Hi friends welcome back to my channel and a very special welcome if you're new here. My name is Jen I'm a certified weight loss and nutrition coach and today we're talking about my October favorites I had quite a few favorites this month I've really been trying to go through my skincare and my makeup so I haven't bought a lot of new beauty products But I do have some really great WW food favorites and some beauty products and an eyeshadow palette that I've been loving you guys have loved every look I've created it's the palette I took to Hawaii so we have a fun favorites video today So if you're excited give this video a big huge thumbs up Make sure you're subscribed your bell notification is turned on because I upload five videos every single week Check out the description box down below where you will find nutrition coaching I do offer personalized to you macros and calories Highly recommend this is how I have lost and maintained a And 40 pound weight loss as well as one-on-one coaching for accountability to ask questions or talk with me directly Links and discounts to my favorite things all of my favorites will be linked down below Discount codes links everything with the exception of what you can find at your local grocery store As well as my facebook group coming over join us. We'd love to have you So let's jump into my October favorites starting with WW foods Probably the start of the show for October and this is the fiber gourmet flower blend Now I went on to netrition to order my fiber gourmet pasta. You guys know that that is my all time favorite pasta It's only 100 to 110 calories per serving Half the points half the points or less of regular pasta fiber protein So good tastes just like regular pasta and while I was in the fiber gourmet section of netrition I saw this flower and it intrigued me because it says 55 less calories compared to white flour So a serving which is a quarter cup, which is what is traditional of flour is only 50 calories That's half of what is in traditional flour not to mention this has five grams of protein And 17 grams of fiber Where has this been all my life? Why am I using regular flour? Why am I stressing out about the kodiak protein flour being discontinued? When I can just get this off of the netrition website. I have used this in a couple meal preps I've baked with this outside of meal prep It performs just like regular flour for half the calories half the points with fiber and protein Game changing absolute game changer. You can buy this on the netrition website along with the fiber gourmet pasta And the fiber gourmet crackers. I'm going to pop a picture in because I ate all of them I ate them. I love them. They're one of my favorite things to have with cheese I like to dip them in spreads make a little snack plate using these fiber gourmet crackers They remind me of a table cracker or a water cracker They're kind of that thinner consistency They're really good. I bought the everything ones because they were on sale and I loved them They seriously were so so good. They're the perfect crunchy cracker and they have protein and fiber And they're only 70 calories for six crackers and the crackers are about that big. They're huge Love them. I mean I ate them all. I'm definitely going to need to go on to netrition and order some more So I did a big netrition haul so excited. I found the flour the crackers and of course my pasta I do have a 10 off discount code for netrition. I'll link it down below for you Now I quest chips a lot typically I lean towards the taco. Those are the ones that I like the most But when when I ordered off netrition They also carry quest products. So I ordered shakes from them and I ordered chips I got a couple bags of the spicy sweet chili and I wasn't sure if I would like them You guys know, I'm not a spicy food person. These are so good They have just the teeniest bit of spice, but they're more sweet and they're the tortilla style cracker or chip Which is the one I like. I don't like the weird Really flaky chips like the ranch and the cheddar. I don't like those. I like the tortilla style 19 grams of protein 140 calories If you haven't tried this and you're leery because it says spicy try it Delicious and again, I bought these off of netrition. This pleasantly surprised me. This is from the clio bars, which you know I love clio bars. They have the minis. They have the full-sized ones and this is their pumpkin spice Now this has nine grams of protein, which is an amazing option for a dessert 150 calories This is so good. I was a little nervous about it being pumpkin coated in chocolate I wasn't sure how that was going to taste So good. It is so pumpkin-y and flavorful and spicy and then the chocolate adds the sweet element It's incredible. I love these. I found these at sprouts. I know that they're seasonal So if you're interested, grab them. You can find them at most grocery stores. Walmart even carries the clio bars 10 out of 10 also at sprouts. I buy cherries now. I love cherries. You guys know I love cherries, but I have never tried the white cheddar. It's so good It's equally as good as the regular if you're more into white cheddar than regular cheddar What I love about teddies is the ingredients are nice and clean You actually get an entire ounce of crackers for 135 calories and you're getting six grams of protein These remind me of a cheese it but better They're a little bit more crispy and they have a real cheese flavor Not really that artificial cheese that you get in cheese it not that cheeses aren't delicious because they are This is just a healthier option less calories less points and six grams of protein What's in here is flour cheddar cheese cornstarch way protein cane sugar onion powder and jasmine extract. That's it That's all that's in here and they're really really good highly recommend the white cheddar recommend the regular cheddar Just recommend teddies in general now. I talked about fulfilled protein bars in my protein video And I found them on amazon. Thank you to everybody who recommended that I buy them on amazon Way better price and I can buy them by the case I was having to buy these singly at my kroger store or trader joe's all link the amazon ones down below So I ordered cases and these two are my favorite flavors. So first is the chocolate peanut Caramel all of these bars are only 150 calories 15 grams of protein. That's an amazing macro profile This one is snickers. This is a snickers protein bar. It's actually what I had for dessert last night Love these and for 150 calories You can't beat it some protein bars are upwards of two or three hundred calories And the fact that it has 15 grams of protein is incredible and it tastes amazing So highly recommend the chocolate peanut caramel and then there's the chocolate salted caramel So this is like a snickers with salt. So if you like that salty chocolate caramel, you will love this Both of these bars are amazing and I'm so happy that you guys recommended amazon because They're much more affordable. I'm going to texas here in just a few days. These are going with me Please if you haven't tried fulfill highly highly recommend all link the amazon ones down below for you Oh side note, they have multiple other flavors. These are the two that I like the best now this right here Kind of surprised me. This is from tillamook and this is tillamook cream cheese and chive and onion Now I love tillamook cheese. It's my favorite and I had never tried their Cream cheese and what I like to do sometimes is swap out mayo on a sandwich or a wrap With cream cheese. It just adds a little bit more flavor a little bit more decadent this chive one I don't know what it is about it It's so good. It is so chivey and I love that. I don't even know if chivey's a word I don't know if chivey's a word, but it's very chivey and I love it. It's so good It's really the best cream cheese. I've ever tried.  So it is two tablespoons for a hundred calories. I did not see a light version I'm okay just using the hundred calories on the full fat and a little bit goes a long way I usually only use a tablespoon when I spread it on a sandwich or a wrap Amazing on a western bagel just such a good cream cheese. Definitely check out tillamook and I have to favorite this yogurt You guys know that chobani zero sugar is my jam That's my go-to for yogurt But I wanted to try the light and fit greek pumpkin pie and I hadn't tried this that I remember Maybe I have in the past but I didn't remember if I liked it. So I picked up a couple delicious My only beef with the light and fit yogurt is the ingredients aren't the best the chobani zero sugar is a much better option ingredient wise But I will say that this was really good. Very pumpkin-y probably my favorite pumpkin flavored yogurt So if you want something that's true pumpkin, I would say that this is probably your best bet 80 calories 12 grams of protein delicious and then lastly for ww foods This is actually something that I bought locally in two-back, arizona when I had my meat up But I wanted to share it with you because you can't order from this company online It's the two-back oil and vinegar company or you could go to any oil and vinegar store and find this This has changed my yogurt bowl game. I Was asking the sweet girl at the store. I'm like, what's the difference between the dark Vinegars and the white vinegars and she was just saying the way that it is Reduced so she let us try all the different flavors and she was talking about uses for the vinegar I like to do vinegar and oil and make a vinaigrette and she was saying one of her favorite things to do Are you ready? Are you ready for these sweeter vinegars is to put it on a yogurt? And I thought I'm buying one for my yogurt bowl and I haven't looked back I've been putting this on my yogurt every single day. So I bought the blueberry white balsamic vinegar So this is that thick rich sweet vinegar. It still tastes like vinegar, but it's more of the sweeter consistency I drizzle one tablespoon one tablespoon on top of my yogurt bowl Game changing it's so good It adds that little bit of tang with all the sweetness on the yogurt bowl between the yogurt and the fruit and the granola and whatever You're putting on there Obsessed with this this one has no added sugar. So there's no added sugar in here It's one point for one tablespoon and I love it. It literally completely has changed my yogurt bowl I will never go back to not using a vinegar on my yogurt bowl And again, of course, you can put this with anything any meat any vegetables make salad dressing out of it I'm glad I got a fruity flavor for the yogurt bowl though because it ties in, you know, the fruit component Absolutely amazing. I will link to back oil and vinegar down below I think I can just link you to their website and I know that they do ship But recommend going to a vinegar store and picking up a sweet vinegar for your yogurt bowls Now before we jump into beauty favorites I want to share with you some supplements that I have been loving that I've really been utilizing this month And the first one is bell way now. I've shared these a few times in what I eat in a day They may be even been in a favorites, but I just want to rave about these gummies So these are the bell way fiber gummies. These are in the flavor Raspberry lemon they are these cute little gummies that are shaped like raspberries You take three of these to get in your fiber. So it's a great fiber supplement I use this in addition to my just better fiber to just kind of regulate things fiber keeps you full fiber keeps you regulated Kind of helps with digestion and with good gut health What I love about these in comparison to other gummies, especially fiber gummies you buy at your grocery store These do not have any added sugar. They're actually made with stevia So there's only 10 calories and three gummies in zero point So you're not getting all of the sugar that you get in a lot of other fiber gummies And I these are very very effective tmi warning a little bit tmi warning Relatively close to when I take these Everything starts to move in the right direction. So these are extremely extremely Effective they have a really really good flavor. They're also organic. There's no sugar and they are 100 Vegan literally game changing game changing definitely pick up from bell weight the super fiber gummies I do have a discount code for bell weight. I will link it down below for you You can see mine are almost gone. I actually just placed in order for three more jars I love these Troy loves these the best fiber gummy in the most effective Zero points zero added sugar and 100 organic and vegan definitely check them out. You also know, I love motivate I have been taking I've been using motivate products for a long time And I've been trying their gummy vitamins out as well And the first one that I picked up is the elderberry gummies now as we move into winter into the colder months Elderberry is really beneficial because there's vitamin c and zinc in here So it's going to help with colds and feeling sick during the cold months And these are really good. They are sweet and spicy. It's really really hard to explain the taste of these gummies Here is what they look like. I take two of these every single day And it just helps with your immune system during the cold months and they're really really good tasting The other supplement from motivate you can see it's almost gone I actually shared this in a recent what I eat in a day. These are their apple cider vinegar gummies Now I have taken apple cider vinegar gummies in the past but motivates are the best that I've tried They are huge. This is what they look like and you take two of them one time per day Now they taste like a typical apple cider vinegar gummy Little vinegary little sweet kind of like the the vinaigrette for the yogurt bowls But these have been really good really effective for me. I really really like them They are apple flavored and these are the two gummies that I've been taking daily along with my bellway fiber And this is just going to help me make it through the winter and then the bellway fiber I swear swear swear by it But if you want to test out some of the motivate supplements, these two are probably my favorites In addition to the greens and the burn and the recovery but supplement gummy wise these two are fantastic I do have a 20 off discount code for motivate. So I'll link that down below for you as well Now moving into beauty like I said, I haven't tried out a lot of new makeup I've been really trying to go through what I have I do a big declutter on my beauty channel every year towards the end of the year I'll be doing a makeup and eyeshadow palette declutter. So if you love makeup, definitely follow my beauty channel I upload lots of tutorials lots of different eye looks empties We talk about new makeup releases declutter. So definitely subscribe. I'll link my beauty channel down below for you So in the spirit of using up what I have I have to share this foundation This is actually the third or fourth one that I've purchased. I have pan in this This is from kvd beauty and this is the good apple foundation. It's actually the foundation that I have on today It's the foundation that I wear every time I film So it is a full coverage cream foundation If you have normal to dry skin, you will love this if you have oily skin You may not love this, but if you have like me normal to dry, this is so beautiful on the skin It sinks right in it's hydrating. I love this. Like I said, it's full coverage.  I will wear this if I want a full coverage hydrating look I can't recommend this enough and actually the Sephora sale is going on right now So you can pick this up for 10 15 or 20 off Depending on where you are status wise for Sephora. So I will link it down below I also have been loving this little guy right here. This is from milk makeup and this is their cream bronzer Now this is actually the cream bronzer that I'm wearing today.  This one surprised me I wasn't sure that I was going to like it milk makeup for me is a little hit and miss This is so creamy and the color of this is perfection. They have such a wide range of colors It blends out beautifully. It's not patchy. It doesn't look too much bronzer under if you know what I mean It is perfect. I love this. I will 100 be buying this again And again, this is sold at Sephora as well Now this is the blush that I'm wearing today and this blush has just been a staple for me I tend to reach for this a lot now. I have a lot of makeup a lot of makeup I probably have 50 different blush options and for some reason I've been really loving this one. This is from benefit and this is cristoff And this is the color of it. So it's kind of a orangey coral blush It is a matte blush with a teeny tiny bit of luminosity. Like I said, it is the blush that I am wearing today It's so beautiful. It's so perfect for summer. It's a great fall winter blush It is so pigmented. I mean a little bit goes a long way just one tap in and you get color payoff The formula of the benefit blushes are really really really nice and this cristoff blush Blush kind of put benefit back on the radar for me. There is a shelly blush that I want to pick up from them It's always sold out pretty sure benefits at Sephora too. So I'll link that as well lip products again This is what I have on my lips today. I love this so much This is from lawless and this is the forget the filler lip gloss now. They have tinted lip glosses They have regular lip glosses. I'll put the shade that I have on down below for you It has a nice big Doe foot applicator and this is kind of a mauvey Pinky purple. Like I said, it's what I have on today I love it It's so hydrating. It's so glossy. It sits beautifully on the lips. It's not sticky I love their forget the filler plumping lip gloss. This is not plumping. This is just a typical lip gloss I love this. I love this. I can't wait to pick up more shades and again Sephora sale And lastly for beauty, we're going to talk about my eyeshadow palette Favorite of the month. This is the one the only palette I took to hawaii Rachel my best friend used this palette and loved it and every eye look I did in hawaii Was using this and this is the basic witch palette From bella butte bar cosmetics. It is an indie makeup brand indie means independently owned So small business what I like to support and in my opinion the best makeup you're going to find is especially eyeshadow palettes Look at how beautiful this is This is their halloween release, but this is a palette you can wear year round You can do neutral looks you can do colorful looks There are shifty duo chromes multi chromes so many amazing shimmers in this palette and the mattes are so buttery soft This is the first palette i've ever purchased from bella butte bar and I love it I will be buying everything they release everything. I love this palette with every piece of my soul It is such a good palette. I found a discount for the brand I'll put it down below. It's the discount I use to buy my palette But if you like a colorful kind of fun Halloweeny fall winter even with some neutral shades. We've got a whole roll in neutrals here I can't recommend this enough the quality the formula is incredible And like I said, this is the palette I took to hawaii and that says a lot because I have over 200 eyeshadow palettes And I have reached for this palette so many times this month It's a hundred percent my favorite palette of october So those are all of my october favorites ww foods supplements and beauty Of course, everything is linked down below any discounts. I can find the cheapest price It'll all be in the description box for you If you enjoyed this favorites, give it a big thumbs up subscribe turn your bell on I do with favorites every month and I actually upload five videos every single week Let me know down below. Which one of these are you going to try out? And if you purchase anything, let me know. I'd love to hear what of my favorites will become your favorite I'll also link nutrition coaching discounts to my other favorite things and my facebook group. Come join us there We'd love to have you so that's a wrap on my october favorites, and I'll see you in the next one Bye


So you wish that your wear and tear effects would work around your normals, not a problem. For this setup let's just drag a basic gold material and add a basic paint layer. Then hold Alt and left click to disable everything except the normal channel. Once we have selected the shape of our normals let's just left click to apply some basic examples over here and then drag the wear and tear material like this. Then right click to add a black mask, right click the mask to add a generator and then just pick basic metal edge wear. Now this looks awesome but the question is how do we get the edge wear to apply to our normal details? Well to do that right click on the paint layer with your normals and say add anchor point. Then click on your edge wear generator, scroll all the way down under image inputs and under micro normals click anchor and set your anchor point with the same name as the layer that you are referencing them from, in this case layer 1. Then under reference channel tell it that we specifically want to reference our normal data. Then scroll up and under micro details set micro normals to true, you're done. And now you can see that any time you add normals to that paint layer the edge wear will properly be built around it and if you want to control specific normal details you can do that by adjusting the values under micro details. Hope that helps and as always hope you have a fantastic day and I'll see you around.


Everyone welcome to this weekend's video update for pro members actually recording this on the morning of Sunday April 11th So a little delayed this weekend compared to normal. So sorry about that But let's jump into it starting with just taking a quick look at the markets spx Just you know the markets just stocks just continue to march higher Took just a slight pause which is basically just flat sideways action with no range for a couple days and then ripped Into new highs again. We've been talking about this for the last couple months that you know We thought the S&P we thought stocks would just continue to climb ever since really after the election Is when we've been talking about this and as you can see if you zoom out just continued march You had a couple of little blips here in the market a couple you know a little blip here But then it's just kind of just on on on and on and implied volatility has just gotten crushed if we take a look at the VIX You can see we're now if I zoom out here I mean, you know, we're we're approaching pre-pandemic levels in volatility. So volatility just absolutely getting sucked out of the market and I and I imagine it will continue to do so again. We may have some little blips Some little news stories and little things come out, but I think we're gonna for at least the short term We're gonna continue higher now. I have started adding a little bit of short Delta Not not not doing anything crazy But I'll show you some of the trades that we that we added not adding any bunkers or any crash protection or hedge You know major hedge black swan type for protection at this point But you know, this market is starting to get a little bit extended I we saw a little bit of push-up and implied volatility even as the market was going up Which which I thought might indicate a potential, you know look at a at the market potential He's starting to blow the top off, but but it doesn't look like that way I mean it the market just marched back up and and Involatility got crushed even more. So just continuing to watch that but we will start layering layering in some short Delta We're a little over one to one almost two to one on our short Delta versus our theta ratio And part of that is just because we have a lot less theta on we have a lot less premium because we haven't had the Opportunities so it's not that we've tried to get more short, but compared to our theta We are a little bit more short at this point All right, so that's the markets if we take a look at that's the stock market if we take a look at bonds Let's take a look at ZB And ZB had this big slide and then for the last few weeks is really just continued to chop sideways And grind a little bit higher with with interest rates stabilizing a little bit But remember if interest rates do start to march up again, you'll see the slide and bonds continue because of that inverse correlation All right, so that's just a quick overview of what's going on in the markets Taking a look at you know what one thing I've been I've been watching and I haven't placed any trades in yet But is the grains I mean if you look at soybeans soybeans have been Took a massive rip higher and they've just been kind of marching sideways for a while But implied volatility the options in there are very expensive We don't do a lot in the grains just because of the commission structure. I mean if you do a four-legged lay a trade like a iron condor You know, you're talking about using 10 to 15 percent of your capital just to put that trade on And I don't necessarily like to like to do naked trades in there either because of the Substantial, you know limit up and limit down situations you can find yourself in within those commodity products But we may we may look to potentially, you know do a small position in Zs next week Just kind of watching it it already has traded sideways for a while So it may be looking to break out either up or down here So we'll we'll see what happens here, but the implied volatility options in there are very nice and expensive for for selling premium So we'll take a look at that and then oil we did have a an iron condor and oil that we took off for a nice profit But now and I was waiting for implied volatility to potentially pop back up But along with everything else applied volatility got crushed as oil has just kind of traded sideways recently So not much of an opportunity in there at this point So let's we'll jump into the alerts give you a quick update on our day trading had the best week that we've had day trading going back to September 14th the week of September 14th in 2020 Well, we had a big week of over 7,000 that week this week over $5,600 and this is our best week since then which on top of one of our worst weeks in a while last week and last week's Performance was specifically due to just a couple trades that I let get away and in my position size was bigger than some of the other trades and so this week really refocused on Just the discipline and and following the rules and it paid off big and that was just in four days We didn't even day trade on Friday. So over $5,600 trading Monday through Thursday mighty 90s plus 887 And that puts us at almost 10,000 total on the mighty 90 trades pairs trade just it just did two small trades minus 84 puts that us at Little under 2800 on the pairs and then the runners $4,800 on 16 trades and in the winning percentage is the big story here over 81% there on the mighty 90s 80% win rate So P&L on the runners gets us to over 47,000 total almost 60,000 on all our day trades So good stuff there continuing to have fun in the live stream room with all my day trading peeps and We'll be streaming live every day next week Monday through Friday. So look forward to seeing you then All right, let's move on to the alerts Starting with rut did a closing trade in rut. We had an iron duck price ran higher We picked a booked a bit over beak profit on that one. So took that one off for a winner Opening trade in SPX. So we added a weekly double calendar in SPX. We already had one in the same cycle So we added one more this one with four days in the front seven in the back And I'll get to SPX here because we already closed these out this week SPY vertigo so we put on a vertigo Last week did this with 10 contracts got a really nice move with both implied volatility and price And so we closed out six of our 10 contracts So just taking some chips off the table holding the remaining piece just to see if we can get some more sometimes I like to take around half, you know 40 50 60 percent of the position on here We just took off six of 10 so 60 percent booked some profits And we'll go to that here in a second because we took off the rest here this week as well JPM so we did a pre earnings long strangle JP Morgan has been well, let me get a chart to give you the visual here JPM has been trading pretty sideways The last few weeks and implied volatility is just absolutely been annihilated of course with the rest of the market however With earnings coming up you would expect that we see a pop and implied volatility now. We have not seen that yet But looking for a potential price move and some Spike and implied volatility going into earnings now earnings is on 414 before market So we'll be closing this out on the 13th And hopefully we get a little pop and implied volatility or a little pop in price either up or down To potentially book a profit here see we're down slightly on here because implied volatility has still just continued to to contract Even leading up to earnings which is interesting because that's not very normal But we'll see if we can get a pop here and sneak out of profit before we have to close this one before earnings Starbucks closing adjusting trade. So we had a long call diagonal just a bullish play in in Starbucks Trying to ride this momentum of the market going higher Starbucks got a really nice pop higher. We closed out Half of it half of our contracts for over a 60% profit on this and we're holding our remaining piece I know Starbucks has come down since then, but we're still up. Let's see. We've got a hundred sixty four of risk 100 so we're pretty close to to where we took that that other half off And if we can get another little pop higher in Starbucks into this week We'll be in good shape. So we as Starbucks popped up and started consolidating here We put put the straight on right here popped up. We took off half It's consolidating again. If you get another pop up, we'll take the other half off for a nice profit as well SPY closing trade. So this is the remaining four contracts that we closed in that spy Vertigo so booked a really nice profit on that in just a few days DIA rolling adjusting trade. So this is a short call vertical in DIA We just rolled it out from April to May adjusted our strikes accordingly And this is one of those positions. We're just keeping on for that short delta exposure So if you take a look at DIA, you can see prices pretty close to the break even right now Just holding that for some downside to benefit that piece if we if the market does start to turn Baidu long put diagonal. So here's one of the short delta plays that we that we put on We did this one with 23 days in the front week 30 in the back and we're just looking for some downside action Baidu and Baba these Chinese stocks have been pretty weak So we're trying to get get short the some of the weaker stocks on the board and we'll stay long some of the stronger ones And and play it that way so you can see, you know Even with the market ripping a new time all-time highs Baidu has shown some weakness tried to bounce shown some weakness Bounced again, so we're seeing if we can get one more one more flush lower to to benefit this So you can see we're already up a little bit on the trade from when we put it on and just looking for a little bit downside to try to book, you know somewhere fifty hundred percent of of Buying power so we've got about four hundred fifty eight dollars of risk So we'd like to book around that in profits as well if we get a little bit of a down move Lulu same thing added as a short position in Lulu again using the long put diagonal same expiration 23 days in the front 30 in the back. So if you take a look at Lulu You can see Lulu's actually moved higher on us since we put this on But again Lulu's been pretty weak came out with earnings show some weakness after earnings When it bounced up we're looking for a potential rollover It has moved higher on it since then but we'll we'll see if we get some downside move It's still kind of at the top of this consolidation area. It starts to break out We might just close it, but we'll see we've got some time So we'll see if we can get some get some profits at a Lulu Rut iron duck so we opened up a new rut iron duck with with prices moving lower on this day on April 7th Put on a duck with 14 days to expiration. So if we take a look at rut So you can see as the S&P is continuing to hit me all-time highs along with the Dow The Russell hit it back on the 15th of March But has not been able to regain that strength. So I had this little push lower so we put on an iron duck right here and you can see we're Prices moved a little bit higher since then so we're up a little bit on that trade But still a good chance to come back into the max profit area. So holding that for now SPX closing trade. So here's one of our iron excuse me weekly double calendars and SPX that we That we had on this was on Thursday with one DTE. So we went ahead and closed this one Booked a profit on this one and then the very next trade we closed our other one So we had two on closed both the you know, we just had a P&L tent was really sagging Assumed we were going to get some further you know Volatility contraction on Friday, which in fact we did so it was a good exit So one of them was a winner. One of them was a loser So we were out of those and then we went ahead and put on another one for the next week So this one with seven DTE in the front 11 DTE in the back Remember these front week options are the AM expiration options, which I always note in the comments here Which just means they expire in the first thing in the morning not After the market closes. So if we take a look at that one Bring this up here a little bit So this is our iron duck Click off that So you can see we're up Almost a hundred. Yeah a little over a hundred dollars on this So just looking for prices to kind of stay in this range Maybe get a little pop and implied volatility And it doesn't take much on these on these double calendars double diagonals It doesn't take a lot of a pop of implied volatility if we just get a little bit moved down A little pop pop and iv It'll really help the profit of this. We'll see what happens into next week And then we've also while we're here. We've got an iron duck in spx that Is still is way up the beak. So we tried to close this out This expires on the 15th So if we can't get filled for under five dollars just to book that beak profit of 120 We'll just let it expire But we'll try to we'll try to manage out of that one next week and just close it out early redeploy that capital Into another high probability trade XLk, this is one of our another one of our short delta plays This is a long put vertical just rolled this out from april to may And extending duration keeping that short delta exposure in our portfolio. It's pretty close to where we put it on Just looking for some downside to benefit that spy So we opened up a new vertigo this one was seven and ten days Uh, so if you take a look at spy Look off some of these theoreticals So you can see implied volatility did pop up slightly from where we put this on so we just need a big move up or a big move down Did eight contracts on this one a little bit wider So we've got you know potential to book five six hundred dollars on this if we can get a decent move in either direction And then lastly we had a couple of stragglers on we had a From a long call diagonal we had we had our remaining long calls left. So we just let those expire And then in dk and g Long call diagonal had some remaining long calls that we just let those expire as well So we were out of those So those are all the positions. Uh, excuse me. Those are all the alerts. Let's take a look at some of these other positions Starting with es. So we've got this long put vertical. We'll be rolling this next week It's way out of range with the up movement in stocks You can see we've got 19 days to expiration. So we'll we'll roll this out here the next couple weeks Uh out to extend duration and keep that as a short delta piece Uh zb. We've still got this short strangle It's got 40 days left to expiration that we've been managing you can see it's dead centered We're up a couple hundred bucks since our last roll Apple another short delta piece that has uh pushed higher with the rest of the market So looking for some downside to get back into range there. This one is out in may so not looking to roll yet Baba another one of our short positions here. This is another uh long Put diagonal prices right here. Just looking for a little bit of downside to benefit that I already mentioned Baidu DE Uh another one of our short delta plays just outside of range looking for some downside to get back in there DIA I mentioned iwm same thing. This is a long put di uh long put vertical Looking for some downside to get back into range there. I mentioned jpm lulu qqq Uh with this I mean with this big move up in the market, you know, this nasdaq as well had a big move up Almost hit a new all-time high Just under it in the qqq's Let's see did ndx hit it. No, yeah, just under it there as well So, uh, I mean with that with that kind of an explosive move You're gonna obviously bust out of the range of some of your short delta plays here, which is what happened Mentioned rut mentioned, uh, s bucks smh Semiconductors we've got this short strangle that we've adjusted into astral prices just hanging out here in the upper end of the range Could use a little downside to get back into the center there Mention spx spy and xlk So those are all the alerts. Those are all the positions. Everybody have a good rest of your sunday And we will see you monday. We'll be streaming live in the day trading monday through friday And uh, and we'll be in the community as well. So look forward to seeing you then take care


All right, we'll go ahead and get started. For those of you who don't know, you are in the STEM class and you are about to hear the smooth jazz. I'm just kidding. Speaker Patty Reeves teaching us how to make your website talk, how to use WordPress to power an Alexa skill. It's pretty cool. Take it away, Patty. Thank you, Claudia. Yay! All right. I know we've had some internet issues, so I'm really hoping I don't jinx myself because what I have planned for you today is we're gonna go from zero to hello world making an Alexa skill. So who here has an Alexa device? Cool. Who here has made a skill before? Ooh. Who here has any interest in making a skill? Oh, great. So, who am I? I'm Patty Reeves. I am very new to Arizona. I moved here a year ago and this is my first WordCamp Phoenix. Yay! I am super nervous because it is way bigger than WordCamp main, which is where I'm from. I am a senior user and experienced developer at Ally Interactive. We are a web development agency. We're a WordPress VIP partner. We often work with large publishers and nonprofits to bring their business online. I am a contributor of VoiceWP. I can say that as of yesterday. I have my pull request merged, but I really am a novice Alexa skill developer. I pitched this talk in November and at that point I was a little bit farther than where I'm gonna take you guys today, but I still feel like I have a lot to learn. So, I hope you came with your questions. I don't know how many of them I can answer, but I'm really excited about the potential of this technology and I feel like in working with it, it's gonna be the smartphones of the next decade where 10 years ago we were talking about making our websites mobile ready and mobile first and responsive and do they work on phones?  And I think that in a couple of years from now we're gonna talk about like, is your website multimodal? Like is it gonna work with text to speech? Is it gonna work on someone's refrigerator or in someone's car? And this is like a way to get into that and learn about it. But the technology is still really new and we're figuring out as we go along. So it's like a really exciting place to be right now. So what is VoiceWP? It's one of a couple different plugins out there that can create a link between your WordPress site and Amazon Alexa services. It was made by my former colleague, Tom Harrigan. There's this picture. He was a partner at Ali Interactive and just at the beginning of this year he left with Ali's support. He's spinning up his own company around VoiceWP. So I'm gonna show you guys how to use it. How I started making a skill is that in my work at Ali Interactive, we got a grant from the Knight Foundation to work with the Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum to make an Alexa skill that allows a person using their Alexa device walk through a gallery at the museum. And it's gonna come out in April and it's really cool. And we use VoiceWP to build it. So I went from like, I'm a user experience developer. I'm most often working with CSS and JavaScript and React and diving into the WordPress REST API that was all pretty new to me. But it surprised me how the thinking about user experience on a website and visual user experience, like all those kind of skills still translate to how you think about voice user experience design. And in some ways it's very, very, very, very different because voice is like a linear experience. You have to hear me talking now to hear what I'm gonna talk about later where as visual design your eyes can go to where they're interested in. But I wanna talk now about what makes a good Alexa skill if you have an idea. Here's three kind of points that I've been thinking about. One is that it's something that works really well in a hands-free environment. So if someone was driving a car or if someone was making dinner, that's a good time to have a voice experience where they don't necessarily have to see something going on. Another thing to think about is if it's part of a habit loop, like a person has an event through the course of their day and your skill is kicked off because of that event. So one skill that I have installed on my Alexa that I really like is for my dog. There's three adults who live in my house. Me, my husband, and my mother-in-law. And I have two pugs and one pug is very fat and he's always scratching at the food bowl.  And so I have a skill that like every time he scratches at the food bowl I say, computer, because that's what I call my Alexa, is a dog hungry. And then Alexa has like, there's like a database that recorded whether or not I've asked that question the last six hours or someone else has. And if the dog has not, if no one has asked Alexa in the last six hours, she says, yes, the dog is hungry, do you wanna feed it now? And I say yes, and then I feed the dog. And then hopefully the next person that is going to feed the dog asks the Alexa if the dog is hungry. So that's an example of what I mean about like being part of a habit loop. And then the third point is that it doesn't take a lot of back and forth. So who here has tried to like make a flight reservation over the phone? Like those are like painful, awful experiences or like if you like call your credit card company and you have to talk to a computer for a long time, that's like really where like the history of voice user interfaces are like in these phone systems. And what we know from that research is that people are gonna be really impatient if they have to talk back and forth with the computer for a long time unless you're really careful about making it like a delightful experience. So those are some things to keep in mind as you're thinking about what kind of skill would I like to make? But that being said, this is not a talk about what makes a great voice user interface. And if you are interested in that topic, this is a really great book Designing Voice User Interfaces by Kathy Pearl and she goes into the history of voice user interfaces and the first voice user interface was in the 50s which is crazy and like the technological constraints about it. So this is my chart, my simplistic chart that I made to illustrate how a skill works. So the person talks to the echo and the echo has some machine learning capabilities to translate intent that the woman has into like basically like a big array of different requests that you can make. And so the echo sends that request to Amazon and you have a developer dashboard where you're gonna like configure all the things about your skill. And then Amazon is going to send that request to an API on your server where you then can then interpret like what the user wants from that request and you can send it back to Amazon and then or you send the response you want the echo to say back to Amazon then Amazon sends it back to the echo and then it goes to the user which is why I am very scared about the wifi because you can see it has to go through a lot of paths between the echo and you but hopefully it will work today. Any questions so far? Cool. So what you need in order to get started is you need to have a Amazon developer account. It's free. It's the same one that you buy like dog biscuits with. You need to have a WordPress installation with the required plugins which I will get into and a local development environment and I use VVV which stands for Varying Vagrant. Varying Vagrant Vagrant, thank you Chad. Which it like allows you to spin up a local development server. So some of the stuff that I'm gonna talk about today is specific to that. You might not need to do it if your local development setup is not set up that way. But if you do, then this will be helpful. So the very first thing you're gonna do is you're going to go to the Alexa Developer Console and this is developer.alexa.com and don't worry, I have links to the slides and everything after this.  So there, the next page you get at the very top it's gonna say what's your skill name and you can change this as many times as you want in the development process but once you've submitted it to the Amazon store that is the skill name. Pick the language is English. Then you can choose a model to add to your skill and in this example we're just gonna go custom but if you're curious and you wanna play around with us they have some models that are created already that kind of get you further along than nothing. And then at the bottom you can choose a method to host your skills back in resources and we're gonna pick self-hosted. Okay, so once you've done that it's gonna ask you for a template and I believe these are new. We're gonna go ahead and start from scratch. So then once you get to that point you're gonna load this page and as you're developing a skill you're gonna get very, very familiar with this dashboard. This is like your console dashboard and you can see just like we specified the skill invocation name when we created it you can change it right here. So some requirements for your skills invocation name is that it cannot have the word computer or Alexa or whatever the wake word is for a device. Who here know what a wake word is? Anyone wanna shout it out? Like what do you use? Alexa, computer, Echo or Amazon. I personally use computer any Star Trek fans out there. So you can't use that in your skill name. So in this example I called the skill hello world so you would say computer open hello world and that would be how you get it to open. So once you have done all of that you have a skill ID. This is important. We're gonna copy it now. We're gonna go set up a bunch of the other stuff and we're gonna come back to Amazon and the skill ID looks something like this amz1.ask.skill.bunch of stuff. And the reason why you need this is because you're gonna plug this skill ID into your WordPress installation later.  One for your local development environment and one for your production environment. And that's where that invocation name is important. You really want them to be different. They absolutely have to be different. If they are the same you are going to have problems. They are not going to work like you expect them to. I'm gonna keep drilling this over and over again because it is a problem that I constantly run into when I'm not developing carefully. So we got the skill ID. Now let's play with WordPress. I have a repo. I will show you the link again at the end. It's github.com.pattyreeves. Hello, Alexa. It is a WP content repo. So what that means is all of your plugins and your themes are in this repo. This is what the plugins folder looks like. It's gonna, you're gonna need voice WP as a plugin. You're gonna need WordPress field manager as a plugin. And then I put the code for our Alexa scale in a plugin. This is what Hello Alexa looks like. Does anyone remember why I couldn't call it Hello Alexa in the invocation name? Because it was a trigger word. That's why it's Hello World. But I called it Hello Alexa here. So, helloalexa.php is the plugin file. And then I have a package.json file. There's no JavaScript in this project but the package.json is helpful because it's how I'm going to run my proxy service which is going to help give me some debugging information between working on my local computer and sending that information to Alexa. So, I'm gonna go over like, this is like the very bare bones what is in this plugin. I just like yanked it out of the construct method where we're creating a field to save that Alexa skill ID. That's what the add action submenu Hello Alexa settings is. So, there's gonna be a page Hello Alexa settings. And then I'm adding a REST API endpoint for my, basically for the endpoint that we're gonna send to Alexa. From there, too fast, too far. This is what that package.json file looked like. So, there was like really only two files in this plugin. And what is in here is I made an alias for bespoken tools which is a really sweet service that will give me debugging information between my computer and Alexa so that I can see like what Amazon is sending to me and what my computer is sending to Amazon as I'm working on it. So, if you've checked this out and you've set up your WordPress site, you have to run NPM install and that's going to install the service. And then after you run NPM install, sorry, getting out of myself, then you'll have it and it'll be ready to go. Okay, so everything's configured. Everything is checked out from Git. WordPress is running. I'm gonna head to the WordPress admin. I'm gonna paste in that Alexa skill ID into this field. And you can see here just because of where I configured it, it's in under tools, hello, Alexa settings, if you end up trying this at home later. Just a note, I tried configuring a skill where I saved the skill ID to an environmental file that you could have one for your local, one for your dev, but I had a lot of problems with caching and it not working if it wasn't in the database. All right, so this is terminal and I know it's very small, but I'm gonna try to walk through what the screen says. What I did is from that plugins folder, I ran NPM start so that was the alias for the proxy server. And the spoken tools gives me a nice little message. Your public URL for accessing your local service is random URL. And then the URL for the dashboard is that second orange random URL. So we're gonna go ahead and we're gonna go to that dashboard and configure it.  This is what bespoken tools looks like. You hit that hit create a new skill or action and you fill out, you need to fill out the name of the skill and how you open the skill. So the wake word right there and input. To be honest with you, I've had a lot of things where I've like tweaked the invocation name or changed it and I never had to update my settings for the skill after I did it once. So I don't know that they actually do map to anything in particular. Okay, so if you are using Vagrant in virtual box, you will need to make sure that you are proxying the port that you're proxying through is open. So this is a sites configuration file for the site I'm working on where what it's doing is it's listening on that port and it's saying, hey server, anytime something hits localhost 9994, please send it to this endpoint. So you're gonna save that. You're going to restart the engine X service and you're not quite done yet. There is a couple more things you have to do in order to make it work because you also have to go into virtual box and you have to, this is like a GIF, so it'll go back to where it was, but there's, you go to the network option and then it's covered up right now but you go to port forwarding and then you might have some port forwarding in there already and you need to add one for the port that you're working on.  So you might want to edit the vagrant file and then it'll always be there. Okay, so ports are forwarded, plugin is set up, the skill ID is pasted in, we've created the skill on Amazon. Now we have to go back and we have to put that endpoint that is on our local environment and we need to put it in Amazon so it knows where to send the requests to. So you do that, we're back at that same console we saw when we first created the skill and you're gonna go to the build, we're in the build section and we're going to end points which is highlighted in blue on the left side of the screen. We're gonna choose HTCPS which was the option we chose way back when we created it and you don't need to worry about filling out every region because while you're developing you just need to do the default region but if you had a skill and you wanted to have one skill for North America and one skill for Europe and one skill for Asia you can do that or different versions and what you're gonna do is you're pasting in that proxy link that we got when we were in terminal earlier. So instead of saying to Alexa like visit like my IP which be like 172.56, blah, blah, blah which might change every time I like go to a different location. I have this proxy URL, it never changes. You never have to touch this again and you paste it in there and it's always gonna work when you're running the proxy from your computer. So, next step. This is like the magic of Alexa. It's the intent model. So what you have here, I'm too short. There's a list of all of the things that you can tell your Alexa and it's going to send that request to the server and it gives you like a whole bunch for free. You don't have to configure them. The one that's like cancel, I don't wanna do that anymore. Help, Alexa help me. Stop. Those all come, you don't have to configure them. But then you can create your own. So you could be like, like in my Feed the Dog skill example, you'd have like Alexa is the dog hungry and the intent might be something like dog hungry. It's like a computer readable term that you'll understand. So in this example here, I called it Hello World. And then once you create it, you give Alexa like some examples of what someone would say when they mean that. And I said, say hello here. And Alexa's kind of, it's like fuzzy matching. It's supposed to be smart where you can say like some variation of something that's like that and it should work. You can also have a slot and a slot is like a variable. So like in my example of the gallery skill I'm building where the user is walking through a gallery virtually, I have go forward, go backward, go right, go left, where the second word is variable and that gets passed to my API and I can like conditionally, you know, send different responses based on what they tell me. Any questions so far? We're almost there, I promise. So after you do that, there's another slide. It's, so the last screen I showed you is like a GUI to do that. But it always is gonna create this JSON blob that you can access from the JSON editor option. And this is very helpful for like, I have my local skill that I'm working on and I have my production skill and you don't have to like update through a GUI every time you add a new intent. You can just copy this blob back and forth. Fair warning. The invocation name is in this blob. So if you copy your local development invocation name, be careful you don't overwrite your production invocation name and have lots of problems. Once you do that, you're gonna hit the save model button up at the top and then the build model button. And you have to do that every time you make changes. And then once you have done that, you can head over to the test tab. And what test is, is it gives you like a virtualization environment for an Alexa device where all you have to do is you just hit that check box up or I'm sorry, that drop down menu up at the top development. And that will enable it. And what you can do is you can hold down the microphone and you can ask it just like you would if you were using an Alexa device or you can type in your requests. And if you work in a coworking space where you don't wanna be like open and skill, blah blah like every couple of minutes or an office, like it is really nice to use this tool. It's also nice because if you recall using your own Alexa device, if you stop talking to it, then Alexa will stop, it's supposed to stop listening to you and it will turn off. But you can keep this open and it never will close your skill. So that's good for like when you're working back and forth, this is ideal. However, I strongly recommend if you are interested in developing an Alexa skill that you actually get one because then you'll get a real feel for like what words it's going to recognize and if a phrase sounds natural and also like how it sounds when it reads it back to you. It's like this is not really a great substitute for the real thing. So what is happening on the other side of the equation is in our terminal where we had run npm start, the orange blob is what Alexa is sending to your computer and the blue blob down at the bottom is what your computer is sending to Alexa. Pretty cool. And that is Hello World. So I thought that together we could live code an example of we can add an actual intent to it. So right now if you say hello, I believe it does not do anything. Can you guys hear me okay? If I go here and go to edit, I have that intent and if I go to test, I'm sure I'm in my plugin, I'm gonna do npm, that runs my proxy. So if I type open Hello World camp, send the request and I don't have any audio but it said Hello World camp 2019.  So what you wanna do is I'm gonna go through more of what's in this plugin. I showed you what the constructor function was already. So this is the root that we called and what it does is it will then run the scale function once that root is hit. So in scale all this stuff is kind of boilerplate like making sure the request is coming from the scale with the right ID and then it gets a request and a response. And so then what we do here as we run this function, request response and I already have Hello World camp Phoenix 2019, goodbye World Camp Phoenix 2019. I can change it right now and it will automatically update. So if I do open Hello World camp, now the danger is that this is going, it's getting proxied through my tethered phone so it might not always work. What I'm gonna do is I'm gonna reload so I get a fresh session and we get the response CI automatically update. So I'm gonna go back to then I did say hello which was that intent that we created but then we never finished and doesn't do anything. And you can see here, I wanna make this bigger. It sent a request of the type intent request and the intent name is Hello World. And my skill didn't have any logic on how to handle that so it didn't do anything. But what we can do here is I can say if it's dangerous, do I have this on the side here? I think I'm just gonna piece this in. Okay, I'm gonna walk through what this is. So the request is intent request which I know I got grabbed from this type right here. And intent equals the request intent name so it's intent and then the name is Hello World. And then you can just have a big switch statement that says like handle this request this way, handle this request this way. So in the case of Hello World, and I also concluded the default just in case I've created an intent and didn't match it. The response object you send the use the method respond and then you can just write a text string. So this is coming out of my plugin. It should say now I hit save. I go back here and I'm gonna reload not because you have to but because I'm a little worried about this internet connection open and it should say something like see I automatically update, automatically update. And then I'm gonna say hello and this is coming out of my plugin. Any questions? That was what I had for you. This is like I really wanted to let you know that it really is once you configure all of these things, it really is very easy to develop an Alexa skill this way. It might not be the most straightforward way as opposed to like using like no other JavaScript but if you have a big WordPress site with all your different configurations of what you wanna do, you can make this be a plugin that sits with any other plugin and it has all of the power of the WordPress API. So you can like query posts, query settings and it's a really cool kind of interface like making this gallery skill. Like the editors are like editing their scripts for what they say at different gallery stops right in WordPress. It's very cool. Anyone have a cool skill idea? Any questions at all? Yes. What do you mean the voice WP plugin? What I was just working on. So this is what is available to you as part of the voice WP plugin and I kind of glossed over it up here but you create a voice WP instance right here on line 72 and then you're able to take from the request to the rest endpoint right here voice WP then wraps it with all of the methods so that you can send the responses the way that Alexa wants it. What's your question? Yes, Ali has developed a couple of Alexa skills. We did one for People Magazine. We've done a couple small ones and I'm working on the one that I was talking about with Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum but it's not published yet. So when someone uses the skill they're using their Echo Dot and they're not using a computer at all. Am I getting your question? Like, so you don't need to use the Echo Dot or an Echo or any or an Echo Show to develop it exactly but you could because the cool thing is that you have your account is associated with your device. So once you start developing it and you register it all in Amazon then it's already available on your devices that develop. You don't have to proxy it. So it's like, yes. But I mean the proxy as you can see gives you all the information about what is going back and forth between the servers. How it, yeah. And so VoiceWP does have like some default fields out of the box that you could have a skill that's like a blog reader like reading my last five posts. Can you read me like the third of the fifth post? It doesn't but that would be pretty cool. Now what you would have to do if you wanted to do something like to manage your site via Alexa is you would have to in Amazon you have the, you can create a skill that requires like permissions where like the user would have to link their Amazon account with an account on your WordPress site so that like anyone couldn't just go and like delete comments on your site. So is there a way to talk, target any particular piece of content within a page like a block for Gutenberg? You mean like that Alexa would only respond with a particular? So the way I would think about doing that would be if you like you'd query for the posts and then you'd query for that particular content within the post just like you would if you were like writing a template to display it. But then you'd have the rest endpoint here and it would read that back as a response. So there, I don't believe that Siri has like an app development environment like this. Though if it does, and anyone knows about it please correct me. I know that Google Home allows you to create a Google Home Assistant and you can ask for a Google Home Assistant and VoiceWP only works with Alexa right now but that might be something that, right, right, not really any standards right now. You had a question all the way in the back. You could, now I am at my last minute but come talk to me later and I will, I can point you in the right direction. All right, thank you very much.


I think we're at a very interesting stage today in the development of quantum science and quantum technologies. It's still at a fairly early stage, but we're making very rapid progress and I think there's a lot that's coming in the near future. A lot of people are talking about some of the first applications of quantum processors and quantum devices in areas of quantum simulation or quantum chemistry. So being able to design better catalysts for certain processes or perhaps designing drugs, things like that. Some of the first applications may also be basically solving interesting science problems. There's interesting ideas about employing quantum information ideas to make enhanced sensors that can do a better job of a whole host of functions. And also there's starting to be more development of algorithms or ideas about ways of applying quantum computers for other kinds of problems, for instance in pattern recognition, machine learning and the like. I think it's also hard still at this stage to know what all the end applications of quantum technology will really be. If we look at sort of the analogous phase in the development of conventional computing, again there were only a handful of very niche sort of defense related things like solving nuclear weapons problems or again cryptography and a lot of the consumer applications, cell phones, the internet, email and all those things were not really envisioned until much later on in the coming of the information revolution. So I think it's hard to predict if there really will be a second wave of the information age and if that will involve quantum but if it does I expect that the real applications will be things that we also don't anticipate today. So I think there are a few ways we can start to prepare for a quantum future. We can look to try and put together the kinds of infrastructure and the ecosystem that will allow the development of these kind of technologies. I think it's not something we can rely on being solved just by the government or by the private sector or by academics alone. It's going to require a close working relationship between all of those entities and all those stakeholders.


Okay, so using the periodic table, rank each of these main group elements according to decreasing atomic size. Calcium, magnesium, and strontium. Okay, so decreasing, that means biggest to smallest, right? So which one's the biggest, the biggest one? Strontium's the biggest. Calcium. Calcium and then very magnesium. Right, so they're all in the same group, right? They're just one below the next one. Okay, so big, smaller, smallest. Okay, that's the trend of the periodic table. Everybody okay with that? Any questions on that?


We will continue talking about sounds. So far, we have looked at consonants and vowels and then we were looking at places of articulations of different vowels and different consonants and manners of articulations of different consonants and different vowels. Then, looking at manners of articulations of vowels, we have seen that there are only two ways that we look at it, particularly the ones that I have shown you so far. They could either be a short vowel and a long counterpart of that, where short and long are relative of their production. According to places of articulations, vowels are either back vowel, mid vowel or front vowel. Again, this back, mid and front is this sort of organization is on the basis of the direction of flow of air, which is either, which is exhaling air that this is why we have back, mid and front. Then, we carefully started looking at some of these places, where we have seen five different places of articulations so far namely, velum from where we get velar sounds, pallet from where we get palatal sounds, teeth we get dental sound and lips we get bilabial sounds. Looking at this chart, once again on the vertical axis, we have places of articulations that I just mentioned to you and then, we saw that merely place of articulation, merely identifying place of articulation is not enough for understanding of sounds, because from each place of articulation we see various different sounds. And then, we have to have more things to describe these sounds and then, once we look at this, once we look at two more features such as aspiration which is little bit extra flow of air and voicing which means vibration in vocal chord by putting these two things together, we are able to get unique features for each sound that you have seen so far. And these many of these sounds are common to many languages some of them are a specific to languages spoken in south asia, I am going to show you some of some such sounds. However, there is one more point which is important to mention here that these are not only few places of articulations in this picture, there could be more. For example, when we when we look at sounds like ta, ta has a specific place of articulation, ta is significantly different from ta, can you hear the difference between the two when I say ta and ta, there is a significant difference between the two. The place of articulation for ta is teeth where tip of the tongue goes very close or in between two teeth that are upper teeth and lower teeth and then we get these sounds. However, the place of articulation for ta is different from teeth which is what alveolar age. So, again looking at this picture teeth these are these are our teeth. See this and I want to draw your attention here beginning from here this the sharp part of teeth all the way to this this is alveolar age. So, what would that be in in generic term in general language what would that be how would how can we describe alveolar age in a simpler way because if I tell you alveolar age right right away this does not make much sense it makes sense only when you know the term and when you know the place. So, if you have to explain alveolar age to somebody what will you do? Roof of the mouth has many things in it like like palette is also roof of the mouth. So, it is more specific that is that is nice term roof of the mouth but more specifically how will you describe that? So, it should not be difficult right roof adjoining teeth good. So, the muscular area where upper teeth are in fixed can we say that that is the alveolar age and in that area as well it is the upper part upper area is what we know as alveolar age there is a reason why I am talking about that and I bring you to that point in a moment. So, it is clear alveolar age is the place of articulation then what happens if we want to look at movement of tongue what else is going on with that when we get sound like ta say it for yourself ta because all of us being speakers of our languages that is languages spoken in south asia we can say these sounds several other like speakers of arabic or english may not be able to say these this sound why we will we will look at that but can you tell me about the position of lip position of tongue in that alveolar age sound and that those sounds which come from alveolar age are called retro flex sounds I have talked about wheeler palatal dental and labial so far did not tell you about retro flex this is why I was holding them for this moment. So what what is happening with the tongue bending backwards can you can many of you say this ta ta see this thing can you give me some words where you see this sound ta no I come back to tenets in a minute no no so is this the spelling of tenets or the spelling of tenets or my point is I am glad you gave these examples I was going to give you these examples right away when you are talking about these sounds they are not sounds from alveolar age however when we say by we I mean speakers of south asian languages we do make it sound like them ok what do I mean by this difference by when when when I say I am talking about we make it sound like them I am going to tell you in a moment but that these are not the sounds from that part or or the better way to put it is when speakers of English say these things then in that case these sounds are not from alveolar age and I am going to tell you about that place of articulation also in a moment we are talking about sounds ta ta right so give us some more words where you find that I can give you a clue give me a word from our languages tomato tomato means ok more have you had a word called tum tum yes no some of you tum tum is a horse carriage have you seen a horse carriage where did you see that movies not in real life not yet see how far we have moved ok so tum tum is a horse carriage that is a word for tum tum tum is a word for horse carriage more more words with ta ta have you had a word called thug cheat thug have you had a word called danda danda no danda no that is danda danda stick these are the sounds ta in tomato ta in thug and da in danda have you seen have you heard a word called dhakan tap and dhakan is also metaphorically used for stupid have you have you heard this word right there are lots of words in abundance with these sounds in dervedial languages as well I I do not speak a dervedial language either telugu or tamil so I do not have a word for that but if you think about the sound that I am talking about and try to find a word from that in tamil telugu canada and malayalam there are lots of words lots of words with these sounds can can someone think about that and tell me some of the words from telugu or tamil or malayalam with retroflex sounds ta ta da or are you still thinking about it while you are thinking about it let me continue saying this is another live example of what we know as knowledge of language I am telling you and I I I know that for sure that all dervedial languages to be more generic all languages of south asian part of the world have these sounds in abundance when we say these sounds in abundance we mean lot of words with these sounds I gave you some of the words that I know now I am asking you for some of the words from these languages the languages that you speak the fact that you are you are not able to tell me those sound those words with those sounds does not mean you do not know them it is just that you know all all those words but you do not know that you know them what is the what is the last sound of the word called word tamil when I am saying am I saying it correct when I say tamil tamil see this thing so when I am saying it I am not saying it correct what is that sound that sound is also a retroflex sound which is not in this list but that is also a retroflex sound say it for yourself and then see if this is happening or not whether there may be a different place of articulation where the tongue is rolling back or not it is a retroflex sound see there there could be many more many more our languages are full of them that that is the point I am trying to make tongue curls back hits the flap that is alveolar ish and then comes back these are specific these that these are meaning these sounds are specific features of our languages in other words these sounds are not in languages which are spoken in other parts so anybody trying to learn our languages whose vocal tract is conditioned with the sounds of English or for that matter some other language are going to have difficulty with these sounds just like we have difficulty with some of the sounds of English namely this one the sound ta in tennis is not as ta we say let me let me say it let me say the same word twice and then see if I am making the difference or not tennis tennis tennis am I saying the first sound differently in when I am doing it twice what is the difference anyway any idea not necessarily you have to answer this question I know the answer to this flexing much meaning it is not bending much in fact that that is correct in fact when we say these sounds of English including the sound in table table the tongue is not supposed to roll back but our languages are full of such sounds and in our language we do not have this so what we say is what we are doing with therefore we end up saying table tennis tongue top however the way I am going to describe it first and then I will let you decide the place of articulation for these sounds the way they are supposed to be said or the way English speakers say these things is the following the tip of the tongue goes in between these two places look at this now see alveolar is here and upper teeth it stays somewhere in the middle here the tip of the tongue just stays somewhere there ta ta ta sometimes these descriptions are given like the following English ta is softer right you may have heard there are stereotypical descriptions of Dravidian languages the Dravidian languages are very hard have you heard this thing some of you must have heard this thing I hear this every time many other stereotypical descriptions of not just Dravidian languages many other languages as well what they really mean is Dravidian languages have lot of retroflex sounds which is lot of words with retroflex sounds for example if we are talking about non Dravidian languages that are Indo-Aryan languages namely Hindi, Oriya, Punjabi, Bengali you have only these five ta ta da da na and some more only few of them however just now I gave you one example of the last sound of the word Tamil that is another one in Tamil and there are more another Dravidian language Malayalam has few more of Dravidian sound few more of retroflex sounds compared to Tamil see the point therefore sometimes people say such things which sounds stereotypical and at times derogatory however the point is these languages have more retroflex sounds coming back to English English does not have any retroflex sound this is what people mean when they say ta English ta is softer the tongue is not supposed to roll back and is this place of articulation in your mind for English ta right so that so what is what do you think we are going to call that place take you back there again if the other place was alveolar ridge right and the previous one was teeth so somewhere in between alveolar ridge and teeth we have to find a place for that and that place is called either sometimes it is called alveolar simply alveolar so these sounds of English are called alveolar sounds okay there are more sounds in English specific to English which could be located in these whole vocal apparatus there are some sounds which are in our languages also and in English and Arabic as well which could be located in these vocal apparatus remember languages are going to share sounds right so it is not possible that we have some sounds and that is not in English I am telling you about retroflex sounds that these sounds are not there in English so this is part of the list which are not available in English but then there are lots of sounds which are there in English at the same time there are some sounds of English which are available in our languages too I am going to show you some of them as well is this place of articulation thing clear to everybody do you understand now when I said these things are not retroflex sounds clear I think sorry yeah so keep the keep the tip of the tongue this is not a training place where I can tell when I where I can help you with that but I can describe that and I can show you at least once keep the tip of the tongue near upper teeth that is upper part of the upper teeth that is the place of articulation for that when I say keep keep it there what I actually mean is speakers of English get their tip of the tongue there table tongue teeth top as opposed to top table tongue see that in the second ones what I am doing is it is getting rolled back now a word of caution here as a footnote if I end up saying or if you end up saying table not table table I want to know from you given this description so far is that our fault is that a deficiency if it is not why is it not deficiency conditioning is the key word when we were growing up we were growing up with these sounds with these languages we are not growing up with sounds these languages our generative apparatus that is in our human mind that apparatus got clicked with these sounds and simultaneously our vocal apparatus when we started speaking one word many words few words and full sentence and language during this process of five years or six years or seven years of age but conditioned with these the sounds that we have later on we add one more language to that where we found there are some sounds some of those sounds are different what we end up doing is we end up instead of no not instead we try hard and still the vocal tract does not get conditioned instead what happens is we find sounds that are very close to that therefore instead of saying table we end up saying table remember we do not say table right when we say table table we do not say table what I mean is it is not it does not become dental what it what it becomes is retroflex that is the only difference and it is not a deficiency because of conditioning and it is not a problem if I do not sound like English speakers that is not a problem that is because I am not supposed to be doing that it is like saying I do not look like someone what is the problem in that and these this conditioning trust me is like DNA once conditioned not going to change before conditioning gets matured or while it is in the process you can do anything with that by anything I mean you have to do you have to relocate the child in some other place then it gets gets conditioned perfectly fine but once it is done there is absolutely no way you can change it absolutely no way therefore one should not be at all bothered even about if someone points it out to you that is difficulties of English particularly in terms of pronunciation keep speaking the way you do it is not a problem for you you are not making any error it is not a problem get get get the point and I am saying this thing not because I want to be politically correct I would not repeat this thing again I am saying this thing after showing you the technical aspects of these things and this is the answer to these questions you may have heard about some training programs I see things written on roads come and learn English in 2 months and then I have also heard about some training programs where they where some schools give training where you start sounding like Americans there are some some schools of that type I do not know what they do there I do not know whether they have some vaccines or what what happens I really do not understand I am trust me I am not trying to be sarcastic about them but knowing what we know about language acquisition how conditioning works mechanism of sound production of any language and how we speak what we speak such things are not possible for 5 minutes I can also say that or or if at all you get some training for 5 minutes or if you have done good training maybe you can do it for 10 minutes but that is all about it it is called hyper correction that is all about it the moment you leave that thing you are going to come back to your normal normal self when I am talking about language that is study of language I am talking about spoken language in normal self okay so I could be saying this thing for you twice or maybe 4 times that this is not ta this is ta but trust me when I am speaking fluently either Hindi or English I may be saying the same thing ta as in table ta as in top see this thing can we move ahead now okay so that that is about one that is that is the story of retro flex sounds and it is little bit overlap with some of the sounds in English and the difference between retro flex sounds which come from alveolar rich and alveolar sounds which come from alveolar itself curling the tongue back backward and not curling the tongue tongue backward the differences are these get it alright rest of the sounds we have we have already discussed have we and you have seen how aspiration and voicing did we talk about this or not we talked about that aspiration and voicing are going to give unique feature to these sounds many of you know artificial languages right many of you have done courses in artificial languages what is the most unique feature of artificial language Java C plus more more unique if I say if I say binary does this make any difference to you the use of binary symbols in artificial language either those binary symbols could be either 01 or in terms of plus minus did this make sense no do you see the use of 01 in artificial languages well that is the problem most of the time what when you are doing these things now you are working with a compiler when those things are written they are artificial languages are primarily based on binary coding am I right 01 same thing could be with plus or minus one of that comes from the binary features of natural language how does a sound in natural language gets uniqueness it gets uniqueness only when you look at its binary classification if we are talking about only aspiration or only voicing we are not giving each sound distinctive features the distinctive features each of these sounds get only when we look at plus aspiration minus voicing you see this top things the this thing so 01 application of 01 in binary coding of artificial language is coming from here and important thing is to you need binary coding to give you uniqueness I do not know how artificial language is taught to you because to teach artificial languages you do not even need to talk about this thing but I am taking you somewhere else where are those things coming from the moment we say artificial language it has to be it has to do something with natural language one of the things that come to binary come to artificial language is from here all right okay with this we can move ahead we have looked at these places of articulations in details and these manners of articulations in details there is one more part which I want to talk to you one more types of sounds and they are fricative sounds okay let me show you some of the words and with those words we can talk about some of such sounds the sound sa in a word like subah or a sound sha in a word like sham do you see the difference between these two sha to sa and sha tongue is making this difference let us be more precise of what okay hold on first of all when we say sa sa the first one what is the place of articulation before we look at tongue sa place of articulation because these two things are important to decide any sound or to talk about any sound the first thing you need to look at is the place of articulation in the vocal apparatus is it located in the front or back front fine we are exactly in front that is not the place tip of the tongue is involved in that but where does the tip of the tongue go teeth does it sorry it stays it stays floating but towards which side teeth of the towards teeth these sounds first one is dental just for that and then tip of the tongue what does it do to that teeth does it go in between or does it touch it brush it right sa sa and then what is going on with the flow of air it comes and it is fast because of that fast flow more flow and tip of the tongue and teeth this sound is called dental fricative and dental fricative it is important particularly to know this because if we say this is a dental sound you have seen the dental row do you see them here do you see that here no no if it is a dental sound why is it not here remember I told you about this thing this was designed by Panini approximately 2500 years ago from now that is around 500 B.C. See it is a it is a great thing that this guy came of it it is not a mistake if this dental sound is not there in fact it is in my understanding of this thing it is more than perfect in the sense that is not talking about the manner of articulation which is close to what we say fricative here is putting them somewhere else it is a dental sound but it is somewhere else on the basis of its manner of articulation get this thing now wherever it is put the the chart is not important for us we are not learning alphabet writing system or anything chart is not important for us see the next one sham what is the place of articulation for that that is if lip sorry if tongue is involved you have seen so far most of the sounds that we have discussed tongue is involved in some way or the other everywhere right what is tongue doing to which place palette right palette and what what is it doing sure so this is a palatal sound then what is and again you see this is not in that list of palatal sounds right this is not in the list of palatal sounds so if this is a palatal sound what else is happening with tongue sure sure try little harder should not be very difficult say it again you type of shape so what correct me if I am describing what you are saying as you type the two side blades of tongue are touching palette and then that thus it is making a shape like this and the flow of air is through that so this sound is called palatal fricative palatal fricative there are there are couple of other names given to this type of sound which are not important for us right now get this thing that is sure and so so when these sounds are classified they are classified on a different basis the last one something like I do not know how to say that when we say word like Porush right somebody who speaks Hindi Punjabi or Marathi how do we say that which one is that when you are saying that there is one thing which I did not put here how many of you are familiar with the with Nagri writing system some of you so bear with me I will just take one example from there to indicate something so we I am talking about this kind of thing which is this am I right then we have this which is this which is the second one here and then I am talking about something like this right which is the third one third one is this right so this is a writing system this is a symbol for that sound get it symbol for that sound now when we say the word Porush right do not bring the picture of the word written word in your mind tell me how this word sounds to be more precise how the last sound Shah sounds it is extended order no no no do not tell me that what I am saying is you are right it is harder but are you able to say that or when I say Porush do I sound like this actually every time we say this sound by we I mean here speakers of non-Drividian languages that is speakers of Indo-Aryan languages particularly say when they want to say this they end up saying this one because this sound is almost clear lost in Indo-Aryan languages if we take example of Hindi or Marathi we are whenever we want to say this we actually end up saying this so in a spoken language this is almost lost however this has not gone from writing system which is another way of saying written language change very slow written language is change very slow or sometimes it does not need to there are it is just an example of a particular symbol which we write but we do not say and right now I am talking about spoken language and in a spoken language what has happened is this is lost this is what we have there is another interesting part as a footnote I can tell you in some languages in some languages namely Bangalore this also does not exist if they want to say this one they would end up saying this one now these are the things which help people make stereotypes but trust me these are not I mean in the in the lighter way in people can use these things for fun however these are not funny things in nature these are exclusively dependent on conditioning of vocal tract on other hand some languages does not have this one they only have this one for example languages is spoken in eastern UP or sorry not not not eastern UP and western Bihar or for that matter entire Bihar to all the way to Assam they do not have this one they have just this one so if a speaker of Hindi from Bihar would say Sam instead of Shyam and in that way they would say and that is not their fault either it is just that it is an output of conditioning okay if someone wants to say this thing Subha probably a Bangalore speaker would end up saying Shubha just listen to them carefully you will get these things and this is lost however this is not lost in the Dravidian languages this is intact in Dravidian languages because this is a retroflex sub retroflex sub sometimes ago probably this was available in Hindi also through Sanskrit now it is lost the Dravidian languages have not lost it because the Dravidian languages have more retroflex sounds so it is not too expensive quote and quote for them to retain this one however for Indo-Aryan languages it is too expensive to retain again expensive under quotes expensive simply means human mind works with economy there is a some there is a principle always under operation in human mind which is called principle of economy it does not like ridden densities it does not like complexity when we say human mind does not like complexity we actually mean it does not like ridden densities if there are only few words where you are going to find this sound retroflex Shah it is going to remove it and merge in favor of the existing one which is very close that is called economy of principle which is under operation by human mind so and this is an answer to the loss some we described this that something has lost right when we say Hindi or other other Indo-Aryan languages have lost it it is not that it slipped out of their pocket it is not that they were travelling and they forgot it somewhere it has disappeared what could be compelling motivation for that disappearance we are talking about language there has to be something compelling and compelling motivation for that loss is ongoing principle under operation principle of economy in human mind see this thing because of abundance of retroflex sounds abundance of retroflex sounds such loss is not visible in the remedial languages get it so these are the important things to keep in mind while we understand sounds and its structure alright one more sound and then we stop then we stop we have we often find a sound called fa right please read the words mentioned here I am going to have to spend few more minutes on this thing which we do which I do on Monday okay but I just want to introduce this to you when we say a word like full right and a word like fa like full do you hear the difference between the two full and full what is the difference you can you can see that difference lips touching both the lips touching in which one fa right that is because this is a bilabial sound both the lips must touch now the next one is the first one is fa where lips are not touching each other fa now this sound fa the first one is not in abundance in our languages and the second one fa where lips are touching is not available in English so when we learn a English word like full it is highly likely that many of us would end up saying full okay however these two words are completely different things because of the first sound of these two words are you with me see the you see the difference between the two sounds now what is the place of articulation we already know the place of articulation for fa in the word full or fa in the word full had these two words full and full we know the place of articulation of these two sounds what is the place of articulation of fa clearly both the lips are not touching so where is the place of articulation for that fa right upper teeth and lower lip so what do we call it and that is that is going to be another place of articulation another type of sound in this vocal apparatus right so upper teeth sorry lower teeth and lower lips and lower upper teeth so what is what will be the sound simple lips and teeth labio dental that is called labio dental I am sorry I should not have expected that term from you labio dental right and again what about the flow of air is it too much or like too much therefore it is classified as fricative fa is labio dental fricative see this thing now fa is not in not in abundance in our language there are there are few more which I discuss with you on Monday and then we will close this part on this part of discussion on sounds and then we go to the go to word formation processes where we see application of these things in words okay and possible constraints on word formation thank you.