So let's go ahead and set up a custom audience. We'll set up two custom audiences and then we'll set up. We'll set up a custom conversion now that landing page visitors only what link is that what page is that. What landing. Which might the book one. A restaurant one. Yes. Okay. So you want to be specific. Because as I look at that landing page, I'm thinking what landing page. You know what I mean. So you want to be specific. Okay, go in and click on. Well, yeah, delete it. Let's just do it over delete it. Yes, yes, yes. So be specific with the titling of all this shit, because then you're not going to know what the hell is what as you have 15 different ones listed in the future, you know, right. So website. Let's go. Go to your landing page. Yes, specific. Okay, what is this when it says URL. Or at least you see, do I type anything here.  Okay, so what does this contains me. Go to Cartra bro get the link. Let's get out of here say progress. Don't leave anything idling. Go back to the other builder go to the builder. Yeah, yeah, say progress published live and get out of here don't leave it sitting like this. Because you're going to lose what you just say what you just created. So this is this page. Okay, so now get your get your landing page.  Okay, so five tips. Name it five tips. Five tips. Yeah, five tips. Name it name it name it exactly what it is five tips for restaurant owners, or what is it five, five tips. Yes, for restaurants. Put that five tips for restaurants. That's the link. So let's save that copy that. And then go open it up in the new in a new tab. So close open it up over here. Perfect. So this is the landing page. Now, let's go back. Let's go to the let's go to the thank you page. So go back to Karcher open up the thank you page. Let's customize this link. So go ahead and get the dots. Get code. Let's customize this one to match the other one. So the other one I was about to do that and then I didn't know how to do it and then I decided just to keep a simple as is. Okay, so in this one. What's our what's our main call to action the main call to action is to get them to schedule a call. So what I would put I wouldn't put thank you I put schedule your free call now or schedule your free strategy call now, or schedule strategy call now. Like not bold bro put everything lowercase everything is lowercase. So schedule your free call now or schedule strategy call now. Yeah, yeah, there you go. Okay, so copy that. Open it up in a new tab. No, no copy that bro. Did you copy that. Copy it. Okay, so let's open it up in a new tab. Those are two audiences that will create two custom audiences. Now the third audience. Go back to Cartra. And let's go to your thank you for scheduling page. So as I go and schedule an appointment. Where do I land. Do you even have that page you don't even have that page bro on my calling though. Right. Yeah, but you don't have a thank you for scheduling page. Okay, well, we'll do that later then. Like, like, for example, when you go and schedule an appointment with me.  It takes you to a thank you for scheduling page. Yes. You need that page. Don't have that. I told you that you've got something. No, no, I don't have that. Yeah, so you'll have to create that but we'll do that later. So let's do these two audiences right now. So now. Okay, let's go to your landing page and you're going to copy the URL. You're going to copy the link. The URL is the link. No, bro. Open up the page. You already opened it up. It's in the tab. Go to your landing page. As well. No, not the HTTPS. So everything except for the HTTPS. So all of that. That is what you need. That's all you need right there. Copy that. Let's go to Facebook right here. Paste it in right there. So you can go 30 days up to 180. So what I would do is, yeah, I'd go 180. Anyone in the past 180 days that have landed on this page. But have not. Landed on the thank you page. That's website visitors. So what you're going to do is you're going to click on exclude. You're going to go to the thank you page tab at the top. Grab that link. And paste it in there. So you can go 30 days up to 180. You can grab that link and paste it in at the bottom right there. So grab that. Thank you page link. Yep. There you go. And then we're going to name this one. And again, so paste it in all website visitors go to specific. Change the 30 to 180. Paste in the URL right there. And name your audience specific. This is landing page restaurant five tips or whatever the hell it is. Five tips. Web page visitors only. So. Landing page. Five tips. Five tips, visitors. And then in parentheses put only in parentheses. Put only. So they've only landed on the page. They have not opted in. Okay. Very specific. Create audience. So hit done. So that's the one. Okay. So now we're going to do it around the thank you page. In fact, have the thank you page copied. So let's go into website. No, bro. Come on, bro. Follow my lead customer audience and then click on website. And then what you're going to do here is specific to the same thing 180 and then paste in that link. You already had it. You already had it copied. All right. So now we don't need anyone, right? You don't need to exclude anyone, but be specific on the title. Name it the same landing page or our thank you page. Thank you page. Five tips. And then, and then in parentheses, put leads. Okay. So these two audiences are very, very important. So when it comes down to conversion ads, traffic ads, when it comes down to freaking any ad that you're trying to drive to a landing page and majority of the time it's going to be conversions. So when you, when you start running ads, like let's just say ad number two and on, it wouldn't be for ad number one. It'd be for ad number two. You're going to always retarget.  You're killing me. You're killing me.  You got to, you got to let me lead you through this. When you start running the second ad and on, you're going to want to retarget the, the, the, the landing page visitors only. Right. So from ad number two and on, you should have some data, the pixel, people should be clicking, people should be landing on the page. That's an audience that you'll always retarget ad number two and on. You'll always retarget your website visitors. And then if you start getting leads, ad number two and on, you'll then always exclude your leads. So those who land on the thank you page, you're going to always exclude them from seeing ad number three, ad number four, ad number five, because they're already leads. So they don't need to keep seeing your ads, you know? Yeah. Yeah. So, so those are your custom audiences. Now that's super important. Now what we're going to do is we're going to create a custom conversion. So now you already have the thank you page copied. So now let's just go click on the dots to the left. These are the two most important things to set up your custom audiences and then your custom conversions. So click on events manager and custom conversions. It's only for those that are looking to capture lead or make cells. So if you're running ads to capture leads or make cells, you want to set up a custom conversion. So click on or hover over the blue triangle to the left and then custom conversions and then create custom conversions. Click on that one. And then right here. So name your custom conversion. This is going to be leads. This is going to be five tips leads. Be specific. Like, you know, what did you name the audiences you named him? No, we could just put leads. Not, not thank you page. Let's just do, let's just do five, five tips leads because everything is around five tips. So right here, five tips leads, capitalized the F capitalized the T capitalized the L five tips leads. And then what you're going to do is you're going to select your own category. This is a custom conversion. So we're going to select our own, we're going to name it. Click on that. Select your own category. Nope. Select your own category. And then hit the drop down recommended and you're looking for lead. So scroll down, go in and put, click on, you just passed it lead. And then paste in the URL right there. Okay. So a custom conversion, go ahead and create. So here's what you have to always, always remember on a custom conversion. As you create it, it's going to show inactive. So click done. It's going to show inactive. Whenever you create a custom conversion, it'll show inactive. What you then have to do is go to the page. So open up the tab at the top, go to the actual thank you page. Refresh the thank you page. Now, if you look at your Facebook pixel helper, go ahead and click on it. You'll now see five tips leads. That's your custom conversion. Tell me you're recording this, please. So, so yeah, so that's how you know, you set it up correctly. Now go to ads manager, go to the Facebook ads manager and then refresh this page. Now this inactive will go to active.  So a conversions ad is simply telling Facebook our end goal, our ultimate goal, the final destination. As someone sees the ad, they click on learn more. They go to the landing page. Where do they end up? What's the final destination? Right? The final destination in this case, it's simple. It's two simple pages, landing page, thank you page. So the final destination in this simple sales funnel is a thank you page. So Facebook wants to know the final destination, the thank you page. There's the thank you page. So as we run Facebook conversion ads, we're telling Facebook, hey, man, our goal is not to just get people to the landing page. Our ultimate goal is to get them to the final destination. Here is the final destination. So as we set up a custom conversion, we're going to let them know about two different links. We're going to let them know about the link that they need to click on when they click on learn more. Where do they go? That's the landing page link. And then the second link that we're going to tell them about when we set up the ad is this one. OK, yeah, so a custom conversion is normally set up around three different pages. Your thank you page, which can also be a thank you for purchasing. So if you were selling something, let's say you were selling ball caps. You were selling hats. I go to your page. I see the red, green, blue, gray hat. I click on the hat. I enter my credit card information. I click on buy now. I then go to a thank you for ordering page. Same shit, right? So that thank you for ordering confirmation page, letting me know that my credit card process, letting me know that my gray, you know, San Diego hat is on the way. That thank you for purchasing page. That link, you would have set it up this way as well. Same thing. That's our custom conversion. We're letting Facebook know, hey, yeah, we're trying to sell hats. That's our goal. But our ultimate goal is to get them to check out and land on this page. That's my custom conversion. So whether you're selling something online or whether you're just simply capturing leads, the custom conversion is set up around the final page. OK, so so so what I'm saying is that normally there's three in your case. It's a custom conversion around the leads, which is a thank you page, a custom conversion around the thank you for scheduling page. The thank you for scheduling page. So we also want to eventually set up a custom conversion around the thank you for scheduling page. And then for those that are selling stuff online, like products or digital products, those that are selling stuff online, a third custom conversion would be your ad to cart page. So so as I like, let me share my screen real quick. Let me share my screen because this is this is important. This is the third conversion. Now, this is not something that you'll need right now. But eventually, can you see my screen? Yes. OK, so look, so for example, this is one of my of my pages. So one of my one of my yeah, one of my pages where I'm selling something. OK, so as a person comes here and I I'm telling them, you know, what what what it is to buy and there's 14 minutes left to buy. And when you join the social real estate agent training course, you get, you know, module one, module two. This is where I'm telling them, you know, 14 more minutes. And then as they scroll down, as they scroll down, this is this is me. And then as they scroll down and they see the one time only payment, they click on this. So here's here's the deal. This link right here could be a custom audience, but it's not my custom conversion. What I'm telling you a custom conversion is around the thank you page. The or or or the thank you for purchasing page. Thank you for. Yes, the also the next one is the thank you for scheduling page. That's another custom conversion. Thank you for scheduling. That's another custom conversion, a custom audience, but also a custom conversion. And then in this case, when we're selling something online, I click on the orange button. I then come to the to the to the checkout page. This is what we call the add to cart. This is a cart page. This is where they check out. This is a very specific page where they come to purchase, right? So this page right here is what we call an add to cart page. This could be a custom conversion as well. So you don't you're not selling anything online right there like like that right now. So go back and share your screen. So you don't need that customer conversion, but what? But I wanted to explain that for anybody that's selling something online. The app to cart page, that's a custom conversion. So in your case, this is fine. You got leads. That's a custom conversion. Because as you run ads, that's what you're shooting for is leads. But then also again, eventually you'll want to set up a custom conversion around the thank you for scheduling page because as you run other ads, you may want to start running ads to get people to schedule a call with you. Right. In this case, you're running ads to give people to download your free book. But another type of ad is running an ad to get them to schedule a call. That's why you would want the custom conversion set up around the thank you for scheduling page, because now we're telling Facebook, here's the ad. When they click on it, they go to my calendar. But when they fill out the calendar, they land on my thank you for scheduling page. Get people there. Make sense? Yeah. So custom audiences, custom conversion. So now as you go and run an ad, so click the dots to the left and we'll run an ad. You're not even close to running the ad right now. You've got to clean up those cartridge pages. But but but as we get to this part, now we click on the green one. Now we're going conversions. Again, conversion ads are for those that are looking to capture leads or make cells. OK, so now we click on conversions. We click next. Let's just shoot through this as an example. We'll fill in all the blank later. But now as we get to this page, this is the ad set level. Right, you got three steps to an ad set up. The new campaign right there, the top left, top left. You got new campaign or right there. You got new campaign. You got new ad set and then you got new ad or one ad. Right, those are the three steps. So we're in step number two right here in step number two. X out right there, right there where you have it highlighted. X that out down, down, down, X that out. Yeah, right there. X that out. So sometimes when you get to this page, the second step, the ad set. This is where we're going to put our budget. This is where we're going to choose the the date. This is where we're going to choose our targeting, who are targeting the age, the demographics. That's the second step, the ad set right here. But right here is also where we add. Now, by default, it was already there, but sometimes it'll be blank. And all you do is click on it, click in the red and find that custom conversion. That should be it should be right there. Five tips leads. That's our custom conversions to the top. So five tips leads. That's our custom conversion. So now we're telling Facebook, hey, man, our ultimate goal is to find it. Our ultimate goal is to have Facebook find us people that are going to get to that page right there. Yep. So so now you just go through and and and run the ads. Now, in the very beginning, you're running it to a cold market. What is very, very important, man. What I touch on, on every call when I speak to every client, the most important is to stay consistent with your ads. And that's what most don't do.  They are not running an ad every day. You have to run an ad every day, especially for the first couple months. Like you have to, you don't have to be spending the whole lot, but you have to be running an ad every day because that's going to be, that's going to give Facebook the data to start collecting for your custom audiences. Those who are watching your videos and those who are landing on your landing page, but not opting in and also those who are landing on your landing page, opting in and landing on your thank you for downloading page. So your thank you page, your confirmation page, the custom conversion we just set up, you got to give Facebook enough data. You got to give Facebook enough time. You got to spend money every day to get Facebook, that type of information to start building these audiences because where you'll be in two months, for example, is you'll spend that part the next two months after your first two months, it's, it's, it's after your first two months, then month, month number three and month number four, month number five, that's when you can spend time retargeting all your audiences. So your Facebook ad cost ends up being a little bit more expensive upfront because you're targeting people who don't know you yet. If you ran this ad right now, you're targeting a cold market who don't know you. That's the most expensive type of ad. So again, in a couple of months, your pixel would have had some data. Facebook, especially if you're running video ads, Facebook would start building audiences of those who are watching your videos. We're talking week number four, week number five, week number seven. You keep running a new ad every week, different ads every week. So now you start building up audiences of people who are watching you, people who are clicking and landing on your pages. So again, your Facebook ad cost should start to drop over time because now all you're doing is retargeting. You're retargeting warm audiences of people who are engaging versus in the beginning, you're targeting cold market who don't know you yet. Yes, makes sense. So so it's all about staying consistent. And that's what I've yet to see people do. Like they'll run a couple ads and they don't see any ROI. So they just they just they just stop or or they just don't have the budget to stay consistent. And so they just stop, you know? Yeah.  So so you're that's why I always that's why I always encourage people to start with a free offer, a free PDF, you know, give away something of value for free to capture leads, to get people to engage, to get people to land on your page, to start capturing data. You know, so you're either giving away something of value for free, a free PDF, or maybe you're getting people to schedule an appointment.  OK, yes, yes. So. Perfectly. Thanks for this. Send me this please. As you can. Yeah. So this is custom audiences. This is what you'll want to do for all your pages, right? For important pages, landing page. Thank you for scheduling page. Thank you for downloading page. Those are the main custom audiences and also custom conversions. But but just making sure your pixels on every page. So what you got to do now, here's your here's your homework. Your homework is to freaking is to clean up those is to clean up those privacy policy pages is to the privacy policy, the terms of the terms of use and the disclaimer.  OK, OK, absolutely. All right, all righty. Thanks. So so clean up those pages and then and then let's talk again. And then I'll help you run this ad right here. All right, sounds good. Thank you or or our next call should be running a like ad for the trucker. All right, we'll see. I'll work on the pages first. I want to clean up the privacy policy and then I'll schedule pulling up. Sounds good, bro. I'll talk to you soon. Please send me this as it's right over again. Sounds good. Thank you, bro. Bye.


The federal government has declared Monday 27th, Tuesday 28th December 2021 and Monday 3rd January 2022 as public holidays to mark Christmas, Boxing Day and New Year Day celebrations. The Minister of Interior, Raouf Airebushalai, joined Christians to practice the doctrines of Christ, which include, but are not limited to, faith, hope, peace and love. He emphasized that peace and security were to critical conditions for economic development and prosperity. He urged Nigerians to make the best use of this festive parrot by also praying for the total eradication of the insecurity bedeviled in the country. The minister advised all to be wary of the pandemic by observing all the protocols stipulated by medical authorities.


offers the promise of new techniques and new technologies in pharmaceuticals, materials, manufacturing, and microgravity studies are a key component of fundamental research on the shuttle today. But vibrations from shuttle maneuvers, operating equipment, even movement of the crew within the cabin can mimic the effects of gravity. Vibrations set up to take advantage of a weightless environment are subtly affected, yet when researchers know the strength and frequency of these vibrations, they can determine and account for the forces acting on these microgravity experiment samples. The Space Acceleration Measurement System, or SAMS, developed by the Lewis Research Center measures, conditions, and records forces of low gravity accelerations on the shuttle. From the United States and international microgravity missions to the Space Lab Life Science Series, SAMS has provided vital information on shuttle experiments. This information guides scientists to a better understanding of the effects of microgravity accelerations on these experiments. The SAMS hardware consists of a main signal processing unit and three remote triaxial sensor heads. By mounting a SAMS sensor head on or near an experiment, the accelerations affecting the experiment can be sampled directly. The triaxial sensor heads detect accelerations along three orthogonal axes. These inertial sensors measure positive and negative accelerations over a specified frequency range. SAMS has provided researchers with measurements of these accelerations since its first flight in June of 1991 aboard STS-40, the Space Lab Life Science Series 1 mission. Since that first mission, the unit has flown in a variety of locations, including both the Space Lab's center aisle and its mid-deck experiment rack, the shuttle's mid-deck, the spacehab, and the cargo bay. To accommodate the different environments of these locations, SAMS offers three configurations to researchers. In the Spacehab's center aisle configuration, the SAMS unit allows the flight crew access to the optical disks, which they can periodically rotate or exchange to provide unlimited data recording. Also accessible are the control switches and indicators of the main unit located on the front panel. In the mid-deck configuration, the unit is mounted either in a SMIDEX rack or in place of a stowage locker. It is fastened to a bulkhead by a mounting plate the mission office provides. Disks and controls are accessible throughout the mission. The triaxial sensor heads are mounted either prior to launch or by the flight crew once in orbit. Flight crew members can place the sensor heads at predetermined locations to accommodate the needs of the experimenter. The sensor heads can be mounted directly on the experiment or up to a maximum distance of 20 feet from the main unit. The sensor head cables can be easily connected to the rear right side of the main unit in the center aisle configuration and to the unit's faceplate when at mid-deck. The last configuration for the SAMS unit is known as MPES for mission peculiar experiment support structure. Here the unit is placed in the cargo bay, inaccessible to the flight crew. The MPES main control unit and data storage unit are safely enclosed for operation in this harsh environment. In this configuration, the SAMS unit can retain 0.8 gigabytes of data. Raw data in this configuration can be down-linked to the Payload Operations Control Center or POC. This provides researchers with the opportunity to monitor and analyze data displays in a time frame which approaches real-time. Three switches, power, data record and disk change are located on the control panel. Five indicator lights or LEDs are also located on the control panel. The LEDs are designed to confirm basic operating functions of the SAMS unit. Additionally, they will indicate certain failures of the SAMS unit should they occur. Using normal operations, the tri-color LEDs on the recording drive will pulsate from yellow to red. Yellow indicates that the optical disk is spinning in the disk drive, while red indicates that the drive is reading from or writing to the optical disk. This concludes Module 1, the background and system familiarization of the space acceleration measurement system. In this module, we will demonstrate the nominal operations of the SAMS unit. First, you need to un-stow the optical disks. Rotate the door screws counter-clockwise to open the drive doors. Next, rotate the disk ejection levers counter-clockwise. Stow the dummy disks and un-stow two blank disks. Rotate the blank disks side A up into drives 1 and 2, making sure that the disks lock into place. Then rotate the disk ejection lever clockwise until they are pointing up, with respect to the top plate of the unit. To activate the SAMS unit, turn the power on. Verify that the power indicator light is green. At the mission elapsed time, the drive 1 full light and the drive 2 full light should be lit during initialization. Allow two minutes for the initialization process to be completed. After the initialization process is complete, and the drive 1 and drive 2 indicator lights are off, notify the pot that the power is on and note the mission elapsed time. After allowing the unit to warm up for 15 minutes, you are now ready to operate SAMS. First close the disk drive doors and rotate the screws clockwise to the lock position. Then turn the data record switch on. Verify that the data record light is on and record the MET. After three minutes, verify that the drive 1 and drive 2 full lights are off. Verify the pock that the SAMS unit is recording data and indicate the current MET. Before you rotate the disk in drive 1, check to see if the system error light is on. This should not occur during normal operations, but if it does, consult the pock. Verify that the drive 1 full light is solid yellow. Next rotate the drive door screws counterclockwise. Rotate the disk ejection lever counterclockwise to eject the disk from drive 1. Then log the mission elapsed time and the drive number on side A. Insert the disk side B facing up into drive 1 until the disk locks into place. Rotate the disk ejection lever clockwise pointing up. Tongue the disk change switch momentarily. After three minutes, the drive 1 full light should turn off. Verify that the drive 2 full light is also off. Close the drive door and rotate the screws clockwise to the lock position. Notify the pock that you have completed disk rotation steps 4 through 7. To rotate the optical disk in drive 2, simply repeat the procedure we just demonstrated. Before exchanging the disk in drive 1, check to see that the drive 1 full light is on. Next rotate the drive door screws counterclockwise. Then eject the disk. Log the MET and drive number on the disk side B. Stow the full disk and unstow a blank disk. Now insert the blank disk side A facing up into drive 1 until it locks into place. Turn the disk ejection lever clockwise. Press the disk change switch momentarily. Allow up to three minutes for the drive 1 full light to turn off. Then close the drive door and rotate the screws clockwise to lock. Notify the pock that you have completed replacing the disk in drive 1. To exchange the disk in drive 2, repeat the procedures just demonstrated. To deactivate the SAMS unit, turn off the data record switch. Wait two minutes and verify that the data light is off. Next turn the power switch off. The power indicator light should extinguish. To stow the disks, turn the drive door screws counterclockwise. Now rotate the disk ejection levers counterclockwise to eject the disks. Log the MET and drive number on the disk label. Stow both disks. Unstow the two dummy disks and insert them into drive 1 and drive 2 making sure they lock into place. Turn the disk ejection levers to the locked position. Close the disk drive doors and rotate the screws clockwise so the doors are locked. To check the status of the SAMS unit, turn the door screws counterclockwise. At the specified intervals, voice the status of the five control panel lights and the two disk drive lights. Close both drive doors and turn the screws clockwise to the locked position. Alternate procedures for operation of the SAMS unit are utilized only when one drive has failed. Rotation and exchange of the optical disk is performed in the same manner demonstrated for nominal operation with one notable exception. For single drive operation of SAMS, the drive that is non-operational is put on standby for the duration of the mission. Also during rotation or exchange, the recording of data on the operational drive is temporarily aborted in order to eject the disk without damage to the recorded data. For example, if disk drive 2 fails, place it in the standby position by rotating the disk ejection lever to the 9 o'clock position. The lever should remain in this position for the duration of the mission. Then to temporarily abort drive 1, wait until the tricolor LED flashes from red to yellow. Then turn the drive 1 disk ejection lever clockwise to the 1 o'clock or abort position. This concludes module 2, the nominal and alternate procedures for the space acceleration measurement system. In module 3, we will briefly review malfunctions of the SAMS unit and the procedures to follow should a malfunction occur. If the power light does not illuminate when power is initially applied to the SAMS unit, perform malfunction procedure 1. To determine the cause of this condition, you would cycle the power and examine the status of certain LEDs. The SAMS unit could be in one of three states. The power light is transient. The power light has failed, or there has been a system power failure in the unit. If the unit is in one of the first two conditions, it can still be operational. However, if it is determined that the unit is in the third condition, a power system failure, then it would remain non-operational for the duration of the mission. After power is applied to SAMS, the initialization process begins. The drive full lights will illuminate to indicate the start of the initialization process and extinguish after the process is complete. This takes about two minutes. If after two minutes, one or both of the drive full lights are on, solid or blinking, then perform malfunction procedure 2. If this happens, one of the following has occurred. A disc may not be seated properly. Receding the disc would eliminate the error. The discs may be faulty. Rotating or exchanging them would solve the problem. The unit may be recording on a single drive only. If this occurs, refer to the alternate procedures described in module 2. The system may have failed, and again will be non-operational for the duration of the mission. After the initialization of SAMS and a 15-minute warm-up period, the data record switch is ready to be enabled. If the data record switch is thrown and the data record light does not illuminate, perform malfunction procedure 3. One of three errors has occurred. The data record switch is faulty. The data record light could have failed. There is an uncorrectable fault, in which case the unit will be non-operational for the duration of the mission. When one side of an optical disc is full, the drive full light corresponding to that disc will illuminate. The time it will take to fill one side of a disc is predetermined based on the frequencies of the triaxial sensor heads. If the drive full light does not illuminate as scheduled, perform malfunction procedure 4. In this case, the drive may have had a previous malfunction and has corrected itself, thus becoming operational again. It may also have prematurely quit recording on the drive that was scheduled to be full and is now recording on the other drive. Finally, again, there may have been a system malfunction that could possibly be corrected after consulting the POC. Following rotation or exchange of a full disc and the disc change switch having been toggled, it will take up to three minutes for the corresponding drive full light to extinguish. If after three minutes the corresponding drive full light fails to extinguish, perform malfunction procedure 5. This could indicate that the disc is not seated properly and may have to be receded. The disc may be faulty and may have to be rotated or exchanged. There may also have been a disc drive failure, in which case the alternate procedures would be implemented. At any time during normal operation of SAMS or after any crew interface with SAMS, one or both of the drive full lights may suddenly begin to blink. If this happens, perform malfunction procedure 6. This indicates that the corresponding drive has failed, either temporarily or permanently. If the drive has temporarily quit recording, the malfunction can be corrected. However, the drives will now be out of sequence. The system error light is another indicator of a malfunction. If this LED should illuminate, perform malfunction procedure 7. This indicates that there are 30 minutes or less of recording time available on both optical discs. Note that the system error light will not come on alone. Either one or both of the drive full lights will also be illuminated. If only one drive full light is on, the unit is still able to record data. If both drive full lights are on, the unit is not recording and valuable data is being lost. When you are either rotating or exchanging an optical disc, there is a possibility that the disc will not eject from the drive. If this should happen, perform malfunction procedure 8. The disc may not be seated properly in the drive. Receipt the disc. If the disc will not eject at all, use needle nose pliers to extract the disc. If you cannot retrieve the disc with the pliers, the disc has jammed or the disc ejection system has failed. During single drive operation, the drive full lights may illuminate. If this happens, perform malfunction procedure 9. This could indicate that the disc in the functioning drive is faulty. It could also indicate that the previously faulty drive has corrected itself and is now functioning properly. If this is the case, the disc in the previously faulty drive is full and needs to be rotated or exchanged and the alternate procedures for single drive operation would no longer be necessary. This concludes the third and final module of this video. If you have any questions, please review the appropriate module. And good luck on your upcoming shuttle flight.


Catch up and get ahead with the edge for the week of July 20th. San Antonio's Spanish colonial missions, including the Alamo, were recently designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. That designation could attract more visitors and $10 million a year to the local economy. But in a video essay, Texas poet laureate Carmen Tafoya says this is not about money. It's about a chance to change the way we look at history. Watch Carmen Tafoya explain why we should shed the Eurocentric version of history and recognize the original inhabitants going back 10,000 years in San Antonio history. And it's an opportunity for something really wonderful to happen. But it's also a possibility that something less than wonderful will happen. About 275,000 low-income families in the U.S. and more than 6,000 in San Antonio will get free, high-speed home internet under Connect Home. A project announced last week by President Barack Obama and HUD Secretary Julian Castro. That's why today the Obama administration, through HUD, is proud to launch Connect Home, an initiative that will enhance the lives of children and families across the nation. What happens when a student living in poverty crosses the digital divide and gets rich educational media many of us take for granted at home? See how San Antonio's top educator, our public library director, and the San Antonio Housing Authority have responded. The bandwidth inside a public housing residence, homes, opens up a whole new world for them. What's the best way for San Antonio to get more direct flights, more office buildings, and more amenities for millennials? Raise the average wage, says Port San Antonio's Jim Perschbach. We believe, our board believes, that there is no problem in San Antonio or anywhere that can be fixed by increasing the average wage in this community and providing... He's a key player in San Antonio's aerospace industry, where the average wage is $79,000 a year. He also revealed that aerospace employer Boeing just signed a lease to stay 15 more years in San Antonio. Watch video from San Antonio Chamber's Aerospace Committee luncheon for more. Help connect kids with vaccinations and school supplies. For the fifth year, we're updating our map of back-to-school events including free backpacks and school supplies, free and low-cost immunizations, health fairs, and clinics. But we need your help updating this year's map. If you know about an event, let us know. Send tips and information about upcoming events to news at nowcastsa.org and help us get them on the map. Visit nowcastsa.com where you can. Watch Poet Laureate Carmen Tafoya's essay on the importance of San Antonio's indigenous history. Help kids connect with vaccinations and school supplies. Learn more about San Antonio's aerospace industry. Learn about a program that will help lift low-income kids across the digital divide. Thanks for watching The Edge.


All right folks, you're gonna need some bacon and some pretzel rods. I'm getting ready to show you something that will probably be baking you hungry. First step is we're going to get all our bacon laid out. Next we're going to season up our bacon with spicy danos. That's the red top. Flip them over and do it again. Remember folks, you're not going to overdo it because danos, it's not packed full of salt and there's no sugar in it so we're just adding flavor. Now you're going to need some pretzel rods. Grab your bacon, give it a little stretch and now we wrap. Should look just like that. All right, let's take them outside and throw them on the smoker. All right, we're set to 400 degrees. Now I've never seen this idea or heard of this idea before. Is the pretzel still going to be crunchy? We'll see, let me know. So here we are and it looks like they're cooked to perfection. Let's give it a try. Okay, the pretzel is still crunchy. The bacon's awesome. Yum yum, get you some. We'll see you next time.


Teaching English in South Korea, The Salary and Budget Guide. The following guide will help you answer the question, How much can I earn and save teaching English in South Korea? You will also find information on the local cost of living in order to figure out how much to budget for when moving to South Korea. The typical salary for English teachers in South Korea. There are many different teaching positions available all across South Korea. The salary usually depends on the type of school you work in and your qualifications. English teachers in South Korea can expect to make between 1.8 and 3 million Korean won per month, currently $1,600 to $2,675. Those teaching at a university or international school, however, can make up to 3.5 million South Korean won, 3,120 US dollars. If you are a first-time teacher, you can expect to earn between 1.8 to 2.0 million South Korean won per month, which equates to around $1,600 to $1,780. The salary also depends on where you are based. Seoul traditionally pays the highest salaries but also has a higher cost of living compared to other cities around South Korea. Other benefits to expect when teaching English in South Korea. Besides the salary, most teachers in South Korea also receive free housing or a housing allowance from their employer. Additionally, most schools pay for the round-trip airfare for their teachers. Healthcare is also very affordable in South Korea and there is also a pension scheme in place for a lot of foreign nationals. How to earn extra cash while teaching English in South Korea. A lot of teachers top up their salaries by taking on private students for tutoring. You can easily make a couple of hundred dollars a month when tutoring students in your free time, or more when you have the time. Most parents pay between 30,000 and 50,000 South Korean won per tutoring hour, $26.45 US dollars. The cost of living in South Korea. The cost of living in South Korea is on the rise and amongst one of the highest in Asia. However, it is still lower than in most Western nations. The high salary and attractive benefits as an EFL teacher allow you to live a comfortable lifestyle during your time in Korea. Many teachers can even afford a lifestyle they wouldn't be able to enjoy back home, such as traveling every month, eating out on a regular basis and going out to bars and clubs regularly. Below, we break down the cost of living in South Korea for individual aspects. Cost of living in South Korea, food. When you eat out at local restaurants and buy your produce and ingredients at local supermarkets, you will not only gain an amazing insight into the Korean way of life but also have more money in your pocket for fun and adventure. Milk, 1 liter, 2400 South Korean won. 12 eggs, 3200 South Korean won. Apples, 1 kilogram, 7000 South Korean won. Chicken breast, 1 kilogram, 9800 South Korean won. Rice, 1 kilogram, 3900 South Korean won. Bottle of water, 1.5 liters, 1200 South Korean won. Bottle of Korean beer, half a liter, 2200 South Korean won. Cost of living in South Korea, leisure activities. Koreans love spending time out with friends and family and there is a lot to do around the country. Most people enjoy frequent meals out so be sure to try your way through the wide range of Korean cuisine while you're there. You can also hang out with friends at clubs and karaoke bars, work out at the gym or get a massage and relax. South Korea's leisure activities have something for everyone. 3-course medrange restaurant dinner, 40,000 South Korean won. Quick restaurant meal of rice or noodles, 7000 South Korean won. Spicy rice cakes, a common street food, 2000 South Korean won. Massage, 30 minutes, 25,000 South Korean won. One month fitness club membership, 30,000 South Korean won. Movie ticket, international release, 8000 South Korean won. Cost of living in South Korea, transportation. When coming to Korea, you might be surprised by the modern and efficient public transit network in the country. In fact, it is one of the most advanced in the world. Taxi prices are also affordable and buses and subways are inexpensive allowing you to explore your city and beyond. Metro ride, 1200 South Korean won. Taxi rate per kilometer, 900 South Korean won. Start fare 3000 South Korean won. 20 minute taxi ride across town, 18,000 South Korean won. City bus, 1200 South Korean won. Monthly bus and subway pass, 55,000 South Korean won. Inner city express bus, Seoul to Jeonju, 15,000 South Korean won. Cost of living in South Korea, travel in Korea and beyond. While South Korea isn't that big of a country, there is a lot to see and do, plus countless beautiful islands to head to. The express trains are incredibly fast and affordable and domestic flights out to Jeju Island, the largest island in Korea, are also quite cheap. Plus, you can visit neighboring Asian countries like Japan and China in just a couple of hours. One night in a midrange hotel, 60,000 South Korean won. High speed train, Seoul to Busan, 2.5 hours, 59,800 South Korean won. Slow train, Seoul to Busan, 5.5 hours, 28,600 South Korean won. Flight, Seoul to Jeju Island, 1 hour, 80,000 South Korean won. Flight, Seoul to Tokyo, 2 hours, 150,000 South Korean won. Sample monthly teacher budget. To give you an example of how an English teacher in South Korea spends their salary, here is a sample monthly budget, gross income, salary, average salary 2.5 million South Korean won. Rent, zero, paid for by employer. Utilities, electricity, gas, water, 80,000 South Korean won. Phone and Internet, 70,000 South Korean won. Food, 300,000 South Korean won. Insurance, 30,000 South Korean won. Remaining disposable income, 2 million South Korean won. How much you can save when teaching English in South Korea? As you can see from the sample budget above, the high salaries in South Korea allow you to save substantial sums of money during the length of your contract. Because rent is usually paid for by the employer, you will save a lot of money that would otherwise go on housing. Depending on your lifestyle, ESL teachers in South Korea are easily able to save anything from $500 to $1,500 per month. Are you ready to teach English in South Korea? For more information about living and teaching English in South Korea, check out our South Korea country page. Thanks so much for watching. We are ITTT, the leading provider for TEFL and TESOL training courses. If you like this video, please subscribe by clicking that button down here and click on any of the videos here on the left for more interesting teaching tips for getting certified to teach English abroad and online.


Hello and welcome to this training module for the STM32L4 liquid crystal display or LCD controller. This controller can be used in a wide variety of applications such as home appliances, medical, automotive and industrial to display either images made up of a large number of pixels, a combination of alphanumeric symbols or various useful predefined symbols such as digits, bells, low battery symbol, arrows, antenna and progress bar. The LCD controller integrated inside STM32L4 products provides a control interface for driving external segmented LCD panels. This interface is fully configurable allowing easy control of any existing monochrome passive LCD panel up to 320 segments available today on the market. The STM32L4 allows the LCD controller to operate in all low power modes but it is off in standby and shutdown modes. Applications benefit from a built-in low-cost solution not requiring any external controller nor external analog components. The step-up converter supplying the VLCD voltage and resistive network dedicated to generate all intermediate voltages are both part of the controller. The advantages of an embedded controller are that it does not require extra power consumption from external controllers and that it fully supports the STM32L4's ultra-low power modes for higher power efficiency. Its flexible and high-level driving capability make it able to support a wide range of LCD displays, even those with a higher capacitive load. The LCD display is made up of several segments, pixels, or complete symbols which can be made visible or invisible. Each segment consists of liquid crystal modules aligned between two electrodes, one COM terminal and one SEG terminal. It is equivalent to a capacitor. When a voltage greater than a threshold voltage is applied across the liquid crystal, the segment becomes visible. The waveform across the segment must alternate to avoid a DC current, otherwise the LCD's lifetime may be shortened. The LCD controller offers a fully programmable interface to control a wide range of LCD displays. The flexible frequency generator makes it easier to scale and fine-tune the frame frequency. The LCD controller supports several duty ratios and bias levels to adapt to a wide range of LCD display characteristics. The structure of the resistive network is configurable by software to adapt the drive current to the LCD display used. The voltage output buffers can improve the driving capability for LCD displays with high capacitive load. The LCD controller offers the option to use an internal or external VLCD supply source to match any application constraints. With the double buffer memory, the LCD RAM register, which contains pixel information, can be updated at any time by the application software without affecting the integrity of the data displayed. Unused segment and common pins can be used as general purpose IOs or for another peripheral. Last but not least, the LCD controller supports all STM32L4 low power modes except standby and shutdown modes for optimized application power efficiency. Here is the block diagram of the LCD controller, which also shows the interface with the LCD display. This controller is able to drive 176, 44x4, or 320, 40x8 LCD pixels. It is made up of the frequency generator used to deliver the correct clock frequency to drive the LCD display, the common seg drivers, the LCD RAM, which contains pixel information, active and inactive, and the analog step up converter used to adjust the contrast. No external components are required to make the controller work except an external capacitor connected to VLCD when the step up converter is used. The SEL closed. The LCD controller features a highly flexible frequency generator. The LCD clock source is the same as the RTC clock, which is either a low speed external 32.768 kHz oscillator, LSE, a low speed internal 32 kHz RC oscillator, LSI, or a high speed external 4 to 48 MHz oscillator, HSE, divided by 1, 2, 4, or 8. The frequency generator allows you to achieve various LCD frame rates starting from an LCD clock source, which can vary from 32 kHz to 1 MHz. The clock source must be stable in order to obtain accurate LCD timing and hence minimize DC voltage offset across LCD segments. The input clock LCD CLK can be divided by any value from 16 to 2 to the 15th power times 31. This frequency generator consists of a pre-scaler, 16-bit ripple counter, and a 16 to 31 clock divider. LCD CLK is first divided by 2 PS, 3 to 0. If a finer resolution rate is required, the div bits 3 to 0 can be used to divide the clock further by 16 to 31. In this way, you can roughly scale the frequency and then fine tune it by linearly scaling the clock with the counter. The output of the frequency generator, FCKDIV, constitutes the time base for the entire LCD controller. It is equivalent to the LCD phase frequency. The frame frequency or F-frame is determined by dividing FCKDIV or FLCD by the number of active common terminals or multiplying it by the duty rate. The typical frame frequency must be selected to be within a range of around 30 to 100 Hz. The selected frequency must be a compromise between an acceptable refresh rate that avoids flickering and the power consumption which increases with the frequency. The following table shows examples of frame rate calculations by specifying PS 3 to 0 and DIV 3 to 0 values for different LCD CLK frequencies. The LCD controller generates a Type B frame format which maintains 0 volts DC over the two odd and even frames. All COM signals have identical waveforms but a different phase in order to reduce electromagnetic interference. COM-X has its maximum amplitude only during phase X of a frame, that is to say VLCD during odd frames and VSS during even frames. During the other phases, the signal amplitude is ¼ VLCD or ¾ VLCD if a ¼ bias is selected, one-third VLCD or two-thirds VLCD if a one-third bias is selected, and one-half if a one-half bias is selected. Each segment terminal is multiplexed, meaning that each one may control up to eight picture elements depending on the chosen duty rate. For a duty rate of ¼, as shown in this example, a single segment terminal is associated with four common terminals, thus allowing the control of four picture elements. The greater the multiplexed rate, the more segment or picture elements you can drive with a given number of segment terminals. For example, to activate a pixel N connected to COM-2, SEG-N must be inactive VSS during phase II of the odd frame and active VLCD during phase II of the even frame. Actually, a pixel is active if the corresponding SEG-N line has a voltage opposite that of the COM line, here COM-2, and inactive when the voltages are equal. As a result, the voltage applied between COM-2 and SEG-N, which can be observed on the COM-2 minus SEG-N waveform, is plus VLCD during phase II of the odd frame and minus VLCD during phase II of the even frame. The LCD controller offers high contrast control flexibility. The method used to adjust the contrast depends on the LCD supply source. When the step-up converter is selected as VLCD source, the VLCD value can be chosen among a wide set of values from 2.6 to 3.6 volts, which are selectable via the contrast control bits in the LCD-FCR register. However, when using an external LCD supply source, the contrast level is adjusted using a programmable dead time where both active COM and SEG terminals are all tied to VSS at the same time between each odd frame and each even frame. As a result, the LCD-RMS voltage of the entire frame, odd and even, is reduced, thus decreasing the contrast. Of course, the longer the dead time periods, the lower the contrast. LCD displays are sensitive to root mean square or RMS voltage levels. To turn a segment on, the RMS voltage applied to this segment, here in the example, the potential difference between the COM-2 and SEG-N, must be greater than the LCD display threshold voltage, or VTH. The LCD threshold voltage depends on the quality of the liquid used in the LCD panel and the temperature. As a reminder, the optical contrast is defined by the difference in transparency of an LCD segment that is on, dark, and an LCD segment that is off, transparent. In other words, by the difference between the RMS voltage of an LCD segment on, VON-RMS, and the RMS voltage of an LCD segment off, VOFF-RMS. Then, the greater the difference between VON-RMS and VOFF-RMS, the higher the optical contrast. In the same way, the contrast also depends on the level of VON-RMS versus the LCD threshold voltage. The greater the difference between VON-RMS and VTH, the higher the optical contrast. However, VON-RMS and VOFF-RMS are directly linked to the multiplex rate or duty ratio used to drive the LCD display. When the number of COM terminals required to drive the LCD display increases, the discrimination ratio, D, the contrast level that the LCD display can achieve, decreases, since the separation between VON-RMS and VOFF-RMS decreases, and the contrast decreases. As a consequence, to provide a better contrast and a greater separation between VON-RMS and VOFF-RMS, when the multiplex rate increases, the LCD voltage must be increased. Make sure the LCD controller configuration matches the LCD display needs in terms of segment and common terminals, otherwise this could result in a lower contrast. In the LCD controller, the power supply source may come from either the internal step-up converter or from an external voltage source applied on the VLCD pin. When the step-up converter is selected as VLCD source, the VLCD values can be chosen independently of the VDD value via the contrast control bits in the LCD FCR register. If an external source is selected, the internal boost circuit or step-up converter is automatically disabled to reduce power consumption. In both cases, the intermediate voltage levels required for the common and segment waveforms are generated thanks to resistor networks. One with low-value resistors or RLN for high-drive capability, and the other with high-value resistors or RHN for low-drive capability, which are used respectively to increase current during transitions and to reduce power consumption in static state. The RLN divider is enabled when the high-drive resistor bridge is closed. The high-drive resistor bridge can be switched on permanently when the HD bit is set, or for only a short period of time thanks to the pulse-on duration or PON feature. The PON bits configure the time during which RLN is enabled through the HD switch, each time the level of common and segment lines change. This flexible LCD drive capability is completed by low-power voltage output buffers in order to again reinforce the ability of the LCD controller to drive very high capacitive loads. These buffers prevent the LCD capacitive load from unacceptably loading the resistor bridge by increasing the charging and discharging of output capacitors or pixels during each transition. In this way, the voltage nodes are very stable, no voltage drop, thus drastically improving the signal shapes and the RMS voltage values. These buffers are power consumption optimized. Their consumption is negligible during static phases, whereas they are very reactive to provide necessary current required by the LCD load during transitions. To further reduce power consumption, when buffers are enabled, intermediate voltages are generated by RHN. RLN is automatically disabled regardless of the HD bit or PON bits configuration. Output buffers can be used regardless of the selected LCD supply source, internal or external. The LCD pixels are individually controlled by setting or clearing the corresponding bits of the LCD data register. The STM32L4, which can control LCD displays with up to 8 common terminals and up to 44 segment terminals to drive 176, 44x4 or 320, 40x8 LCD pixels, uses LCD RAM data registers made up of 16x32 bits, 2 32-bit words per COM. To make LCD software efficient and to optimize LCD alphanumeric coding, we use a matrix. Each matrix element corresponds to one bit of the LCD RAM register at a ratio of 15 to 0. For example, to enable pixel A connected to SEG2 and COM0, M20 must be set to 1. As a result, bit 2 of COM0 in the LCD RAM register is set to 1. Thanks to the double buffer memory feature, the LCD RAM register can be updated at any time by the application without affecting the integrity of the data displayed and without having to use interrupts to control display modifications. The application software can access the first buffer level, LCD RAM. Once its content is modified, it requests the updated information to be moved into the second buffer level, LCD display. This operation is done synchronously with the beginning of the next frame. Two interrupt events are available with the LCD controller. They both share the same interrupt vector. A start of frame interrupt is set each time a new frame starts to help synchronize software events. The update display done interrupt is set once the new LCD RAM data is moved into the second buffer level, LCD display, to update the display. This operation is performed synchronously at the beginning of the next frame. The LCD controller supports all STM32L4 low power modes, making it very efficient in terms of power consumption. In standby and shutdown modes, the controller is off. Refer to the training modules for these peripherals linked to the LCD interface. Reset and clock controller or RCC for more information about the LCD controller's clock sources. Interrupts for more information about the mapping of the LCD controllers interrupts. General Purpose IOs or GPIO for more information about the LCD controller's segment and common lines, as well as the VLCD PIN. And Power Controller or PWR for a description of the LCD controller's low power modes.


DigiKey presents. And Ada, bring you, it's now time for IonMPI. That's right. And this one is for all the people who are doing CNC builds. We're like, how come you don't cover any motor drivers on IonMPI? Well, today we're gonna take a step in the right direction. Yeah. With these stepper drivers. And we're gonna keep with the pyramid theme. That's right. Which company is this and what do they make? This is Trinamic. And they're a German motor control company that they make really high quality stepper motor drivers. And one of the things they're kind of famous for is their stepper drivers are really silent. They figured out a way to microstep motor so you don't get that annoying squeak that most people are used to with stepper motors and we'll show off a demo. So the chip today, the chip today is the Trinamic TMC 2226. Just came out and it's an HT SOP shaped, the 28 pin stepper motor driver. It drives one stepper motor. What's really cool is it can drive a stepper motor at 2.4 amp peak, 2 amp RMS continuous, which is more than the previous models and more than most stepper drivers. So if you wanted to upgrade your CNC build to handle a little bit more current, this is your motor driver. Okay. So first thing, if you open the data sheet, they've got this awesome logo. It's like a stepper motor but as a speaker and then a big no sign. No, no, no making noise. This is the big thing. The big thing is that they're called like silent steppers. So this is what they're they're good at and it's, you know, people often upgrade their lower cost or not as high quality stepper motor drivers choose Trinamic drivers because like CNC machines and 3D printers can be have pretty noisy stepper drivers if they're not running this silent technology. Okay. So stepper drivers, you know, as James actually was researching stepper drivers and they, you know, this is all the pins on the chip. There's a lot of power and ground pins. There's 28 pins. It looks a little scary, but it's not so bad. And there's basically three ways to drive it. And the first one is the simplest kind of the legacy style where you give it power and ground, give a couple capacitors. And then there's two pins that set the microstepping so you can set it to be like, I think one eighth, one sixteenth. Let me look it up because I want to make sure I get this right. Yeah, one eighth microstepping, one sixteenth, one thirty-second, one sixty-fourth. So you can do that just by setting these two pins, which are labeled here MS1, MS2. And then you have step and durr. And when, you know, durr is high, the stepper always goes in one direction and then you drop pin, the durr pin low, it goes in the other direction. And then every time the step pin toggles, the stepper and motor steps in one direction. So it's very simple. It can be driven by any micro computer, you know, micro controller. It's extremely easy. You can use three or five volt logic. And then the motor, you give it, I think, up to like thirty-six volts. Okay, so that's like the simplest way. But there's also this like other kind of interesting way to drive it. So up top you see there's the SD step direction and then the stepper motor and you just need some sensor sisters. But they also have a UART interface, which is kind of interesting because it lets you control up to four of these TMC steppers in a more advanced fashion by sending it like these like CNC, sorry, CRC UART packets. And it uses a one bi-directional, so like half duplex UART. You know, you can actually also tell it when it's like, okay, some of the, you don't want to get started quickly, you can download these chi-cat files. And it's rare. Usually you get like a PDF, or maybe you'll get like Orcat or Altium. They usually don't use an open source tool. But I think makers will really like this. If you, you know, use chi-cat, it's open source schematic capture and layout software. So you can see here, this is a pretty easy board to put together. And I have a demo, maybe I thought we'd Yeah, we have a demo and we have a video. So let's look at the demo and then we'll play a video. Yeah, so I thought I'd show the chip and then I'll show the demo. So I got some of these chips. So the secret of this package is it's got this huge ground plane on the bottom here that's used for heat sinking. So on my prototype, you know, I don't have a pad on that. So I can't overdrive this motor. But that's what lets you do that, you know, high current 2.4 amp peak per coil winding. But it's not a very big chip. It's easy to pick in place. You can even hand solder it. So this morning I soldered it onto one of our TSOP 28 breakouts. And I have it hooked up here to just a metro. And this is that step direction interface. So I have pin three connected to direction and pin two connected to step and I'm just having it toggles. Let me turn it on. And you can see this is just smoothly turning this stepper motor is really easy to get started. And it's really, really quiet. This is doing I think one eighth microstepping and like, you can't hear it at all. Super quiet. So this I think would be a great upgrade to a 3D printer project, or a CNC, you know, robot, or, you know, a drawing robot, anything that uses stepper motors, especially when you need a lot of torque, you need a lot of current. And the price is the same as other stepper drives about $1, $50, $60 in quantity from Digikey. Okay, and let's play a little bit of video. So it's a couple minutes. We'll see you on the other side and tell you where to get on Digikey. Okay. Spread cycle is Trinamix Advanced Chopper mode that gives you best performance in smoothest motor operation with every step of your target current sine wave form, especially during zero crossing. This is done by Trinamix patented mixed decay mode where every fast decay phase gets adapted with every chopper cycle. Stairs Chop is Trinamix new patented one of its kind voltage controlled mode, which enables absolute quiet stepper motor control in low and medium velocity ranges with maximum torque. On top of that, the movement of the motors even more smooth than with spread cycle and a micro step resolution of 256 to give best performance at any velocity Trinamix stealth shop drivers allow automatic switching between stealth shop and spread cycle. This is done by setting a velocity threshold in one of its registers. The difference here is that current controlled chopper modes like spread cycle always reacts to the coil current measurement in a cycle by cycle base. This results in the typical stepper motor noise or even hissing or chirping. Stealth shop is using a fixed frequency which leads to absolute quiet stepper motor operation. Stealth shop is driving a clean sine wave current into the motor coils without adapting the frequency every chopper cycle. This leads to less current ripple and an incredible smooth run of the motor. The first time I saw stealth shop in the development, I couldn't believe that this actually is a stepper motor. You see on the tablet four different micro step resolutions are used for this video. Full step common 16 times micro stepping for many companies still state of the art spread cycle with 256 micro steps and stealth shop. I will go through each mode on the tablet now. Starting with full stepping and the velocity of around 100 rpm, you clearly hear the audible noise switching to 16 times micro stepping already reduces the noise a lot. Switching to 256 micro steps and Trinamix spread cycle technology reduces audible noise dramatically and makes the movement much smoother switching to stealth shop makes the movement even smoother and the motor is completely silent. We can increase the velocity here to around 300, but that's not the limit. Okay, and here's where to get it on Digikey and as always, we have the product. I'm sure your ID and the short URL. Yep. So they look like they got a couple reels of this and I bought like the first five like this was a this is a super hot new product.  But I know people who are always looking for the next big upgrade for their CNC project. So I thought I would get this out there. You can pick up the chips at Digikey is just search for TMC 2226 or go to that short URL and check it out. And then of course, download the CAD CAD files so you can get started immediately on upgrading your CNC bot. That's I am MPI this week.