I don't have a demonstration, unfortunately, because it is the last presentation of the day and it has economics in it. So that always makes people happy, but I do talk fast. So I'm going to try to stay on time, 40 slides in approximately 20 minutes. So I talk fast, so let's hang on, and we'll see how we do. Like Kip said, I'm with the National Solar Dynamics Lab in Auburn. We're on campus. If you don't know a lot about our lab, I'm part of the conservation systems research group. There's four of us on that team. Dr. Balkum is one of those. He's an agronomist. I'm an economist. We have Andrew Price, who's a plant physiologist, and Ted Kornicki, who's an engineer. We work as an interdisciplinary team to look at conservation systems, specifically in Alabama, but hopefully applicable to the whole Southeast. So why are we talking about conservation systems? Who wants their field to look like this? Anybody? Anybody want to have anybody seen this kind of field? Yeah. We don't particularly want our fields to look like this, but it can happen, right? Especially when you have no cover in the winter, maybe. I think there's some crops growing, but I think that's residue out there. In the winter, when we have heavy rainfall, like everybody's talked about, sometimes you can get runoff. And if you don't have cover out there, you may end up with something that looks like this, and we don't want that, because what's going to happen over time? Your productivity is going to go where? Down. And so we don't want that. We want to maintain our productivity, so we want to keep our soil where it belongs, and that's in the field. David set me up perfectly to go into my presentation, which is great, although I consider myself a conservation salesperson, because I have to tell you how much it's going to cost you to do a conservation and what the benefits are going to be to that, and hopefully it comes out in the positive. There are four main questions we're going to talk about. What is a conservation system? Are conservation systems being used in Alabama? And luckily, we have a data source now that can help us answer that question. I adopt a conservation system, and what does our research say at the lab? I'm going to give you two examples. There are a lot more, but that means I would talk for the whole day, and I know you don't want to listen to me for the whole day. What is a conservation system? For us, when we do our research, we assume that a conservation system is conservation tillage that we're going to maintain crop residues on the soil surface. We know that under some circumstances, no-till is not always the best option, that you're going to need to use a little bit of minimum tillage, whether that's through strip till or a fall or spring para-till, that maybe that's the best option, but it's still considered conservation tillage. Also, we include a cover crop in our conservation systems. Most of our research is dealing with rye and crimson clover. We do have some research dealing with other cover crops. Our main goal is to keep the soil covered, exactly like David said. We want the soil covered. And I know this is the corn and wheat conference, or a short course, so wheat is keeping it covered in the winter through a commodity crop. So why do we need to adopt a conservation system in Alabama? These are things we've already talked about a lot. We have highly weathered soils. We have high rainfall, especially in the winter. We have high temperatures. We have high humidity. So as his demonstration here is showing wonderfully, we have low soil organic matters. So we want to try to raise our soil organic matter up. Excuse me. This would probably be easier than me pointing at the screen. So in the 2012 census of agriculture, I don't know how many of y'all filled that out that are producers. One of the questions that they asked that hadn't been asked before was about conservation on your land, specifically related to tillage and cover crops. And this is a lot of numbers, and I'm going to go through it quickly. We have about 2.8 million acres of cropland in Alabama. Not harvested cropland, that's cropland. So that includes pasture and grazing land that could be used for cropland. That includes land and cover crops. That includes idle land. That includes more than just your harvested cropland. So that's cropland. According to the census, we have about 380,000 acres in conventional tillage. That's 14% of cropland. We have about 312,000 acres in conservation tillage excluding no-till. If you look at the definitions in the census, no-till is not just no-till. It's actually defined as no-till and strip-till. So that's something to keep in mind, especially as you're filling out the census. It's important to read the definitions to make sure you understand the questions. That's about 11% of cropland. According to the census, we have almost 710,000 acres of conservation tillage, no-till. But I like to say no-till and strip-till. That's about 26% of our cropland acres in Alabama that are, according to the census, in no-till and strip-till. Then we have almost 200,000 acres of cover crops. That's about 7% of the cropland acres. I like to consider this the benchmark. This is the baseline for us. We don't really have this data coming from the census prior to 2012, so going into the next census, it's going to be interesting to see how those numbers have changed. That's great information that's being provided by the census that we haven't really had before at the state level. Just a little, I could stand here and talk about this data all day. I know I'm very excited about it because it does provide us with more information. This is based on a North American industry classification system, NAICS. I kind of combine some of them together. There isn't one called specialty crops, but that's horticulture, fluoriculture, all the non-traditional commodity crops. You have oil seed and grain, specialty crops, cotton. All other crops include peanuts, hay, sugar cane. Then you have livestock. I just grouped all the livestock together. Here for oil seed and grain, we have about, for the operations that are considered oil seed grain farms, we have about 650,000 acres. 8.5% of those are in cover crops. As you can see, the specialty crops, 10.9, almost 11% of those acres. There aren't that many in Alabama. This is for Alabama, not for the U.S. There's only about 100,000 acres of those that fall in that category in Alabama, and 11% of those are in cover crops. You can see where the majority of our cover crops are located, cotton. We have about almost 10.5% in cover crops. This is just good information so that we at the lab can understand how conservation systems are going to be applied on the land and who's adopting those. Why adopt a conservation system? In my prior life, I have something in common with David. I worked for NRCS for seven years, and one of the things we talked about was how do we get people to adopt conservation, and sometimes it can be very difficult. There are a lot of reasons why people don't adopt conservation, and one of those is how much it costs. What does it cost for me to adopt conservation? Because a lot of the benefits we receive from conservation are not recognized right now, not in the short term. They're long-term benefits. You may have to wait a few years before you actually see the benefit of that. So I'm going to talk about, briefly, what are the environmental benefits and the economic benefits? How much does it cost to do a conservation system as we define it in our research, and how does it fit into your current rotation? So David touched on some of these. These are the environmental benefits of a conservation system, obviously controlling soil erosion and reducing runoff. The first pictures were demonstrating of that. We would like to keep the soil on the land. That's one of the main reasons. Also increasing crop residue, we want to increase soil organic matter, and like we've talked about rainfall a lot, we've talked about irrigation. We want to absorb that rainfall impact. We want to improve soil quality. I'm going to go into these in a little more depth in a few slides over. Also increase plant available water. That's very important. Through conservation systems, we can increase plant available water. Improve water infiltration. Also reduce yield variability. So even in years where you have low yields, if you can decrease your yield variability in your field, then you're going to make more money on that field. So by reducing yield variability through conservation systems, you can reduce your risk. So increasing plant available water. This increases the efficiency of a rain irrigation event. We've talked a lot about irrigation this afternoon. And so by using a conservation system in conjunction with your irrigation, you can increase the efficiency of that irrigation event. Plus you can potentially lower your water requirements, which what happens when we lower our water requirements. We save money, right? So we're all about saving money because if we save money, we increase your profitability. We increase the bottom line. And we also need to preserve water resources. We do get a lot of rain in the winter, but at some point we may be at a place where it may change and we don't know that. And so we want to make sure that right now we preserve those water resources going into the future and ultimately lower our production costs because that in the end is the most important. This is just a demonstration of rainfall variability. This is Alabama. This data is from Evie Smith, which is the star. This is 63 years of rainfall data. I started it days since March the 1st. So this would be March the 1st. So this would be April, May, June, July, through December.  The black line is the 63 year normal. The red line is 2009. So that's what we, the cumulative rainfall was what, almost 55 inches of rain in 270 days. And down here we have 2011 and 2010. And they're about the same at the end, but you notice when did you get the rain? And Dr. Ortiz and I were just talking about this. It's when you get the rain. So how did the, how was the rainfall distributed? We had a huge rain event right here. Notice that five inches of rain in a period of a day. What does that do to your field and to your crop? So we want to be able to help infiltrate that water and through a conservation system we can do this. And this, this variability, so here you have it here, 70 inches of rain. I'm not sure. I think this was in the 70s. Not positive on that. But you can see the yield variability that exists at this one location in Alabama. Not yield variability. I'm sorry. It's late. I'm tired too. So some of the, I want to go into a little bit of the benefits of cover crops. This is David touched on this a little bit, but I'm going to go through it because I want you, I just want to go over them. Improved soil quality, so increased soil organic matter. And I'm repeating this because it, I just, it tends to sink in I guess. A reduced soil erosion, improved soil structure and quality, improved soil fertility down here. The ones in orange are ones that we can kind of quantify. As an economist, at some times hard to put a value on every benefit of a conservation system. So we know that conservation have a lot of, conservation systems cover crops have a lot of benefits. But being able to put a value on every single one of those is not always the easiest thing. But we can put a value on supplying nitrogen and improving fertilizer use efficiency. Excuse me. Also reducing pest problems, suppressing weeds. If you have to, if you use a cover crop and you have to use less herbicide, that has an economic value to it. The same with reducing diseases and reducing nematodes. Other benefits may be a reduction in labor if you go, if you go from four passes with a tillage implement to no passes with a tillage implement, it's saving you time and it's saving you money. If you can maintain your yields and that's always the question. Using fuel use with prices going down, people tend to forget about that but we know what prices were for fuel. So it's extremely important. Reducing land prep costs. Somebody asked a question about fallow and I think it was you, David, was talking about have you seen a producer say, well, I've got cover out there, I've got weeds. Getting rid of those weeds has a cost. So when you're thinking about using a cover crop, you're saying, well, that cover crop is going to cost me money and it's going to cost me time, well, so is fallow because you still have to get rid of those weeds and depending on the severity of your weeds, you then have to, you have to control for that. You have to account for that. Also reducing irrigation requirements and improving water quality. You can put a value on water quality. It's even easier when you have regulation but I didn't make it orange because I don't. Let's try to stay away from it. Some of the costs of converting to a conservation system. You may need new or modified tillage equipment. If you're doing some sort of strip till or minimum tillage, also planting equipment, you may need to modify your planter to deal with high residue and you'll see why that's important in just a minute. Also, the cover crop establishment and termination is going to cost, is going to be a cost. There may be a learning curve for managing high residue cover crops and when we talk about high residue cover crops, we're talking about more than 4,000 pounds an acre. That's what we consider a high residue cover crop. There may be a learning curve of dealing with that much residue, limited experience with conservation tillage and or cover crops. Also, there may be a change in chemical use. It could be an increase. It could be a decrease depending on how well your cover crops do at suppressing those weeds. We hope it's a decrease in herbicide costs because you are suppressing those weeds. We've talked a lot about seeding rates. There may need to be an increase in seeding rates. We have a lot of really great information that comes out of the lab, especially in the form of fact sheets. They're all available on our website. I'll give you that website at the end. If you're not familiar with our lab or what our website is, you can go and get this. This is one of the fact sheets we have on modifying enrol subsoilers and planters for a high residue system. It just gives you an idea of what some of the options are for modifying your current equipment so that you can move into this kind of system. Also the cost of cover crops include establishment, labor, seed, planting, and fertilizer. My dad's a farmer and sometimes when I talk to him about the cost of what it's costing him to do, whatever he's doing, he says, well, the seed is costing me $20. Is that what it's costing you to do that? And he's like, yes. I'm like, well, what about your time? What about my time? He's like, I'm out there doing it anyway. Well, it still costs you money. Your time is valuable, especially as a producer, because you could be doing something else. So always include, when you're thinking about the cost of doing something, I always include labor because it's costing you money. You can either hire somebody to do it or you can do it yourself. Also termination, we use chemical and mechanical termination. There was a picture of a roller in the previous presentation. Dr. Kornicki has worked a lot with rollers at the lab. And so we use a chemical termination with glyphosate, traditionally, and then a mechanical termination with a roller. So it's rolled fat. And you can see that this is cotton, but you can see that. I think it's cotton, might be peanuts. You can see the blackouts rolled down and then it's been planted into. This is another example of a fact sheet. Every year I update our cover crop cost fact sheet. It includes the common cover crops that people may use. In Alabama, I call a couple of the seed providers in Alabama and Georgia to find out what their costs are for those seeds. And I include that in the fact sheet. I try to update it every year prior to fall. And then we also have fact sheets about the majority of cover crops that are probably grown in Alabama by producers. It includes the uses of those cover crops, the planting dates, seeding rates, what you can expect for residue production and nitrogen production in the case of cover crops that produce nitrogen, and also just a little bit about the cover crops. Cover crop establishment, I've talked about the cost of planting a cover crop. We use a high, our research includes a high intensity, high management cover crop. We, when we use rye, we see 90 pounds of rye. Now you say, holy moly, 90 pounds of rye. So that's what we include because we're trying to get the most biomass to increase our soil organic matter. We also fertilize our rye. So you can see here, this is fertilized rye. This is non-fertilized rye. We recommend 30 pounds per acre. That's what we use in our research the majority of the time. And that's what you'll see in a minute. I kind of give you an example cost. And I know it's sometimes sticker shock for people. This is a termination. We have a termination fact sheet that talks about all the different factors that go into deciding when you terminate your cover crop because it's very important. This is an example of a roller. So you can see here, this is our rye. This is in one of our treatment, or one of our experiments. And you can see the roller back here. If Dr. Krunicki was here, he would have a great video. I don't know if you've ever seen his presentation, but he has a wonderful video of showing his rollers in use and it's great, but I don't have it today. So this is a roller and it's rolling the rye down and then we plant into it. I'm going to talk a little bit more about this data in a minute, but this is just an example just to show the differences in biomass production related to termination. This is an experiment that took place in Prattville, Alabama at the experiment station there between 2004 and 2009, that six years of data. It was a corn-cotton rotation experiment. We used two different cover crops, rye and wheat. So the wheat was terminated. It wasn't harvested for a commodity crop. So as you can see, we had less than 4,000 pounds per acre of biomass when we had to terminate the cover crop before corn. We terminated that in March before planting of corn. And then for the cotton, we let that go another month. And you can see the increase in biomass just from that additional month of growth. So if you can imagine now here we're dealing with, in 2006, we were dealing with over 10,000 pounds per acre of rye biomass before cotton. So that's a lot of residue and you have to manage that. So this is an example of what I usually use for our costs to do cover crops in our research at the lab. So I have a cereal rye, 90 pounds. Cereal rye is very expensive right now. It's 57 to 58 cents a pound. So it's the primary cost. Then we no-till drill fertilizer in the application and then we have the chemical and the mechanical termination for a total cost of $93. But that's with 90 pounds of rye. That's the Cadillac of rye cover crops. It's a high management, high intensity cover crop. I like to also include this. I said break even corn yields, but it really could be yield equivalents. So if you have a $90 cover crop, that's equivalent at $3.50 corn. That's equivalent to about 26 bushels. So as that number, as you lower your cost of your cover crop through lower cost seed or through different methods of planting the cover crop or whatnot, you'll see that that number goes down. The good thing about having not enough time is you can skip through the slides you don't really like. So I'm going to talk a little bit about some of our research, two different projects, one's on corn and one's on wheat. This one is related to the biomass data that we just looked at, but it was in Prattville, Alabama from 2004 to 2009. It was dry land, cotton and corn. It kind of is right before Brenda talked about her research at Prattville. This is kind of in the years before that 2004 through 2009. We had four tillage treatments, fall peritill, spring peritill, spring strip till, and a no-till treatment. That is we didn't have a conventional till treatment, so these are all a minimum tillage treatment or conservation tillage.  I called it corn residue, it was fallow, but there was a lot of corn residue out there. So the ground was covered. And then rye and wheat, it was on a Lucidale fine sandy loam. Dr. Balkum has a paper that covered the cover crop biomass in the solar organic carbon, but the yield data and the net return data hasn't been published. Just to give you an idea, there's a Togga County where Prattville is. This is where that soil series is located. You can see the field, this plot, this area where we did the experiment had been in conventional cotton for the previous 10 years. So it had been, I would say, so conventional cotton for the previous 10 years. Let's just leave it at that. So this is another example of the biomass, I'm not going to talk about it because we just did. In 2006, we had the highest biomass for rye and wheat was in 2008. So this is the rainfall from that time. How many of you remember 2006 and 2007? Can we think back that far? It was dry. So in Prattville, we had cumulative from the days of planting. We had about seven inches of rain. In 2007, we had approximately four and a half inches of rain, I think. I might be off a little bit. I'm looking at it sideways. So you can see these two years, we had very little rainfall over the time period. This is a picture from June of 03, I mean June the 3rd, 2005 versus July 11th, 2006. You can see the difference in what the corn looks like, even though it's not the same time frame. I had to throw, we threw 2006 data out because we didn't have any. No yields. So this is just a comparison of the corn yields from this experiment. And I'm not going to talk about the cotton, obviously I don't have time, but I wasn't going to talk about it anyway. So the red is Alabama average corn yields. The blue is the Taga County average corn yields. For some reason, NAS didn't have those averages for 2008 and 2009. And then the green are our experimental yields. So you can see we were up around the state average in 2004 and 2005 because we had a tiny bit of yield in 2006, but not enough to matter. And then in 2007 and 2008 and 2009, we were below the Alabama average, but the Alabama average includes irrigated land as well. So it's not just dry land, it's dry land and irrigated land. So that's always important to remember when you're looking at state averages, if they're not broken out by irrigation. Oh gosh. Okay, so this is the, so down here on the very bottom, it's broken up by fall peritil, no-till, spring-till, and strip-till, and then residue. So corn residue, rye, and wheat. So I grouped them by years because it's a lot of data. So this is 2004, 2005. You can see there's not a huge difference here. So like for spring peritil and strip-till, you have the rye and the wheat being the highest yields. So you can see the yields, except for no-till, the yields are pretty equivalent when you have residue and then a cover crop. And the same thing is really true for the other years. You can see that down here with strip-till, rye and wheat did better in 2008 and 2009 than the residue. I'm going to go straight into the treatment costs and net returns because that's my specialty, I guess. I assumed $4.66 for strip-till. Peritil is $8.82, regardless of timing because it's just a timing issue. Cover crops didn't include the cost of chemical termination because once again, fallow is not free. There is a cost to terminate the weeds, the winter weeds on the no cover. So I didn't include the cost of chemical termination. This is only the cost of seeding, establishment, and termination with mechanical termination. So the interaction between tillage and cover crops was not statistically significant except in 2007, but I didn't include that for the sake of time. I mean, you can see in 2004, 2005, spring peritil and strip-till, there's no significant difference. 2007, no, which was the driest year. No-till did the best, had the highest net returns above. This is net returns above variable treatment costs. So we're only talking about treatment costs, so the things that differ between treatments, not your total variable costs. In 2008, 2009, similar results with no-till doing the best. When you look at cover crops, okay, now I'm talking a lot, when you look at cover crops, you have the corn residue did the best with regards to net returns above variable treatment costs. Directly related to the cost of our cover crops. Because if you notice in the yield slide back here, cover crop yields, the yields with the cover crop treatments were just as good as numerically or better than the residue. So in conclusion, when we've been talking about this at the office is that we had some questions that came out of this, so whether, how did the yields in 2008 and 2009 were less than the yields in 2004 and 2005, however, the rainfall was almost the same. So how did the drought in 2006 and 2007, how did that impact the yields in 2008 and 2009 and did it? And that's a question that we're thinking about. Also the corn residue, we had corn residue out there. How did that corn residue, what role did it play in the success of the no-till, no-cover treatment? So no-till did great, but the no-cover treatment, how did it play a role in that? How did it play a role in the no-till, no-cover treatment doing so well? Also cover crop intensity, and this is of interest to me, can a cheaper cover crop system provide similar results in corn at a lower cost? And that's, I think, an important question we have to ask. So wheat production, real quick. Dr. Balkam's going to talk about this tomorrow, so I'm going to be super speedy. For locations across Alabama, they're grouped by soil type limestone valley at Tennessee Valley and coastal plains as EV Smith, Wiregrass and Gulf Coast, 08 to 011, depending on location. We had two tillage treatments, no-till and conventional. They weren't necessarily the same between locations. So EV Smith, the coastal plains had four passes for the conventional while Tennessee Valley only had one, and then we had 12 fertilizer treatments. I assumed a price of $5.72 of bushel. We did have test weight data, so I included that because it's extremely important when you're calculating the price of your wheat, and you all know that. So I did include that when I was calculating the returns, as expected. So these are our fertilizer treatments. We had a fall applied at either 0 or 20, application at Feeks 4, at 30, 45, 30, 40. We basically were looking at 60, 90, and 120 pounds at end. And so that was just broken up between fall, Feeks 4, and or Feeks 6. So the most expensive option was $82 an acre, and that was option number 6, with 60 pounds at Feeks 4 and 60 pounds at Feeks 6. I assumed a nitrogen price of 58 pounds of nitrogen. So these are the preliminary results. You see no-till, non-inversion, depending on location, had the highest net returns above variable treatment costs. So regardless of location, no-till, non-inversion had higher returns than conventional tillage and wheat. For the fertilizer, treatment 8, which is fall applied 20, 70 at Feeks 4, was not statistically different from fall applied 20, Feeks applied 40. Regardless of location, there was a significant location interaction with fertilizer treatment. So I'll show that next, because this, I think, is the most – this is Limestone Valley. How many of you all live up in that neck in northern Alabama? So you're getting higher – based on our research, you're getting higher yields than in southern Alabama, or mid-Alabama. So this shows the ones in blue were not statistically different. This is just at the highest level. So the highest net returns of variable treatment costs were at 373, and that was number 7, which, based on the previous slide, that's 20 fall applied and 40 at Feeks 4. For the coastal plains areas, because these are all grouped together, 8 and 9 were not statistically different, and that would be 8 is 20 fall applied and 70 at Feeks 4 and 9 would be 20 fall applied and 100 at Feeks 4. So I'm going to let Dr. Balkum talk about this experiment some more. I just – tomorrow I just wanted to show you the economics of that, and the net returns above variable treatment costs to give you an idea of how the conservation works within wheat with no-till. So some concluding thoughts. The best conservation system is the one that fits your operation the best, and we know that as we go into our research. It's site-specific, and it has to be based on the goals of your operation, and I've heard several people talk about the goals of their operation like Annie D. did, and so you have to look at the goals of your operation and what's going to work best. So many of the benefits of conservation systems are hard to quantify. So even though the cost may be $90, let's say, there are a lot of other benefits that accrue to – like you can see here – that accrue to a conservation system that are hard to put an actual dollar value on, but they can't be forgotten. You have to consider those. The preliminary results show that no-till corn is a viable option in Alabama, dependent on location. No-till non-inversion wheat provided the highest net returns above variable treatment costs, and the highest net returns to wheat were realized at 20 pounds of in per acre in the fall, with 40 pounds of in per acre at Feaks 4 in the Limestone Valley, and very similar except with 70 at 70 pounds at Feaks 4 in the coastal plains. The final slide. We have a newsletter that goes out twice a year. We don't spam you.  We just send you the newsletter and occasionally a fact sheet if it's really good. And so, this is our website where you can get more information about what I've talked about. Also, if you send us an email to this email address, we can subscribe you to our newsletter, which we send out via email, and it has a lot of great information on it about what we're doing at the lab plus our publication that we've put out if you have more interest in what we're doing. So, with that, I'll take some questions, I guess. Yes, sir. Are you working with Extension to do the experiment on its research plots on the plant? You know what? I'm going to let Dr. Balkum answer that because I piggyback myself on to the other scientist research, so I'm going to let them answer that. We have done some of that, but the majority of our research is on the experiment station, but we have done some, because you said, quantitatively, it's hard to show, but we'll understand, but some of these neighborhoods don't really seem to be doing a little better, but I know it's hard to make that change with equipment. And I think that's a joke about being a conservation salesperson, but that's one way I think we do sell conservation. It's when you have people adopt it and they go out and talk about it and they talk about the benefits that they visibly see, that's anecdotal, that they see on their operation, that's the best way that we get people to do conservation systems. I can stand up here and talk about our research all I want to, but somebody is out there saying, well, I use less herbicide, so that's saving me money. Well, we can't change that in our experiment. It has to stay the same regardless of treatment. So that's a cost that I can't quantify because we haven't changed it. And so you're right. When you have a producer that can sell it to their neighbor, that's the best way that we have of getting people to get that from 7% of crop landing cover crops up to 100. Yes, sir? Do you see a yield hit when you move into conservation ag and do you quantify those prices across? You know, if you look at that, that's a hard question to answer. If you look at the corn, that corn-cotton rotation, I don't know what that was in conventional cotton before then. I don't know what experiments came out of that. So going from that conventional cotton into a conservation system with a rotation of corn and cotton, you know, the yields for corn were 120 bushels acre. That's average for Alabama for the whole state. So I would say those are pretty good dry land corn yields in that location. So I don't know what the conventional yield would have been because we didn't have a conventional treatment there. But I think that's a great question. It's one that should be looked at. Yes, sir? Can you clarify what you're calling a no-till? Is it strict just getting the seed in the ground or are you doing strict till? In the case of the wheat, for example, at Tennessee Valley it was traditional no-till, nothing. Just planting. But at the Gulf Coast, it didn't have a subsoil. It had a subsoil. It passed with a subsoiler. If we do try to make that distinction though, like she showed the corn test, she showed the corn test with the no-till and that was strictly planting directly into that as well. So we try to make the distinction, you know, that strip till is strip till and no-till is no-till because a lot of times people just kind of run those all together and say no-till when they're really might be doing strip till. So we really do try to, if we say no-till, it's no-tillage. I mean, you just plant it right into it. And that's the distinction I was trying to make with the NAS data from the census is that it says no-till but if you read the definition, it's no-till strip till. Well, I appreciate you all hanging around to the very end and I hope you all enjoy the course. So thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.


Welcome to another demo video of Red Hat OpenShift Container Platform. Today I'd like to talk to you about CouchPace and how easy it is to install a CouchPace cluster on OpenShift with a certified operator. For those of you not familiar with CouchPace, it is a full-featured multi-service NoSQL database. And today we're going to use their operator with an OpenShift to get up and running and get you up and running quickly. So with that, let's take a look at what we're going to review. First, the install of the CouchPace operator within OpenShift. And you'll see how quick and easy that is. Then we're going to set up a project, configure a secret, and then use those in the installation of the CouchPace cluster. Once we do that, we'll set up a route to expose the CouchPace UI. That way, your administers can log in and begin work immediately on CouchPace on top of OpenShift. All right, so with that, let's zip right into it. We'll go to our OpenShift container platform console here. We're going to take a look at our operator hub. But remember, the first thing we got to do is install the CouchPace operator. To do that is extremely simple. We'll take a look at CouchPace, search for that. We'll click on the operator. We'll click Install. Then you have a few options here. The only one of real note is the installation mode. We're going to install on all namespaces, so this can be used by anybody in any project within OpenShift. If you wanted to, you could limit it to one particular namespace to make sure it's not available to others. For now, for demo purposes, we're going with all and we're clicking Install. Then in many cases, this is the time when you pause the video and you start it back up so people aren't kind of waiting through that space. But I wanted to show how quick this is. Just a few more seconds and we'll have an operator up and running and there you go. We'll click View Operator. That's where we're going to end up. If you notice, there's CouchPace cluster here. Eventually, we'll get to that and install the actual cluster for CouchPace. First, I want to show you where we went. We were an operator hub. This is where we installed it. Right underneath that, under Operators here, is Installed Operators. Now we have CouchPace operator installed. We can click on that and that takes us to the interface with all the different things you can do with this operator, including the installation of that cluster, but we'll get there in just a second. Before we can do that, we're going to go up here and create our project. So we'll go up to the right-hand side, click on Create Project. CouchPace example is what we're going to call it. We'll give it a displace name and you can notice I've done this a few times. Just going to paste this. All right. And then we'll hit Create. Simple as that. Now we have a project called CB-Example. We're going to utilize in the rest of this demo. Then one more step before we can create the cluster itself is we're going to create a secret. And there's different methods that you could use to create secrets. And you'll notice it will show you in just a minute here. But today we're going to use from YAML. As you get more experience and you set this up in a production environment, you're going to want to use different methods. This is a simple one for us to demo. We're going to do that. I'm going to cut and paste this and then show you the key component that you really want to be looking at, which is setting up our secrets that we'll use later when we log into the UI. For couch base. So you'll see here, the data is the main portion of this username and password. We're going to have administrator and password set up there. We'll create that secret by hitting Create. All right, so we've added that secret. Remember that because we'll use that in the installation of the couch base cluster itself. All right, so with that, we're going to go back to our installed operators. We're going to click on couch base operator. And now we're going to click on couch base cluster, right? And of course, logic says create a base cluster. And here we go. There is two different ways of doing this. You can do it from a YAML view, right? Or you can do it from form. Today, we're going to do it from form to watch and kind of through the steps in the different sections. It's a little bit more visible here in the form. And the first thing we're going to do though is verify something. We're not even going to change anything. Under security, remember that secret we created? There it is. So now we know that we don't change it, right? That's what we wanted to use. You could use others if you have multiple secrets and modify the one you want to use there. All right, this image though, we are going to change this container image because we want to use the latest and greatest. So I'm simply going to cut and paste this. Please note by the time you watch this video, this may not be the latest and greatest. So watch for that. Make sure you use one. That's appropriate for your needs. The next thing we're doing is under servers. And we're going to do two things here. First is the demo environment that I have has two worker nodes. So I'm going to reduce this from three to two. If your environment has more or less, make sure you change that so it matches, be at four or five, et cetera. So we'll do that. The other thing is right underneath there under servers, there is services. We're simply going to get rid of three services that we're not using. There's no point in using excessive resources or something we don't need. So we're going to remove search, eventing and analytics. Simple to do that. Right, we'll keep scrolling down to backup. Here there's going to be another image that we need to remove, or I should say replace. The same thing here, I'm going to cut and paste. And we're almost done. Underneath here is monitoring from Atheus. And remember, bring this now comes included in OpenShift. We're going to do the same thing here. But for that image, we want to make sure we have the latest and greatest. So we'll get rid of that. Go over here and pick up the new image. We have that. We're going to verify that we've got everything configured we need. Yeah, all looks good. So we'll come to the bottom. We'll click create. This is a little misleading because it pops right to the screen, and makes you think, hey, my couch base cluster is up and running. It's not. We'll take a look at that real quick. So if we drill into this and go to events, well, first of all, you'll see here a warning. We'll go to events so you can watch this in real time. Again, not pausing the video here, letting it run and boom, there you go. Our couch base cluster is running, but even then, when we return to details, we're going to see there's no members yet. So none of the worker nodes are fully up and running yet. Again, not pausing the video, letting you watch this. What we're going to see is the first worker node come up and then we'll see the second one. So, and as we do that, and there's the first one, and as we wait for the second one, you can see this information here, like current version and other stuff that you configured during that, and we'll scroll down as soon as we get that second node up and running, so you can see some more information there. And then we still have one more step. Don't forget that we still can't get to that service until we expose it with a route, but we'll do that in just a second here. So again, that's one worker node and there's the second one just came up. With that, I'll scroll down just to get a feeling for some of the things. Some of these you'll recognize like the admin secret. We configured that. That is here, a lot of the other configurations that you set up can all be reflected here so you can see what you have. All right, with that, we've gotten to our final step. We're going to take a look at networking and routes. You know, because remember right now, we have this up and running, but it's really only with an open shift. You're going to want to expose that to your network so that your, you know, couch-based administrators can get to their NelSQL database. We're going to create a route. We're going to call this, let's just call it my route. We're going to select the service. Remember, it's the UI we're trying to expose so that's the service. And target part, we'll use 8091 TCP and that's it. We'll click create and immediately this pops up. Take a look at our location. There is a URL there. We simply click on that. That'll open up the UI for couch-based and look at that. We've got a username and password. This should begin to look familiar as far as our secret. So I'm going to show up for case A and then password. Click on that and there we go. We're logged into our dashboard. We're ready to work. Or I should say your administrators were ready to get going on the work that they need to do with couch-based within OpenShift. So a quick recap. We installed the operator. We created a project. We created a secret. We use that in the creation of the couch-based cluster. And then we created a route to expose the UI, logged in and we're ready to go. Your administrators are ready to go and start their work on their database. Thank you for watching this demo video. We'll create others in the future. See you then.


You can copy that and, um... Hey there, Mr. Ruschoff. Alright, so in our last lesson I introduced to you what geography is, and I explained the five themes of geography. In this lesson I'm going to go over what is probably the most important tool that geographers use is maps. Now a map is a two dimensional graphical representation of the Earth, and the first map stayed all the way back 25,000 years ago when someone took a mammoth tusk and started to carve in their surroundings on it. Since that time mankind has not only continued to expand their knowledge of the world around them, but how they are able to portray that round world onto a flat map. After all, a globe is round like the Earth. This means it can depict a true proportional representation of the world without any distortion. However, it's not so easy to carry a globe around to navigate or be able to use it to be able to portray information. This is where maps come in, as maps are much easier to use for practical applications. However, if you ever tried to wrap a soccer ball before, you can understand the difficulty of being able to take a round ball and being able to lay it out on a flat surface. The only way this really can be done is through what is called projection, and there's many different types of projection. However, one thing they all have in common is they all make a sacrifice in either the accuracy of the size of landforms or that of distances and direction. Now, some of these projections will take an Earth's surface and cut holes into it. Now, this allows the Earth's round surface to be laid flat, but while the Earth's landforms are displayed accurately, now there's large holes where the ocean is supposed to be. Or, they can be laid out so that it's really not clear which way is north, south, east, or west. This really doesn't help you much if you're a sailor trying to sail across an ocean. The cartographers, these are people who make maps, have worked to be able to stretch the landforms so they can be able to maintain the accurate distances and directions of the oceans. Now, usually projections such as Mercator will make the landforms near the poles appear much larger than they really are. Take Greenland, for example. It seems like it's huge, however, if we took Greenland and actually brought it down to the same latitude as the United States, we'd find it's only about a third of the size of the continental United States. So when you're looking at a map, you always need to keep in mind it's distorted in some way. Now, there are some other things you want to look for in any map you're using. Now while the order of what to look for really doesn't matter, I would always recommend to look at the title first. It's going to give you an idea of what the map's about. Now also on the map, you should always look for a compass rose and maybe look for grid lines or latitude and latitude. These will be able to tell you which direction on the map is supposed to be north. And if you don't have a compass rose, you could pretty much assume that the top of the map is north on most modern maps. Now lines of latitude and longitude will also give you that orientation of the map. Remember lines of longitude always run north and south, but lines of latitude and longitude will also give you an idea of where on the earth the map is supposed to be showing. Then there's something called scale. And the scale of the map tells you the relationship between the distance on a map and the distance on the earth. And it's usually discussed in terms of being a ratio of one to some large number. A one to 50,000 scale map means that for every inch on the map is worth 50,000 inches on the earth. That's about three quarters of a mile. We can compare that to a one to 250,000 scale map, which means that the same inch on the map is now worth five times as long on the earth, which is just less than four miles. But what this really means is that a one to 50,000 map is able to show you much more details.  For this reason, a one to 5,000 scale map, which is often used for a city maps, is considered a larger scale than say a one to 500,000 scale map that is usually used to like portray a state. Think of a larger scale map as being zoomed in. Now, once we understand scale and orientation of our maps, now we start looking at the colors and the symbols of our map. To make sense of these, look for a legend or a key that will tell you what these colors and symbols mean. And we're going to talk about how maps use colors and symbols in a few moments here. The next thing to look for is probably you can be a label. So it's going to be names of countries and states and mountains, rivers and oceans and many, many, many other things. Now, maps can be used for many different purposes. I'll go over four, which are your navigational charts, topographic maps, general reference maps and thematic maps. Now, if you're an airline pilot or a ship captain, you'll be undoubtedly using what is called navigation charts. These are specially designed maps that provides things such as depths of channels, location and navigational, beacons, where there is restricted airspace, all those things that a pilot or a sailor needs to be able to move safely from point A to point B. Topographic maps are something that hikers use a lot. Now, when you look at a topographic map, you're going to find what is called contour lines. And these contour lines represent an elevation interval. This means that for each line might represent, say, a change of 10 feet of elevation. So if you see on a topographic map, we have lots of contour lines very closely together, then it means that the hill is going to be much steeper. However, if those contour lines are spread apart, you know that the terrain's going to be much flatter. You can understand why hikers would use a topographic map as they're trying to be able to determine what route they're going to have on their hike. But geographers really don't use navigational maps or even topographic maps much. What they really use is something called general reference maps and thematic maps. General reference maps are used to give an overview of an area. We can break these into two types, political and physical maps. Political maps are going to show political boundaries such as for countries and states. Physical maps, however, are going to give you an idea of the physical characteristics of the land such as elevation of vegetation. But the maps that are perhaps most used by geographers are thematic maps. Thematic maps are the result of what is known as geographic information systems or GIS. Now, these are computer programs that are layered different categories of information upon a map so people would be able to analyze and make sense of the trends they see on the map. Now, beyond computer technology, remote sensing platforms such as a whole host, especially designed satellites, provide lots of information that is further layered upon and map and analyze. Now, thematic maps are the result of GIS and these are used to display the information about a political topic or a theme which is why we call these thematic maps. Now, using a variety of colors and symbols, there really isn't anything that can't be shown spatially using a thematic map. Now, there are several different types of thematic maps. The first one we'll talk about is dot density maps like this one. A dot density map uses dots to be able to represent an event situation or phenomenon. Simple maps, but they're very effective in quickly showing the distribution of these different characteristics on the earth. Take this map, for example, of the deaths of people being struck by lightning. While the dots do not actually provide the exact location of each death, they easily represent in general terms the frequency where people are more likely to be struck and killed by lightning in the United States. Now, sometimes the symbols in a map will be different sizes. Take, for example, this map that shows the important choke points of the transport and trade of oil. Now, if I ask which straight has the most amount of oil pass through it, it's easy to tell it's a straight of Hormuz because it's represented by the biggest circle. And you can also tell that the second most important straight is the straight of Malacca because it has the second largest circle. This is called a proportional symbol map. Now, proportional symbol maps will use the size of the symbols to be relative to the value of the characteristic they're trying to show. Now, this map is also combined with what is known as a flow map, which shows the movement of people, goods, and ideas through the use of arrows. But even the arrows in the flow map portion is using a proportional symbols to show the amount of oil that goes from one point to another by the thickness of these arrows' lines. Now, beyond dots and lines, there is the use of color-inphematic maps to be able to provide information. Let's look at the dots-in-city map again, and we can see that it uses colors to be able to show the number of men and women that die by lightning. But in addition to changing the color of the symbols, we could add color to the areas themselves. For example, this map shows the languages that are spoken in Europe. And very quickly, you can see where people in Europe speak English, German, French, and the other European languages. This type of map is known as a chorochromatic map. Choral means location, and chromatic comes from the Greek word chroma, which means color. A chorochromatic map uses color to show categories or descriptors of a region. So in this case, each color represents the language that is most spoken in the region. Now, chorochromatic maps can show a whole host of different categories such as religions, languages, government types, and much, much more. But we can use colors to not only represent categories, but we can use them to represent numerical values in what is known as choropleth and isopleth maps. This is a choropleth map that shows the population density of the United States. The different shades of blue makes it easy to see which states have the highest and the lowest population densities. Now, the word choropleth, once again comes with the Greek word choral, which means location, but the word pleth actually means multitude. So a choropleth displays the multitude or the value of a characteristic in an already defined former region by color. So this map shows the population density of the entire state, but a choropleth map using a larger political boundary such as states may not give the level of detail that a geographer really needs. For example, this map here shows that all of Texas has the same population density, which we know is not the true. So a geographer might use a map that uses smaller areas such as this map that shows the population densities by county. This gives you a much, much more detail on what you're trying to look at, but then there are the isopleths. Now, the idea of a isopleth map is really the same as a choropleth map. It's going to use color to be able to represent the numerical value of a particular characteristic spatially. But unlike a choropleth map, it does not use preexisting formal regions to be able to display its results. Rather, it connects areas that have similar values through colors. The word iso actually means line. So it starts with the drawing of lines that all have the same value. Remember our topographic map that uses contour lines to show elevation? This is similar to an isopleth map as it connects the same elevation by a line. But isopleth maps will use color in between these lines to show a value such as the percentage of where you're going to find severe storms in the United States. Now, we generally tend to see isopleth maps used to show physical characteristics such as elevation, temperature, precipitation, and vegetation. However, isopleth maps are also used to provide insights on human characteristics as well. For example, this is a map of Houston, Texas that shows you where you have the most amount of crime. These are also known as heat maps. So let's review our thematic maps real quick. First, there is dot density maps that use dots to be able to represent the frequency of characteristics in the area. Proportional symbol maps uses the different sizes of the symbols to be able to relate the relative value of our particular characteristic in a region. A flow map shows the movement of people, objects, and ideas through arrows. And these arrows also can be proportional symbols as we saw earlier. Then there are our three maps using color. These are our chorochromatic maps that show a particular characteristic depicted by color. If a value such as a percentage or a number scale is displayed, you can use a choropleth map which displays the value using color in a already existing formal region, such as country, states, and so on. And isopleth does the same thing as a choropleth map, but it does not use pre-existing formal regions. Instead, an isopleth map connects areas with similar values as the same color. So if you thought that maps were just what you used to be able to find us where somewhere is, hopefully I'd be able to show you many of the other different ways that maps can be used. By using geographic information systems or GIS, geographers, and other analysts can display pretty much everything there is about the world. All right, until next lesson, keep on learning.


The British Ministry of Defence released information about the attack on the position of the Houthis in Yemen. The ministry noted that four RAF Typhoon FGR4 fighters with the support of the Voyager Refueling plane hit two Houthi military facilities with Paveway 4 guided bombs, they flew south, joined up with their US colleagues, and prosecuted two targets in Houth-controlled Yemen, both of which had been used for the launching of drone and missile attacks, UK junior armed forces minister, James Hepey said, there are no more UK convoys immediately planned, he said point one of the facilities is located in Bani, northwestern Yemen. This facility was used to launch reconnaissance and strike drones. Another facility was at the EBS airfield.US and coalition forces struck over 60 targets at 16 Iranian-backed Houthi militant locations, US Air Force's central commander Lieutenant General Alex Grinkwich said. The Houthi assets included command and control nodes, munitions, depots, launching systems, production facilities, and air defense radar systems, he added.


Putin cancels Africa's debts worth over 20 billion U.S. dollars. Russia's influence in Africa has grown significantly in recent decades. Many African countries have signed bilateral trade agreements with Russia, and cooperation ties in the fields of diplomacy and military have grown. Economic cooperation between Russia and the continent has led to many countries being indebted to Russia. Russia has emerged as a key ally for many African countries, and Putin has made significant strides in strengthening ties between the two regions. Putin reiterated Russia's commitment to prioritizing cooperation with African nations at the Russia-Africa in the Multi-Polar World Conference. The cancellation of African debts is just one of the bold steps Russia has taken over the years to build a more productive and mutually beneficial relationship with the continent. Hello and welcome to our channel. I'm James, and you're watching Africa Reloaded. Continue watching to learn why, despite international sanctions against Russia and the global economic situation, Russia has decided to cancel a $20 billion loan to Africa. Vladimir Putin, the president of Russia, has canceled more than $20 billion in debt due by African nations. Throughout the Soviet era, this debt grew. These debts, which were mostly the product of Moscow's earlier relationships with African nations that supported its communist ideology, were ones that Russia had previously tried to collect. Russia supported a number of nations at this time, including Angola, Algeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Namibia, Mozambique, Morocco, and South Africa. As a result, many African countries discovered that they were deeply in debt to Russia, with official records placing the entire debt at $20 billion. During the conference, Putin also disclosed that trade between Russia and African countries is booming, with the volume of trade expected to reach a startling $18 billion in 2022 and continue to rise. Additionally, Putin stated his conviction that the development of reciprocal economic exchanges will be facilitated by a more solid switch to national currencies and financial settlements, as well as the construction of new transportation and logistics networks. By taking these steps, Russia and the African countries will probably be able to develop economies that are stronger and more self-sufficient, opening the door to a more prosperous future. The process of creating the African Continental Free Trade Area, which started in 2021, and will become a traditional market with a total GDP of more than $3 trillion, has opened up more chances, he noted. Putin stated during the meeting that Moscow supports bilateral and Eurasian Economic Union-mediated connections with the African Continental Free Trade Area. He added that Africa is positioned to take the lead in the multipolar globe. In his words, we are convinced that Africa will become one of the leaders in the emerging new multipolar world order. The states of Africa are constantly increasing their weight and their role in international affairs. They are asserting themselves more and more confidently in politics and in the economy. We recognize that this is far from the limit, but it is unlikely that such a figure can totally please us, he continued. Putin said that he thought a more vigorous transfer in financial settlements to national currencies and the formation of new transport and logistics chains will help the development of counter commodity exchanges.  His steadfast dedication to the continent stems from his conviction that the continent's economy has enormous untapped potential. He is committed to doing everything it takes to ensure that both Russia and Africa have a bright and prosperous future. What do you think about Russia wiping all the debts owed by Africa? What steps do you anticipate the United States taking to reclaim Africa from Russia? Please share your thoughts in the comment section. Please like, share, and subscribe to our channel if you liked this video. To receive notifications of our new videos, don't forget to switch on the notification icon.


And Marcella, what are you looking forward to? So as you mentioned, Dorothy, you know, our faculty are so committed to our students and so are our staff, of course. And so the staff alongside all of the different partners who do programming on campus have really been putting together an incredible calendar for this spring semester. So a few things that I just wanna highlight, of course, we will be having our boom day and it will probably be extended beyond just a day. We will have MLK week again, and we will have Be Well events that will continue as we try to give students as many opportunities as we can to think about wellness and wellbeing. But most importantly, of course, just looking forward to the students and all the ideas and energy that they bring to campus because that's what's gonna make it so exciting, both remote and in person. That's right, Marcella. Our campus has been, well, a little quiet. And so we're really looking forward to welcoming students back on campus this spring. And so I just wanna offer everyone a warm welcome to the spring 2021 semester.


yesterday I was talking to a friend of mine who was a teacher and I was very happy to hear how he's pushing for technology in the classroom and his school will be going into a bring your own device in the near future and he was talking to me about some ideas he had that he thought maybe I could help with and that was a pretty good idea what he had what he thought you know he wants to basically issue each of his students a little card maybe like an ID card with a QR code on it that has their information in this case what I wrote here is basically it's just their name it's a QR code that has their name and when he comes around to collect homework or tests basically the kid would lay their their homework out drop their ID on top of the paper and he can take a picture with his tablet or cell phone and upload it to a server and then it would read the QR code and organize the paperwork according to the QR code I thought was pretty good idea and in my mind I started working through it and you know uploading files to a server very simple we have I've done tutorials in the past on QR code generators and also what we're using in this tutorial or this video is Z bar tools in this particular case Z bar image that will read the QR code and then just organize it so really easy but at the same time if I was just to make it from scratch it probably be pretty ugly so I quickly went to GitHub and checked I just did you know you know JavaScript PHP file upload and this is one of the first ones that came up was this one we're looking at here which very nicely look it uses Twitter bootstrap which most of you if you've done any web development are familiar with it's very commonly used also free and open source made by the people over at Twitter and it's like I said commonly used if you surf the internet you are utilizing it many times every day also jQuery which is also probably even more commonly used than bootstrap and great great tool that I've done tutorials on and I love so that's all part of this jQuery file upload and this is the demo I download the files really it's it's you can consider it overkill for what we're doing because it's got multiple different interfaces it already has the code for the server side it has PHP code Python code and and well right here PHP Python Ruby on Rails Java Node.js so it already has all that set up PHP is the default which is great because that's what I like to use so basically I got that and then once the files are uploaded wants make it look nice and be able to search through the files so if you watched my video from a few tutorials back a week or so ago I did a video on h5a which gives you a nice little file browser for your server in your web browser so obviously doing all this I mean if I just wanted to write a basic bash script could have done it in a couple of lines wanted to make it a nice interface make it easy to use on both desktops and mobile devices and luckily I didn't have to design anything because thanks to the open source community there was already free and open source code out there for me to use that I had to just modify slightly so basically I took his demo code downloaded it from his website and even though I said this seems like overkill the file is still or at least zipped up a little over a hundred kilobytes so even though it's overkill it has a lot of features we're not going to use their features you could implement later on and it still is minimal so all you need is a web a web server and that runs PHP so Apache with PHP anyone could take this and that has any basic knowledge of computing and basically set it up in half an hour tops I would say if you're not that experienced with it shouldn't take much longer because basically in this case I've already packaged it up into a package file and once you have Apache and PHP installed you download uncompressed the file to a folder on your server and you should be ready to go in theory but let's look at what I've modified so this is their demo and like I said it has different interfaces and I just went with their basic plus UI and I removed I just went in and deleted all the code I don't need all the all the the toolbar up here the demo notes down here the toolbar there and I just let the basics okay so I've already taken I drew up some papers put QR codes on them took some pictures with them with a camera put them on my computer so let's go ahead well first off let me click on I added this button here view docs which will bring you to the folder using the five H5 AI and you can see this folder is empty there's nothing in there now so I'll go back a page I'll click add files here I'm in a folder called student work where I have was it five or six six different papers that I've taken pictures of that have QR codes on them and I'll click open it immediately gives you thumbnails here and I can upload them one at a time I'm just gonna click start upload and these images I have are about two megabytes each it'll take a second here for them to get going but if you're taking a picture with your cell phone camera I'm pretty sure and we'll do that here in this demonstration momentarily it isn't gonna be that big so give it a second here I do know that this takes a second there we go to them they're all uploaded gives you all thumbnail shots you do have a delete button here but in reality most of these files don't exist anymore because these screenshots these little thumbnails are from basically their PHP code from this project the jQuery file upload demo project puts all the files in one folder well then what I just I just added one line of code into the PHP code that runs a bash script of mine which I'll show you here in a moment that basically reads through if it finds a QR code then it organizes it so actually if I flip over here this is the bash code I wrote very very simple looks like maybe 10 lines of code 13 if you count the blank lines so yeah pretty much 10 lines of code basically what it does is it moves into the files folder which is the temporary folder right now and it searches all the files in there then it uses Z bar code or Z bar image again which I've done tutorials on in the past and checks the image for a bar code if it is successful if it finds a bar code it is going to rescan that image and put the text from the bar code from the QR code into a variable called name then it'll make a directory if it doesn't already exist inside our permanent files directory based on that name and then it will move the image there so a lot of these images don't exist if I refresh the page you'll see there'll be one left and the reason for that is that the image just it was kind of blurry it couldn't read the bar code it's going to happen occasionally so I purposely did that one in there so you can see I have made no way for you to manually move it other than logging into the server yourself which if you have access to the server should be easy you can delete it at this point if you'd like but all the other the five other images if we click on view docs brings this folder that used to be empty and now has folders based on those children's names that we got from the QR code so I can click on Sally here and we have Sally's images and I click here and there's her paperwork and remember it renamed this folder based on that QR code and there's the same one this is her homework I can close that and go up and go into Tom's file and I can do the same thing up there's is my story we added stuff to a story or even more stuff to a story okay so very easy and again if you watch my tutorial on this h5 ai code which is again free open source available for you to use and makes life very easy if you had a long list of children's names here you can use this filter and I can start typing Sally and you can see it filtered down Sally again there's only two names in here it's not a big deal but you can type the first name last name whatever and it will search through and narrow down the files for you again you can also change the size of the images you can go a grid view and icon view all these different views here for you so that's the that's that's how the code works again you can come in here there's no way that's I've set up for you to delete the files through the web interface but you could sit down on a computer and log into the server and delete it now let's have a look at that same program the same interfaces with a mobile device and the camera on your mobile device okay I've got my Android phone here I've got one of the paperwork someone's test paper here with the QR code up in the corner I printed the QR codes on the paper but it'd be the same as throwing down a ID badge with the QR code in it I'm gonna put the paper down here on my seat and now as you can see the interface looks pretty much the same on here as it does on the screen just everything's more compact and when I click the add files button it gives me options here I have options for my camera sound recorder voice recorder select music check obviously those don't apply to this program but we have camera gallery Google Drive photos and file manager so if you already have the files stored on your phone or some place at your Google Drive you can upload them from there and have the script automatically organize them I'm just gonna choose camera which brings up my default camera app I'm going to point down paper make sure it focuses and I will take a snapshot at least with this camera application and ask if I'm done or if I want to retake it if it's blurry you can say retake and just point and shoot again and then when you're done you can click done and you'll see it just like on the computer it automatically adds a little thumbnail there and it waits for you to click either the start upload button up there which uploads all the images you have so you can take a picture a bunch and then upload them all at once or it might as well just click the blue button next to that particular image and it will upload it to the server once it's done uploading which my camera seems to take pictures about 875 kilobytes so a little less than half the size of the ones I had with the other camera and at this point I can click view docs and just like on the computer I have a nice little file manager interface here that I can click on and go to also taking pictures with your phone automatically names them at least with my phone with a date stamp so when you're uploading from whatever device on the server the file is going to be called the same as it was on your device so in this particular case they will all be time stamped so as you can see this interface works great on a full desktop screen a large screen or even a small screen like a cell phone device now I also want to point out that all together looking for the code I wanted to use and getting it all set up took maybe an hour to an hour and a half from beginning to end to do all this it was very simple to do thanks to the free and open source software community to do with this on my own would have taken a lot longer but thanks to the people over at jQuery Twitter bootstrap and the developers who worked on the HT I'm sorry H5 AI and the jQuery file uploader made my life a lot easier and that's one of the main reasons that we live in a free and open source community and try to avoid proprietary software that doesn't really help us at all now some thoughts I want to bring up about things that other things that could be done with this software other thoughts I have one is maybe putting two QR codes so the student could have an ID with a QR code on it that is their name but then when the teacher prints out like tests or assignments that they're going to write on at the bottom they can print a QR code that has the name of that assignment and then you can rewrite this code adding basically one or two lines of code to find students name and if there's a second QR code to take that and name the file based on that so that all your files are named based on the project and then with the H5 AI you can use that filter button to search through a student's folder for a particular file other thoughts I've had is obviously this is a great idea that my friend had for particular instances but if you're going to be going to a bring your own device to the school I would personally recommend as much as possible have all the work assignments be on that device understanding that he is an elementary school teacher so they probably want the students doing a lot of writing to work on their handwriting I know my handwriting is horrible I probably should have done some more writing when I was younger but I would recommend whenever possible you know tests and assignments questionnaires that you give to the students all be done on the tablet so you don't have to take a picture because it is going to take time to go around take a picture upload take a picture upload or even take a picture take a picture take a picture and upload all at once so I would recommend that I understand all depends on the particular project and doing that is is really relatively simple people with no computer skills at all could easily create a test or a set of questions in Google Docs make a form and when students submit it goes right into a spreadsheet for the teacher to look at but if you have any computer skills I recommend making your own forms making HTML forms is relatively simple there are free and open source projects out there that do quiz style applications and this will just avoid having paper and having to take pictures because the student just does it on their tablet or phone or whatever device and submits it and a teacher gets it and the teacher doesn't have to walk around and collect it so that's something to think about again I think it's great they're doing this bring your own device I don't like when schools assign children devices because now you're forcing them to use a certain platform and as you know I hate Apple products I think it's wrong one of the reasons I'm homeschooling my kid is because I don't want them exposed to teachers who will force them to use certain software whether it be Microsoft or Apple or any type of proprietary software because we don't use that in my house I want to teach that to my kid and so I plan on homeschooling for multiple reasons that's one because I would have lots of fights with teachers who would try to force proprietary software on my child which I think is just wrong on many levels but to bring your own device is a great thing because children has a chance to choose they can choose an iPhone or iPad if they really want they can choose an Android device a Firefox OS or Tenzin or one of many other operating systems out there even a tablet that runs something like Debian it's up to the child to make that decision or the parents of the child and nowadays I mean I was at best by a few months ago and they had a little tablets for $50 and larger tablets for $75 my tablet is a $70 tablet before shipping yes it's not the best for gaming and stuff but to fill out basic forms for school and complete assignments that way is great as long as the teachers are assigning software that is compatible with all platforms which they should be I would hate to see schools say you have to download this proprietary program and install it on your device to pass the class because that's just wrong again on many levels and so I hope that teachers educate themselves on free and open-source software and it just make the world a better place but make life a lot easier on all of us so I thank you all for watching if I remember sometimes I forget I will put a link in the description to a compressed file with all this and and again I threw this together real quick working great on my system and it should be easy to install I'm not saying there aren't going to be bugs but I tested you know different scenarios file names with spaces and special characters and so far I think I've wrote my portion of the script to work properly so feel free to use it but again that's your own risk and I appreciate comments and feedback and I as always I hope you visit my site filmsbychris.com that's Chris with the K there should be a link in the description and I hope that you have a great day other videos to watch be sure to click on them enjoy them some of them are stuff that we built on today and they are more tutorials where this was more just a demonstration also another thought that I didn't mention in my final part there about other capabilities you could add to this would be obviously not only organizing folders you can also send out email notifications or even send the actual file in an email depending on the student's name to certain email addresses I mean again the possibilities are endless when you're in control of the source code and you can manipulate it and do whatever you want there are no limitations that you would normally have with proprietary software you can do whatever you want so just thought I'd mention that whatever you can think of can be done just have to figure out how sure to watch some of the videos below thank you for watching and again I hope that you have a great day


Rule number one of my eight rules to eight percent as I came up with whole new content for this tour is focus on revenue. Most insurance agents wake up we get in the office it's 9 a.m. I'm gonna get some coffee I'm gonna go talk to Susie by the printer I'm gonna go hang out with Joe in his office I'm gonna go to two hour lunch I'm gonna need to make calls but uh I you know what I don't know I need to get all the details there I need a script what do I say well what if they give me an objection I'll make calls tomorrow and before you know it the whole day is gone successful people wake up and they make sales every single day it's not an option it's a decision in our office we have a sales team and I tell them hey you show up you spend eight nine ten hours with me and you go home and you don't make a sale today that's a problem you show up and you don't focus on revenue creating sales and helping people and you go home and you sold nothing why did we show up to begin with who believes in what you sell who believes that if you sell it you help someone who believes that when you sell it you leave them in a better situation than when you found them or I hope you wouldn't sell it I believe that you should believe that if you were to believe in what I believe that you would start doing a lot more of this because I believe if you show up and you're sitting in front of a prospect and you can help them you can put them in a better situation you have the product or service that they need and you do not close the deal you do not sell them you are doing them a disservice who actually fully believes that then why don't we start thinking that when we walk in why don't we start thinking that in every house on every call because our family got a little bit of a rude awakening on December 26 2020 day after Christmas my mom's best friend's husband who we've known for several decades not too many decades I'm only 30 but you know several decades okay and my mom called me the evening of December 26 2020 just a few weeks ago and she said Cody Jeff just passed away in his driveway and was electrocuted by a light pole while he was painting it because my mom's best friend and her husband's the one that passed away you know one of the first thing that came to mind for me what do you think it was what do you think my first thought was well I wish my first thought would have been I hope he has life insurance it was but really the question I asked myself is why didn't you get in front of them to make sure because what most people don't know is he was on my warm market list a decade ago I didn't get in front of them I don't blame them I blame me I could have put in the effort I could have followed up I could have been better on the phone I could have went 12 touches I could have drove to the house I could have done whatever it take to get in front of them but I didn't that's a problem how would you have felt in that moment are there friends and family if that were to happen tomorrow how would you feel I can tell you I should have been better I should have been better and I can also fortunately say that he had plenty of life insurance supposedly which I don't think you can ever have enough an accident policy and the family's well taken care of however I know that if I get in that home he probably ends up with more everything shifts when you start to focus on helping everyone you can and when you can help them you should or you're doing them a disservice who's going to commit now to focus on revenue to push the bottom line to increase your income and to change your financial future forever in 2021 thank you rule number two focus on your potential my wife and I just bought a three-quarters a million dollar home in Springfield Missouri which you know in big old Missouri it's it's pretty nice and I looked at her on day two and I said babe it's still too small I said I you deserve a better life I deserve a better life I need to show up more who else wakes up a little bit disappointed dissatisfied driven knowing that you got a lot more in the tank knowing you can go a lot farther than what you've gone in those moments I'm typically focused on the now and where I currently sit versus my actual real true potential I want to challenge you today to start to focus on your true potential because the moment I think I've arrived I'm going to get arrogant I'm going to have an ego and I can promise you none of us will ever actually arrive we will never actually reach our full true potential but by being focused on chasing it instead of where you currently sit you will force yourself to level up you will force yourself to get better you will force your life to get a lot better most people think they've made it most people think they can't get a whole lot better most people think maybe they can't work a whole lot harder maybe they think their income can't go up that much I'm here to tell you if you start focusing on your true potential you're not even close and I'm not either everything will shift the moment that you start focusing on what your actual true potential is far too many people focus on where they currently sit instead of where they can go where they can end up how good life can get but you have to focus on your potential instead of where you currently are say yes if that makes sense say yes if you're with me say yes if you're going to do this in 2021 good here's what I know the more energy you guys give me today the better I perform okay okay that's how that's how this thing works all right and I'm guessing that the better I perform the more motivated you leave the more nuggets you get and the more money you make in 2021 am I right good thank you for being engaged who's going to apply to rule number two in 2021 excellent to conquer the industry you have to put in a lot of work you have to do a lot of things that you don't want to do that's what I love about the insurance industry it's the hardest career on planet earth but for those that like to win and for those that choose to never quit it gets really really good who's been the industry a while where you can raise your hand and say you know what as long as the new agents in the room don't quit life gets really good in the insurance industry I'm telling you look around at the amount of hands that just raised in our room which tells you that as long as you don't quit as long as you stay the course as long as you do whatever it takes life is going to get really good and if you think about it like we wake up we show up we get in the industry and we're like life please get really good for me pretty please and you just saw that as long as you don't quit life is going to get freaking amazing who would love for their life to get a lot more amazing than it is today in 2021 who would like for you to look back in one year and say man 2021 was the best year of my life who would like to look back in a decade and say you know what because of what I did in 2021 life got really good 2021 can be the best year of your life and it will be what you've got to decide for that to happen hey if you enjoyed this I got another one you're gonna love it's right there click on it see anyone watching this can become a millionaire in our industry most people don't know this four percent of all companies in the US do seven figures a year there's also another stat most people don't know also there are more of these


As I already hinted to you, this occurs in real proteins too. Let's start with mechanosensitive channels. So mechanosensitive channels, these are ion channels that David will likely talk a little bit more about later. They're usually surprisingly simple. These are typically just channels that are very large holes that open up to let water through in cells. And one of the reasons to let water through in cells is simply to adjust pressure. If there is too high pressure in a cell, we need to let out some water or the cell would rupture. On the other hand, the channels, these holes can't be open all the time because then the cells would be leaky. So what we'd have are channels that under normal circumstances, they sit embedded in this bilayer up here and they're closed. They are relatively thick actually, so they're not super happy in the membrane and the membrane is not super happy with them. Do you see here how the membrane has had to become slightly thicker around the channels to be able to host them? What then happens is that if I start to stretch the membrane, why would I stretch the membrane? Well, if the pressure increases in the cell, eventually this will lead to pressure building up on the membrane, right? That's going to lead to a tension in the membrane. As this tension builds up, some of these channels will now start to open. Do you see the channel on the right there opening up? So the channel itself will undergo a conformational transition, but this is really caused by when this membrane is stretched out, the lipids will have to become even thinner. Again, the volume of the lipids is roughly constant, so if I want the area to be larger when I'm adding tension, that means the thickness has to go down. Well, then the protein will have to adapt to that, otherwise it would eventually no longer be in the membrane. The way these proteins adapt to it is that when they become thinner, the actual channel opens up, as we've seen there on the light blue part. When that happens, short term, that's good. The pressure is actually relieved a bit, so that it might be sufficient for that channel to open up. Or maybe not. Maybe the pressure is starting to build up really rapidly in the cell. Now, if the pressure builds up even more rapidly, we're going to be down here, and then additional channels will open up. So now even the second channel has to open up. We didn't relieve the tension enough here. And now I have two channels where water will be able to flow out of the cell. Once that water has flown out of the cell, what happens? Well, the pressure in the cell is lower. The pressure is reduced. As the pressure is reduced inside the cell, the tension in the membrane is reduced, and then we start going back here. Maybe one channel will close. The pressure might become even lower because we're still having one channel open here, and eventually you're not going to go back here when the pressure is relieved and the channels are now closed again. This is mechanosensitive channels. You might want to have seen the abbreviation, at least it's usually called MSC, mechanosensitive channel. And then there's occasionally a small and a large one, which is called MSC, SN, MSCL. There are other proteins where this happens, not just channels, but say a protein that would like to induce curvature in the membrane. What if I insert a protein that has an almost conical shape? So here the conical shape of the, up on the upper right there, do you see what that does? That will induce a local change of the curvature in the membrane, which is of course, per se it's not good, but if we have lots of these proteins expressed, the proteins will definitely not be happy in water if they're hydrophobic. So this is going to be a balance. It's at least better for the cell to insert those proteins in the lipids. But when I do that, that will distort the lipid bilayer. If I have lots of proteins like that, I might actually start have a large global curvature of the entire bilayer. And that's what you see in some cells. For instance, certain bacteria and everything that you have a shape to the cellular bilayer by expressing specific proteins in certain parts of the cell. So we're back to this theme that lipids certainly decide what proteins will be stable in the bilayer or the membrane. But the proteins themselves, when they insert that, they in turn also influence the shape and the properties of the bilayer, either by opening it up mechanosensitive channels or by inducing curvature.