Okay, so basically I'm just going to start by doing just a little bit of some anatomy basic science sort of physiology sort of stuff. Mostly just high yield kinds of things. And basically if you know the answer great if you don't move on and that's no problem don't feel bad and just all for learning for all of us, but mainly I want to kind of get to the end I kind of want to get to some cases and just kind of shoot out some questions and learning about the cases, almost like oral board style. So basically we'll start with PG Y twos and, and then move on to PG Y threes and then PG Y fours and if you know what grade that's okay. So, let's get started here. Okay, so Tyler, what is this little. What is this thing right here. And how many of them are there roughly. Oh, 200 guests. Jordan, you know how many there are. I actually don't know either. Okay, that's okay. Don't worry. Can you shoot to get shoot out a guest. I'd say right at 100. Okay, let's move on Abby. One for I write silly body. How many silly body processes. Sorry, can you hear me. Yeah. Okay. Sorry, I'm just like walking. One for I write because it's like a one thing. So everybody. So there's, there's multiple silly bodies. Right now we have anywhere from 200 100. Let's see, Lydia, what do you think. I think it's to the pigmented and the non pigmented part. But how many processes are there. So there are processes. I have no idea. Tony. Let's go. All right. There's actually. Actually, do any of the seniors now. Is that all 70 is what I thought. Okay. So it's usually about 78. Isn't there 80 or 70. Yeah, it's really about, it's really about 70 to 80. And 80 is really the number you should probably know. So about 20 per quadrant. Okay. So I'm going to get to that question. So there's, there's parts to it. So what is, what is, what's significant about this to us? What does it do? Actually never mind. I just said that it's, it's on here. So you have, so it secretes a quiz, right? So what part of it secretes a quiz. Let's go back to. Let's go back to Jordan. So it's the pars placata. So it's the non pigmented inner epithelium. Okay, good. So what's the rate that a quiz is formed. Let's go with, let's go with Brandon. So it's like two, two and a half microliters per minute. Okay, good. So knowing your anatomy of how big the anterior chamber is. So Brandon, how much. How many microliters makes up the anterior chamber. 250. Okay. So how long does it typically take for the anterior chamber to fill. If say we totally emptied the anterior chamber. Yeah, so you just multiply by a hundred. Cause it's 2.5 microliters per minute. So it'd take a hundred minutes to make 250 microliters. Okay, good. So it takes about roughly about one to two hours to basically fill the anterior chamber. If you completely dump it, right? So say you're doing a pair of synthesis. And, and, and basically for an acute angle, angle closure, any sort of glaucoma, you dump the anterior chamber completely and you drop it down to zero. Which by the way, a pressure of zero doesn't necessarily mean there's nothing in the anterior chamber. A pressure of zero means the, I mean, completely dumping the anterior chamber means the iris is flat up against cornea. So it'll take roughly about two hours to fill up, right? And, and typically that's what's happening when you're in, when you're on call, you dump the anterior chamber, you're waiting around an hour or two hours, it fills up again, right? Now there's some conditions where it can fill up a little faster. But that's when you're hoping that the drops would take effect. And slow things down. Okay, next, let's see. Lydia. This one's a little harder. Aqueous humor has more or less compared to blood plasma. Hydrogen. Well, why don't you go in order for any of these, any of these four? I think it had. I'm sorry. Yeah. I think it's. And you can reason, you can reason it out to you a little bit. Yeah. I think there was one that it had more and then the others that had less. But I forgot what it was. And I think it. Less, yeah. And then less of the others. Okay. So let's start with protein. So you think that it has less or more protein in the aqueous. So I think the aqueous since it's composed mostly mostly of water, I would say it's less protein. Okay. And bicarbonate. Less. I'm not sure. I'm not sure. No problem. Tony. Sorry. So. Where are we at right now? For which one? So we're asking if they're the aqueous humor has more or less compared to plasma. We have hydrogen. Can I do all of them or just one? All four. Okay. So there's more hydrogen. More store base. Less bicarb and less protein. Okay. Is he right? Let's go with a heaven. Marshall. I thought it was like more bicarb and less of everything else. Okay. So by the way, just so you guys know, this is the most annoying part of all the old caps and also the ones going on, I don't know. Teaching will come with. So don't feel bad if you, you know, don't get any of these because it's just, it's just facts. Right. It's actually more hydrogen and more a store of it. And less bicarb, less protein. And some of them makes sense.  That you can have like a, I mean, more of that in there. Things get more cloudy. So anyway, so those are just one of those things that's probably going to be one of those OCAP questions. So more hydrogen, more ascorbate, less bicarb, less protein. Okay, so we're going back to the ciliary processes. So what procedure do we use to, do we as glaucoma specialists use to kind of limit aqueous formation? Let's go with Tyler on that. So we can do cyclo-photo coagulation either endoscopically or inside the eye or outside the eye. Sure, and how does it work? So by burning multiple or one or multiple ciliary bodies, then you damage the non-pigmented epithelium, which produces that aqueous and therefore no longer produces aqueous. Okay, and let's see, Abby, you may not know the answer to this and this is not, this is just a certain dependent thing. But how many quadrants do we typically treat when we're doing cyclo-photo coagulation? I actually don't know, but I think two. Okay, so here with most of our providers here, we typically try to do about 180 at a time. So we typically do two quadrants worth. Oftentimes, I'll start with the inferior 180. And then if I'm doing it again, then I'll do another 180 and we'll do, we'll often do it nasally, we'll do inferior and superior aspect nasally the second time around. That's not true for every sort of provider, but we kind of like to do kind of a light sort of treatment initially. This is not an OCAPS thing, but here we tend to like to start with sort of a lighter diode than most places would. And the reason why is because I find that actually has a lot of effect while limiting quite a bit of the information. But other places will be a lot more aggressive about it depending on the situation. Let's see. Oh, okay. There's something else that can happen on the ciliary body. This might be a, this is a PGY4 question, but there's something else that can happen on the ciliary body that can actually make them not function at all. So there's a couple of things, but let's see. So let's go with Mike Murray. So one that I know of is that if you get bad uveitis in the eye super inflamed, the ciliary processes can kind of shut down. Okay. And do you know what's kind of happening in terms of, well, so there's a way, well, there's a distinct way that they can actually shut down. That's actually treatable. Do you know what that is? I guess the idea that I had is like treat the inflammation and they'll kind of, you know, start producing it, but I don't know exactly what you're going for. Okay. Marshall, do you know of a process that can occur on the ciliary bodies that can shut them down, but that's actually treatable? Yeah, the only thing I was thinking also was like inflammation, but we'll shut it down. I'm not thinking of anything else. Do you know what inflammation can be specifically to the ciliary bodies? This is kind of a top level question, so you may or may not know. No, I'm not thinking of anything. Okay, Kathy. No, I don't know. I was going to, I was going to joke in the beginning, SLTing the ciliary body, which I've done a bunch, but you know. Oh, by accident. Yes. Okay. All right. Would it be in that closes the junctions, so if you deatroponize that you could open them? So actually, so since you bring that up, Lydia, by the way, this is how oral boards works. He brings them up. They might ask you, but how does aggregate work in the ciliary body? It closes the tight junctions and therefore would reduce the outflow. Okay. So, and that's, that's a good answer. I think that the truth is we actually are not 100% sure exactly how that works, but that's, that's probably maybe very true. There's something, a process that can occur actually on the ciliary processes. And so actually what I was getting at is a cyclic membrane can actually form on the ciliary processes that can occur due to inflammation, independent of just ciliary body shut down. So that can actually cause the eye to become hypotenuse. And so that this is why you can actually ask Dr. Harry or do a B scan ultrasound to look for a cyclic membrane on the ciliary processes and it can actually be seen. And if they find it, then you can actually remove it and the ciliary processes might actually start working better. So that's just, that's what I was getting at. Hey, Austin, this is Tyler. I just got a question. I think of intraocular inflammation, for example, AC flare as leakage of protein due to more permeable blood vessels. So I've always wondered if there's intraocular inflammation inside the eye and we have leakage of protein and other substances from the blood vessels. Why does the pressure often go down? And is that because just the ciliary body shut down or I guess I just don't understand that mechanism? Why the pressure goes down with inflammation if you're having leakage of protein and other substances from the blood vessels due to the inflammation. So if you're having leakage of protein, so actually do any of the seniors want to take that one? The way that I've understood it is that the ciliary processes have to have a really active pump mechanism in order to actively get the fluid out. And so basically when they get inflamed, then those cells aren't processing metabolically as well. So smart. Yeah, that's a better answer than I actually would have said. Basically, I would have just said there's increase through the uveal square alfo. So okay, good. Okay. Next. Easy question. Tyler, what is this? The angle. Okay. And what was I going to say about it? Okay. So what's the angle composed of? And some of these are kind of on here, but kind of describe this picture a little bit. Like for instance, what is, what is this area here? Yeah, so that looks like, so I think, I guess thinking about it inside the out, you have the trabecular mesh work, which is divided into, I believe it's uveal scleral, corneal scleral, and juxtacanalicular followed next by Schlem's canal, and then fall load next by collector channels. Okay, good. And then why don't we have Brandon kind of tell us the pathway of where the fluid flows, or is Brandon on? You hear me? Yep. Okay, you're kind of, you're kind of breaking up, but I think I heard pathway where the fluid flows like starting from the auxiliary epithelium or just like outside what Tyler said? Just the outflow. So you go through the corneal scleral, uveal, juxtacanalicular, to Schlem's canal, and then to the collector channels, which I believe are like the aqueous strains. And then I forgot. Hello. Actual aqueous is flowing out of or two. He kind of broke up. So I'm going to move on. So Tony, after Schlem's canal, what where, and so he mentioned collector channels, and where else does the fluid pathway go after that? Yes. All right, so after Schlem's canal goes to collector channels, and to aqueous veins, then these scleral conge veins, and then you go back into the anterior sclerary superior ophthalmic veins, and then Catherine Sinus. Yeah, good.  What's classic to watch out for? So that's when the flow is, I think, backed up. And so the vein is dilated. The thing that you watch for, I forget, but I wonder if there's like hemorrhage in the, or kind of some kind of trauma in the triangular mesh work. Jordan, what does the superior ophthalmic vein go to drain to? Does that, I'm actually not entirely sure what the first range point is. Okay, Abby, where is the superior ophthalmic vein drain to? It's kind of a big structure. Well, in terms of the brain. Okay, that's okay. Marshall, what are you worried about? So drain to the cavernous sinus. So, Abby, you're worried about some kind of like, dural, cavernous fistula, maybe a cc fistula. Yeah, something like that. Thrombosis of some kind. Okay, good. So yes, superior ophthalmic vein drain to the cavernous sinus. Anytime you have, you can have increased episcleral venous pressure from a lot of different diseases, but you see, you hear the words dilated superior ophthalmic vein, you see that on imaging. That's a board's kind of thing. First thing you think about is cavernous sinus, some sort of cavernous sinus syndrome or blockage. And one thing that you should definitely think about is a cc fistula. And so if you get that on the boards, they'll show you that on boards, they'll show you a dilated superior ophthalmic vein and one of the top differentials of the cc fistula. So what happens to this pathway as with age, with time? What happens to the actual trabecular mesh work? Does it get more or does it get less resistant? And we should kind of hurry this up because this is getting really, want to get to the cases. So Jordan, does it get more or less resistant with age? You have a 50-50 chance. More. Okay. And what about, who is that, Kathy? No. Okay, I was a senior that answered that. And then what about aqueous production with age? Does that get more or less? Tony? Less. Okay. Yeah. So the TM gets more resistant with age and that's typically why glaucoma can get worse with age. But as you get really old, aqueous production actually tends to decrease with age. And so patients sometimes in their 80s or 90s all of a sudden their pressure will go down with time. Okay. What types of procedures do we do in this area? So the minimally invasive glaucoma procedures are all in this area, right? Like Marshall, give us a really quick overview of three or four types of things that we can do in the angle. So you can do like a trabecular bypass that would be like ice stents or hydras just to get you through the TM. You can also do like canal capacity where you dilate the glimpse canal as well as the collector channels and things distal to it. You could you could do like a trabecuilla me or agoniatomy where you remove the trabecular mesh work and part of the angle to also bypass trabecular mesh work or if you do like a filtering surgery, like that basically connects the AC to the subcontractival space. Or there's some with a super caroidal space also. That's correct. We don't currently have any super caroidal space that used to be side pass for all those who were familiar with that and that got removed from the market. And everyone knows yeah anyway you gave that lecture about that. But there are others that were working in that space but currently none that have come to market yet. And I don't know that they will actually. Okay and just so you know the canal is roughly about 200 to 300 microns in diameter. Okay classes of drugs. Tony what are the main classes of drugs to lower eye pressure? Yeah beta blockers, alpha agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. You have parasympathome and medics. Then I need help on some of the other ones here. Let me see. You got most of them. And then I think lastly there's like epinephrine. Okay Jordan do you know how these work typically? Um so like the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors decrease aqueous production. I think the. So let's go one by one. Here let's go one by one. So carbonic anhydrase inhibitors decrease aqueous suppression good. What do beta blockers do? I think beta blockers also inhibit a little bit of aqueous production right? Or is that all outflow? Okay so that's good. No that's correct. What do the alpha agonists do? Alpha agonists decrease or sorry increase out outflow. Okay and what about the prostaglandins? I'm actually not entirely sure how the prostaglandins are working. Okay Brandon? Prostaglandin increases uoscular outflow. Yeah so at prostaglandins increase uoscular outflow. It's not that the alpha agonists actually both decrease aqueous production and increase outflow as well. But the other two are predominantly aqueous suppressants. So how does pylocarpene work? Very simply Tony. Pylocarpene works by contracting the or basically pulling on the scleral spur and then opening the mesh work. Yeah so the one class that you forgot about that I didn't expect it's not I don't even know if it's in your OCAP or BCS book is the rokinus inhibitors. So let's see. I know Marshall knows the answer to this. Mike do you know how the rokinus inhibitors work for glaucoma? So those are ones that actually work on the TM correct? Yeah you know the little more details on kind of how they work in TM? We don't exactly know but I think that they relax the mesh work. They get more compliant. Yeah so that's pretty much it actin myosin right it basically relaxes the TM there. So okay good I don't know why I have somebody's on there again. That's also actually don't rokinus inhibitors also decrease EVP? Yes that is true that is also the thought of how they work is they were how direct effect on the trabecular mesh work and they can also work downstream as well which is why as a separate therapy it can actually work completely differently from any of the others when none of the others are working the rokinus inhibitors can all a sudden work because it's actually even more of a downstream effect and that's why you can actually get pressures below 10 with the rokinus inhibitors right is because EVP is thought to be roughly around 10 ish and so that's why it's very difficult to get below 10 with just the other drops but rokinus inhibitors almost work and in that sense almost like a trap because it can almost bypass that or at least works downstream. Yeah I was very convinced at the rep dinner so oh yeah that's right you went to that too. Did the reps talk about how well they're tolerated? Yes they talked a lot about that. Yeah a lot of lies. Anyway uh all right okay um what's going on here Jordan? Sorry I'm dealing with something over at the VA that's crashing and burning um so you have gonio um and then it looks like you're doing um a little bit of um is this like um trabeculate to me like kind of disrupting the trabecular mesh work a little bit? Yeah well we'll talk about what's going on well actually yeah we'll talk about what's going on there but um I don't I don't know if you've seen any of these so what's the difference between the view here on the top versus the view on the bottom? Oh it's like is it a direct view versus an indirect view? So this is a direct surgical view whereas the other ones are indirect um more of an indirect view right uh so um in terms of OCAPS they might ask you what type of lens that they use for the direct versus the indirect um oh Ali so I haven't called on Ali at all so Ali do you know the name this is a little harder but do you know the name of the types of lens that they might use for a direct versus an indirect? I think Kepi is direct uh huh like a Zeiss or like the Formir would be indirect yeah good job excellent and what principle is um does the indirect work uh does gonioscopy kind of work on what explain the sort of principle that's uh that allows us to see the angle where we can't normally see it? Oh no I think it has something to do with like internal reflectance or something that's past correct yeah so um uh let's see Lydia what's what's going on with internal well what's going on with what Ali said? Well I was I'm just wondering if it's uh just the mirror that we're having the view by looking kind of by having the mirror angle so we can see the structure but the big important thing with gonioscopy um with the contact is that we can see if if there is any senike or if there's any angle closure to see if this is oppositional or not by just pressing on the angle and seeing if it opens um aka is there senike or is it just apposition? Uh so that's all correct but um there's a principle that this is working on so Catherine what am I going up for here? The tear air interface at 46 degrees okay good job we're turtles sorry thanks Brandon I think okay yeah so we're overcoming total internal reflection right so that normally the light is being reflected inwards um at the tear film uh air-tier interface and that's why we can't see it when we're looking in but by putting on this um the um the lens directly contacted on on the eye um we're overcoming that and that's how you're able to see the angle um so overcoming total internal reflection that's that's key um okay I want to get to the cases getting super boring um so okay so uh we know what's going on oh well actually okay so this is really important um so what's the number I'm going for what diameter of the cornea is being flattened uh why don't we go with um let's go with Allie again there's a number that's like really important it's okay if you don't know three point three three point three six okay and is that correct Abby um yeah I think so I know I remember three I think it's three point zero six three point zero six good this three point zero six so three point zero six millimeters is the answer um for some reason you got to know that number um so that's the diameter of the cornea being flattened for uh affirmation tonometry and this based on the invert thick principle um where basically um the corneus flattened for a fixed diameter um and uh anyway so that's you got to know that for both boards and written boards and ocaps um okay let's just skip all this stuff for now this is really boring all right so um okay Jordan what is going on in this picture or what is this um I'm I'm actually not entirely sure okay no problem uh let's move on to um Tyler so it looks like pseudo exfoliated material that's deposited uh a little bit on the peoplery margin as well as the interior lens capsule I think this is uh there's like two different lines that you can have one starts with the z like a zent Meyers line or something like that um and the gene l2 I don't know I made that up okay um let's skip the gene for right now what to be associated what's what are the main things clinically to look out for with this syndrome okay so you can have uh zonular instability so definitely wanted to know if somebody has pseudo exfoliation syndrome prior to cataract surgery you can also have pseudo exfoliation or pseudo x glaucoma as well um and then this exfoliated material can deposit in other structures throughout the body so making sure that they have the ccp follow-up to screen for any of that like specifically the lungs and liver okay very good Catherine give me um some specific details as if you're teaching some of these residents about um what are some clinical uh pearls about dealing with the things that um Tyler's mentioning yeah so you mean like during surgery or yeah leaving that very general for you yeah like I know that um a couple times when we looked at like you and I when we looked at patients with pseudo exfoliation you can even kind of like definitely look how the lens is they can have some fake odenesis or rid odenesis just because of zonular weakness or dehiscence and then when you actually like pound your fist on the slit lamp while they're at there while they're there you can actually see some movement of the lens or instability um and then just being I guess um and then just being really careful during surgery with what their um what bag lens complex so usually putting in like CTRs and things like that okay what about glaucoma associated anything specific about that that's unique about Pseudo X um it can be really unilateral uh like very very strikingly asymmetric um and then also I think uh like SLT is a good option for these patients because the thought is that the pseudo exfoliative material is clogging up the drainage angle okay um Marshall any additional pearls right in regards to the glaucoma part of it oh and um makes this also a production sorry go ahead Marshall oh yeah uh no I think that's all good I was just gonna say um like captain said it can be like really asymmetrical and it can be quite dramatic so you often have closer follow-up for these patients because even when they have normal pressure they can kind of have a sudden spike which can cause a lot of progression quickly um they I think also with note as that um oftentimes the degree of pseudo exfoliative material either on Goniasky or on like other SLAMP exam is not necessarily associated with the uh the degree of glaucoma that they'll have um and also um related to SLT SLT has shown that it has shown to be potentially more effective in this and pigmentary glaucoma but it could be potentially more pro inflammatory so I think at least here they recommend just treating 180 degrees that most at a time um yeah okay perfect so yes so that hit most of the clinical pros I actually wanted to talk about is when it comes to pseudo x glaucoma um SLT can be very highly effective if there's actually a ranking of how effective they are with the different types of glaucoma and pseudo x and pds are at the top um and and poag being in the middle um but you have to be very careful when you do so because um and typically we kind of set it at lower settings especially with pds which is going to be my next which is going to be another thing but anyway um the other thing about pseudo x is that the reason why you want closer follow-up is because these patients can be fine for a while and then all of a sudden come with a pressure of 40 and so if a lot of these acute glaucoma patients that are coming in where their angles are open um look really closely because you may actually see pseudo x material on the lens or where else can you see it Marshall um like in the angle as a sample you see mine okay that or or where else um Mike can it build up on the zonules yeah but it's that's hard to see Catherine do you see it just like the pupillary rough like the like basically the pupillary margin yes so um so just a heads up for everybody here pseudo x is highly prevalent here and you are hearing this these parts um you don't have as many pigment to patients do it but you see a lot of pseudo x uh and and there's a lot of patients that don't actually have pseudo x on the capsule but if you look really closely at the pupillary margin you'll see little little bits of it and so um these patients patients can get really high pressure spikes it can be unilateral very high suspicion for that if you get an acute glaucoma um they also tend to have downstream effects too so it's not just at the angle so if you do angle surgery on these patients it may not be enough uh because they for whatever reason have some downstream um either in the collector channels or what have some effects uh and that's a clinical pearl um okay let's talk about surgery for it real quick and then we'll move on um so uh i want to go back to you Catherine so you so you talked about zonulary instability okay um so what part of the surgery um do you have to look out for this um starting from the beginning which is the part that really is i mean all of them are important but kind of like you're instructing a resident yeah i think the biggest telltale sign of that zonular instability is for us when we make the capsule rexis at the marine we don't use a cystotome we usually use we try to forceps close and then you kind of just use the tips to dip into the lens and then puncture the capsule um and if it's moving around a lot or if you're not just like puncturing right away and it's almost like the lens is bouncing or you just like your tips don't go in right away that can be the first clue of um zonular and capsular bag complex instability okay and um say you have some uh dehiscence um so uh tell us what types of things you can use um to help you when the bag's unstable yeah so the biggest thing is if you have uh i believe like less than six o'clock hours of zonular dehiscence um typically more like three you'll you can use a capsar tension ring so or CTR and you basically inject that into the bag most typically after the entire lens is removed and you're like and um and after you removed all cortex and you can put that into the bag you can also use like Ahmed rings uh segments which are um like fixation structures that you actually have to suture and fixate to the sclera um and then there's also um those are the oh and also sorry and then also with other structures you can also use capsar tension hooks which kind of look like iris hooks but they're a little bit more broad base and they have actually like two little curves so you can also use that also if you're worried about that while you're actually doing the surgery okay very good um Mike there is a certain number of clock hours that are um that are the minimum or I'm sorry maximum there's certain number of clock hours that are appropriate for each device uh can you run that down for us real quick yeah CTR I think is three and then Ahmed will be more like six one thing I was going to add is when you're rotating the lens if you know that there's a zonular instability you usually won't and you'll also do a lot more friendly maneuvers for nuclear disassembly meeting you won't do like a direct chop where you could be pushing posterior at all okay that's excellent um so just to add to all those things so um capsar tension ring typically you're looking at yes about two to three or less okay um if you're looking at four to six you're look talking about a segment and if you're looking at more than six clock hours you're talking about two segments one on each side um and uh capsar tension segments can be held various different ways but usually they are fasted to the sclera okay either by sutures or we do a couple of different techniques you don't have to mention that during the board session but they will ask you how many clock hours is appropriate for each device um in terms of rotation yes you try to avoid rotation as much as possible um the pre chopper is actually very good at limiting uh stress in the zonules though and we know that from the miaki apple view uh and and you'll see videos of that at different ask if you guys are up at the park say I don't know which one of you guys are it's totally fine I don't care but um I may or may not be there okay good I think that's that's I mean it's better to be there than when listening to this okay good um okay we're spending a lot of time on this but those are some clinical pearls um lock so one is the gene associated um so okay so Jordan what is this looking funny looking awesome sorry super fast can I ask you a question do you personally feel like it's worth it to save the bag with two omette segments or just like bag it and go to yamani since you're fixating two devices basically anyway I have uh changed my thoughts about that multiple times and currently I would say that I do not have a um straightforward answer for you it kind of just depends on the situation so um what he's talking about is whether or not it's worthwhile to put all the hardware in there because the bag can still dislocate and then you got to take out all the hardware and just fasten with um a scleral fixation technique like yamani and I have gone back and forth and I haven't decided yet you tell me what they say at park city okay um that's sorry thank you yeah Jordan uh sorry going back to you if you're still on no I guess you're not that's okay Jordan had to go to the VA okay Brandon what is this funny looking thing on the corner it's a curve convert spindle for pds okay um and what are some other things to look out for in pds yeah so you can have mid peripheral TIDs you can have a sample as these line angonio you can have chic or zen mires line um those are the main things I would think about okay what else would you be worried about so what would you be worried about besides this in terms of clinically like reduced pupillary block high iop um I'm not sure what you're looking for here yeah you know what was one other thing that's really important Lydia um I think patients can have lettuce degeneration and retinal detachments and yeah exactly very good very good so this tends to happen and so this is a board's thing because they're going to ask you what else do you have to worry about in high myopia um retinal detachments um so we already talked about slt um and how these patients especially I've had one where they get really high iop spikes if you go a little bit too high on the slt uh okay let's see tody what is this stuff on the cornea I'm just looking at it I'm thinking real quick I know it's not the best picture but uh realized for boards they will give you crappy pictures you know honestly I'm not too sure what that is okay um Ali do you know what this is can you see it yeah I don't I don't know what it's trying to show me okay Marshall do you know I think Marshall went to the OR okay this is like well are they mid-dialated or no okay chathen since this is coming up for you pretend that this is a board's picture oh god okay so we go systematically right yeah so this is a silt lamp photograph of it looks like both eyes yes it looks like both eyes and my attention is drawn to the um the anterior chamber it looks like there's some fibrinic substance in both in both uh in both eyes and it's difficult to tell from the photo but it looks like that the pupil is mid-dialated and there may be um either a bombay or some kind of anterior iris bowing of configuration of both irises irises okay so I'm just gonna tell you so this is in the corner oh crap okay is that ppmd uh no ppmd doesn't look like this ppmd has snail tracks yes but it doesn't look like this okay anyone else have an idea are those are they hop street uh nope not hop street good guess so that's not at all in the ac it's all in the corner it is all in the corner it doesn't maze so just describe it in terms of what it looks like right now so sometimes this happens just so you all know sometimes this happens on boards you don't know what the heck you're looking at okay and you may not even know what part of the eye it is so you can you saying fibrin and whatever that's totally fine if you think that's what it is but they and they may just let you go off on a track like that but um when it comes but but they may kind of direct you back on track to hey this is in the corner which it is one thing that I was wondering when when I looked at it but I think that makes me less suspicious for it is that it's bilateral um my first thought was that it looks like a pseudo-hypropion and I was thinking of ghost cell glaucoma form of itchers hemorrhage like weeks later but I guess that would not be in the corner so I think that's just my question if the pseudo-hypropion would look like this on what way it would look different yeah so that that would be in the anterior chamber you're right Lydia that's something that can happen and sometimes you can look like this but this is in the cornea so okay so this is a older patient and they're on certain medications and um this developed all of a sudden oh is this a verticillata yeah that's correct oh this verticillata okay um but sometimes if you don't know what it is just describe it and then you're not sure it I'll just describe exactly what it looks like hey this looks like brownish deposits on the if it's in the cornea you know it looks like brownish deposits that are in a world-like fashion whatever and sometimes when you describe me you all of a sudden figure out what it is so uh this is verticillata this is actually a patient that I had so um what can cause this uh Tony sorry I couldn't hear your question what can cause this if it's verticillata so can you guys buy amiodarone other medications but also other things like um give me two of these um multiple uh self-taste efficiency um ganglossidosis those are the classic ones reports that I know okay very good so um amiodarone for rezero is the top ones I think you can just call them corneal deposits um but uh there's also a medication that can cause this as well um topically and uh that would be real presa and this was actually a real presa induced patient that I have um so um are these visually significant abbey how we go these typically aren't noticed by patients okay so that's the board's answers typically they're not um in truth uh I 100 feel that if they get bad enough um it can actually decrease their vision this patient had great vision started on repress so these developed and all of a sudden she said my vision declined um so uh I stopped the repress and we'll see if she gets better but I have had a couple patients where I stopped it and the verticillata went away and it gets better um so answers stopped the offending agent uh okay um so Katherine give me a differential of three things that can cause this I know we're we're we're done so this last one uh yeah you can have um you can have trauma it could be like trauma during surgery or yeah any kind of traumatic urodiolysis you could have a central iris atrophy like as part of an eye syndrome um and you can also have uh congenital like mole congenital anodinitis doesn't quite look like this but you can have congenital iris anomalies okay good so um that's a good differential um Aksenville Riger uh any of the other any of the developmental abnormalities um and the main thing to know is that anytime you see an iris like this you pretty much got to be worried about glaucoma because you have to be worried about the angle just not being sufficiently developed um okay I have a bunch more but I know that we're at time so um anyway um sorry we didn't get to the cases earlier I know the anatomy stuff is really boring and we probably shouldn't have spent as much time on that um but uh good job everybody and hopefully you all learned a few things um in association with glaucoma whether or not it's for OCAPs or oral boards thank you thank you thank you ask could you send out your slides to us yeah sure the slides are not the greatest and they don't all have answers to them and stuff um a lot of it was just to kind of drive the questions and discussions okay yeah I think whatever you have I think that it'd be helpful and then when we record we recorded this if that's okay so that we can at least recap for people who missed it sure okay okay cool thanks everyone thank you


Welcome to this episode of Door Hardware Nerds. I'm your host, Mia Merrill. Today, I'm joined by Silvan Zayawu. Silvan, please introduce yourself and tell us about your role here. Hi Mia, thanks for having me in the show today. I'm Silvan Zayawu. I am the Senior Product Manager for Adam's Right. I've been with this business for the last four years and with Assa Abloy for the last 10 years. With Adam's Right, my role is to launch new products, generation planning, and that's primarily what I do. And it's an exciting job to do. Now, product management is right in the center of everything, isn't it? Yes, it is. All right, let's start off today. Can you tell us about what is unique about the Adam's Right brand? Adam's Right is a very unique brand from the perspective that we have products for nanostyle aluminum doors. We have five different focused product categories. We have dead locks. We have dead latches, crimps, exit devices, and electric strides, primarily focused on locking mechanisms. And our products do work with medium style and white-style doors, but our specialization is nanostyle aluminum doors. OK, so can you explain how installers are able to tell the difference between Adam's Right and other low-cost options that are available in the market? Yeah, Adam's Right is one of the most knocked off product in the industry. There are so many offshore brands that make or manufacture products that look very similar to Adam's Right. A lot of brands have copied or designed our door prep. So Adam's Right has a very unique door prep, which is called MS Door Prep. So most of our competition have copied that prep. So if an installer needs to take off Adam's Right product and use a knock off product, it will actually work in the same prep. But what happens is the quality of our build, so installation is much easier when it comes to installing a Adam's Right lock. Sometimes the dimensions are not accurate with a knock off brand, so they sometimes struggle to install that. Also, when it comes to Adam's Right, the reliability of the product, the life of the product. You can see Adam's Right locks and exit devices that have survived for over 50 years. So locksmiths and installers who have been using the brand for a long time really know the quality of the product. So it's super easy for them to differentiate. But for new locksmiths and installers, they are slowly learning how to differentiate. But the other reason is we have a wide range of products. There are certain applications where they cannot use a different brand. They have to use Adam's Right.  OK, so typically, like you said, I think Adam's Right is known for mechanical products. Is there an easy way for customers to upgrade them to a life-to-life locks? That's a great question. So Adam's Right is kind of a really old brand. We've been in this business for over 100 years and primarily focused on mechanical products. But for the last few years, we have this marketing campaign called Mechanical to Electrical. So in that campaign, what we did was we came up with products that can fit into existing door prep and upgrade the existing doors into electrified doors. So we have a wide range of products that can actually retrofit into existing doors. So we have electrified dead latches. We have electrified exit devices. We have electric strikes. And we have electrified paddles as well. So we have all these options that helps our customers to upgrade from a mechanical door into an electrified opening. OK, what is the most common application where you see installers asking for help with their product selection? Yeah, so one of the common things we see is, as I said, upgrading a mechanical door into electrified opening. So what typically happens is we have sold millions and millions of dead locks and dead latches for aluminum storefronts and aluminum doors in the last 40 to 50 years. And when an installer goes to a site and if he wants to upgrade that door into electrified opening, they do not know which is the right product to use in that applications, especially system integrators and other installers as well. So they keep asking us, will this dead latch fit into it? Or will this strike fit into it? So those kind of questions keep coming up. Because as you said, we've been primarily known for mechanical products. In the last few years, we have gone into electromechanical. So we are still trying to communicate to our customers on how they can upgrade and make them more aware of the solutions we have. The second thing we hear from our customers or installers is we have this preload problem. So there is a door because of preload. The door is not opening. The lock is not unlatching. So how do we figure that out? Like, how do we solve this problem? So that's one of the common question we come across from our installers as well. OK, so how do you solve that preload problem? So what is preload? So typically preload is a kind of force that's acting on the latch because of the weight of the door that's being transferred into the latch. And this can be because of various reasons. It can be because of misaligned door. It can be because of the door seals. It can be because of a HVAC system. It can be various reasons. So one of the best ways to counter this is to use the anus-rite preload electric strikes. So we have two different series of electric strikes, one for motor slots and cylindrical locks, the other one for exit devices. And those can take up to 25-pound preload. And that can really solve this problem. Great. All right, so can you let us in on some of the secrets? What does the future for mechanical to electrical strategy look like for Adams Wright? Yeah, that's a great question. So I already said that we've been trying to move our customers from mechanical to electrified products. And the strategy for us, the future strategy, which we have already started, is mechanical to electrical to wireless. So what we are having a product roadmap where we are going to have products that are wireless. So why do we need wireless products? So when we go from mechanical to electrical, the customer needs to hardwire the product, to power the product, as well as they need data communication, data communication. So the hardwiring is required. So it's kind of labor intensive when we talk about hardwiring all this locks, DPS switches, Rex switches. It's a lot of hardwiring that goes around the door. So that's the reason we thought the future is going to be wireless. So what is the benefit of using a wireless lock? So you don't need to hardwire the lock. So what we are doing is we are taking our locks, electrified locks, and making them work with a battery operated standalone reader that can be connected to a wireless hub and in turn into the access control system. So if you're familiar with the Aperio technology from SI Abloy, we are leveraging that technology to launch Aperio locks, wireless locks, that will help our customers to upgrade from a mechanical lock into a wireless lock very easily by just using a battery. So they don't need hardwiring and the communication is wireless. Great. And can you tell me what the next product launches for Adam's right? Yeah, so that's a great segue. So the next product we are going to launch is a dead latch 100, DL 100. That's an Aperio product.  So we took that dead latch and we upgraded that dead latch into a wireless dead latch. So what we did was we came up with a technology called eco latch.  So we upgraded the steel hawk into a motorized mechanism and we also added a wireless reader into that. So the battery powers both the reader and the lock and it's super easy to upgrade an existing dead lock or dead latch with the MS prep with this new product. And it talks to the wireless hub and in turn into the access control system. So wide range of compatibility and the reader is a feature rich reader, which is a multi-class reader plus it is NFC and mobile capable. So it's a fantastic product. And we will be launching this product by the first week of June. So it's really close and looking forward to it. Wow, I can't wait to see it. All right, any final thoughts you wanna share with us today? Sure, we did discuss about the preload issues our customers face and what products we have for preload problems. So one of the things I would like to highlight is the preload electric strikes for exit devices. So we have the 74R1 and the 74R2 electric strikes. These two are kind of the only preload exit device electric strikes which are grade one in the industry. So if a customer uses a exit device and if they have a preload problem with that they can definitely choose our electric strikes which is the 74R1 or 74R2 and that will give them an easy solution to the preload problem. That's something I would like to highlight. Great, that's wonderful. All right, well, for more information about any of the products you heard today please visit adamswrite.com. I will put a link below for that. If you have any questions or comments please leave them below as well. Make sure you like this video and subscribe to our channel to stay up to date when our new videos come out. Thanks for watching.


Okay. So the question is on the screen. Okay. Okay. So I can see 16 people have got it right. I can see your chat box. Okay. From next question, you can attempt. Okay. So let me discuss this question first of all. And so the question is 72. So in this question, if you look at this question, you have to add all the numbers. 72 plus 9 plus 28 plus 60. This gives me 169. And when you take square root of 169, it gives me the number over here. So this is equal to 13. Now, again, here, when you add it, 60 plus 21 is equal to 81. And this gives me root 81 is equal to nine. So what will we do in this question? So we have 48 plus 41. That is 89. 89 plus 23 is 112. 112 plus 32 is equal to 144. And when I take square root of 144, that gives me 12. So answer here is 12. The first answer is correct here. Okay. So now let me go to the question again and let me show you the leaderboard. I want you all to put your own names. I don't know. I don't want these names here. I please change your names. Put your actual name. Okay. No issues. You do it now. You do it now. No issues. I'm not showing you the second question. Rohit was the first question. Yes. Yeah.  Do as suggested, please. Please log out. Everyone logs out and reload. Reload with your name. We'll wait for two minutes. Come on, quick. All done. Take your time. Just quickly do it. Yes. Anyone wants more time? All done. Anyone wants, he will only write or she will write. Yeah. Yeah, you're done. Anyone wants one moment. Okay. Take your time. Quick. And while we are discussing Mac questions, I don't want anyone to discuss any irrelevant this thing here in the chat box. Please focus on the questions. We will today observe and evaluate who will how. So the data is going to be analyzed. If you are facing any technical glitch, just reload. Okay. If you're totally not able to sort it out, just watch the solutions. Okay. So no irrelevant discussions about whether and something going wrong and this and that. This is because of this reason you all are, you know, not scoring well. So hence my request to everyone do not distract the quiz. There are a few serious quiz takers. So let's help them and help yourself as well. Okay. Are you ready? Yes. Are you done? Yes, sir. Yes. Go ahead. Second question. Analyze it pretty quickly. There are 100 Mac questions in paper 180c. 100 and you'll be given only how much? Two hours to find. So you can calculate how much time for one question you are getting. And today I have given more question to you, more time to you because this is the first session and I don't want to rush you guys. So that's why more time has been given today. And the cutoff last year was around what? Cutoff was 139 marks last year. No, last year I think it was little more than 150. You are talking about last year. No, no, no, sir. This 2019 it was 139, 2018 it was 153. Oh, yes. Correct. Okay. Yes. So hence you have to score more than 70% in each of the papers. Yes. To be safe. Okay. So I've got how many responses? I've got nearly 66 responses. Now let me first discuss this question with you. And then I go to solve this is question number two. Now in this question, the idea behind this question is that number on the opposite sides have, I'm sorry, number on the opposite sides of the central box. So you look at the central box here.  You go here. So opposite side is this.  This is minus two and minus two. So what would be the number here? The number here should be exactly opposite to I mean the opposite numbers are same. So this one should be repeated here. And the answer here is one. So in this question, the reference point was central box and opposite to central box, I have similarity. So that's why looking at that similarity, I'm finding out this value one. Now let me show you the third question. Here's the leaderboard. Great. The third question is on the screen. It's a simple question if you look at it. So I expect a slightly better result this time. Looking at the result, how many of you just looked at the first box which was on the left-hand corner and gave me the answer? How many of you? Because the first box was, if you look at the first box, the first box was addition of three numbers. And if you could have added those three numbers, I think you could have got the answer. That was something like that. Yes, I'm saying that some was not the answer. So that is why this kind of question is given where you don't have to look at one box. If you analyze all the boxes, yes. So on the same thing, summing was not the answer here. It was given very purposefully because most of the students will look at one box. They'll find it that if you do the sum, you will get the answer. It was 7 plus 3 plus 4. It gives you 14 and 14 was written over there. And that's why that question was given because if you look at that particular question, if you look at that particular question, so if you add 7 plus 3 plus 10 here, so this question was given for that. If you add this and if you add this, so this gives me 14 and it is exactly wrong logic. And that's why. So if you look at this, go to the second box. You add 12 plus 2 plus 4. Is it 16? No, it is 18. So it means that summation is not the right logic. Then what is the right logic? Now, if you look at this particular question, summation as well as subtraction doesn't matter here. Now, the third thing which I do in this kind of question is to find out what I have is a multiplication. If I multiply all of this, so this gives me 7 into 3 is 21 into 484. If I multiply this, 18 into 6 is 108. Then I have 12 into 8 is 96. And then I have 20 into 9 is 180. Now, if you look at this particular number very carefully and try to analyze it, 84 divided by 6 is 14, 108 divided by 6 is 18, 96 divided by sorry, 84 divided by 6 is 14, 108 divided by 6 is 18, 96 divided by 6 is 16. So it's division by 6. It was visible here only 9 into 2 into 6. And then I have only 9 into 2. So it means division by 6 is there. So this answer would be 180 divided by 6 is 30. So answer would be equal to 30. Hence, second option would be correct. So that's the answer. Okay. Now, let me go to next question with the leader box coming out to be. Good. Okay. So all this question, this question is visible actually. If you look at the numbers pretty carefully, you don't need to touch your pen for this question. So this question I have got a very good response. This question was actually easy. Now, before I discuss this question, how many of you identified that? How many of you did some multiplication, some division in this question? I just want to know about the process. No, I know what's the right answer. I just want to know about the process. Those who have got it wrong, I'm not saying those who have got it right. Obviously, they have done some multiplication, some division. Those who have got it wrong, nearly 29 people. How many of you did some division, some multiplication or something like that? So if you have done that, then it's primarily this. If you look at this particular question, it's seven into eight is equal to 56 and five into four is equal to 20. And if you do 56 minus 20, you get 36. So it means that you have to multiply two numbers in the top and then you have to multiply two numbers in the bottom. And then you have to find the subtraction of both of them. Here also when I multiply nine into three, I get 27 and then I multiply five into two and that gives me 10 and 27 minus 10 gives me 17. Now what's the number out here? The number out here is eight into five that gives me 40 and the number out here is six into three. So that gives me 18 and 40 minus 18 is something like 22. So answer here is second option. Correct. So when you have 10, actually you are right. So when you have a series, guys, always start with summation, subtraction, multiplication, division. These are the two things. And then you shift to finding out square, square root, cube and cube root. This is the hierarchy. Some negative multiplication, division, square, square root, cube, cube root. And then you move ahead with that. So these eight processes need to be done. If you are not getting most of the questions, would be in this particular range, in this particular hierarchy of eight things. So you can find out answer quickly if you know this hierarchy of eight particular mathematical operations. So now, great. Next question is on your screen. Please solve it. So very simple question. Very, very simple. Okay. Let me check. I want this question like full answer.  Still I am getting how many? This was the simplest question possible, guys. If you look at the question carefully, if you look at the question carefully, how many sides are here? This is a heptagon. It means that seven sides. So seven cube is equal to how much 343.  So if you haven't solved this question, it means that I want to discuss this question because I got 13 answers incorrect. Now those who have got it incorrect. First of all, one primary problem that I can see is because you are not sure about the numbers. As soon as I look at the numbers, I'm writing your cube still 10 for those who still don't remember it. Please have this. As soon as you look at these numbers, you should identify that this is related to cubes. So as soon as I saw 343, 125, 27 and 64, it should be confirmed that the answer has to be one of the cubes. Now, even if you don't know this, if you look at the options, the question was as simple as if you look at the options because four of them are cube. The answer has to be a cube and out of 216, 316, 117 and 215. There is only one answer, which is a cube, which is 216. So obvious answer here was 216. So even if you don't realize that this is a heptagon hexagon and Pentagon and different identical figures with different sides, you could have looked at the option. Please have a habit of looking at the option before you give the answer. Sometimes looking at the options make you realize that the answer you are ticking is wrong. Those who have got it wrong, please write it down quickly. Please, please write it down. Once you write it down, write done. Return. Okay, so I'm going to next question because nobody is saying anything. Next question is very good. Okay, solve this very simple question. Okay, the answer is, okay, B is the right answer. Good. So this question was to realize, okay, before I solve this question, let me discuss it for those who have got it wrong nearly 28 people. So those who have got it wrong, this question was to realize that how come a four digit number is giving me a two digit number? A four digit number will give me a two digit number only in two, three cases. And what are those two, three cases? Those two, three cases are nothing but if you look at this question, those two, three cases are nothing but if you find out square root, so if you take square root of four, three, two, two, I know this number is more than 3600. So this will be greater than 60. Why I am doing this? Because I want to check whether it is square root of 48 or not. 50 square is 2500. Definitely, four, three, two, two would not be giving a, I mean, square root of this number will not be 48. It means that finding out square root is not efficient here. Now, let's discuss about cube root. We don't have to go beyond cube root. Nobody will give you beyond cube root. Beyond cube root is what? So I have 12, 13, if you look at 12 cube, 12 cube is 2744. And this number will not give cube also. So it means, sorry, cube root also. So it means that this number is neither cube root nor square root. So then how do you get this number? Then there is only one possibility which is multiplication or division. So multiply these numbers because division also is not possible. So if I multiply these numbers four into three into two into two, that gives me 48, then four into one into seven into two, that gives me 56. And if I multiply seven into six into one into five, what number this will give me? This will give me 210. So answer is what? 210. So if you get from four digit number, the obvious logic is from four digit number, if you get a two digit number or a three digit number for that matter, it can only be square root, cube root or multiplication or division. In this case, division also was not possible. So the only thing possible was multiplication. So if you remember my hierarchy, the eight things, summation, subtraction, multiplication, division, square, square root, cube, cube root. This is an eight process hierarchy that we see in missing numbers or missing characters. So if you remember this, then probably you'll be able to solve it much quickly and you'll get accurate result. Okay. Now let me go to next question. How 14 cube is 274, 12 cube is 1728. Okay. Great. So why, why this, this question was pretty easy. Why only 10 people have got it right? This is, this is perplexing for me. I mean, this question was not that difficult, I think. And you could have done it. Now this question, if you have this seven plus nine is equal to 16 and plus four is equal to six, 16 minus six is equal to 10. Similarly, you do here nine plus three is equal to 12 and four plus six is equal to 10. So 12 minus 10 is equal to two. Answer one is correct. How do you, if you, if you do seven into four. Okay. Okay. I understood this logic. I'm coming to that seven into four minus nine into two also gives you 10. So if you do nine into six minus three into four, this gives you 54 minus 12 that is equal to 44. Now is there any option called 44? So if option is not there, then it only means that you have to find out some other logic. So that will probably, that would have probably given you who did that multiplication, R N single. So if, if, because 42 was not an answer. So even if you have right logic, if option is not there, there is no point discussing it. It means that if, if, if you, if you are getting a right logic, but option is not there, you have to search for a different logic all together. So while putting values, let me tell you about actual NTSC examination. While putting values, you will find two to three questions every year where it will be written two questions, where it will be written more than one, one answer correct. Why that happens? Because when as an examiner you are putting the values, you forget that this is also the option. You just identify a logic, you put few numbers and those numbers are true for different logic also. So you have to look at various options. If you look at the option 44, 40, 42 is not there. So now 54 minus 12, 42 is not there. 42 is not there. It means that different logic has to be applied. So if, if you got 42 and if option was not there, better thing was that, okay, in NTSC anyway, no negative marking is there. So it's, it can be understood that you can take any answer. But if option is not matching, please search for any other logic. Solve this question. This question is difficult. Great, Anike. Okay, great. A lot of people, I mean, it's better than my expectation. Yes, very good. Very good, very good. So if you look at this question, this question was something like this, 131, 3 and then you have. So what happens here is, you have to think that if you look at these numbers, 31 is a multiple of two, then 127 is somewhere near multiple of two. Seven is somewhere near multiple of two. It means that and if you look at these numbers carefully, so 15 is near multiple of two. And it is one less than multiple of two. Now this number, if, if, if you find it here, there is only one number, which is one less than multiple of two, which is, which is 63, one less than multiple of two. So alternate numbers are one less than multiple of two. So 31, 127, 15. If you look at this, this is two to the power five minus one. This is two to the power seven minus one. This is two to the power four minus one. I have to search for a number. Alternate numbers, if I look at here. So if I search for a number, this number has to be 63 because this comes out to be two to the power six minus one. So that gives me 63. So this was the logic here. So that's how you can, you can also say that try to understand that all the numbers are odd numbers. And somewhere near to the multiple of two, there is only one odd number 63 that all logic will also work out here. So this is how this question was to be done. I'm happy that more than half the number of people have got it right. Very good. One second. Just give me a moment. Solve this question. So very, very good question. In line, whatever number of questions we can solve. Let me check how many of you find it correct. Very less number of people. It was a good question actually. Okay. So let me discuss this question. And to discuss this question, what I, there is this logic was, this logic was difficult to find out. I understand that. If you look at each side, there are four numbers on each side. This is a Pentagon with four numbers on each side. Now this gives me 17 plus four plus 18 plus 11. How much it gives me? It gives me 21 plus 18, 39 plus 11, 50. If you look at these numbers, 23 plus 16, 39 plus 11, 50. Then I have 18 plus 6 plus 23 plus 3, which gives me 50. Give me a moment, which gives me 50. And so this is 50. This is 50, 31 plus 2, 33 plus 17, 50. And this is 18 plus 10, 28 plus 12, 14. So this gives me 40 plus 10 is equal to 50. So it means that on each side, addition of all the numbers is equal to 50. And that's why the answer is equal to 10 out here. So question was a bit difficult, but 10 people got it right. That's fine. Okay. Next question. What do you mean by that, Siji, but I can't answer. This question is very easy, very, very easy. In this question also, I've got how many 17 people getting it wrong? Okay, I'll do a two-hour class on this. Then only I think it would be possible to get these things right. Okay. Again, I'll take a class. I've done a few questions like this. 17 minus 15 is two and five minus three is two. 18 minus 12 is six. This side is not matching, but still I'll go because this side is matching both the places. So I will have answers. And then there is an option also. So 35 minus 30 is equal to five. So answer here is equal to the second correct answer. I mean second option. So five. So 18 minus 12, 17 minus 15. The vertical answers, vertical numbers are not matching, but the horizontal numbers are matching on left and right. So because there is a matching answer, which matches with my logic, so I am going with this answer, which is option two. So this question, only you have to have to compare two numbers on the left and right, and the vertical numbers have to be ignored. Okay, let me move to another number. Another question. Good quality question. Good question. Bit of logic and this question can be done. Okay, let me check. How many of you have done it right? Okay, great. So correct answer is option two, which is 20. And this particular question also was not that difficult. If you look at these numbers on the peripherals, they all these numbers are in multiple of one less than multiple of five. So four is five into one minus one, five into one minus one is four, five into two minus one is nine, five into three minus one is equal to 14, and five into four minus one is equal to 19. Also here, if you look at here, a nine into one minus one is eight, then nine into two minus one is 17, nine into three minus one is 26, and nine into four minus one is equal to 35. So I have seven into one minus one is six, then I have seven into two minus one is equal to 13. And I will have next number seven into three minus one, that will give me 20. This I did to explain you. If I could have attempted this question, I could have looked at the number at peripherals, and I could have found that one less than the multiples. And which multiple? First four multiples, one, two, three, four. So here, the third multiple is missing because it is the order is anticlockwise, one, sorry, clockwise, one, two, three, four. So I go in the clockwise direction, one, two, three, and three is seven into three minus one, 20. So that could have been my answer. So that's how you will solve it. Okay. So that's an option, easy one. Sorry? So that's another easier method. What is that? So the number to the right minus the number on top is the number inside. Obviously, try to understand because they are multiple, multiple, since difference between the multiples, two multiples or two consecutive multiples would be same. So difference here would be five, difference here would be five, difference here would be five, and difference here, no, sorry, I mean, this is not alternate. So I have to look at, sorry, consecutive only. So if you look at consecutive multiples, the difference would be five because it is a multiple of five. So the same thing I'm saying in some other way. Sir, also the top number divided, mine like subtracted by the bottom number divided by two. It's the same thing, actually. It's the result of the same thing because they are multiple of same numbers, multiple of these numbers. So and there is certain relationship between them. So that has to be true because top and bottom, bottom numbers are third multiple. So because they are third multiple, so you will have 16 into what are you saying? If this is 14 divided by four. So you are saying divide it and no, no, sir, 14 minus four divided by two. Okay. Similarly, I mean, same thing, 20 minus six divided by seven divided by two. Why this is coming? This is coming because you are comparing first and the third multiple. So that's why this relation is coming. Your, your logics are right. I'm just saying that because they are multiples of five, seven and nine. So that's why these, these logics are turning out to be correct. So I'm absolutely fine with that. No issues if you have done with that particular logic. Okay, great. Who is this guest? Can you tell me your name, please? Okay. After this question, simple question. There are so many Aditya's. Let me check how many of you remember what we have done in classes. Okay. Second one is the right answer. Absolutely correct. This was actually later coding. So if you remember the alphabets A from, yes, some of the letters A to Z we did, we did from A to Z. A was one, B was two, C was three, D was four and likewise. So F is six and P is equal to 16. So if you add it, you get 22. G is seven and N is 14. If you add, you get 21. Similarly, E is, J is 10. E is five. So you get 15. Now what is K? So I, JK, K is 11. So 27 is there. So 27 minus 11 is equal to how much? 16. So I know that P is 16. Answer has to be P. So it was basically alphabet coding. And if you remember how to mark alphabets, this question could have been done pretty easily. Okay. So now let me go to the next question. Let me look at the leaderboard now because we are coming to the end of the session. Perhaps this is the last question. Okay, solve this. Remember the hierarchy. If you remember the hierarchy, you will find this. Okay. I am surprised to know that even if I'm saying time and again that you remember the hierarchy, I'm not getting full, I mean all of you getting it right. Okay, no issues. If you add three numbers, seven, 10, 18, 23, not giving me 84. The basic hint is here, 11 into 11 is 121. Then what is this five and two doing? So this particular question is 11 into 11. And give me a moment. 11 into 11. And if you multiply five and two, this gives me 10 and divide it by 10. So I get 121. I will check this logic here. So I do 8 into 5 into 7 into 3 divided by 10. So this gives me 2. This gives me 4. I get 4 into 3, 12 into 7, 84. So my logic looks like to be correct. The same thing I will do here. 6 into 5 into 7 into 2 and divided by 10. So this and this one, 6 into 7 is equal to 42. Answer is 42 here. So this particular question was a hint here because 11 into 11 is 121. So what are these two numbers five and two doing? And because I am doing the multiplication, you can't add, you can't subtract. So you multiply and divide if you have to get the same number. So this question was good. Okay, we will solve one more question and then we will leave. So at least one more question. So let me now go to the leaderboard quickly. Okay, great. Next question. Last question. Remember the hierarchy. Should I finish the quiz? Okay, fine. I will continue. Okay, I'll finish the quiz. Yeah, I'll do. Okay, so 24 people have given me right answer. Very good. Let me be a bit quicker now. Okay, what is the hierarchy? Hierarchy, the first thing is summation. Which number should I add? Triangles are there, squares are there and circles are there. Add numbers in the triangle, 18 plus 4, 22 plus 11, 33. Add numbers in the circle because it is full 16 plus 5, 21 plus 12, 33. I got the logic 19 plus 8, 27, 27 plus 6 is 33. So answer here is 6. This was the logic in the question. So if that's why in the beginning of the question, only I said that follow the logic. Follow the hierarchy. Okay, quickly let me show you the leaderboard and let me go to different question. I am saying that there were three different kinds of figures triangle. There was circle, there was a square. Add all the numbers in the triangle, you get 33. Add all the numbers in the circle, you get 33. So addition of all the numbers in the square should be 33. Two numbers were 19 and 8. So that gives 27. So 6 was left out in the last one. Okay, solve this. Okay, it's already 9. So those who have something to do, feeling hungry, if you want to leave, you can leave. That's not a problem. You can solve quiz later. And those who want to do the quiz can be logged in and on solving it. I'll try to finish it in next 10, 15 minutes. So okay, very good. Fine. So good. This question, 37 people have got it right. Okay, so now let me show you the answer. Question number 15. Now, very simple question. 56 plus 15 gives me how much? 71. And 22 plus 8 gives me 30. 71 minus 30 is 41. Similarly, 55 minus 16 here is 39. So I have 34 plus 1145 minus 20. That will give me 25. Option 2 is correct. Add this, add this and then subtract. This was the logic. Okay, now let me go to next question. Easy question. Looking at it only, I found out the answer. Easiest question possible. Okay, in this question, there were three numbers. So 594, 198 and 66. If you have those three numbers, 594 divided by three is 198. 198 divided by three is 66. And 66 divided by three is 22. So 22 would be correct answer. You have to start from 594 and keep on dividing it. So that's how the question was. So I'm not solving it. It was a very easy question. I'm directly going to next question. Solve this. Remember the hierarchy. Okay, what's the answer? So fine. Let me show you the solution of this question. So if you look at this question, division by three, you look at this question four into two minus one. Very simple question. Four into two minus one is equal to seven. And this seven into two plus one is equal to 15. Now this 15 into two minus one is equal to 29 and 29 into two minus one. So you go in clockwise direction starting from here into plus one is equal to 59. Then 59 into two minus one is equal to I have 170 and this 170 into two plus one is equal to 235. So I have to do 235 into two minus one. And this gives me 469 as answer. Answer here is 469 fourth answer. Okay, so that's the answer here. Let me go to another question. Good. Next question is pretty similar question. Okay, if you look at here in this question, we have to multiply the central number to each number and add one. So if you get three into five plus one is 16, then 16 into five plus one is 81, then 81 into five plus one is 406. Then 406 into five plus one I have to find. So this will be 406 into five plus one that gives me 2031. So that was the logic out here. So that's why in the beginning only I said it is almost equivalent of as the previous question. Okay, so on this very simple question. Aditya Kalajya, you focus on solving question. So then let others solve the question. Okay, simple question as far as my this thing is concerned. Yes, pretty simple question. So if you look at this question, each row A, B, C is coming once. A, B, C, A, B. So here C would be there. So all answers are C. And in each column, multiplication of two numbers is equal to multiplication of a number in the middle row. So three into nine is 27, four into two should be eight and 16 into four is equal to 64. So four into two is how much eight. So eight C is the answer. Hence first option is the answer here. Okay, hello, hello. Rohit, this is Ankur. Guys, so the next two questions will be the like filling up questions which we had at last. What I have done today is I have shuffled before like breaking the climax that okay, who is the winner. There are two questions which are sort of a feedback. So please face them. Rohit, please next slide. Easy, moderate or difficult quickly. Okay, like you can move forward. Next question will come. Okay, the question is on the board. Great. This question was a bit difficult. So I can understand this kind of response. Now this is the question. Now question here is the logic here is five into one second. Not five into five plus three is equal to eight. So one number from the side and one number from the center. So five plus three is eight. Now if I have to go here, then one number from the side and one number from the center. So eight plus four is 12. And then one number from the side and one number from the center. So 12 plus one is equal to 13. So answer here is eight plus four 12. So third option is correct. Few questions would be like this, Aniket. So not all the questions would be that simple. If you could have looked at this year's NTSC, that is of no use, Aryan. If you could have looked at this year NTSC. Okay. So perhaps that's the end of the questions that we have. So thank you so much for joining. Very good, Laksh. Aryan, Pranav, Siddharth, Aditya, Sneha, Aniket, Shalini, Shobhita, Krithi. So very good. And thank you so much for joining all of you. I hope you enjoyed the quiz and see you all sometimes next week. So thank you so much. Thank you guys. Bye. Very good, Laksh.


When you start to get in that situation where you are having the losses, you're in a drawdown and somebody else is making money from a human nature standpoint, it's natural to want to start doing what they're doing, right? It goes back to changing your trade plan, changing your trading style, changing your methodology and in my mind, learning different strategies and learning different methodologies is not a bad thing, but it's now the right time to do it, you know, the better time to do it is when you're winning and if you want to add another arrow to your quiver, doing it after you get into a drawdown may not be the best timing.


Hello, my name is Boris Kildburg, I'm a pianist and this is a tutorial on Schumann's Papillon Opus II. The first name of the piece was not Papillon, but Walsers and Poloneses, and indeed we have quite a few Walsers and Poloneses. Here we start with a really floating waltz. So I would strive here for a very light, transparent sound. He writes dolce and piano, so what we want is a world of imagination, fantasy and magic. So a much lighter hand. Second, I would not obsess too much about playing every octave indeed legato in the fingers. It can be a kind of sliding of the hand on the keys. The more you can play legato the better, but don't try to do convoluted fingerings just to make sure that everything is indeed legato. We have the pedal to help us, the continuity of the sound in our ears to guide us, because the first bar can be on one pedal.


It is March 1981 and construction workers are preparing to pour the concrete full of the roof of the new apartment block. Most of the concrete framework has already been completed during the pour, however the newly built structure would fail catastrophically, killing 11 and injuring over 20 more. Today's video we're back in Florida to what seems to be a state tradition, the collapse of a concrete structure. My name is John, welcome to Plainly Difficult and this is my video on the Harbour Key Condominium Collapse. Background Our story starts in the land of the Florida man, officially known as the US state of Florida, but today more specifically, Cocoa Beach, a small coastal town which is around here on a map. The area's economy was closely linked to NASA's operation from the nearby Kennedy Space Center, in which many locals were employed either directly or via third party companies. As such, when the Apollo program was shelved in 1975, the local economy crashed. Unemployment went to 14%, but the local jobs market would improve after the announcement of the Space Shuttle program just a few years later. This would bring new people to Cocoa Beach and as such new housing was needed. Cocoa Beach was undergoing a bit of a building boom in the 1980s with new condos being built along State Road A1A. Part of this demand would be plugged with plans to build a new five-storey concrete framed set of apartment blocks. The developer was to be Milwaukee based town Realty. They had built other buildings in the area and to help they contracted out a local firm for construction work called Univel Inc. The Cocoa Beach apartment blocks were planned to be made up of five storeys and were to be 242 feet long and 58 feet wide. The structure would rely on reinforced concrete and framed with multiple columns of 10 x 18 inches wide with narrow ones of 10 x 12 inches at the ends of the building. The floor slabs were to be 8 inches thick although slightly thinner for the balcony sections. However I should point out that state regulations were actually a requirement of 11 inches. Both the slabs and the columns were reinforced with ATSM 60 grade steel. To hold the steels in place during concrete pouring things called chairs were used. These ensured that the vital reinforcement is at the correct depth. You see if it's not in the right place the concrete section can bend as the load is spread unevenly. The facade walls of the building were made of non-structural masonry. Construction works began in 1980 with preparation of the site and building the blocks foundations. The structure itself would begin to be built in February 1981 when the ground floor form work was begun. The schedule for frame construction was to add around a floor a week and this would involve starting at the south half of each particular floor slab cast on a Tuesday. Replacement of steel bars in the north half of the slab and casting of the columns over the south half were carried out the next day. On Thursday the columns in the south half were stripped and then the north half of the slab was cast and the forms below the south half of the slab were lowered. On Friday the forms in the south half were replaced by reshalls and flown to the same location in the story directly above and the columns over the north half were cast. The following Monday the columns in the north half were stripped, the steel bars in the south half of the slab above were placed and the flying forms below the north half were lowered. Now all of that was pretty much a bit of a mouthful. But although quick, soon enough after the first floors were added workers started to notice some worrying indicators of a disaster ahead. Several workers raised concerns that cracks had started to show on some of the concrete work. After each level's flying form was removed cracks could be seen on the slab at the mid span and where the columns met the floor. A foreman circled the cracks with a crayon and called out the structural engineer on the 10th of March 1981. By now the second and third floors were in place. The suggestion from the engineer was to place more reinforcing bars in the mid spans. Joints between the columns and the floor slabs were described by some workers as having a honeycomb or spider's web cracked face. Slabs around the north and south end second floor apartments had deflected almost immediately after their forms were removed. Deflection is a type of bending or sagging of a concrete slab. A worrying little quirk was found during the construction on the fourth floor. Workers discovered on the east side near the lift tower a puddle of water. Well what does a puddle of water have to do with anything you might ask? Well this was hinting at the building becoming uneven. The depression was refinished with a concrete skim but bizarrely the water began to reappear. Multiple issues were highlighted by workers on almost every part of the construction. Parts of the structure had its rebar exposed after form removal which needed to say exposes the structure to corrosion and this was due to poorly poured concrete. Concrete quality was also very poor with a low water content meaning it dried out too quickly for it to be properly finished. The project received its concrete from two sources. The first was from a ready-made supplier. This accounted for roughly one third of the total requirement. The other was from an onsite batch plant. Although issues were raised construction continued all the way to the top floor. This was because nothing had failed so far. Well, until it would. The disaster. The time had come to start pouring the Koka Beach Condominium's roof. Workers began their shift on the 27th of March 1981 and I'm sure no one expected how the day would end up. The building at this point had in the south end the exterior walls for the first two stories. And in the north end construction of masonry walls was completed in the first three stories. Each floor had some level of activity on it with various stages of the project being undertaken. On the roof the concrete was being placed around column H. As the poor had continued throughout the day some workers noticed some trembling throughout the building. At roughly 2.45pm a work on the fifth floor heard a popping sound. At roughly 3pm around the centre of the building at the fifth floor suddenly gave way to what would be described as one long slide with one thump. Within seconds the entire structure plummeted into the ground with massive piles of concrete and rebar. Anyone nearby who could swamp to where the building was to try and find and save any workers. These people were just a few minutes before having a normal day at work. Due to the area undergoing a building boom many workers on other projects helped with the rescue work. Some even turned up with heavy equipment. Emergency responders and air force members reached the site and helped with the rescue efforts. Floor slabs were cut away into approximately 20ft square pieces by air hammers and removed by mobile cranes. The work continued over the weekend as heavy equipment removed the concrete and other debris. It would only be Sunday that workers got down to the foundation where the final two bodies were removed. In total 11 were killed in the collapse with 27 more injured. Now as with all of these types of incidents the question of how and why must be asked and this would lead to an investigation. The investigation. The National Bureau of Standards would head up the investigation into the collapse. Investigators would visit the site on March 28th and 30th 1981 just one day after the collapse. Followed up by a second visit that was made on the 7th to 8th of April. Investigators found that the slabs broke away from the columns at the slab column interface. As well as a number of vertical reinforcements bent severely. Hinting it would mean damage during fabrication. A number of conflicting eyewitness statements from the workers on site raised questions about how the building was being reshored. You see, reassuring is a vital part of concrete building construction. After the forms are removed, when the newly poured concrete is set enough, reshores are added to support the structure as the concrete hardens. This is because even though it looks solid, concrete gets fully set over a period of time in which it needs extra support. This is where the reshores are vital as if they are removed too early then the concrete hasn't gotten strong enough to support itself and more importantly the weight put on top of it. This issue can be even more dramatic if the concrete is of poor quality. The investigation would not just involve on-site visits but also forensic examination of the whole project from design to concrete mix. They found the concrete was of poor quality especially around the samples taken from the 5th floor which was discovered to be less than 85% of the required 4000 psi of compressive strength. After all that was said and done, the investigators released its report and it was really damming of the whole project. They found that the placements of the reinforcing bars in the concrete slabs were inconsistently placed which violated the ACI code requirement for clear spacing. This inconsistency created a congestion that prevented flow of concrete into the space between the reinforcement bars which in turn caused issues with the bonding of the concrete to the rebar. The concrete slabs were only 8 inches thick instead of the required 11 inches to satisfy the American Concrete Institute's building code minimum. During construction lower individual chairs for supporting the top layer reinforcement bars were used reducing the effective shear capabilities of the slabs. This caused the structural integrity of the building to be severely reduced and the addition of extra weight during the pour of the roof was the straw that broke the weakened concrete camels back. The damming report helped with charging two engineers, an architect and the two contractors with negligence, misconduct and failing to conform to state and local building laws. Both engineers gave up their license to practice engineering in the state of Florida. Unival, one of the contractors, folded almost immediately under the financial strain and the developer contractor, Town Realty out of Milwaukee, agreed to a settlement out of court to avoid litigation. They have continued to develop properties to this day, even including several more in Cocoa Beach. The disaster helped the state show up its enforcement of construction projects, but it wouldn't fix it completely. As well we know from a number of recent collapses that nothing is foolproof. Strangely enough, one of which also involved a construction project that all started in the 1980s and this came to light very recently and was called Champlain Towers. Now a number of you have noticed that I haven't been doing disaster scales at the end of my videos anymore. Well this is because the ratings were getting a little bit erratic. So I'm launching a new scale called the Balls Rating and it will have five set ratings. The first is not great. After all, the story has found its way onto the Plain Difficult channel. The second is bad day at the office. Next is Oh Balls, people will remember this. Fourth is outright negligent. And the fifth and final rating is dumpster fire. This week's video will be rated outright negligent. This is the Plain Difficult production. All videos are produced by me, John, in the currently wet and windy corner of South East London, UK. All videos on the channel are creative commons attribution share alike licensed. I'd like to thank my patrons and YouTube members for your financial support as well as the rest of you viewers for tuning in every week. I have a second channel, which is mainly for my music, so feel free if you want to check that out. It's called Made by John and I also have Instagram and Twitter where I post up random photos. And all that's left to say is Mr Music, play us out please.


One of the most common questions I get I've gotten asked over the years is how George How do I build my email list now? You may have thought of that question too You want to grow an email list because you've heard from other marketers that that's the thing that you're supposed to do Right because your email list supposedly is the one most important asset in your business It's the most reliable way to stay in touch with your audience etc. Etc. Well, I'm here to break that myth and Share with you what my experience has been and not just my own but having coached hundreds of business owners and taught thousands of people over the years You cannot control your email list Now you might be shocked to say well, I thought I can control my emails. I can't control the Instagram algorithm I can't control the the Facebook or YouTube algorithms. I can control my email list, right? No, not really because How do you know what the average email open rate is? It's under 25% and actually most people most marketers are hoping for between 10 to 15% Meaning if you have an email list of a hundred people you might expect 10 to 15 10 to 25 at the at the upper limit to open your emails and That number will fluctuate over the years over over even several weeks or months So you can't control how many people open your emails and even if they open your emails You can't control whether they read your emails, right? And even if they read your emails, you can't control whether they care about your message So none of us really want an email list. What we really want is an engaged Audience that's what you really want. You want people who are right for your services who care about your message That's really what you want. And so let me tell you how to do that If you focus on building an email list, you're gonna use inauthentic marketing methods to try to get the numbers up And you'll have people who don't care So instead switch your mindset from building an email is building the numbers to building an audience of people who care So there's the there's there's only let me tell you what you can control if you can't control your email list You can't control the Facebook algorithms or whatever algorithms. You can control Whether you are posting content consistently Whether you are being authentic in your intentions and sharing content. I'm trying to help here. I'm trying to inspire People can sense that okay consistency authenticity and Relevance you can control as you look back at the data of your content You can notice oh here are the pieces that they found most helpful that they found most inspiring so maybe there you can Share you can concentrate your activities on On those things that they found most inspiring so you can control your consistency of content your authenticity of content and The how can how relevant your content is? That's what you can control and if you can control if you control those things if you keep improving Those things then you build an engaged audience Wherever they are so that's the other point I want to make is Instead of forcing people to join your email list to get your best free content Do what I do I give my best free content wherever you are Some of you are watching this on Instagram Some of you are watching this on YouTube some of you're watching this on on Facebook Okay, because I put these in all these different places. I show up where you are Consistently so that I can keep on connecting with you and and sharing with you a message that's hopefully inspiring and helpful and that's how I am Grateful to be able to have the privilege of your attention and if I have the privilege of your ongoing attention That's when I can tell you about my services and my products occasionally so that you know You can consider whether that's right for you But if I don't even have your attention I can't even share with you my product and service etc, right? So you can control your consistency your authenticity your relevance and you can control whether you're meeting people Where they are rather than forcing them to join now the thing is I do have an email newsletter But I think of my email newsletter as a service of convenience to you You might find one day come to my website and say oh I can also get email reminders of Georgia's best content great I'll do that. I prefer that but but it's only for people who and you know to who want that You're right to want that reminder, but for everybody else who doesn't draw me emails. I meet them where they're at Right. I give my best free content that way so I hope this is helpful and helps you to kind of shift your mindset on this stuff and Hopefully helps you to build a more engaged audience. That's ready for your services and your products. I wish you well