Hello and welcome to NewsClick. We're back with the installment of Signs of Our Time with Professor Ajaz Ahmed. Ajaz, welcome to NewsClick. Thank you very much. Good to see you. On the 3rd of September in the New York Times, there was an interesting article written by Gary Bass about some tapes that had been released of Nixon and Kissinger in 1971 talking about India. Bass was the author of the book The Blood Telegram, which went over U.S. diplomatic history. It was quite a critical account of U.S. diplomatic history during the 1971 war. Most of the conversation about this essay and then what had been released as a consequence of Bass's freedom of information requests has been about the quite nasty things that Nixon and Kissinger said about Indians in particular, but of course, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi specifically. Is this all really that one should talk about with these revelations and with 1971 or surely there's something deeper that we should get to? Yes, that misogyny and racism was quite evident and quite repulsive. I mean, one feels repulsed, but I actually reflect both on the mentality of the imperialists and the mediocrity, cultural mediocrity of people who rule these countries, that in a White House conversation among the rulers of America, they can go on with that sort of thing. So it's both. It's revealing about the character of those people. The other thing though that stands out in those is that they're not the least concerned about the suffering of the Bangladeshis at that time, East Pakistanis. They're not at all interested in how to resolve this problem, etc. The focus is entirely on how to prevent a war which would deflect attention from the planned secret visit to Beijing, Kissinger's famous visit to Beijing, through Pakistan. And they're not talking so much about the war, but you realize that at the moment, at the moment they're working through Pakistan, this is a corridor to China, and part of their support for Pakistan and part of the irritation with India is actually based on that this war that Indians are about to fight would disrupt their geopolitics with. So then therefore, you now sort of ask yourself what kind of historical moment was it? What was at stake in that? And what have been the consequences of that? And why was the US always, for one reason or another, favoring Pakistan? Whereas due strategically speaking, if you just look at the surface of it, India was a much bigger country, more powerful country with far more sophisticated political structures and so on. On the surface, they always talked about the world's two largest democracies and so on and so forth, but the alignment was with Pakistan. This is a very, very interesting question in itself. And that interests me. Of course, immediately after independence, Americans did want to have primarily a relationship with India, but they could only have relationships with plants. You know, this thing that Bush later said, you're either for us or against us. Actually, that is what Ellen Dulles says about non-alignment. Non-alignment was not good enough. You have to be aligned with us. And therefore, this, you know, now who we are in India, not wanting to be a client of anybody wanting to have positive relations with all these parts. And actually, Nehru wanted to be friends with the United States very much. He was very much inclined to. But so there was that moment. But again, for Pakistan, the strategic relationship with Pakistan was both its location. In those days, the kind of technology you had in the 50s, early 60s, YouTube was a very big thing. And having a YouTube base, Pakistan did not have a contiguous or even close to the Soviet Union, which was, in American eyes, the main enemy. China was enemy, but China was weak, backward, was no threat to the Americans, as such, except, and I'll come to that. So, Pakistan had that geo-strategic position. Second, Americans were very aware of China-Sino-Soviet split, and they knew that they could make a wedge through this split, and they could use it to their own advantage. And therefore, Pakistan was particularly important because it could serve and eventually did serve as a conduit to establish relations between China and India. These were long-term objectives. But what was the immediate objective for the Americans? Absolutely immediate. A lot of the Soviet support for Vietnam used to go through China. If you normalize relations with China and say to them, well, what can we do about that? And to minimize Chinese support to Vietnam. That is to say, draw a wedge among these socialist countries using what dissensions already existed. So, within the context of the Vietnam War, the Americans are already losing that war by 71, creating difficulties for the Soviet Union to deliver support and trying to, hoping to persuade China to stop supporting Vietnam with very big strategic interests. And that is what is really in their minds. And it's really quite astonishing that Bangladesh itself is actually not in their minds. How to somehow prevent the war, at least postpone it until after the trip? I was very struck by actually Kissinger's, especially Kissinger's, but also Nixon's emphasis on that. Maybe that's a good point to talk a little about that, because it's true. They are quite crude and repulsive in the manner in which they're talking to each other. There is something quite terrible happening in what was then East Pakistan. You were very active at that time in the movement to prevent what would became cascading atrocities and so on. You're right. They don't have any empathy for the people of then East Pakistan. Could you just lay out very quickly for our viewers, many of whom may not also know what was happening at the time during the length of 1971, before the war broke out? Look, Pakistan at one level was really an untenable country, which had two of its wings separated by a stretch, a geographical stretch in which some 400 million people lived. In India, the whole widths of India, there are two sides. The East Pakistan, which is to say what became Bangladesh, East Pakistan was culturally and otherwise ethnically as the word now is much more homogeneous than any other South Asian country, certainly not Pakistan, Pakistan for major nationalities and so on. But 70% of Pakistani Pakistani population and at least 70% of the wealth is Punjabi. So during that time, it was essentially Pakistani domination of Bangladesh on East Pakistan. To cut the long story short, Bengalis were an absolute majority. They had won the absolute majority of seats in National Assembly. I was involved in these things. I talked to some of the top leaders and intellectuals of that movement. They repeatedly said, what interest would we have now that we have won these elections? Absolute majority. What interest would we have in a session when we control the whole country? So all we want to say to Mr. Bhutto is please sit in opposition and we'll normalize. The Pakistan is a democratic country. We should cooperate on that. I can answer some anecdotes I'll tell you in a moment. So there was that from the Bangladesh side. Bangladesh would not have fought for independence except for the atrocities. When the West Pakistani government, there's a book that Bhutto wrote on what he called the great tragedy. There's an amazing moment in which negotiations are going on in Dhaka. The three parties are Mujibur Rahman, Bhutto and Yahya Khan. Mujibur Rahman says something why he can't stay and can we have another adjourn the meeting and so on. And as they adjourn and disperse, Mujibur Rahman holds Bhutto by the arm and says we need to talk. Takes him into the garden and said look we could not talk inside because the army is listening devices. You and we have won an election. We have to fight the army together and we have to reach upon a formula to which the army is not a party. So you and we have to open a dialogue separate from this. And then we can figure out both things. Then he also says to Bhutto we are both progressive parties. We can have a very different program. Bhutto says that he said to Mujibur Rahman, army is the strong pillar of Pakistani politics. I will never betray Pakistan. I am not going to make to do any of this, et cetera. This is in Bhutto's book. This is not Mujibur Rahman speaking. This is Bhutto's book. So what did Bhutto and others, I mean we can talk about those motivations separately.  How did Bhutto and expect from China or the United States with kind of support which might have saved Pakistan for them to rule is not clear to me. My sense is that he did not expect that much support. My sense is that he opted to break up the country and become a head of state of an independent country rather than a country in which he would be helped to sit in opposition. And this is something he says. That was his stand.  To which they said well win some seats from East Pakistan. You won't be in opposition. Et cetera. So that is how I understand it. I think Bhutto wanted the break up and did not want to make a compromise in Mujibur Rahman. One last thing and I was very involved about it. So it's very real for me. After the Indian forces had crossed Babna in India, Poland produced resolution in the Security Council asking for ceasefire in place. So this obviously saw you do. I was actually in New York from where I was doing all that stuff. I knew the people, the Algerian diplomats and Tanzanian diplomats. Now I don't remember if the Tanzanians were one of the non-permanent members of the Security Council but Algeria I remember was. And they had a very interesting take. They said look of course what's happening is for it. Et cetera. But you can't break up great big countries. Once they start this business of breaking up countries because etc. So we have to do something anyway. So once Poland put that resolution there, there was an immense effort to get to Pakistan to accept it from all these people. And the idea was to save Pakistan. Soviet Union did not want to break up Pakistan. They wanted to create a military advantage for India. So that Indian forces had crossed Babna, ceasefire in place. Negotiations began under the supervision of the Security Council, power sharing, etc. The Algerians, the Tanzanians also got in touch with me at that time. Can you people do something and so on. There was a very famous individual called Yusuf Bach, the Kashmiri gentleman. We can talk about it some other day. But the point is that Yusuf, Yusuf Bach, when I asked him what do you do in the Pakistan embassy, he said somewhere between the Piyan and the High Commissioner. He was very close to Vittor. He wrote all Vittor's speeches and so on. So Yusuf Bach said, told me that he said to Vittor, please accept the ceasefire. The Soviets have given you an opportunity to save your country. He said, yes, I know that. But if I do that, they won't let my plane land in Islam. I can save the country. But then I have to accept it. So anyway, that's the historical moment that those tapes are in the middle. The fact is that they are historical tapes and they tell us a lot about the mentality of the, as you said, the kind of people who govern very powerful countries like the United States. As you said, it's most likely a matter of irritation that Indira Gandhi or at least the contradictions of South Asia were going to prevent their own plans. I mean, they were mostly interested in their own plans and their own plans came to fruition. It's not like Kissinger wasn't able to go to China and the deal wasn't cut and so on. But coming back again to the question of independence of India's foreign policy in this period or, you know, however one understands it, there were atrocities committed in East Pakistan. Indian Army did end up intervening. I mean, there is something interesting because in Gary Bass's book, The Blood Telegram, he does talk a lot about the indifference of US diplomacy to this level of suffering. And I think that bears some comment that it's not just Kissinger and Nixon being nasty about Indian women in general or Indira Gandhi, that misogyny and vulgarity. There's something about it there, yeah. Actually, but you see, first of all, that indifference, their indifference to the people, they themselves killed and, you know, Iraq, Syria, Libya, you begin to understand that this is an imperial mentality which is completely indifferent to human suffering. You know, this reflects very, very deeply. In the United States again, the history of atrocities on their own people and this misogyny and, you know, their unattractive, etc., etc. they produce to any children, etc. This is their own history from the time of slavery on. This is part of what in these stages is called white supremacy. You know, indifferent to the lives of people of these countries, deep misogyny, deep racism, and their own interest, their own interest overrides everything. I need to just make this visit. Now, you could pay, they could pay attention to what was actually going on in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and say, okay, we'll go to Beijing some other day. It isn't as if the Chinese would object to some postponement of it. You know, so an overriding preoccupation with their own geopolitics and this mass suffering of people, mass suffering imposed by your ally and, in fact, with your weapons, completely indifferent to that. And because India has has had this independent policy or whatever you put it, and it really was independent at the time of Indira Gandhi. Therefore, you dislike them and therefore this immense burden of having hundreds of thousands, maybe a million or whatever the number, the refugees and so on. None of it matters to you. You know, there aren't even words of sympathy for India having to play this role. And interestingly, there's no discussion of the fact that India effectively will break up the country of their ally. They're not even interested in that. So share indifference, your just background material for their ambitions. One of the outside contexts of this is that 1971 was a particularly difficult year for the Vietnamese liberation movement. It's also a year where a number of scandals came to court, including William Kelly of the Mai Lai. You know, while they're talking in the White House, these scandals are swirling about. There was Operation Texas Star taking place as they are talking. I mean, the sheer violence against the Vietnamese people, the use of chemical weapons and so on. Eventually, the final bombings of Hanoi, the TNT was greater than the two atomic bombs dropped on Nagasaki and Hiroshima. But so that is another way of looking at it, that these are people who are indifferent to their own victims. Whatever takes it doesn't matter if you kill every Vietnamese, which they tried very hard. So you know, there's certain, you learn something about the imperial mindset. It is vulgar. It is misogynistic. It is racist. And it is indifferent to human suffering. And these are the people who talk about democracy, human rights, this that and the other. It's extraordinary, you know, disjunction. And these are the people who talk of democracy and human rights, et cetera. Eja Sehma, thanks a lot for joining us at NewsClick. Thanks.


This is TFNN the Tiger financial news network Good morning, everybody. I'm tell me about my incoming alive from TFNN We got markets on Friday folks coming into July 4th weekend. We are accelerating higher To somewhat recent highs S&Ps just below that price level right now in terms of where we were. That's a weekly Let's put it back to a daily. We're charging higher to 44 78 recent highs of about 44 93 in the S&Ps back on June 16th S&Ps up by just shy of 1% right now Nasdaq trading higher Nasdaq up 1.5% 15,320 about a hundred and twenty hundred and fifty points I should say it from the highs that we had recently June 16th as well now right now up 200 points. You see the divergence, right? Highs in the Dow you're going back all the way on this chart back to December didn't quite got up to that level on June 16th like the other markets and the Russell talk about a different story there But charging higher as well up by seven tenths percent crude above $70 $70 37 cents We got some inflation data this morning We'll get over to in a moment you get the gold contract up by three dollars at 19 21 and yeah You jump to notes and bonds the tenure flat at 1204.  Not so much We're sitting at about 1345 in this market coming into the long weekend talking about excuse me those inflation numbers the headline Inflation cools spending stay spending stagnates as economy loses steam So you got the PCE the personal consumption expenditure out this morning. That's the Fed's preferred inflation gauge here are the numbers PCE month-over-month point one percent the core PCE a little bit more important with the Fed looks that take out food and energy a 0.3% month-over-month exactly in line core PCE year-over-year slightly under the estimate of 4.7% in real consumer spending flat when they were looking for a little bit of a rise the market They take those numbers man, and they run with it as the market leader this market 44 80 in the S&P's and we got to talk about Apple folks first time ever We got a three trillion dollar company you jump over the analyze tab or the thinkorswim platform market cap 3.0 23 trillion dollars for apple Stay tuned folks We got programming on Friday Have a great weekend out there have a safe weekend and as I said be careful folks You having some cocktails in a barbecue order up an uber. It's too easy not to and we'll see you back in wednesday. Stay tuned folks


Good morning everyone. I apologize. The handout you have has some errors. I've made corrections. So the paper is for reference and feel free to recycle it after the talk. The PowerPoint here has updated information. I had some pre-2014 reconstructions and little things I changed. So it's something to refer to and scribble on and whatever you feel like. So as the title suggests here, I'm applying the backs of cigar old Chinese reconstructions as a point of reference. And it is useful to me because it has a lot of reference to the attic, which is my interest. My question is how do I know sometimes whether these are actually old Chinese or maybe some other period loans? Because there's always a degree of certainty and it's never 100%. And I'm also interested in the timing of these things and I'll talk about that a little bit. So I'll talk about the role of old Chinese in reconstructing early Vedic culture and its change after synodic influence. That's what I've been increasingly interested in. And I suppose the best term for what I am doing is ethno-historical linguistics. A linguistic ethno-history? I don't really know what to call it. It's not philology, so it's something a little different. Maybe someone has a better term. Regardless of the term, I'm taking an interdisciplinary approach and I'm exploring human sociocultural history using linguistic evidence. And I'm looking at the linguistic evidence in light of the sociocultural history. It's a blend. For example, I'll use semantic domain analysis to talk about some of the cultural aspects. So it involves a mixture of data and analytical approaches within disciplines where people disagree on things. So it's necessarily a matter of weight of evidence, I suppose, because each of the disciplines have their own theoretical approaches. So I'm going to start with a couple of quotes. So how do you connect historical sociolinguistics and maybe ethno-archaeology? So I'm going to give you a couple of quotes here. This is Audre Cour, the translation here by Guillaume, actually, but it's soon to be published, I guess.  So that bold print there under the cultural influence of Chinese as it has to by language. It's a nice, simple sentence. It just requires books and books of writing to explain and clarify, right? And so on the other side, or not the other side, but on the other side is Haigam, Charles Haigam is a top Southeast Asian archaeologist. The direct Chinese contact with Domson people is the most likely means whereby knowledge of iron is reached. Bakbo is the kind of northern region of Vietnam as you're referring to. Now, this could potentially benefit from the linguistic side of things. He wasn't looking at the linguistic side of things. So let's consider a sample here of lexical evidence. As you can see there, these terms for metals here and in the various language groups. And pretty evident that metallurgy in southern China and northern Vietnam starts in a very early period. That's what it would appear. So focusing on the Vietnamese and Vietic forms there, a gang there for steel, that's pretty clearly related. These, however, are a little more problematic. And you see there the proto-Dai and mommy-informed match reasonably well. I don't know quite what to do with this. And yet it seems pretty clear that this is not just chance similarities. It's pretty strong evidence from the archaeological side that iron age emerges with the arrival of the Chinese. So this is the kind of question I have in mind where there's uncertainty because these are sporadic borrowings and that sort of thing. So the kind of points of inquiry are considering what Vietic was like before and in the immediate centuries after the contact, the kind of convergence period in those first few centuries and not just Vietic, of course. And I'm interested as much as I can find refinement and periodization of the lexical borrowing.  And along the way, when you're looking at all of these, you have to consider the strengths and weaknesses of each of the disciplines and of course what any one human being can do with taking on multiple disciplines at the same time. But anyways, to provide sufficient weight of evidence, that's basically the way to do it with this point. Okay, so to talk a little bit of considering the sociocultural aspect, we can consider modern Vietic cultural, sociocultural structures. So what I mean, for example, here, a state level, the Vietnamese is considered at the state level, less this is today, but just to consider this as a model for the past. The moon groups, which are largely chieftains, less cynicized, but very much, I forgot to click that red button there, pretty much Vietnamese and moon are in that cynosphere. So I was in the cynisfil, complex tone systems, monosyllabic. Whereas these others, we're going to be used to this, the Bong Joon groups, other Vietic languages are more or less in that category of monchomeritipology and pre-citibals. They have some tones or a register, it's very conservative, but if you see the languages described, they are recognizably monchomer in structure. So this sort of language and society, there is some correspondence, and so that's the way to consider what the origins of Vietic culture are in this region here. This is that so-called Bac Bo region, there it is, Bac Bo. And the Dam Son culture, if you've heard the term, is centered in Northern Vietnam there and in the Red River Delta region. Gola is the center, Gola is a state-level society. That's more recent in the literature at this point that it's been established as state-level. So Dam Son culture is generally considered to be the source of Vietnamese culture, and if so, we can assume that it constitutes a proto-Vietic speech community, and Vietic there for me is that I'm not taking any particular position on any language or as a group of languages, we don't have that much information. With this emergence of the, again, Gola state by 200 BC, but certainly was surrounded by chieftains and tribes, those different levels of society. So it may have reached state-level here, but of course there would have been a variety of socio-political units outside. So we must assume, however, that the whole region was a monochromatic type Austro-Asianic language. So this is what we are, so different from today, this is the pre-citizization period. So that's the assumption of what I take to be this general circumstances for this synthetic Vietic contact of that period. Okay, so the lexical data, back to the lexical data. So as Audrey Cork claimed, lexical evidence shows Chinese cultural influence. This influence led to massive linguistic restructuring throughout the synisphere, fine. We don't focus on the literary sign of Vietnamese. Generally when people say sign of Vietnamese, that's what they mean, they mean the sort of literary level. So this is the short end LSB for literary sign of Vietnamese or late sign of Vietnamese in contrast with early sign of Vietnamese. So those are the terms I'll use. This is very formalized, high phonological consistency, absolute certainty. I can check it in a dictionary and I know it's sign of Vietnamese. Early sign of Vietnamese ESV rather than OSV for while I used OSV. We focus on that. This is largely from spoken transmission. We expect some mixed consistency in the phonological performance as I provide an example of it at the beginning. A degree of high to low certainty and just sometimes you can't know really and I keep them in the list and just label them low certainty, immediate certainty, high certainty. It's very rare that I label an old Chinese form complete certainty even though in my mind I'm certain. Okay, so we need some extra linguistic evidence to deal with the inconsistencies and then take historical and archaeological evidence. Okay, so one of the kinds of evidence is comparative. So the kinds of data are expected, comparatively risk of data as I've shown in those instances of words for metals. Historical documents and I'll provide a couple of brief examples of that to change historical documents. Of course the archaeological data and we've got approximate dates of material objects. As far as associated actions and cultural concepts we can only make inferences about those things, right? So we have the data. Intangible items are of course harder to deal with but certainly for ethno-historical purposes you keep the inferences in mind. So let's turn to examples of these types. Okay, in comparative evidence we want phonological patterns and of course the strongest indicator are the types of this, I'm going to call it shorthand, shang-chu reversal. It's not really a reversal, in a sense it's a reversal. So in that early period, or the late period, we find shang-chu and in that early period these are the reverse of them. So there's my early sign of Vietnamese, that little curved tone there means that's the shang category. That sock tone means it's a two category but it means it's the opposite. So that's pretty robust and consistent with the idea that there were no tones, final bottle stopped, final fricatives. And so those are pretty strong linguistic indicators. Sometimes we have words which don't have so much information so back at the gang steel indication that ping shang doesn't tell me much necessarily because of course it's not indistinctive in a sense as well as ru shang, not very distinctive. But the initials here, I guess it was discussed yesterday, some that kind of lenition at the initials, the G is more like the, that's a velar fricative essentially, those sorts of things. Also vowels tend to be a little bit of defongation and those are generally useful indicators of the time. The odd one is the level tones from shu shang. So that kind of goes counter to this category up here but I keep finding more of these and so we find this ping shang level tone, there's no tone on there, or what are evidently shu shang final fricatives. And so it's odd because here the speaker's recognizing here something else is happening instead of that's an interesting question to consider. Backstreet's cigar, I've noted. Okay, the phonological categories of old Chinese loans and early sign of Vietnamese are corroborated by old Chinese loans that go to die, Hmong Vien as well as Vieting. So a bit of comparative evidence, so when I find these kinds of things, okay, good, I find tonal correspondences, good. So it's beyond Vietic looking at the others and going okay, well they match too. Even some things like the particular vowel that Vier did use, the back on the rounder vowel as in the proto-die form. I've noticed a few instances of that. Oh, you see the sources there. Vieting is actually Michelle Ferguson and I don't know if I'm supposed to cite this stuff or not. It's unmonquering. So it should be okay to cite it. Okay, so the comparative evidence is useful in establishing some of the words as old Chinese or not, well, old Chinese or at least in the early period, not necessarily old Chinese. That's another question I'll get to at the end of the talk here. Okay, let's get a sample historical record and you don't have to read the whole thing, but this text referring from the fifth century back to the first century in that region of northern Vietnam there, that's the political administration there. And I identified the words just for fun, essentially. I'm not claiming that these words are old Chinese words just because they're in this text exactly, but did it historical documentation that these concepts were introduced into the region? Now I'm going to give the caveats after I say that, of course. Okay, so essentially saying Xi Guang brought all of those things to northern Vietnam. Well, that's a very bold statement. So I've picked out some of these words, so this is evidence of the possibility that these words were introduced in this approximate period. That's all. No strong claims, but it is evidence that one should not ignore and throw away. Okay, but of course there are problems in identifying early sign of Vietnamese through these historical documents, right? So historians know such texts are fraught with uncertainties and the Ho Han Shu excerpt is referring to something centuries before. It's largely taken from and written as a court document to an emperor. So in addition to its usual literary Chinese conciseness which doesn't give much information, it's compounded by bias, and so we cannot take it at face value. There are reconstructable forms for these kinds of things in Austro-Asianic, soon proto-Austro-Asianic for some of these things. So in addition, the Dumson culture at already reached a state level society and they had rice agriculture for some centuries before. So what does this mean when the document says Xi Guang introduced these things? Well, certainly there were some administrative pushes to do certain things. So we have to take the evidence skeptically, but it's certainly useful to consider as a source of that extra-linguistic data. Okay, let's see. So a couple of other historical examples. Well here, you can see there's just brief information. I have not come across wells in the archaeological literature in the Baqou region. There are some for Chinese that go well, early Han, Western Han, I've forgotten the term now, but to replicas of wells that are buried with people in tombs and that sort of thing. So it was well established tradition, but there's this horrible evidence of the Nguangmong region in that first period. And then we have the correspondence of the tomes. So it brings in a little bit of extra-linguistic evidence to suggest, oh indeed, yes, it was mandated in the region at that time, at that approximate time. Part of the clothing in that previous sample, this excerpt, I'm not sure what to make of the timing of the loss of the final k and that sort of thing, but certainly it was, they used a different word in the historical text. It was guang, you know, something like approximate of that term for hat, headwear. And finally, some censuses from that same period suggest if you're taking censuses and you are collecting taxes, household administration becomes common. And what I don't quite know is I expect the tone, the Shang-Tu reversal, and it's not there, and I don't quite know what to make of it, the old Chinese reconstruction is this, but it has a shun. So I thought it would be a shun, but I don't know enough about that. So I'm not sure what to make of this in terms of the timing. I need some more clarification there. Okay, now archaeological data. We've covered comparative, historical, archaeological data. There are numerous caveats that one must keep in mind. They are very poximate times. They are disagreeing in some of the researchers, such as when the Bronze Age began in Southeast Asia, things like that. There's uncertainty in the timing of loanwords. Loanwords could have come in at that time. They could have come in much later. I have no way to confirm any of that, right? So regarding the archaeological evidence, you have to put out the caveats up front. We can infer cultural practices and concepts, but they're never non-disprovable. I can never prove or disprove absolutely, for example, that marriage was or was not introduced at that time. A lot of it is inferential. Having said that, we can still use some of the data. Oh, yes, of course, there are gaps in the data. There are gaps in the archaeological data. There are gaps in the lexical data. That's the way it is. So we can deal with whatever data we're able to find. Okay, so first example is the word for sword, which appears in the Makbo region in a very late B.C. period. Bronze knives and axes were part of the Donsan culture several centuries prior. So it's not that the Chinese did not bring in the Bronze Age. That's several centuries before. The Iron Age, not the Bronze Age, okay? But swords specifically are considered to be largely innovations from the north. There's also support of this for this Pingcheng for a Chucheng category word. So we've got a combination of historical, archaeological, and linguistic data to strengthen that as a pre-millennial, a pre-the turn of the millennium time. Polished mirrors are very common in the Han style Thames in Northern Vietnam. I'm going to mention mirrors in mainland Southeast Asian archaeology prior to this period. Unlike, for example, the bronze drums, if you're familiar with those, that's well studied. The mirror is not so much. So as far as I can tell, this is something that arrives with the Chinese. So the archaeological evidence is not as early as swords, a little bit later. Again, at that first century B.C.E. is where a lot of this seems to have happened. A lot of the archaeological evidence really focuses on that first century B.C.E. There are things before that something really did happen at that time. Okay, even the last volts in that region. Again, to that first century B.C.E. Oh, and we've got our expected tone. Oh, yes. We've got our final valve stop versus final fricking-type tone. They're as expected. Okay. I'm going to go quickly through this one because this one can take a while. Tile. Interesting because of the final off-lie. No, as far as I can tell, no modern very Chinese has it. It's all ah. Momin dai. Ah. Vietnamese final off-lie. Ah. Apparently, I guess, cigar, but I guess it would have been Bill Baxter who first noted it in the odes, I guess, and I forgot when it was mentioned exactly. Rhymes in the odes. Okay, so that's the only evidence. Rhymes in the odes. So that's good. That's linguistic evidence. Archaeological evidence. In our recent study, thousands of ceramic roof styles dating to this earlier period. This is much earlier. This is not the first century. Seed in the first century, or really second century. Easy. Large numbers of tiles. They don't appear elsewhere. It's all in this concentrated period. At the co-law site that I mentioned before. Okay. Context of increasing political status and legitimacy in this emerging state. Fine. No Chinese characters on the tiles, though. But it's evidently a Chinese style. So modeling of things. Okay. So. I can hypothesize, and hypothesize means one can argue against it. Of course, that it increases the likelihood that noise and synthetic borrowing and that the borrowing may have come as early as really around 200 BCE. And if so, that really is, as far as I can tell, the earliest evidence of an old Chinese loan. I haven't found anything. For example, in the Warren states period. This is West Kong, essentially. It's a very beginning of West Kong. The takeaway here is that the combination of this increases the certainty of it. And with those, we have archeological evidence. Okay. So now, talking about semantic domains. So I'm going to go over a couple of categories of semantic domains here. So I've shown instances of synidic impact on early agriculture via historical and archeological data. I'll use the lexical stuff to do a little semantic domain analysis. Normally semantic domain analysis is done with living speakers. So I'm using, again, data that's incomplete, uncertain. But certainly we can see that relative age and gender was impacted. That younger is native. Older is Chinese. And from a very early period, evidently. Okay. We have this paternal versus maternal becoming stronger through the lexical evidence of old Chinese suggesting social cultural impact there. Okay. The difference between paternal and maternal size in those terms. Now, later middle Chinese words were added to supplement it. But these, apparently, based on the the tone that we've got our expected Shantou reversal here, these do appear to be in that general period. So my guess would be either the first century CE or the 300th, fourth century CE when another group arrived. And that, to me, is a question of the timing. And this has had an impact on the overall system of address and pronouns. I mean, it had a very profound impact on the terms of address and the amazing pronouns. Of course, you're introducing marriages and talk to those family structures related to that period. So it wasn't the 100s. AE wasn't the 300s. I don't know when there were more that came in the 300s. But an overall restructuring of the system. So that's a good sample of what I could do. Now, obviously, this is very cursory. But the idea that what was Austro-Asianic system before and we'd have to model what happens in other Monchimeric-type groups to see what it could have been. Okay. What kinds of changes. But the complete, virtually, loss. I mean, pronouns in Vietnamese are inappropriate to use among friends. I'm sorry, only the friends inappropriate to use in polite situations. Okay. Beyond marriage and family structure, what about trade systems? Certainly, there was a state-level society at the co-law site. But we see a number of Chinese old Chinese terms or maybe somewhat later terms from this period. And while bronze was an important part of the Dam Son culture, bronze had long been used there. Silver, gold, and coins in the archeological literature are only in the archeological record after the establishment of Chinese administration. So in sign of Vietnamese, early sign of Vietnamese is full range of market economy, materials, and concepts. So, again, this is cursory. But it suggests a significant impact on the trade system and probably the development of a complex economic system. What it was before, don't have enough information. Okay, a related issue was just general material culture. So, clothing was already mentioned as being mandated by Xi Guang. So we have those kinds of words and there's some more. Home furnishings. And what was common in Vietta culture prior to the Han arrival is less certain. But at least for now, when we combine a marriage, family, economy, and household, we have a fairly complete package, cultural package, Chinese style cultural package from this. Okay. To top it off, I'm not even going to talk about it. Of course, writing, literacy, abstract concepts of time, calendars, really quite a rich range of something that we can see. So I've got over I don't know, 300, 350 early sign of Vietnamese terms that I consider in the high certainty category, another hundred of reduced certainty. There's enough evidence to do some tentative hypothesizing. So to summarize the kind of changes here historical ethnosemantics really, that's what I've been doing. A number of... Oh, that was the two minute warning. Get ready presenters, that's what you're going to get. Okay. So I don't want I want to be careful not to assume that Vietta peoples did not have some of these practices in some of these materials. It's sensitive. And if I'm talking to Vietnamese scholars I want to be very careful. And indeed, just for scientific validity I have to be careful. There's plenty of evidence of a fairly advanced complex sociocultural, sociopolitical structure in the region. Images on the Doms Sun bronzes, the bronze drums as well, so wealthy leaders in the Doms Sun bronzes, though hats were introduced, but perhaps just Chinese style hats. Chinese style accoutrements and such. But it does appear that a complex economy was introduced. It obviously had a complex significant impact on the family system, marriage practices and that sort of thing. It's also important to notice where things did not have impact and just to remind, although numbers borrowed, Vietnamese has its own numbers, good for them, right? Not like some other groups. So there is a lot of contact and yet conversely, not a lot of grammatical vocabulary from that period, whereas I presented not long ago on Sinodai grammatical vocabulary, quite a rich array of grammatical vocabulary compared to Vietnamese. So, you know, putting this into modern structural influence, but I don't know. Maybe it's up a little bit by the socio-cultural changes. And on the last page there 26 there, oh sorry for you the panel 26, some of these transitional forms, and I'm not quite sure what to do with these. I suspect that this is see the tones they don't flip. This is totally different category. I don't know how to evaluate these yet. Are these due to different varieties of Sinodai? Did they come in a later period after tones had emerged? Some lingering questions, but if I'm going to tie in these kinds of things provide approximate dates, I need the extra-linguistic dates to be able to do that. So, oh and for example the things related potentially to Buddhism, that's clearly in the early centuries, not in the Han Dynasty that such patterns would be barbed. So I'm finished, I can answer questions and if you don't have questions now I can certainly talk with people later. And obviously I have lots of things that are challenging and hypotheses that can be challenged. But I certainly would appreciate any questions or comments or help with figuring things out. Thank you.


Hello, developers! My name is Matt Raebel and today I'd like to show you how to build a chat application using Socket I.O. and React. Let's giddy up! This screencast is based on a blog post that we published back in July of 2021. You'll see it was recently updated here in December and it shows you basically how to build a chat application with Express on the back end, React on the front end, communicating with Socket I.O. Down at the bottom it links to a GitHub repo, also this GitHub icon right there goes to it, and I have it open here and I created a demo.adoc that is a script I will use for this screencast. It's basically a condensed version of the blog post with just the steps that I'll need to develop everything. So if I click on the raw version, I have a handy dandy ASCII doctor plugin that renders it nicely in my browser. And you can see that first of all we will need Node 14, so I'm just going to put this over here on the left, open up a terminal window here on the right, and see what version of Node I had. It looks like I got a Node 14, so I'm good to go there. I also have the Octa CLI installed. So if you need the Octa CLI, you can go to cli.octa.com and there will be instructions for installing it there. So you can see the table of contents kind of outlines everything we'll do, but before that I want to mention IntelliJ Live Templates. These are snippets of code that I've prerecorded, and basically I'll type a word or two and it spits out a whole bunch of code. So you can find all of those definitions and use them yourself if you like in my IntelliJ Idea Live Templates repo. And we'll start by creating a chat server with Express and Sakadayo, and then we'll implement a client for that with React, and then we'll add user authentication with OpenID Connect, also known as OIDC. Then we'll add it on the server, we'll add it on the client, and then we'll see it all working. So the first thing we're going to do is use MPX, Express Generator, to build that chat server on the backend. It'll prompt us to install it, we'll say yes. And there it goes, pretty quick, huh? So then go to chat server, and install everything. And then we'll install Sakadayo, UUID, and Cores, Cross Origin Resource Sharing, Cross Origin Resource Sharing, that's what Cores stands for. And then we'll go in and create a chat.js. So I'm going to open this up in IntelliJ, and we'll put that on the right, put our instructions on the left here. And we'll start with creating that chat.js, new file, and this is where our chat server goes. This is one of my live templates there. And you can see it starts by importing UUID, and setting up messages and users. And then in the connection constructor, it basically configures Sakadayo. So on get messages, it'll call this method on send message, call this method, handle messages down here, and then set the time out accordingly. So it's always looking for new messages and deleting those accordingly. And then disconnecting. And so this is the setup and the export of the module. And we'll open up bin www, and we'll add these two imports at the top. And then where it says create HTTP server right here, we'll add our Sakadayo server. So that's where you configure it. You set up cores to allow any origin. Of course, if you're deploying in production, you might want to lock that down a little to say only these clients here. And then need add support to the express server. So that's an app.js here. And we'll start by importing cores. And then where it says app equals express, do app use cores. And then we can start our server, MPM start. Okay, our back ends up and running. And now we can create our front end. So I'll do this in a separate directory, not in the same one. So CD up a level, and then MPX, create react app chat client. And once that's finished, you can CD into it and install Sakadayo. We're going to do exact version 440. That's what the dashi does. So I'll get that IO dash client. All right, and then we'll open this one up in IntelliJ. And we'll open source app.js. And we're just going to replace this whole thing. You'll see it starts with importing just regular react stuff. And then it has this function for the app. And it uses sets up the state and then has an effect hook here, where it sets up that connection with Sakadayo to that back end on port 3000. And once connected, it will update the socket state, and it takes in that dependency there. And then down here, if the socket is enabled, it'll go ahead and bring up the chat container and show that. So we're going to have to create two components, messages and message input. So we'll start with creating that file, and then we'll go back and grab this one as well. And so first of all, we need to give some styling to the app. So that's my shortcut here. So it's just setting up the header, making it look good. And then setting up the chat container itself. And then in messages.js, we'll display the messages sorted by the time stamp they were created at. So this starts off with that messages function, sets up a message listener, one for deleting as well, and then configures all of those for Sakadayo. And then down here, it basically shows the message container. And you know the user message and the date. And then we need to fill in the CSS for that. So there's up here at the top, there's that messages.css. Create that file. And then we'll put some CSS in there to make things look good. And then in source messages.js, we already have that one. Now we're moving on to message input. So this is just the input field that you know you can type messages into. So you'll see the submit form handles everything. It does that Sakadayo emit sends that event. And then it catches it, you know, in that messages component. And so this is the form, the input at auto focuses tells you to type your message. And then we'll add some CSS for that. And it's just, you know, widening the form and giving that input some nice styling. And then our client is now complete. So both the client and server unfortunately by default run on port 3000. So we need to configure just this chat client to run on a different port. So we'll just do a .env file and create react app sets us up. So this will work by default. And so here we can do port equals 8080. And then we can start our client. So we already have our server running in the back end. You can see once that's up and running, you can start typing your chat. So hello world. And if you were to do it in another incognito window, well, the bulls show up anonymous because there isn't any identity associated with this information. And you'll notice here, there is this error. I did actually Google this yesterday when I was practicing. They are aware of it. I was able to reproduce the problem. So hopefully it'll be fixed. But it's just a warning. You don't really have to, you know, worry about it really affecting anything. Now we want to add authentication with open ID connects. So we actually have identity from who's chatting. So the first thing you'll need is octa CLI. So I already have that installed. You can run octa register if you don't have an octa account. And that'll actually configure everything for you. You just need a username or a user, like a first name, last name, email, and I think company name. So I've already got everything configured there. You can do octa login if you actually want to log in to your tenant. Just click on that link. And I'm going to start with octa apps create. And so we'll just do chat client or we'll just do chat with socket. I have. And then we'll do a single page app. And then for the callbacks, we're going to want to use localhost 8080 log in callback.  And then the default logout redirect URI is fine. And we'll choose our default org server. So if you have multiple authorization servers, if that one's configured properly, your second one, then everything should work just fine there. And so now what we'll do is we'll go into octa login because we need to create an API token as well. So that chat client can actually talk to our server using the node SDK from octa. So we'll log in here, open that up and we'll go into security API. And I'm just going to delete this one because I don't need it anymore. So deactivate and delete. And then tokens. We had one yesterday I created, but I don't remember what it was. So create a new one. Now it's called chat token here. And then we have that value. So make sure and copy it. And we'll put it in a clipboard over here. And so now we have our API token there. We can close that. Back to our instructions and put those back on the left. And so we have that token now. And now we'll need to install everything you need on the server for doing authentication and JWT validation. So stop that with control C and then install the JWT verifier and the octa node SDK. And then in chat.js, we'll add an authentication handler up here at the top. So we're going to use chat server for that. And now let's look at this. So it's got a JWT verifier there. It configures it for octa with your client ID and your issuer. So we'll want to replace this with what we have in our other IDE window. Where to go over here, chat client. So we got that client ID. We'll just put these in this notepad here. So we have all those values. Put the client ID in there and our octa domain. And we'll need that down here as well. And this is for that octa client to talk to get the API token and set that up. And so this octa client is used to get the user's information. So, you know, you're passing in an access token but it needs more information about the user. So it goes and gets its name that way. And this is how it verifies that access token that comes in and then it sets everything up accordingly. So we close that now. Now we'll need to set that authentication handler down in our chat function here. So that's just io.use.auth handler. So my colons are optional, but I tend to use them. And then start up the server. And now we've added octa to the server. Let's add it to the client as well. So here we can install octa react and octa auth.js which is a companion library for react. If you're using MPM six and above it'll actually install that for you but we put the instructions in there in case you're using an older version. So this will be installing that as well as react dom and react router dom. And since this app is already configured, right? With this port number we can configure these values as well. So react app octa org URL and octa client ID. Anything prefixed with react app will be automatically available with process.env that global settings over here. Client ID and octa domain. And then open the index.js. And in here we'll add our octa configuration first. So this sets up that octa auth and it uses those variables that we just specified. If you wanna use a different callback like all you have to do is change that value right there and then change the path right here. And once that's set up we can go in here and change this to be router and secured routes. And so that's all we have to do to set up the octa authentication on the front end. But we also wanna have a little more logic. So in off.js we will configure some hooks for authentication. So this is a use auth constant there that gets the state of octa auth.  So you can use it when you call the server. Otherwise it nullifies everything and configures it accordingly. And then the use auth, right? This function right here will be used as a react hook in the main application component. So going to app.js, we'll import those. And then start of the app function. We'll modify the use effect hook to send the token when connecting to the server. So we have this new socket here where it sets everything up. And we just need to pass in the token if it exists. So add that. And then we also need to configure the token as a dependency there. And that should come from one of these. So I forgot to step here. Oh, that's the chat auth hook. Okay, so that just imports from use octa auth sets up login and logout buttons basically are functions that you can call from those buttons. And then gets that token and the user. And then we'll replace the header down here with basically sign in sign out buttons as well as the user's information. So you can see based on the auth state it either says it's loading or if the user exists then it'll show that you're signed in, allow you to sign out. If you're not signed in, show you the sign in button. And now we can start this to see it all working. So no one signed in, if we said howdy, it would just be anonymous. And now if we sign in, since I already signed into my octa dashboard it said, well, we're already signed in. So no big deal. Hello from map. All right, now you can see it has my user information there. So if we were to open up another window and then Cognito window, first of all you can add a new user in your octa org. So octa login, go ahead and click on that. It'll log me in straight away. And then if you go to directory people, this is where you can add new people. So I already have my son in here and I configured him to go to my Gmail so I can receive those emails and activated him and everything. And if you wanted to add a new person you could and you can even, you know, set their password and make that all work. So close that out. And then this incognito window you can do localhost 8080, sign in. And you can see it's all working. So pretty slick, right? Like you built a whole chat server, chat client using Socket.io, OIDC for authentication works pretty slick. So congratulations, good job. Right, proud of ya. So you can find the code on GitHub. If you go to this link here you can see octa socket.io, chat example under the octa dev org and the blog post you can click on there as well. Go right to it and this will talk a little bit more about the nitty gritty details of web sockets and all that, but otherwise the instructions should be the same so you can copy and paste all this code instead of using my shortcuts. If you like this screencast, please follow me on Twitter. I'm at mrable, my team is at octa dev and we have a YouTube channel that you should smash that button and subscribe to because there's cool videos like this one and maybe you'll learn something from it. Thank you very much. Have a wonderful day. Cheers.


Hello, my name is Josh Atherton. I'm the Executive Director of the Education Foundation for the St. Frame Valley. I hope this video finds you all well and healthy during this COVID-19 pandemic. It's a scary time for a lot of us and I am thinking about all of you and I hope that all of you are well. Unfortunately, due to the pandemic, we had to cancel our event coming up, Tribute to Teachers, which is an event that allows us to recognize all of our teachers who have been NAMI for Teacher of the Year. But next best part is that we have a video and we're gonna play that video of us doing a recognition here in a few minutes. But I wanna give you just a quick information about our Merchty Fund. Our foundation has set up. This Merchty Fund is for basic service for St. Frame students and their families along with St. Frame staff, whether it's part-time, full-time, paraprofessionals, teachers, any staff. And I wanna thank the district for being a great supporter of all of our employees, but we know that a lot of you have been impacted in many ways and we wanna be there for you. Also wanna give a congratulations and thank you to Xilinx Corp for stepping up and providing a $50,000 grant to our Merchty Fund. We also just found out yesterday that UC Health is providing a $5,000 grant for us as well. And we've had hundreds of donors so far that provide to that Merchty Fund and the irony of it is a lot of them are teachers and educators, which I just think just tells about our St. Frame family. So if you are needing assistance or help, you may call the Our Center directly or go to their website at ourcenter.org and you can go through their intake process and they are setting aside our funds specifically for St. Frame students, families and staff. So thank you and I hope you all are doing well. This video is to recognize our teachers and if you're watching this, you're here for maybe a teacher that you nominated or for a school that you're a part of and make sure to cheer loud and proud, whether it's in your basement or your living room and we hope as a foundation we can see you soon and we wish you all nothing but the best. Thank you. To share a message with our teachers and in particular, we have a number of teachers that have been recently selected. Education Foundation as a result of being nominated by your peers and by students and others as one of the selections for the Teacher of the Year are a number of you and I've really enjoyed following on Twitter all of the teachers who have been selected school by school and I've tried to respond to all of you letting you know how proud I am of you and the work that you've been doing. I've also been given names by Josh Atherton who leads the Education Foundation. Anyways, it's a source of real pride for me to see the great work that you're doing. I also want to thank you and all of our teachers and our staff and everyone in St. Brain for really the incredible way that you've been navigating this current health crisis that we are facing from the delivery of the curriculum to the connections that you're making on a daily basis with our students to the outreach. You guys have always made me extremely proud and I have felt extremely honored to be able to serve on your team and to see the work that you and we have been doing in terms of public education, not only for St. Brain but throughout the entire community and the impact that we make is significant and I hope you know that the teaching profession in my estimation is the most noble of all professions. Every single profession starts with someone needing to be taught. So whether you're in the medical field or an engineer or a lawyer or whatever it is that you end up pursuing, the beginning stage for you was always going to be a teacher as it was for me and my fondest memories in life come from the times that I've spent with my family as I'm sure that's the same with you and then also those wonderful teachers that I had a chance to meet along the way. So we had a number of close to 900 people that were nominated and so you have been selected out of a very large group and Stap Toyota and one of our great partners has been extremely gracious and supportive in sponsoring this Teacher of the Year and Tribute to Teachers. Now one of the things that I'm really disappointed in is that due to this health crisis we are not going to be able to host the Tribute to Teachers this spring but I have talked to the director, to the leader or executive director of the Ed Foundation, Mr. Josh Atherton and we're hoping to do some of the celebrations in the fall when we have our Gala, our Education Foundation Gala and we'll look for other ways to recognize you as well but I just want to tell you as sincerely as I can even though I'm not able to stand up on the stage and see you face to face as I've always had the opportunity to do so but I want you to know as sincerely as I can I am extremely grateful to all of you and I could not be more proud than to be able to be part of your team. All right, next up we're gonna quickly recognize some of our sponsors who I am just so grateful that we have these sponsors for Tribute to Teachers and honestly it makes my job so much easier when we're working on this event to have those sponsors and have their input and their financial resources to really make sure this event happens and we are grateful for our sponsors and so I want to give a shout out to a couple of our sponsors but specifically our presenting sponsor which is STAP Interstate Toyota. The STAP family have always been great partners and supporters of St. Virginia Valley Schools but also as our foundation the last couple of years and I want to say thank you to Brian, to Clint, to Debbie, to all the STAP family for supporting public education and supporting your community and supporting this event and really want to say thank you. Next up is Elevation's Credit Union. What can I say about Elevation's Credit Union? They are such a great credit union and they are so supportive of our teachers and our community. It doesn't matter what an unprofit is, they step up to the plate. Really want to thank Dennis and Michelle who are just incredible people and so they're at the diamond sponsor level and again thank you to Elevation for not only supporting this event but also our foundation as a whole. And our gold sponsors, just a lot of local great companies, we have Golden Triangle Construction, we have Longmont Pediatric Dentistry, we have the St. Varene Valley Education Association and we have specialty products. Again, thank you so much to our gold sponsors for really stepping up and helping us with this event. And then our silver sponsors are Adolfson and Peterson Construction Inc. We have High Plains Bank and we have the Saylo family. Again, thank you to our presenting, our diamond and our gold sponsors and our silver sponsors for just again helping us and also want to give a shout out to all those businesses who've stepped up to the plate for in kind donations, whether it's a free massage, whether it's a free coffee that we give out to our college teachers. Those are really important for what we do and everyone just really stepped up this year for helping us. So again, thank you to all of our sponsors who have helped this event be great. Thank you. All right, I wanted to introduce our St. Varene Valley Schools Education Foundation Teacher of the Year. And this is just such a cool part of my job. It's hard for me to explain because the fact that we get to recognize educators throughout St. Varene Valley Schools is such an incredible part of what we do. But then to be able to specifically recognize someone who is just the cream of the crop, who has just done everything that they can possibly do for their students and for us as a foundation and as a school district to recognize those efforts is awesome. So I want to introduce to all of you Jeanette Rivera-Gonzalez. Jeanette is a first grade teacher over at Northridge Elementary School. Lorenda Sampson is her principal and I have gotten to know about Jeanette so much since our committee made decision that she was gonna be her teacher of the year and Lorenda could not say enough good words and kind words about Jeanette and what she does for her students. I want to give you all some background on Jeanette if at all possible. Jeanette actually immigrated here from Mexico in middle school and went to Lions Middle Senior where Mark Mills, who's one of our assistant superintendents now was her principal, which I thought was really neat. And so she came here and she learned the English language and worked really hard. And after graduating from Lions, she became a paraprofessional and spent three or four years in our school district working and then she actually went to CU Boulder and got her teaching degree and then eventually got her master's degree too. And the other part about her too is Javier is her husband. Jamie is her fifth grader who happens to also go to Northridge as well. And when I called Lorenda and asked about Jeanette, Lorenda said one of the best things about Jeanette is that her family is so supportive. Her sister, her family members come to all their events and it's a big community, what they do. And that has really helped out the family concept of their school and also her classroom. I also have a couple of nominations here too. And I thought it'd be kind of neat if we read a couple of things from here just to show you what our committee. And I'm gonna try to be as quick as possible. I'm not gonna read everything, but this one person said that Jeanette invites mothers in for recognition on Mother's Day. She helps her family see how they can help their child at home even if English is not their first language or they don't know English at all. She has high expectations of all of her students in and out of school. She gets families connected to school by sending home monthly family projects that connects with what is being taught at school. By doing this, she's showing parents that they are an important part of the child's success at school. And she also uses her teaching skills to help those in the community by helping them obtain their GED. She has also shown her students that completing high school is very important and to continue on to college. She has her students involved in goal setting and always to reach those goals at school so they can be successful. Another nomination wrote that Jeanette is an exceptional teacher who not only sets high goals for herself, but also helps all students and parents set and attain those very high goals. Every single year, the students in Miss Rivera's class meet or exceed grade level standards regardless of barriers or obstacles. Every single year, Miss Rivera welcomes a student or two who is struggling significantly elsewhere and helps that student blossom. It is truly transformational to watch all students become self-directed, innovative, motivated and connected to one another to learning at our Northridge community because of her relentless love, care, intentionality and creativity. Our committee could not think of a better teacher of the year for our foundation, for our school district. Another quick point I wanted to make is that after spring break, when all this started happening with our society and people were going to self-isolation, Jeanette told us in the video you're about to see that the connection to her students was lost, that she was really sad that she couldn't see her students on everyday basis and her and her fifth grade daughter actually made up signs and notes and delivered them to each of her students' houses outside and put signs up in their yard to let them know that they feel loved by their teacher and that she was thinking of them. I just think that that's just what our educators, all of our educators are willing to do is to go above and beyond what's being called for them. So I'm happy to introduce Jeanette Rivera-Gonzalez as our 2020 teacher of the year for the Education Foundation and for St. Ferring Valley Schools. And want to introduce our Zoom video that we actually got to do with our superintendent, Dr. Don Haddad, Northridge Elementary Principal, Lorena Sampson and myself and of course, Jeanette. Jeanette did not know what the video was about or what the Zoom meeting was about. And so she's a little shocked, but it was fun doing this given the fact that we couldn't do it in person. This is probably the best way to do it through Zoom. So I hope you enjoy. Thank you. I would like to introduce you to a special guest that just came on. And I would like to introduce you to Dr. Don Haddad and I know you've met him a few times but he's got a few words to say right now, Jeanette, okay? Okay, thank you. Alrighty, Dr. Haddad, it's all yours. All right, how are you doing, Jeanette? Good. Thank you. Are you staying safe and well and all this stuff going on? Yeah, yeah. Yeah, we've been really excited about everything that our teachers have been doing and the engagement of our students and things like that. So it's been such an impactful thing for kids. It's not only what we do for them today. It changes their lives in ways that we can't even predict. And especially when you have them at the elementary school level and then you think about how they're gonna grow up and come back, I've been able to see kids for 35 years come back and now a lot of them when I started, they're not too far behind me in terms of age and so you see just how important teaching is. But I've heard a lot of amazing things about you as a teacher. Following your career a little bit and some of your accomplishments and talking to Lorenda, some of the things that I'd like to hear a little bit about is just the way in which you connect with your students. I heard that you went to all of your students' homes and made cards for them and sit outside and let them know that you were still there for them. That's, I don't even know what to say about that because that just warms your heart and it just makes you realize what an incredible person and teacher you are. But tell me a little bit about that. That's pretty amazing. Yeah, well, that was before spring break. I remember it was, I was telling my daughter, she's also a fifth grade student at Northridge and I was telling how I was missing my students and I said, I want to make them think that I'm thinking about them. So what do we do? So with her and I, I said, why don't we make some notes for them and put them on their door and then if I make a sign and call the parents before to tell them I'm outside, tell them to come to the window at the door and I have a note for them. So even the parents were really excited, they were not expecting them and I just have a sign saying just to let them know that I was thinking about them and how much I was missing them and just to see like the, like their, sorry, their faces, you know, their smiling that really like I, when I came back home, I said my mission was completed by just seeing them, their faces and smiling through the note. So later the parents really appreciated that. And I, that's one of those things that these children will remember that for the rest of their life. I mean, that kind of outreach is just, it's just an incredible thing that you did. They will remember that forever and that's that, you know, that touch of safety and warmth and reassurance in a time where they're probably wondering a lot about what's going on, you know, first graders and figure all of this out and then they see, you know, a smiling friendly face and they think everything's gonna be okay. So thank you for that. You know, one of the things that I know about you too is that you have consistently exceeded all of the benchmarks for your students and their performance in terms of reading and English and bi-literacy and I just think that that's a combination of things. So on one hand, you're one of the most caring people and you could ever meet. And on the other hand, you still hold your students to high expectations and cause them to succeed. And that's really the amazing thing about teaching and what sets teachers apart is when you can love them and you can also expect a lot out of them. And you can do that at the same time. And that's what makes for a special teacher. You know, Larinda said something to me when I said, you know, kind of capture in a nutshell what you think of Jeanette and she said that you are truly a gift to education and a huge anchor at Northridge. And that no matter which child comes into your classroom, that you take that child and you make them a superstar. And so I wanted to congratulate you for being nominated for one of the teachers that will be considered for this. And the other thing that I wanna congratulate you for is after looking at all of those 900 candidates that were selected, you were selected as the top teacher of the year for the St. Brain Valley Schools. And so you are being recognized not only as someone who was nominated but you are the teacher of the year for the St. Brain Valley Schools. And it couldn't be more proud of you and grateful for what you've done for our children and for our community.  And thank you very much. And congratulations for that. Thank you. Congratulations. Yeah, thank you. I cannot think of a more deserving educator to be named St. Brain Teacher of the Year.  Yeah, thank you so much. And like I said, every year it's like my goal with families and like you said, our community is to be a role model. And even though I teach like first grade and we talk about what do they wanna be when they grow up and then I tell my story, like how I came to the US, you know, I English was my second language like them, some of them. And I said, if I do it, you can do it. And I see this year what's gonna be my first generation graduating from Monument High School. And I see those students come to me and see me as a model. And like I said, every year that's my goal, like for them to see me as a role model and so they can see if I do it, they can do it. You have been a role model and you've also been a leader at Northridge because Northridge, you know, as you know, was Colorado Succeeds School of the Year and Project of the Year. You guys are doing amazing things. So it's not just your first grade class. You've been a role model and a leader for the entire school and actually for the entire school district. So I really am grateful to you and very, very proud of you. Thank you. Yeah, Jeanette, we are all very proud of you.  I know Dawn's mission is always to grow our students locally if at all possible. And the fact that you came out of Lions Feeder and now that you're giving back to your community is pretty incredible. I'm a proud alumni as well, I went to Skyline and I spent a lot of time outside of Longmont but I wanted to come back and serve same brain. And I know what that's like and I really appreciate you serving, not only Northridge and your students but also the entire school district and when our committee looked through the nominations that were turned in for you, they were just blown away. Just, I mean, it's, you know, the cream rises to the top and when we had our final evaluation, it was just clear who was the top teacher of the year for the district. And so we're very proud of you. The Education Foundation is here for our teachers, for our students and to serve our school district. And it makes me so happy to be able to celebrate this with you. Obviously with the COVID-19, we can't have tribute to teachers. And I know Dawn, I know Lorenda and the rest of the district staff and our foundation are really sad that we can't do that but we wanna make sure that we could tell you in person as much as we possibly can through Zoom and be able to celebrate you but also it's not only just getting that recognition, we also wanted to also help you as well. And Dawn alluded earlier that STAP Toyota is one of our great business partners, not only for the foundation but also for the school district. And they give back day in and day out and they actually help sponsor tribute to teachers. And part of that sponsorship is to allow us to give prize money to all of our teachers for each of the schools but probably more importantly our district teacher of the year. And so on behalf of STAP Toyota and the Education Foundation, I would like to probably via mail, unfortunately, present you with a $4,000 check that you can use for whatever you want to use, go on a vacation when all this is done, do whatever you need to do but it's just a very small part of what we wanted to do to celebrate you for being the same brain value school's teacher of the year. That's exciting. Congratulations, Jeanette, I am so excited for you. I thought it was just a meeting about. Are you still shocked? We tricked you. Yeah, I was like harrying myself, like the points, how we involve families. I'm like maybe that's what they want to know. I told you yesterday, don't plan too much. We tricked you. Well, I can show you. Look. You have your time. Oh my gosh. Okay, so Jeanette, Shauna and I will find a time to create that video and we will still do it, okay? Okay. It was interesting because when I was, you asked me the question about parent engagement, I'm like, okay, let me write that down. Is that what I do? Oh, this is what I do. This is what I do. I do this, I do this, I do this. I'm gonna go on and on and I don't know if that's what they want, but yeah, it's anything for the kids. Like I'm teaching is my passion. So anything for them. And like you said, the Nordrish community has a heart, and like it's in my heart. So I, every day I do my best for them. I wanna congratulate all of our teachers that were nominated this year for Teacher of the Year, especially those who are finalists and for each school Teacher of the Year, our four finalists for the District Teacher of the Year, and of course, Jeanette Rivera-Gonzalez as our 2020 Teacher of the Year for the Education Foundation in St. Mary Valley Schools. This has been a very difficult time for many of us, but I wanna just recognize what our teachers are doing to help our students. I wanna thank you personally for everything that you're doing, teachers and educators and staff of St. Mary Valley Schools. And I just wanna wish you all health and safety as we go on and we really look forward to getting back to business and having normal business for our foundation. Lastly, I wanna introduce our foundation video that we premiered back in November at our gala. I wanna specifically thank Colin Rickman, who is a teacher in the school district for helping us put the video together. And our mission of student success, teacher excellence is always gonna be at the forefront for both our students and our teachers and making sure that we stick to that mission. And we thank our community of St. Frank for always being there for our foundation and for our school district. And I wish you all nothing but health and happiness. Thank you. We seek, we swim. Here's to the crazy ones. I have a dream. Search high and low, scour far and wide, comb through every inch of this magnificent state and you'll have a hard time finding a more fitting analogy for life than a race. The hours of meticulous preparation, the boldness to train, the determination to push past limits, the resolve to persevere, the focused goal to win, the steadfast courage to finish. But this seemingly solitary act of racing is not alone some journey. Because when you look, you find a simple truth. You never run alone. With every step you are upheld by a throng of champions. With every Korean you are picked up by a web of support. And all noise is drowned by the raucous ovation of the fanatics. But because they are hard. St. Vrain Valley schools are running a race. They are chasing hard after preeminence. They are hounding after student success and teacher excellence. And every day, they surpass even our loftiest expectations. Stride for stride, we run with the St. Vrain Valley schools. Mile after mile, we equip them on their trek. Year after year, we champion their cause. We are intensely honored to be partners in their journey. We are excessively proud to be amongst their legion of support. We are the education foundation for the St. Vrain Valley. And we run further together.


What's up everybody Jason here for jazzy's case breaks calm We're giving away 10 mixer spots for the hockey mixer with this 2021 a lower pack break ran on teams number eight And again guys 30 to 1 total spots everybody gets a random team in the NHL then at the end of the break will Randomize the customer names after the pack rip and the top 10 names out of the 31 will get spots in the mixer So let's roll it and do the break first. Here we go four and one five times. Good luck one two three four and five Martin down to greg five times here now one two three four five five Maple leaves down to sing those blues All right, so stick to what you got guys. I'm rich is a quick little lower pack Here we go here Anders Lee Sotrstrom Connor make Michael and what is this? Leon dry cider. It's like the NHL shield logo NHL shields 1945 14 out of 45 That looks amazing Igor Zamora ryan O'Reilly palmeri Josh Norris rookie sweet And that Connor make Michael rookie is a black rainbow awesome. Well, that's all there's Guy there you go, man Nice little pack right there Now let's switch genes and let's Do the giveaway number top 10 getting guys roll Four and a four eight the hard way. Good luck one two three four five six seven The eighth and final time boom Sad times from Guy down to Mike, but good luck guys. Maybe Guy is up there again Martin Martin Kevin Brian Martin Martin Brian Brian and Robert Runkle There you go guys After eight times top 10 are in Martin and Brian did do some work. So odds were in their favor Appreciate it guys. Remember the next pack filler is up Technically sells out the mixer if you saw that out tonight guys appreciate it jaskiescasebreak.com


news update. Welcome folks with the now industrials finish flat Nasdaq down 65 S&Ps off eight and a half gold gold contract down seven dollars fifth gold contract up seven dollars fifty cents trade in 1762 an ounce with silver up twenty seven cents twenty one dollars forty cents an ounce lights recruit up a dollar fourteen seventy eight dollars thirty seven cents a barrel notes and bonds a ten-year note down eight ticks trade in one twelve twenty one a thirty year off twenty three a one twenty six twenty two and king dollar king dollars up a hundred sixty five ticks trade in one oh six eight forty five Euro one oh three yen one thirty eight and a British pound one oh six to one you a British pound rather one nineteen to one US dollar but you don't want to take a look at the market here folks you know spy release the sideways move with light volume you down sixty eight cents volume came in at fifty million it's really light volume you know yesterday at sixty eight you're coming into seventy four so you know that's that's a market that looks to me like this doesn't want to get out and now you're still over the strength now the strength of the spy is three ninety five oh four we went down to the three ninety three thirty we rejected that today so that is saying it wants higher price okay so here comes the divergence then we go take a look at the three Q's three Q's bottom line can't hold price they're down to fourteen and that a contraction of volume no yesterday we did thirty eight today we did thirty four the differential is that you're inside the range and you're inside the lower range by four dollars okay so that's a big number that's telling me that wants to go fill that gap then we go over so that's bearish then we go over to the dollar and we go over to the dollar we take a look at the dollar dollar wants higher price when dollar wants higher price market likes lower price we rejected a low yesterday of a 105 321 we're at 106 830 when we just did the confluence on it the confluence is between and this is pretty cool man this is lined up nice okay the confluence okay so one oh do this quick 108 260 okay one second because I said I did that wrong the first time 108 260 because it's gonna be 108 260 plus 110 not that tight though 110 108 260 and 110 bottom line is that this dollar wants to bounce at the depth market wants to pull back have a great night folks have a safe night come back and visit Tommy tomorrow morning kicks us off now into the morning great show folks yeah look at him folks


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What's really wired deeply into women is to want to be often and well by a good man. Why does that not look like it nowadays? I think number one is our self-limiting beliefs. Number two, we're not bold. The women in the tribe hung out with hunters and warriors. Men that got done. That is the most powerful aphrodisiac for women. That boldness, that strength, that confidence. My wife points out women who are coming onto me all the time. And I'm not a specimen. I tell guys, if you interact with a woman with confidence, she has experienced the exact same brain chemicals that you would experience if she lifted her shirt and showed you her tits. You don't have to think about it. You see tits. Do you have to think, do I like them? Don't want to look at them? It's f***ing wired into you. The same is true for the women. When they see boldness and confidence, warriors, hunters, it turns them on.


When you go to approach the Lord and you don't know what to pray, two things you do, you wait or you worship. Psalm 80-18 says, quicken us and we will call unto you. That quickening allows you to respond in a way that spiritual or you worship, it puts your focus totally on Jesus. It steals the soul, quiets the soul so that you can hear the Holy Spirit. So if you're having trouble starting in prayer, just be still and wait or worship. One of those two will help you get started. If you'll make a commitment to daily prayer right now, type prayer first in the comment section.