Welcome to NPTEL course on groundwater hydrology management. This is week six, lecture three. In this week, we are looking at the important definitions for recharge and discharge, how groundwater enters the aquifer and groundwater storage through recharge and how to estimate them. In the previous classes, we looked at certain concepts for groundwater recharge, what are the key methods, physical, numerical, tracer methods, etc. Now, we will get into some of the actual methods that are used by the government of Indian agencies, especially the GEC, Groundwater Estimation Committee and the Central Groundwater Board. These are very important to understand because these equations and methods are used throughout India as a baseline. So, it is important to understand these to make sure what these recharges are made under assumptions and how to tablet them. Let's move on. So, the first method is the groundwater recharge estimation method using the groundwater balance method. I won't dwell much on this slide because we have introduced the groundwater balance a lot in this lecture. The water balance method or groundwater balance method is the same but in groundwater balance method, it is a more focused on the groundwater. It can be also called as a water budgeting method. So, these terms can be interchanged. The first equation as you saw was an overall general equation for the basin or watershed and del S is a change in storage, which is nothing but your precipitation, your Q in, your surface runoff ins and then surface runoff out is subtracted from the total, your ET is subtracted from the total and your groundwater in minus groundwater out. So, the net is your del S change in storage. The storage can be multiple storages. One is your tree plant interception storage, one is your surface water storage, one is your soil storage and then your groundwater storage. So, it depends on where you use this equation and this equation can be used for overall hydrology and also getting groundwater recharge. The next one is your specific water balance method for groundwater. It is called Total Annual Recharge in the left hand side, which is what you want to find. You want to find the groundwater recharge and the total recharge is equal to the summation of your recharge during monsoon, your non-monsoon rainfall recharge plus seepage from canals plus return flow from irrigation plus inflow from influent rivers etc plus recharge from submerged lands lakes etc. So, your net recharge, let's take a well and in this well, where are the water going to come? So, as they say, first the recharge through rainfall, the rainfall can get into the ground and then come as groundwater flow during monsoon. So, there is some rainfall during monsoon and then there is non-monsoon rainfall, off-season rainfall also sometimes happens, that also recharges. So, we're looking at the Total Annual Recharge on the left hand side, this one. Seepage from canals, as I said, when the dam water is filled up during monsoon, some of the water is channelized to these irrigation fields. The irrigation fields along the way will not have cement line and those canals would give recharge. Then return flow from irrigation, you take the water from the canals, you take the water from your dam or even groundwater, you apply water to the ground. So, let's say you are applying water to the field, you apply water into the field. What happens is the plants take the water, yes, some soil moisture is taken, yes, but you apply more, so then the water will eventually go down to the groundwater aquifer. This is called return flow, very important term in groundwater recharge or also irrigation. They'll ask you, how efficient is your irrigation? Your most efficient irrigation would reduce the return flow. So, if you look at sprinklers and or direct irrigation techniques where the drip irrigation is used only to the root zone, only to the particular plant, then the return flow is very, very less. Inflow from influence rivers, etc., when rivers flow, the water can be lost to the ground water. We saw this losing stream, gaining stream, concepts, etc. Recharge from submerged lands, lakes, etc. So, all these water bodies that are inside the land can also give recharge. So, all this can be estimated using a mass balance approach. In this first mass balance, it is looking at the hydrology of the entire watershed, whereas in the second, it is total annual recharge, which is summation of the individual recharges. Some of these can be calculated using data, some of these could be estimated, but it is good to have data for everything. So, multiple equations exist. The drawback, you can make it as big as you want or as small as you want, and then you can keep on adding terms. For example, let's add one more term here. So, you have your total annual recharge and then rainfall is happening, etc., etc. Then, I would say that the water is being brought to the houses using pipes. What if the pipe is leaking? Then there is recharge to ground water because inside the ground. So, you have to think about how, for example, this is a ground and this is your big water pipe connection. There should be some water leakage and that can also contribute to groundwater recharge. Sewage systems contribute to groundwater recharge. It's bad quality, but quantity, yes, it increases. So, countries like Nepal have a lot of these old water supply schemes and there's always leakages in them. There are multiple equations exist for water balance, which means you can make it big or small and as big as needed, but all of this need data. If they don't have data, they'll say it's negligible or they won't put the component on the equation. So, a lot of data is needed and validations of assumptions is very, very important. For example, if you say that there is no return flow in my recharge equation, that means you should make sure that this irrigation compound is not there. For example, in urban area, full of buildings, no agriculture. So, return flow is zero. You won't have any return flow. For example, there's no canal, so this goes to zero. So, all these assumptions have to be validated by certain logic. If there's no rainfall, then there's no rainfall recharge. So, that should go to zero. So, all this is very, very important while making these equations. So, the GC Groundwater Estimation Committee has recommended many methods and the methods are based on particular sites, particular use of water, for example, urban versus rural water and also canals and non-canal regions, etc. This book I've put it there, GEC 1997. Just Google it, you'll find it. It is a PDF from the Groundwater Board, Central Groundwater Board. It's a government of India approved agency. It's a government of India's agency. So, they give you all these equations and different methods. So, when you want to propose something to a village or understand if the village or area is doing good groundwater activities, you could look at this method, estimation method. Let's look at some. For calculating, I'm just taking one example from the book. For calving and recharge during monsoon, the formula indicated below may be adopted and this is only annual recharge during monsoon. So, this is only the monsoon recharge. If you look at the previous equation, we have total annual recharge is including a monsoon recharge. So, let's look at how monsoon recharge is done. So, as I said, each component itself will have a water budget. So, here monsoon recharge is S plus WDW minus RS, where S is given as change in groundwater storage volume during pre and post monsoon period, April, May to November. So, that is April, May is your pre monsoon. This is the typical monsoon period, the JJAS, the June, July, August, September rainfall and then post monsoon is November. So, you have the April, May as a pre monsoon, the summer time. So, what is the change between the pre monsoon and post monsoon? So, pre monsoon, the groundwater level is low, post monsoon, the groundwater level will be high because rainfall, recharge, etc. happen. The subtraction of this is not only the recharge because there is the component of the soil to allow the recharge to happen. So, that is the coming as a specific yield. We'll come to that. Then we have it in units of million cubic meters or mcf, obtained as below. The S is obtained as below. It is the area times water level fluctuation, what is the difference in water level times your specific yield. So, you have an area and then the thickness of the water. So, that is how the volume comes. Specific yield is a percentage. The areas not suitable for recharge like high hilly and saline area should be excluded because they're not going to anyway calculate the recharge in these hilly areas, saline areas because there's no use for the groundwater. Saline areas, if you recharge the water, the water is going to be salty. What is the use of salty water? Nothing. Same way in hilly regions, people don't get wells inside. So, you don't even look at the recharge. So, monsoon recharge is given as s plus dw plus certain other factors in negative which is minus rs, minus rigw, minus ris which is given as recharge from canal seepage during monsoon, rs, canal seepage. Igw is recharged from recycled water from groundwater irrigation during monsoon. So, from groundwater irrigation, please note the terms gw irrigation groundwater. So, there could be some irrigation using surface water which is given as ris. So, as I said, you have a field and this plot can have a canal which brings in water and because of that there is recharge. So, there is recharge happening from the canal. Also, there is a groundwater which is being pumped and then put on the field and that water can also get down into the groundwater as recharged. I will show it in a well diagram. So, for example, you have this as your well, your field. So, you have crops growing here. When you pull water and put it down, which is your pumping water and you're recharging your area, but most importantly, you are supplying water to the plant, pulling water and supplying water to the plant. After the plant has taken the enough water, water will still move down and then recharge back. So, this is the rigw which is recharged from recycled water. It is recycled from groundwater irrigation during monsoon. So, all this is important to understand the different components coming within your groundwater equation. So, rigw is a negative because you need to remove that. Ris is a recharge from canal seepage. You need to remove that because all this is double calculating. Ris is recharged from recycled water from surface water irrigation during monsoon because what do you want to do in the left? In the left, you have only monsoon recharge which is a recharge coming from rainfall. So, it is very important not to double calculate your recharge. So, if you're doing recharge estimation here and another recharge of say, seepage here, so you're double calculating the seepage. So, very, very carefully do it. If only monsoon recharge, you should only look at monsoon recharge which is your water level, how it fluctuates times your specific yield times your area. But make sure to remove your DW, it's also added, but after you add DW, you remove rs, rigw, ris. So, what is DW? Gross groundwater draft during monsoon because you have your recharge which is affecting your fluctuation but you're also pumping. So, when rainfall recharge is happening, you're also pumping. That water is also added to the recharge because only recharge water you're pumping as annoying. So, take the monsoon water, put it into your groundwater as recharge, but while you're putting the groundwater as recharge, you're also extracting water and that water combines with the recharge to get net recharge.  So, all this is given as your monsoon recharge. What is rf? It is your rainfall in meters. So, this is just a fraction times your thickness plus thickness thickness. So, all this would be your thickness whereas all these are volumes and all this is very, very important to understand how you calculate your specific recharges because in this equation you saw multiple recharges happening but you should not double calculate and you have to be very careful in making these water balance equations. I recommend you to go through the book to identify other methods. It is very, very informative and we can take a whole two weeks of lectures based on this book because it's each and every one method given very specific directions and values. I'll take some in this lecture for example. Let's look at it. Rainfall infiltration factor in different hydrogeological situations. What is a hydrogeological situation? Hydrogeological not only geology, when it is geology, it is only rock sediment or those kind of things but when you talk about hydrogeological then water is also part of it. Rainfall infiltration is very important to understand these recharge factors.  What is the change in the groundwater storage, etc., etc. But if you don't understand the hydrogeological condition, you can do it and this is where you can estimate based on GEC's recommendations, what is the rainfall that can go in? Because you don't, you may not have data. Again, if all these equations need data, if you don't have the data then GEC has given you recommendations, okay fine. If your area doesn't have data, simply analyze what type of hydrogeological situation it is. Let us take alluvial areas. Where are alluvial areas? We have that in the Ganges basin for example. Those areas have sandy formations or sandy areas and areas with higher clay content. So the rainfall infiltration factor which is how much here is given as how much percentage of the rainfall goes into your aquifer through rainfall infiltration is calculated and it is given as a percentage 20 to 25, 10 to 20% of normal rainfall. So we have for example 100 mm of rainfall around 20 to 25%. So 25 mm can get into the ground as infiltration. Again, this is not directly going into the aquifer, it goes as infiltration. After infiltration, it can be taken up by the plants, it can be stored in the soil or go into the groundwater. Moving on, the semi-consolidated sandstones which are mostly found in the northern regions, okay. Along the west and east northern regions, you have some semi-consolidated sandstones which are less having infiltration capacity compared to alluvial areas because it is only 10 to 15%. Okay, then we come to the most predominant aquifer system in India which is the hard rock area aquifer system. Whether rock is hard, the porous space is fractured and sometimes the fractures are not connected, so water is not shared. So in that type of area, we have granitic terrain weathered and fractured unweathered rocks. So we have 10 to 15% of rainfall infiltrates and goes into these kind of soil formations. Please note that it says 10 to 15% for weathered which means broken and weathered rock but when it's unweathered, still fresh rock we call or a rock which is not weathered due to conditions, then we just 5 to 10% of rainfall. Okay, so the percentages help to differentiate the type of hard rock aquifer and then if it is ballistic terrain, it is again 10 to 15. If it is a jointed basalt, weathered basalt is 4 to 10. Jointed means it has more connections into intertwining each other and that makes the water to flow and store. So you can see from here that the GEC has given you a set of equations. If you can have data, fine, but if you don't, don't worry. Here are the other estimates that you can put into the groundwater equation or groundwater water balance. So you have phylites, limestones, sandstones, quercides, shales, et cetera, which are 3 to 10% very, very less and unfortunately, this is the hard rock aquifer system in most of India. Moving on, recent groundwater data. Okay, so let's look at some recharge estimation methods based on groundwater data. The previous was the geological condition, the rainfall, et cetera. Now we're going to look at only, only in the groundwater data and how recharge happens. The good thing about this is we have a lot of data from the government of India, especially central groundwater board, with these well locations around 15,000 wells. Okay. And all of them are given as data as statewide, district-wise and block-wise. You can go into these data sets from online or the CGWB water book, the handbook they call every year annual book they release. And it is very, very informative of giving the situation of groundwater in India. Sometimes it is published once in two years, but sometimes annually also. And the groundwater year book has all these details of how many wells, how many wells are monitored, which are the locations turning critical, those kind of things. Okay. And it can be used with other data to also look at how the groundwater situation is going down as it's showing here the four points which is coming down. So the groundwater board data is collected four times in a year. It is the pre-monsoon, post-monsoon, and then you have winter and then summer. Okay. So somewhere also in between the monsoon also the season can be taken. So all these four months are very, very important and it depends on where you are. If it is south of India, it is a different calendar, but at the end it takes four times and they give you the month of which they take. So let's see how we could use this data to estimate groundwater recharge. So this is a very, very widely used method. I'm taking the notes from the USGS, US Geological Survey. And you could see that the water table fluctuation is best for shallow aquifers, not deep aquifers because it readily depicts how the solid material will let water flow, like the specific yield is how we impact. So all you have here is you have your water level on your y-axis and your time on your x-axis. The groundwater level is down and it is called discharge or pumping. So we are not worried about it. We are worried about the recharge. So suddenly there is a recharge event, maybe water rainfall occurs and a lot of recharge is happening. So the water level rises. So this is the water level in the well. So about a well and this is point A, point A. It has been down, down, down, it's going down and then suddenly after some time point B happens. So water level is rising. So now you need to calculate what is the recharge, which is our objective. How do you do that? You take time t equal to 0 to time t equal to tj. So where it actually starts and where the peak is taken. Okay, that is a two time or whatever time frame you are going to look at for the recharge. So you have a zero stop and then what time are you on? It can be daily, it can be hourly, etc. So our tj, which is the recharge occurring between two times t0 and tj is nothing but the specific yield of the soil of the rock times your change in the hydraulic head. So you have the time t0 and tj and the peak water level rise attributed to the change point. So from here the peak level is tj. At tj the peak level is hj where we call it delhj. So that difference that difference in the head from t0 to tj is called as delhj. See the simple del, it's like a triangle. That means change. The change in head, hydraulic head or water level because of recharge during a short time period is called delhj. And that time period the water is raised to here. It is delhj, which is nothing but this minus this one. And you just multiply by the specific yield, you get the recharge because the specific yield is a function of the liquid and the rock material. It tells about how much water can actually flow through gravity and the remaining water actually is available for water for plants and stuff. So here the most important factor is not only groundwater data because you need to have lot of data accumulated over time. And sometimes you do have meters which are monitoring these data at a longer time interval. The most important factor is the specific yield. It's very, very hard to estimate. So what the GEC has done, it has given you all the different types of formations or solids or rock material, however you want to call it sand, your soil type, etc., the formation and the recommended value. Then there is a range, minimum and maximum value. So in Indian terms, these are the recommended values. In the international terms and globally, this could be the range. Please understand that these are rock materials, weathered rock materials under the ground so it doesn't have boundaries of national climate, etc. Okay, it is just how bad the rock is weathered or how young the rock is. It determines the connections, the pore space, etc., etc. So let's look at the most important factors here. You have the formations, alluvial, sandy, silver clay, all having 16%, 10%, 6%, pretty high. So in the alluvial, we can say it is pretty high. Then the next is your hard rock active aquifers. So again, the Indian Government GEC committee has just divided it into two types, A and B. A is where the alluvial and high yielding aquifers are, whereas B is more the hard rock, the central India part where groundwater is really, really scarce. So you have all these having specific yield around the range of 3, 1%, 1.2% etc. So it's really, really low except the cast limestone which is all these caves and rocks which is not much in India. So most of the area is under hard rock. So this is the value that you should put in this equation. You can take the data, this data from your groundwater wells from here. So I am giving you a method based on GEC and the data where you can take and do these. You can go to GEC's website or central groundwater website, download the data for your particular area. And for that particular area, the CGWB handbook gives you what type of work it is. Then you go back to this equation, specific yield from this table. You have already the water level difference between the pre and the post monsoon. The pre is summer and after the summer the monsoon comes. So if you take the reading between the pre and the post monsoon, then you can know how much water level has changed. So what are we going to calculate is the recharge for three months because pre and post is three months. The time between the pre monsoon and post monsoon is three months. So this is how you would use the GEC estimation method with the groundwater data and a specific yield to estimate groundwater recharge. I hope you understood the principles of this, most importantly the estimation methods. I will see you in the next class where we'll look at a couple of more equations. And also this is the same thing to do, discharge. Please understand that recharge is a process from low groundwater level to high groundwater level. Water level goes in or water goes in groundwater recharge happens. The water level is pushed up, that is recharge. What is discharge? Your groundwater is at high, it is pumped out, so water is lost, it comes down. Or it can naturally come down because it is discharging. Okay, so you can use the same or similar methods because the data is the same and that is why the central groundwater vote collects data four times a year, beautifully capturing the pre to post which is your recharge and the post monsoon to the next pre monsoon, which is your discharge, how much water you've taken out. With this, I conclude today's lecture. I will see you in the next lecture. Thank you.


The first level of monopoly is the media monopoly. I think what someone said 140, 160 media entities are owned by one person. So you have a media monopoly and then you have multiple monopolies, business monopolies that provide finance to the JP. We are fighting an electoral contest and we are fighting the institutional structure of India in a 21st century environment where your means of communication is media, where your means of communication is social media and they have total dominance over those. Of course it will affect the mandate. The only way to face it is by going directly to the people which is what the congress party did before independence. There's a lot of appetite for that, there's a lot of atmosphere for that and the congress party needs to redesign itself to absorb that energy and use that energy to create a new vision for the country.


The Cavalcade of Music, presented by DuPont. This morning at the Aster Hotel here in New York, Mrs. William H. Corwiss, chairman of the Radio Committee of the American Legion Auxiliary, made the following award, I quote, to the sponsor of the program most acceptable and worthwhile to the general family audience, we present this, our second annual award for Radio Program Excellence, to the DuPont Company for its sponsorship of the Cavalcade of America. And it is appropriate that the award should come just at this time. For next Wednesday, the program for which it was given, the Cavalcade of America, will be back on the air. And now, we'd like to have all of you meet the ladies who made the award this morning, Mrs. Corwiss. The award is a national one in every sense. To secure a true cross-section of opinion, the American Legion Auxiliary turned the whole matter of selection over to the Women's National Radio Committee, a separate organization. That group circulated ballots over the entire country to leading women's organizations in every state in the Union. The program chosen to receive the award was determined not alone by the ballot count, but by written comment of these women leaders from coast to coast. I want to take this opportunity to thank them all for their splendid cooperation in helping to make our award truly reflect the opinion of American women as a body. We are gratified with the outcome because the Cavalcade of America we feel is in harmony with the ideals of our own organization to develop citizenship, a sense of community responsibility, and loyalty to our heritage as Americans. Thank you very much, Mrs. Corwiss. We deeply appreciate the award and are happy to have had you here with us this evening. Last week we announced that tonight's DuPont Cavalcade program would be different. We call it Don Vory's own program in honor of our musical director. This evening's show has been prepared by Don Vory, who has also written the script and who will make his own announcement. We wanted to know just what the director of a modern concert orchestra considered a well-balanced program of music. Our guest artist, the popular baritone, Conor Tebow. So without any more introduction, it gives me great pleasure to turn the program over to Don Vory. Good evening, ladies and gentlemen, and thank you, Dwight Wiest. Although as a matter of fact, ever since I was rather casually asked some weeks ago whether I would like to make our final musical program my own, that is as to its makeup, I've been trying to decide whether the opportunity to do so was a reward or a penalty. Our modern American orchestra is a really great thing in its varied possibilities, and an early keynote was struck by Paul Whiteman. Therefore, and also simply because most of you like it, we'll play whispering for you, as it remains unconsciously idealized in your memories, as though Paul's inanimate record had been able to keep step with the improvements in recording, amplification, instrumentation, and other phases of sound. Conor Tebow, one of our great baritones, in a favorite aria of mine, Vizion Fugitive from Massonet's opera Herodias. This opera was first presented in Brussels in the 90s. It was not too well received, so Massonet revised and re-orchestrated it to quite an extent, and in 1903 it was again heard in Paris. In re-orchestrating it, Massonet decided upon using the saxophone, that instrument despised by the musically hidebound in the introduction to this aria. Listen for it now and see if you don't agree with his long ago choice of tone color for an amorous love song. I'd like to show off at times, therefore a bravura number for my orchestra, of which I'm very proud. Musky Kostakov's brilliant Capriccio Espogno, and after it, something more generally familiar, but waitin' here. It's something that I've made apparent the fact that I really don't subscribe to any lines of demarcation in music. That is literally true, with the exception of a selective audience that has come to a concert hall, let us say, to hear Beethoven. You probably won't believe this, but even I wouldn't try to palm off Japanese fan-man on them, much as I'd enjoy doing so. Conor? Yes, Don? Will you sing the old spiritual standin' in the need of prayer? I'll play the counsel. One of the greatest bits of musical expression because of its simple religious fervor. A few years ago, Louis Grenberg wrote an opera based on Eugene O'Neill's play, Emperor Jones, the story of a colored murderer who escaped from a chain gang to an island where, due to his smartness and cupidity, he became the ruler of the natives. They finally saw through his abuses and tyranny, and he fled through the tropical jungle trying to reach the coast and escape. He gets lost in the jungle and the natives close in on him, Mima having brought him to play voodoo and the spirits. Grenberg must have decided that the theme of standin' in the need of prayer was unsurpassable for the purpose, for he chose it and set it with a magnificent descriptive background for the orchestra. Imagine the agony, remorse, and fear of this cringing Emperor Jones as he cries out to his maker. Sing it, Conor. Down here where these fool-bushed doggies raises me up to the seat of the money, I steal all I could. Thank you, Don Voris, and thank you, Conor Devo. I'll admit that I've enjoyed this program. Perhaps you also have a message from our sponsor, the DuPont Company at Wilmington, Delaware. No, Dwight, I think I'd better let you take care of that. All right, then, here it is. In the early days of rayon, a kindly old lady picked up a skein of a strange new yarn and said, my, my, they certainly must feed the rayon worms good things to eat to get such nice results. Today, almost everyone knows that rayon is a man-made yarn, a chemical product that comes from a factory. But even so, there's a lot of truth in what the old lady said, for, actually, rayon is made by a carefully controlled scientific diet. By one process of rayon manufacture, cellulose obtained from spruce wood and cotton linters is converted into a thick syrupy liquid called viscose. This substance is then forced through tiny holes into an acid bath where it forms filaments much finer than any silkworm can produce.  The DuPont Company has one rayon plant at Old Hickory near Nashville, Tennessee, where 4,100 people are at work making this product which was almost unheard of not so many years ago. In other words, the chemical laboratory has created an important modern industry serving millions and providing employment directly or indirectly for hundreds of thousands. The average weekly wage at DuPont's Old Hickory rayon plant is more than 25% higher than it was in 1929. And last year the employers of that plant set a record in safety by working nearly 11.5 million man hours without a single lost time injury. This one national recognition as the best all-time safety record in the history of American industry. When the DuPont Company started this plant in 1923, the population, the little village, was 500 people. Today it has grown to a thriving city of 10,000 with its own schools, community clubs, amusements, and shopping districts. DuPont chemists have done much to improve the quality and reduce the price of rayon. In 1925, a pound of viscose type rayon yarn cost $2.30. Today the same amount cost 63 cents. Likewise, the DuPont Company has developed man-made yarns used by textile manufacturers in producing many new types of fabrics. Rayon now comes in almost any formula like fabrics that are sheer or heavy, lustrous or dull, smooth or with interesting irregular surfaces, even a wide range of beautiful velvet. At Old Hickory, Tennessee, and other DuPont rayon plants in Buffalo, New York, and at Richmond and Wainsboro, Virginia, better rayon at lower prices is being produced every day. This story of man-made yarn provides one more illustration of how the DuPont Company works to make good at pled better things for better living through chemistry. This evening's broadcast concludes the summer series in the Cavalcade of Music. We hope you've all enjoyed the music of Don Voorhees and the singing of Conrad Thiebault and Francia White. Next week, the DuPont Company announces the return of our regular fall and winter series, The Cavalcade of America. The enactment of historic events, dramatic episodes, and little-known facts in the building and progress of our country. The first broadcast will tell the life of Edwin Booth, pioneer American actor who devoted his life to the advancement of American drama. On Sunday, the period for Daylight Saving Time will end. If your community has been on Daylight Saving Time, you will receive this program at the same hour you now receive it. If your community has been on Standard Time, this program will reach you one hour later than now. The life of Edwin Booth and the DuPont again presents The Cavalcade of America. This is the Columbia Broadcasting System.


It's four o'clock and I'd like to call the meeting of the City Planning Commission to order Would our clerk please call the roll mayor van der steen here older person born Here Ryan sasma here Jerry Jones Here Marilyn Montemire Here Dave Hoffman and Don Sviton here. We have a quorum. Thank you very much next Please stand and join me in the Pledge of Allegiance Next we'll go we'll start an introduction of the committee members and staff Dave do you want to start on that end? Mike van der steen mayor and chairman Chad fellowship planning director Steve Silklowski from the Planning Department Ryan sasma Department of Public Works Sviton citizen member And I'm blind Marilyn Alderman Jim of the Tenth District, and I'm the Alderman Alderman on the Plan Commission Marilyn Montemire citizen representative Jerry Jones vice chairman and citizen representative Thank you very much Next item on the agenda is to see if anybody has a conflict of interest with any of the items that we have on the agenda Seeing none then we'll proceed to the items for discussion and possible Action first of all we have to approve the minutes from the December 15th meeting. I entertain a motion to approve those minutes Thank you for that motion and support. Is there any discussion on those minutes? Seeing none all those in favor of the motion, please signify by saying aye Cheer boats I opposed motion passes Then we'll go on to items for discussion and possible action item 3.1 is an application for a conditional use permit with Exceptions by Torgon all incorporated to construct two new tanks at their facility at 46 17 South Taylor Drive Steve can you give us a preview of this? Sure. Thanks, mayor Tom test weed is here from Torgon all and he may have a contractor also on line from AC What we're taking a look at is Torgon all has their facility located 46 17 South Taylor Drive and They're looking to construct two new storage tanks at their facility The tanks would expand their bulk facilities in order to hold increased quantities of key raw materials for Manufacture of Torgon all's flagship product, which is polymeric colored flakes The two steel tanks are needed to increase production levels and support current and future product demand They would be located at the southwest Corner of the facility so you can you see in the the plans that you have before you That there are presently two smaller tanks in the area Approximately 30 feet and 46 feet and now they are looking to install these these two new 60-foot tanks Torgon all is also Requesting a height exception due to the height of the 60-foot tanks typically The maximum height in the suburban industrial zone is 50 feet staff divvitt have an opportunity to work with mr. Test weed on the size of the tanks and They were originally looking at 80 feet tall and they did have the opportunity with some changes And maybe the diameter of the tanks that they were able to reduce them to 60 feet Which is probably a little bit more consistent with some of the heights in the industrial Park So staff was recommending approval of the proposals subject to the conditions that you have before you so I can answer any questions and Mr.. Test weed is here as well Thank you very much for that report Steve mr. Test weed. Would you like to add anything to that please step to the lectern? Steve that was outstanding job Plan Commission. I just wanted to thank you for all the good work that you do for the city of Sheboygan As Steve mentioned, you know really we're looking at we bring in barium sulfate It's a pretty common mineral filler It's used in products like bowling balls a real heavy material and calcium carbonate So these additional tanks will allow us to to bring more material in For our manufacturing process this past summer there are busy peak months We are really going hand to mouth with material. So that's really the main purpose And we're working with the same contractors that we've done the last tank projects in terms of the foundation pad The tanks and the feed system So it should all blend in pretty nicely with the current tanks that are in place Very good. Thank you for those remarks Commissioners do you have any questions Steve a mayor Tom? Could you just kind of mention? When Torgan all came here a couple of the additions and that you also purchased another parcel in the park I don't know if everyone's familiar with that. Sure. Sure. Yeah. Yeah, it goes back a few years Torgan all used to make the entire coating


First of all, security, you're CMD number of times in the press conflict. This is what I think is the best of San Francisco, and it's one that honors a very strong past that's been part of our DNA, that is innovation, equity, access, and higher levels of safety. So thank you, welcome to our city of innovation. But also say thank you for being part of this great movement that continues to be a movement for San Francisco. This project today is really a perfect instantiation of our mission. Our mission is really to help the world and in the particular context here to help mobility. So one of the things that I'm particularly excited here together with the team is that we have brought people that are not just engineers. Of course, this is a technology project. We've heard from the mayor that, you know, this is the innovation capital of the world. But also we have people from the Haas Business School. We have people from the Goldman School of Public Policy. We have people from the Lawrence Berkeley Lab. We have people from the Economics Department from the iSchool. And this is really what this project is about. This project is a multidisciplinary project. That's the way we're going to win, and that's the way we're going to change the way mobility works in the city. We think it's a true opportunity for us to really envision a quantum leap in transportation, and that's what our proposal and our vision is all about. In the coming years, we really hope to transform the surface streets, the way we travel, and the way we move goods around the city. And we also hope to leave no one behind in this vision.


So we've already started to discuss a few different types of operations calculations run times the first one Really super slow that we we sort of discussed was a constant an O of One and the idea behind this is if I you know tick this and say that it's a one It doesn't actually matter how big of an input size. I'm gonna get this operation will always run at a constant speed so Time will never change for it then we introduced what we classify as linear O of N so same kind of argument could be said here as my in increases as it goes from zero to one as We see through this chart. What's actually gonna happen is it's going to kind of run at a very Straight line pretty much continue going up as input size goes up. We also are time increases However, that's not these are not the only two algorithms out there. We also have something known as log. Oh log of N Now the idea behind log is that there is a a diminishing return going on there. So I like that Diminishing Diminish niche in Return So what do I mean? Well at the start. Yes, it's going to still kind of increase and it'll increase pretty much the same as My my linear time however at some point in time it's going to start to taper off and Even if my input size continues to increase at some point time, you know in our argument we could say like I don't know this is like 20 It doesn't really matter But as I my algorithm kind of looks 20 will stay consistent over time Okay, so that's that idea of diminishing return even if I go from like here 50 to 100 We see no real Let's see. That's 50 and that was a hundred We see no real jump there versus when we went from zero to 50. We saw at least some increase so logarithmic time We also then can look a little bit on the opposite side So if I have logarithmic time and I have say linear time, I also have what we would call log Linear in log of in this is really interesting This is where you'll find a lot of problems because Sometimes we do have to run through every single element in say a list But then as we kind of process them we can do them in some type of diminishing return style One good example of this is let's say I wanted to say find all unique unique letters in a sentence Tense there we go So I'd have to go through every single letter in linear, but I could Manipulate it in some way that I only have to look at certain letters if they get cut off. So This actually is kind of interesting because it's a little more than linear in fact It's sort of I wouldn't call it the reverse just yet, but it's sort of skyrockets pretty high Pretty quickly as we sort of increase size it gets bigger because again. I have to multiply These two numbers together We can continue to grow from here and another way we could think about this if I had that same algorithm of Finding all the unique letters in a sentence one of the ways I might do it is to store all those letters and then go through that that stored List well the problem is since I have to go through that list. I might run into what we call a quadratic time oh Of in squared one I have to go through every letter in a sentence and then I'm going again through every letter in sort of my Stored unique letter list the problem is as you can kind of imagine now since I'm not doing a diminished return I'm doing sort of in times in this starts to jump incredibly quickly as well and We can keep on going with this we have one final one that we can look at Exponential and the idea here is instead of me looking at in our We would actually kind of flip those two digits around so our exponent is now the in and we just continue no matter as Our input size increases. We are doubling every single time and if you thought about that for just a second something like Two to the power of thirty two that's already getting us into four point two billion As a number so we're getting really big really quickly Even at a small number here And so this seems to start skyrocketing sort of right away very quickly


I feel like I'm wasting space with that. I don't know why I've messed that up. I Can move this right need a lightheaded poster chat and who has to be in here a nurse No Good announcement. What are you doing? You lost I've got this whole space to myself I'm gonna roll a derby by myself Own buildings. I have to get another building. All right big building That cost me 50k now. I got to get another loan because of that. Wait, I just got out of that Anything else can get upgraded. Can I break it? Oh? My toilet was out of order. I didn't even know that Oh, he did Rip Aubrey broccoli Rip and pieces He did well it happens chat, so I need to upgrade another machine That's like all the machines that I can upgrade though. Am I short on janitors? You need to go over here and repair Well, I pay you for that's nice. Oh, it's open. Okay, cool. Um, I really don't have anything to put over there I just own three buildings. Oh, he's gonna fix it now All right, there's a pan guy I mean, let's not unlock another Another thing to upgrade. I can't upgrade anything Are all these things broken? If this is called janitor to fix Does that mean it's broken or? Whatever Maybe just needs maintenance Speaking of which, how many people do I have? In terms of janitors I got two janitors. Oh, and they're both mad. Oh my gosh. I should hire a third. I think are you the janitor? That's a nurse Where'd the janitor go? Where are you at?   Nice Freudian lips Okay, so we need psychiatry. We got psychiatry patients coming in for Freudian lips These names of these diseases are a plus well done All right Zephyr. Have a good night, man. Thanks for coming by. I appreciate your company. Appreciate you, dude Have a good one. I still don't have another thing there. I guess I can build another Like one of these guys and then upgrade it and then get rid of that Thing I'm gonna do Is anybody repairing this? Okay, I need a repair So there's a health bar and things. All right, so looks like there is a cure I could put another psychiatry ward over here As well Actually, that's a bad idea No, don't put a window in psychiatry nice Um, how do I delete this there we go plants all over the freaking place so spacious With that delicious poster over there. I can't really put anything else in here, huh? It's a garden chat. It's a garden It's a garden um She feel welcome bud. How you doing? Oh, it's kind of crowded in here We have too many janitors. Well, they were over working. That's why I hired a third All right, so I'm generally happy now except for him Creeks just gifted us up the shifu. Thank you so much for the support. Everybody's showing some love in the chat Doing the thing Thank you so much Creeks for that man Guys if you haven't already shown some love in the chat with the shifu gift You're fired.  Got it. Enjoy those emo shifu This charmless chardonnay is as insipid of whiteness. I've ever spat out It has a foul nose. He should probably keep a eye on the on the staff for the taste Well, I would rather leak an actual toad than drink. Oh, she is going on break Mono brown I think I need another ward don't I? I'm never for another bed Probably should expand this and make some more beds, huh? edit That's a lot of beds chat God dang it. You want you need to be in here Huh, your voice is very relaxing mixed as well with the game. Well, thank you man. I appreciate that I'm new to the game. So I'm uh, I'm struggling a little bit Well, I'm learning it's a song of learning So where's the staff that was uh, like yeah the ward girl working in psychiatry Lydia working in ward. Lydia you about to go on a break Take a break Same with you. Take a break I think that's good for now Ha ha ha ha Paces are reminded Not to believe in ghosts Uh-oh misdiagnose Treatment failed. Oh boy Staff skill. Oh Whoa, what's with all that the treatment's failing? I guess it happens chat Okay, I'm gonna I got to create something to upgrade so Can't upgrade a cubicle Uh, I guess I can do another pharmacy But it might be idle At this point, I don't care because I just want to upgrade the stupid thing So Upgrade there we go And then once it's done upgrading I can I can tear it down All right, I'm gonna stand up Think it's time to take another break chat We're coming up on, uh Nine hours in the sub-a-thon So we're coming up on the last three hours The last three hours of the sub-a-thon Oh, man Thank you all for sticking around as long as you have I appreciate your company Barber shop quartet. Sure Mockstar So thanks for watching. I'm gonna take a three minute break Walk around stretch hit the blood flowing And we'll come back for the last, uh, three hour block of this I'll probably get another break in between that. Thanks for all the gift is subs. Thanks for all the tips Thanks for all the follows. Thanks for watching. You guys are the best. I'll be back. I have return. Thanks everybody for watching I think it's time to switch games This is a lot of fun. It's a lot of fun. I'm really


Rear Admiral Dale Horan presented former Army Corporal Charles Elder the Purple Heart Medal in a ceremony in Phoenix, Maryland, after more than 60 years since he was wounded during the Korean War as a POW. Elder was captured by North Korean forces and held at a Chinese POW camp from August 1951 to August 1953. 300 friends, family, and state and local officials attended the ceremony. Navy divers are testing new equipment that will improve the safety and capabilities of Navy divers. The Diver 6 telemetry system gives supervisors real-time information, allowing them to better monitor submerged divers. And finally, the Keep What You've Earned campaign needs your help spreading the message of responsible drinking to the Navy community. So if you're an artist, this is your chance to use those creative skills to design a new poster that shows what responsible drinking means to you. To learn more about the contest, visit the Navy Alcohol and Drug Abuse Prevention website. For these stories and more, visit navy.mil.


Several years ago, back in the late 90s, the U.S. Air Force, through their U-2 program and their RF-4 program, provided us with infrared imaging capabilities and was very limited at that time. When the Air Force and then the Air Guard eliminated that program and left the department without an infrared imaging program. The original parameters or mission parameters that we laid out were to provide that kind of service on a 24-7 throughout fire season. The aircraft system was designed from the bottom up. When we got together with our committee and decided what needs to be in the aircraft, we brought in people from the field, the end users, the mappers on the fire ground and asked them what they needed and how they needed it. The initial goals of the project were to have a rapid simulation of fire perimeter data and immediate display and distribution of that data down to the ground from the aircraft. The King Air 200 allows us to provide services up and down the state within a short period of time. With a 300 plus miles per hour speed, we can provide infrared services to two major incidences throughout the state, one in the north and one in the south. The aircraft has been modified structurally to extend it by 37 inches to provide us an ability to put six cameras into the aircraft. One of them is a video digital camera and the others are near-infrared cameras. There's five additional near-infrared cameras. The system actually has six sensors in it which cover many bands of visible light all the way up into the very long wave thermal infrared band. We're here at the user console in the King Air and this user console is designed to be the data acquisition point, platform and operators console as well as the interpretive station for the actual data that's being collected by the thermal camera. This display is demonstrating the thermal camera coming live through the system and along the side here we see the bar-coded attitude and GPS data being collected by the aircraft and collated and mingled into the photos here. So at any point in time, we can freeze an image and we can know exactly where we are in latitude and longitude. Many map resources here on the screen that allow us to have immediate access to the entire state's data of GPS data tied to the TOPO maps and in this case I'm showing a flight line where we went down to Mission Viejo and you'll notice the data is coming up showing us the position of our destination and the system going along recording thermal data. The barcode along the bottom is showing us the different degrees of temperature that are being sensed in that imagery and it's set up to accommodate very wide ranges of data. From the time we're over the incident we can take our pictures, take our videotapes, create a perimeter of the fire and within a matter of minutes we can have it downloaded down to the FTP site. Realistic terms we can have a perimeter of this fire in 30 minutes or less from the time that we go over the incident. The system in the aircraft is a real-time data collection system and just like you see video streaming behind me, that video can be drawn on top of by the user interpreter in the aircraft. As that data that is being identified and created above the video image is created, it can then be immediately sent out of the aircraft to the ground. Immediately as it's picked up in the ground in its standard format, a GIS format, it can be opened by any of the state mapping resources and brought up on the screen. None of the data needs to be cut, pasted, changed in formats and handed off to many different computer users. The people on the ground now can get helicopters, perhaps they might be able to fly around the fire if it's not too windy or not too smoky and they might be able to get the information. With this aircraft we can get the information, we can get it to them in a very timely manner and quick enough that they can utilize it. One of the key benefits of the system is that we are collecting such a wide or hyper-spectral array of data that it's basically an unlimited resource for interpretation. Some examples of the other types of analysis we can get from this system are things such as spawning beds along streams. We can identify very well hydrocarbons in water, a classic example of which would be if there was a train wreck along the river and diesel fuel is spilling into the river, we can fly over and see that as clear as day and identify whether or not the booms that have been placed along the river to retain the spill have been placed out at sufficient distance. Wildlife habitat identification and migration is certainly a very, very strong suit of this system in that we can easily identify grazing areas, overgrazed areas, riparius, vegetation issues. We can also identify noxious weed issues. There's unlimited capabilities in interpretation. The system is only really limited by the knowledge of the interpreter and what they know how to do with this data. The aircraft itself is stabilized using the autopilot, the flight management system and the speed. It allows us to do multiple missions in a short period of time and also the capabilities allow us to switch from one resource mission to another without having to go back to the ground and reprogram. While fire continues to be the primary mission of this aircraft, certainly the investment in the aircraft and the investment in the time to put this system together means that we need to get more out of it. We need to have the ability to gather wide arrays of information while the aircraft is en route over a site and returning. We designed this system to be utilized by all emergency personnel in basically all kinds of instances. Through the years we've been seeking to find a platform to provide that with. With the new technology, I think we have a department resource here that not only provides good imaging for incident, but also for resource management, acquisition and imagery. I'm extremely pleased with the results coming out of the system in that the data is highly accurate, very clear and concise to the missions we've already identified. We are very eager to get out and identify other types of missions, gather data and work with other resource agencies to identify how the data will be utilized for them. The ability of this technology is remarkable. The Airborne Infrared Imaging System is an important tool, not just for CDF, but for the state of California.


This is Crime Classics. I am Thomas Highland with another true story of crime. Listen. That's the way Robert, Robbie Boyd Balfour, walked across the room when he was angry. And this was one of the angriest days of his life. The object of his disaffection, a schoolteacher, and this is what Robbie did. Hit the schoolteacher across the mouth with his leather glove, which was, in that day and age, a challenge to a duel. Not me, said the schoolteacher. I said Robbie. I went Robbie with his pistol. Tonight, I'm going to report to you on Robbie Boyd Balfour. How he wrecked a big prison's reputation. Crime Classics. A series of true crime stories taken from the records and newspapers of every land from every time. Your host each week, Mr. Thomas Highland, connoisseur of crime, student of violence, and teller of murders. Now, once again, Mr. Thomas Highland. In 1707, the current saying around Enver Keating Scotland went something like this. Isn't it bad enough we suffered the Glen Coom massacre? Isn't it awful enough about the Dariem scheme that they had to go and join up with England and call us now the United Kingdom? The sentiments of the time among the Kilded Folk, whispers of bribery in the Scottish Parliament, threats of war, talk of open rebellion, a time of angers and furies, and between these passions, gentler ones. Isn't it bad enough we suffered the Glen Coom massacre? Isn't it awful enough... Hush, hush now Robbie Boyd. You're saying that so often, I'm wondering whether you believe it. I believe it plenty else. Why am I going away? Oh Robbie Boyd, let's get to the party. Let's throw the harshness of it and come to its softness. Aye, aye Glenis. Or say to me something soft with those sweet lips of yours. Aye, and Spain, how long for you Glenis? They say the hotness of the Spanish sun makes a warm torrent of your blood, and ever and always there are Spanish maidens. I'll not look at them. What? I'll not look at them.  Upon my father's tartan I swear it, and upon his barrel. I go to Spain only to protest what is done here. This exodus of the Scottish young men will show them through how we feel. I'm proud of you that you do not stoop to violence, that you do not stay to fight the English, but make witty protest by going away. They'll see, they'll see. The harsh again the conversation turns soft, soft Robbie Boy. Make soft words and close. Aye, Glenis, Glenis of the heather, Glenis of the gorse, Glenis of the gloom. And you'll come back to me, and you'll come back. Robbie Boy Balfour sailed away the next day and some 43 days later he got to a city in Spain named Madrid where he met some of his Scottish friends and together they did protest Scotland's union with England. And at home Glenis waited. She busied herself with spinning flax and arranging wildflowers and brief walks in solitude, the normal everyday things a girl did in Indra Keating when her Bonnie was over the ocean. Then on a day in April an event in the village. Mr. Henry Stenhouse appeared. I'm the new schoolmaster, knowledgeable of books and syntax, excellent with arithmetic and the sciences. Certainly do I boast of my penmanship. Oh, lovely. And certainly for my manner of composition. But listen, you are comely and you walk with a gentle sway of silk and stock. Lovely. And was taken to the hearts of the villagers for many of them had told each other their need for learning and Mr. Stenhouse could fulfil it. So they gave him a celebration. True, Mr. McPherson. The sum of the square of the other two is... Mr. Stenhouse. Mr. Stenhouse. Yes? May I speak with you for a moment? Of what? Of a favour to ask. Favour to ask Neath the Moon. A favour to become boon. Or so Radcliffe said poet that he is. Neath the Moon then, Mr. Stenhouse. Aha. Now to the favour. Oh, yes. I've a lad. A lad? Of Bonnie on love. And he's in Madrid. Protesting? Aye. And I wish to write to him of how I miss him. You cannot write. Only scratchings and simple words. But such as you... Could help you. Yes. Tell you what to say. Yes. Sweet words. I want you to. Glennis. Aye. A thing just happened. What thing? I saw the moon. And immediately then I looked into your eyes. And the stars were there. Come close to me, Glennis. So that I may look into a star. Oh. That I may... Press my lips into your hair. Oh, Mr. Stenhouse. Oh, no, no, no, no. No. But it was my landlady with my evening gruel. I've come for the favour, Mr. Stenhouse. To write your love, your Bonnie. Aye. Then sit there. And take quilt a hand and write as I say it. My darling. My own sweet love. There is a wraith of mist over the heather now. And in it, mysterious, my beloved's heart beats. Or is the flutter of some red encrested bird. Or perhaps it is only this throbbing with him. Oh, my. Oh, my beloved. How though the space between how I feel you neared me, I know your dear cheek and my breath on your... Oh, oh, oh, look what I've done. I just feel the ink in... Come, come to me. I can't help myself. Your words. Dearest, dear. Oh, yes, yes. Come back later, Mrs. McPherson. I didn't want my gruel the new. But does that mean less being in a strange country and finding me to learn the language? What does this mean? What it says here? La mugia esta in la casa. It means I love you. Everything means I love you. Put out the book, Robby Boy. Robby. Are you less? I love you. You must know I love you. Eh, less. Yes, dear. In Scotland far away there is one to whom I have promised myself. She waits for me. What woman waits? For what man? Glenis waits. I'd stick my soul on it. And the days rolled into weeks and the weeks into months. And in Inverkeething this was going on. Oh, how sweet you are, Henry.  While in Madrid? Eh, no, Pepete. And in Seville? I'm sorry. No, later less. In Barcelona? Eh, no. No, no, no. And in Cuernavaca, town in Andalusia, feigned for its beauties? Well, well... No, I'm sorry. Madeleine, I'm sorry, less. No, I'm promised another. Well, listen how things progressed in Inverkeething. Glenis. I love you. I've written it down and drawn a line beneath it and added it up and subtracted and added it again. There is an answer to it all. Will wed? Yes. Oh, yes. There now. Oh, how happy can a maid be? Oh, Henry. Yes? Robbie boy, what him? Oh, what of him? What if he comes back? What if he comes back, Henry? Oh, he'll not come back. Those young men who have gone to Spain, how many of them come back? My own brother did. But for a week and went back to Spain again? Aye, then there's not to bother of Robbie. No. Then we'll wed. Come good, Charlie, can think and day we'll wed. Come that day. Making a vow like that and not knowing that even as she said it, Robbie boy, Balfour was on the high seas, sick of Spain and sick with love for Glenis. And there was a good wind and a good sea and swiftly sailed Robbie into Scottish seas and friendly shores and the remembered and loved weather of mists and leaden sky away with a sun-drenched brightness of Hispaniola on with a kilt and to horse. I'm home again. Ride me to Glenis, you bunny-seed. Ride! Across moors and skirt the bogs, across glens, upland and hooves on stone and field. And Robbie boy was at the home of his beloved. Glenis? Glenis! Ah, the blush that comes here. Oh, the blessed, shaped softness. Where shall we put the pewter, Glenis? Who is he? Who is he? Robbie. This is Henry. So that you'll know who I am, sir. So that there'll be no quibbling about it. I am the betrothed of Glenis. And when the sun comes upon good Charlie Kensington Day, we shall wed. Is this the truth, Glenis? Say it, lass. Tell me, is it truth or no? It's truth. And now, sir, we were discussing Glenis and I of the placing of the pewter. This mark upon the floor. I dare you to step over it. And if I do, there will be a duel? Aye. I do not wish to duel. Therefore, I'll not step over it. Sir, this one block I put upon my shoulder. Knock it off. No, for I do not wish to duel. Then I'll put it down. And then this I do. My gauntlet in your face. You, you want me to duel? Not me. Sorry, not me. Said Robbie. I went Robbie with his pistol. You are listening to crime classics and your host, Thomas Highland. No actors, no tricks, no special effects will be used in Night Watch. The new CBS radio thriller making its debut next Monday night on most of these same stations. Actual tape recordings are made at the scene of the exciting action met by a prowl car in its nightly rounds. These will be what you'll hear on Night Watch. A reporter and a police sergeant ride the Night Watch and bring out the authentic material you will hear. Night Watch premiere next Monday night. And now once again, Thomas Highland in the second act of crime classics and his report to you on Robbie Boy Balfour, how he wrecked a big prison's reputation. A word to those who have grown rusty in their knowledge of the code of honour as it was practiced in the early 18th century. The Scottish code was different from all other codes in that seconds were dispensed with. Why, you ask? Well, it may have been because of the notorious Bruce Trolley Affair where the seconds were slaughtered instead of the dualists. Or it may have been because of the famed edict of Prince Jamie of Glam. Whatever the reason and the reason is still hotly contested by experts, that is why Robbie shot the school teacher where he stood. I gave him an opportunity. But he wasn't armed. Armed or not armed, he didn't want to fight. There are men like that. Cards. Cards is steel out of man's laces when other men are overseas. He is not dead. What? I think he only wounded him. Only wounded him, but in the shoulder. But I shot him twice with each of these pistols. And you hit him twice. Truly what? He was a coward. Yet you loved him. I did not know he was a coward. What will you do now? Robbie. Hi. How sweet it is that you are home. Sweet for whom? I close my eyes and I am in your arms again. Now open them. What do you see? You apart from me. As it will always be. Your love cries out, Glynus. He is hardly scratched. For a coward grievously hurt.  Bunt him. Heal him. The power of public opinion in Inverkeving was as strong then as it is now. A wedding day had been set on Good Charlie Kensington's day. And a wedding there was. Glynus McFarland and the school teacher Henry Stenhouse. And what of Robbie Boy Balfour? He was a hero. A man who had avenged his honour who had come out of Spain unscathed by the dangers there had come home to find his beloved in another's arms and had known what to do.  Hi Henry. It was forced upon us, you know. What was? Our marriage, the folk could not have tolerated every ring of our vows. I know it, but gruel has to gruel. Henry. I cannot love a coward. I cannot. I cannot. Who else will you love? Him. Only him, Robbie Boy. Glynus. Glynus don't leave me. Glynus. Be with him. He's your husband. Your husband chosen by you. Robbie Boy. I go to him. For what reason? Finish him. Kill him, you mean? You started to do that. Then do it. Go and put another bullet in him. I tell you a thing. I. You're wild, Glynus. Your hearts are stolen and snuggles into the gorse. Yet what? I entered and she was Glynus Townhouse's wife to school master. He is here, what of it? I must see her. Glynus, that's the surgeon of invocating. I'll be wishes words. What will you surgeon? There was a screeching and a yelling about and a neighbor entered into your house to see what the matter was. Your husband it was, your husband of one day. In a delirium he was and I've come to tell you. Give to him what portions are necessary. I come presently. He needs only prayers. He lies a dine, only a miracle can save him. But it was only a shoulder wound. He got out of bed to fetch the bowl of haggis and slipped. Infection immediately set in. He lies a dine.  Now, this might have looked like a happy turn of fate for Glynus and Robbie Boy. Oh, what a happy turn of fate this is for us. Glynus certainly thought so. I, I it does. Robbie thought so too. So when Glynus went home to her husband he are a dine Henry. Who holds the quilt to me Glynus for I'm shivering. Don't do you good. The quilt will overheat you. Well, back at Robbie's house he had some news. It's my duty to tell it to you Robbie Boy, Robbie Ladd. Tell me what judge. As judge of the county I'm telling you what's true. Tell me what judge. Though we may admire you for what you've done. Shooting Henry's done house. Though we may admire you for dependent your honor. There's a law Robbie Boy. There's a law Robbie Ladd. What law? The death goes with death. What are you saying judge? The death goes with death. An English law. And now we're one with England our law too. If Henry's ten house dies then he'll be dying of his wounds. If Henry's ten house dies he'll be dying because you put them there. Therefore you stand and try and for his dying. Now to my way judge. Where are you going Robbie Boy? Where are you going Robbie Ladd? To see the school master. Tell him a thing. Not today? Not today. So I take my way. If apologies will keep you alive school master I apologize.  Stay alive. Spring and Scotland the most time stay alive. There's music to be heard in the land stay alive. The sounds of the seasons to be heard and the colours to be seen.  For a young man such as you stay alive. That's the word. It did not be fair to those of us who love it. It did not be fair. It did leave an emptiness in. Robbie. Robbie Boy. He looks better doesn't he? He's dead. Robbie Boy? Robbie Ladd? You're under arrest. Robert Balfour The jury by the plurality of voices having found it proven that you did discharge a pistol against Mr Henry Stenhouse and that Mr Stenhouse did die within two days of the day he was wounded. Then are you a judged prisoner and you will be beheaded at the cross of Edinburgh on the 7th of May 1710 and ordained of all your goods. Good Jailer. Robbie. Robbie Boy. Awake now Robbie. Tonight is your love and come to visit you to give you comfort. Oh, it's pale and drawn you are. Even in this poor light I can see. No one man expects to look healthy on the eve of his beheading. I have a plan Robbie. What? A plan. What do you mean? For your escape. You're daft. Daft with love for you. What do you mean daft? Where do you talk a plan? Listen, it's a good plan. There's no plan to get me out of this prison. There's a way to do it. What way? Tell me this. Where is the Jailer? Look past my shoulder and tell me where he is. Eh, eh, eh. In the corridor it is supper. Then keep the talk flowing and make laughter or tears or whatever suit you fancy. Yet only do what I do. Very well. Oh, I, I, I heard the song. The melody I cannot sing yet. It goes like this. Money trail is another way. Safe for your debounding sea. Many's the harp that'll break it, Twilight. If he doesn't come home again. What? A dinner. What else to say? Babel then. This I want to say to you. Nor is it Babel. I love you too.  What does the Jailer do? Are you ready? Aye. Then I'll call to him. Jailer, I wish to leave. I will meet you in Aberdeen by Auntie Bledhorse there. Aye. Now, here's what happened. While they were talking, they changed clothes. And, dressed in Glynnis' clothes, from tartan to tam, a robby boy walked out of jail. The switch wasn't discovered until the next morning when the headsman came in the cell to take his victim to the block. I'm not a robby boy.  But she was wrong, as wrong can be.  If a body helped a body escape a felony, a body then must stand on a body's stead, and ignorance is no excuse. That finished Glynnis. The authorities looked for Robby all over Scotland. They left no stone unturned, but didn't find him because at the very time they were looking... You're Teyamo. In Spain. You're Teyamo, too, Kalman. Robby boy, sadder, but wiser. In just a moment, Thomas Highland will tell you about next week's crime classic. Robby Balfour, tonight's crime classic, was adapted from the original court reports and newspaper accounts by Morton Fine and David Friedkin. The music was composed and conducted by Bernard Herman. And the program is produced and directed by Elliot Lewis. Thomas Highland is portrayed on radio by Lou Merrill. In tonight's story, Van Wright was heard as Robby, Betty Harford as Glynnis, and William John Stone as Henry. Featured in the cast were Virginia Gregg, Steve Roberts and Norman Field. Bob LeMond speaking. Here again is Thomas Highland. Next week, St. Petersburg, Russia, in the year 1801. The river Neva was frozen solid that year, but if you cut a hole in the ice, it was a marvelous place for a girl to put the suffocated corpse of an officer. It's listed in my files as the general's daughter, the tsar's lieutenant, and the linen closet, a Russian tragedy. Thank you. Good night. Jack Benny of CBS Radio will be on hand again this Sunday evening, wistful for Walkiegan, boastful about Beverly Hills, violating all rules for violin playing, daring all to deduct the dollar from his tight grasp. Jack's magic turns it all into some of the finest comedy on radio. Be listening for our Jack Benny show this Sunday evening, and share it with the whole family.


The other thing is my husband and I started this because it actually started with our professional page and I used to have so many people coming into our office talking about relationships and yeah, I don't even know how we got there. It could be like in the first 10 minutes of being interviewed, an applicant comes in and it's interviewed for a job, spoke mostly men. 10 minutes after he's telling me, my baby mama did this, my mama, I was like, serious right now. We end up talking to these people some time for hours. Listen, it's the message right here. Black boy, tell me how you really feel, cause I just want to build with you.  I want to keep it real with you. I want to live better, eat better. I want to love better, sleep better, yeah, I want to feel so aligned. Kevin Sammis. He hit me lovely. What do you think? What do you hear? What do you feel when you hear the name? What do you think about? I call people's work their ministry. What do you think about Kevin Sammis ministry? I think it's lovely. I think the fact that he's empowering men to be better. I like that fact. I like the fact that he's really blunt with women cause we do need work. Why the women listen, I don't know. I mean, I'm amazed that they do listen, but I'm glad they're hearing them.  You say they do listen or they don't listen? I think they listen. They call in. That's the first step of listening, whether they're agreeing or not, because he's holding them accountable. You know, you have women that call in, they have three kids and they think they need to have the six-figure man. That's not going to happen. And if he's telling them that, then what's wrong with that? I think that's a good thing. He has that brutal honesty from uncle that needs to be had cause maybe dad is not there or whatever the situation. Now I do think sometimes he makes them think things that are not correct.  He got to make $350,000 a year. I don't think that's true. I don't think that's true, but that's just, you know, that's the part of the show. I get it. But I think the fact that he's empowering me and the only problem that I have with him, if I had any, which I don't cause I'm married, you know, but it's that, and it's not his fault. He has a message that he's putting out there and everybody hear it, hears it, but it doesn't apply to everybody. And I think that's the problem that we have or that I have, cause you have average men or even broke men thinking that they can tell a certain woman this, this and this. I'm like, oh, you need to be a six or seven or eight. He could be broke. And he's still quoting Kevin Samuels and I'm thinking, I don't think Kevin was talking about you, but okay, I hear you, you know. So that's the thing. That's not his fault. There's a, you know, a very big platform and everybody hears it, hears it, and men embrace it. Cause sometimes men need someone to follow and that's what they do. But it's just not for everybody. But he stresses that it's for high value. High value men are the ones that have options, but I think all men think that they have those types of options. And I don't think that's the, that's the case all the time. I think there's a bit of sarcasm with the lower earning men. The clip that made him go viral was the, uh, uh, dialogue clip. The lady who called in it was like, I make six figures now and I'm finding I can't respect men who don't make as much as I make. So how do I get a six figure man? And he kind of ran her down the list of the things that men of that caliber value, like she was a single mother, she, um, she wasn't that attractive, um, and things like that. So I think the broke guys are saying, you've been, we're on the same level, but because you make more than me, you think you're not because you think we value what you value. And now it's like, okay, since this woman who was a five thing, she deserves a 10 caliber man. Since I'm a five caliber man, I'm going to tell her that I deserve a 10 caliber woman cause you're not going to keep looking down on me. So like, do you think that's the case that women who are actually looking down on the men they qualify for qualifying?   So I think that's still the, what's the most important, but yeah, that part, that part I really don't get because I mean, if you really get to it, you can see many men that may be a three and they have six figure women or whatever. They have whatever woman they want because they're leaders. And again, they're kicking in the door. They're doing what they're supposed to do because it's real sexy to be in power, power is for me. I think power is more, uh, I'm not going to say it. Don't even worry about it. It's Sunday power and access is more important than actual money cause money can come and go. Now some would say you can't have one without the other, but you can have it and then you can lose it and you still have it. You know, the lack of money doesn't take your power away. It's just that you can be in between lessons, building yourself up.  I hate to use that, but there have been a lot of people who have, who seem to be very powerful and have no money, but we have the perception of them being power is what we accepted, but they really are not powerful if it's money driven, I should say.  Some of those people were not, they didn't have any money, but everybody knew them. Their name was buzzing. And we thought, oh yeah, it goes off to him. He has a lot of money and a lot of people invested in it, but he didn't have any money or they didn't have money. So the power of it all was what everybody liked and invested in. So I would rather a person have power. Access is money. Money gives you access. Access is good, but I want the power and authority. And that's not something that necessarily comes with money. And I think that's part of what I appreciate about Kevin Samuels, like men know, you know, so I grew up, I played football in high school and I could come on the field and I could proclaim that I'm the fastest guy on this football team, but I had to line up and prove it, right? And I think what I appreciate about him, he's putting metrics on these things. If you think you're a high value man, do you make this amount of money? Do you have this type of network? Do you, do you inspire this number of people, whatever the case may be? What are the metrics that women should use to evaluate themselves? And not, not as human beings, because we're all valuable, right? We're all, we're all beautiful in God's eyes, but in the marketplace, how should women from your point of view evaluate themselves accurately, properly, wherever? Oh, that's a hard question. As I haven't been on the market in a very long time, but I think they need to evaluate themselves based on what they've accomplished, who they are, you know, whatever negativity they might, they might have. If it's a child or what have you a first marriage, whatever, any kind of trauma, they either need to deal with it and they need to be whole. I think women should always come into relationships whole or as marriage relationships, and they just need to be honest with themselves about it. Because we're not going to look in the mirror and be like, oh, I'm a three. That's not going to happen. We're going to be tens.  They're not, not many women going to do that. But if they do, if they do, they should be honest with themselves. But far as giving themselves numbers, I don't think anyone is going to do that. But I do think that they should be honest with themselves about what needs to be improved upon. If you fat, I got to exercise. If you bigger than what you want to be, I need to exercise. I need to change my diet. And I do think women do do this, though. But if it's good enough, I don't know. But I don't think they should be, I don't think it should be catering to what they think a man should want. I think they should do it for themselves first. I don't think it should be for a man. Because we have to have confidence to get the man also a woman that lacks confidence is not getting a man. I don't think. And he's the ruler of this household. So why do we take away from him? Because he's not waking 250,000 miles a year. What's wrong with that? What's wrong with his power? It may not be, you know, he may not be moving the earth, but he's he's taking his family from one place to another. And I think that needs to be recognized because everybody can't be the same. You know, everybody can't be six figures plus. So is this man powerless because he doesn't make it? No. So that's what I mean by that. Access comes with money, but power, that's a man. That's just and I prefer that. That's just what I mean by that. But what my husband was speaking of is that women should not have authority over men. And sometimes when I advise men, it may come off like, you know, just like what I just said a moment ago, I may give advice based on what I think a leader looks like or what I think a head of a household looks like. And if another man hasn't already told him off, another man didn't think to tell them that a man somewhere may be offended that I'm telling him that.  And I said, what are you trying to do? And he told me, he's like, I'm just trying to deliver a message. I said, well, and to deliver and to deliver in that message, are you trying to offend? Are you trying to bring people to you? And he's I don't know what his answer was, but they felt like that was me author being authority over that man. So I don't know, you know, I just I just give wisdom where I think it needs to be given. I have I have a covering. My husband is my covering. He's given me the permission to share my life and what our life and what I do on YouTube. And he's there. The camera doesn't go on unless he's there. So he's saying everything I'm saying. So I don't know if everybody knows that, but that's the pushback that I get often. So let's elaborate on that, because I think that's a fantastic point. In in the Manisphere right now, one of the conversations that's being had is number one, some people are saying the Manisphere is a sacred space for men. It's the it's a digital barbershop. But we're seeing women enter the space and find a lot of success. And I think there are two reasons why I think women find success because men crave female validation.  But the other piece, too, is, you know, if you're an attractive woman, if you're saying things that are in line with these men, they feel heard, they feel validated, they feel seen, right? The biggest critique is instead of just echoing the sentiments that men are saying amongst themselves, do we need more women talking to women? So how do you how do you respond to that? We definitely need more women talking to women, but not necessarily do the women listening again. It goes to you have to just create the platform and be the example. They're not there. So I'm not going to say they all don't. But first thing, there are not many women. Women are afraid to even come up to have these conversations because it is a man's space. And men are very harsh. I've heard now, listen, I don't know everybody in the man's sphere. I don't mean probably know anybody in the man's sphere. But when I do, excuse me, have an opportunity to listen to people in the man's sphere, sometimes it's very condescending. And they don't even want to hear what the women are saying. Right away, you're arguing, you're not listening. You know, that's the tone that they take instead of just having a conversation because for me, I'm here to learn from you if I would be the one that, you know, I'm here to learn. But often it's not received that way. It's almost like we don't want you in our space. It's frustration. And if that's what it is, you're not going to get women to come up because it's going to be very embarrassing to them. And they're going to fear that they say the wrong thing. The men are going to jump all over them.  Women who they may be in some form of delusion, they might do it. But ladies who are modest, who are meek, who are just trying to get information, the information and don't have all the answers. They're not they're not going to come up. They're going to just kind of listen in from the background and get bits and pieces from what they can understand. And they'll come to me. I have a lot. I have not a lot, still not a lot. But I have a few younger women that are coming and saying, I'm taking no security box. Tell me about this. Tell me about that. Because they do want to be wives. They do want to be married. They do want that life, but they're not talking loud. They're not they're not kicking down any doors. They're sitting in the background like, no, I'm not going to say it because they're a little bit a little anxious to say something. They will not come up. So I actually have an opposite critique. I think there should be more women who found success in these things in the space. Currently, the women in this space have not they're not walking the talk. So why do you think that is? And I want you to talk more about your platform and how what what made you convicted to even start doing this in the first place? Well, going back to the initial question, you're not going to find it because married happy married couples are not on YouTube. They out somewhere and join themselves. That's why that's why you're not going to find it. But since I am here, I have men and women come in all the time, scared about 19 years, scared about 25 years. So there are a lot of married folks out here that I happily married, but it's no representation of because it's not on YouTube. It's not on social media. So you're not going to find it, but they're out there. The other thing is my husband and I started this because it actually started with our professional page. And I used to have so many people coming into our office talking about relationships and I don't even know how we got there. It could be like in the first 10 minutes to be an interview, an applicant comes in and it's an interview for a job. Spoke mostly men 10 minutes after he's telling me my baby mama did this. My mom, I was like, serious right now. And so I would end up talking to these people sometimes for hours. And my husband was like, you know what, we got to get to some video. This is just not real. So we did that, but it was a professional page. And I had a lot of things going on on that page. And it was like, you can't do this. So we separated in September. It got lost. And in September of last year, we started unsolicited. So that's I've only been doing a solicited a short period of time, although I've been doing this in my life, but I'm solicited on this started about six months ago. So that's that's why. And it's because I want to help people. I advocate for men. I hate to see a manager spare. Doesn't make any sense. Because where are we going to go? What happens when you all are no longer? Or you have alternative lifestyles in jail or there are no more brown babies? What happens to us? That's like a lawless society. Nobody gets to come in my house and take anything from me. So we got to make sure that we're strong enough to go on into these next generations. But if nobody sees it like that and people are men, divesting.  Or, you know, there are no more babies that I don't like the way that sounds to me. You know, if we really think we had a problem before, we'll have a real problem. You know, the takeover is real easy if there's no men, because there's not many of us that know how to shoot guns and protect ourselves when necessary. So I fight for that. I think I mean, I don't know why anyone would think we don't need men, but we do. There's a book by a man named Warren Ferrell. I think he's a doctor in psychology. And it's called The Boy Crisis. And he talks about the fact that boys are under performing currently, particularly black boys. And they are behind reading level, math. They're way behind girls of their same age. And inevitably that leads them to prison. That leads them to depression, substance abuse, the whole nine, especially in our community. From a woman's perspective, from a mother's perspective, from an elder's perspective, from a business owner and successful business person's perspective, what is going on with boys? I don't think there's anything new. I think boys have always been behind in school age, like elementary. I think that's always been the case. And it's mostly because they're not interested. Now, if we need to redo the schools or... That's a hard thing, because education, I believe in education, but do people have the money to make sure these kids get the right education? No, they don't. So that's just how that's gonna be.  I would send my child to military school way early. I would shelter that young man and make sure he got everything he needed as a child. I wouldn't let him out here in this big old world to think and have all those influences from public schools and things of that nature. I wouldn't allow that. But that's not my situation. So that's just the circumstances that we're in. And if you can't get the parents to understand that that's what's going on, then we're gonna have that. Now, does it lead to incarceration? Yes, it does. But again, I don't think there's anything new. We just have to get behind each other and I don't know how we're going to do that. But we got to get the community, the nuclear family has to exist before we can do what you're talking about, what you mentioned. And if we can't get the husbands, the men to marry the women, we can't get the nuclear family back. So that's what we're gonna have. So that is something I even talked about a solution. And everybody was like, that sounded pretty good, but you can't make anybody. I even said that if a man, a young boy, 16, 17, 18, has a child, impregnates a woman, he must marry her. Must. She must marry him. And then that first five years of that marriage, of that child's life, we will take care of them. We will teach them how to be parents. We would make sure they have a job, whatever they needed. The village. Everybody. Well, even the federal government. Because you always incentivize in single family households why you can't incentivize a young person that made a mistake getting married and saying, okay, I'm gonna make it right. First five years, and then after that first five years, that fifth year, you put them in a home. This is a married couple. Put them in a home. Teach them everything they needed to know about being married, about being parents, about having a career, everything. Even if you had to take care of what you call it, hand to foot, whatever. Whatever we had to do to make sure that they were successful. Why not do that? Because if you don't wanna be a part of it, then you won't participate in that whole program. Maybe you'll think, I'll be accountable for having sex.  And it's not an option. If you don't wanna marry her, we don't take care of neither one of you. No more federal government. No more nothing. No childcare resources, nothing. You figure out a way. Because I've already told you how we're gonna take care of you. But you can't just keep on creating single family homes or these young girls with these babies by themselves. It's not working. So why not try something different? And see again, I don't see anything wrong with being married. And I think it will lend to the thought of, I'm not gonna lay down with someone that I'm not willing to marry. So it changes the whole mindset. But right now, nobody's willing to change the mindset. It's always, no, everybody don't wanna be married.  So it is far easier to build strong children than repair broken men. I still try to repair broken men. Yeah, why do you say it's harder? I think it's a Frederick Douglass quote, I believe. One of the, you know, blacks. I think I'm envisioning a broken man that wants to change though. And that was my question. How do you view be habilitation?   You first have to be accountable for whatever it is that you did wrong, those mistakes. Once you account for those mistakes, that mindset can stop right then. Because now you say, oh, now I honestly know what I did. Now I know, I'm an adult now. I know what I did wrong. And you never have to do it again. Because the problem we have is we never account for what we do wrong. So we never crystal clear, see what we did wrong. We still keep doing little bits and pieces of it, thinking that one day we're gonna get it right, even though it was wrong. But when you can make a total account for what I did wrong, then you can change your mindset. And that's all it takes. I did a video on this, where a woman, this was a meetup scenario. A woman had five kids, different baby daddies. And I think she can recover. Everybody was like, no, she can't. I'm like, yes, she can.  So now once that child, that last one gets old enough that they can fend for themselves, she can, at that time, once she's accounted for what she's done, go back out there and get the mandates for her. But she first owes those years to those kids, because that's what she did. Now if she could admit to that, because it's got to be wisdom in saying I'm five kids by myself.  And all she gotta do is say, you know what, I did it. It was me. Yeah, there was some men involved, but guess what? I didn't have to sleep with them. Guess what? They're here with me. Count for it. And she won't ever have to make that decision again. That mistake again.  But you know, I don't know. That takes a lot. That takes them growing up to do, right? But her mindset can change from that point on, cause she's like, no, I know how I got here. Protected sex, I'll never do that again.  Whatever the situation may be, she can rectify it once she accounts for it. And I think a man can too. To close out, what is your overarching? Like when you're old and people come to you for wisdom and for advice. What, if there's one sentence, one phrase that you can leave people with, like what is your principle on life, on love, on however you wanna go with? Everything is spiritual, that's what I say. Pay attention and just submit. I say this almost every day, in some way. I say, now my husband always tells me, you never speak in sentences, you just think people get it. I say, well, that's what he gives me, so I have to give them what he gives me. But everything is spiritual. See, we walk around thinking everything is, there's nothing by chance, even you and I talking. This is designed for a reason, for somebody, for someday, whatever. And that's how I think. And I'm gonna tell you something else, crazy. I was sitting outside, not too long ago, and I heard the trees talking, they really talk. So, we give you something to look forward to, it's real. And if we can get that, then we'll realize that we don't have as much control as we think. And if you just submit to life and what it brings you, it can be very good. But we want to adapt so much to what's going on in the world. See, I acknowledge what the world has. I acknowledge, because I'll be a fool not to. I acknowledge there's men and carrying guns and things of that nature. But I want to accept that for my life. There's something bigger for me. And I think when people realize that there's something bigger for them and we all have a purpose, then they'll be okay. But when we just walk around here, I'm doing it because they said, dude, this is what we're doing now. I'm like, I don't care. Okay, this is what we're doing. So that's what I would leave somebody with. It's bigger than just what we think. It's bigger than this world. So, that's how I would leave it.


Navy Recruiting Command recognized its 2013 recruiters of the year Wednesday night at the Navy Memorial in Washington, D.C. These recruiters were selected for more than 4,000 recruiters around the globe. As far as the Navy is concerned, we have our ups and downs. The thing to remember is that we are doing a very important mission at all times, whether you're recruiting, whether you're a CB, whether you're on a ship, on cruise, on watch right now. The thing to remember is that what you're doing is important. And as far as something to keep in the back of your head at all times is, your family is your support cell. At all times, you need to be 100% dedicated to your family. The Navy is a great thing, but without family, we're nothing. The winners were selected for their significant contributions and support of Navy Recruiting Command. From the Defense Media Activity, I'm Petty Officer Jen Blake.