Good morning and thank you for tuning in. I'm Elizabeth DePompe with Disabled American Veterans and I'm joined by DAV Benefits Advocate Jackie Graham. Today, in recognition of Sexual Assault Awareness Month, we'll be talking about filing claims related to military sexual trauma.  This includes everything from lewd remarks to forced or coerced sexual encounters. An estimated one in three female veterans and one in 100 male veterans in the VA healthcare system report experiencing MST. Jackie is a DAV Associate National Service Officer based in Bay Pines, Florida, where she assists veterans with benefits claims, including claims related to MST. She is an Army veteran and former medic and has been a veteran's advocate since 2010, including five years in counting with DAV. Jackie, thank you so much for joining us today. Thank you. Can you start by giving us a sense of how often you're helping veterans with MST claims? It's difficult to provide an exact number as some PTSD claims, depression claims, anxiety claims are also MST claims, but not labeled as MST claims. Some of this is due to the stigma some people have about MST or even PTSD today. To be frank, there's some people who have a purple heart from combat in Vietnam that don't want to be rated for PTSD because of the stigma they feel that's there. As a reference for numbers though, I'd say personally I'm working on about three female cases and four male cases at this time. And every NSO across the nation probably works about four MST cases a month. But all in all in total though, there's really no possible way to give an exact number. Yeah, and I'm glad you mentioned to you kind of broke it down by male and female cases. Just another reminder that while statistically this this impacts female veterans more so than men, men are certainly impacted by this. And we also know those kind of numbers can be under reported. Absolutely. Can you describe the types of MST cases that come across your desk? Well, there's really no typical case because every case is individual to the person. It's kind of like a snowflake. They all look the same until you get up close and personal. And then each case is unique and different. What triggers one person may not be a trigger for the next person, even though they went through a similar event. For some people, it's the event itself is a trigger. And for others, it could be a smell or a sound like just the smell of a specific shampoo or cologne could be a trigger for somebody else. There's just not a typical case. It's very uniquely each person. Yeah. What are some of the common ways that you see MST affect veterans lives? From my experience, it destroys their lives.  There's times when I'm talking to a veteran and I feel as if I'm literally pulling them off of the ledge, like wrapping my arms around them and pulling them over to the DAV, you know, let us help you. Sometimes they're in such a dark space that they can't find that light. They can't find that little silver ray, you know, silver lining. And people with MST have trouble with relationships. They've trouble going to the grocery store. Some of them have trouble being a parent. It really destroys their life. Yeah, it absolutely affects or can affect every part of a veteran's life. And then especially if they've not been getting treatment or care for that, you know, for years, we know a lot of people are getting delayed care for various reasons. I'm sure that just compacts those issues even more. It does. Sometimes it's difficult for them to get care because they're not service connected yet and it's not recognized. And so it's hard for them to get in the care system. Right. So in your experience, what do you see when a veteran tries to handle their MST claim on their own? And how can DAV help? It doesn't work.  I tell my veterans it's my job to stress for them. So they don't have to. They provide all the information they can. We put it together and, you know, we help them sort through the best way to present it. DAV is their shield. We tell them what they need to do, what to expect, how to, we guide them through the process. And we're literally there for them every step of the way. Yeah, I know that's something when we, when you and I previously talked that you stressed a lot. Like that's, that's why you're here. That's why benefits advocates are here. You all can help kind of carry that burden, especially through, you know, this, this claims process. Can you, I'm sorry, when someone comes to you with an MST claim, how do you approach it? And how is it maybe different or not different from other claims? I treat every claim as if it was my own claim. When you sit, when I sit down with you, I think what would I want you to do for me on my claim? What's the action I take for you? So I handle all claims with compassion and attention to detail.  So can you walk through to some of the steps involved in filing an MST claim? Absolutely. When a veteran first comes to us, if we don't have representation, we need them to complete a VA form 21-22, which grants us representation. We can see their file. We can access their information. There's some things we can find for them and some things we can't. We encourage them to do the VA form 21-0966, which is an intent to file. It protects their data claims. So if we submit the intent to file on March 3rd and it takes us six months to get all their paperwork together, their effective date would be March 3rd, the date of the intent to file. So it protects their data claim. So I encourage veterans to do that one. The VA form 21-526Z is the formal application. That's where we fill out all the information the VA needs and list the contentions that we're filing for. And then for MST or PTSD, we file the VA form 21-0781A. This is the form. It's called a statement of support of claim for service connection for PTSD secondary to personal assault. This form is used. The veteran needs to list as much information as they can remember as far as date, time, event, everything. And the VA uses that to verify and validate that the incident happened or as much as they can verify and validate. Because MST is one of those that's very difficult to say it definitely happened. Here's the paperwork because so much, so often it's not reported. The other thing is securing any lay statements or any other evidence that we might need. If they spoke with their chaplain or they spoke with family member wrote a letter, things like that could help the VA too. And I want to talk a little bit more about markers in a second. But I know I've heard from some veterans who experienced MSTs, the claims process can be re-traumatizing. And, you know, when you're talking about needing to open up and to, you know, share that experience all over again. Just any kind of words of encouragement or advice to folks who just heard you and thought, oh gosh, I don't want to go through re-sharing that. Well, I can go back to the DAVs with you every step of the way. Where your shield. We're going to walk you through it. We're going to help prepare you. If you talk about it with us, it'll be easier for you to talk about it with the compensation examiner. Or, you know, a lot of times I'll tell my veterans, okay, send me an email and tell me what happened. Let me help you put what needs to be on the 0781A form. Let me put it together for you so it makes sense to the VA. Because sometimes when you're talking about an emotional event, you're talking from the heart versus getting the factual information out there that the VA needs. And so if the veteran emails me and says, here's my story, here's what happened. And I can go through and pick out what needs to go where on that form and literally put it together for them. They still have to sign it, but I can put it together for them. You know, so you talked about, especially with sexual assault cases, it can be hard to have those kind of documents and hard evidence. Tell us what markers are and why those are important in MST cases. Markers are things that the VA looks for. So if you have an MST case and you don't have all the lined up documents of you reported it to the authorities at the time, there's no documentation. The VA will look in your record for markers. They look for things such as episodes of depression or panic attacks, anxiety without identifiable reasons. They'll look for visits to a medical or clinic or dispensary without a specific diagnosis or ailment. They'll look for an increased interest of pregnancy tests or tests of STDs including HIV around the incident. They look for decreased or increased use of prescription medication, increased use of over-the-counter medication, alcohol or drug abuse, obsessive behavior such as overeating or under eating. So there's more markers out there, but these are the things the VA looks for. So you say this incident happened at this time frame. They look in your record to see is there any markers that they can hang their hat on to say maybe this is a result of that incident. And it's a way to help the veteran by having markers to look for. Yeah, because again, we know that so many people who experience MST don't report it and they might not want to file a claim because they feel like they don't have documents or a paper trail. And so I think it's important for folks to know that there is a lot more to it and a lot more that VA looks for.  Absolutely. What else can you tell us about what veterans should be prepared for when they go to file an MST claim? They need to be prepared to tell their story because they have to sit down with an examiner. Once we get the claim submitted, they're going to have to sit down with an examiner, someone they've never met, someone they don't have a trust fund with. They're going to have to sit down with them and they're going to have to tell their story. And you know examiners are just like people. You get some really great examiners and then you get some examiners that you just wonder why they're doing what they're doing to be honest. But the veteran needs to remember when you go to that exam, you have to put everything on the table, you know, and recounting the event could cause triggers for the veteran. And I recommend that they have a support person on standby. Have someone go with you to the appointment. So when you come out of that appointment, you may feel drained or you may feel exhausted that you just went through this all over again. Have that support system there for you. Have that person to just lean on when you're there. You know, the other thing is that the veteran has to be prepared for pushback because they're putting their story out there. They're opening themselves up and they have to for the exam, but they may feel the examiner doesn't believe them. They may feel the VA doesn't believe them, but you need to be prepared for the pushback that may just be your perception. But you need to remember above all else that the DAV is there for you and you're not alone. Even if the VA denies the claim, there's still avenues that the DAV and the veteran can take to achieve service connection. No, doesn't mean it's done. Yeah, I'm glad you said that that's important to know. I think that's great advice to have your support system kind of at the ready, whether that's a person with you or just someone you know you can call immediately after. And then just being kind of mentally prepared knowing that it's going to be tough. It's okay that it's tough. It's normal and that there are, you know, again, their support. There's DAV and your own personal support system out there for you. Why do this? What is the benefit of getting service connection related to MST? For most people, I think it's the validation. It's being recognized for what they went through and acknowledging that it happened. You know, this alone can change the life of a veteran.  And you know, for some, it's the monetary compensation changes their life because all these years they've been dealing with this event. It's never been validated, never been recognized. And they're unable to make ends meet because they can't hold a job. Their entire life has been affected by it. And the validation and recognition, I think, helps some of them hold their head high and the monetary value helps some of them for the first time in their life. Take care of themselves. Yeah. And what would you say to someone who's still feeling hesitant about filing a claim?  You earned a DD 214. You signed your name on the check willing to pay the debt with your life if you were asked to. Just because that check wasn't cash doesn't mean you haven't earned this. Counseling is hard and you have to have counseling with an MST claim. And even though counseling is hard, it's rewarding at the same time. You have to find the counselor that is your puzzle piece, the one that fits you. And once you find that puzzle piece, the connection in counseling is helpful. And I'll tell people that counseling is like telling your kid to clean the bedroom, but you're the kid. So you tell your kid to go clean the bedroom and they say it's done. And you walk in there and something seems amiss, something seems off.    And this is where counseling is hard because now you're facing all this stuff that you've put away and hidden and tucked in corners. But then you pick up one item because everything has a home, everything has a place, whether it's in the trash can, whether it's in the Goodwill box or on a shelf. You pick up each item and you find a home for that item. And once you find its home, you put it there and you pick up another item and you keep going item after item and eventually, eventually you can see the bedspread again. And this is when counseling starts to become rewarding and the overwhelming feeling starts to dissipate because now you're seeing the end. You're seeing, okay, things have a home. I can deal with this. I can work with this. And you never forget the event. You never do. But you learn to live with it and you learn to manage it. So counseling, I tell people all the time, counseling is hard in the beginning. It's worse than you can ever imagine in the beginning, but eventually you get to that happy place where, okay, I can do this. Yeah. And now not only are you doing it, you don't have things hidden in the background. You've dealt with everything. And it does make it easier. Yeah, I love that analogy. I can say anecdotally, some of the veterans I've spoken to who experienced MST and, I mean, they credit counseling and good counselors, including through the VA for really saving their lives and just making such a huge difference. So thank you for talking about that. Jackie, thank you so much for being here and talking about this. Thank you for your service and your continued service today and helping veterans with their claims. To those watching, please visit benefitsquestions.org to locate a DAV benefits advocate near you. For more information and resources, you can also visit dav.org slash military dash sexual dash trauma. If you need immediate confidential crisis support, call the Veterans Crisis Line now by dialing 988 then press one, or you can visit veteranscrisisline.net. You can call, text, or chat online with caring qualified VA responders, many of whom are veterans or family members of veterans themselves. Lastly, we encourage folks to support DAV backed legislation related to MST to help us improve services and access to care. You can find all DAV supported legislation by visiting the DAV Commanders Action Network at davcan.org. The Commanders Action Network keeps you updated on legislation affecting veterans and their families and allows you to directly contact your representatives in Congress to advocate for issues important to you. Jackie, thank you again. Thank you all for tuning in and have a good afternoon.


Hey, welcome back everybody. Jeff Frick here with theCUBE. It's 2018, we just got out of the CES show and all the Rages Autonomous Vehicles. You can't get away from it. That's what everybody's talking about. Tesla just announced their autonomous truck, their autonomous roadster. We're here in Palo Alto, right on San Antonio Road and Google X and Waymo's right up the street. So everyone's all about autonomous vehicles but we're excited to be here at Phantom Auto and they're taking a slightly different approach for a slightly different problem. We're excited to have Shay Maximoff. He is the co-founder and CEO of Phantom Auto. Shay, great to see you. Nice to see you too, yeah. So, Phantom Auto, you guys just got back from CES.  You were actually driving people all over the streets. We were driving on the strip, yeah, yeah. We were actually, we were picking up people from the hotel lobby, you know. So we developed guys who would let us in with an empty vehicle. These videos are actually also online and we drove them off the strip and back to the hotel or to another destination. Okay, so you, but you're doing a whole different thing. So you do not have an autonomous vehicle here. It's not an autonomous vehicle. You are the ultimate chauffeur driven vehicle. Right, right. So again, for the show, we did our job to show that a vehicle can drive without a driver in the driver's seat but what we do is actually a safety solution for autonomous vehicles. Okay. And that safety is basically what happens if an autonomous vehicle, artificial intelligence doesn't work. I would say there is something that you cannot see or something that, you know, non-identified object, road construction areas, severe weather conditions. All this stuff happened all the time. Okay. And autonomous vehicles may struggle with this situation. So Phantom Auto provides a solution that we work with these companies, right? We provide them that solution that allows remote operation. Right, right. So a driver will connect remotely, yeah. So let's back up a couple steps. So autonomous vehicles are meant for no driver. You guys have a driver that you're really assisted driving with a person from a remote location. So how do you describe that in a short category? I'm sure the analysts want you to have a category. Yeah, yeah. The category would be the same way you think about air traffic control, right? Or any type of control center, like coal control centers, right?  Right. This, in our case, is sitting in computers with steering wheels, which we'll see that later. And they can connect to a vehicle remotely. And when they move the steering wheel or press the gas or brake, it would actually happen in real time. Right. So we have this software that allows this real-time critical communication for autonomous vehicles. Now what's weird is when we first heard about you guys, I'm thinking, okay, what is the use case? Am I going to send the Phantom Auto to go pick up my 100-year-old grandfather who probably shouldn't be driving anymore? No. Where you're escorting it, but really it's a very different application. And I don't think most people understand that in autonomous vehicles, there's a whole lot of use cases still that they haven't quite figured out. My favorite one is when two of them pull up to a four-way stop and neither of them wants to go first. And they get stuck in a friendly lock, right? They get a favor logger. Some poor kid has his foot in the intersection and is trying to wave the car through it and won't go through. So it's corner cases that you guys are all about to really enable that next stage of machine learning for autonomous vehicles. Yeah, so when I started a company, right, I was, I'm a big believer in autonomous vehicle. I wanted to make them happen faster and sooner because it's a life-saving technology. This is gonna change the world. We all want it faster. Now, the reason why we're still not there yet is because there are many corner cases, edge cases, these situations where the machine didn't train enough for, right? Right. And in this situation, we provide a cover, right? So we have a person that would sit in an office. He doesn't have to be so close nearby. When we were in Vegas a couple of weeks ago, the driver was in Mountain View. So Mountain View, California, Silicon Valley, to Vegas. And he moved the steering wheel and he moves it a little time. But he's driving the car. Yeah. So one of the great knocks on cloud, right, is latency. And clearly the use case that's always brought up, right, is if you're in a self-driving car, you don't have time for the day to get it to the cloud and back to make a decision if a little ball rolls out into the street. So latency's a big issue. How do you guys deal with the latency issue? Well, that's our secret sauce, obviously, but I'm happy to share as much as I can. Yeah. The high level description would be we connect multiple networks at the same time. So we would usually have only AT&T in your cell phone, right? Or in your car. And then we have AT&T, Verizon, and T-Mobile, and a few networks, right? All of these together are bonded. And once they're bonded, you get a much stronger connection. It sounds maybe easy. Okay, so let's plug a few phones and get a really good connection. But it's much more complicated than that. We share and split the data across multiple networks at the same time. We prioritize the data. So like a break is very important, right? So if the remote operator is pressing the break, you want it to be first in the vehicle where the right side of the camera is not as critical, right? So lower latency for the break and then a little bit higher latency for something less important. Oh, so you've got dynamic kind of latency, actually. It's all dynamic real time. So that's what we do. That's our real core, right? We provide this communication, real time, critical layer of communication for the video streaming and back of the data from the remote operator back and forth all the time. Okay, so that's one big piece of it. Another big piece of it is the communications between the occupants and the vehicle and the driver. Another really important piece that, you know, obviously most people aren't thinking about for autonomous vehicles because they don't know that use case, but that's a pretty important piece of your solution. Yeah, that's a big one. I'd say that for this, I mean, you don't need to do a lot of innovation, right? It could be a simple call with a driver remotely, but we're all about safety, right? And we're all about giving passengers this even psychological trust, right? And it is true.  Same thing with autonomous vehicles. So we provide a safety and service layer. On the safety side, it's about assisting the vehicle when there is an emergency. It could be post-emergency or before it happens.  Even if the driver remotely wouldn't actually drive the car, you still wouldn't be able to talk to somebody, right? So I'd start with, you know, first the person, the driver, the human being would greet you when he enter a vehicle. It's an autonomous vehicle. He would say, hello. You know, how are you? Nice to meet you. My name is, you know, let's say Ben, right? Ben is going to be your driver soon. And Ben is going to tell you that whenever you need to, whenever you have a problem, if you need any assistance, he would be there for you. That already gives you like a whole different type of experience. And when you leave the vehicle to, he's not going to be there all the time engaged with the car. The car is going to drive on an autonomous, you know, AV system, right? But at least he's there in case you need him. Right. And again, the attention thing, which is an issue, you see with some of the test autonomous cars out there, where we were talking before we turned the cameras on, where the engineers like got his hands ready to grab the wheel if there's an emergency. That's not really Ben's role here. The car is going to take an evasive action in terms of emergency. Yeah, this is not a test driver. It's more to get out of this, out of like these weird quarter cases, as you said. Correct. It's not a test driver. Today, most of autonomous vehicle companies still require to amend it. It's actually legal. I mean, by the regs, you have to have a person in the car. Right, right. We also have a person in the car. And we do that same thing. Although, when Ben is driving, he's not replacing that person. He's just assisting when the autonomous vehicle system would have an issue. Right. So the next thing, I think, is pretty interesting about your company. As you said, you're a software company, but there's hardware components. You can see the back of the car, and we'll take some film of the driving station. But you use a lot of off-the-shelf, really simple hardware to execute this. There's Logitech, little steering wheels over there. It feels like a big video game. We've got the big Curve Samson screens, basic cameras on the car. Talk about the opportunity to build a software company, and you're leveraging somebody else's autonomous vehicle technology to really get in the middle of this with just software. Pretty cool opportunity.  Because it was kind of plugging into the hardware and the software. I did it together with the team, also here in the office. And obviously it was more challenging because from a software person to try and build this hardware, it was more challenging.  You buy on eBay at part you need and you plug it in and it will just work. So again, we did a lot of iteration. I'd say we spent a bit more money than we were supposed to. Of course. But now it works. Right. And then the last piece of the puzzle that I think is fascinating is the way that you're gonna integrate in with other people's autonomous vehicles. So again, we talked about Waymo up the street, the Google one, Uber's working on there as Volvo. Every day you read about BMW, et cetera, et cetera. So you really get to take advantage of those hardware systems, the sensor systems, the control systems, not only from those autonomous vehicles, but you're seeing now all this stuff that's coming in factory, right? Avoidance collision and radar and all types of sensors. So you will have to be able to take advantage of those different platforms, right? And integrate your system into those various platforms. Right. So we would work with the company. Let's say if it's a, you know, one of the big OEMs of right-sharing companies, we would know how their vehicle is set up. All we need for our solution to work is a bunch of cameras and a few modems, right? So cameras everybody have. It's one of the most essential things in an autonomous vehicle. Right, right. And we would just, you know, tag into these cameras, use the modems that we need for the software to run. And that's about it, right? So it's a pretty straightforward solution to allow remote control and assistance for autonomous vehicles. So I'm just curious when you're talking to customers or potential partners, what is the piece that really resonates with them when you kind of explain your solution and how it fits in with what they're trying to accomplish? Right, so our solution is, you know, really trying to help them reach market faster, right? So we're not replacing anybody's work, right? We're adding another layer of support and safety. So when your, you know, computer crash, when your software crash in the car, we're gonna be there, you know, with another redundancy system to support with the driver remotely. So that's what we do, you know, at the service level. Okay, so can we go take a drive? Yeah, sure, let's do it. We're gonna check out, we're gonna take a drive. We'll see you in the car. Thanks for watching.


we're on the way to Watson's Bay. What a beautiful sight. It just sorts out the old Nishama doesn't it? I mean how to put you in a place of awe, right? It's like going to Yosemite. Refreshing, rejuvenating, recharging. Man, every care and concern I had in Los Angeles is now gone. And did those feet in ancient times walk upon Sydney Harbour of the Green? It was the Holy Lamb of God. This is where he came, mate. Look at that. Watson's Bay. We're at the entry to Sydney Harbour.  This will sort you right out. Matthew McConaughey, the president. Come on, just because he's cool. Come on. Richard as with the background in theatre, right? He sees everything in very theatrical ways, in aesthetic ways. Wow, look at, is that a Sheila? Even the Sheila's down here, they're tough. So yeah, Richard sees things in very aesthetic terms. What's cool? Matthew McConaughey is cool, what looks good, what would make for good theatrical production. Like Richard's life is one I'm going theatrical production. And his sense of the theatrical makes him so compelling and wonderfully entertaining. So on this walk I was talking to someone from Holland and I was assuming they had all sorts of legal drugs in Holland, but apparently only marijuana. So even in Decadent Holland, haven't legalized psychedelics, heroin, opium, cocaine. What are we doing there? Drugs are really cool if they're illegal. Yeah, there's a mindset. I guess when things are illegal, they're more cool. Certain badass mindset. I gotta kind of imagine climbing this cliff face. Unbelievable. What do you want to say about Cuckoo? What kind of disorder like 10 years ago and then it was official recently? And you drive by and there's just these like dispensaries, or dispensaries when everything.  I don't want to be driving, like this is normal now. Like I don't like, I just have a visceral, like I get some reactionary, just like that. So yeah, I've noticed that marijuana tends to have a negative effect on people and tends to make people losers. So maybe one out of 100 people who read Mind Calm for Kevin McDonald's cultural critique go off the rails. But 10%, 20%, 30% of people try marijuana and it seems to become losers, seems to have a negative effect on them. So yeah, I share Richard's absolute distaste with marijuana. Because we do have cocaine, it's a bit like happy 80s dance music. When you think of marijuana, it's just like pretty slow and really did the end of music. It doesn't really have any meaning. Yeah, it's like a 20 minute jam session of The Grateful Dead where there's like, yeah. By the way, Richard, I have to ask you something a bit unrelated. Because there's one thing I don't understand is European. Because when we go to the polling booths and vote, we have to show our IDs. But for my understanding, it's like real controversial in America that you show your ID. So let's say you were voting today. I had to show my ID, yeah. Oh, so you did that? Okay. Well, I don't see, I don't... So yeah, pretty much everywhere in the Western world, you have to show voter ID. So if it's a racist, why is every other Western country doing it? But the United States. Now, I don't think there's evidence for massive amounts of voter fraud, but it's hard to make a convincing case that voter ID is so racist. Pretty much every other First World Nation requires voter ID. There's a Jewish phrase about washing your Neshama, your soul, and the wellsprings of Torah. You can also wash your Neshama, your soul, in the wellsprings of Sidney Haber.


I'm Robby Citell of the Government Information Librarian at the University of North Texas. She's dedicated to preservation and access to government information, specifically digital-borne information. And she's involved in a number of initiatives that raise awareness on this issue, including one that I'm involved with her on called Peggy, our Preserving Electronic Government Information. Thank you very much, Robby, for presenting today. Thanks so much for having me. So, as Linda said, I'm the Gov. Info Librarian at UNT, and we host a number of collections which I'll talk about. And to get started, I'm going to title this deep in the heart of Texas, Government Information Stars from the Portal to Texas History. So, as everyone knows, I'm a huge fan of Pee Wee Herman. I recently saw the movie, and so had to include that because it's kind of fun to watch. So, just a quick overview of what we do offer at UNT as far as digital collections. We have the UNT Digital Library, which many of you may already be familiar with. The UNT Digital Library actually grew out of partnership in 1997 between the GPO and UNT's Government Information Connection. This partnership harvested the ACIR, but this initial harvest eventually grew into what is now known as the Cyber Cemetery, which is a cornerstone collection for UNT's digital library. Today, the Government Information Connection at UNT is a fit net partner to the GPO, and we are also the only non-military university to be appointed as an affiliated archive of the National Archives and Records Administration. And with those partnerships, we participate in a number of projects, the Cyber Cemetery being the most prominent. As of September 19th, I just wanted to give some stats on what we have included in the digital library. We currently, in the UNT Digital Library, it hosts 31 partners of which the Government Information Connection is one, and provides access to over 430,000 items made up of over 16 million files. And since its beginning in 1997, the digital library has had over 23 million uses. And so a sister collection to this is the Portal to Texas History. The portal began in 2002 as a digital gateway to historical materials from private collectors and collaborative partners across the state of Texas, including library museums, archives, and other historical groups. Among those, we get the Government Information Connection at UNT as one of those partners. So today, the portal hosts over 965,000 items from 367 partner organizations, and since 2002 has seen over 40 million uses. For the purpose of today's presentation, I really am just focusing on some of the Government Information Collections that we host through the portal, but I would encourage anyone that is interested in general history or especially Texas history to make a point to go and peruse what we have. We have incredible newspaper collections, county and city archives from across the state, lots of stuff that would be of interest to genealogists or local historians. So if you have time to kill and like to go down rabbit holes, I encourage you all to do more exploring on your phones. So I'm going to start with the Texas Centric, Federal Government Information within the portal. There's a whole lot of Texas out there, and we want everyone to fund it. Okay, so the first collection I thought I'd talk about is the War of the Rebellion, which is a compilation of official records of Union and Confederate armies. Some of you may already be familiar with this collection. Although this is included in the portal to Texas history, it is a fully digitized run of the OR, as some people call it. So if you're not familiar with this, it is known as the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. Some people call it the War of the Rebellion. Other people call it the OR. It contains four series of volumes that cover military operations in the field, prisoners of war, and materials with Union and Confederate authorities. It's a 128 volume collection that was published between 1864 and 1901. And toward the end of the publishing run, they did do some comprehensive indexes. Those are also included in this digital collection. And then in the 1960s, I think Mero went back and did another set of indexes to make these materials easier to use. So these are among the most important sets of primary resources for any Civil War historians or those looking for personal accounts or military involvement within the Civil War. It does include firsthand accounts, orders, reports, maps, diagrams, and correspondence from both the war and Navy departments from both sides of the Confederate Union. And I included just a few snapshots of items within the collection. I showed just one entry for Texas. It includes a pictorial history, although that asserts indicates that the item is not included at the War Department Library, which is where most of the materials were housed that were indexed as part of the collection. And then it also notes, I don't know if you guys can see that in the final paragraph of the text excerpt, it asks people to submit materials, anything that might be relevant to the Civil War, and they would get postage paid on anything that they sent. And so I thought this was really fabulous because it might be one of the first notes of crowdsourced materials, so I thought it was just kind of cool. Okay, so we also have a Texas patents collection. The patents that we host through the portal of Texas History reflect patents that were filed by Texas Inventors prior to 1900, and a majority of these patents are for agricultural-industrial applications. The addition of this collection predated my joining UNT, so I went back and answered the 15 official libraries, why they decided to include the patents as one of the collections. And he noted that they had the ability to do it, and we have the collection, and so they might as well do it. But now it actually serves as a teaching tool, several of our faculty librarians are adjuncts within our library school, and they use this collection to teach students how to work with metadata, so that's just a little side note. And I think that patents, personally, I think patents are a treasure trove of primary source information that illustrates technological, economic, and social goings-on during a specific period in American history. I pulled three examples of abdominal support systems. These were all invented by and intended for use by women, and they all, if you read the patent letters that accompany the drawings, they all have very specific end-usics, so it's just a little fascinating collection that's kind of an unsung hero. Okay, so we also have quite a few maps within the digital libraries, especially the portal. I'm showing two examples today, the USGS photographic maps and the census maps. And I wanted to point out these collections simply because this might be one of the first collections that we harvested from existing digital content. I don't know if anybody out there knows, Mark Phillips, who's the associate dean for digital libraries, but he comes from a family of Skuptox librarians, his mom and dad both worked with the Skuptox collections at Oklahoma State University. And so I think that Mark sometimes just thinks of Skuptox collections that he would like to include in the digital libraries, just like wakes up in the middle of the night with a whim and says, hey, I'm going to go out and harvest that collection. And so that is in part why we have these collections here, but for those of you that were active in documents when we had the government shut down in 2012, I think that was a lot of these collections went dark, especially the census collection. So having a backup of these materials is vitally important. So even though it is duplicated content, lots of copies keep subtext. And then just a note about the one on the right is a USGS TOPA map for Rockport, Texas, which was recently devastated by a hurricane. And then the one on the left is a census block map of my neighborhood. And then we do have, okay, so we do host several collections that are Texas government information, among which are the general and special laws of the state of Texas and the Texas laws and resolutions. I'm not sure who's familiar with state government in Texas, but it's crazy. We meet every two years, our legislature meets every two years for only 140 days, but it seems that whenever they meet it has national repercussions. And we, every two years also in Texas, host a constitutional amendment election. So this year actually in November we're voting on a number of constitutional amendments because in Texas it's not enough just to pass a law, you also have to amend the constitution constantly. So we have one of the most amended constitutions across the US and it's mayhem, it's very hard to kind of get your grasp on it. So in hopes to maybe assist our state constituencies or outside observers in better understanding what we do in the state of Texas, we do host these collections of legislative materials. So the general and special laws of Texas are also known as session laws, and this is the complete set of those passed into law during each session of the Texas legislature. This collection begins with the 1931 volumes. We do also host the laws that predate the materials from 31. Those are actually known as gamels, laws of Texas, and those aren't technically a government vote connection collection, so I can include them, but you can find them. And this collection was eventually supplemented and supplanted by the Texas laws and resolutions collection. So I have on the screen the front matter for the general laws and then the two to the left are items that now reside in our Texas laws and resolutions. So that collection at the end of each legislative season, we go out and harvest the bills, joint resolutions, concurrent resolutions, anything that was passed by the state legislature during that session. We also include materials that were vetoed by the governor. So these materials begin with the 78th legislative session. I think we're in the 84th this year, but I could be wrong. So these are all keyword searchable and patrons can come in and find all matter of Texas laws. And next up are the House and Senate journals. These are the proceedings of the respective houses of the state legislature and include legislation, reports, discussions, votes, and other points of order. We had a patron come in in person recently that was looking for information about a family member that she thought had either been noted on the floor of one of the bodies of the state legislature and we went through a bunch of indexes and couldn't find anything and then did keyword search for the ancestor's name in these questions and was able to immediately find where he was mentioned and why and so that was kind of cool because it definitely makes short work of things that used to take a lot more time to research. I've included here just mentions of UNT as they occurred in the state and House journals. Page from the House journal is actually a note about a bill that was referred to committee that funded the library in which I worked. So that was kind of cool. So you can find all kinds of great little nuggets and points of interest. And then the final two questions I'm going to mention are the Texas Register and the Texas State Publications. And I wanted to mention these specifically and kind of end with these because these are questions in which we have ongoing memorandums of understanding with the Texas State Library and the Secretary of State. So we are the official institution of record for the Texas Register. They are still printed and distributed to any that are interested, but UNT does digitize and make available through the portal, the Texas Register. And when you go to the Texas Secretary of State's website and look for the electronic version of the Texas Register, you are redirected to UNT. So that's kind of a cool point to think for us. And then in 2008, the State Library discontinued our State Pository Program due to budget cuts. And at that time UNT and Texas Tech entered memorandums of understanding with the State Library in which we agreed to be the sort of digital library of record for Texas State Publications. And Texas Tech would continue to house and maintain and catalog these tangible materials. So we every year receive what would normally have been routed to State Positories and digitize those and make them available to all of Texas plus anybody that might be interested. So I've included just a few things here that might be of interest, a part guide, the Demographic Survey of Texas Library players, and then even a collection of comments by a public murida. This one is the University of Texas Press book, which I'm kind of surprised that you've included that. But if we get it through to Pository, we put it up for everybody to see. And so we're proud of both of these collections and the ongoing relationships that we have with the state to maintain and allow access to these materials. And we do, I just wanted to add a few notes. We don't do, we being me, I'm the Department Head for the Government Information Connection, which is a public service department that handles government information for the library. This is the library in the area. And Digital Libraries is a different unit of the UNT Library. And so they manage all of the digitization and harvest industry if we choose to harvest materials. But we do have an ongoing partnership, the Government Book Connection and Digital Libraries. So the Digital Libraries does all of the collecting, and then we in the Government Information Connection do the metadata side of things. So we assist with the discovery and public access to these materials. So we have students that create most of our metadata for us and we work closely with the Digital Libraries unit to train and maintain standards of metadata that they would like for us to adhere to. And so that's sort of how our relationship works. Most of these collections are collections that predate my joining UNT, but we are committed to continuing both the Government Book Connection and the UNT Digital Libraries committed to continuing making these materials available and growing these collections. So we also have in the past identified new collections to be added and hope to continue to do so and work for funding sources to make that happen. When you come to the portal to Texas History, this is what you see. It's very clean interface, easy to keyword search, and they've given you some examples of how to search. So using quotations will give you phrase searching abilities. There is at the bottom of this page, I want to scroll down so I want to make everybody nauseous, there is at the bottom of this page some help tips on how to do more advanced type searching. And then the way I usually start to search rather than just doing keyword is I actually want to come down slightly. I like to explore the collections. So if you come down, you can get to more advanced or guided search options. But I also like to explore by collection or by partner. So I'm going to start by partner just so you guys can see. And I'm going to come in and look just for the UNT Government Information Connection collection. For anybody that's on the webinar from Texas, we also the digital libraries offer what they call text treasures grant. And so that's where you at your home institution can identify a collection that you would like to have included in the portal to Texas History and you can apply for funding. And they will, they, the digital library will digitize those materials and then host it through the portal. That's a great way to get more content and to start getting your content. If you're not an institution that can support digital projects, then it's a great way to get your content out there. So I'm going to, if you click about, it will tell you a little bit about our department, how to find us. You can look at some of our information, some of our latest editions. You can also explore all of our holdings. So I'm going to explore all of our holdings. UNT Libraries, Digital Libraries does a great job of providing statistics on our collections. So if you're ever interested in knowing more about how things are accessed or how often they're accessed, the stats are out there for you. But if you explore holdings, it'll let you search by collection or by material type. You can also look by decade or language. A lot of the Texas state materials are published in other languages. We have a large number of Spanish language materials. A lot of the state materials are being released in Vietnamese. So we are broadening the language offerings to see what our state is offering. And you can look at other types of coverage that are included as well. So if you're interested in what our attorney general had to say, then you're welcome to come in and have a search. And so once I search, you'll see that my results were limited greatly by then if I were to click on this first one, just for example, it'll bring up that particular item that if I scroll down, if I scroll down slightly, you can see that it will take me straight to the pages in which my search term was found. So if I click there, it'll give me even a little breakout of what and where the search query was located in the document. So that's a pretty handy tool to have. And then you can always get back to where you want it to be. They do a great job of including breadcrumbs to get you back where you need it to be. So the home will actually take you all the way back home. Some of the materials are available as a PDF download. Some are not. Some are individual to file, so that's something to keep in mind. You can usually request higher-resolution copies of materials. So if there's a photograph or a poster that you're interested in having a high-rise tip for, we can generally provide that to you. If you request a high-resolution test of a larger document, we're probably going to decline that request just because it is time-consuming. And we'll only manage to send individual files of multiple pages of a document. So even when we get requests about that, we had a request recently from a gentleman, I think, in Sweden, Switzerland, that's part of an algae research program. And there's an old ag bulletin that we have in the digital library, and he wanted just maybe a half a dozen pages with images that they could include on their websites. We were happy to accommodate that type of request. Are there questions? I can't see the chat, but I can figure out how to bring this up. There was one question about whether or not y'all are the official repositories of the state. It doesn't sound like it. It's not official, no. But we do have that memorandum of understanding, and it was renewed, I think, two years ago. And then Jim is – some of the questions are coming to me privately, but Jim was asking what platform is used for the portal. Good question. Is that actually a homegrown platform? It's all built in-house. We also have our metadata standards. So although if you look at one of our records, you can pull a double-encore version of our metadata, but ours is not strictly adherent to double-encore. So here you can come in to look at the metadata. But yes, everything is built in-house, and it was recently changed – the platform was changed and updated, so those of you that have seen it before probably looks different now. And I did pull up the digital library, and the search functionality in the digital library is exactly the same. So if you're familiar with one, you become quickly familiar with the other. I have to say the harvesting of all the walls is pretty impressive. We started that a couple of years ago, and it's become more automated. And there's some information on that Texas Laws and Resolutions page that discusses it. The first year we had that collection, we had a student really engaged in creating metadata for that particular collection. But since then they were able to automate it so that our students have to do very little if they need to pull with that collection. Are they just pulling from the website? Yes. Oh, wow. So I think from the Secretary of State's website. Okay. Let me see if I can. Sorry, you make everybody nauseous by scrolling. And since I'm not in digital projects, I know the public side of it. I know how to find stuff. I know why people might be interested in using it. But some of the tech on the back end I'm not necessarily with. I do know that we use characteristics to do harvesting calls. Or could you talk a little bit about how you use this in teaching and integration classes? Yes. Great question. We had a couple of years ago now. I can't remember a class that was interested in local issues. I think it was even an English class. I don't know how they ended up doing that. But we were able to use the portal to look at some of the more localized issues that might affect people. So in Texas, as I'm sure some of you might be experiencing in your home states, they're doing a lot to take away local control. And so there's a lot going on here. So that's a great way to show how local control is being affected by those that are working their way through the state legislature. With the Texas Publications collection, we've also been able to take on some collections from local libraries that are discarding materials. So within that text publications, we have a large number of San Antonio municipal documents. And so that's a great way to learn if you have any of San Antonio or interested in San Antonio local issues to see what the municipal government was producing. We also, when Dallas Public decided to discard their state collection, we had that collection as well. And so we are hoping to use that to backfill in what we are able to provide access to through the portal. So our collections mainly start 2008 when the depository program was sensitive. But having those Dallas collections will allow us to backfill, hopefully, to the historic materials that most of us might still have on ourselves. Plus we're hoping that maybe there's some Dallas municipal materials in there that we can provide access to. Locally, we've not been a municipal depository. We've left that to the public library. So I love local government and would love to have more of that included. This totally doesn't answer your question, but just was a tangent that I ran off on. So I think with regard to teaching, because the portal is so broadly inclusive of materials, so you could find information in the Laws and Resolutions archive or in Gamma's Laws or the Session Laws, and then be able to couple that with the newspaper collection so that you're getting not just what was happening in the legislature, but also what was being discussed at the local level, because we do have a lot more. We are constantly adding to the newspaper collection. And so it would be a great way to look at especially local and energy issues. The one big thing we get here is, of course, we're doing it at UNCG. It's the slavery stuff. Do you have a window into that issue? That's a great question, because the earlier Laws would post-date Civil War, but the newspapers certainly would perhaps include legacy information. And we have Martin Halbert, who's now at UNCG. That used to be our dean has interest in that topic as well. And then we have a local faculty member that has done some text mining of the newspapers to look for escaped slave notices and tracked those. And that's just another cool way to use these collections too, is that if you have the technological wherewithal or a really smart student to help you, you can come in and mine these collections and then use that information elsewhere. So this gentleman has actually created some maps that track some of the escaped slave project. And so it's really cool. His name is, I think, Sean Treat. So if anybody felt interested, you could Google him up and see what he's done in that area. But it's primarily been mining the newspapers for advertisements for escaped slaves. And then even because we have the full of the War of the Rebellion, that may be of interest to people that are doing history of slavery or history of Civil War. I encourage everybody to take some time and explore both the portal and the digital library. We have government information collection collections. Our department is known as Govern Vote Connection. And we have collections, so it's a map full in both that may be of great interest. Well, thank you very much, Robbie, for going through this. Yeah, thank you.


Welcome back to AWS Storage Day. This is theCUBE's continuous coverage. My name is Dave Vellante. And we're going to talk about file storage. 80% of the world's data is in unstructured storage and most of that is in file format. Devs want infrastructure as code. They want to be able to provision and manage storage through an API and they want that cloud agility. They want to be able to scale up, scale down, pay by the drink. And the big news of Storage Day was really the partnership, deep partnership between AWS and NetApp and with me to talk about that is Ed Name, who's the general manager of Amazon FSX and Anthony Lai. Executive Vice President and GM of Public Cloud at NetApp, two CUBE alums. Great to see you guys again. Thanks for coming on. Thanks for having us, Dave. So Ed, let me start with you. You launched FSX 2018 at Reinvent. How is it being used today? Well, we've talked about FSX on the CUBE before, Dave, but let me start by recapping that FSX makes it easy to launch and run fully managed, feature rich, high performance file storage in the cloud. And we built FSX from the ground up, really to have the reliability, the scalability you were talking about, the simplicity to support a really wide range of workloads and applications. And with FSX customers choose the file system that powers their file storage with full access to the file systems, feature sets, the performance profiles and the data management capabilities. And so since Reinvent 2018, when we launched this service, we've offered two file system choices for customers. So the first was a Windows file server, and that's really storage built on top of Windows server designed as a really simple solution for Windows applications that require shared storage. And then Luster, which is an open source file system that's the world's most popular high performance file system. And the Amazon FSX model has really resonated strongly with customers for a few reasons. So first, for customers who currently managed network attached storage or NAS on premises, it's such an easy path to move their applications and their application data to the cloud. FSX works and feels like the NAS app appliances that they're used to, but added to all of that are the benefits of a fully managed cloud service. And second, for builders developing modern new apps it helps them deliver fast consistent experiences for Windows and Linux in a simple and an agile way. And then third, for research scientists, its storage performance and its capabilities for dealing with data at scale really make it a no brainer storage solution. And so as a result, the service is being used for a pretty wide spectrum of applications and workloads across industries. So I'll give you a couple of examples. So there's this class of what we call common enterprise IT use cases. So think of things like end user file shares, the corporate IT applications, content management systems, highly available database deployments. And then there's a variety of common line of business and vertical workloads that are running on FSX as well. So financial services, there's a lot of modeling and analytics workloads, life sciences, a lot of genomics analysis, meeting entertainment, rendering and transcoding and visual effects, automotive. We have a lot of electronic control unit simulations and object detection, semiconductor, a lot of EDA, electronic design automation and then oil and gas, seismic data processing, pretty common workload on FSX. And then there's a class of really ultra high performance workloads that are running on FSX as well. Think of things like big data analytics. So SAS grid is a common application, a lot of machine learning model training and then a lot of what people would consider traditional or classic high performance computing or HPC. Great, thank you for that. Just a quick follow up if I may and then I want to bring Anthony into the conversation. So why NetApp, this is not a Barney deal, this is a lot of elbow grease going into a Barney deal, you know, I love you, you love me, we do a press release, but why NetApp, why ONTAP, why now? Good, that was to you. Is that a question? Was that a question for Anthony? No, for you, Ed. And then I want to bring Anthony. Oh, sure, sorry. Okay, sure. Yeah, I mean, David really stemmed from both companies realizing combined offering would be highly valuable to and impactful for customers. In reality, we started collaborating in Amazon and NetApp on the service probably about two years ago and we really had a joint vision that we wanted to provide AWS customers with the full power of ONTAP, the complete ONTAP with every capability and with ONTAP's full performance but fully managed and offered as a full blown AWS native service. So what that would mean is that customers get all of ONTAP's benefits, along with the simplicity and the agility, the scalability, the security and the reliability of an AWS service. Great, thank you. So Anthony, I have watched NetApp reinvent itself, started at a work station, saw you go into the enterprise, and saw you lean into virtual. So you told me at least two years, it might have been three years ago, Dave, we are going all in on the cloud. We're going to lead this next chapter. And so I want you to bring in your perspective. You're reinventing NetApp yet again. What are your thoughts? Well, NetApp and AWS have had a very long relationship. I think it probably dates now about nine years. And what we really wanted to do in NetApp was give the most important constituent of all an experience that helped them progress their business. So ONTAP, the industry's leading shared storage platform, we wanted to make sure that in AWS it was as good as it was on premise. We love the idea of giving customers this wonderful concept of symmetry.  And we wanted to give not just those customers an opportunity to embrace the Amazon cloud, but we wanted to also extend the capabilities of ONTAP through FSX to a new customer audience, maybe those smaller companies that didn't really purchase on premise infrastructure, people that were born in the cloud. And of course, this gives us a great opportunity to present a fully managed ONTAP within the FSX platform to a lot of non-NetApp customers, to our competitors, customers Dave, that frankly haven't done the same as we've done. And I think we are the benefactors of it and we're in turn passing that innovation, that transformation onto the customers and the partners. You know, one is the key aspect here is that it's a managed service. I don't think that could be overstated. And the other is the cloud nativeness of this. Anthony, you mentioned marketplace is great, but there's some serious engineering going on here. So Ed, maybe start with the perspective of a managed service. I mean, what does that mean, the whole ball of wax? Yeah, I mean, what it means to a customer is they go into the AWS console or they go to the AWS SDK or the AWS CLI and they are easily able to provision a resource, provision a file system and it automatically will get built for them and there's nothing that they need to do at that point. They get an endpoint that they have access to the file system from and that's it. We handle patching, we handle all of the provisioning, we handle any hardware replacements that might need to happen along the way. Everything is fully managed. So the customer really can focus not on managing their file system, but on doing all of the other things that they want to do and that they need to do. So Anthony, in a way, you're disrupting yourself which is kind of what you told me a couple of years ago. You're not afraid to do that because if we don't do it, somebody else is going to do it because you're used to the old days, you're selling a box and you say, we'll see you next time in three or four years. So from your customer standpoint, what's their reaction to this notion of a managed service and what does it mean to NetApp? Well, so I think the most important thing it does is it gives them investment protection. The wonderful thing about what we've built with Amazon in the FSx profile is it's a complete on-tap. And so one on-tap cluster on-premise can immediately see and connect to an on-tap environment under FSx. We can then establish various different connectivities. We can use SNAP mirror technologies for disaster recovery. We can use efficient data transfer for things like DevTest and backup. Of course, the wonderful thing that we've done that we've gone beyond above and beyond what anybody else has done is we want to make sure that the actual primary application itself, one that was sort of built using NAS, built in a non-premise environment, an SAP and Oracle, et cetera, as Ed said, that we can move those over and have the confidence to run the application with no changes on an Amazon environment. So what we've really done, I think, for customers, the NetApp customers, the non-NetApp customers, is we've given them an enterprise-grade shared storage platform that's as good in an Amazon Cloud as it was in an on-premise data center. And that's something that's very unique to us. Can we talk a little bit more about those use cases? Both of you, what are you seeing as some of the more interesting ones that you can share? Ed, maybe you could start. Yeah, happy to. The customer discussions that we've been in have really highlighted four cases, four use cases that customers are telling us they'll use a service for. So maybe I'll cover two, and maybe Anthony can cover the other two. So the first is application migrations. And customers are increasingly looking to move their applications to AWS. And a lot of those applications work with file storage today. And so we're talking about applications like SAP, we're talking about relational databases like SQL Server and Oracle, we're talking about vertical applications like Epic and the healthcare space. As another example, lots of meeting entertainment, rendering and transcoding and visual effects workflows require Windows, Linux and macOS access to the same set of data. And what application administrators really want is they want the easy button. They want fully featured file storage that has the same capabilities, the same performance that their applications are used to, has extremely high availability and durability and can easily enable them to meet compliance and security needs with a robust set of data protection and security capabilities. And I'll give you an example. Accenture, for example, has told us that a key obstacle their clients face when migrating to the cloud is potentially rearchitecting their applications to adopt new technologies. And they expect that Amazon FSX for NetApp ONTAP will significantly accelerate their customers migrations to the cloud. Then a second one is storage migrations. So storage admins are increasingly looking to extend their on-premises storage to the cloud. And why they want to do that is they want to be more agile and they want to be responsive to growing datasets and growing workload needs. They want elastic capacity. They want the ability to spin up and spin down. They want easy disaster recovery across geographically isolated regions. They want the ability to change performance levels at any time. So all of this goodness that they get from the cloud is what they want. And more of them also are looking to make their company's data accessible to cloud services for analytics and processing. So services like ECS and EKS and Workspaces and AppStream and VMware Cloud and SageMaker and orchestration services like Parallel Cluster and AWS Batch. But at the same time, they want all these cloud benefits, but at the same time they have established data management workflows and they've built processes and they've built automation leveraging APIs and capabilities of on-prem NAS appliances. It's really tough for them to just start from scratch with that stuff. So this offering provides them the best of both worlds. They get the benefits of the cloud with the NAS data management capabilities that they're used to. Great. So Anthony, maybe you want to talk about the other tip. Well, so, you know, first and foremost, you heard from Ed earlier on that the FSX sort of construct and how successful it's been. And one of the real reasons it's been so successful is it takes advantage of all of the latest storage technologies, compute technologies, networking technologies. What's great is all of that's hidden from the user. What FSX does is it delivers a service. And what that means for an on-tap customer is you're going to have on-tap with an SLA and an SLA. You're going to have hundreds of thousands of IOPS available to you and sub-millisecond latencies. What's also really important is the design for FSX for NetApp on-tap was really to provide consistency on the NetApp API and to provide full access to on-tap from the Amazon console, the Amazon SDK or the Amazon CLI. So in this case, you've got this wonderful benefit of all of the sort of the 29 years of innovation of NetApp combined with all the innovation of AWS all presented consistently to a customer. What Ed said, which I'm particularly excited about is customers will see this just as they see any other AWS service. So if they want to use on-tap in combination with some incremental compute resources, maybe with their own encryption keys, maybe with directory services, they may want to use it with other services like SageMaker, all of those things are immediately exposed to Amazon FSX for NetApp on-tap. We do some really intelligent things just in the storage layer. So for example, we do intelligent tiering. So the customer is constantly getting the sort of the best TCO. So what that means is we're using Amazon's S3 storage as a tiered service so that we can back off cold data off of the primary file system to give the customer the optimal capacity the optimal throughput while maintaining the integrity of the file system. It's the same with backup. It's the same with disaster recovery whether we're operating in a hybrid AWS cloud or we're operating in an AWS region or across regions. Well, thank you. I think this announcement is a big deal for a number of reasons. First of all, it's the largest market. Like you said, you're the gold standard. I'll give you that, Anthony because you guys earned it. And so it's a large market but you always had to make previously and have make trade-offs. Either I could do file in the cloud but I didn't get the rich functionality that NetApp's mature stack brings. Or you could have wrapped your stack in the Kubernetes container and thrown it in the cloud and hosted it there but now that it's a managed service and presumably you're underneath you're taking advantage, as I say, my inference is there's some serious engineering going on here. You're taking advantage of some of the cloud native capabilities. Maybe it's the different EC2 types but also being able to bring in we're entering a new data era with machine intelligence and other capabilities that we really didn't have access to last decade. So I want to close with, give you guys the last word. Maybe each of you could give me your thoughts on how you see this partnership in the future particularly from a customer standpoint. Ed, maybe you could start and then Anthony, you can bring us home. Yeah, well, Anthony and I and our teams have gotten to know each other really well in ideating around what this experience will be and then building the product. And we have this common vision that it is something that's going to really move the needle for customers providing the full on-top experience with the power of a native AWS service. So we're really excited. We're in this for the long haul together. We have, we've partnered on everything from engineering to product management to support like the full thing. This is a co-owned effort, a joint effort backed by both companies. And we have a, I think a pretty remarkable product on day one, one that I think is going to delight customers. And we have a really rich roadmap that we're going to be building together over the years. So I'm excited about getting this in customers' hands. Great, thank you. Anthony, bring us home. Well, you know, it's one of those sort of rare chances where you get to do something with Amazon that no one's ever done, you know. We're sort of sitting on the inside. We are a peer of theirs and we're able to develop at very high speeds in combination with them to release continuously to the customer base. So what you're going to see is rapid innovation. You're going to see a whole host of new services, services that Nenna developed, services that Amazon developed. And then the whole ecosystem is going to have access to this, whether they're historically built on the NetApp APIs or increasingly built on the AWS APIs. I think you're going to see orchestrations. I think you're going to see the capabilities expand the overall opportunity for AWS to bring enterprise applications over. For me personally, Dave, you know, I have demonstrated yet again to the NetApp customer base how much we care about them and their future. Selfishly, you know, I'm looking forward to telling the story to my competitors, customer base, because they haven't done it. So, you know, I think we've been bold. I think we've been committed, as you said, three and a half years ago, I promised you that we were going to do everything we possibly could, you know. People always say, you know, what's the real benefit of this? At the end of the day, customers and partners will be the real winners. This innovation, this sort of as a service I think is going to expand our market, allow our customers to do more with Amazon than they could before. It's one of those rare cases, Dave, where I think one plus one equals about seven, really. I love the vision and excited to see the execution. Ed and Anthony, thanks so much for coming back in theCUBE. Congratulations on getting to this point and good luck. Thanks, Dave. Thank you. All right, thank you for watching everybody. This is Dave Vellante for theCUBE's continuous coverage of AWS Storage Day, keep it right there.