on gas. You just said that, you know, less supply raises prices. It's not in our strategic interest to reduce the supply. We also know, you know, the President has recently, as yesterday, talked about increasing domestic manufacturing to bring down prices on inflated items like goods. So why not apply the same logic to energy and increase domestic production here? Well, there are 9,000 approved oil leases that the oil companies are not tapping into currently. So I would ask them that question. Is there nothing that the administration can do to get those providers back to pre-pandemic levels? Do you think the oil companies don't have enough money to drill on the places that have been pre-approved? Just asking. I would point that question to them, and we can talk about it more tomorrow when you learn more. Do you think that opening the Keystone Pipeline and having more energy-friendly policies might do that? The Keystone Pipeline has never been operational. It would take years for that to have any impact. I know a number of members of Congress have suggested that, but that is a proposed solution that has no relationship or would have no impact on what the problem is. We here all agree it's an issue. So during those years where it would, you know, take to bring down prices, as you're saying, we should just continue to buy Russian oil? Well, again, Jackie, I think you're familiar with a number of steps we've taken, a historic release from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. What are you doing prices last and what is doing? Well, let me finish. Well, we can do over time. And what this is all a reminder of in the President's view is our need to reduce our reliance on oil. The Europeans need to do that. We need to do that. If we do more to invest in clean energy, more to invest in other sources of energy, that's exactly what we can do to prevent this from happening in the future. We welcome any Republicans from joining us in that effort. Go ahead. As long as we're buying Russian oil, though, aren't we financing the war? Well, Jackie, again, it's only about 10 percent of what we're importing. I've not made any announcement about any decision on that front, but our objective here in our focus is making sure that any step we take maximizes the impact on President Putin and minimizes it on the American people. And anyone who's calling for an end to the carve out should be clear that that would raise prices. We're seriously dealing with a climate called here.  They don't care if we have to continue paying Putin for oil that we could be drilling in our own country. And her response to that is, oh, well, that oil, we won't have that oil for a couple years now. But then at the same time, she talks about how their policies take a long time to work. How does it not make sense to continue drilling and make this country energy independent so that we won't be reliable on Russia? And Europe won't have to be reliant on Russia either. They can buy oil from us. But instead, they're going to adhere to this almost religious belief that we cannot use oil. We can't go to any solutions that might use oil because oil is the devil and renewable energy sources. Those are Jesus. And look, I'm not saying that I'm against renewable energy sources. I'm not. I love the idea and I think someday we'll probably get there. But that day is not now nor is it decades from now. And in the meantime, all you're doing is punishing Americans and making people reliant on the worst people in this world. Saki talks about all these historic things that they're doing, like opening the Strategic Petroleum Reserve. But we don't even have to do that. We can just drill and get our own oil. We now have video of Pines Energy Secretary admitting that what they're doing is a quote controlled demolition through an energy transition. The bottom line is that this president and this administration are looking at every single tool to shield American families from the impact of rising energy prices. And we're working through an energy transition. And we've got to start by adding energy. And the reality is we have to take some time to get off of oil and gas. We recognize this. This is a transition.  It's like I always talk about the reason they talk in such hyperbolic terms is to justify actions like this. They can hurt the American people and empower our enemies because they're telling themselves that they're saving the planet. It's literally a cult and we have to vote these people out of power before it's too late. All right, folks. That's all I have for this one. Just a quick one. If you enjoyed it, please hit that like button, share, and then leave a comment to let us all know what you think.


Last lecture, we discussed about the fact that an electromagnetic field stores energy and we obtained an expression for the energy density of the electromagnetic field. And what we found is that if you are looking for a system which contains charges and currents, then when you talk about the change in the energy, you have to not only worry about the energy of the sources, you also have to worry about the energy that is stored in the electromagnetic field. And if you have a closed volume, then the any change in the energy of the system is due to the fact that certain amount of energy could be flowing out through the closed surface of the volume. What we want to do today is to prove that just as the electromagnetic field is a storehouse of energy, there is a momentum also associated with electromagnetic field and as well as an angular momentum which is also associated with the electromagnetic field. As a result, if I am looking for a closed system without any external force, then the change I must have conservation of momentum and angular momentum and in applying these rules of conservation of momentum and angular momentum, I need to worry about the changes in the angular momentum and momentum stored in the electromagnetic field itself. So we will, we started talking about it last time and so we will be continuing with it today. But this is simply to tell you that this is going to be there in every lecture that is the set of equations which govern the electrodynamics. This is complete set of equations which are known as the Maxwell's equation. We supplement them with couple of constitutive relation between the polarization electric field and the displacement vector d and similarly between the magnetic field h, the flux density b and the magnetization m. We will be using them regularly and so therefore, almost on every lecture we need to remind this. .. So, let us talk about linear momentum. We start with very basic definition of linear momentum which is the force which is the rate of change of momentum. So, mechanical momentum if you like d p by d t. Now, I know that the, if I have a collection of charges and currents, then this quantity is in the continuum limit is the force due to electric field which is rho e plus the force Lorentz force due to magnetic field which is rho v cross b and of course, d cube x. So, what I do now is that we introduce instead of the e and b the corresponding expressions from the Maxwell's equations that we wrote down. For instance we know that del dot of e is rho by epsilon 0 and del cross b is mu 0 j. So, in this case rho times v, rho times v is the current density. So, therefore, I first express this rho in the first equation as epsilon 0 times del dot e. So, epsilon 0 times I already have an e. So, e times del dot e. Then I have rho v which is j and that is 1 over mu 0. Well, this is actually j cross b. So, therefore, I would write this in terms of the del cross b that I have got. So, this quantity is j cross b and we had seen that in the full Maxwell's equation we had here. So, you notice that let me I am using b and h interchangeably for the simple reason I have assumed b is equal to mu 0 h I am working in free space. So, del cross b is mu 0 j plus mu 0 epsilon 0 d e by d t. And this comes because if you refer to this set of equations you find that del cross h is j free plus d d by d t and once again I am assuming d is equal to epsilon 0 e. So, therefore, I write everything in terms of b and electric field of course I could also work with h, but my system is linear. So, therefore, this mu 0 j that is there I write it as j is equal to 1 over mu 0 del cross b minus epsilon 0 d e by d t. So, that is my f and so let me write it fully. So, f is given by d p mech by d t is equal to epsilon 0 integrals are all over volume e times del dot e d q x plus j cross b which I write as 1 over mu 0 integral over volume del cross b minus mu 0 epsilon 0 which actually happens to be 1 over c square at some stage I will write that also d e by d t. So, this is my expression for the rate of change of total momentum and what I did is to use some algebra and so at this moment I am not disturbing the first term, but in the second term I notice that what I required is another cross e because I had j cross b and what I have written down is just j. So, there is a cross b there. Now, so what I do is this there is this term here d e by d t cross b. So, I have d e by d t cross b which I write it as d by d t of e cross b minus e cross d b by d t and if you recall that from Faraday's law the first term of course I do not change minus d b by d t is del cross of e. So, therefore this term becomes e cross del cross e this term I will replace in place of this. So, if I do that, but before that I will do something else if you look at this expression I have here 1 over mu 0 and mu 0 epsilon 0 d e by d t. So, this I have replaced by this and this. So, therefore 1 mu 0 cancels out I am left with epsilon 0. So, therefore this term when it comes to the other side will just have an epsilon 0. So, let us write it down. So, I get d p mech by d t and I will bring that d by d t of e cross term b term there and since this is an integral the only variation is with respect to total time. So, therefore this is e cross b d cube x recall that there was a minus sign there it has come to that side. So, this quantity is equal to epsilon 0 the electric field term which is e times del dot e d cube x and a few terms which we just now derived namely 1 over mu 0 integral del cross b cross b d cube x minus epsilon 0 integral del cross e cross e, but I have changed the order. So, let me change the sign as well d cube x. So, what I will do is this I want to write this in a little symmetrically you notice that electric field has an additional term there del dot e e times del dot e. The other two terms here are very similar del cross b cross b and del cross e cross e. However, I have a great advantage that del dot of b is equal to 0. So, I can write these symmetrically by putting in at del dot b term. So, let me write this now. So, epsilon 0 integral e times del dot e minus e cross del cross e d cube x and the corresponding magnetic field term which is very symmetric and that is written as b times del dot b which is the term which we have just now added and that is equal to 0 minus b cross del cross b. Rather looks horrible expression, but let us try to sort of see what have we got. On the left hand side I have got d p mech by d t plus epsilon 0 d by d t of e cross b d cube x and we had seen that epsilon 0 e cross b let me recall for you the expression for the energy density. So, we had seen that epsilon 0 e cross b is since my system is linear b is equal to mu 0 h. So, it is epsilon 0 mu 0 e cross h and we defined e cross h as the pointing vector last time and epsilon 0 mu 0 is 1 over c square. So, this is 1 over c square e cross h which is equal to s. So, therefore, my expression on the left hand side I will simply write it because the other one is rather detailed. So, this plus 1 over c square integral s d cube x and that is equal to that expression that we wrote down just little while back a symmetric expression containing between electric field and the magnetic field containing a large number of terms. Now, notice we had said that s is the energy flux. So, let us look at a few things here if s is the energy flux then s by c is the energy density that will be carried by a traveling electromagnetic field and as a result s by c square. So, this is the energy density carried by the electromagnetic field and s by c square happens to be the momentum density because I am dividing it by another velocity. Now, interestingly all our derivations have so far been non-relativistic, but the velocity of light with which we will later on see the electromagnetic waves propagate in free space is coming in very naturally into the problem. So, next question is this that. So, left hand side what I have got is rate of change of this of course, since s by c square is the momentum density this represents the total momentum associated with the electromagnetic field. So, here I have got the mechanical momentum and this is my total momentum. Now, if you remember that when we had this type of a situation that we have a rate of change of momentum and here on the right hand side I should be having a force and so normally we expect the right hand side to be expressed as a gradient of something like a potential which is my force, but notice that expressing this complicated expression as a gradient of a given quantity seems to be rather difficult and it is this quantity which gives us a slightly different way of looking at it and this is what I will be talking about now, but what I will do is this I will express only because this is these two expressions are identical with respect to electric field and the magnetic field other than one has an epsilon 0 the other one has a 1 over mu 0. I will just do the algebra for the first one of the terms let us say the electric field terms and I will simply substitute into a similar expression for the magnetic field term. So, let me write this down that what is it that we have left hand side we already know that we have got total rate of change of total momentum and so therefore, the quantity that I want to now write is density because I am not putting in there integrals. So, E times del dot E minus E cross del cross E, so let us just look at what is the you know this is obviously I expect this whole thing to look like a vector because the left hand side is a vector. So, since I cannot immediately find a simple way of doing it let me just try to write down what is the x component of this quantity. So, here I have got E x del dot E is a scalar. So, since del dot E is a scalar, so I simply write d E x by d x plus d E y by d y plus d E z by d z minus E cross del cross is x component. So, which is E y del cross is z component minus minus plus E z del cross is y component, retain the first term the way it is E x d E x by d x plus d E y by d y plus d E z by d z and expand the two del cross E that I have got which is minus E y into del cross y z. So, it is d by d x of E y minus d by d y of E x the plus E z times this is del cross y y component. So, it is d by d z of E x minus d by d x of E z. So, there are several terms there I want to now sort of try to simplify this a little bit. . First thing that you notice is E x d E x by d x can be written as a half of d by d x of E x square I have a term here E x d E y by d y and a term another minus minus plus d by d y d by d y of E x. So, if you combine this term and that term what I get is I can write that as d by d y of E x E y and identically I have a term here E x d E z by let me just put a double click on it E x d E z by d z and E z E by d z of E x. So, therefore, these two terms will give me plus d by d z of E x E z. What am I left with I am left with these two terms only both of them have negative sign in front of it and this is E y d by d x of E y. So, therefore, this is half both the terms are d by d x term and I will write this as E y square plus E z square. You look at this expression now you notice that in this term if I added an E x square then I will get E x square plus E y square plus E z square which is E square. But if I added an E x square inside the bracket which is like subtracting half of d by d x of E x square. So, I must add another half. So, which will mean this half will go. So, if you now combine all these expressions what you are getting is because all these terms are d by d x this is d by d x this is d by d y this is d by d z. So, what I am getting is that half has gone away. So, I am getting d by d x of E x square plus d by d y of E x E y plus d by d z of E x E z and minus half d by d x of E square. And this if you recall is just the first term that is the x component this is what I am trying to do. So, therefore, when I add up the various components I will get d by d y of E y square d by d x etcetera. How do I simplify this now the thing is. So, I have similar terms two more terms which I must add up now what was found which I will prove by first assuming the result is that the this quantity after I add up the corresponding y and the z components it can be written not in terms of see we had expected it will be a vector and it is a gradient of a scalar quantity. So, you notice that when I expected this to be gradient of a scalar that is going up scalar is one quantity when you take the gradient it becomes a vector which is characterized by three quantities. Now, just as you define a scalar as a quantity having essentially a single quantity a vector is characterized by three quantities in the Cartesian x y z. Now, one can define a quantity which is known as a tensor that a tensor can be of arbitrary rank. So, for instance a tensor of rank two is characterized by nine quantities. So, for example, if I talk about a tensor t just as a vector v is characterized by v x v y v z a tensor t is characterized by a pair of indices. For example, the components of a tensors will be t i j where i going from 1 to 3 1 to 3 and j of course, also going from 1 to 3 can in principle define a tensor of this is tensor of rank two. One can define a tensor of rank three with a quantity characterized by three indices namely t i j k that is of course, 27 quantities. So, this is 3 square quantities. Now, notice one thing that the reason why I cannot express this quantity as a gradient of a potential is because this seems to mix up the components. One good thing is it never mixes up all the components it mixes up maximum two components at a time. Now, that tells us that may be we should not be looking for expressing it as a gradient of a scalar, but we should probably go higher up take talk about a tensor of rank two and of course, by doing an appropriate algebra reduce the tensor of rank two to a vector because after all left hand side is a vector and that is what we do here. So, what one can show which I will show after assuming the result that if you define a tensor of rank two which I will indicate by a notation like this a double arrow such that the alpha beta components alpha going from 1 to 3 is epsilon 0 e alpha e beta minus half of e square times delta alpha beta. Well remember that I worked only on the electric field. So, what I have is actually a corresponding term from the magnetic field as well and this will be b alpha b beta minus half b square delta alpha beta. This quantity has been given a name as Maxwell's stress tensor. What you want to do now is to obtain the relationship between what I proved here that is the remember the integration of this just x component add up the corresponding y and the z component take the integration then you should be able to show that this is nothing but the momentum that appears on the left hand side. So, let us let us look at how one handles this. So, basically this is what we have written down, but let me let me illustrate it by sort of writing down specifically some components. For example, let me take b is equal to 0 as an example. Now, if you take b is equal to 0 my stress tensor only has electric component. So, the t can be then expressed as a matrix which is epsilon 0. Now, remember this is x x x y x z like this it goes. So, x x is E x square because E x E x minus half E square because it is x x. Now, this is E x E y the delta alpha beta term does not coming. This is E x E z this is a symmetric tensor because 1 2 2 1. So, this is also though E y E x I will write it as E x E y this is E y square minus half E square this is E y E z and this is E x E z this is E y E z and this is E z square minus half E square. So, this is this is the way one could write down. So, this is t x x this is t x y this is t x z t y x t y y y t y z etcetera. And if you do not have magnetic field equal to 0 then of course, this will become much bigger. Now, what we want to show is this that if you take a divergence of this quantity then you get hold of a scale vector. Now, remember that when we had a vector if you did a divergence you got a scalar. In other words the a vector is a tensor of rank 1. So, when you took a divergence of a vector which is divergence of a tensor of rank 1 you got a scalar which can be regarded as a tensor of rank 0. So, if I take divergence of a tensor of rank 2 I expect a vector and that is what I am looking for. So, let us look at that. So, del dot t t is the tensor this quantity is for example, if I look at the alpha component of this it is a vector. So, there are three components there. So, this is sum over beta is equal to 1 2 3 d by d x beta of t alpha beta this beta index is summed and therefore, it is just that. So, let us look take again b is equal to 0 because it is a symmetric term. So, therefore, whatever I do for e I can carry it over for b. So, what I will show is that if you take del dot t and let us look at its x component and let me take b equal to 0 for convenience. So, by definition here is the definition therefore, I get d by d x of t x x plus d by d y of t x y plus d by d z of t x z. Now, remember I had already derived what is t x x what is t x y what is t x z. So, this is equal to d by d x of e x square minus half e square plus d by d y of t x y is e x e y plus d by d z of t x z is e x e z. Now, this is precisely what we had shown to be the x component of the quantities which are there. So, you notice this that I wrote down this is the way I had written it down this is exactly the x component. So, in other words the Maxwell stress tensor that we have defined its divergence which makes it a vector gives me the right hand side of the equation that I wrote down. So, let us now repeat rewrite the equations they are summarized on the screen. So, this is d p mech by d t plus we had seen this is 1 over c square d s by d t. So, that is equal to divergence of the Maxwell stress tensor. So, if you now want to write down if you remember that this is my way I wrote down, but this is total d p mech by d t this should have been integrated out because that was a density. So, this side should also be integrated out and as a result one can prove a theorem very similar to the way we prove the divergence theorem. So, this quantity will give you the surface integral of t dot d s exactly the way we did it t dot m can be interpreted as the momentum flux which is normal to the boundary surface. Now if instead of this total momentum total electromagnetic field momentum you want to write it in terms of the momentum density then what you get is d p mech by d t small p I am using for density plus 1 over c square d s by d t is equal to del dot. The interpretation of this is very similar to the way we interpreted the energy density. So, I have got on the left hand side the net electromagnetic momentum and the mechanical momentum and any change in this can happen due to the momentum flux that is going out of the surface. So, in some sense this equation is an equation for conservation of linear momentum. Give some very simple illustrations there of this one is a rather simple example I will give a little more complicated example later. Just consider a pair of capacitor plates we know that let me take as the positive x direction this is the positively charged plate this is the negatively charged plate. So, the electric field goes from the positive charged plate to the negative charged plate inside the between the capacitor plates. . So, if you look back and look at what is the field the Maxwell's stress tensor is like the you notice that the stress tensor is E x square minus E square. Now remember electric field is in the same direction as the x direction. So, therefore, E x square and E square are the same which means this term should be E square by 2 and since there are only x components any cross terms will be 0. So, this tensor will be a diagonal matrix and here what I have written down is the strength of the electric field which is sigma square by 2 epsilon 0 1 minus 1 minus 1. So, that is this should have been squared and the if you look at f equal to t dot t dot d s then you can simply find out how much is the pressure on the negative plate. Let me take a rather difficult example and this is a problem which we had talked about earlier when we talked about the way to discuss the magnetostatics, but this time I will I am looking at it as an illustration of how to use Maxwell's stress tensor. So, this is I have a shell which is a charged cell and the charge is charge density is sigma and this is rotating with an angular velocity omega. What we want to do is to find out how much is the force exerted by the southern hemisphere of this charge sphere on the northern hemisphere. So, it is a rotating charge disk. Now, you in the during when we did magnetostatics we had taken up this type of a problem and we had seen that here is the coordinate system. This is your radial vector perpendicular to that along the direction of increasing theta is the direction of theta vector and this is the z. This is the standard cylindrical coordinate system if you like. Now, the magnetic field inside was constant magnetic field inside was given by two-third mu 0 sigma r omega along the z direction. Magnetic field outside had this expression mu 0 m by 4 pi r cube where m is a magnetic moment and which is related to this by 4 pi by 3 m actually it is r cube into r omega sigma, but r 4th omega sigma and this is the expression for the magnetic field outside. . So, what we are going to do is to try to find write it in terms of the Maxwell's stress tensor. Let me let me emphasize that this is not the simplest way of doing this problem, but nevertheless we are looking at it as an application of the Maxwell's stress tensor. So, let us look at what we have. So, firstly you have to realize that by symmetry the force on the northern hemisphere must be along the z direction. Now, since it is along the z direction I should be looking for only f z. So, if I look at f z we have seen f z can be written as the z component of del dot t which has t x y t x z and things like that. So, let us we are not interested in all the t axis. So, we are interested in t one of the components is fixed as z. So, t z x remember there is another point that so far I was singling out the electric field. Now, in this case I am only looking at the magnetic force. So, as a result I will assume that the electric field is 0. Now, this is not really true because the electric field will be always there the electric force will be always there because there is a charge density there. So, therefore, but that is a different part whether it is spinning or not there will be electric force I am not looking at that. So, t z x is 1 over mu 0 b z b x t z y is 1 over mu 0 b z b y and the diagonal component which was t z z is 1 over mu 0 remember this was b z square minus half b square.   Now, let us look at how we can write this t z x is b z b x. So, this is b z b x d s x.  So, I get b z into b y d s y. So, therefore, I can get a 1 over mu 0 I have forgotten. So, let me know 1 over mu 0 will come here 1 over mu 0. So, what we have seen is from these 3 terms I will get a b z and a b x d s x plus b y d s y plus b z d s z which is nothing, but b dot d s t z z you remember had an additional terms which is. So, I must write it as minus 1 over 2 mu 0 integral b square this term d s z only. So, this is my f z. Now, I am going to calculate both of them separately. Now, so in all words I will have to calculate a contribution due to the internal field which you have seen is constant and an external field. I will illustrate just one of those things. So, look at what is f z for the fields inside. So, when you are looking at the inside the cap that is there is the equatorial plane. So, the only thing that I have there is the pi r square and the magnetic field is constant there along the z direction. So, as a result this simply gives me minus t z z and pi r square minus because it is in negative direction and I know what is t z z. So, which is 1 over mu 0 b z square minus b square by 2 into pi r square and we have seen that inside b square and b z squares are the same. So, therefore this takes care of minus 1 over 2 mu 0 b z square or b square whatever into pi r square. Substitute the constant field which we have here which is two thirds mu 0 omega sigma r whole square and you can simply write this as minus 2 by 9 of pi mu 0 omega square sigma square r fourth. So, this is this is my force on the hemisphere northern hemisphere due to the field which is inside. Now, let us look at what is happening outside the outside expression is a little more complicated, but the principle is more or less the same. So, look if you look at it b outside is mu 0 m by 4 pi r cube I have told you m I have given you an expression into 2 cos theta r plus sin theta theta and I need remember my first term was b z times b dot d s. So, I need that and of course, there is another term which is the second term which is d s z. So, what is b z b z is r dot z the r dot z is cos theta I already have a cos theta here. So, that gives me 2 cos square theta and what is theta dot z theta dot z is minus sin theta minus because the angle theta is the direction the angle that the radial vector makes with the z axis. So, that increasing theta direction is gives you a minus sign. So, it is 2 cos square theta minus sin square theta and. So, you can rewrite this as mu 0 m by 4 pi r cube 3 cos square theta minus 1 what is b dot d s well the magnetic field is given by this. Now, d s on the surface of the hemisphere is along the radial direction. So, therefore, I do not have to worry about this term I simply worry about.  So, if you plug this in and the secondly I need a b square term which is simply taking the square of that modular square of this which is 4 cos square theta plus sin square theta add them up you find b square is given by this expression times 3 cos square theta plus 1. With this you fix both the b z and b square which are required for the calculation of the stress tensor. So, this is what we have written down. So, let us look at any one of those integrations.  Now, this is absolutely trivial because all that is you have to realize is these are cos theta integration and there is a sin theta d theta there the phi integration does not come into the picture. Since it is a hemisphere the integral limits are from 0 to pi by 2 you work that out you get substitute for m you get an expression like this.  So, what I need to do now is to add up all the three things that we have got two terms of the field outside and a term that we obtain for the field inside and you get that the force that is acting on the northern hemisphere is given by an expression on this time.


Dream Interpretation Dream interpretation is the process of assigning meaning to dreams. In many ancient societies, such as those of Egypt and Greece, dreaming was considered a supernatural communication or a means of divine intervention, whose message could be interpreted by people with these associated spiritual powers. In modern times, various schools of psychology and neurobiology have offered theories about the meaning and purpose of dreams. Most people currently appear to interpret dream content according to the Freudian theory of dreams in countries, as found by a study conducted in the United States, India and South Korea. People appear to believe dreams are particularly meaningful, they assign more meaning to dreams than to similar waking thoughts. For example, people report they would be more likely to cancel a trip they had planned that involved a plane flight if they dreamt of their plane crashing the night before than if the Department of Homeland Security issued a federal warning. However, people do not attribute equal importance to all dreams. People appear to use motivated reasoning when interpreting their dreams. They are more likely to view dreams confirming their waking beliefs and desires to be more meaningful than dreams that contradict their waking beliefs and desires.


I'm Drew Bae, personal trainer. I've been training people since about 1993, during which time I worked with a lot of the top people in high-intensity training. It's actually inspired to become a trainer when people started asking me questions about my own workouts. Prior to using high-intensity strength training, I had done a lot of the more popular bodybuilding routines, nonsense out of the magazines, and for years had been stuck at around the high at 140s, at the most low 150s. Within a period of maybe about six months after starting high-intensity strength training, I went up about 30 pounds, solid pounds, got leaner in the process. People started asking me in the gym, what are you doing? Constantly, it started working with other people and their workouts and decided this is something I enjoy, something I could do for a living. My biggest influences in exercise were former Mr. Olympia Mike Menser and Ken Hutchins, who was a researcher for Nautilus. The general principles that I follow with my training came from what I learned from Mike Menser and the specifics of exercise instruction and a lot of more advanced things came from Ken. Well, the biggest general influence has been the philosopher, Ayn Rand, and her philosophy of objectivism, which I learned about through Mike Menser. It would actually be easier and a much shorter list to say the few things I see people getting right in the field of exercise than the misconceptions about, and this is a conservative estimate, about 99% of the things you see most people doing when they think they're exercising are complete nonsense, utter bullshit. The biggest three things that people do wrong, and this is with regards to whether they're training for bodybuilding, for fat loss, athletics, all across the board, the biggest mistakes people make exercising are to do way too much, too often, and without anywhere near enough effort. If most people cut their exercise volume and frequency in half and double the effort that they put into their workouts, they'd immediately start getting a lot better results. Some of the biggest misconceptions in the field of nutrition are the idea that large saturated fat intakes are bad for you and that there's an association between saturated fat intake and cholesterol and heart disease. And along those lines, the idea that people should eat large amounts of grains, starchy carbohydrates. In fact, the opposite is true. A lot of people have made it out to be this devil, claiming it's responsible for increase in amount of cardiovascular disease, rising rate of obesity, but going back as far as Ansel Keyes and the 1960s and the lipid hypothesis, none of these claims have had any real science behind them. A lot of the beliefs that we have about saturated fat and cardiovascular disease are based on a lie. In Ansel Keyes' research that he initially presented, trying to show a correlation between saturated fat intake and rates of cardiovascular disease, he left out data from all the countries that disproved his hypothesis. So basically anything that didn't agree with what he was trying to say, he just cut out. Since then, since the 1960s, there has never been any study that has conclusively tied saturated fat intake or even fat intake in general to cardiovascular disease. If anything, it's the inflammation resulting from chronically elevated insulin levels, which is caused by people consuming large amounts of grain products and other simple sugars that have led to increases in cardiovascular disease. The fats have almost nothing to do with it.  And it's actually better for a person to get their energy from fat calories than from consuming too many carbohydrates, especially a lot of simple sugars and grains. See, a lot of, and this is a little bit of a simplification, but to a large degree, fat storage is driven by insulin. And while carbohydrate intake causes an increase in insulin, fat intake does not affect insulin. For the same intake and calories of fat versus calories of carbohydrate, you would end up with less of the fat coming in stored as fat than the carbohydrate because you don't have the same increase in insulin. Again, assuming, you know, same calorie intake. Three biggest mistakes I see people doing it with regards to nutrition. First off is just not paying any attention to it to begin with, particularly where fat loss is concerned. People think that they can just exercise and lose fat.  It's almost entirely a matter of diet. Second, and along those lines, people tend to take in far too many starches, far too many grains, far too much processed foods in general. And in doing so, usually way too little protein. The majority of people do much, much better to increase their protein and fat intake and reduce their carbohydrate intake and cut out, you know, grains and processed foods altogether. A lot of people say, oh, I don't have the time or healthier food costs more tons and tons and tons of excuses. Most of those excuses come down to, again, laziness. A person choosing convenience, choosing what is expedient or thinking in the short term, what is going to satisfy them at that particular moment as opposed to their long term health. They need to make a decision. And that decision is what is really important to them. Initially, you have to do a little bit more planning, but in the long run, it's actually going to be more convenient for you. If you're willing to do that planning, stick to it. And no, it's not going to be more expensive. You can buy healthier foods.  You can buy a lot of fresh fruits and vegetables and still save money because you're buying based on a plan. You know, we need this much food because this is what we're going to have on these days. And you don't end up with a lot of it going to rot. And you don't end up spending a ridiculous amount of money for items at a fast food place. So it's not hard. It's not that inconvenient as far as your time. You just have to educate yourself about what you need to do, plan for it and stick to the plan. I think a lot of what people consider conventional wisdom in different areas is outright wrong. Everybody is ignorant. You know, we only have a limited amount of time, you know, so much that we can devote to learning about different things. And people tend to have a few areas that they focus on that they might be educated about. But nobody can know a large amount or everything there is to know about everything. So if you have a particular area of interest, and if you have the necessary critical thinking skills to sort, you know, fact from fiction, you might be aware that certain things in your field are not what most people think. But there's no knowing, you know, how much of what is generally accepted about other things is or isn't correct. For example, because I've been fortunate enough to work with real experts in my field. And because I do have a critical thinking skills, I know that the majority of what people believe about exercise, a lot of what's considered common sense is outright bullshit. Best that I can hope to do is do my homework, if I wonder about something, and be critical in thinking about the answers that I get. Again, the fitness industry, the idea that a person can lose fat doing aerobics, based on the idea that a person burns a significant amount of calories doing it. Most people hear things like training studios advertising that a person is going to burn 1000 calories doing a kickboxing class, or they got a gadget on TV that a person rides this for 30 minutes, they're going to lose so much pounds of fat per week. The average person, if they did a little bit of research could find out that, you know, pound of fat contains approximately 3500 calories worth of energy, and that these activities don't really burn anywhere near enough that even if a person were to spend an hour or more a day doing them over the course of an entire week, that they might burn might enough to lose maybe a third, maybe a half a pound of fat, which over the long run is barely anything. Somebody training properly, somebody training less than half an hour an entire week, proper strength training, and following a proper diet could easily lose, you know, pound and a half, two pounds or in some cases more per week. A lot of mistakes that people make in making conclusions about different areas, and especially in exercise and diet is confusing correlation with causation. A lot of times you'll see people reporting on different studies or using studies to justify some claim that they're making saying, you know, because this group did this, they got this result. Good example is something that Ken Hutchins brought up once. If you went to a basketball game, and you saw a bunch of really tall people running up and down the court, you wouldn't make the mistake of saying, well, you know, if I want to be taller, I should run up and down the court. I see all these tall people running up and down the court. That must be how that happened. No, the fact is they're there playing professional basketball because their height gave them an advantage. Same goes for a lot of different exercise studies. A lot of times it's assumed that a person gets a particular physical characteristic, whether it's getting leaner or getting more muscle, or being able to do something better or longer because of the activity that they're doing. What they fail to consider is that people are drawn to activities that they excel at. Somebody who has an advantage in something who does better at it, because they do better at it, are going to enjoy it more, they're more likely to do it. A common example is saying, you know, exercise and health. Well, you can say that you took a big survey of all these people and the people that exercised tended to be healthier. Well, are they healthier because they exercised, or were they more likely to exercise because they were healthier, they had more energy, they were more apt to do so. This is really general, but you see it in all sorts of areas. And like we just talked about a little bit ago with the running and joint health, saying that, you know, people that ran for such and such a period of time that have been like master's runners, competitive runners in their 50s, 60s or whatever, you know, have better health this or that. Well, the fact that these people have the better health is usually in spite of the fact of all of their running. If anything, they're lucky that it hasn't wrecked them.  These things have become popular, not because they're safe or effective or efficient ways to improve the human body, but because they're trendy. These things are based on fad, not science, stuff like pilates, traditional aerobics or cardio, the use of stability balls, the so-called functional training craze. These are all things that got popular in spite of not being very good ways to train because they were marketed effectively because there's a lot of money to be made.  Problem with this is the fact that a particular person got some result doing these activities is not proof that they could not have gotten better results in much less time and with less wear and tear on their body had they been training properly. A couple places that people can go if they want more information on this, Bay.com, B-A-Y-E.com, Mike Menser.com, bodybyscience.net. And if they read the information and I challenge them to apply it, even if it's just for a month or so, they'll find that they're going to get a lot better results, they're going to get noticeable results much, much more quickly and with a lot less wear and tear on the joints. Regarding independent versus corporate, that really depends on the individual and the corporation. I think some people work better on their own, some people work better as part of a team. And if they do, it also depends on who they're working with. If you've got a corporation where everybody has complementary skills, good communication and a plan and they work together well, then that's great. But if you've got something where there's a lot of in-fighting or where you don't have the right people with the right skill sets, it can be a nightmare. Another problem with corporations is, unfortunately, you can only be as honest as the most honest person above you in the hierarchy. Especially in industries where there's a huge profit potential. Higher potential for profits more likely are going to have somebody in there who is going to look the other way on certain things or maybe do some things that are a little bit immoral. Problem is, if you're underneath that person, then you're either obligated to go along with it if you want to keep your job or get out of the company. So again, it's really hard to say which is a better way to go. It really comes down to individual circumstances.  Most people seem to not want to take responsibility for themselves and in a lot of different ways. Financial, the people out there, they don't want to take responsibility for their kids. They don't want to take responsibility for their actions. And going along with not wanting to take responsibility for their actions, a lot of people don't seem to want to take responsibility for their health. Go outside and just look around. Anywhere, a mall, an airport, a busy street, anywhere where there's a lot of people.  And the problem with this is that the burden is on everybody else because of the costs on not just health care, but every single thing, every service we use, every product we buy. If a person is in poor shape, they're not as productive. If they're not as productive, they don't give as much to the company they work for. That company has to pay a certain amount of money to produce a product or to provide a service.  They're not able to function efficiently. Whatever that product or services, that costs more money. So it's not just health care. It is literally everything. The biggest danger that younger generations face is the increase in government. People are becoming more and more willing to give up what little freedoms they still have in exchange for handouts from the government, in exchange for the idea, not the reality, but the idea that they're getting more and more security. Now the problem with this is that a parasite, which is literally what a lot of people are becoming, cannot survive if it kills its host. The host are productive, hard working people. The people who innovate, the people who are inventing, the people who are out there starting corporations coming up with new products and new services. And parasites are all the people who would rather sit at home, who would rather have the government babysit them, babysit their children and provide them with everything they need. Somebody has to pay for these things and they say, oh, the rich. The rich have to pay for this. The rich have to pay for that. They have all this money. Well, government, take it from them, give it to us. I enjoyed participating in the event. I enjoyed speaking there. And although I wasn't talking about, I guess you refer to it a game, I think that all of it ties in. Although what most of the people were talking about was nuts and bolts of this is how you go out about and do this, physical fitness and bodybuilding, you know, development to the physique in particular, are as much a part of it as a psychological side. As with any industry, you can't generalize within the pickup artist industry. I'm sure you've got some people who are scam artists.  And on the other hand, you've got people who are actually providing an important service. Now, I've been married for five years, been with my wife for a total of 10 years.  But when I was, this was pre-internet. I'll show my age here a little bit. And over the past decade or so, people have been more and more reliant on technology for communication and for socialization. You've got people going in chat rooms, people meeting people on MySpace, Facebook, whatnot. But as a result, a lot of people are losing the ability to interact with others face to face. And this has probably resulted in a lot of people just not knowing how to go out and really meet somebody, how to go to a club, how to go to, you know, any kind of event and know how to pick up a woman and not make a complete fool of themselves in the process. So although, you know, maybe 20 years ago it might have seemed like, well, who needs classes on this? I think now more than ever with people being more and more disconnected because of technology, something like this is a real service to people who may not have developed the social skills that they would have if they were out there more. I met Anthony through another personal trainer. I maintain a blog on high intensity strength training and Anthony maintains a blog on a variety of lifestyle issues. And we started communicating through the internet. I had Anthony over to try out a prototype of a motorized exercise machine that I was testing at the time. And just from there stayed in contact. One thing led to another and I ended up speaking at the last 21 convention. I wasn't sure what to expect speaking at the 21 convention, but it sounded like it would be an interesting event. And most of the audience was obviously there because they wanted to focus on appearance improvements, physique enhancement. And that's an area that is of primary interest to me. I've always, first and foremost, considered myself a physique transformation specialist in terms of personal training. More so than athletic training, more so than any other aspect of fitness. My focus has been making people look better. And considering the content to the focus of the 21 convention, I figured this is a chance for me to talk about something that interests me and talk to people who are going to get a lot of benefit from it. I actually didn't spend a lot of time at the event. I hung around a little bit before my presentation and got to here. I think it was Adam Lyons speaking. And my impression without having seen any of the other presentations was just from his talking with people offstage on a personal level that this is a science.  This is a psychological science. I was very impressed and that's just with what little bit of informal conversation I picked up. It's definitely something that if people feel awkward talking to women, if people aren't sure of themselves or want to do better in social situations that they would benefit a lot from going to. While a lot of the guys that are coming to the convention are probably a lot more interested in learning game, they shouldn't ignore anything else that's going to give them an edge. And being healthy, being physically fit is going to make a difference. Now, going back millions of years our genes have been programmed so that we find people who are fit, people who are healthy, more sexually attracted.  I think that it's good that the 21 convention is broadening the lifestyle topics that it's covering because ultimately, if you want to be more successful with women, you have to focus on yourself first. You have to create yourself as somebody that women are going to be attracted to. And that's not just about game, but being healthy, being savvy financially, and being an all-around, well-developed person, having a balanced lifestyle.


7. Teaching ideas to spice up your ESL classes. Do you want to make your English lessons more exciting? We have the perfect teaching ideas for you. Here are 7 amazing activities to spice up your ESL classes. 1. Headlines. This is a great one to practice different tenses, especially the passive voice. Have your students come up with headlines for their class, such as the teacher's purse was stolen, the students were taught passive voice. This also works for vocabulary lessons and other grammar structures. 2. Controversial issues. This one works well with intermediate and advanced students. Introduce a controversial issue, such as capital punishment, for example. Then, the students choose their side and group into teams. They do some research about the topic and take notes that support their stance. Then, you hold a classroom debate going back and forth between the two teams. 3. 20 questions. One student has to think of someone or something that they want to be. The other students then try to guess what or who the student is by asking 20 yes or no questions. If they guess correctly with 20 questions or less, they get a point and if they can't guess correctly after 20 points, the student gets a pawn. 4. My routine. This is a great activity for practicing the simple present and adverbs of frequency. Have your students either write down or verbally communicate their daily routines. You can also turn this into a continuous activity with a class journal. 5. If I were rich. Print out or bring to class a lotto ticket, and explain the concept of playing lotto, and why some people might want to play lotto. Then, introduce the question, what would you do if you were rich, and have students brainstorm some ideas? Then, the students write down what they would do, if they were rich and share it with the whole class. 6. Grammar Story. Hand out several magazines and newspapers to your class, and ask them to construct a story with a fictitious person using pictures from the handouts. The goal is to use present, past and future tenses to write about the fictional character's life. 7. Plans and predictions. If you're looking for an activity to practice future tenses, this is it. Have your students discuss what they plan for, to be going to, and predict, will, in the future. Which is your favorite teaching activity? As you can see, there are many ways to put some pep into your English lessons to get your students excited and engaged.


Elegothionine, ERGO, an essential amino acid found naturally in mushrooms and other food sources, may have the potential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases associated with aging. Research suggests that ERGO may act as a longevity vitamin by protecting cells from oxidative stress and inflammation. However, current knowledge about the effects of agricultural practices on ERGO levels in food is limited. Further research is necessary to understand how these practices affect the availability of ERGO in the human diet and its potential to improve long-term health. This article was authored by Robert B. Beelman, Michael D. Calaras, Alan T. Phillips and others.


यह जूटडड तीज़ामपल लमपट्ज़ी आस्धार अनलतिस यह तो वाई में दिपना सेगटान नाई पनिब अन अद़ चलूँँँग करेंगे आत्चार औनाललिसिख को आईक प्रूँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँँ� गी साद करने प्रूयत Nabhis weekly ज़़े है खोरनिन सासाच्टाय। बसेरए नयी सुए एक मिदhe nahde क Bose लेंब्राद 3 is the third value of the eigenvalues, and here is the beta 1, beta 2, beta 2 these are the eigenvector, now the first part is, assume k equals to one factor model, where we have to do one factor solution, and I have explained that we can do one factor mathematically, we have seen one factor mathematically, we have solved it mathematically but more than one factor solution we will solve it on the software. we have to calculate the loading matrix, sigma and the matrix of the specific variance psi using principal component solution method, now we have the restriction that we have to find the loading matrix and the specific variance psi, but with whom we have to use the principal component analysis, we have to solve it with that method, now the second part, what proportion of the total variation explained by the first common factor, so in the second part we have to find total population variance is explained by the first common factor, and the first factor is the total variation which is explained by the first common factor. so this is the question, and here is the solution, now look at this, principal component method for k equals to one, so now what have we done, this is the lambda, lambda prime, now what have we done here, now we have pair of, this is the pair of the eigenvalues and the eigenvector used, so lambda basically we have lambda one, beta one, sk root, so lambda prime we have beeta one, lambda one sk root, beta one transpose, in general we have lambda one sk root, lambda one sk root when we have multiplied and then when we have cancelled sk root, it will turn into sk form and we will cancel, so lambda lambda prime, multiply by 0.567, then second value, previous we solved this in all the matrices. Now look at this, we have the matrix of 3x3. Now we know that, lambda, lambda prime is not there, now we have lambda. So what we have lambda, lambda 1 1, lambda 2 1, lambda 3 1. So lambda prime, lambda 1 1, lambda 2 1, lambda 3 1. So what happened, if I first do lambda 1 1 into lambda 1 1, lambda 1 1 square, second, lambda 1 1, lambda 2 1, lambda 1 1, lambda 3 1. So what will it be, 3x3 has come to you. Now what have we done with this, we can compare it easily. So lambda 1 1 square, lambda 1 1 square is 0.766, its square root. So after taking square root, we have lambda 1 1, 0.88. Now lambda 2 1, lambda 2 1, 0.69, its square root, 0.83, lambda 3 1 square, and we have 0.629, its square root. So after that, we have lambda 1 1, lambda 2 1, and lambda 3 1. Now lambda prime, which is equal to 1 1 2 1, 3 1, values are lambda prime. For k equals to 1, now what have we done with this, we have done it with eigenvalues and eigenvector, this is the solution. We have used eigenvalues here, and then we have used eigenvector. That way we have solved the principal component, basically the principal component factors. So through the principal component, we have solved the factor analysis accordingly. For k equals to 1, 1 factor solution with 3 variables, we have this, this is the journal, lambda prime, you know that, sigma lambda lambda prime plus psi, if you don't put this bracket here, then it doesn't matter, because there is no such thing here. Sigma equals to lambda lambda prime plus psi, then we have value of sigma. Like we were doing in the previous video, we have values of sigma. Now lambda 1 1 square plus psi 1, compare with this, and where do you have this? So from there we have the values of sigma, compare it, and you know that we will have 6 equations. Further we have to find the values of lambda 1 1, lambda 2 1, lambda 3 1, then we have to find the values of psi. So specific variance is given as this. After simplification, now there is no simplification here, because in the previous two examples, we were solving this. After simplification, we will get the answer of the specific variance, which is equals to this one. So psi, we have psi 1 1, psi 2 and psi 3, this is psi 1, not 1 1. Now specific variance we have found earlier, because what we had, assume k equals to 1, calculate the loading matrix, loading matrix we have found earlier, and the specific variance by using the principal component solution method. A part we have completed here, this is the part A. Psi has also come, and we have the values of lambda, further we have lambda b. Now next is the B part, proportion of variation is explained by the first common factor. A proportion of variation is explained by the first common factor, we have to check the proportion of the first factor. So which is equals to lambda 1 over P. Now lambda 1, what is it? Eigen value is given as lambda 1. So lambda 1 is given as which is equal to 1.96 divided by P, dimensions or variable, how many variables are there? 3. And which is equals to 65.33%. It means that first factor, first variable is explaining 65.33% variation. That means one variable is explaining so many variables. So remaining where will it go? We will go to the other factors. We will tell the other factors. So what we have got first? The proportion of the variation is explained by the first common factor, which we have lambda 1. Because you have the highest eigen value of lambda 1. So according to the highest eigen value, we have seen that it is explaining 65.33% variation. Now then, we have to find the communalities in it. The communalities, as I told you in the previous video, what we have got is some of the squares. So we have got some of the squares. lambda 1, 1 square, lambda 2, 1, lambda 3, 1. And total communalities. Total communalities, we have added them. After adding them, we have total communalities. The value of lambda is 2.087. And you know that these values cannot be greater than 1. Now total variation of X. Now that total variation of X, that is how many we have now, which is equal to trace of sigma. And trace of sigma, the diagonal values of this sigma, which is equal to 1 plus 1 plus 1 equals to 3. The proportion of total variation of X, explained by the common factor. Now as I told you in the previous video, one factor. Now here we have to see the total variation explained by the common factor. Common factor, how many variations are being explained? lambda divided by trace of sigma. So what was lambda? Now we do not have lambda 1 or 2. This is the total communality. This is the total communality, lambda 2.087. The 2.087 divided by trace of sigma divided by 3, which is equal to 69.5%. It means that total variation of X, explained by the common factor, 69.5%. Remaining, how many will you have? 30.5 factor, where will it go? Specific factors? Proportion of the total variation of X, explained by the specific factor, which is equal to this. This is the formula. To obtain the proportion of the total variation of X, sum i varies 1 to p, psi i divided by trace of sigma. And psi's values we have defined. So psi which is equal to this, psi i, we have also defined previously. Here is the psi i, psi 1, psi 2, psi 3. This is the psi 1, psi 2, psi 3. Divided by trace of sigma, which is equal to 3. And after calculation, the value is 30.5. Now how many total do you have? You have 69.5. So how many remain? 30.5. So 30.5, which variation you have explained? Specific factors you have. 69.5, variation is being explained. Common factor. So this is the example number 3. In example number 3, we have used the concept, principal component analysis. We have used the principal component. This is the principal factor method. This is the principal factor method. In this, we have solved all these solutions with eigenvalues and eigenvectors. So this is, you also have that we have given total variation. Common factors, but we have found common factors and specific factors. Through which, eigenvalues and eigenvectors. With principal component. So this is the example number 3 of factor analysis.


Secret treaties have existed all along in the history of mankind. Many of them have provided for alliances, mutual defence and assistance in case one of the contracting states is in a state of war against a third state. Because of their secrecy, those treaties have been considered to be dangerous and undesirable for the unforeseeable consequences they trigger. Secret treaties were blamed for helping spark the First World War. And as a result, in his opening statement for the 14 points that he presented in January 1918 as the basis for a future peace treaty, President Wilson straightforwardly condemned I quote, secret understandings of any kind. He solemnly declared, I quote again, the day of conquest and aggrandizement is gone by, so is also the day of secret covenants entered into in the interest of particular governments and likely at some unlooked for moment to upset the peace of the world, end of quote. Since the very first of the 14 points called for, I quote, open covenants of peace, openly arrived at after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind, but diplomacy shall proceed always, frankly, and in the public view, end of quote. This idea that secret treaties were to be banned was translated in article 18 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, which provided that League members must register their treaties with the League Secretariat in order for them to be published. The last sentence of article 18 stated that I quote, no such treaty or international engagement shall be binding until so registered. Under that system, non-registered treaties, whether deprived of any binding force, which is quite a rather radical outcome, the Covenant of the League of Nations has been terminated after the entry into force of the United Nations Charter. And under article 102 of the United Nations Charter, member states have also a similar obligation to register with the UN Secretariat every treaty and every international agreement they have entered into. Such obligation only exists for new treaties in the future, that is, once the Charter is in force and the state concern has become a member of the UN. Article 102 says that the registration of treaties must be done, I quote, as soon as possible, but there is no time limit for such process. Once the treaty is registered, the UN Secretariat must publish it, which is done through what is called the United Nations Treaty Series, a very large collection of volumes and now an online database, which is freely accessible on the UN website. The drafters of the United Nations Charter probably thought that the sanction provided for under article 18 of the League of Nations was too radical. It was therefore replaced under article 102, whose paragraph 2 provides that, I quote, no party to any such treaty or international agreement which has not been registered may invoke that treaty or agreement before any organ of the United Nations. Thus, instead of being deprived of their binding force, non-registered treaties may simply not be invoked before any organ of the UN, most notably before the Security Council or the International Court of Justice. UN organs will just ignore non-registered treaties and will not be able to consider or protect any right stemming from them. However, because there is no time limit for the registration of treaties, a party which intends to avail itself of a non-registered treaty before a UN organ may suddenly rush to the Secretariat and present it for registration. When a depository is designated in a multilateral treaty, it will usually register the treaty with the UN Secretariat so that the other contracting parties will not have to do it themselves. Does this all mean that there are no secret treaties anymore? Well, it would be quite naive to think so and it is by definition also quite impossible to know precisely because those treaties are what they are. They are not made public and they are kept within some closed governmental circles. They remain secret, but this does not mean that the evolution resulting from the registration requirement is meaningless. On the contrary, the obligation to make treaties public somehow induced a change in the diplomatic culture. The contracting parties will have to decide whether they want to depart from the registration obligation instead of deciding that they want to publicize their treaty. And even if they agree to keep the treaty secret, any of the parties could at any time decide to present the treaty for registration without being susceptible of being blamed from a legal point of view for having breached any secrecy obligation that may exist between the parties. This is because the obligation to register treaties is contained in the UN Charter, article 102, and that as we shall see later in this course when addressing article 103 of the Charter, obligations under the UN Charter always prevail over other treaty commitments.


are live. Hello and welcome to episode 3 of season 3 of the free art show. My name is Kim Dias Holm. You can also call me Den Ungerhard Holm. I am an artist from Bergen Norway releasing art for free uses under a Creative Commons attribution license. So you can use it for anything you want as long as you credit me with my name. And the free art show is the show where I draw your requests and starting today I actually have a request that of course I forgot to write down who requested it. It was a request from the YouTubes but I thought it was a fun little request to start with and while I'm oh I love that I finally came in time for this good for you good for you while I love drawing and just talking about stuff let us also hear where people are located and see if you can guess what what the first request is. So I started the video recording. I have to draw this in less than 10 minutes. Okay let's see how it goes. Gonna start. After we're finished with this drawing I will be taking some request from you guys and then maybe yeah we'll see we'll see how many I take today. I'm kind of tired after the Inferno Festival still so it probably won't be that many but maybe a few. Oh I got a super chat for supporting the Iranian revolution and the Iranian revolution is still ongoing and the Iranian people still need our help. I've been making meaning to make another video about what's happening in Iran and I will hopefully get the time to do that soon now that the Inferno Festival is over. So we got viewers from the UK from Germany please make an elemental. Arizona USA is it an alien gnome? Oh it's kind of kind of an alien gnome. I can tell you what it is soon. Oh so many. It is not a squid. Why would this be a squid? Cuttlefish. It's not a cuttlefish. Why would I draw a cuttlefish? Nomapus. Cthulhu Rocket. It could be a Cthulhu Rocket. Cthulhu Rocket is my favorite post punk band. Cthulhu Rocket is more to the point. Squid. It's a spaceship. It's not a spaceship. Does this look like a spaceship? Oh I need to stop talking so much and and actually draw a little because the clock is ticking. I have 10 minutes to do this drawing which it should be good time but not if I forget to draw and only chat. Wizard octopus. It's not a damned octopus. Have you got octopuses on your brain? Love from Bangladesh. Excellent. Wizard Cthulhu. Very close. Very close but this is not a wizard hat. It's a type of hat that you would get if you were a bad boy in school. Could you draw my family crest and probably not. Dunce Cthulhu. That is correct. It is the Dunce Cthulhu but I think I will just call him bad Cthulhu because I think that's funnier. The request was to draw a eldritch horror with a Dunce cap. So Dunce Cthulhu came in my head immediately. So whoever requested that. Thank you because I got this exact image. Not exact but this approximate image in my head immediately. And that's the best that's the best type of request to do is the one that plants a seed in my imagination. We didn't get hats in my school because we didn't use those things anymore. Corporeal punishment still did happen but it wasn't supposed to happen. And that kind of making fun of the student. It's kind of disgusting that this is what schools are and have been. It's kind of insane. I'm feeling naughty. Penguin Cthulhu. Which number is it? We have to look here. It's number 1271. So at the start of doing my daily ink monsters I did one every single day for three years. But now if I'm drawing a lot of other stuff like I was doing at the Inferno I don't mind taking a little break from the ink monsters. And then I'm back to doing them every day when I don't have too much else to draw. Okay so here it is. Bad Cthulhu. Such a bad Cthulhu. She loves Dunce Cthulhu. Could I possibly do a water phoenix? What is a water phoenix? So as I said we will probably not be doing a very long live today missing the circle. No I'm not missing the circle. The Enso is a symbol that I put on some art when it's spiritually significant to me either because of the theme or because thank you for another big 20 euro super chat. The Enso is a symbol I put on art that has some sort of spiritual significance for me. And the reason I put it there is that I can show you. I can just illustrate it for you quickly here on a another sheet of paper so basically when I'm done with the drawing like say I draw this drawing here this is a little man you see it's and stream is down we're having some it was reconnecting I don't know why the is it laggy is the sound bad or is it just the reconnecting all good okay let us see so as I was saying when I've drawn drawing that I think might be spiritually significant for me either because of the subject matter or because of something I reflected on I check with the fates or the gods or the cosmos to see if it's worth keeping so if I do an Enso and it ends up looking like this it's worth keeping if I do an Enso and it ends up looking like this it's not worth keeping so if it turns out that way I will tear up the drawing because then the gods have decided that it wasn't meant to be so I would not put an Enso on bad Cthulhu unless it somehow was spiritually significant for me lucky he's not a tattoo artist yeah the oh my one tattoo if yet or two I have this one and I have one of my Enso's on the chest where I've started instead with Enso instead of ending with it and I'm going to get more tattoo artists to do my art on me in their styles so that's the idea let's find another request what do you want me to draw this time oh another super chat this should be enough for low cheap loaf of bread that helps every little bit helps maybe draw Jürgen gandit a bat a sea monster all good ideas a water elemental that is a good idea I'm still just waiting for something that sparks something in my imagination and I want a key oh what about a troll let's just do a troll because the trolls are some of my favorite things to draw and they're easy and I'm dead dead tired today self-portrait not today but let's do this troll I'm just going to do a time-lapse video of it so that I can use it as a short later Hustumpte would be good but it's not a Hustumpte it's just a troll it's just a troll do you see the troll I see some trolls there's a lot of possibilities here Donald Trump yes I said I would draw a troll does anyone know the ink he uses so it's a regular india ink I'll show the bottle I just need it's india ink from talents and royal talents it is I buy it because the local art store has it in liter bottles okay let's make this troll happen molehead big jaw that I can see that uh but I'm not going to do that what brushes uh do you so this is a very destroyed regular aqua brush or or watercolor brush I'm using the destroyed one because that's easier to do the broken lines with now we're going to give the troll one eye here and this is an ear okay and then the next eye has to be here but I want a little bit of highlight on the nose and a few teeth down here okay so that's the first troll head but trolls don't only have one head or they can but many times they don't so we will start going in with another head here this is going to be the shadow under the chin and then yeah I need to use a brush that's slightly less damaged because I have a lot of brushes lying around in all states of disrepair and I because I use my ooh another super chat because I the hype super chat thank you so much for the super chat because I abuse my brushes so much I have gone over to buying almost only cheap brushes once in a while I will buy a like a Kolinsky brush a sable hair brush a Windsor Newton series 7 or something like that but very very seldomly because I destroy the brushes so quickly so I buy cheap synthetic hair not not like Dimes or a dollar store cheap but but but art store cheap ooh another super chat fantastic thank you so much for the super chats it helps a lot the fact that youtube is going so well now means that I can invest more into to to my art into the free art show into making videos into doing a lot of fun stuff I hope so yeah I will I I can't say how appreciate it ooh another don't take you all and be stoned to you yeah so that sounds like a thing you'd say to a troll that turns to stone in the sunlight so let us just gather our minds again buy all 58 people to from mason kim how are you today I'm tired after inferno still I will be tired maybe for a week more um but but I'm good I'm actually good so let's get back to this what was I talking about yes the super chats super chats help a lot uh supporting on patreon helps a lot uh and just watching the videos or and using the art this will be uploaded for free use tomorrow we will probably have it up on the web store as well for $200 for the original you can if you the original is too expensive you can print it yourself and get it for free you can also earn money on it as long as you credit my name so this troll is kind of disappearing so we will need to go in with some white ink or some white uh thing hey kim I sent you an email a couple of weeks ago what's the best way to get in touch with you email is very good um but I apparently didn't reply uh because I get too many messages I get too many messages on my instagram on my email on my facebook and on my tiktok so I'm sort of overloaded with messages these days and it's hard to reply to all of them uh but again with the extra money that's coming in from youtube and from other places from patreon from the web store I will be getting help to do all this so that I'm you know uh so that I don't have to do all of it myself uh it's what brand of colored inks do you use I right now I use two different brands of colored inks for acrylic inks I use Amsterdam and for non-acrylic inks I don't know if I have one here I I have one that's empty I use senileer and and both of them are great senileer is a wonderful brand uh Amsterdam I they are good uh I when it comes to acrylic I prefer golden um let's see here should it be a two-headed troll or a three-headed troll you guys decide I can fit another head do you happen to know what determines the number of a troll uh heads the troll has no is this some obscure folklore that that that you know or did you just ask because if you just asked the the answer is how many it needs to have two heads eating a third how can you draw what's in your mind I can't do anything realistic uh without reference I if I want to do realistic I used reference this isn't realistic reference wouldn't help that much but it does help that I've used a whole ton of reference all through my life oh another super chat super chats are really rolling in today that is super super appreciated when you start doing art when I was one year old I started doing art I think these two are good with just two heads and we can even let's throw in a third head that they're eating yes third troll head so um if the question was if there is any justification in the the the uh I don't know of any justification for trolls having more than one head uh in the folklore or fairytales or sagas for instance uh one of the first attestations I know of uh Juten with many heads is the grandmother of Tyr the god in the story where Tyr and Tord goes fishing uh or Tord and uh what's his face the Juten the stepfather of Tyr in the story where they go fishing it says that Tyr's grandmother has I think a hundred heads or a thousand heads and that seems to be sort of the general gist of how troll heads work is that if it needs to be impressive it will have more heads the more impressive it needs to be the the more heads and the larger it will be and it doesn't really heads or more like faces all over the body in the um north poetry I think it says a hundred or a thousand heads uh I would have to double check I don't I've never heard of an interpretation that says it's all the heads are all over the body or anything like that uh but um one thing we have to remember that I keep reminding people of and I need to make a thousand videos about is that folklore and mythology thank you for another super chat actually you gave one earlier as well I think so thank you for the super chat and folklore and mythology is not a dungeons and dragons manual it's not a bunch of pokemon cards these are not defined species they are they are much looser terms they are um they are changing terms so for instance the word troll originally is used for almost any kind of a monstrosity uh so so sea serpents can be trolls and mermaids can be trolls and and trolls can be trolls and ghosts can be trolls it does indicate it seems to indicate a sort of a maliciousness and a sometimes stupidity as well so it and size so basically if it's big mean and stupid it's probably a troll and then with the years it seems like the more monstrous aspects of the jortens like the like the two's grandmother with a hundred heads seems to be more cemented into the modern idea of trolls uh but the modern look for trolls doesn't come from the folklore and the fairytales there are some indications of looks for trolls such as the the troll in the billy goat fairytale having eyes as big as plates and a nose as long as a broomstick but apart from that they don't have a defined look until the fairytales are collected and printed by in norway by osperation and mu and drawn primarily by Theodor Kittelsen who got his the job through his friend Erik Varenstrol and Varenstrol and Kittelsen are the especially Kittelsen but also Varenstrol are the two that define how Norwegian trolls look John Bauer is the one that defines how swedish trolls look these are modern interpretations of the fairytales in an age of science and it's not before we get uh those visual interpretations that we get the trolls defined as a as a species of its own and that's you could see that happening all over the world at that time that uh uh inspired by Charles Darwin and by Carl Linnaeus and by the scientific revolution folklorists were going around collecting tails and collecting creatures and they were also starting to define that this is a troll this is a dwarf this is a fey this is a vette this is a hulder this is a and and they they made up those categories the the the words were there before the ideas were there before but they were very interchangeable and often much looser than we like to think of them because folklore is not a dnd manual that it's not a dnd bestiary that's the point i always come back to we can't think of these things as different species or or really defined things they are much more vague more dreamlike more in a sense more menacing that way because you can sort of prove that a troll as a species doesn't exist but it's harder to prove that uh uh the the concept of big stupid maliciousness in the night exists or not it is easier to fear and believe in it no i'm not a believer in anything really but but uh you should have in the hall of the mountain king playing as background skillet we can we can just all together hum it ourselves and we can make this happen we can go dum dum dum dum dum dum dum dum dum dum dum dum and if you all hum it all over the world we can probably if we get enough viewers we can get the world to shake it now we don't get enough viewers and it wouldn't work that way i i'm just very tired but if someone um if someone wants to hum along to uh dovri gubben's hall or the hall of the mountain king we can do it now and go dum dum dum dum dum dum dum dum dum dum dum dum dum dum dum i really like your nails uh oh thank you thank you um there was another question about what's a basic color theory to learn so so i'm not very color smart i'm bad with color in the sense that it took a lot of time for me to learn it um and this of course depends on um on what level you're at so i don't know if you want a basic color theory about the color wheel or a basic color theory about uh hot and cold colors how uh if the lights are hot then the shadows are cold if the shadows if the lights are cold the shadows are hot though there's many types of those theories but one thing thank you for one more super chat thank you so much ashley right i suspect you're the superist uh the superist of them all today so the one thing that taught me more about color theory and how colors work than any other thing it seems so stupid and so simple but this was what taught me the most learn how to mix gray learn how to use the primary colors or whatever colors you have vibrant colors like this and mix gray from them and then you can start and mix that gray with hot and cold colors and get hot and cold grays and i don't know quite why but that taught me so much about how colors work that i never understood before i sat down and learned how to mix gray and when you mix gray you need to use a medium such as i think you can do it with gouache i'm not sure i have yeah i've tried to do it with gouache you um i can use oil or you can use acrylics you can't really use watercolor or markers or those don't work that way so i would sit down with acrylics is probably the easiest to to use and and learn how to mix gray and and when you mix gray when you've learned how to mix gray then you can start adding color back to it and and those colors you you mix with the gray they become a lot more subdued and subtle than the colors you use otherwise and so you learn subtlety in the art those legs were quick yeah they're basically just shadows so so it's i'm getting very tired now so so i'm trying to it would be wrong to say that i'm trying to get this over with quickly but i am trying to get this over with quickly without losing quality so uh drawing for five straight days drawing concerts for five straight days at the inferno festival and meeting so many people uh it was incredibly hard and incredibly rewarding and such a joy and privilege but a joy and privilege that takes its toll okay and the reason why i'm back drawing already even though i'm dead tired is that's what i need to do to keep some of the momentum and use that momentum hopefully to go from a depressive period which i had for over like between six and nine months now and go hopefully to a non-depressive period that would be ideal and if i just lay down and accept that i'm exhausted uh that i i will probably fall back into the depressive period but if i push the right amount and let myself rest enough but also push myself to get the to continue the good things i started doing before and during the inferno festival then that will likely help push me into a better period whether that better period be short or long i don't know but but that's the hope that's the hope so push yourself just don't push yourself too much push it to the limit don't push it to the limit i pushed it to the limit during the inferno festival and but i did it in a controlled way so i think that was very good for me but it was very exhausting just wanted to pop in and you're kim can you once make asdaha asdaha now i'm very tired and that names sounds familiar but i can't place it is it from the avesta is it from something like that is it from hindu or is it just warhammer can you draw king kong i have a king kong video i want to draw king kong again take it to the limit from the avesta yes so i yeah i will probably do more things from the avesta and from suru astyan and proto iranian religion from early iranian religion uh i did when the revolution in iran started i took that as the opportunity to read up a lot on suru astyanism do you like to smile i don't know what smile is they're gonna change public domain laws again though i haven't heard about any imminent change so if that's true then that is worrying because they never changed them for the better for the freer we need freedom of art is this piece going to be available at your shop yes so tomorrow i will upload it to my shop tomorrow or friday it will be uploaded to my shop for the sum of 200 dollars and it will also be uploaded for free use at the same time so if you don't have 200 dollars for the original you can get it completely for free do you ever draw anything cute i'll i'll show you cute god damn it this is a little bit cute now it's not cute cute strunberg i like that head i think this one is more or less done what shall we call them they need three names just realize you're left-handed i am i am i am left-handed can you draw king kong not today and i have a video up drawing king kong and talking about how i can draw king kong and why it's not copyrighted probably lefties unite yes and also left-handed people unite go to slumber yeah i will go to slumber soon what shall we call our three trolls kevin is the one in the hand will do a variation on kevin uh dyslexics untie that is a good dad joke i'm punished in school because i was left-handed hunts we can do hunts okay so we this is ink monster number 12 72 and it's queen so it's larry moe and not curly but kevin or rarly ome and queen that's a way i like to make silly names is just to take normal names and mess around with the letters nice thank you frogger if you ask me again if i like to smell your art i will mute you for a while because i have already answered it and i don't know what it means and it sounds like some stupid internet joke i think that will be the last ink monster for today okay you didn't hear the first time yeah i i have no idea what smell is so someone asked for a cute ink monster or cute something cute and i think bad kutulu is very cute oh and uh rarly ome and queen not quite that cute but you know it is what it is now if you want to support my art you can buy me a super chat or you can buy me a uh super thanks if you want to support on patreon then the best thing you can do is to support with one dollar a month only one dollar a month helps more than you can ever know if one percent of you supported with one dollar a month that would uh change my life and if you want to buy my art then you can go to my web store at den ungeherholm.com and buy prints t-shirts and originals and lastly if you uh do not have the money to support you can support my art by downloading it and using it for free you can even sell my art as long as you put my name on it and if you manage to make money on my art you don't owe me anything you just owe me the use of my name and i release all my art under creative comments attribution license so legally you are obliged to put my name on it and if you're thinking oh but i can't use your art or download it and print it without giving you something that would be unfair no it would not using my art is supporting me even if you don't pay dime you're spreading my work bad for me that you didn't see my comment but that's not important which comment was that uh there's so many comments this time so i couldn't see everyone but i'll give a tiny little look for that comment again so if you post it again i can see if i can answer it and then that will be the end of life and we've been going for 50 goddamn minutes so long i thought i would do a half an hour but but i'm bad at doing short things that's an amazing approach to growing your art i admire you for that it is it is something not something i do lightly it is something that i spent years planning and it is something that makes a lot of business sense if you're doing it's right and it's something that can be very scary if you do it without that's what she said it can be very scary if or stupid even if you do it without having thought about the implications and how that affects what type of work you should do we're just wrapping up but can you rewind it re you you can rewind it when that uh that stream is over just said that it's amazing to see your channel grow so much i remember when your channel was much smaller with less subscribers i've been subscribed for a long time hello my fellow norwegian bro hey a bro there okay so that was the last comment for today and thank you all for watching and do support my art by using it bye


Question is from Cole World. Are trap bar deadlifts as good as straight bar deadlifts? Oh, we did trap bar deadlifts on our post Thanksgiving workout. Yeah, it's not that I don't think it's as good or not as good, it's different. Yeah, you know, I actually like trap bar deadlifts better for the average person than a straight bar deadlift because you get a lot of similar benefits, not the same, it's a different exercise, but you get similar benefits but it's easier to learn and to do properly. Less actual skill of having to, you know, like your mechanics aren't as like, there's not a whole lot that you have to teach in terms of like where you have to be specifically to otherwise, you know, like you're gonna like potentially get hurt if you do it wrong. Yeah, the risks with straight bar deadlifts are higher than with trap bar deadlifts. It's more technical with a straight bar. And so your risk of injury is higher. Now, that doesn't mean you're going to get injured. If you do both right, you're fine. It just means if you mess up a little bit, you're probably more likely to mess up with a straight bar and then because you mess up a little bit, you're more likely to hurt yourself with a straight bar. So now that being said, functionally speaking, okay, I think straight bar deadlifts have a little bit, get the edge in terms of functional strength because when you're bending over to lift something up, it's typically in front of you. So I think of lifting up at the end of a couch or helping your buddy carry something.  Exactly. You're not close to your inner base in case you're doing that. But I get a lot of similar benefits. So with the trap bar, a little bit more quad involvement, but I still get that back thickness feel from it. I get less low back involvement than I would with a straight bar, but the low back is still pretty heavily involved. I personally can lift about anywhere between 60 to 70 more pounds with a trap bar because the biomechanics are just, it's better, there's more advantage to it. If I could pull 600 pounds with a trap bar, then that means I'd probably have 530 with a straight bar, type of deal. Yeah, I used the trap bar with, I guess we should explain what the trap bar is for somebody who doesn't know what that is. That's true. So the trap bar, it's like a, what shape is that? Is it like an, it's a- It's almost like a hexagon. It's almost like a hexagon. It does, it's almost like a score. They call it a hex bar as well, right? It's a hexagon. Yeah, so it's a hexagon is what it is. And then you stand in the middle of it and the hexagon goes all the way around you, right? And then you grab in a neutral grip. There's two handles on each side. Which is my favorite part is that it's in a neutral grip. Right, so I use this a lot with advanced age clients that I'm like training, right? So you can get the benefits, like you said, a lot of the benefits that you get for deadlifting without the help being as technical as the deadlift. But I prefer to teach that with the idea that we're going to progress to a deadlift eventually. And in fact, sometimes as a trainer, it's tough to actually get somebody really good at the trap bar and then transition to a conventional deadlift. Because if you didn't teach them how to properly set up with the trap bar as if you were going to be deadlifting with them, their setup is different. A lot of people can just get bent down to grab the trap bar and then they pick up and then they're all quad in it. And when I teach to get in set for a deadlift, I'm teaching more of the sliding the hips out and hinging back versus bending over to get the bar. And that's part of the poor mechanics that I see when people deadlift is they bend over to pick the bar up to deadlift and setting yourself up already and not loading the posterior chain first is one of the number one flaws I see with people deadlifting. And the other thing with the trap bar too is that there's two sets of handles on one and people don't know this, but if you, most trap bars, you can flip it upside down and there's a second set of handles and the handles on the backside of it are level to the weights where a straight bar will be. The ones on the top side, the handles come out and actually means you don't have to go down as low. And so when you use the upper handles, you're actually not doing as full of a range of motion as you are with the straight bar, with whatever the circumference is of a 45 pound plate. So that's something to consider too, if you use a trap bar, play around with the other sides, you go deeper. Also to that point, that's the other group of people I like, trap bar is great for athletes. Oh, it's the best deadlift for athletes. Because it more closely relates to the position that you would be in in basketball and football and any sports, rarely ever in sports will you be in a full range of motion, deadlift a barbell off a floor type of position. You're more likely at a slight bend in the knee like you would be in a trap bar, deadlift. So I think great for explosive jumps.  Right, right.  So you can really focus on the explosive movement. Yeah, well, I even like somebody like Corey Schlesinger who uses it like that same explosivity out of the movement of like a power clean, but you're just now basically using the trap bar and emulating that same movement with your hips and triple extension, but it's so much safer and way less to learn skill-wise. One of my favorite exercises that I do now more recently than I never did when I was younger are heavy trap bar farmer walks. And this is something I learned, I started using because of MAP Strong. And on MAP Strong, as part of their work sessions, you do farmer walks and it is recommended, you can do those with dumbbells too, but a trap bar is great because you fit right inside the trap bar. When you can load it way heavier.  And I just got great result. My arms felt bigger from doing that, just from holding onto that heavy weight. That's my favorite. And then, I mean, they do have some of those like handles where you can load plates. And so you have like two different handles that you can load like a heavy farmer load, but it's still, I mean, you're going to have that shift to consider. So it's nice to have that kind of balanced load too to load up heavy and walk with.