have the so a needle pulling thread so a needle pulling thread okay so now the secondary dominant stuff starts happening so a needle pulling thread so where did i want to go at thread e-flat is the chord at thread but what connects it it's secondary dominant chord so what is the fifth of e-flat b-flat so b-flat wants to go to e-flat you can even do a b-flat seventh to pull it even stronger b-flat b-flat seventh going to e-flat okay and then we do another secondary dominant dual chord system la c seventh a note to follow so why did i do c seventh to f f was my land a landing chord a stable chord its fifth is c la a note to follow so and c seventh will make it really nice and look at what the vocalist is doing in the lyrics it's it's really pulling the chord further right it's further emphasizing how unstable the first chord is and how stable the second chord is so so a needle pulling she's pretty much singing on the scale so b-flat cd e-flat fg the melody sort of glides itself to the next chord so it's a really well composed songs beautiful harmony great melody awesome lyrics right so get acquainted with it and whenever you learn songs like this which are great songs as countless generations will tell us the you're learning a lot and when you compose music you should always try and compose it instinctively you should never force the song the song should kind of come to you okay so the more concepts you learn the more songs you digest and analyze i guess it's better in the long run for you as a composer okay so so a needle pulling thread so so is a land b-flat a needle pulling thread thread she lands on g which is part of the e-flat chord which is the next chord she really highlights the two chords so see how she left the scale there actually because it was the point of the matter was to go from c7 so she got that license to sing that e even though it's not there in the b-flat major scale so the melody is gone off the scale off the grid because the chords are off the grid you know so moving on the same story t which is d7th a drink with jam and bread that was the five of the six and then you do another secondary dominant which is the five of the four five one which is a very common ending so if we explore the last just the last line that will bring us back to do okay so that's a very traditional ending in lot of songs where you do the four major five major and then the tonic so it really emphasizes the tonic the four is what we call as the subdominant or the predominant five is the dominant as we've seen and then you end with the tonic so let me just break this down once more by just doing the whole thing again I'll try and name the chords for you as well as I play along okay so what is the purpose of this video again it's to basically explore this great song and look at how it really exploits the topic of secondary dominance which you can find in a lot of music which may not be that popular or may not be that current you know may not be written in 2021 you'll have to go back rewind time maybe to elton john queen sting billy joel so these are the artists who really use secondary dominance well with and that's what makes them unique and I guess their songs are great because they've been around for so long they've been around for some of them you know 50 60 years if you go back to some of the Beatles classics as well right so this song is no different but I thought of taking this specific song because it just zeros in on that one concept secondary dominance so I found a lot of students try to read this from textbooks and mug up the theory I really think if you take up an already existing song like this which sort of teaches you secondary dominance it's almost like education learning the song is the theory you know and by learning this you you you'll get more naturally acquainted with the sound of secondary dominance okay let's break this down again and then we are pretty much done with the lesson chord that's the dominant that's five back to the dominant results call myself dominant far a long long way to run that's a dominant goes back to the tonic which is the five of four which is E flat now C seventh out of the scale which is the five of five and then you go to D seventh which is the five of six then five of four oh five one and that's pretty much the song so the last video showed you the melody line of the song it showed you how to play it how to get the correct fingering also showed you the bass notes and the root chords this video we kind of dived in a lot further with the theory behind the song using secondary dominance and how it resolves and how it's a chord which is out of the scale which comes back to the scale right so this is about our two-part series on exploration of Doremi and secondary dominance all together you know and hopefully you can make some use of this concept and make some music using this concept again this is Jason here from Nathaniel if you haven't already hit the subscribe button turn on that bell and anything else you can like the video share the video leave us a comment for something you'd like to learn in the future and also do consider following us on patreon where every single one of my lessons whatever we do every one of the notes and notation everything has been handwritten and it's put there as a neat downloadable file cheers and catch you in the next one


See, when people started thinking about adaptation about 20 years ago as a policy field, it was very much seen as something that had to do with what countries do to themselves in their own interests. If a country is affected by climate change, then that country would need to adapt to the impacts of climate change. If it was a developing country, they would want to count on support from the rich countries in terms of funding or technology support or capacity building. If it was a rich country, then adaptation was basically their own responsibility. Now, the world is much more complex than just a set of individual countries that look after themselves. Climate change happens all over the world and impacts of climate change in one part of the world can have an effect on people on the other side of the world, through trade, through financial investments, through river basins, through flows of people. That makes the way in which people and countries are affected by climate change much more complex and it also makes adaptation more complex. It's not going to be enough for a country like Sweden or a country in Africa or any country really to just look at what's happening within your country. It really is important to look at what's happening around the world and how is that going to address, or how is that going to affect the risk that the people in your country or the companies in your country, nature in your country are going to face. There is no governance system for that. The United Nations, under its climate change convention, talks about climate change very much as a national responsibility. Countries are invited to develop national adaptation plans and the guidance for those national plans doesn't talk about these international or global risks of climate change.


Okay, so let's talk a bit about the micro-bit and the way we can hack this tiny device. So I'm just to introduce myself, I'm Demi Coquille, head of RIT, digital security, sorry. This is a French company, I'm also a senior security researcher and I'm also a software hardware with us engineer. So I'm French, expect errors and so on, but I think you're quite familiar with it. So we're going to talk about the micro-bit. Micro-bit, this is a tiny device with many amazing features, many interesting things from a hacker point of view. And I will introduce you to a way to turn the micro-bit into a sniffer and into some nice tools in order to hack into what your frequency protocols. I'm going to show some demos too. So first of all, the BBC micro-bit, so this is a BBC sponsored device that was given to a lot of students in the United Kingdom in order to facilitate the learning of coding in the UK schools. So basically it has a five by five LED screen, LED metrics, two buttons, a nice custom expansion connector and also wireless capabilities. So it's also noted because this is the interesting part in the micro-bit. And it's running micro-piphone, so if you want to code in Python on the micro-bit, this is possible. It costs only 15 bucks, I checked on Spark front, so it's shown to buy one, it's a very cheap. From another perspective, this is a device based on the Nordic semiconductors NRF 51 822, it's a bit word, it's a bit one name, but it's a 2.4 gigahertz, GFSK, demoed in the transceiver, that comes along with the CPU, so it's pretty cool. It has 256 kilobytes of flash, 16 kilobytes of RAM. You can use some pins like ADCs, so if you want to read digital, with some voltages, you can do it. It also has SPI bus, I2C bus, and you can use 20 GPIOs to do whatever you want with the expression port. It's powered in 3 volts, so it's kind of cool. It can power it with 2 AAA batteries. It's very portable and affordable. It's also easy to program. This device has been designed to fit the children needs, so everything is online. You can use a JavaScript blocks editor, for instance. I developed my Microsoft. It's kind of scratch. You can use to program your micro-bit. You just put blocks and develop on the micro-bit by using this editor, or you can do it the Python way by using an online editor. If you put Python code in it, it compiles online and you get the next file. You have just to put this file in your micro-bit. This is an interesting device because if you plug it through the USB cable to your computer, it pops up as a mass storage device.  This is very cool. It also has a repo, a read-evaluate print loop, so if you want to debug your code, you can just use, say, your mini-con, and you can debug it through UART. This is nice when you are developing some, you know, some code on the micro-bit. It also has wireless capabilities. This is the most interesting part. This transceiver, the NRI-51-822, is able to communicate through legacy shock bus protocol. This is a protocol designed by Nordic. Also, the NN shock bus protocol. This is the new version of this protocol. Last but not least, the Bluetooth low-energy protocol. This chip can emulate devices. You can put some Bluetooth low-energy services on it, create a Bluetooth-enabled device. This is great. When I discovered these capabilities, I was like, you know, so it's interesting, French, I said. It's interesting because the NN shock bus protocol is well known as it was presented last year by Mark Newell from Bastille. It was attacked by your name during this last DevCon. It developed what you call the MOSDAQ framework. The MOSDAQ framework basically is a set of tools able to hijack wireless keyboard and mice. It's a great tool with an 8-bython tool. It's also open source. It's a good way. It's good to know the basics of this hack because it's not Magnolien who found out how to turn this device, which is a crazy radio PA, into a sniffer. All the credits go to Travis Godspeed with his NRF24 LO1 plus hack. In this hack, he managed to turn another chip for Nordic semiconductor, which is the NRF24 LO1 plus, into a sniffer by using a trick I'm going to talk about in another section of this presentation. It's good to know. Also, Semicamco made this key sweeper, which is a tiny device. It's very small and it looks like a power adapter. But inside, you find an Arduino connected to NRF24 LO1. It's able to sniff wireless keyboards. It's also using a GSM gate where you send text and receive text so you can get all the intercepted stuff, intercepted keystrokes wirelessly with your phone. Another interesting tool for 2.4 GHz protocols is a DSMX hijacking tool called Icarus. This one is a bit weird here. In fact, this is a tool that uses some kind of sniffing to hack into the DSMX protocol. What is DSMX protocol? It's a protocol used with modern airplanes. When you're just flying modern airplanes, you may use a controller and a receiver that uses this protocol. They hack into this protocol and we're able to take complete control of a plane or a quadcopter, in this case. So, after having reading all of this, I was thinking about doing some kind of offensive Python on the micro bit. Maybe it's possible to turn this micro bit into a stiffer, hopefully it is, but maybe we can do a lot more with this. So, just a look at it. So, let's start digging into the micro bit. I'm going to start with the NRF 51-822 specifications. Especially the way you can turn the transceiver into a sniffer. So, I talked about the Travis Goodspeed hack. So, this is how the Travis Goodspeed hack works. So, basically you have a datagram sent over the air and the transceiver tries to match some fields just to identify a valid packet. Your packet starts with a preamble, which is in this example 55 in X, then followed by a three byte address. So, the address can be 3, 4, 5 bytes when you are dealing with the Ununshockbus protocol. And this address is followed by your packet control field, which is 9-bit, then a payload and at the end a CLC. So, this is a basic setup for the ESB protocol. But what Travis Goodspeed discovered is that the matching, when the transceiver tries to identify the start of a packet, it does not rely on the preamble byte. It performs the matching on the address. So, if you configure your NRF 24-821 in a railway, there is a possibility to sniff. I mean, since the matching is performed on the address, if we set up the transceiver to match a two byte long address rather than the 3, 4, 5 bytes, and if we put a 0055 in X as an address, it will match the preamble of the packet. So, we also configure this transceiver to forget about the PCF field. So, we go back to the legacy shock bus protocol and we tell the transceiver that we need a 32 bytes of payload. So, in the payload, we will find the ESB address, which is here 3 bytes, the 9 bits of the PCF field, the original payload, and also a CRC. In order for this packet to be notified to our code, we need to disable the CRC. Why? Because if the CRC is enabled, the matching algorithm will check the CRC and in this configuration, the CRC does not match. So, once you configure your transceiver this way, you're able to sniff. So, this is for the 24 L1 plus, not for the 51 822. But basically, they did the same mistake on the 51 822. So, if you just tweak a bit the configuration of the 51 822, you can get the exact same effect. There are some differences between the 24 L1 plus and the 51 822. So, basically, the 51 is able to do both big engine and little engine values, where the NF 24 L1 just sticks with the big engine. And also, the NF 51 822, it's very difficult to say, sorry. As a payload with a max 254 bytes instead of the 32 bytes, we got with the 24 L1 plus. So, it's very cool because we were limited with the 24 L1, but the limitation is no longer here with the 51. But the configuration is a bit more complex. So, here is how it is done. I put all this on the code. So, you have a base 0 and perfect 0 registers. You have to put some 0 in it and 55 just to be sure to match the preamble. We configure the PCF field to be 0 to just to use this field here. And also, we set up the Indian S2 big with some kind of value. And we set up the maximum payload length to 40. Why 40? Just to be able to catch the 32 bytes payload. We would have missed if we were using the NF 24 L1. Once you set up your 51 822 like this, you will get some packets in it because it matches the preamble. But we have to check the CRC ourselves because this is not performed by the transceiver. So, by using this and by using some code from the firmware which is the firmware used for the Masjack tool, we can check the CRC and just avoid all false positives from this. So, I put all of this into a modified micro Python firmware I've brought. I will be, what is this at the end of this talk. So, and modify the micro and Python, write your module just to implement some new features such as this sniffing trick. And by using some lines of Python, I was able to develop a quick ESB sniffer. So, I got a little demo to show you how it works. So, first of all, I am programming my micro bit with my specific firmware. And I tell the micro bit to use a specific Python file I wrote. So, this is the file I showed you just before. And by connecting to the UART with a specific board rate, I am getting all the stuff printed by the micro bit. So, here you can see many devices talking with some kind of ESB protocol. So, this is a Logitech wireless mouse. And it's sniffed without any problem by this little hack. So, here it is. But we are not limited to ESB protocol or ESB protocol. It's 2.4 gigabytes transceiver. We can do a lot of stuff. We can do a sniffing. We can also inject information into this protocol. And this technique is not limited to ESB. So, we can act into any 2.4 gigahertz protocol that relies on the JFSK modulation with a specific data rate. So, there is a whole new world of possibilities. And as a field worker, I obviously own some kind of quadcopter. And I decided to put some support for the XN297 transceiver, which is found in the Chirston 610. I don't know if you're familiar with this quadcopter. It's quite a common. So, but the transceiver is not common. This is compatible with the NLF 51822. But there is a slight difference. That is, this transceiver uses a data whitening algorithm. So, anyway, it's not a big deal. So, I developed a lot of some methods for the radio model to be able to communicate with the XN297. So, if you use the custom parameter used by the transceiver, which is 671 or 55, as a receiver and transmitter process, you can communicate with this device without no problem at all. So, this is pretty easy to implement in the macro bit. Although the NLF 51822 is Bluetooth smart capable. So, I was wondering if there were some kind of possibilities to sniff some Bluetooth smart traffic. And this is possible just as a reminder for those here that do not know where the Bluetooth low energy protocol. The BAD protocol uses three channels to advertise devices. That is the 37, 38 and 39 channels. These channels are spread along the old band, 2.4 gigahertz band. So, this is just a reminder. And every device that performs this advertising stuff has to send a specific packets to a specific access address. This is a 4 byte address used by the preamble just to match, to identify unique links. And in this packet, you will find some kind of PDU. And this is a PDU that tells BAD stack what it's all about. So, here we are looking for advertisement. And I also put all of this in my modified micro bit firmware, my micro Python. So, I wrote a quick BAD advertisement sniffer using Python. And I ran it yesterday or this night at the hotel. There were a lot of devices advertising themselves. This is quite normal. But we can also spoof advertisement packets. So, if we build from scratch a packet, we can create a DEF CON 25 device and advertise this device. But furthermore, we can do some furthering on the PDU part source used in many BAD stacks. So, I decided to modify just a byte. The first one before the DEF CON 25 string, which normally is 09. But I put an O A, so just a value plus one instead of a nine. And I advertised this device. And I used my laptop with my integrated BLE adapter just to detect the devices that were around. If you look carefully, you can see that even I sent a Malfold PDU, but my stack got it. And I get one more character at the end of DEF CON 25 because it thought that it was a 10 bytes long string rather than nine bytes. It can be also useful to test some kind of this stuff on Bluetooth. Furthermore, we can sniff BLE connections. So, if you want to make a 15 bugs BLE sniffer, well, maybe it's the way. So, I tested this. I tried to sniff BLE connection request. That's the BLE connection request is a specific packet sent by a device that wants to connect to a specific other device, BLE device, to provide this device with all the requested parameters. And we can sniff this connection request. So, I did this again with a BLE device at home. So, everything is on a micro bit still. So, it takes some time to get the connection request because since the device advertises itself on three channels, you get to be on the watch channel when the connection request arrives. Just waiting. Okay. We got the first one. So, here we got the access address, which is a four byte address identifying the link. And the initiator address, the advertiser address, the CRC unit, which is important here because if you don't have this value, you cannot compute the CRC for your packet. And the open interval, which is a value that is used to determine the opening frequency. So, obviously, I was on the good start to sniff BLE connections. But, in fact, Python cannot do sniffing well with a micro bit. Because a micro pattern introduce incompatible delays. It's so slow. Just to say it's simple. It's slow. We have a few RAM available. So, it's very difficult to create or to develop a BLE sniffer using this micro Python stuff. So, but this is not really a problem as we are going to see later. So, I decided to implement some tools. So, the first one was a mouse jack like USB sniffer, obviously. Since I was in the wireless keyboard and mice hijacking.  And it supports USB and legacy USB. And also the BLE link layer are implemented some kind of Bluetooth sniffer at the link layer just to be able to capture packets. This is quite new. It also introduces a follow mode for USB. But this mode is also present in the mouse jack tool. And it can do a wireless sniffing. This is very useful when you are trying to debugging some 2.4 gigahertz protocols. So, this is the system. I tested my tool against my wireless keyboard and mouse. So, again, I programmed my micro bit to use some kind of middleware I've developed. And I start my sniffer, telling my sniffer to follow a specific device, which is my wireless keyboard. So, you can discover what this device is by using the same tool. And here we go. So, we get many packets, many acknowledgments. And if I type in with my keyboard, as you can see, it's all the packets. So, this keyboard sent encrypted frames. So, this is not sent in Clotext. So, this is good. But if I take a not bad, and if I type with my wireless keyboard, so you can see, there are a lot of packets and work changes between the wireless keyboard and dongle. So, by doing this, we can spy on wireless devices using the ESB protocol. Obviously, it was a good idea to create a wireless key logo using this micro bit. So, I use the micro bit with two 2.8 batteries. And I created a software. So, it chooses UART interface to send the recorded key stroke. And the micro bit provides a tiny file system you can use to store your in-memory, and pass it on memory of the data. So, if you want to get track of every key stroke, sniffed by this device. So, this is a good way to go. So, I decided to plan my key logo in the meeting room. We have a digital security. So, I just put it on. You can see the lead doing some kind of searching for wireless keyboard. And I asked a colleague of mine to log into an account using this wireless keyboard. So, he was currently logging in in a notebook using my vulnerable keyboard. So, he's entering his password. Everything was sniffed by this key logo. And when I get my key logo back, I connect this key logo to my computer. So, this is the raw stuff to get the key strokes. Okay. So, I press a button every day. I get all the key strokes. So, this is a password in French. So, it was done with less than 200 lines of Python. The hard part was the HID conversion from the key stroke to the characters. And it sounds nice to try to hack into some kind of wireless quadcopters, 2.4 GHz based quadcopters. So, I saw in November 2016 that Mark Newton and challenge Michael Osman and Dominic Spiel during talk. So, the idea came from Mark Newton. He wanted to make some kind of dual drone dual with against Michael Osman. So, they unboxed 2.6 GHz 10 and they tried to hack the other GHz 10. So, it was done with the most jack framework from Mark Newton. And I don't know what tools used Michael Osman, but I guess it's dual based. And the result was the following. So, apparently it ended up with a draw and no phishing nets or hijacking whatsoever. So, that was a good start. Dominic Spiel and Michael Osman presented the CX-10 wireless protocol during the talk. So, we got all the stuff already done. So, this is a binding request sent by the remote controller to the quadcopter. So, basically it's the controller sends a binding request containing its transmitter ID and the quadcopter answers back with a binding reply with a transmitter ID and a vehicle ID or aircraft ID followed by your confirmation. And then they start hoping from channel to channel sending from the controller all the information about the stick positions from the controller. So, basically the throttle, your pitch, roll and button state. And it does this by looping on different channels. So, my idea was to create a work controller that will be able to take over an existing connection and to take control of the drone. This can be done by sending a work packet just before the original controller does. And by doing this, we can take control of this. So, the channel open mechanism is just using four channels that are derived from the transmitter ID. So, once you got the transmitter ID, you get the channels. So, the ZI jack is quite current. We sniff a valid packet from channel 3 to 18, which is the first range of the first channel used by this drone. Once a valid packet is found, we get the transmitter ID and the vehicle ID. We check this transmitter ID against the channels. We derive again the channel list and check if the channel we are currently listening on is in this list. And if it's okay, we just synchronize with the drone and send quicker, we send packets quicker than the original remote and get control of this. So, the ZI radio is set by using my micropython modded firmware. So, it's the same. We wait for a valid packet. We start with 55 and index parameter. We get the transmitter ID. We derive the channels. And we check if the channel we are listening on is in the channel list. If it's okay, if it's found in the channel list, then we start synchronizing with the drone and then send packets with the correct values to take control of the drone. But the fact is I need a way to fly the drone. So, I need a remote controller. I thought about using a classic RC, but no, this is a way too complex. This is using some kind of protocol. I also thought about using a USB compatible gamepad. We use normally in the modern RC. But again, this was very complex. So, I decided to go with an existing remote controller for the firmware 610. So, I modified my remote controller, put some words in it, and soldered the original transmitter used in this controller and made my own work controller. So, that's it. With this controller, I am able to read the stick values by using the ADCs from the 51832. And I won't perform any live demos. I'm sorry. We got some insurance issues. It told me if I can put some thread to tie my quadcopter to a table, I did this at home and smashed it to the ground. So, obviously, I won't be able to do this. But I got videos. So, this is the first one demonstrating the hijacking process. So, I got a 610. So, it's waiting for binding. I performed this binding with a remote controller and I can control the drone with this remote. So, this is quite okay. And then I'm using my transmitter. Well, basically, this is not powered on. So, it doesn't work. So, I put power on it. Just check if the original transmitter is disconnected. So, here it is. I got the control of the drone and I'm going to use my controller to pilot the drone. So, this is quite interesting. So, this was a test that I made on my desk. And I made another video showing the real flight. So, this is quite the same. I just thought the quadcopter put it on the floor, binding the quadcopter with the remote controller. So, here it is. So, I can fly the drone with this legit remote controller. So, I'm not a good drone pilot, you know. So, as I said. So, here it is. And then I take my remote controller powered in turn. Sorry. Just, oh, here it is. So, I'm just checking it. Normally, when you do it live, you get some trouble with the quadcopter, but if it's flying high, this is not really a problem. You can get the controller quickly. So, here it is. And using my remote controller, I was able to fly it smoothly, almost. So, it's working and I can fly it. It's not just a proven concept. So, sometimes I got the remote controller disconnected, but I also experienced some issues with the green version of this quadcopter. I ordered some on Amazon and got it, received it on that time. And when I tried this attack, it didn't work very well because the sticks do not have the same values. So, this is a problem that you're trying to take control of this. So, hopefully everything is online now, as I'm speaking. So, I put everything, the tools, the firmware, and so on. It's available on GitHub. It's open source. If you have a micro bit, feel free to use it. And I test this firmware. If you find issues or the bugs or so on, file you request. If you test it, you will see that it's a child's play to hack into some things. So, as a conclusion, because I got to be very quick, this is a chip tiny and battery powered radio frequency hacking tool. So, this is quite interesting. It also allows rapid prototyping. If you are going to experiment some ESB protocol, ESB protocol, or BLE, you can do a nice stuff with it. It's, it may be better than Busty's Mod Jack. I don't want to get markedly angry, you know. And you can do even better with the micro bits DIL, which is the device abstraction layer developed by the University of Lancaster. So, this is a C++, not Python, so you have to get deeper in the source code. But I'm currently working on a start of implementation of my clients hacking tool for BLE. So, my clients developed BLE sniffer based on the Uber tools using some SDR. And guess what? You can, I'm quite sure we can do the same with the micro bit. I implemented the access address recovery, the CRC recovery from this tool. It's still in development. I got no proof of concept to show you. But if I connect my smartphone to a device, I am able to get all this value back and the open interval too. So, it's just a matter of time to get it working with a real BLE device. So, this is just some future work that comes with all of this. So, if you have any questions, I will be available out there, wondering in the halls and rooms. And thank you.


It is finally time for a new room makeover because it has been like due time for my room you guys I swear to you my room has turned into just like walls of filming space and it's uncoordinated It's not cute everything about it has just been like so crazy, and I've been doing so many other projects I've kind of put this one to the side so I figured it is time to make my room look pretty too You know I have a whole wall that I tumbler DIY with some wallpaper that I created from some images I have a wall of shelves with a DIY storage cabinet next to it I have a desk my iMac fell off my desk during the earthquake so rude Earthquakes need to never ever do that to me again I kind of map together a little bit of a mood board just things that I like textures I like colors I like furniture pieces that I like and I'm honestly not gonna do too much I'm actually going to try to repurpose some of the furniture pieces in my room But I'm also going to be introducing a couple new things and a quick little self-promotion if you are not already Make sure to subscribe to my channel I post brand new videos every single week and also click that little bell icon next to the subscribe button because Notifies you every time I upload a brand new video because sometimes they just don't send out subscription boxes Which is again rude and you can also follow me on Instagram loanbox home for more home inspiration in photo form So let's talk about the floor plan that I want to achieve in this space and since I don't have the most storage in here I really want to maximize the amount of storage So I'm going to be keeping a dresser and I'm also going to be adding an additional form of storage I want to also keep my desk my clothing rack I want to add a little bit of life with a plant at a nightstand And of course my bed is going to be in the center and there might be a couple other additions here and there I'm not really sure so we'll see how this video progresses First thing that I just knew had to go was the wall of collaged photos And that is not because I don't like the pictures at all I absolutely love this wall But it's been up for probably like eight months now and it's just kind of gotten old in my eyes If that makes sense I look at it every single day and I just wanted a breath of fresh air So I decided to pull that down if you are curious about how I created this I actually have a video on my channel all about it Which I will put in a card on the screen for you And I'm actually going to store a lot of these images in a drawer for a later DIY use if I feel need to do so The lone fox look at this my car has been packed with Ikea for a solid probably a week and a half for this room tour Hi, it is the next day now And I am at Home Depot right now because I need to pick up a couple of things. I made a little list on my phone I was actually gonna go yesterday. I forgot my wallet at my friend's house So I had to drive an hour to get that and then it was just too late and then I was just like kind of lazy You know, so I decided to go today instead. So at the Home Depot got to pick up a couple of things here So let's head on in I ended up getting golden pecan because it sounded the most appetizing and it looked the most Kind of mid-century ask. I also got some Danish oil, which is just going to finish off at the dresser and raw wood Ikea furniture So I'm back home from Home Depot and I just actually went to the gym really quickly Which is why I'm currently wearing this outfit But I'm going to construct the desk that I bought at Ikea the other day I just want to construct this before the sun goes down So at least I have something else done for the day because I don't want to just say that I went Home Depot for the day I'm actually not going to connect them yet because there's a slight possibility that I might actually spray paint the legs completely Black because my clothing rack, which is going to be right next to my desk is black metal So I might want to do it like a matte farmhouse black spray paint just to kind of match the vibe But I'm also not too sure so I'm going to hold these off I'm going to set them just to the side until I start actually moving the furniture into my room And then I'm going to decide what looks best Hello guys. Thank God. It's Friday because That means the week it's coming up But I had it to Home Depot this morning and I picked out my paint sample So I ended up going with this little swatch card here This has the colors cactus bloom sweet curry anyable orange and rumba orange and basically what I did was I decided that Instead of picking out a color right away I was going to pick some samples so I ended up getting these three shades here in sample form So what exactly does sample form mean? Well, it's these little miniature paints and these only cost three dollars and thirty cents each So I ended up spending $10 because I was kind of scared. I've never painted my room of color in my life I've always had just white walls, but I want to add that pop and I'm really excited and I think it's gonna be fun But the color that I definitely am leaning towards is this sweet curry color right here I'm gonna paint all three of these on the wall and big little swatch sections Let it dry and see what it looks like with the lighting in my room because sometimes lightings a little bit cool tone And I'm gonna let it like sit and just like really just marinate in my brain for like a full day That sounds disgusting, but let's get to swatching. Mr.  So this is a section that I'm gonna be painting I got a paintbrush I actually had a whole set of paintbrushes because this was on sale for $14, but I'm gonna break through this and get out The brush here it is starting with cactus bloom, which is that lightest color Honestly, I can already a hundred percent tell about the amiable orange Which is the darkest of the three is going to be too dark So I don't even know if I want to paint it on the wall because that just means I'm gonna have to put a Lot of coats over it to cover it So I guess I don't even need to get this one, but I can use it for future DIY projects or something I figured so I'll just keep this in the container Jores and now I have to build the actual base of it to put the drawers in and then I'm going to decide what I'm gonna Do to it because I really wanted to either stain it put some oil on it or Paint it. I don't know really what I'm doing yet. So we are going to see Today is painting day.  I don't know I couldn't see the vision in my head and I finally found it Just popped up But I literally tested so many different paint colors like I was making and creating my own paint colors And then I was going to paint them on a piece of paper and bring them in like I will show you I even film the entire process But I'm not gonna actually include that in the video because well I am right now But I'm not gonna show you how I did it because I ended up actually going with one of the original paint colors I first painted with because the other colors when I painted them on the wall I loved the way that they looked once they were painted But at the same time when it turned nighttime or when it was like I had my yellow light on my room Like because my lights in the ceiling are yellow the colors just didn't look good The only color I liked that I have been kind of eyeballing for the past two days is that top left color Which is the cactus bloom one that I got at Home Depot serve up my crazy hair I literally popped out of bed drove to Home Depot bought the paint color and it is now I think 11 o'clock in the morning. So I'm going to paint this one on the wall I'm really excited. I'm doing a little like half line based off that inspo photo I showed you guys and I'm just excited to get the paint on the wall because I feel like once I have that on I can really start The actual like decorating process I've already gone ahead and used some frog tape to paint around the edges and this tape is really amazing if you want like a Super clean straight line. So I highly suggest that I got it at Home Depot as well And then I did use just a ruler and tape measure just to make sure I had my straight line at the like top portion of My window like right at the bottom where I'm going to be cutting it into a line There's gonna be like two-thirds colored and then one third of it's gonna be left white at the top Which I'm really excited for so let's get to painting So painting is pretty self-explanatory just watch what I'm doing as most you guys know I said that about everything in the world But I'm just giving this a coat of the cactus bloom paint color and I just did one coat on the entire wall This was a paint and primer and one so really only needed one coat It looked amazing I went in with a roller in the main section and I used a smaller roller around the window seal and then lastly I finished it off with a paintbrush around all of the edges just to make sure that the paint was all the way to the Edge of the tape and then let it dry for a couple hours before removing the tape for this reveal After spending a solid seven hours creating that IKEA dresser I wanted to also spend another two hours staining it and another six for it to dry So I got some Danish oil and I put it on the wood and I realized that honestly like it was just kind of a Yellow looking wood. I did not like the way that it ended up looking like so I ended up grabbing the original Stain that I purchased at Home Depot the natural pecan color and I did a full coat of the natural pecan color all over the dresser and in The end I think it looked really really amazing I let it dry for a couple of hours and it had kind of just like a light toned wood But a little bit of warmth to it. This one here is one that I really want to tackle next It's gonna have that long wooden dresser that I created and I want to put it on here I'm getting rid of this white IKEA dresser because I just had it for a long time and it's just not Any form of stylish like I don't like it. It's just clunky and big Don't 100% know if I'm gonna be keeping this yet. It's not I Want to keep it and I want to put it on this wall right here that like I'm touching But I don't know if it's gonna fit So just gonna have to see with like spacing and size and such if this does work But this is such a great storage item and I love it So I want to keep it if possible, but I'm gonna start moving in the dresser And then just transferring a lot of my DIY supplies into the dresser, which is so exciting because I have more storage The last thing that I'm kind of running into is this little shelf area right here because it acts as such a great storage space But it also kind of looks a little cramped in here with it on this wall This room serves so many functions that I just have to make sure everything kind of works, you know So this is what it looks like from this side Which oh it looks so good from this side love it and this turned out so pretty that color is amazing Today is the last day of my room renovation which I'm really excited about so I'm gonna share with you guys A couple of the finishing touches the decorations the wall hangings the bedding all that fun sort of stuff, so let's get started Guys I look crazy right now, but the room is completely finished I've been sweating all morning just trying to get it put together because I've just been wanting to see what it's gonna Look like this has been the longest video I think I've ever filmed and I'm finally ready to share with you guys the reveal so let's reveal it in three two One come I feel it looks very fresh in here. It's a little bit colorful and playful and kind of urban outfit There's I wanted to go for that more urban aesthetic And that's exactly what I think I was able to achieve and I personally love the space so much Keep in mind guys that if my room does look a little bit more cluttered than a normal room or a bit more furniture Then someone would normally have that is because I film all of my videos out of my room all my DIY projects I have all my supplies all my clothing and that requires me to have like a lot of stuff on hand So I need places to store them that's that's why I have a lot of storage in here But I'm going to stop rambling because I have a feeling this video is gonna be so long I've been filming for a full week now, so I'll let you guys get on with your day Don't forget to subscribe to my channel for new videos every single week and turn on that bell So you get notified when I post brand new videos You can also follow me on lone fox home and my personal one is I'm Drew Scott on Instagram But I will catch you guys all in my next video. Have an amazing day and bye


Hey coach, welcome back to the channel. If you haven't yet make sure you subscribe to stay up to day with all the latest content that we put out. At this point we pretty much got content going out every 24 hours so make sure you subscribe and don't stay stuck with your training business. So today I want to share with you three ways that you can start a soccer training business with little or no money. Now this was something that I did at the beginning of my business right? Now for those that don't know my story I decided to leave my full-time job to go and start my own a soccer training business. Now at the time it was a massive risk because I was leaving a steady monthly paycheck that ultimately when you start in your business from scratch which I was pretty much doing you know I didn't have that income coming in every single month so I went from a paycheck, a steady income to pretty much zero very quickly. Now for most people watching they would say to me right you are crazy why would you do that but there's a couple of reasons why I decided to do that. Number one was because I felt that if I put myself in that situation yes I went through a lot of stress yes there was a lot of sleepless nights but I knew that in my heart that if I didn't take that approach then I wouldn't act with urgency so I wouldn't wake up every single morning with an urgency to go and find clients to start making money and grow and start the business. So I had to do that because I felt that if I you know I could have gone and got another full-time job and and built my business as like a side hustle but I knew that the requirements of what a full-time job requires right a full-time job it's a nine to five for most part it's a lot of commitment it always is a priority because it's it's what you're committing to the most for most hours during the week and I knew that if I went down that that route and I focused on my business as a side hustle to begin with I knew that in the long term it was going to stay as a side hustle and it would eventually grow at a very slower speed than if I went all in on the business from the go so that's what I essentially did I left that full-time job to be honest with you I wasn't happy and number of reasons I wasn't happy being told what to do all the time by my manager and I wasn't happy coaching 30 to 40 hours per week I was I was working for a coaching company and I wasn't happy traveling two to three hours for a one hour session okay so I didn't want to be on the road anymore and also something that really shifted me was I didn't want to work with uncommitted players okay and for the most part the way this company operated was they're very very focused on the numbers so it's like get everyone in and ultimately a lot of the kids that came in they weren't really a good fit they weren't players that actually wanted to be there they didn't really buy into the the company and so I didn't enjoy what I was doing so that that really shifted me to take a step back analyze what I'm doing currently and make a decision that right I can't continue doing this because I one I'm not happy two I'm waking up with a massive headache thinking right I've got to go to work I've got to work with these kids it's you know I don't want to do that so I said no I said right I'm going to leave my full-time job I'm going to go all in on this see how it goes and ultimately it did pay off and I was I was living on off my savings for pretty much three to four months I was working with with clients at the time but they weren't paying me enough to actually do this like a full-time thing so I was I was pretty much living off my savings making some some some little bit of money but ultimately once it started to grow and scale then that's when I went full-time and I was able to start to sleep a lot a lot better so what did I do at the beginning it was very simple right the first thing I did was I learned sales so I quickly realized that once I left my full-time job that I also had some management experience in that job so I knew that right if I was going to do this on my own I had to learn how to sell to parents right I had to learn how to market so essentially what I did is I found the internet right the internet is free that yes you pay like a monthly subscription to have internet but you know there's a lot of free information out there and all I did was one hour per day I'd sit down in front of my computer and I would just study sales I would study how to how to sell how to talk to parents how to create my program and what I started to do is basically I what I was selling was a free trial session okay so it was more like a taster session that I was trying to sell to parents to get them to train with me try it and then hopefully then then convert them into a paying customer so I used all the sales information that I was learning online I did it to create a sales process so the process was essentially what would I say when I was in front of a parent how would I structure the conversation what questions would I ask them about their child and how would I transition that that bit into then telling them about what I'm currently doing and then hopefully closing them onto a free trial session with me so I spent a long time doing that to the point where I had a process down that I felt really comfortable with and once I felt comfortable I went out there and I put myself in front of parents and this takes me on to the second thing that the second thing I did right I went to my local parks okay so once I had my sales process in place I did a really thorough research on my local area and essentially what the research was it was it was basically focusing on where are parents right where where do kids and parents hang out that I can go get in front of them and tell them about what I'm doing and how I want to help their their child so what I had in in my local area I had a park right and something I realized this Saturday and Sunday that park was packed full of families and it was mainly packed because there were there were soccer games going on from the morning until the afternoon so I realized that right I had there were three games going on Saturday there was three games going on on Sunday and then and I did a little bit of research and I figured out right that's about 90 families per weekend I can go and get in front of all right so what I did is I role played in front of the mirror how I would approach a parent then after I did that the weekend arrived I went out to to to watch the games and I would literally talk to every parent on the sideline I would ask them questions about who your child is how are they doing this season what what things are they struggling with and then what I started to notice some parents were very very guarded against me so they didn't want to express too much there was other parents that were very open to my conversation so what I started to notice I started to filter out the parents that maybe didn't trust me as much and then the parents that were more open with me then I then shifted the conversation into telling them what I was doing and then with time once I was doing that every single weekend and I remember I did that for for about four to five weekend straight right every single weekend rain shine snow and whenever there was there was matches going on I was there I was talking to parents engaging with them and once they started to build trust with me then they they felt confident enough to give me their phone number and when I got home I sent them a text message and I invited them to a free training session with me so after doing that for such a consistent period of time it got to a point where I was adding two to three new players for for trial sessions in in my program okay and then with time those clients well those players those families then became clients of my program and I managed to close them into a long term commitment with me right so the first one I learned sales okay I grabbed all the free information that's online out there I read blogs I signed up to free set a webinars I followed like these sales gurus that you have online I made notes of what they were saying how they were saying how they were teaching how they were approaching and I then created my own sales process so that I can use it to go and close try and close parents into coming we're on a free trial session with me okay that cost me no money at all I gained so much knowledge so much education cost me no money all that it required was a little bit of commitment and some time to learn and commit to it every single day once I did that I felt confident enough to now right let's get going get in front of parents I went to my local park and I did that for five months straight okay every single saturday and sunday I was there I was talking to parents I was engaging and I managed to close some of them on coming to a free trial session with me okay so once I started to get clientele once my company started to grow and I started to get a name out there parents started to know who I was what I was doing and they started to know my my brand okay the third thing I did was essentially I had to change my lifestyle now and this doesn't require money but requires a lot of discipline so something I realized that once I left my full-time job okay I was leaving behind not just a paycheck but I was leaving behind structure as well okay because I was so used to going to bed at a certain time waking up a certain time being at work for a certain time that suddenly you know I didn't have to do that anymore and suddenly it was down to me to organize my own day and this is something that a lot of coaches struggle with because when they're given a free ownership of their day they don't know what to do in order to be productive so what I did is essentially I built a daily planner and I planned out my hours during the day hour by hour right what time was I waking up what time was I having breakfast what time was I having lunch what time was I writing my blog what time was I recording a video to post on social media what time was I texting a parent what time was I writing email newsletters right what time was I going out and talking to parents all right everything was so structured that ultimately because I was putting so much time and energy into it it started to grow okay because if you put energy and effort into something over a long period of time and you do it consistently it will start to grow okay so I had to get rid of a few things right so I didn't see friends for a while okay because that was the decision I made I didn't want any distractions I wanted to stay honed in on what I was doing and I didn't watch soccer soccer matches like that's something I love to do in my free time if I'm not coaching I'm watching okay but what I notice is that watching consumes a lot of time so I got rid of that I didn't watch a game for for about a month month and a half okay until I said to myself right I need to I need to do this stay locked in on this this needs to be my number one focus and once I'm starting to get results then I can compensate myself right I can pay myself with watching a match or going out with friends or spending money on a meal you know I wasn't even going out and and buy meals anymore I was everything was being done I was cooking I was budgeting right I really really this this became my life okay this became my life it became a lifestyle and essentially with time it started to grow right one client became three three clients became six six clients then became ten and it would it grew and grew to the to the point where I built a system in that you know today that system works very simple and it's a system I use with every single client when I onboard them into my program okay so if you need more help with this right I know a lot of coaches are in the starting phase of their business they want to grow they don't want to spend a lot of money but I've just shared with you three things that I did it got me results and I spent zero or very little money doing it okay so if you need more help or you want to speak with me over a free 15 to 20 minute call then go to the description in this video you can book a call with me I talk with coaches every single day I message coaches every day right I'm very active and this is pretty much something I'm I'm doing full time at the moment okay so get in contact with me love to speak with you love to connect with you see where you are see where you want to get to and hopefully share with you some actual steps that you can take this week to grow and scale your business right thank you for watching and I'll see you on the next one


You got anything but a grenade on it look.  It's all about your niggas right now.  Not that big, yeah.  He's taking a picture. We're taking a picture. Yeah. You ready?


Charitable. As to your question. Oh nice. As to your question. Thank you very much Charitable for bringing this up As to your question about the Israeli minister in the interviewer brought up a Kind of nuclear weapon and the minister agreed under some conditions I appreciate that it's a nuance that you'll dismiss in my humble opinion, but it's a relevant nuance I agree with you. It is a relevant nuance But once a person says a kind of nuclear weapon, it means they're open to using nuclear weapons That's a nuclear talk. That's insane Just imagine just like I don't care which side of the road you're in like which side you want to take your neutral or whatever, right? Anybody thinks Anybody that thinks using the nuclear weapon In any conflict let alone this one Is a good idea Needs to have all power removed from them Right, that's the way I see it. Anybody that states that we should collectively Commit suicide should have All power removed from them. Okay