Good morning and welcome back to the interrupted session. I do understand that there are a lot of queries from various centers. Alright might as well go to answering queries. Yes, my question is when we write int main means that the main function returns integer value. So my question is where the value of main is returned? It is a very interesting question. So look at this particular thing. The question is that if we are writing int, so where does this return value go? This is returning an integer value. Actually I was hoping to answer this question when we date with functions because generically once we define functions and most functions return values unless the function is named as void. So just as the functions return values to the calling program similarly the main function returns the value to the calling program. In case of all other functions the calling program is usually our main program or some other function. But in case of main function itself the calling program is operating system. When our program starts execution it is the operating system which has invoked this main. So imagine that there is an operating system program at the top which has called this main. Consequently when main finishes its execution the return value is sent to the operating system. Of course we as programmers do not see that nor we see the consequences. But imagine a very large piece of software which comprises of let us say 20 different programs almost executing simultaneously doing different tasks. Usually there is a separate coordination program. But in case we wish to decipher as to what has happened for the execution of any one of these programs we can actually go to the operating system log and find out what are the values return. So when I say return minus 1 for example in the main program the value minus 1 is returned to the operating system which can be trapped through other mechanisms to generate appropriate error messages. Again as far as our students are concerned it is adequate to say that every function which is supposed to return a value whether integer, float or whatever type will return it to the calling function. Since in case of main program the calling function is the operating system itself which invokes the main the return value 0 is sent back to the operating system. Let us go over to any other question somebody else may have. When we return the value 0 when we return any value from the main function to the operating system text at answer. So what is the result when we return the value 1 various values that are returned apart from the 0 means what does the operating system receives to that for 0 for 1 and for other values. Okay the question is an extension of the question that was asked earlier the answer is very simple ordinarily the operating system will not do anything on its own. So you can say that logically the value that you return back simply disappears in the operating system. However we can instrument some commands within the operating system to take cognizance of these values typically a negative value means that the program aborted abnormally. In general positive values other than 0 are not used unless they are specifically required because if a program terminates successfully the value 0 conveys that to the operating system. If the program does not terminate successfully then if you want to trap the reason why the error has occurred at different points in your program you may use return minus 1 or return minus 2 or return minus 3 these actual numbers are available within the operating system which then can be used to decipher why program terminated but this deciphering is not done by the users of the program but this is typically done by the debugging experts who wish to find out why the program terminated wrongly. To conclude the return mechanism works exactly similarly as it does whenever a function is called from either any other function or from the main program the main function itself returns values to operating system usually they are all lost because irrespective of whether the program terminates correctly or incorrectly you will see a dollar prompt on your command if the program has terminated incorrectly the operating system may generate an arbitrary message such as memory dump or abnormal end or some such thing that will happen whenever a nonzero value is returned and when an exception has been located which is reported to the operating system. Suffice it to say that we would expect well written programs to always return zero to the operating system if there is some other condition that takes place abnormally within a program it should be the responsibility of the programmer to check for that condition and provide appropriate error messages within the program itself rather than depending upon any action by the operating system okay I hope that satisfies the answer let's go to the next center. In the context that you executed this program on a particular machine and on a particular implementation of C programming language the answer that you got is correct that number is probably 2 to the power 31 minus 1 but please understand that the largest number is often implementation dependent and implementation defined and therefore it could be different for different machines. However as long as your students understand that there is a limit and that limit is not a very large limit that the number of digits representable both in integer and for the mantissa in your floating point number are limited and that you have to take care of them I think the message has been conveyed. The exact value is hardly relevant in any computational problem that there is a limit which must not be crossed is what is important yes bhandera please go ahead. Try it out I have a program which will calculate factorial which I will just show and you can try at what point in time the factorial gives up. In fact there will be an assignment which will ask you to calculate the factorial of a large number where the factorial value could be 900 digit long. That was a question that I had asked in the final examination of my first year course. So we will put that as an assignment which you can try. Can we go over to I think Sona College had a query No Sona College is saying connect us. Nirma and ASC Amritapuri. Let us go to Nirma. He has a query in slide number 14. Good morning sir. In slide number 14 the integral representation that a range is given 2 raised to 31 minus 1 to minus 2 raised to 31 minus 1. So whether it is a signed representation or the 2 components and then from my point of view the negative range which is minus 2 raised to 31 only. Yes thank you for pointing this out. Let me put this slide back again here, this paper back again here. A subtle but important point is being made. If you recall I had shown this example where I had shown a 8 bit number and stated that if first bit is used for sign then the range will be 2 to the power 7 minus 1 to minus 2 to the power 7 minus 1. Obviously I am talking about a signed representation where first bit is used only to represent plus or minus sign and if you extend this argument for a 32 bit representation you will get 2 to the power 31 minus 1 to minus 2 to the power 31 minus 1. However I did indicate that you can use 2's complement representation and the person who asked this question is right. Incidentally I hope you had introduced yourself so that all others could know your name. Perhaps next time you could remember to do that. He has correctly pointed out that if we use a 2's complement representation here then while the largest number will still be plus 2 to the power 31 minus 1 but the largest negative number which will be all 1's will still be interpreted as minus 2 to the power 31. So very correct answer and thank you for pointing this out. However I would like to once again mention that while these technical details that you are so carefully and correctly pointing out are important in order to understand and appreciate the nitty gritties at the level of first scores and at the level of general computing these exact values do not matter at all. You will rarely get a numerical computation which just stops short of reaching the maximum values. You will either cross these maximum representation values by a large margin or you will remain inside it. So what is important is to ensure that you will never cross these boundaries. Exact values are good to know from an interest point of view and from technical correctness and completeness point of view. But as far as basic programming concepts are concerned they are absolutely no relevance. So I hope this answers your question. Okay we will go to one more query. Sir I want to know whether a main is a keyword and also main is user defined function or user defined function or not. Okay I think I will compile a list of main traditionally in the sense that it defines the main function the operating system hands over control when your program starts executing. So yes you are very right. Main should never be used for any other purpose then as the name of the main function. Okay so symbiosis please go and ask your question. Good morning sir my question is that if I want to find the compliment of number 5 then why it is giving minus 6 as the answer? Okay thank you very much I will repeat this question. If she wants to find out the compliment of number 5 then why is she getting minus 6 as the answer? It's a good question but when you say compliment you have to define something else. Compliment with respect to what? Just as we have 2's compliment, 10's compliment, so you have to define a base. Now I do not know what is the program that you have written to find out the compliment and to what base you are finding out but I would say to you and to all other colleagues to take this as an interesting and important point and examine it by simply writing programs for finding out the compliments to different bases and confirm it for yourself. So thanks for asking this question but I am putting the ball back into your court and I am requesting you to find the answer also. Yes COEP please ask your question. Sir why there is no concept like signed unsigned float or double? Oh there are no why there are no concepts of course these concepts are there in programming language I did not get your question can you repeat it please. Sir we have signed unsigned integer character like that we do not have any signed unsigned float like unsigned float is not there we cannot declare like unsigned float. Okay okay I will okay first of all good question is question is only with integer we talk about signed representation unsigned representation and that is because the C programming language permits 2's compliment or signed or unsigned representation specifically for integers. As far as floating point numbers are concerned there are 2 components mantissa and exponent just as it defines that the mantissa will always be assumed to have a decimal point at the beginning similarly it has an implicit definition for the representation of both the mantissa and exponent. So there is no question of we being able to define whether either of these 2 are represented as signed or unsigned or 2's compliment. There is a fixed representation which C language permits it is an idiosyncrasy of C language however once again I will tell you that these kinds of representations do not really matter as far as the computations are concerned all that signed and unsigned would mean that you will change the complete range of numbers in floating point the range is decided by exponent and not how mantissa is represented. Secondly in case of integers the unsigned int is important not really to represent a very large integer value but to represent different things other than numbers inside a byte. So an unsigned int or an unsigned care can be used to represent values between 0 to 255 which are always interpreted as 0 to 255. I remind you that yesterday when we discussed the representation of digital images we have intensity values for pixels which will never be negative similarly consider a digitized audio file the digitized audio file will contain audio samples and the audio intensity will never be negative it will be 0 or something positive that is where the unsigned representation comes into picture and becomes useful however for normal computational problems the internal representations in my opinion are completely irrelevant they are good to know and technically you will be correct when explaining it to it but they have no actual value in trying to solve real life problems by programming. So let's go to Sonar college. Sir can you explain me about the various types of precision techniques that we are using in C languages? Various types of which techniques? Precision or precision. Precision techniques is it. We will have an example of how to use the C programming language and what techniques to use to represent and handle higher precision. The natural precision that is available in C programming language is what we have seen that's all C provides. Anything better than that is not available naturally in C but we will discuss this through an example in the later sessions. So let's go over to Government Engineering College Trishur. Hello sir. Sir I have a doubt about the environments we are doing the programming in C. But if the environment is best. I will repeat the questions an interesting question for writing C programs which environment is best whether Windows environment or what you call Unix environment. It is the question assumes that some environment is better for either writing C programs or for executing C programs. It is absolutely nothing of that sort. C programming is done in an environment provided by compilers not by the operating system. So depending upon how good a compiler environment is whether it permits good development tools such as debuggers such as syntax checkers etc. There are editors which can permit you to do that. That would define which environment is good for writing or developing C program. As to which environment is good for running C programs every computing environment is good for running C programs because practically all the underlying software that you see large portions have been written in C. You take the Microsoft operating system itself. You take the Unix operating system itself. They all been written in C. As a matter of fact the first Unix implementation was done using an assembly language on a PDP-7 machine. The moment the C language was defined by the same group they used that C programming language to rewrite the kernel of Unix. C programming language in general has been the chosen tool for many decades by most computer scientists in developing what you call the lower level software such as operating systems or tools or even compilers get written in C. In fact this reminds me of a question that was asked yesterday why is C called middle level language? Yesterday or day before I mentioned that this is an archaic wording and nobody calls it middle level language. But at that time C programming language was developed. It was closer to the machine architecture and much easier to translate into machine language than most other higher level languages existing at that time. Please remember that at that time there were no object oriented programming languages and functional languages were still emerging. We are talking about the days when we had Fortron, Cobalt, Pascal, Algol and such programming languages. With respect to these C was considered closer to the machine. To answer your question finally there is no such thing as some environment being better for C programming than the other. All environments today provide adequate facilities to write and run your C programs. Unfortunately C has not been a programming language which is used nowadays for developing large applications. Most of the large applications today are getting developed in some kind of object oriented framework such as C++ or Java and other tools and technologies such as database technologies or object oriented systems. C is still used to teach the first course in programming in a majority of our colleges in the country and that is the only reason why we are having this workshop and this discussion. But if you ask me C programming has not remained in the real world as important as some of the other things like object oriented programming. Again talking about environment modern programming is often done through high end tools such as integrated development environments. Let me mention a couple of integrated development environments. These are called IDEs for example. You have Eclipse as an integrated development environment developed by a rational group of companies which is now taken over by IBM. On the other hand you have another integrated development environment called NetBeans which has been developed by some group primarily for Java programming but permits good program development environment for multiple programming languages including C. If you look at C on the PC front you have TurboC and such C compilers which give you a good development environment. These are available whether in Unix operating system or Microsoft operating system. To conclude your answer it is wrong to say that an operating system is the right environment or wrong environment or good or bad environment for developing programs. Programs are incidentally developed in an operating system but they are developed using tools such as compilers and development environment and if at all one has to compare one has to compare those environments. If you take Ubuntu for example one of the reasons why people may not prefer Unix or Ubuntu is because of non-familiarity with such environment either for them or for their other colleagues. Otherwise Unix environment or for that matter Mac operating system environment which is a Unix derivative is as good in terms of the tools for permitting you to do good development. Consider the environment that you will see in your lab. You have a G edit which is a very simple editor. It can actually cross check for matching brackets and so on. So it is a simple development environment and the GCC compiler is by far the best C compiler that exists in the world today. There is nothing equivalent remotely in terms of its spread and comprehensiveness. Incidentally the GCC compiler is available both for Unix environment as well as for Microsoft environment. So I hope that answers your question. The correct answer is it is wrong to compare which environment is better in terms of operating system. It is perhaps correct to compare which tools are better to develop C programs as far as running executable C programs are concerned after they are compiled absolutely any kind of hardware is good for running C programs. Let us quickly go to Perrier. C OEP has one more query. I will take a call on it after talking to Perrier. Perrier please go ahead and ask your question. This question is indirectly related to the first question because you are referring to a Ubuntu compiler and a Linux compiler. I will once again repeat that Ubuntu, Linux, Unix, Microsoft, Windows are names of operating systems and none of these come ready made with a compiler. So it is wrong to say Ubuntu compiler or Linux compiler just as it is wrong to say Microsoft Windows compiler. These are operating systems which intrinsically do not contain any compiler whatsoever. So coming back to your question. The GNU compiler which you are using the GCC compiler is exactly the same compiler that we are using on Ubuntu which will what would have been used on the Linux as well. In short the compiler used on many variations of Unix operating systems such as Unix, Linux or Ubuntu or Suze or Novel would generally be the GCC compiler in a Microsoft operating system GCC compiler is also available and other compilers are also available. So I hope that answers your question. Specifically Linux and Ubuntu and such things do not define a compiler. You have to choose a compiler to use in any one of the environment and the one which you are using in the lab is exactly the same compiler as the one which you would be using probably in any other Linux version. Okay, let us go to the last institution COEP Pune and Trishur has two more questions. Okay. Both are good questions. The first question relates to the differences in implementation. What was pointed out is that when you print an integer in turbo C it shows two bytes whereas yesterday in the lab we saw four bytes. You remember I mentioned that the actual allocation of the memory units to integer or float is completely implementation dependent and I did mention that you can have an integer which is two bytes or integer which is four bytes. It is not the question of the back end operating system environment but it is the turbo C compiler which chooses to implement an integer declaration as a two byte value and it is the characteristic of GCC compiler which chooses to implement an integer in four bytes. This is the implementation dependent difference which is permitted by C programming one way and the programmers have to take care that whenever their program is executed the execution will depend upon these limitations imposed by the compiler. So to conclude the limitation is not of the Ubuntu environment or for that matter the Microsoft environment the limitation is that of the turbo C compiler that compiler gives only two bytes for the integer. However if you define a long integer you will get a four byte integer. Please remember this has happened because turbo C developed as a compiler on small machines. In very early days microcomputers used to have 16 bit memory and therefore allocating an integer to 16 bit made a lot of sense. A whole large number of compilers which were meant for microcomputers had this behavior. On the other hand compilers which came from larger machines such as earlier mainframes or the mainstay unix machines almost always had an integer implementation of four bytes. So please do not blame C programming language on this. The C programming language standard itself very specifically says that these limitations will be dependent on the particular implementation and when they say particular implementation they are talking about implementation of a compiler not of an operating system. In short this is the difference between the turbo C and GCC features and that is perfectly alright nothing can be done about it. Let's go over to Trishur who had a query. I was just discussing this specific nature of behavior with my colleague Prof. Uday Gautande who is an expert in numerical analysis. Let me repeat this question. The query is that she typed in a number 123.456 as input and when she was displaying it back she got something like 123.456.001 and the question is why is this happening? Actually my colleague Prof. Gautande has created a small sample program which he used to ask his students to run. This he did I think 20 years ago. I will get that program and send it back across which you can run. This is happening for two reasons. The main reason here by the way is that when you input your decimal number it is not only limited by the precision of the floating point but it is also converted to a base which is 2 or 10 or 2 or 16 whereas the number that you have given has a decimal base. Just consider a decimal fraction 0.1. It so happens that 0.1 which is 1 by 10 in decimal and has an exact fractional representation does not have an exact representation in binary. So if you try to represent a binary fraction which is exactly equal to 0.1 you will not get consequently a number which appears to be finite and rational in decimal representation could become a different number when represented in binary or hexadecimal fraction. That is the reason why you are getting this additional 001. The last 001 is the result of first converting 123.456 into an internal binary representation and then converting that binary representation back into a decimal representation. So that is an interesting phenomena that you have observed. It is a good question I would like all other colleagues to remember this point and I will definitely put the example which I will collect from Professor Gayathonde and include it in one of the downloads on your site which you can try it out tomorrow. Incidentally before going forward I forgot to answer the second question asked by the earlier participant. The second question was While I am multiplying the same number Sir while I am multiplying the same number that is calculating the spare root of 123.456 in progress and through calculator I am getting the same answer but difference after 2 decimal numbers then which is correct sir? The reason you are getting this difference is again related I have your question. The answer is again related to the same phenomena. The exact behavior will be different depending upon the amount of precision that you have in different machines.  They also must be doing some similar representation but they might have larger number of digits and therefore you may not notice the difference but this kind of things can be shown to happen in both calculators and computers. Please wait till the example as are created and you will be able to understand why these things are happening in the subsequent sessions. So please wait till you do run that exercise in your computers later. So to conclude this interaction let me just mention that the question that was asked by the earlier participant was that we said that Dumbo does not remember anything and he uses memory locations so how does he remember the locations? First of all let me explain that the entire model was supposed to be a very simplistic model of computational behavior of a computer and therefore to attach exactness to various description is perhaps unfair. The idea of that entire episode of Dumbo was to convey to our students who do not know anything about computers some basic things about the computers but to answer your question the reason why we have the name tags on the drawers is to ensure that Mr. Dumbo can see those name tags and remember which drawer is B, which drawer is C, which drawer is some etc. So yes you are very right. Dumbo that means my computer cannot remember anything unless it puts it into the memory. Inside a compiler when compiler translates it into the instructions what it actually does is it converts all our variables into location addresses and in fact the instructions to Dumbo specifically point to a location address just as we have A, B or sum the location addresses could be 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 etc. etc. within the binary framework. So when the high level language program is converted into machine language the instructions explicitly refer to memory locations and that is why Dumbo does not have to remember anything. When he looks at an instruction he knows which location he has to go to to collect which data that is the purpose of the name tags on the drawers. With this we will go ahead otherwise we will have very little time to complete the remaining portion here


Would it be wrong to try vegan kfc because it's still kfc?  Do people think the chickens are upset that the vegan there's a vegan burger on at kfc? How would the chickens feel? If vegans boycotted that burger and they took it off the menu and then there wasn't a vegan option at kfc Well, they they've got one of the biggest reach out of any corporation on earth That would be smart advocacy wouldn't it that would be clever. No, I'm going there, and I'm eating it and I'm promoting it Because it's a vegan option, and it doesn't matter who sells it. It's vegan. It's vegan birds weren't tortured and killed for it Okay, if you want to say well the company tortures and kills birds Well, you know the Sainsbury's in the supermarket where you buy your milk from your vegan milk from also sells dairy So they torture and kill animals If we don't buy that vegan burger They take it off the menu simple as that chickens lose animals lose so we're supposed to be on Team animals, okay, we want the kernel the crew Kentucky fired cruelty to be selling the vegan burger Okay, and yeah, so yes go buy it supply and demand use your Finances to tell kfc what we want. We want to vegan burgers. We want a whole vegan box meal We want vegan Ingredients coming out of every single evil corporation on earth So we can show them that um the world is changing and this is where they need to steer Their businesses into more compassionate more environmentally friendly menu options for the for the population, so yeah Like obviously I don't want to step into a place where they're frying dead birds But I'm going to do it because it's not about me. Is it it's not about how I feel about kfc It's about what's best for the chickens, isn't it at the end of the day? and I appreciate why some vegans.  Don't do that. That hurts animals Not giving them money to kill animals. That's nonsense.  We don't want them to put a vegan option on. We're not going to buy it Okay, so there's no change going to happen. Good. That was very that was very clever wasn't it? That was real clever chickens going to be happy about that people go and drunk to kfc with their friends and there's a vegan option then they've just been educated on veganism and There's something for them to reach for convenience is huge.  You know something not everyone cares about like Being deep-fried not everyone cares about that people just want convenience. That's huge for people. Everyone's lazy They want a snack. They're out drinking with their friends is a 24-hour kfc open bomb.  Let's hit it Let's hit it If you people don't understand how like I know most vegans do a lot of vegans don't understand how supply work Supply and demand works. I think if you buy a vegan burger from kfc, you're supporting torture and killing I'll tell you right now every single business that you go into that sells animal products You can apply the same logic to also like, you know went to this restaurant. They had a vegan option on at the restaurant I'm not going to eat it though because the vegan option the rate of the vegan restaurant also sells animal products So I'm not going to I'm not going to buy the vegan, you know meal that they've put on at the local pub or the local restaurant now.  It's not about the bigger picture. You know what I mean? But that's that's exactly what people need to think about and it's I think people are sincere when they say but they haven't thought it through and I'm looking at the bigger picture here Like if there was like some cross-contamination, I would still do it. I would still do it because Even though it's disgusting I'm buying the vegan product. There's some cross-contamination probably in the kitchen can't avoid it But I'm doing it for the sake of the animals. I'm going in there. Hey, there's a vegan burger.  Let's do what's right Do what's right Shit quality. Who are you Maximus?  It's better than tortured animal bodies You ever been inside of a factory farm? Shit quality. I wonder where Maximus gets his food from Must be a veganic farm around this house where the owner of the veganic farm is completely vegan And he never gives money to any corporation at all because if you're giving money to any if you're paying taxes Maximus, you're paying taxes. That's going to where? Where's that going to? Subsidised factory farms you cannot win in a capitalist system like the way you're talking You cannot apply your logic across the board. You haven't thought this through You haven't thought this through the best thing we can do is buy vegan products no matter who sells them Okay You know, you're not thinking clearly All money is blood money You cannot avoid your money going to some animal abuser down the line when I get Nuba. Where's that money go? He goes and buys lamb chops with it can't avoid it You go into Sainsbury's you go into the supermarket. I go into the co-op over here. All right buy a vegan option Buy some, you know one of the vegan donuts in there am I supporting animal abuse because they also sell dairy Here we go. Here's a great one by Maximus. This just highlights what I'm talking about go support a vegan fast food chain. Where? Where KFC have got bigger reach than any other fast food chain on earth nearly You don't want them to put a vegan option on ridiculous Ridiculous support both Support both. Do you want them to take the vegan option off just for Maximus? Take the vegan option off the menu Should they do you think chickens will be happy about that? Yeah, nah, you're not looking at it from the animals perspective I want everyone to support the vegan options wherever if there's a full vegan restaurant near your house I want you to go in there, too If there's vegan options at Sainsbury's or Tesco's or your local supermarket I want you to buy them from there as well. If there's a vegan pizza on a pizza hut by that There's a vegan burger on at McDonald's by that. All right KFC vegan burger by that Magnum bring out vegan option by that I'm an activist This is what we want. This is huge. This is history making It's history making that KFC have a burger on this history making Do you see that our work our activism is working? Don't you see that? All this work that we're doing advocating the demand is there. This is how we change the world You're doing anti-vegan activism Maximus You're doing and you're doing you're undoing all of our work I'll give you another analogy that maybe you might be able to follow as well If you live in a country that is at war Do you support your whole country? Because you live in it and pay the taxes No, if you if you support it Let's just say you go you live in a country that's at war and you go into a vegan restaurant in that country And you give your money to that vegan restaurant and those and and you're supporting sort of the capitalism in that country Do that do you then support everything that country does? Do you support everything that government does? No, you're supporting the vegan options where you can you're buying stuff from a vegan restaurant in the country That's also involved with all these other things. It's the best thing you can do Gary Orofsky's got an amazing video on this too, and you're gonna tell me Gary Orofsky supports the slaughter of animals that McDonald's do No, he's just logical He's just logical Gary Orofsky is logical. He says buy vegan products from non-vegan companies Gary Orofsky 30 year animal liberationist one of the the godfathers of animal liberation movement You know More in it for the animals than anyone nearly this guy is amazing Dedicated dedicated his whole life till he burned out to the for this movement. He says Buy vegan products from non-vegan companies. That's how supply and demand works That's how you make change from within that the evil system change the system from within What is practical for everyone in the Western world is Is what should be advocated for what's practical If you want to say well, why don't they just buy from local veganic farms? That's not practical for everyone.  Is there a veganic farm here? And KFC is still gonna exist if you buy from your veganic farm. We want them to put on a vegan option They've got more reach They've got a restaurant nearly in every country on earth in every city on earth They've got more reach then all of us put together McDonald's have more reach then all of us put together. What are you gonna do? What are you gonna do? That's good that you agree. I'm glad that you do and if you don't agree we can have a discussion about it But I've thought this through for years Okay, and people see me making a video on McDonald's buying the vegan options Do you think I eat McDonald's every day? I think I love McDonald's the way they have their own slaughterhouse I think I love that if a butcher right now selling the body parts of animals put on a soy burger I'd go in there and I'd buy it That might seem like oh my god, he's gonna buy a soy burger from a from a butcher. Yeah, I would Cuz guess what if a million of us go in there and buy the soy burger He's gonna shut down his butcher and open up a vegan restaurant probably go vegan in the process If you're applying some other philosophy to your veganism like some purist health mentality or some Some anarchist mentality where that's just not practical for the general public then you know You're making things more difficult for the movement and for the animals. See they sell fruit and veg here vegan, right? vegan That stuff. There's vegan. You understand Yeah, potatoes vegan. Oh Look at this They sell the corpses of animals here, too. All right There's the corpses of animals and look here right next to the corpses They'll be on burger Vegan options the veriments Now old Maximus who was just in the chat before Should I not buy that with those vegan products there because they also sell meat here? No Should I? Maybe I shouldn't maybe we should just put all the vegan businesses out of business Yeah, and look over here Look over here So they've got These are all dairy products here Here's a dairy milk exploited cows Exploded cows exploited cows and guess what else they got here Guess what else they got here? Plant milks they got plant milks here See plant milks should I should we put all the plant milk places out of business because we need to buy from local Veganic farms where it's not vegan or they sell dairy products here, too Exploiting kill cows should I not buy the plant milk? No, just so don't buy the vegan burger at KFC either hey that would be good advocacy you think should I start do you reckon I should use my hundred thousand Followers on this platform to advocate against the vegan burger to advocate against people buying vegan products at supermarkets as well Do you think that's gonna help animals? Yeah, you think the cows want that think chickens want that Or do you think they want as many vegan products in as many places as possible with the largest reach as possible? So everyone's got the convenience to reach for a vegan product when they want a vegan burger or they want some vegan milk Or they want some vegan ice cream from Ben and Jerry's like I said if there was a butcher selling vegan options I would go in there and buy those vegan options And I tell vegans hey, you know like I know it's hard as it's a butcher there, but by the vegan options We got it and if enough people go in there by the vegan options.


Hi everybody, it's Sam at Mixed Up Craft. Thank you for watching my tutorial today. This is a really super shiny, very very glitzy gift card purse or wallet and yeah I just think it's a really really fun nice way to give to gift card instead of just putting it in an envelope or a card. You can pop it in a little purse like this. So the papers that I'm using I recently picked up these two paper packs in Poundland in the UK and they're really really nice and I did show a Christmas one, I can't remember what it was on, whether it was on a tutorial or a Facebook live but this particular pack here and I'm going to be using this one this particular pattern today but can you see it's all embossed so it's all lifted off the part and they've all got this really nice kind of sheen to them so you get five I think of each yeah then there's this one here springtime again it's all every single page is embossed that one's really nice just a little flowers on it but they're all lifted up you can just about make it out that one's lovely I mean that's like a ready-made card you just die cut that as a set you know the circle die mount it on some foam pop it on a card that one there again really nice all raised really textured the lovely and then the last one's that one there which again I thought was really quite sweet so yeah if you can get those ones but also I picked up this one which I love I love foiled papers and these are just brilliant so this is the one I used for that one there I mean you can just see the shine you've got some fun pumpkins there and pumpkins and pineapples and then you've got that one that's really cool love love love arrows quite fashionable the arrows are that one so I guess it's got quite a tribal feel to it they're really good another kind of abstract one there which is great and that one so I think you get two of each and then those hearts are really nice as well so yeah so if you can get into your pound land at the moment I cannot fault some of the craft stuff that you can find in any of the pound shops you've got pound land pound world and there's another one is there I'm sure there's three anyway they're really really good and I've been sharing the finds and things that I've been finding in the shops at the moment recently so yeah try and check them out anyway so this is what we're doing so show you closer up actually so you can see there there's 17 flowers that I have punched using this little one here really standard inexpensive punch yeah when you use I used a gold miri card and then inside that in each one there's a little gold embellishment as well but it's just gorgeous and then I've got a little trim along the top there and then this again on the back it's all it's literally a shrunk down version of my black clutch bag that I've done I'll share the link to that up here somewhere because that was lovely and I've had lots of people there's one of my favorite things and I still have that one just in my little show cabinet but inside here when you open it up it's only thin you can see there it's very thin but this is what will hold your gift card so I'm going to make this look a bit better and I haven't got a proper gift card for it yet this is just to go into a stash so that then when I do get a gift card I've got a nice thing ready to go and you could put a nice sentiment on here so you could have happy birthday you know in gold embossed powder there on the front as well mounted on like a white rectangle or something that would look really nice as well but I've made this myself just cut little slots into the card there and then you can pop your gift card and you could write a message on the back of this as well so that is what we're going to be making it's very very easy to do so let's crack on so I've done I've already done all my flowers I've done enough tutorials showing how to make flowers you just need a nice soft piece of foam and some of these tools here which I've shared in previous tutorials and links to them you can buy them off of ebay um but even the nail ones that you get these are actually for making um the cake making so making you know the leaves and stuff um through the cakes so but they work perfectly for paper and card so that's what I've used I just used the that one there you just punch out the flower pop it on here rub it in the middle like that one there you just push down in the middle until it all starts to lift up it just brings them to life a bit so that is optional you don't need to do that you can just leave them up yourself if you want to but anyway I've done 17 and I've done a mixture of pink orange and purple to match the pinks oranges and purples in the paper so like I said this is the one that I've chosen here to use so you need some velcro dots just to obviously um put it together let me just pop these off here so I've already shown you the punch that I used um I don't know where this one was from it says family treasures on the front and then it just says patent pending career so don't really give me much but you can pick these up in that hobby craft and on ebay and places like that okay so you need one piece of six by six which is going to form your main case I'll do the scoring as well while we're here so along one of the six inch sides you want to score at two and five eighths of an inch two and three quarters of an inch two and seven eighths of an inch three inches three and one eighth of an inch three and a quarter and three and three eighths of an inch so basically from the five from the two and five eighths of an inch you're scoring it every one eighth of an inch all the way up to three and three eighths of an inch okay if I just bring that up there you can see and that's going to be the curved base that we will have on our little purse um again this is all the same as that I did um process that I did in the um clutch bag so that's for the main case then for your flap so the lid over the top this is a piece of one and three quarters by six and you want to score along the short side you want to score a half an inch and three quarters of an inch okay just like so I've just already rounded off the edges there as well to the of the right hand side so where you've done those festu score lines the larger right hand side here that's where you want to corner punch okay um then for the sides these pieces are one and a quarter by two and five eighths of an inch so you need two pieces and along the shortest side you're going to score a quarter of an inch five eighths of an inch and one inch so you should have either side two quarter inch sides and then the score line going right through the middle of the all the cut you know the full um width of the card there just goes right through the middle two pieces like that then I've got this tiny little strip along the top I don't know I just thought it looked nice from the back just again just a little detail if you want to add that in this piece is it's just under a quarter of an inch so you may need to trip on your trimmer just pull it in slightly so it's just under a quarter of an inch and that is by five and seven eighths of an inch then the two pieces to decorate so on the front and back this is five and seven eighths of an inch by two and a half two pieces and then for your piece in the middle so that's actually going to hold your gift card I have got the mat piece is five and three quarters by two and five eighths and then the piece to go on top this is the piece that we're going to put the actual gift card onto is two and three eighths of an inch by five and a half as always all of those measurements will be in my blog but I know some people do you know write them down as I say them so that's everything you need we've done all the scoring so we can get right into it now I've already put my heat gun on so that's getting nice and hot now what you want to do with this is let me grab my bone tool and you're just going to burnish each score line and obviously because they're so close together just take a little bit of time just to make sure you're getting them lined up because you can easily go across to you know the one next to it so I'm just literally getting each one and once you start it off they quite easily do the very end on there just fall into place this should be I think it's six all together and this just gives you a nice little curved base rather than a flat one so again it's just doing something different rather than it being the same all the time and I can kind of make out if you haven't done one because you can see it doesn't so there's that last one there there we go and by doing that now you just naturally get a nice curved bottom to your little case okay so that was that that's easy peasy then we've got our two side pieces so what you want to do here is the two on the outside fold up because they're going to go inside and then that one fold down so you're creating an M shape like that okay so do that on the other one okay so you'll have two like that then what you want to do is on the outsides outsides on the outer sides even so my tape's got stuck there just get rid of that end okay so with your M facing up the right way you want to run this is a really really thin tape so it's good for this one you want to run your red tape along the outside okay so there's the M shape you're running it along that outside there so again if I just do the other one there and you just want to do that on both of them like so okay so just do that on your next one okay so just make sure that that's all stuck down nicely and you've got no little white air bubbles or anything okay and then if you just take do one first just take one side off a bit fiddly there we go to start from the front doesn't really matter but you're going to line up the bottom of this with the very top score line inside here okay so again exactly how I done the clutch bag like so so the M is inside the little case that when we stick this piece over everything's concealed inside and it's just a little concertina just to be able to expand it enough for you to get that gift card out and then take the other one off oh sorry no leave that one on do the other side it's just easier that way so this time so that M1 is going in facing that way we're going to take this back one off first okay again you want it so it's right at the bottom score line hogging the outer part of your case all the way up like so now I've gone a little bit higher there can you see it's just slightly coming over so I'm just going to trim that off it's not going to make any difference to the you know the final finish pipe um piece so don't worry if you're a little bit up there so just gone higher on one side then you need to take off this side here again do one at a time still you've got enough room because it's got that little bit of the concertina to it you can expand it to do the other end and again now you just want to make sure you get it right on the top of that score line right on the outer part all the way up to the top like so okay so you just created this little side now nice and easy and then this one here a little bit fiddly that should still work and again just hold it in place there like so okay so now we've got this nice little pocket coming together then we are going to I've got a bit of a thing with white at the moment seem to be using loads of white card I know it doesn't always um it's not good for filming with but I love it so I'm sorry um so now that is going to mat on top perfectly and I think that's why I just love the white border um background that you get with white cards so I think that's obviously why I magnet to it that in craft cards you could just leave me with those two and I'll be happy um so we stick this down so I'm just going to grab some wet glue you can use double sided tape it doesn't really matter um I'm just going to put a thin layer around this and you just want to put one on the front and one on the back so that's all stuck down obviously if it's directional paper you're using make sure it's all facing up so that's that piece now we can attach our lid so like I said I've already rounded off the edges there so you just need to burnish those two score lines and then all you want to do so this is that little piece here just to give you that kind of if you're putting something thicker in there you could put a thin bar chocolate with it as well um or you could put lots I say lots of money but if you've got a substantial wad of money that you're giving to someone at cash that would fit in there as well if you've wrapped it up a little bit or you could make this extend this um so it's a longer width so it would fit the notes in just like a normal purse would so what you want to do is that's the way the lid's going to be lift it up and you want to glue inside just that that bottom half inch piece don't go into the little quarter inch score line in the middle so I probably put a bit too much glue there so I'm just going to rub that off a bit so that looks about right and then choose if you've got a preference the pattern paper this is pretty much I've got a really nice even amount of flowers on both sides so not too gross I'm just sticking it up to that score line okay you can see there you're just sticking it up to there you're not sticking it up to that one there so and then it will fold on over giving you this lovely little purse now if you want to do the flowers with this off then don't put this piece on because the next bit I'm going to do is the flowers but the reason I've done it with it on is I think I can look at my arrangement a bit easier and with it all complete whereas if I was to do it separate and then put it on and I didn't wasn't happy with it I kind of can't really change it so so that's all in place then I'm going to pop a velcro dot on it again just find one it's got its little front and back pop your velcro dot in the middle near to the end okay like so fold it over make sure that it expands out filling that little quarter-inch piece on the top and then squeeze it together okay and then open it up then you can just make sure that they're attached on both sides like so and then again completely optional was that little strip I just quite liked that little extra piece of detail so I'm going to try and get the last of this glue off here I think might have a little bit more on there and that is just to run along that top part okay so now it's the fun part of sticking all the flowers so I'm just going to actually know what I'm going to do first before that is I'm going to do the gift card I think my glue gun still needs just a little bit longer to heat up so you've got these two pieces here now before you stick it down you want to get this bit here and I'm going to grab that little card that I've got here and just take this one off with that one so this is just a standard credit card size should be universal size and you just want to sit it in the middle of this piece and with a pencil I'm going to draw around an equal corner okay so it's about three eighths of an inch coming around each way you want to make sure they're kind of as even as possible because you're going to cut from corner to corner on each one so again like so and that one we can rub all this out in a minute okay so I've got equal I just bring that up you can see there what I've done now we're going to cut with our knife from there to there on each one that's why I said you need to make sure that these are kind of the same on each corner about three eighths of an inch um so I've got my cutting knife and metal ruler and basically I'm just going to line my ruler up so it sits from corner to corner of that pencil mark and then with my knife just cut what's your thumbs cut across corner to corner so just bring that up now you can see I've just cut through and just go and do that on each of those okay and then you can just rub out those pencil marks I've gone a bit heavier with my pencil there so I can flip this piece over it won't matter yeah you can still see them I mean if you want to decorate it with pattern paper and stuff you can but that's the other side I just use that side and that's going to go on top like so and then your card will fit in all of these you do one side first push it in and then kind of just bend the card a little bit just to fit it in like so and it will fit in there nicely and then that can go like so so all I'm going to do is just put some wet glue just along this is I go through so much glue just going to run it along this bit here and then in the middle because you'll still be able to bend the whole piece of card to get the gift card in and out so it won't stop that you won't obstruct it in any way but you just want to make sure obviously does stick it right up to the edges on this bit stick that down you'll get a nice even border like I said if you want to write your message you can I've got a feeling yeah I've just ripped that typical well for the video you can see it's okay but just there see I've cut it I'm not happy about that so we have to redo that obviously went too close to the edge so there you go don't do that but otherwise it's fine see all the other sides are perfect so if you want to go a little bit thicker maybe just to not have that happen like I just did then I would say maybe go you could do two and a half you just have a slightly less of a white frame um yeah maybe otherwise it's fine like that the way I've done it anyway so but I'm going to keep it for the video anyway so that's already and like I said you can write your message and everything on the back but I think that looks really nice you could put some little flowers on here same flowers that are on the front like so that would look really nice as well because it's got room to fit like that inside okay so now I'm going to get this bit here I've got my heat gun which is now dripping glue this is a really really cheapy cheapy one and then you just want to start laying them out so on here I've got one in each corner which is what I done first and then kind of done that one then that one that one that one that one kind of worked my way along so first of all I'm going to get this orange one little piece of blue you don't need much at all and just pop that one up into the corner like so and I'm going to go in with a purple one again a little bit of glue try and get rid of all the string before you stick it and you just want to kind of nestle them into each other so you get a really kind of packed look about it so you can see there that's that one already and then I'm going to add in pink one again keeping them nice and close together like so okay and I'm just going to now work my way along and then when at the end you can see the pattern that I've done and then you can just follow um when you go there you go that is all of my 17 flowers on I think that looks so nice totally brings it to life and again you could obviously do this on a much bigger scale if you've wanted to put a handle on here now you can as well um did I have an example I think I did grab something before but I haven't got it anyway that's what it looks like so now you can just open it up inside and you can push down on the flowers as well it's not going to you know affect them and then that will sit perfectly with your little message inside like I said there's room for money in there as well and a little you could put another little card in there as well like a tall thin um little greeting card as well so I think it's just a really nice way like I said with a little sentiment there I'm not putting mine on yet because I just like them plain until I need them um but yeah there you have it so a lot of flowers a lot of punching there with or die cutting but that's the part of crafting I like you know I enjoy doing all of that so um you don't have to maybe go as crazy as I have with them but um I just yeah I think it looks rather cute so there you have it guys hope you liked it please give me a thumbs up if you did and subscribe to the channel to see more thanks for watching bye


What is up everybody Jason for jazby's case base calm We just sold out jazby's five box Julio Rodriguez NT RPA at a seven giveaway baseball mixer So we're calling it the anti Julio Rodriguez RPA at a seven baseball mixer guys because we're giving one of those away As you can see right there, and it is right here in front of me beautiful nice one right there RPA at a seven be just nine ten now like I said Everybody get a chance at that at the end of the break first working to the break 30 spots all 30 teams in all cart ship includes those boxes there and at the end we'll re-randomize the original list Name at the top wins the Julio So there we go dice roll it so let's roll it to two into two four times here. We go one two three four four times four John down to Wesley two three four Open A's down to Chicago Cubs So there you go four four Johnny had the Oakland A's Patrick with the garden John with the angels Tristan with the rays John with the Dodgers Kevin the Braves Nicholas with the Roars David with the Blue Jays John with the Phillies Gerard with the Orioles and Reds Wesley with the Pirates Christopher the Rangers Nicholas with the meds Scott Goodman with the Rose Jeff P with the National sorry John with the Chicago White Sox Scott with the Rockies Stover with the Cardinals Nicholas with the Astros Neil with the Domivax Nicholas with the Yankees Mariners Jimmy with the Padres Nicholas the Red Sox Stover with the Giants and Marlins John with the Tigers David with the twins And then Wesley with the Chicago Cubs So there you go guys now if anybody wants to make any trades, I'll give you guys a quick minute You always get the Rockies. I'm sorry, man. All right guys. I'm assuming no trades in Stick to what you got. Let's print and rip Print and rip. So again, we'll start out with the heavy base stuff Although, this is a nice boss guys chase Ellie to the cruise Gerard has the rats. Good luck, buddy It's amongst other of course prospects in 2022. I'm ready to go back a few years try to get some Some 2020 prospects, which was Vulpie Dominguez Bobby with junior. You also have a good rookie class that year with both shit Lou Bob Jordan, etc. You also have a good rookie class in this 2022 as well Going off today too got 36 James Wood or that kid is a stud That was actually I don't know where they got that from but we used to have a couch in here and I assume that's where it was from Max Muncie Hey, we had a casting couch I think we got the job, huh? Right Now our our student used to be over here. We used to break on this wall right there And then we have a couch on this wall here But Mike wanted to get rid of the couch. Oh We'll Wagner to 50. All right. Did I not get an autograph? Yeah Well, I'm here for the angels Alejandro Hidalgo It's a two-night man. I got a little scared there for a second angels John Jackson. All right guys.  That's the only one you don't try the like cherry coke I see they came all with a coke spice Which is like raspberry with other spice in it I was like, what the hell is that? That's how Vanessa's bro. She only loves drinks coke. I mean she has to drink Pepsi. She's like fine Yeah, like a dark soda, but she really has Oh Yeah, if I don't get soda at McDonald's I just I used to like their sweet tea It was pretty sweet to be honest like a little too sweet, but I like their high C orange Yeah That's all I drink now water, beer and coke All right, here we go flirty young it's got a fun auto ejecto more ejecto, ejecto Basically one is missing Joey, I don't remember doing one of those guys Joey cantillo For the holidays, I kind of even want dame to even hit his mark now because then I just get my 20 bucks back in credit If I get three out of five, I think I only win like $7 back Braylon Marquez 26 I think I was 26 I Think he's almost close to 20 But yeah, this is the one that's taking but do they're only down by like, I mean, they're not getting smoked Oh Well, that's 15 points actually, so yeah I already got the autograph guys, but see if we can maybe get a bigger prospect J.J. Bladet little one per box of Tomix though the shed tomorrow I Couple sapphires and that bowman draft choice. Let's go with 2019 sapphire This is actually one of my favorite years of sapphire. I think it might have been the first year, right? I think they started this in 2019. It's actually not blue It's just like a normal like whitish gray sapphire I actually prefer I don't like the way this one works. It's just basically the Tomix Let me change it to blue. I guess blue sapphire. Alright, here we go 2019 draft class And Ray Black rookie autograph there for the Giants When a Stover Eddie Rosario Orange for the Minnesota Twins Kind of David Johnson to 25 Brandon Rogers Nothing crazy. Just go here to 50. We got a Harold Costrow for Detroit to 50 That might have to be a randomizer there. I want to actually just leave up all the rookies All right, and then these are here will be left middle rights All right guys final box here guys Bowman draft choice Three prospect autos. All right. We got Kate Denton. That's for Colorado 150. We got CJ Kephus for the Guardians Patrick the Guardians And the last one here Whoo, a little bit of a teaser. That was even solace Dylan head orange 19 out of 25 Podger is going to Jimmy and there you go. I was just like that This is a little bit smaller mixer, but obviously some hiring boxes with all the Bowman drafts and Bowman stuff It said not much too came out though, but like I said They should still give it a shot. You're still got autos there And right there now. Let's get away the Holy Rodriguez guys. You got that Here we go dice roll list of names roll it One out of four or five times. Good luck One two three four five Five times five times here we go. Oh, sorry Nick and two and three Christopher congratulations, buddy. Oh, I don't think I called your name at all You had the Rangers. I think you might have been the first person to bind to this mixer actually too I think yeah, you were nice Stayed at the top buddy. Congratulations, man. This holy Rodriguez is now yours So thanks for buying in and congratulations Like I said to you guys also for the customers above full spots. It's not technically over just yet We do have a full spot promo giveaway for the three mixers So if you bought a full spot and either of the three mixers once they all sell out will randomize the names and One person wins a thousand bucks and break credit. So you still got that opportunity as well So I'll paste in those names and I'll show you guys I know I didn't show it in the last one, but I basically still have the list ready So basically if we go here, we go to the promo tab That's the Joe borough list minus the five customers that bought into the cut into the filler And then here's the names here. So obviously at John, you're not gonna have that entry David You're not gonna have that entry John. You're not gonna have that entry and then Tristan either and Jeff But everybody else there does get their entries and the last mixture we just need to sell out as the Steph Curry So once we sell that out, we're randomize the names. It's gonna be actually like a one and maybe 70 something chance, which is not bad actually guys. So there you go guys. Appreciate it. Jasper's case breaks calm


Tell us your name and where you're from. I'm my name is Dana and I'm from Pasco Awesome. Can you please share us share with us? What was the sickness you were struggling with and how did you get healed? All my life colorblind couldn't all I could see was black and white That's it What I could see colors. I didn't know colors. I didn't see the color you saw. I saw a Different color if that makes sense, but I knew black and I knew white, but it had to be real black and real white And so you had this for a longest time as long as you can remember, right? You could not differentiate colors No All my life. How did that maybe affected your daily life? Well it affected my goals in life I wanted to go one direction and couldn't because of my colorblindness Jobs couldn't work retail found that out really quick It's the truth I was laughed out of a furniture store because I asked what color a sectional was Couldn't shop for myself haven't been able to shop for myself all my life My sisters decorated my homes Helped me close shop Everything right down to matching shoes socks Canisters for the kitchen Have everything the color of hair makeup everything Everything which he looks stunning by the way Praise the Lord Now can you please share with us how the Lord healed you? Yeah, the question is Where did you where were you in search of solution? Did you go to the doctors to receive any help from this sickness? There's nothing There is one procedure, but it's not worth Trying the risks are not worth the Possibility So it just it wasn't gonna happen And it's chroma's it has there's two ways a woman can be colorblind and it's very rare It's chrome. It's in your chromosomes or a traumatic brain injury I didn't have a traumatic brain injury that I know of But so it had to be my chromosomes Okay, and how did the Lord heal you from that? so Saturday At church, I was telling my niece Stephanie So they can see the picture right here. So this is at the conference Apostle John. She is praying for her And you can you please share with us? Note to self don't wear that shirt again So Saturday, I was telling my niece Stephanie. I'm believing that I'm gonna be healed of one of my disabilities I have two documented Preferably my colorblindness the other one doesn't bother me as much And I told her I I'm going to be healed. I know it. In fact, I think I even told Bryson, too It's nothing happened Saturday Sunday came and My nephew Bryson brought me up to the prayer line and he prayed for me and Instantly nothing happened then He prayed for the sections and Instantly nothing happened or at least so I thought and what happened next morning Next morning slight I'm getting dressed and I'm standing in front of my mirror in my bathroom on the vanity And I see a reflection of bottles in the mirror and I know the colors of those bottles I know them I Know the colors and I started aiming those color at the green that the orange the tangerine color I have never seen tangerine. You know for reals The colors gorgeous There's a lady here who's on your singing group and her coat her shirt is beautiful red. That is yes. That's gorgeous beautiful Okay, can you please demonstrate for us what kind of color of shirt I'm wearing I Would only be able to tell you that there's white in it, but there's blue, too Come on put your hands together for Jesus Christ This is awesome. This is absolutely amazing. We see how excited you are So we are excited with you that the Lord heals him in so can you please? Maybe share a word of advice to people who might be struggling with some kind of a sickness. What can you tell them? Your healing will come in God's time. I've prayed for years and years and years To be able to see the way my sisters can see the way you can see Stop sign stop lights. Do you know how difficult it is to drive when they change the stop light from straight to side to side It is difficult. I got a ticket in God's time You will you will be healed. Thank you. Come on put our hands together for Jesus


Hey, this is Brett, and this 2022 Ram 3500 Crew Cab Long Box Dual Rear Wheel is stock number 13328Z. I am here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, near New and used heavy-duty truck and Ram headquarters. This 2022 Ram 3500 has the high output 6.7 liter Cummins diesel, and it's paired up with the Eisen heavy-duty 6-speed automatic transmission. This truck can tow up to 32,710 pounds and has a max payload of 5,211 pounds. Has 420 horsepower and 1,075 foot-pounds of torque. Got that information off of Ram's tow guide website, I'll link that in the description below. This truck has been fully safety to and inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off, and it is 100% ready to go. I'm going to go all the way around in this video, inside, underneath, start it up, and take a look under the hood and give you the most accurate representation of the vehicle that I can. Bright white is the color, and I shoot all my videos in 4K, so if you have HD capabilities turn them on right now, because it is your best way to check out the quality condition options and cleanliness of the vehicle before seeing it in person. As you go down this side of the truck, you can see the box is in excellent shape. Dualty tub is in nice condition, I didn't see any dents, I didn't see any dings. The cab and doors are all in very nice shape as well. Front fender, no major dents or dings on there, and if you like the video you can subscribe to my YouTube channel, which is youtube.com slash Summit Auto. Click the bell notifications, you'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day here at Summit Automotive. Very nice, down that side comes with the polished aluminum rims and it has Nexon Rodeon LT 235 ADR 17 tires, they have right around half the tread left on them. Frame and underbody is exceptionally clean on this truck. Front fender, absolutely perfect, headlight lenses are nice and clear, you'll notice this one has the painted front bumpers, front and rear bumpers, and that's part of the sport package, gives you the painted bumpers, it also gives you the painted grill surround and the sport stickers on the box, front grills in nice shape, the hood is in really nice shape as well, and it does have the cab lights up top. Passenger side front fender looks really good too, and the passenger side rim, no major scuffs or scrapes on there. As you go down this side of this 2020 Ram 3500, take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. I take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down, but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can see the truck, hear the truck, and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here, so when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises and you can make a smart and informed buying decision from wherever you're at. If this video helps you make that buying decision, let your salesman know that you saw the video that it was helpful in that bright sentry. Dually tub looks good on this side as well, back rim is in nice shape too, and the back tires have just as much tread as the front tires, maybe even a little bit more. Once again the frame and underbody, excellent condition, and it's like that all the way underneath, has all the remaining factory exhaust, so it hasn't been altered in any way. The lower rockers and cab corners all look really good as well. Once again that dually tub, didn't see a major dent or dings on there, looks really good. These are just stickers, so if you didn't like those you can always take those off. Has the LED tail lamps, rear bumpers in pretty nice shape, has the backup parking sensors, full towing package which includes the receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring. The tailgate is in nice shape as well, has a shock down assist, obviously has the fifth wheel and gooseneck prep package, it also has a fifth wheel in it. Seven pin and four pin wiring, you also get a 115 volt 400 watt plug-in back here as well as side box tie-downs, and the bed itself is in very nice condition. Not really sure the brand on that fifth wheel, doesn't really say. Anyways, back rim is in nice condition as well, and down the rest of this side of the truck once again, doors, cab all look really good. It does come with the heated fold-up tow mirrors, they fold up like so, then they also fold in. I'm not sure if they're power or not, they are not power, they're a manual fold-in. Inside the big horn level C package gives you the dark charcoal cloth interior, there are no rips or tears on these seats, they're in excellent condition, power driver's seat with lumbar, factory all-weather formats, power pedals, auto headlamps, power windows, power locks, power mirrors, you get the wood grain trim and the cloth bolster on there. Here is your VIN sticker, like getting this out of the way before I forget, and then the tire and loading information sticker. Alright, let's take a quick look at the back seats.  These seats are in fantastic condition.  Once again, you're not going to get your seats dirty. In-floor storage on each side with removable bins, you also get storage underneath those load floors. Seats go down like so, and you get two USBs, two USB-C's and a 115 volt 400 watt plug-in back here. Child safety locks on the back doors and the bottoms of the doors all look really, really good. Hop inside, check out the miles, the radio and everything that this truck has to offer on the interior. You can see that this one has 19,617 miles, you do get the nice seven inch LCD display, instrument cluster, digital speedometer, compass display, you can change those corners to read pretty much whatever you'd like. Comes with the heated leather wrap steering wheel, cruise controls and gear selector on the right, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left, audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. This one does come with the six-speed, ice and heavy-duty transmission. Push button four-wheel drive, you get the 8.45 radio, so this is run on Android. You have AM, FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities there, you get your home screen right there. And then you have all your different apps and everything, including Android Auto. You can check out your backup camera, which they've made these backup cameras HD now, so they are crystal clear. And you can zoom in on your receiver hitch to get hooked up to your boat camper or trailer the first time every time. And then you have all your different controls and everything right there. You can check out your truck settings and all that good stuff. So really a lot of nice stuff that you can do with that radio. Down here your climate controls and volume and tune controls, more tactile buttons and knobs, heated seat and steering wheel buttons, stability control. There's your factory exhaust brake. This one does have six auxiliary up-fit switches, tow-haul mode, factory exhaust brake, and your front and rear parking sensors you can turn those off and on. It does have two USBs, two USB C's and an AUX jack, cell phone holder and a 115 volt 400 watt plug-in in there. Keyless entry on the key fob there and remote start. Passenger side format, seat and glove boxes are in very nice shape. Didn't see any rips or tears in there, smells very clean inside this truck. You do get the speakers in the ceiling part of that Alpine premium sound system. Map lights, assistant SOS buttons and your power sliding rear window button auto dimmy mirror. And this one has the home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems. We'll start it up and take a look under the hood. Starts right up, no check engine lights or anything like that. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you've been able to verify the quality condition options and of course cleanliness of this truck all the way around inside and all. Under the hood we have the 6.7 liter high output Cummins diesel, 420 horsepower, 1075 foot cons of torque engine base very clean, runs very smooth. Once again this truck has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop as a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this truck is 100% ready to go. There's your mission sticker. This one also has a 50 gallon fuel tank, so another nice thing if you're hauling a lot of stuff. And I would highly recommend this truck for make quality and condition standpoint. I don't think you'll be disappointed in this one. And to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 550 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, wranglers, half tons, three quarter tons, one tons. You name it we got to go to that website right there summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations. All at summitauto.com. If you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Remember to like, subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. Click the bell notifications. You'll get updates on the videos I do each and every day here at Summit Automotive. In fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to my YouTube channel on the upper left. The link to more Ram 3500 truck videos like this from the upper right. Link to this vehicle on our website in lower left and a link to one of our latest YouTube videos on the lower right. Click those check us out and we're super excited to help you with this Ultra Clean 2022 Ram 3500 crew cab long box duly Icing, high output Cummins diesel, big horn level C sport in bright white crew coat. Thanks again for checking out the video. Remember to like, subscribe and share on the YouTube channel. I really appreciate it. Thanks again.


Catalytic cancer therapies using external physical fields such as light, ultrasound, electricity, temperature, x-ray, magnetic field, and microwave have been developed recently. These therapies use less toxic or nontoxic substances to convert them into toxic agents for cancer suppression. This review summarizes the current state of research in these fields, discussing their properties, mechanisms, and advantages. Additionally, the rapid development of catalytic nanomedicine is discussed, with particular focus on its potential applications in cancer therapy. Finally, the remaining challenges and future directions of this field are outlined. This article was authored by Qingyuan Wu, Haoyuan Zhong, and Huiyu Liu.


It's time! It's time! It's time! For what? For the Fierce Giraffe Show! Sit back and relax, so we'll sing chat and laugh, but one the curious Giraffe Show!  In fact, this particular curious crew have all been here before, but Grace, would you and Jeanette help us know who's in the crew? Who's who in the curious crew today? Hi, Megan. Remember to speak up! What's your name? Levi. Hi, Levi. What's your name? Lily. Hi, Lily. What's your name? Bella. Hi, Bella. Hi, Brendan. What's your name? Dorothy. Hi, Dorothy. What's your name? I'm Grace. Hi, Grace. Okay, well, Jeanette and George are curious about something new today, so let's sing their famous... Very curious indeed. Very curious. Okay, so let's hear what their new question is. Start with the familiar and move to something new. Here we go. Giraffe looked over at Eagle and said, Why was I born to walk? Why were you born to fly? Eagle just shrunk and gave a high five. Hey, we all share one big sky. Oh, yeah. Share one big sky. Share one big sky. Give the world a big high five. Yeah, we're different and we know but we all get along. Cause we can all share and we can all care. We're different but we all belong. Here's the new part. Giraffe looked over at the marchers and said, Why are they all together? What do their signs say? The marchers said, We speak up in a great big way underneath this one big sky. Oh, yeah. Share one big sky. Share one big sky. Give the world a big high five. Yeah, we're different and we know but we all get along. Cause we can all share and we can all care. We're different but we all belong. Alright, so Jeanette and George have been out and about and they have seen some marches. Have any of you seen some marches? And do you know why do they march? For peace. For equality. For equality. For equal rights. For equal rights for all people. But what I know is like the women's march that happened. Yes, it was a big march. Yes, for equality for women. There we go. Yes. And for Black Lives Matter too. And for Black Lives Matter. Absolutely. So they're raising our awareness of things. And when you come together, more people listen, right? And so we have a couple songs about how kids have made a difference by coming together and working together for something they believed in. So the first one is Grandmother Tree. It's a long one but it's an interesting story. So we're going to sing it to the world and let them know how kids at your school save the Grandmother Tree. Here we go. True story. From before the old black top was paid and here's the true story of how she was saved. Grandmother was just like all kinds in this place except that on one side she has a kind face and down near the ground there's a great resting place. A stone is ingrown in her truck near the base. On hot sunny days children played in her shade around her wide trunk fairy houses were made while she watches over the new trail beyond right next to the wetland tech small-taple pond. And so set the scene where we played every day. It's how we expected it always to stay till one clear blue morning we all were dismayed. There's back a red axe had been sprayed. Oh what did this mean? Tell us what could this be? Oh why have they painted our Grandmother Tree? We trembled and cried and our hearts filled with dread. Why was she crossed out? Would our friends soon be dead? The kids started screaming they made a big scene. How could the grown-ups do something so mean? The teacher agreed they could take time to write. Letters to save her speak up for her rights. They met when the principal found out the facts. Why didn't Mark for the axe? He said that her branches had grown much too tall. If the wind got too strong they could fall on us all. Could they trim the top part and leave us the rest? Could they slow down and think before taking the best? He said he acknowledged our show of concern. But we should just go now that we've had our turn. How about Bella, would you come over and just hold this just like that? There you go. Turn your body sideways. Perfect. Very nice. With cards and with songs. With cards and with songs and with trembling tears. We offered our Grandmother Tree our sad tears. We offered her water. We offered her hugs. We kissed her off-bark, bid farewell to her bugs. Held off the cutting until school was out. When she was cut down we would not be about that big empty space. But wonder of wonders we saw her kind face. We stepped back and studied her branches up high. Grandma had a haircut way up in the sky. The kids hugged their teacher who hugged them right back. And Grandmother winked at that whole happy pat. Grandmother still winked at that whole happy pat. That is a true story. Thank you, Bella. Yeah, it's still in our school today. It's still there. Because of what the kids did. Yes, and it's my belief that if only one child had spoken, probably the grownups would have gone on with their plan. That's the one that's in the back dear the observation deck. Yeah, and there's a bit of stone near the ground that children can sit. It's like a chair. And it's like a chair, like a grandmother's lap. So we call her the grandmother tree. Wait, wait. Yes. It's on the paper. It says, and so we set the scene where we played every day and how we expect, you said, and how they expected. Oh, okay. Thank you. I prefer we, but sometimes in my head I forget. So sometimes I'm looking. So thank you. If you have the songbook, you can sing it exactly right. If not, sometimes that changes over time. Do I have mantis again? Yes. And do you know why? Why do you think we're doing the mantis song? They're in danger. And what happened? How did they get saved? The children. Yeah. The children. So listen to the song. Again, it's the children. Our classroom was studying endangered species. My friend Jackson, I did mantis. Okay. I'm glad. I'm glad even. So this happened down in Florida, but school children in Massachusetts are saving, want us to save them too. I said something about it that maybe I wouldn't have ever gotten to see one. It's true. Exactly. So here we go. That's not good. They're so gentle. So everybody imagine that you're seeing them now. Here's the ears. They ate their greens and did their part to keep the water clean. But when a speedboat speeds, it can hurt the men. So if you're driving slow down, please. And watch out for men. A T is gentle as she's free. She's trusting you. Keep her safe from harm. She'll be flippers of white tail and back. I'll hurt to get around and get her snack. She loves to body surf and barrel roll. And a thousand pounds. That's quite incredible. But when a speedboat speeds, it can hurt the men. If you're driving slow down, please. Jump from energy. She's gentle as she is trusting you. Keep her safe from harm in nineteen hundred and seventy-five. School children got them classified. As endangered species they survived. And now they are our joy and pride. But when a speedboat speeds, You're driving slow down. again the grown-ups weren't paying attention but the kids brought it to their attention and they made laws that both that all the grown-ups took head to follow isn't that amazing 1975 we could make rules that kids have to roll okay now Bella can our grace can you reach into George's facts and pass it to Brendan to read and a loud clear voice Brendan just the part that's underlined bring out that newspaper this is about a kid that grew up in Amherst yeah no just there right here it's hard it's high because it's very okay yeah I underlined it with pen loud clear voice all right start you want some stuff that's weird it's weird okay this is to all kids in the area and especially to those who feel like their problems and their problems in the world and who would like to do something about them in sixth grade my teacher read our class a book called it's our world to it was a collection of stories about children around the world who had done some sort of active activists protests project one had gotten the city to create play playground so kids wouldn't play in the street and get hit by cars a class of kindergartners had started a fundraising project to protect rainforests from for a station the stories spanned all issues and geographies mm-hmm okay for me that book was a was a validation of what I had lived by as long as I can remember young people can do something anything and we don't need to wait our turn my advice to potential young activists is not is not to try to seem older than you are it's fine if adults think you're cute you're a cute kid I still get even I still get that even now that that I'm in college graduate and elected politician and it's rather fun as long as they also take you seriously thank you that was a big article and that was from Solomon Goldstein Rose Lily this is our new state representative he grew up in Amherst he played all with the kids here he still is our friend and in fact he was visiting the Pelham elementary school this afternoon so he's our very own and he's one of the youngest and they still tell him you're kind of cute but you know what they listen to him and he's helping us to take care of our world all right okay I want to yeah what's your question okay have a grace can you say like summer it's getting you are or Levi can you say in your own words in a way that Bella could understand okay so basically his teacher read a book because these kids like he's he's helping out and trying to help out and making other people think they should help out like they they made playground so children wouldn't get hit by cars and in the street in the street because they didn't have a playground and like kindergarteners are like fun reason to help the order yeah the rainforests okay so thank you thank you and Bella those were fine questions it was a big article for mostly older kids and so that was a good question here's my next question Bella for the six kids that are here today if I gave you a cardboard to turn into a sign about something you cared about because that's one way people that one way that people change something more serious that you know a way you feel about smoking that's not good to smoke think you just want to be killed and people think it's fun and they need to stop thinking it's fun because they're just gonna die yeah okay so that's one concern that you could make a sign about any other ideas and it's bad for the air and seriously yeah because like I've seen videos of like police officers apparently persecuting people like but then there are also like people sometimes like in some of those videos like they're it's the people that are actually instigating and being like come on you know that's a serious question and there's always two sides to each story and it might feel differently so what it might feel differently to the different people here's only some of them people like for no reason but then there's the other people that are good and trying to actually like help okay thank you and Megan wants to say just a second Megan and then Levi if you cut down trees plant another tree to replace it that's helpful and Levi what was your idea wow so you know what there are so many different ideas instead of making one sign we're gonna save this but I started to make up a song and I didn't know I wanted to have kids help figure out what else should go in the song so the only thing I have in our mystery box today is markers you can write songs you can make signs all right Levi I think good scribe for us so we're gonna start to sing the song and as you have an idea of what Levi can add to the song or Levi if you have an idea you speak up to okay listen first children have a lot to say see things in a clearer way and they've been told that so one fine day you'll be taking care of the earth so that won't show up I wanted to think okay so yeah what's your idea say an idea what would you like in the song children have a lot to say they see things in a clearer way they've been told that one fine day they will okay plant more trees is the way she'd like to say it plant more trees what else Lily want to do in the world if you were in charge you keep thinking okay don't smoke or drink alcohol no drugs no drugs okay that's a simple way okay okay now grace what's your idea okay okay Brandon keep thinking because you're a great songwriter too Bella you've given your idea did you want to say any no drugs does that feel like that includes the smoking and drinking they're saying no drugs does that feel comfortable okay and Brendan do you want to say anything yeah but we've already talked about that any other topic of a way to say the world you want safe driving be a safe drive no no okay okay so be careful driving children okay okay we're gonna have to keep going quickly okay so that's two different things so be safe driving children and then okay and what was your idea leave I you know if I want to hear leave ice too okay oh or only drive if you have to that was your idea because he was thinking about yes oh what's your other one okay that's like a whole verse right there okay so while he writes out that last idea I want to teach you a song put all your little animals in the middle for now like carefully honey with respect yeah cuz you're gonna need your hands okay and then we'll sing we'll try sing you're gonna need your hands stand up okay he's getting his last idea okay I'm gonna teach you a little bit of a new song okay so this is a song I made up at the Women's March okay and it says today's the day say that Bella learned the new song today's the day I set my mind be strong be strong be kind I know this song I'll find a way I'll find be strong be strong be kind okay and then the next part is just an echo okay I'm gonna have to flip back here you almost done okay ready to turn that into here we go this is it okay March okay get ready here we go I'll sing the first line you sing it right after me I will not let unkindness win I will not let unkindness win so I'll try to be a better friend so I'll try to be a better friend a smile a wave a welcome in a smile hope us all belong so we sing all together so sing this mighty song and start again today's the day I set my mind be strong be kind I'll find a way away I'll find be strong be kind so I will stop and look about and make sure there's not any doubt that everyone belongs all together so sing this mighty song today's the day I set my mind be strong be kind I'll find a way away I'll find be strong be kind I have more fun when our games we all get along today's the day I set my mind be strong be kind I'll find a way away I'll find be strong be kind out of time we had so much to sing and do so your song I'm gonna work on it and maybe next time we'll be able to sing your song okay so remember how to keep singing keep looking up keep singing keep looking up keep asking questions and never give up keep singing keep looking up keep asking questions and never give up thanks for joining us today we'll see you next time


The holiday mode on a fridge freezer is really handy for when everyone is away for a couple of weeks in the sun. The setting turns off the fridge and sets the freezer to the lowest and coldest temperature, so make sure your fridge is almost empty before you go. Not only will it help to save some energy whilst you're away, it'll save money off your bills too.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we will discuss the following question and the question says, from the given WEN diagram find the following first part is p, second part is q, third part is p union q and fourth part is p intersection q. Also verify that number of elements in p plus number of elements in q is equal to number of elements in p union q plus number of elements in p intersection q. We are given this WEN diagram where the set p is represented by the outer circle and the elements of p are inside this outer circle and the set q is contained in p and is represented by this inner circle and the elements of q are inside the inner circle. Let's start the solution now. The first part is we have to find what is p. Now the set p contains all the elements which are inside this outer circle. So we will change this area which represents the set p in yellow. So this shaded portion contains all the elements of the set p. Now this shaded portion contains the elements 0, 1, 3, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8. So p is equal to the set containing the elements 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9. So this is our answer for the first part. Now in the second part we have to find q. Now set q is represented by this inner circle. So the elements of q are all the elements which are inside this circle. So this shaded portion in yellow is the set q and it contains the elements 0, 1, 3 and 9. So q is equal to the set containing the elements 0, 1, 3, 9. This is our answer for the second part. Now in the third part we have to find p union q. Now p union q contains elements which are in p or in q or both. So this shaded portion represents the set p union q and it contains the elements 2, 4, 6, 8, 0, 1, 3, 9. So p union q is equal to the set containing the elements 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9. Now in the fourth part we have to find p intersection q. Now p intersection q contains all those elements which are common to both the sets p and q. That is all the elements which are there in the common portion between these two circles p and q. Now all the elements inside this inner circle are the elements of both p and q. So p intersection q is this shaded portion and it contains the elements 0, 1, 3, 9. So p intersection q is equal to the set containing the elements 0, 1, 3, 9. This is our answer for the fourth part. Now we have to verify that number of elements in p plus number of elements in q is equal to number of elements in p union q plus number of elements in p intersection q. Now in the first part we found the set p and we can see that set p contains 8 elements. So number of elements in p is equal to 8. Also from the second part we can see that the set q contains 4 elements. So number of elements in q is equal to 4. In part 3 we found the set p union q and we can see that p union q contains 8 elements. So number of elements in p union q is equal to 8 and using part 4 we can say that the number of elements in the set p intersection q is equal to 4. That is number of elements in p intersection q is equal to 4. Therefore number of elements in p plus number of elements in q is equal to 8 plus 4 which is equal to 12. Let this be equation number 1 and number of elements in p union q plus number of elements in p intersection q which is equal to 8 plus 4 which is same as 12. Let this be equation number 2. Now from equations 1 and 2 we get number of elements in p plus number of elements in q is equal to number of elements in p union q plus number of elements in p intersection q. Hence proved. With this we end our session. Hope you enjoyed the session.