What's the word y'all? When the NBA announced the 2022-2023 schedule, they dropped something in there that in the middle of January, we're gonna try this thing called NBA Rivals Week. On national TV from Tuesday to Saturday, we're gonna put some of the best rivalries in basketball on display for the whole world to see. I was skeptical because I've been on this channel saying there's not a lot of rivalries left in basketball, but I gotta get credit where it's due. From Tuesday from the very first game to the very last game, every one of those games were a banger for their own different reasons. Every one of those games were a banger, so I gotta give a big thumbs up to the NBA for NBA Rivals Week. I hope we see it again next year. I'm be honest, if they do drop it again next year, it's not gonna be as entertaining as this was, but I loved it. But I gave them some points, and now I gotta take some of those points away, man. I gotta take them away because that very last game on full display for the entire world to see you saw one of the biggest problems in the NBA. The longest rivalry in the NBA, Boston, Celtics, L.A. Lakers, even though as of recently they ain't really seen each other in the finals or nothing, whatever. It's the oldest rivalry from Magic and Bird to this and that, to this and that. National TV last game of the day. The last previous games that were on STV were bangers, the best runners in the league going head-to-head, and then we got the New York matchup, whatever. Celtics, Lakers entertaining, man. We got 38-year-old LeBron James still doing ridiculous stuff.  They're a missing former defensive player of the year, and Marcus Smart and Robert Williams doesn't suit up. And this game is close. It's back and forth, back and forth. Patrick Beverly hit two threes and then got a tip dunk. All right, come on out of nowhere. Patrick Beverly showed off the bunnies. And then J. LeBron gets a clutch offensive rebound. He gets fouled on the end one. We got a tie game, 105-105, Lakers ball. And when four seconds ago, LeBron James does the thing that people been asking Bron to do forever. Just go straight to the basket. Make them foul you. Well, he did it and they didn't blow the whistle. They didn't blow the whistle. LeBron threw the biggest tantrum I've ever seen of his life. J.R. Smith blew a game one of an NBA finals where he had 50 points and he didn't react and the NBA finals like he did on this random play in this random game. That's how much it meant to him. I think part of it was like he was so dead tired. I mean, he already had X amount of points and doing everything he could to win this game. And he did the thing that you want him to do. He went to the basket. He makes that basket if they don't foul him, but they foul him and they don't get the call. And about that time, the Boston Celtics and J. LeBron and the overtime go crazy, but they missed a huge, huge call and it kind of ruined the vibes for anybody that wasn't rooting for the Boston Celtics. But even then, people are asking, Kenny, why don't you make a whole video about the officiating, the officiating is so bad in the sport? I don't have a solution or anything I could say on this channel that can really improve the thing. I was trying to figure out what sport it is. I remember recently reading an article that in some sport, when the referee does a poor job, he gets suspended. But the NBA can't really do that because there's only X amount of referees that they trust to have that real, I don't know, fine detail. And then they're not perfect as you saw today. As you see every single day. But when I watch college basketball, I can see that there's a skill gap between the NBA refs and the college basketball refs. So they're probably thinking, we can't suspend this dude for missing some calls because if we do, then now we gotta promote this dude and this dude ain't nearly as good as that dude, even though that dude missed some calls. There's no real solution. But we've seen multiple times this season, not just this game on national TV where a missed call, a bad call at the end of the game has cost a team a win and it cost the Lakers this one because let's be real, Braun is making at least one of those two with zero seconds on the clock. They walk out of here with a win and they're on the win streak and they go into their next game and they just beat one of the best teams of basketball. I can't say anything more than that until the very last second of the regulation.  I'm going to go to the top of the day. Early, early game, Jorlin B versus Nikola Jokic. A lot of people me include to have them one and two in the MVP ladder. And y'all know Jorlin B loves to go against Nikola Jokic because this is this opportunity to try to showcase to the world why he should be in these conversations. It shouldn't be Nikola Jokic, Nikola Jokic, Nikola Jokic on top of the world when it comes to the best centers of basketball. And Jorlin B put on a full display after a first quarter, first in the half corner, a quarter and a half of what seemed like Nikola Jokic clamping up, Jorlin B took it extremely personal and really took it at Nikola Jokic for three and a half quarters and steered the comeback on one of the best teams in basketball. And it's unfortunate that they live and they play in different conferences because at the very best, we only see this two times a year. And that's the very best because you know, you're prone to get an injury here. You're prone to get somebody sitting out. Both of these teams were healthy. Like an hour before tip office at Bruce Brown, Jamal Murray, Michael Porter Jr. and Nikola Jokic were active. I'm like, let's get it. Let's get it. This is the perfect matchup. I ended up living up to the hype, man. Two of the best centers of basketball going head to head in Jorlin B won this, oh man. And I wonder how much a singular game matters. It might be forgotten by the time the voting comes around in April. But I think it's very interesting because I don't know if it was the last time they played against each other or the time before that. Jorlin B had a really good game against Jokic too. But Jokic basically hit a game when he hit a shot where like three seconds to go to win the game, you know what I'm saying? So even though Jorlin B had the maybe the better counter stats game, Nikola Jokic hit the game winning so you get him in a nod. And now it was Jorlin B don't own everything. The better stats, the class performance, backside step three to close out the game. He had everything. So he looked amazing today. And again, I wonder what that does to the MVP ladder. Again, it's only one game out of 82, but it was head to head between the top two centers and ball and that was amazing. Other rival weak games that were absolutely incredible. We did get the New York versus New York thing. Cary Irvin took over the fourth quarter. He continues to be great. Nikolaus Claxton again, just doing his thing. But I want to go all the way back. I want to go back to Tuesday, January 24th. We on the 28th as I'm recording this video. The first game of rival week was Boston Celtics Miami. As we know, they've matched up against each other in the playoffs a few times. Timmy Butler took a shot at the end of game. Was that game seven? That was game seven, right? Jimmy Butler took a shot. He missed it and boom, the Boston Celtics went on to the NBA Finals, end up losing to the Golden State Warriors. But is this a real rivalry? I don't know. There's a little bit going on. That was why I was skeptical, by the way, because again, some of the rivals that were, that took place, I don't even know if they're really considered rivals, but regardless, in this one, we saw a huge bam out of bio game where he had 30 and 15 hidden shots, closing things out in the game with no Jimmy Butler against the Boston Celtics. Who also is missing Jalen Brown? Mark is smart. I think Al Horford didn't play in this one. So they were handicapped as well for the show, but we did see Bam take over game and as a big Bam guy that was entertaining. Same night, we saw Lakers versus Clippers. Of course, this a rivalry. Who the Kings of LA? You know, Kora said it was him. LeBron is nicknamed the King. LeBron put up 46, 7 to 7. They lost. They lost. But LeBron put up 46. And any time LeBron is having a great game, it's must-see-tea for me personally. Next, we had net 76ers. We talked about this in a previous video. Ben Simmons returning to Philly, finding Ludwig against Jordan B. Go watch that video if you want to recap it at. Grizzly's Warriors is when Steph Curry got ejected for throwing his mouthpiece because Jordan Poole took an ill-evised shot. Like every game I'm mentioning right now is part of rival week. All of them and all of them so far has an argument. For them being great games. Again, the LeBron versus Clippers one wasn't a great game but LeBron almost had 50, you know? Then we get nicks versus Celtics, right? This game goes to overtime where everybody that's a sports better in the world rejoiced when RJ Barrett hit that corner three because everybody had RJ Barrett plus 15 and a half point plus 15 points. He hit it. They go to OT. Jaylen Brunster gets the big block to end the game. And Julius Randall had 37. Again, another banger like they won't stop.  Luka Dodgers get injured three minutes of the game.  Absolutely not. Swiss Identity puts on a Luka impersonation. He ended up with 36. And he ended up beating the Phoenix Sun. I won't say single-handedly because it takes a team to win a basketball game. But his 36 was ridiculous in this game versus the Phoenix Suns.  You know, it's a big Chris Paul fan. I love to see that. They lost this game, but he had 22, 10, 6. He shot it efficiently, you know what I'm saying? Timberwolves Grizzlies maybe not as fun as the other ones because the Grizzlies kind of did their thing with them from very early on. And I don't think they, I don't think the Memphis Grizzlies led anything other than the first basket of the game. So maybe not as entertaining as the other ones. But hey, the Minnesota, the Minnesota Timberwolves who went in basketball games, y'all, they have one of the best records in basketball since the turn of the calendar year. I know it's going under the radar because, well, they started off so bad, but they put it together. The Ezra Rust, they showed a graphic in today's video. He's shooting like 50% from three on like six attempts per game. I think he said for a month, for full month. He's blazing hot right now and they're winning games. Anthony Albers deserves a lot of love, man. A lot of love. I don't think he's missed the game this season. He's been as consistent as anything. Then we got Warriors Raptors, which I don't even know if I want to call this a rivalry because I mean, they went against each other in the finals, but like how many people from that finals team is still around? Pascal and Freddie. OG didn't even play. He was injured there. So it's like two people from the previous regime when they ended up in the finals. This game wasn't not the two crazy. And then again, the three games today. So I don't know if the NBA plans don't bring it back rivalry, but I mean, I hope that they do because every single one of those games was fire. We probably might go get the same results, but I'm happy, you know what I'm saying? And I'm a big, big guy, a big believer in change and experiments in this sport. I mean, why not? You know why not? If we don't like it and it doesn't work, just don't do it after you try it. Everybody thought that the playing game was going to be this gimmick.   You know what I'm saying? The 13th seed in previous years is like, Hey, we've got to get a lottery pick. The 13th seed now believe that they got a chance to not make the playoffs, but potentially win it all because of the playing game. I'm in a huge minority. Anybody I talk to about the in season tournament stuff, they always say terrible, even LeBron was like, nah, the players are probably like, nah, I think it in season tournament can be fun. I mean, it has to, I have to see the rules and stuff like, I think it can be really, really fun, but that's a conversation for another day. Let me know what you thought about rival Reek. Was the LeBron James Ms. Fowle the most egregious miss call you've ever seen? I can see an argument.


It's easy to forget the reason that you started doing something to begin with. I find it useful to keep some sort of reminder as to why I'm working on the specific thing I'm doing nearby. So for example, I keep scrubs on my desk over here and I have the YouTube silver subscriber plaque over there over my shoulder and it just helps remind me of why I started making YouTube videos in the first place. It motivates me to keep going and prevents the feeling of making these videos being something like a task or a chore that I just need to take off of my to-do list. And it just gives me that little boost of motivation that I think we all need sometimes. Making your purpose and the reason why you're working towards something and the things that you're doing makes the work more directed and fulfilling.


Hai, semua. Terima kasih kerana datang bersama kami malam ini. Jadi, sekali lagi, terima kasih kepada SG JunialDF untuk mendukung GavTech StagX dan, tentu saja, Kai dari Macurix untuk menjadi seorang pembicara kami juga. Jadi, saya adalah Joyce, dan bersama kawan-kawan saya, kami menerima StagX Deffrail kerja di GavTech. Pada prosesan berikutnya. Terima kasih. Jadi, saya akan hanya ingin memperkenalkan GavTech dengan sering-sering dengan anda semua. Jadi, GavTech adalah sekarang sekitar 3,000 kuat. Dan kerja kami boleh sebenarnya diperkenalkan ke dalam 3 kawasan. Jadi, ini adalah pembicara, pembicara, cyber dan pembicara. Dalam pembicara, kami ada lebih 700 pembicara yang memperkenalkan pembicara untuk WOG, yang adalah pembicara dan pembicara dan memperkenalkan projek nasional strategik. Jadi, kami juga ada pembicara, pembicara digital, pembicara dan IoT, pembicara data dan AI, pembicara cyber dan infrastruktur. Dan pembicara pembicara, juga mengenai pembicara pembicara dari pembicara perjalanan ke kawasan komersial ke kawasan data, dan bahkan ke pembicara pembicara kepada semua pembicara publik. Dan kemudian adalah pembicara pembicara yang paling besar dari 3. Dan itu menggambarkan lebih dari hal kami sebenarnya. Pembicara pembicara pembicara sebenarnya menarik dengan mengenai teknologi lebih daripada 60% dari pembicara pembicara di Singapura. Dan akhirnya, pembicara cyber dan pembicara pembicara. Jadi, GavTech adalah pembicara yang berkawasan untuk kekawasan pembicara dan pembicara pembicara pembicara di GavTech sebenarnya. Jadi, untuk memastikan semua kerja yang kita lakukan adalah selamat dan benar-benar selamat, pembicara pembicara pembicara sebenarnya menggambarkan kekawasan Pembicara Pembicara dan pembicara pembicara di kawasan pembicara. Terima kasih, Isu. Selamat jalan. Jadi, kami akan juga suka mendapatkan anda untuk membantu kami di portu Pembicara Pembicara Singapura. Jadi, portu ini sebenarnya adalah satu perjalan untuk menjelaskan produk yang kita telapakan dan juga adalah dokumentasi yang anda mungkin mahu cuba. Jadi, sebuah dokumentasi mempunyai identiti digital nasional, gateway api, dan banyak-banyak lagi. Jadi, kami juga mempunyai pembicara komuniti semasa kita menjelaskan kekawasan Pembicara Pembicara Pembicara Pembicara yang seperti yang ini, pembicara pembicara dan video dan juga pembicara dari pembicara Pembicara Pembicara Pembicara Pembicara Pembicara Pembicara. Jadi, semasa portu ini sebenarnya dalam pembicara pembicara Jadi, tolonglah minumkan kami semasa pembicara pembicara pathetic aaak, jika anda adaporte mungkin apa yang anda mahu katakan lebih atau bagaimana kita boleh memb Jahr tutorial ein Peach lebih baik for kita, tolong jangan berhgn terima kasih harus kita Rashid Jadi, inilinear 1 menyokongokek So, some of our notable speakers will include Minister Vivian, Martin Fowler, Jin Kim, and many more as you can see on the screen. So, we actually have a thriving developer community in Singapore and even beyond. So, through SAC, we actually hope to encourage the developer community to share and learn together. So, and also over the years, GavTech has actually developed many products in consultation with community and getting at SAC 2020, it's really our chance to share some of these products and experiences with you. So, as you can see from the QR code on screen, registration is already open. So, you can just scan the QR code on screen to register your interest. Next, please issue. So, one very important thing that we would like to tell everyone is that during this period, we really want to support the tech community. So, if you can just scan the QR code now, you'll be able to see the full listing of jobs that we have. So, at the moment, we have about close to 400 perm and contract positions.  So, while some of the positions are for Singapore citizens and permanent residents, we are very open to considering foreigners with niche skill sets. So, if you know of any other friends who might be keen or have been displaced during this period, please share this link with them. Okay, and on to my next slide. Thanks, Ishu. So, finally, if you have not done so, please join us at the StackX community. So, as part of our commitment to engage developers and would-be techies like yourselves more, we actually formed the StackX community last year. So, you can just scan the QR code on screen now to join our StackX telegram channel. So, this is where we will share the latest information on deep dive StackX sessions with government as well as private sector professionals who will share on a really wide range of topics. And thank you very much for listening. This is the end of my introduction and we are excited to have Shane Wu from GavTech to share with us how he successfully took the plunge well into the tech industry from a non-tech background which some of you mentioned that you're interested in and also cross-tech domains in GavTech. So, thanks everyone again. Okay. Thank you, Joyce. So, these are the two speakers for us today. So, I will stop sharing my screen first so that Shane can share his screen. Okay, so, introduction of Shane first. So, Shane graduated from the NUS Business School in 2018 with a degree in Business Administration. Despite his non-technical background, he realized that he wasn't that interested in a traditional business career and wanted to pursue tech fortunately by picking up skills through self-study. He was able to make the leap to join the GavTech program. He spent the first two years as a cybersecurity specialist doing threat hunting under the government IT security and incident response team and has recently joined the data science and AI division as a quantitative analyst. This cross-domain exposure has given Shane valuable experience and a unique perspective of how tech can be degraded. And, yeah, take it away, Shane. Okay, thanks, Issue. Yeah, so, hi everyone. My name is Shane Wu. So, today I'll be sort of sharing with you guys to be a part of my journey. I think that they've already introduced a bit of my background. So, I won't go over that too much. But, yeah, so, I will say that I don't think that the experience is as grand-doy as the public. It kind of makes it out to be. I think each step along the way is like, you know, it's like one step at a time. I guess only when you look at it, it looks like it's quite a big difference. Okay, yeah, so as mentioned, I think that the first kind of unusual thing is that we graduated from NUS Business Administration. And this is, of course, not something, it's not a degree which you would expect someone working in a tech industry to have. And I recall that the reason why I even chose to do NUS Business in the first place was because honestly, I had no idea why I wanted to do for the rest of my life. So, the standard thing, if you don't know what you want to do, you choose a general degree because if you have a business degree, you can kind of do anything. So, that was kind of the thought process I had back then, right after I graduated and when I was in army. So, yeah, that's why I applied to a business. I will say it's fortunate because I sort of discovered the direction I wanted to go towards while studying business. But I mean it's fortunate that I discovered that interest, therefore I could take the steps to slowly pivot from doing pure disciplines towards trying to break into tech. And as mentioned, I have sort of like now across domain across two domains, cybersecurity and data science. And these are two domains which I think actually all the domains, if you think about it, they sound a little bit different. It's not sure where the overlap for these two sorts of skill sets at first glance. But I think that there are ways that there's a stronger overlap that might be first thought. Okay. So, let me talk a bit now of the details how exactly that sort of transition happen from that starting point from a new business undergrad. And I think that a lot of these principles will apply because I came from a non-traditional background with non-traditional, without the foundation. I didn't have that starting point of studying computer science or computer engineering. But I think what really made the difference is taking the effort to do those small things that show that you're interested in that transition. So taking the time out of your day to self-study or whatnot. I think that the details are the important steps. So in this tradition journey I think there's a few main point. The first key point is that when I was studying business there's quite a few different things that business school kind of features. There's like marketing, there's like finance, management, human resource kind of stuff. But one part of it related to supply chain management feel is more mathematical than more technical. I think nowadays also businesses in general are trying to leverage data trying to do data analysis more. So this was kind of like following those kind of thought process maybe to justify how to true certain business processes, how to optimize certain business processes. So that was like what business it is about. So there's some statistics and I found that one really very enjoyable because it's very quantitative and I mean I guess everyone here will also appreciate the quantitative things as opposed to the qualitative very fluff courses where you just say things and it's all about how you say things.  And that's where the interest was. And then I mean even though the business group doesn't offer it so the first thing I did was I tried to take as many electives as I could to learn more about this. So the first thing was that I went to take statistics electives which I think like a lot of people in my cohort also looked at me like I was insane because who wants to do statistics. But then yeah so that's what I started and I wanted to do more business analytics. Then I realized to do business analytics you actually need some programming you need to know R in statistics so you need to deepen your technical capability and then I started to look into online courses. So actually if anyone here has not taken that step or doesn't have that foundation in computer science programming I would recommend CS50 or EDX because until now I think that this is by far the best online course I've ever taken. It's the productive value of this course is really quite safe. I can't believe it's free but of course the caveat is that it really takes up a lot of time because I think that the content is really heavy like I put here I think it could take at least more than two modules from NUS. So it's like twice the workload and it's heavy because it goes into all that detail that you need so I learnt low-level stuff like this arrays that kind of thing so I got a foundation so I think that one helped me so these kind of steps I get to build my general technical competency and then the next sort of important turning point then is that when I had internships because internships is how you from a technique like you know you try to translate things into actionable business you can actually work on them in real life so it's no longer theory it's now more technical stuff so the first internship I had with SingTel, I would say that I worked as a business analyst and it wasn't that technical but if I didn't have that first internship experience I probably wouldn't get the second one in one step at a time and I would say that the second one was where I saw after that transition I'm more comfortable saying that I'm technically capable so because before that it was all just like courses and stuff but when I was working here and unfortunately because of my boss at the time pushed me quite hard to work on a lot of different things so for example before that I had never touched Python but because they used Python I had to learn Python and then they were working with different databases to interact with the SQL databases I worked on building dashboards I even built a web app because I can't remember the reason why but she was trying to present some claims data on a web interface so I actually had to host that web so I built everything and you can run that small build and you show this is the different kinds of things and it's quite cool just having this diverse variety of experience and it's not enough it's very actionable so as mentioned that gave me the confidence to say hey, I'm actually building it in skills and I think because of that that allowed me to pass the graphic technical test because the test was in Python so if I didn't have Python probably wouldn't be in Python but even after I got in learning never ends because after all that transition from business to tech I still am now just in the interest of tech and especially my learning is pretty general so it's like I'm learning what computer science should learn but I joined cyber and it's quite a lot of cyber-specific knowledge that you need to learn and now I'm in data science and it's different but before I go into that I'll just talk a little bit about how cyber-security can work so a brief overview the different kinds of functions and cyber-security so cyber-security can be broad there's two main categories there's the red team and the red team is more offensive so basically it's hacking to test your defences so if you build a web app make sure that it's built securely I mean you're not going to go through line by line and then reread everything to make sure there's no errors so what they do is they have penetration testers that come in to hack your website to test if it's working or not and if they manage to hack in then of course they found a hole in so there's a way you need to go and fix that so that's basically how red team works and then there's the blue team it's the one where you set up your permitted defences correctly and you set up with firewall rules and then you monitor them so you want to see it's the network config and it'll look reasonable so you expect to see a certain rate of network config but it suddenly spikes maybe it's because it's in the DDoS so that kind of monitoring I will say though especially last time when I was telling people that I used to work in cyber-security and I sat in front of a monitor for 8 hours straight and I just stare at the screen and see if everything is okay but that's not why or even worse you're the guy who sets up the rules to say that you can't browse Google or you can't use Facebook at work because there's a security risk so I wasn't doing that actually I was interested in the incident response team which is it's a necessary function because most people don't think of this when they think of security so what exactly did I do in the incident response team what exactly is incident response about in GovTech we have this team the JITSA and basically what this team is it's kind of like the center of excellence for incident response so basically if there's a security incident in any agency then there's this central S team to handle that and then JITSA will be the one to investigate to see what happens and the whole purpose of this is that if there is a successful security breach then you do the analysis to understand how did this happen what did they get away with so it's kind of important to understand so it's kind of like a crime investigation in the digital space inside the incident response team there's quite a lot of specialized skills so for example digital forensics of malware analysis malware analysis if you have that malware you can try and run it or even reverse engineer it what is the program trying to do or even reverse actually scan the code to see what it's doing but the common skill set for this team is log analysis because everyone needs to read logs at some point because logs of what really mark down what the computer is doing and what anybody is doing on the computer and the interest and I raise this up because I think this is one example of where there's a carryover especially between cyber security because log suggest a form of data and having the ability to understand data the data literacy I mean it's a really common skill set because I'm comfortable with scanning logs I'm also comfortable with scanning in large data sets and understanding what's important to build my data sets what's important to the end user to optimize that kind of thing and there's also the processing of data if you want to suggest a lot from a lot of different agencies half the time they're not going to have the same format because they're all using different types of software or different versions but you have to still do the same thing so you have to build a very strong data pre-processing pipeline so for my team we use ELK but this is the same top process when you're doing data science you also have a very strong data processing pipeline data cleaning is 70% of the work so in that sense you don't hate it's actually surprising even though these two functional domains are very different okay so back to when I first joined after I first joined cyber security I first joined the incident response team I do want to say though it was kind of like a shock in some sense because when you do cyber security I think there's quite a lot of specialised knowledge that you need and maybe this kind of knowledge is taken for granted at some level because for example when you learn about networking protocols it's like okay you know computers can talk to computers or the internet is made out of TCP LAP, HTTP, this kind of thing I had absolutely zero knowledge of all of this when I first joined I think it was to the extent where if I remember correctly when I first joined the incident response team I did not even know the difference between private and public IPs so I had no idea you know there was specific ranges reserved so I was like what no wonder the IPs were looking the connections were following these rules that I had no idea so that's why I needed to learn all this kind of stuff quite quickly and I guess to make matters worse you don't only need to know what these kinds of things are you also need to know how they behave what is normal and what is abnormal so can you imagine you do any of this and then you join and then you actually ask to assist with the investigation but you know I had no idea where to start or this one so that was quite challenging I remember that so so I will say though I felt that that knowledge never really helped me that much even though I just said it's quite a challenge to learn about all these kind of things that's it I still felt like I could contribute even though I wasn't very strong in that aspect and I felt that I can contribute mainly because I will contribute by having a big picture view or a good analytical view of the process because you find these kinds of clues it's good to know you need the technical skills to identify but to put those clues put those clues together into a picture of what was the entire plan what were they trying to do that's different from the technical skills so the technical skills facilitate that but having that overarching view to put those different pieces together I felt like that was how I was going to contribute I feel like this is the skill that's probably more important because this is what comes next after you have that foundation I will say though it might be partially because but also partially because I had very good colleagues so I always knew that my colleagues at CSG they had no idea what this kind of specific malware was trying to do or I have no idea how does this system lock certain events and they will always be able to make that from whatever I didn't know so it sends me to cover for each other Aside from that, CSG was very good at learning I learned from my colleagues and I learned from them because they would always teach me whenever we did and worked together but I also learned a lot because the department as a whole has a very strong emphasis training security you take a lot of certifications you go for conferences and that really builds up the foundation on situational awareness so I felt being said for all this after looking back how much information was downloaded into me during the first year so other than that there's also opportunities for software skills if you're interested I'm not sure if everybody is interested in building up that presentation skills or what I'm doing right now but there's also opportunities for that because if you go for conferences or get stack we have some people presenting a stack or even internal presentation there's opportunity for development as well and looking back this incident response experience was quite a lot of fun because it's problem solving and if you're that person you like to solve problems you have that problem and you just want to solve it and it's an issue and you just keep doing it and that was how it was for me there's a time pressure to solve it but it's also I want to figure out how it's done and it's kind of like playing a game so I enjoyed that quite a lot so it's kind of shameless self plot I put this out here because those of you who are familiar with cybersecurity you might know of what capture the flags are CTFs so capture the flags are basically these are more routine events so the competition organisers typically they will host machines and inside the machines there are different flags maybe different files with different secrets or maybe you have to access certain folder those are flags and people compete with flags when hacking into the machines and getting privileges so that's how I think CTFs that originally occurred and I think they're still mainly along this line but there's also blue team CTFs so the one that I'm talking about here is called boss of the soft so in the picture you see that is me with my team when we were competing so we took this picture because we won the Singapore region so yeah I mean it's interesting it's quite a lot of fun to try this because you can but I mean I also somehow or other we were able to compete at Singapore do quite well there's also one that actually just happened recently the conference it just happened I think it's actually still ongoing but there's also another boss of the soft there which I went with the rest of my team and I won't say how well we did because that would be another self-pick but if you're interested in going I think the results are out okay so that is what I sort of experienced what I did in cybersecurity and now I've rotated to data science so data science achieved two main objectives the first objective is to assist in driving better decision making extracting the insights from data because I think there's a lot of data there's a lot of information locked up because there's a lot of data everywhere so if you're able to sort of unlock that information then we can make better policy decisions and the second main objective is to uplift the general capabilities of all government agencies or officers who assess analytics data so just democratise the data so everyone can do data analysis themselves and I think that me rotating from subscriptive to data science is quite unusual and it's quite interesting because this is like a living example that if you really wanted to at least within GovTech you can have this experience to try different equality centres because it might be just an impression but you can imagine if you do this outside really are you going to be able to switch from cyber to data it seems a bit professional that being said of course I don't think it was quite so easy because there's still a certain expectation for competency because when I wanted to rotate they gave me the same technical test that they give to all hires so it's like if you apply from outside or internally you still have to pass that technical test and but I mean I guess because of my background when it first started from as well interest because when I was in cyber I was still reading about I was able to keep up able to pass that test that's why I'm here now I haven't been here for that long because I only rotated out of cyber security into data science in August so right now it's been less than 3 months but even in that short time actually I think that this it's been surprising how much stuff that I learned in cyber has come in handy in data science and I think it's also because when you're in data science you don't just do data science work you have to do all that supporting stuff you need to be aware of networking like if you want to host your data science model on AWS for example then you need to know how the networking works and I really leveraged a lot of my knowledge from what I learned from cyber security because we had to learn all these things how they work to investigate them so I think that that was really surprising and I think as time goes on I might even find more ways that this kind of competencies overlap and in fact I think that previously I mentioned that the most important thing that I felt for doing instant response was that critical thinking and I feel that that's also a save in data science similar to data science if you want to build a machine learning model I think it's pretty straightforward you just have to package but what makes the difference between a good or bad data scientist it's not whether you can run the most long run but if you really understand the data and what problem you're trying to solve and that is still the same kind of thinking that is sort of like university applicable everywhere and the analogy that I used was that it doesn't really matter what programming language that you know but as long as you know how to program well it carries across all domains so I think that that's like one way that it shows how the thinking kind of carries forward and is useful to everyone yeah I mean okay and I think that was that's about it for my sharing so that brings me to the end my journey I'm not sure are we doing questions now or afterwards or afterwards okay that's about it for me thank you very much


Welcome back everybody. Jeff Frick here with theCUBE. We are live at Pure48 in San Francisco at the GE Minds and Machines Show. About 3,000 people all involved with big iron. And this isn't big data center iron.  And we're talking to a lot of GE folks but we're really excited to have a practitioner on who's basically taking the leap of faith in this whole world. And so we'd love to welcome Susan Landahl, an SVP at Exxon Generation. That's right. Welcome. So give us a little bit on Exxon for people that aren't familiar with the company. Exxon is a fully integrated utility company. We have about 10 million customers. We have 37,000 megawatts of generation. So we have nuclear generation. We have gas, solar, wind, hydro. So runs the gambit. So we have the generation piece of the business. We have the sales piece of the business. And then we have the actual distribution of electricity to our customers. So my role at Exxon is I'm in the nuclear division, part of the generation company. And I have a background in engineering and operations. And my current role, one of my responsibilities is to be the lead executive for innovation within the nuclear organization. So that's why I'm here and that's why I'm involved with GE and Pre-Dex. So were you in that role when the nuclear generation was kind of growing? Yes, I've been almost 30 years in nuclear power of one type or another. I've worked for Exxon for 17 years. So I've run our plants and been in a number of senior positions there. So I really come from that engineering operations background but now I'm in the new world of digital technology which is pretty different than the world I grew up in. So big announcement. We heard from Ganesh earlier today that you guys signed a strategic deal that you're going to be basically buying GE software, right? That's right.  We do, we do. So this is very different. I think we really strive for excellence in all aspects of our operation. And there are a lot of things where Exxon really is an industry leader but we're always looking for what's the next thing that's going to improve our performance. And when we look at the possibility of digital technology especially the idea of being able to predict events and be able to predict the failure of a piece of equipment before it actually fails and go in and fix it ahead of time. And you think about all those possibilities that's sort of the next big step for us to continue our improvement. And GE being the technology leader that they are coupled with ourselves as excellent in operations made a really sensible partnership. So that's where kind of the concept that bore the predicts deal for us. Right. And when you decided to do this with GE and with predicts specifically were you able to do kind of an ROI analysis? Was it kind of a leap of faith? We know we have to start doing some things and this is a way to get started. What was kind of the process that you guys went through? We thought there was great potential. So we went into an arrangement where we did five different pilots across our business units. So each one, it was wind, power generation nuclear and we each looked at possible use cases would be the term that GE would use. What are things we could get out of predicts and is there enough there that makes sense to actually proceed? So through that pilot process we saw some real value that we've already been able to recognize and then we saw some huge potential going forward. So the decision to actually enter into the agreement was really based on the results of those pilots really bearing fruit and saying, hey, this has great potential to take our performance in terms of efficiency in particular to the next level. Right. And then you'll actually implement it through a series of specific projects. That's right. That's right. Once we're pursuing each of the pilots and in some cases they will clearly kind of get finalized and then we'll roll them out like in the case of our nuclear fleet. If we implement a program at a particular site and it works, then we're just going to roll it through the rest of the fleet. So we'll get that benefit. And then as new projects, because as you know with these kind of technologies as soon as you start using it, it's like, well, we could do this and we could do that. Right. And as each of those ideas come through then we have to say, hey, is this really where we want to invest in terms of our next project beyond these pilots and we'll do an initial or additional cost-benefit analysis at that point more to decide what's next though. Right. Yeah. It's interesting on the nuclear side because we think of, I didn't think of nuclear as relatively sophisticated technology, highly regulated. Yes. You know, it's potentially dangerous and also generates a lot of electricity. So, I would think you guys had it pretty well nailed. And yet you see this huge opportunity for new levels of efficiency and new levels of output. Where was the inefficiency that you're now squeezing more out? We have focused very much on safety and reliability and we have an excellent safety record and an excellent reliability record and excellent for the past 10 years, our capacity factor. So the percentage of time our plants are running consistently 93, 94%, which is the best in the industry. So we think from a safety and reliability perspective, we were doing very well, but there's always ways to be more efficient. You know, can we collect a lot of data? Can we use it to be even more reliable? Even more efficient with the people that run our plants and make their jobs easier as well as make the actual output of their work more effective. So in nuclear, it's really more around the efficiency and we are the lowest cost generator in the country, but we're always looking to be better and especially if it makes people's lives easier at the same time. Right, right. And this concept of the digital twin, I'm sure this has been part of your conversation. A little bit. Just a little bit. A little bit. Not going to have a digital twin of a big coolie tower. No, but it's an interesting concept. Yeah, because that's going to be a big piece of it. Well, I think certainly when you talk about the equipment at the plant, the idea is, you know, can you create this virtual twin that looks on, you know, that's made of electrons instead of iron and steel, but can capture the information that the actual piece of equipment, you know, contains and sees and then use it to make decisions. So I think it's a very interesting concept and anytime you talk about really being able to use the technology to make the equipment run better, that digital twin idea is kind of a natural outcome, but it's a pretty, it's an attention-getting name for it, I think. Right, right. I'm just curious from your perspective as the energy landscape just seems to be changing so dramatically now and you've been in the business for a long time. And again, nuclear, I grew up in Portland, so the Trojan plant was, we used to take field trips when I was in school. And now really with the rise of electric and hybrid cars and the change in the oil dynamics, where we saw the price go for over a hundred bucks a barrel to less than, it was like I down to like 25 bucks or something crazy. So it's a really super dynamic situation. That said, population's still growing, people are still consuming more and more and more energy. It's a pretty complicated environment.  We want to be the utility of the future for our customers and really be modern in how we interact with them and the services we provide so that they can make more efficient use of their electricity. And I think, you know, over time, you look at any industry kind of ebbs and flows and we're, you know, you continue to look at that, but while you're, while you have all that information from a generation perspective, we really focus on that safety and reliability. We want to be there 24-7, you know, to make sure that we're providing the electricity that our customers need and that we're doing it safely and reliably day in, day out. And if we can be more efficient along the way, then we're going to enter in these kind of partnerships to do that, but, you know, it can be a complex business, but we've got a lot of terrific people that work in it and we'll figure it out as we, you know, learn these new technologies. I think it's really exciting. And you're kind of like the refs, right? You don't want anyone to really know you're in the game. That means everything's going smoothly. Oh, yeah, yeah. I just was thinking, you know, wasn't that long ago in California, we were having these massive brownouts, scheduled brownouts, and it suddenly throws into focus that, you know, it's a big, complex system that delivers our power to us that we, you know, we plug in and the presumption is it's there. It is, but I think the more people understand it, the smarter they get about, you know, where their electricity comes from and what are those decisions that, you know, different states are making. And, but there were no brownouts in Illinois or Pennsylvania or Washington DC. So I could tell you that much. Those are your areas. Yes, primarily. Okay, so before I let you go, as you kind of look forward and you come to an event like this, 3,000 people, it's all about the technology surrounding the infrastructure and the power generation. What are your kind of impressions? What are you looking forward to? What will we be talking about a year from now, two years from now at this show? Well, I really think that this field is changing exponentially. And as, you know, just from a few months ago to now, you see new technologies coming out. You see new startups coming with these great ideas. And I think it's hard to even imagine what it's going to look like a year from now, but there's no doubt that, you know, this is the world we live in and this is how it's going to, you know, this is how it's going to be. So we want to be, you know, at the forefront of understanding that and being able to take advantage of it. But I think it's really exciting. I've learned a lot just being here in a day and a half and I think it's been a really exciting conference. And the Cubs won. And the Cubs won, yes. Go Cubs. All right, Susan, we'll leave it at that. Thanks for taking a few minutes out of your day. You bet. Susan Landolph from Exelon Generation. I'm Jeff Frick, you're watching theCUBE where G-Mines and Machines in San Francisco will be right back after this short break. Thanks for watching.


Hey there, I'm Chantastic. This is React Holiday, a 25 day crash course through React. And today is day 18, our third day on the use reducer state hook. We talked about use reducer and how to, it's more advanced than use state. We also talked about actions and how those are objects with a type property that we can use to perform different actions on our state. Now, up to this point, we haven't done anything particularly advanced. We have our old state, which you can see is grayed out. We're not using it at all. And we only return the new state. Now, I want to show you what it looks like to simply merge new things onto that state object or modify the state object that we got before and return something new on it. Now I'm going to start by changing our initial state. Okay. And remember the second argument is our initial state. And instead of it all being about Pokemon, I'm going to zoom out. One level will have a state object and inside there, there will be a Pokemon property. So Pokemon is null by default. Now, when we get this, this array back in return and now we're getting an object here and so I want to destructure Pokemon off of that object. And in this case, as we add properties, I can just grab all of those in this value called state. So I can use those from this, this object that collects everything that isn't the Pokemon. Now state, we have that. How do we modify it? Well, we can return a new object. We can spread out all of the state that we had before the previous state and then just change the thing that we want to change. So Pokemon is action dot payload. Now, if we click around real quick, we should see that everything still works. If I can click on different Pokemon and it does. So now what we've done is we've given ourselves a little bit of space to actually incorporate more state into this reducer.


Shimza and Prince KB Pew just got even more petty, real quick. Just when we thought the beef between Shimza and Prince KB was safely on chill in the fridge the pair have ramped up the petty. They first traded shade in March when KB accused Shimza of blazing dance floors with the hit club controller without crediting him. Shimza told Chvissa Live that he did not want to work with KB after the disagreement. As December continues to roll in, not many people are looking for drama. So fans were surprised when Shimza responded to a throwback picture of himself and Prince KB on the season of reality show 1S and 2S1 by KB, by digging up the old feud. He even referenced Prince KB comparing him to a pikintu during their first round of the fight. The internet went crazy, with fans choosing sides in the argument. Hashtag team Shimza believed their hero wasn't being respected enough and called for KB to stay in his lane. Others believed that Shimza was bragging with the post and wanted to make it seem like he had made Prince KB's career. It was all out war. Prince KB responded by poking fun at Shimza and the situation. Later he was found lurking in Shimza's comments giving his two cents. He liked all posts that shaded Shimza and responded to those that praised him.


Well it's been a year of milestones for the Brainerd boys tennis team so far this season. They're off to a hot 12-2 start behind the guidance of their legendary head coach, Clayton Castle has more from the Warriors. It's warming up outside in Brainer, but it's not just because of the weather. The Brainerd high boys tennis team is off to a hot start in its 2017 season. Hey coach Bruce Thompson credits the dedication of his players to the sport for the team's success. Well a lot of these guys play in the winter but they're but a lot of these guys are two and three sport athletes too but they do get their records out in the winter. They're in our summer programs. There may be two and three sport athletes which really I think helps but they really have a they love tennis they loved it the ball. So they're a nice group to deal with. The team is led by junior Tanner Lundberg at First Singles who was a section champion last season. He believes he's having an even better season in 2017. It's pretty good uh similar to last year. I've been hitting pretty well gotten a little bit more power in my game not just all consistency. Coach Thompson agrees. He's just got a great game good hands he really can move on the court well and anticipate shots well so he's he's that all-around player I mean he can move well volley go to the net hit from the baseline he's that player you want to have in your team. He's he keeps us really solid as a number one player. But all of the success this season wouldn't be possible without the guidance of the team's legendary head coach Bruce Thompson who recently won his 200th match. I don't even count I didn't tell me what was kind of going on but uh it's um a lot of tennis I've been around for I mean I started probably these courts were brand new and these are the second set of courts here but I've put a few years into the court so uh it's it's nice you know you can't keep up to guys like Sir Sir Stolsky but it's like for me it's it's a good milestone I think. As if that wasn't enough the players love playing for him too. It's a really cool plan for me he's kind of a legend around Brandon and he's really good with all of us and he treats all of us with respect he's a very good coach and we all like having him. Reporting in Brainer Clayton Castle Lakeland News. Thanks Clayton the Warriors next matchup is against St. Cloud Apollo Sock Rapids at home 430 on Friday. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


can't just like do little minor adjustments on it. On the date, I'm the team's activity man. Number 34, Jimina Ramos.


You'll experience patient care that is specific to you with exceptional follow-up care that ensures your hearing and balance needs are being met. Audiology Associates at 1428 Northlake Drive in Prestonsburg. The Mountain Art Center will be holding its final Billie Jean Osburn's Kentucky Opry show of the summer season on Saturday, August 12th. It's been great. We've seen a lot of new folks, new faces in the building, so we like that. Quite a few folks from out of town. That's what we're hoping for. We've had a good mix with the junior pros. They've done their country show and their rock show with the Kentucky Opry. They've thrown in a few surprises here and there, and it's been an eventful summer. The show has had a successful season drawing in large crowds all summer. With so much local talent in one place, there's no need to drive hours away to see a show like this one. As always, it's such a treat to have this show here. You're going to go to Branson, Pigeon Forge, Myrtle Beach and see this type of show for three times the price. This is all local talent. Those shows don't have the local talent. They recruit nationwide. So you're going to see folks and faces you're familiar with that are professional musicians putting on a show of this caliber that you don't have to drive to Lexington, Louisville, Cincinnati or even farther to Myrtle Beach or Pigeon Forge. It's a real treat to have them here. The final Billie Jean Osborne Kentucky Opry show will begin at 7 p.m. on Saturday, August 12th. You can purchase tickets for the show at macarts.com. For Mountain Top News, I'm Kelsey Dean.


works animation and I'm going to talk to you today about how and why we're using Swift in our animation feature film production pipeline To do that I'm going to talk a little bit about the company and what we do and how we do it a little bit about the feature Animation process itself and then talk about the ways We're using Swift both in production and the way we intend to use it in the future Since we're a media and entertainment company I can introduce a little bit about us by playing a movie We celebrated our 20th anniversary last year and we were founded in 1994 Dreamworks animation and Dreamworks studios was the first new Hollywood Studio in over 75 years. It's a pretty hard business to get into pretty big investment Between economic downturns Audience consumption preference changes and things like that over the years What's left of our company is the feature animation and television division that I work with and Steven Spielberg's live action television and movie production company How do I advance on this thing spacebar? There it goes. Oops Okay, so the movie didn't play Or maybe just playing slowly It says it's playing so imagine a movie That showing you pictures of all the properties we worked out we produced over 35 animated films Over the last 20 years. We started out as a traditionally hand-drawn animation shop and since then have converted Fully to CGI interestingly hand-drawn animation has come back as an art form more than a media So it's being used to enhance CGI films or to tell the story with a different visual medium Little text formatting issue so bear with me Dreamworks animation is a Recognized family brand feature length animation television consumer products company Our product is our characters our intellectual property becomes the characters And the situations those characters get involved in and the manifestation of our product is data Everybody here has data. It usually describes some other product our actual deliverable product happens to be data So we have a slightly different relationship to information than some companies do Excuse me this slide represents sort of our two main studio investments We've got Dreamworks feature animation, which has a studio in Glendale, California and another studio in Bangalore, India Excuse me And we're joint ventures partner with a studio in Shanghai China called Oriental Dreamworks That studio's intent is to produce content in China for Chinese consumption and then export it to the rest of the world Some of our characters might recognize Shrek puss in boots characters from the crudes things like that if you have kids you've seen these movies Four or five hundred times probably from the backseat of your car. I apologize for that. You know all the songs One of the things that's interesting about our environment is it's a it's a constant arms race between technology the ability to deliver a capability and Creative ambition so the creatives on the films always want to put more pixels on the screen They want to put more vibrant colors. They want to do more motion. They want to do more Simulation they want to change the the way you see the film to make the visual media and the 3d use of the visual media Help tell the story in the pet excuse me in the past things like furry characters and Clothing were difficult to do and they were especially difficult to do together in puss in boots as an example We had a quota on the creatives They could only have two instances where wet furry characters touched each other because the amount of computation required to do First simulation with water with 3d collisions in space was more than we had on the compute farm So that's an example of where a creative decision gets squashed by the technology decisions One of the things we're trying to do as technologists is not be a barrier We can give them some guardrails and we can give them some guidance But don't let creative ambition be stifled by the technology's ability to deliver it So I think what's happening is reading off the USB stick Slowly very slowly Kung Fu Panda you've all seen the first two kung fu panda movies I think about all the plush toys your kids are enamored by it the next film upcoming out of our studio Is interestingly going to release in China first kung fu panda 3 is being targeted and worked as a co-production with our studio in China It's one of the very first feature length animations done with the US with China as a co-producer. It puts us in an interesting position For the revenue streams as well as for the responsibility to be true to Chinese business practices in the culture the movies being targeted to come out at Christmas in China, but not until January for us because Star Wars comes out in Christmas in the US and you could be second or you could move your release date. It's pretty much how it works We pick second Couple more examples of po one of the interesting things about the process a little bit like software development Someone has an idea a script or a story element or an elevator pitch then you start doing rough drafts you start doing Top-level designs in the open-stack community. You might propose a blueprint You decide that you want to tell a story and then you start designing that story And this is an example of some concept art on the left is a hand-drawn animation of what Po might look like in one of the sequences Showing body position facial position Believe it or not this sort of reference material becomes input into the technology group because we look for things and scenes like this So they're going to be hard to make Well, so one of the challenges is that there's a slide in here if it'll ever come up that talks about how animation is Pure creation and you can make anything your mind can imagine But imagine if you had an infinite number of choices, it's almost impossible to make them So one of the big challenges facing the filmmakers is to bound their ambition a little bit by not what's possible But what tells a good story what makes the story compelling and what kind of makes sense? This is kind of bizarre I'm going to talk about it a little bit later, but there's in the animation process There's about anywhere from 12 to 15 different departments Depending on what sort of story you're telling and what sort of elements it needs to be told One of the very early first departments is the story department the story department's job is to figure out For 90 minutes what the story is going to look like how the characters interact how they emote What's their motivation all that typical Hollywood storytelling stuff? But it's important because if you don't have a good coherent story Partway through you get bored partway through you might decide that those characters aren't doing things that that makes sense And you're disinterested in you and we lose you as an audience member So the process itself is highly iterative It takes five years to make a movie and the first two or three years of it are iterating over trying to tell the story The mechanism used to tell that story are called storyboards That's interesting That wasn't in my pitch that's right is it tell me I'm not going fast enough beautiful Thank you this clip worked, but I don't have audio so this is an example of a story reel This is the manifestation of telling the story as a series of paper panels The old way we used to draw on paper put them up on these big four by eight bulletin boards And then people would pitch the story they go up in and pantomime the characters and acted out and show all the creatives And the people making the film what they were thinking about the character movement how the camera was blocked How the action might sync up with the audio and we'll iterate like this for a couple of years It's interesting in the old days they were drawn on paper and then scanned in and presented as a digital reel like this one Currently they're drawn on the computer using Cintiq tablets and then print it out and stuck on bulletin boards So we just this the same process we just turned it around and the thing that's amazing about it is walls full of storyboards There's still a very easy medium to edit a couple thumbtacks move the paper around draw a line through it cross it out It's the fastest way to iterate on a whole lot of visual information I always imagine someday we'll have walls covered in e-ink and we can just run around in scribble, but we're not there yet So after it iterates in story for a while It goes into a part my called animation even though the process is called animation Only about 10% of the people working on the product anime So animation is the part where you take the character that's been modeled by a modeler and rigged by a rigor Rigging is to add control points to the hands joints fingers arms all that sort of stuff and pose that character and make them do their performance The animators are the true actors. They get the character to a moat and tell the part of the story So this is the same clip with the same audio Imagine the little running around in Jack Black shout some things as he jumps out Without the background flat lit without a lot of what are called effects just to get the character animation figured out So the characters themselves are moving with full fidelity using the fully rigged model at Sort of the best resolution and the best performance that you can get Interestingly note right here. You can see crane in full glory. It's the whole character He was animated in complete detail and we get to the next step Which is called lighting? Lighting is the very last step of the show It's when we go through and position lights in space calculate the collision of light rays and all the geometry in 3d and where the lights are Crane turned into a shadow Imagine if you were the animator who had worked on this guy for two years and all the in this particular scene He's just a shadow because a lighter decided later on for cinematography reasons. It would look better if it was just a shadow So this is the final lit version of this piece of the sequence and you can see it has shading. It has shadow It has light. It has reflections has ambient Occlusion it has all that stuff the logo is in full 3d and it looks glorious This is the almost last step of the process and our kung fu panifrants So then like I said a little bit about the production process five years to make a movie Animation 101 a 90 minute movie is chopped up into 35 to 50 sequences a sequence is a location and the sequence in turn is chopped up into 20 to 50 Scenes so if we were doing a movie about people in a conference We've been here for four days and they're waiting for lunch This would be our location. We'll call this sequence 100. I'd aim the camera over there shot one camera over there That's shot to so the movie itself is chopped up into work like that and issued to different departments and worked on in Parallel so the movie is made out of order And you you only view it linearly pretty much at the end 130,000 frames to make a movie a film goes through a projector at 24 frames per second That's left over from the days when Edison couldn't make the projector mechanics go any faster without jamming We're digital now. There's no film projector and physical media here. We still do 24 frames a second. It's just legacy Frame is thousands of assets an asset and that's an important bit from when we get to the swift part an asset is a file or a Description of a file or a collection of descriptions of files that describe the relationship of all the things that go into making a frame And then each character po crane they have control points there are a three-dimensional model that has Kinematic system it has bones. It has hair skin muscles Cloth and hair and things like that are added after through a different department and Each of those in order to pose the character to get their animation have control points finger hair joint facial animation And how to train your dragon as an example of the dragon toothless had 4500 different control points So an animators job is essentially to edit a graph of how things move through space So the end result of this and I mentioned this earlier We produce data that happens to look good played at 24 Hertz through a projector, but primarily we manufacture data The data represents intellectual property represents characters Hopefully tells a compelling story and convinces you to go to Walmart and buy plus toys Kind of the goal We're also a file-based HPC shop one film will consume consume 75 million CPU hours over its lifetime Most of that in the last three or four months That's about 8,500 CPU years So if you start now you can get one movie done perhaps We each show we have about a 20,000 core compute farm dedicated to visualization computation rendering a Show at peak will use about half of that Since these shows are four or five years long. We release two shows a year We've got six or seven in flight at any given time We concentrate mostly from a resource perspective on the next three the one that's going to get released next is the most Important but the two after that are doing screenings and trailers and other sort of production work. That's just as critical Each show completes with a 300 to 500 terabyte footprint of storage. That's really important stuff that artists create We call those assets. That's intermediate stuff. We make that we The cutting room floors you will things that are used as to inform the later processes Then there's the ad to live as delivered movie The 2.2 billion asset transactions That's some process or some user or some compute machine asking the asset management system for an asset. I need Pose right harm. I need this eyeball. I need this piece of a tree. I need this piece of a rock That's done as a software as a service middleware Deployment that we built ourselves That's important for how we adopted Swift because we needed that layer between applications that don't understand object stores and the object store itself and the end product what we Manufacture at the end of the day is 250 billion pixels that are all neatly organized in the right way so that the movie is compelling to watch So what's what's got to do with it? Why where does Swift come in and why do we care about Swift? Both as an object store and Swift as a delivery mechanism if you think about File services is really three parts. There's persistence durability data protection making sure that you don't lose anything There's permission and security and protection and then there's delivery you have to get the bits from where they are to where you need them Right once or right only file systems aren't very useful This is the entire department layout for an animation feature. We talked a little bit about story They iterate at the top until we have something we want to tell it's the rough draft Manufacturing the movie is very expensive and very time-consuming so we try not to start until the movies fairly well understood Each of those lines represents what's called an asset handoff I might do some work product say in the editorial department which describes how long each scene in sequence or in what order they're in What the audio looks like and I hand that off to each of the other departments each of those asset handoffs is millions of files Potentially their hand and each department gets handoffs from its upstream and hands things to its downstream departments multiple times a day First place that we're using Swift is in our production management and production asset management environment Which we're taking advantage of the high-performance scalable durability features of Swift We use this as the the back end both for Content that artists create for some of the middle components as well as a delivered product Our asset middleware called PAM in turn leverages Swift's middleware to do some things that needed to do that weren't a native Swift This wasn't a full open stack deploy this was a deploy of object storage So we selected Swift stack as the vendor to help manage and install that infrastructure one of the things that we needed was Something Swift didn't had which is have sorry, which is object immutability the ability to guarantee that an object couldn't get changed by Somebody else when you put it into a certain state The notion of immutability and an eventually consistent globally accessible object store was kind of a mismatch So we worked with Swift stack engineering and they came up with a way to do a delegated authorization So when you do a Swift object put with a certain header in the file It calls out to our authentication server We give a thumbs up or a thumbs down and whether or not you have access if you can overwrite it if you can delete it Or if we should go call a police So it gives us a way to intercept in the Swift proxy and do authentication. You can use it too. It's in the product pretty cool The key to using an asset management system based on Swift in production is that our data set is is almost entirely read Only once it's been published We need to do a highly scalable reads into the compute farm in order to do the computations to get the next piece of the data We currently are deliver most of that data set using NFS We do about a million and a half NFS ops a second into the compute farm at scale The objects that are being delivered out of Swift are more complex So we don't have to do a million and a half ops, but we're looking anywhere from 300 to 500,000 object gets per second Most of those will come out of the cash couldn't do that out of the true object store I can do maybe 600 or 800, but if I get the object once out of Swift I put it into a scalable caching tier and then I deliver from there at a pretty high rate. It works out well The other thing we like about Swift Geographic diversity and global reach I mentioned we have studios in Southern California. We have studio in Bangalore and our studio in China Animation is a very collaborative sport You need people working on the same data set at the same time delivering content into the same repository for reuse by everybody else As a nice handy side effect of working collaboratively I get Geographic durability I get my replications not just in different parts of the data center I get them in different parts of the world. So if all of California explodes Could happen the indie operation could continue production on the film because the assets are all in country And our pan middle work piece knows geographic location of the data set if I ask for an asset And I don't have it in that data center It'll go get it from wherever it lives and bring it back by using Swift underneath the hood Swift can do the object motion and our middle work piece can just expect the data is available in those geos And if it hasn't replicated yet Swift will go get it for you. That's one of the nice features Archiving so this is if you recognize this is the scene at the end of the Raiders of the Lost Ark Archiving an asset preservation or near and dear to our hearts because our product is data and in order to monetize and use That data for other revenue streams down the road. I have to have it I have to have it with high integrity and I have to keep it for a low price the Next slide So archiving is an event. I'd have a data set. I like it. I archive it I put it in a cardboard box I put it in the warehouse next to the Ark of the Covenant and I forget all about it That doesn't really work because your data needs it needs to be preserved It's more like art. You have to steward it. You have to keep it clean You have to check it out every once in a while So I like to say asset preservation is a lifestyle if you're not consciously stewarding your data doing media refresh doing technology Refreshes in 50 plus years that data won't have any value to you because you won't be able to find it or get it And 50 years isn't really very long. That's the the time horizon that we look at because that's the durability of physical film Other companies you talk to the people from ancestry or the LDS church or the genomics guys They're basically keeping their data sets forever Where the data is persistent the technology changes the Mechanisms for moving data around will change. I mean they're talking about storing data in DNA Which is funny because in genetics I can store data about DNA in DNA, which is confusing The but the point I'm trying to make is that you need to be very strategic Intentional about stewarding your data and keeping it around and if you can't do it for a price point Lower than the value of the data than you're storing liabilities And nobody wants to keep liabilities around either delete it or keep it forever safely high integrity with low price One of the other use cases that I use sometimes is kind of a odd one It's to treat an object store as a big giant lun with named variable length blocks if you think about it if I named my blocks one two three four through some number and they were all 512 bytes long I could treat my object store exactly like a block device The model works there in two different places. We're using the Swift stack NAS gateway as a way to get NFS and Samba protocols Translated into an object store to support legacy applications And we're using a veer scalable NAS caches backed by object stores as a way to get low-cost durability storage for high-performance NAS delivery of assets that data set is primarily our transient data set There's a large amount of stuff we compute only to reuse for anywhere from a few hours to a few weeks That's recreatable upstream, but at a cost. Oh and the typical things you'd expect with open stacks So we have Swift underneath our open stack deployments to do glance and image and container repository to do build artifacts And deployment to do logs do all the stuff you'd expect it to do in an open stack environment And for the applications that are enlightened enough to talk to storage. Sorry object store directly Okay, so Peabody is the smartest dog. I know and he's gonna help me answer questions Questions got to be questions Given that Manila is coming out with with the technology to share Through through files, would you do this differently now or are you still using Swift and if so, how do you compare these two? Which vendor had you mentioned to In kilo release they have Manila, which is the file share mechanism.  Well, most file shares don't work well globally The ones that do work globally that can give you the same namespace and access to the same bytes with the same path Have an object store underneath them. I haven't met any globally distributed NFS servers for example that actually work Because I've got people at both sides doing millions of ops on the same data set and I needed to transit the globe NFS in Particular chatty samba's even worse and you can't do either you can't do locking at any kind of scale more than about 10 or 15 milliseconds So the object store lets me make my NAS eventually consistent If not Swift it would be some other object store But at last summer was the summer of object store. I looked at all of them Swift has the best global characteristics. We've enabled the sort of file sharing at a distance that we're looking for So you're actually writing to this total, right? It's not just read. No, we're writing to both So it's what's interesting as I mentioned that middleware piece provides one of its functions in addition to asset management is address Translation, so if an application says I need this piece of data, it looks it up in a database and says that's available on NFS That's available in Swift. That's available in Swift, but in California And we'll transit the data around and provide it to you when an artist at their workstation does a model or creates a piece of imagery That's committed as an asset Our versioning system is only whole new objects. It's all right and everything's version We don't delete anything or modify anything in place So I can have multiple different versions of things in flight It tends to be read mostly because for example the lighting artists read the models, but they don't change them They read the texture maps, but they don't change them The render farm reads everything and only produces imagery at the end. So almost everything's read mostly Thank you Can you share a little more detail on the archive in terms of what actual technologies you're using there? Is it LTO tape? Is it you know, like when you need to actually move things? Yeah, so it's in it's in transition What we're doing today is a collection of some hand whittled scripts if you talk to a digital archivist They encourage multiple copies multiple ways multiple technologies We use and many people in the media industry use a product called front porch digital, which is a content store that's tape backed The intent and I'm we're building some middleware to do this ourselves And I'm shopping for media asset management systems that can do this The intent is I ingest a piece of media that I want to preserve and it makes a copy in Swift And it makes a copy through front porch onto tape tape goes off site and I never look at it and lets my swift copy Explodes it's the golden copy. It's the one that has the most value By abstracting tape away with a piece of I guess if you have too many middle sideware It'll do media management media refresh and technology refresh of the tape media Where the middleware piece just tracks the fact that it's an it's another object related system But I've got them in two technologies with two different delivery mechanisms and two different latency characteristics all my reeds for old material will come out of Swift and All my rights will go to both places Someday one or more of those legs might be a service But if you've ever done the cost math on storing objects store in the cloud The cost as a service over time if you ever read the data is ridiculous. You can do it cheaper on-premise always Today and are you tracking you said with the preservation? You know you need some attention over time Certainly at a 50 year horizon you're challenged with you know the format of the files or the format of the objects You have a system to track that it's a we can get the file back But we don't have the app to read it in yeah So one of the things we do is we we publish the source code and the then the description of the file formats along with it We're like a Rosetta stone The intent is that some clever software engineer in the future will be able to read the Python script and the description of the thing and either run an emulator that knows how to run the emulator that knows How to read the stuff back or they'll just read the stuff back using current technologies You think about it certain file formats have been around forever There will always be a reader for TIFF files. They're just it's open source. You can compile it yourself For our proprietary file formats. We've talked about maybe we normalize them into something else But publishing the source code in a Rosetta stone. We've talked about publishing the VMs that run the application stack that can read the files It gets kind of crazy and it's even worse when you think past 50 years to like 500 years Hopefully we leave enough evidence the archaeologists can figure it out Or the guy after me as long as it's still there when I retire then we're in good shape So caching is one of the key pieces to making all of this work Yes Is your caching implementation ubiquitous with anything being able to cash cash anywhere or is it lumpy where? Certain caches get certain pieces of data and other caches don't we've done both in the past currently the caches are unified What happens is a little bit of stuff that's infrequently used you pay up a first read penalty and then after that it tends to stay in the Cache metadata for example, we pin Data sets we tend to let float because we have pretty good locality over time We're experimenting today. We're using Apache traffic server and engine X caches They're very web centric and they do a lot of extra stuff. So we're experimenting with writing our own Swift specific storage delivery cash layer one of the things Swift can't do is it can inject cash control headers into the mix as an example? So by writing our own we can have an API where we can inject cash control headers when the objects persisted Maybe has metadata on the object. So when it gets read you get time to live characteristics or other sort of invalidation It's cash all of your 30,000 cores have equally quick access to it. No actually So we it's the Brenda farms distributed. So the model is the caches are adjacent to the compute and they they provide both WAN acceleration for the data set They provide offload from the origin Swift service and they provide scale out it within the local data center So we have a computer only data center in Las Vegas, which is about nine milliseconds away from Southern, California First read goes over the WAN, but every read after that is satisfied by the local cash Integrated your batch scheduling to I think use MRG now we use MRG. Yeah, Condor Have you integrated it with that so that when batch jobs hit the system? They try to go somewhere where it's already cashed or do they just go somewhere we haven't yet Data affinity scheduling is really important the amount of inertia that data has versus the inertia that compute has is really really a big difference Moving, you know 500 terabytes of data to do some math on it is done move the compute to where the data is So we're working really hard to do data affinity based scheduling to move the compute where the data most likely was or is Thank you anything else So I wondered had you looked at SAF and do you have any Editorial about the difference between Swift and SAF we have looked at SAF a couple I looked a couple years ago where it was a little bit premature and Not necessarily Seth's fault, but the underlying file systems had challenges Seth is less an object store than a block store that has object capabilities Since red had bought them I expect some commercialized versions of Seth has object store But it wasn't when I looked and when I looked last summer Doing all those sorts of things we wanted it to do it's still a little manual to operate Doesn't have some of the same characteristics another year or so the decision might be different I want to things we like about our strategy is having Abstracted middle where I can put a different back in them there without changing the applications at all And so I get sort of the best of everything Assuming that you had Data stored elsewhere before you went to Swift have you moved everything over or is this all net new? Did you migrate data from existing archives or other stores? Yeah, we are migrating yeah today So the existing archives are on IBM tape managed by TSM, which is a backup system backup systems are terrible archive systems But sometimes you use what you have So there's a ongoing initiative to read that material back in do a little curating to see if it's still stuff We want that makes sense and reorganizing and then re-injusting it into the archive. That's labor-intensive You don't want to have to do that very often. You want your media refresh really to be an automated Low-cost low labor thing, but since we have to do labor on this one. We're going to take a chance to call the data set a Little bit anybody else All right, I'll be around for a little while if you have other things want to talk about. Thank you