The topic today is the topic of when social issues do not matter in technical debates and when they do. About the format will be something like scientific research report. I will tell you the question and the realm of the problem, suggested solution, some theory behind that, and a conclusion. And then I'll argue for some benefits of that conclusion. Sorry, I really did think that I would have a presentation slide for you. So about me, from a combination of social cooperatives, political action, performance art, critical theory, study groups, and also through urban planning, research through College of Urban and Public Affairs in Portland, Oregon. I put together a research project looking at the question of, how do you decide what is best together in a horizontally governed organization? So it's policy setting. And how do you set policy rationally and with good reasoning when there is no one in charge to say, this is the goal, meet it? But when you have many people deciding what they think should be best? So there is a concern in urban planning about citizen participation. That is it even rational? Can you even do that? Is it the people with the largest guns and the most money that make the decision? So in 2005, I finished, I'm sorry to say, embarrassed to say, a 360 page dissertation comparing the theory of Jurgen Habermas' Theory of Communicative Action about practical reasoning in democracy and comparing that to the evaluations of good process in intentional communities where people with equal formal power in an organization were able to govern their housing associations. And these were very elderly. I didn't realize I was going to be studying elderly people, but I did want to know people who had been doing it for the longest period of time with the most capital they were controlling together as a group. And I asked them, how do you idealize good process? How do you make these decisions together? When do you think it's going well? When do you think it's not going well? And I compared that to my understanding of Habermas' Theory, which was very influential and talked about in urban planning at the time. But people were saying, it's impossible. It's impractical. You can't use it in real life situations. I said, no, I think I have seen this in real situations in my background. So when I presented the idea of this talk, I said, when I see technical forum debates, I often see a meta argument there that I think other people don't see because I spent all this time thinking about that topic. And I wish someday I could present to a technical audience these ideas. And really, it's just three words. But there's a translation problem because I was talking to urban planning professors of planning theory. And now I'm talking to you. So I've been spending a lot of time the last week and a half learning the language that's used by Debian developers to talk about the issues, what really matters. And I hope I'm translating it well. And I hope I can contribute something intellectually and socially to this organization. So the context is we want to make a policy decision. And the question is, what would be best? And are people familiar with the poster? Maybe it was 2010, where there's a large picture of many processes that eventually become Debian, all the different releases, all the different teams involved, all the periods of time, and stable, and testing, and that kind of thing. And I did have a slide that said this question, what would be best? If we're trying to look through all the things, I like that poster because it's procedural. There are many, many decisions that need to be made over time. Not just about what do we think would be nice, but what do we do now, since we're all so diverse and people have so many different users. Many system administrators have many different kinds of customers. They can't ask those different desktop users and NASA users and military users, people who want cloud implementations and embedded device implementations, they're not going to ask those folks to come to an agreement about what operating system they need. But our system administrators of the world know how to serve these folks. And they know that the products available weren't workable. And they said, OK, we're all doing things very differently. And we have very different political and economic situations that we're working on. But we know that we need to put together something that works. And so that's how I think about Debian, is serving the needs of system administrators done by system administrators. And I know there are a lot more people involved than that. That's just a working hypothesis. So let's say now you need a code of conduct, because not only do you need to know what would be the right software to use, you need to be able to keep your association of volunteers working well together to be able to reason out together what would be best. So you have a code of conduct. And then so one of the meta arguments I see in that is you can't legislate to me to be nice. I'm critical. I have some ideas that are not.  And I want to criticize them. So don't tell me to be nice. I think we lose critical intelligence that way. The other side says, but if you're rude, we ruin our community and there's nothing that we can work on together. And I'm sorry to say that I think that that's an unnecessary polarization of two different ways of looking at it. In Habermas' work, he suggests we add a third category. Instead of just objective issues and subjective issues, we add intersubjective issues. So that's when, so an object issue is, I can state the fact that this is a computer. Someone else can say, it looks like a toy to me. But between us, we can say, is that relevant? Does that matter for this conversation? And so it's this idea of a shared sense of relevance. What's the goal? What would be best? What's normal? You don't see your own sense of what's culturally normal until somebody walks through the room with a different sense of it. Fish don't see the water until they're out of the water and realize they miss it. Promising body language, but I don't see the visualization. Ready for the desktop. So when you want to make an objective, when you want to have a rational debate about objective truths, there are tests that we have for that. People say this is true. Someone else challenges the truth. And there are various tests you can use to verify whether it's true or not. There it's not maybe a practice talk. So that might have been the best intro I could have done. The whole scientific report thing. That's a picture of me on a spinning wheel when I'm 90 years old. That's the title of my dissertation. It also had a long title. That's that beautiful picture I told you about. Very complicated. It was beautiful. Procedural. This is a problem. So use your imaginations here. What I'm doing here is saying that there are three questions. One is the object that three people are in the middle of. One is the black, perhaps three black boxes. One is what is this object, the black box? What goes in, what comes out, the black box? The other question is the black box in my head. Do you know what I'm thinking and what my personal experience is? You can only guess. Oh yeah, there was a little percentage in that window right there. There's a good place. So we have three black boxes. So in order to learn what is inside someone's head is different than understanding what the facts of the matter are. And it's different than understanding what's the most appropriate norm in this context. And so this is the little gooey, this little graphical representation of the question one, the object, objective question, two, the subjective question, and three, the intersubjective question. It's two people's heads. And if you're outside it, it looks very strange. But if you're inside it, you might not see it at all. So one of the questions, in a way, you can say that the topic of the talk is how to be able to decide together what the water we fish will swim in will be, instead of making it invisible. How do we do that together? OK, it's good enough thinking together about this thing. What would be best? Functions about what's right and wrong have been heard. You can't get correct facts. And no one feels recognized and understood or misunderstanding each other. Let's say I'll talk to you about this polarization that I think is unnecessary. And it's OK if the people who showed up here are the ones who care about social issues. Because as we learn to be better facilitators, we can help other people who don't recognize social cues as well learn how to communicate with each other better and help them do that. Because we need them. So the polarization that I'll refer to is we want to both, this is the way I read it, a meta argument, we want to be rational and we want to keep the culture healthy. Be smart, be nice, which is nice. But it is polarized sometimes. Some people think it is. Rationally usually means objectively. And we have ways of testing things objectively, as I was saying. And this comes to northern Europe from a German philosopher named Kant, who talked about getting rid of personal bias and understanding the world, not the way powerful leaders say it is or superstition, but really observing the world as it is. Take away the personal bias and that is a step forward in rational thinking. It's very crucial to the formation of democracy. How do you make decisions without an emperor? And in fact, it works very well for certain kinds of questions. And much of northern European culture, as we have in the Americas, has excelled at it. We can even take an object and put it on the moon. And in general, this is an important part for me for the conclusion, is remember we do this in real time. So we make claims, people challenge our claims, and we try to validate those claims. And most of the people in this room are familiar with how you do that in an objective way. But the community aspects require a subjective impression. So what's going on inside my mind, the world I perceive and experience is crucial for my involvement with the rest of the people around me. I already mentioned this part about the critical intelligence versus healthy community as if there are two different things. And the problem with that is it separates the world into objective issues and fluffy stuff. And the codes of conduct is realized or we need something, so we'll have something to talk about the fluffy stuff. And the arguments about how to write that and the impacts are quite hard work. So Habermas comes to Kant and says, in the context of this, he says, hey, Kant was really important for democracy and let's not jump forward to post-relativism and say there's no way to be visible about anything. Let's go back and argue with Kant and say, how about if we did this way instead? Let's say we also need subjective and intrasubjectivity to be reasonable in these ways as well. Validity, subjective validity and intrasubjectivity validity are also testable. So I mentioned democracy. So in order to put an object on the moon, we share facts, we challenge them, we validate them, and then we can predict and control things. The problem is we also predict and control people and we'd like to change that. What do you do with subjective experience? How do you challenge or how do you test and validate the subjective reports you get from people about how things are working for them? You do that with time. You do that with history. You do that with an older version of the file than I planned on. Okay, so another version of this file has the heads all being question marks and then over time you get to know someone and you know that when they report, this is what I saw and this is what I think, you take it with a grain of salt, you kind of interpret where they're coming from and you're able to use their information in your world. And that only happens through time. It only happens through interacting with each other and being able to report. And I think it's similar to a scientific experiment where in order to report your results you need to tell somebody else what your observation equipment was and how you calibrated it. Otherwise the numbers are meaningless. You have to know who's observing and under what situation with what goals. Similarly, in a social context, and by the way we can just say object, personal and social are the three terms, might make it easier. So what about the social context, the intersubjective context where we have understandings between sentient beings like these socially constructed ideas? It's really similar. If a mundane example I like to use is people who raise children will understand this. We have a table here and three of us are sitting around this table. There are always be norms. We'll always be shared understandings of what's appropriate at this table. And that normal change in the context of when it's a dinner table, it's different than when it's a work table. And we learn these things. So it's not like you can say you want to get rid of all norms and all shoulds. It's more like let's be more conscious of what they are and realize what impact they have on these so-called objective questions. Don't be scared about all those words and try to read them all. But here they come. When we're talking about normative questions they could be any one of these. Have you chosen the right language? Are you speaking slow enough so the person listening to you can understand? Are you being polite so the person doesn't shut down and freeze and stop listening because they can't stand it? Do you really think that you are making a decision with someone who is not part of the communication? So those are kind of language and communication issues. But there are also issues like yes that's the policy but does it apply in this case? Or no that's not the policy but maybe it should be. And we test these things differently. We say what would be the impact on others if we had this be the policy? What would be the impact on ourselves? And how do you learn that? You learn that through history. People report well in my experience when I was in this kind of circumstance this is the impact it had on me and mine and ours when this policy was implemented in our case. And then you can as a human being you think in terms of stories you extrapolate and say oh this might apply to us too. And these things are fairly just normal ways of thinking. The important part for folks trying to make policy decisions together horizontally is that norms are important that we always use them but that we can, I like Habermas's way of saying traditionally received norms versus communicatively achieved norms is this something that might be appropriate in a society that has very young mortality rates where you learn from your father father's father's father you pass things on there's not much time for re-establishing new agreements or you're in a survival situation where you have to have everybody working by the same rules but sometimes you have the comfort and the resources to sit back and say how would we like things to be how would we like to do things better and that's when it's communicatively achieved norms where you get to know each other and understand the impacts of your actions and what might be better in the future. Is anyone holding the time cards? Can I expect one to go up at some point? Yes or no? Thank you. So if I made a three by three table and said one was object, objectivity, personal experience and social context then the other column on I say that's title across the book on one side and the other axis was that's what this one is is make a claim, challenge a claim, validate a claim which we've already talked about here and I personally when I'm teaching facilitation or consensus based project management to community development students I think of these things when I observe a board of directors trying to make a decision together and I see a person mistakenly giving the wrong fact and being attacked as if they're being insincere a liar or when someone it doesn't realize the context they're saying something inappropriate and they defend it because it's true these are unnecessary conflicts that are a little moderating helpful interjection from someone who is recognizing the problem you don't need to be part of the fight but you can help reframe the question something to think about later I don't think anybody needs to figure all this table out right this way so if you're going to do that and be a moderator or to have these kinds of conversations it takes energy, it takes resources it takes time, you need to create a place where it is a safe place to have a conflict where people who have very, very important points to make in a context that's very high stakes that might make a big difference have a safe place to explain their differences in a way where they will walk out alive and be able to pursue what's best for them in the future and continue to cooperate and there's a slide missing in here I wish I had put and that was one of the reasons why I believe that Debian is an appropriate context for the application of this theory is that Habermas was saying that the situation that he had in mind let me get off this slide while I'm talking the context is the action has stopped it's a diverse community of people with their separate interests they've stopped the action and they're committed to using a rational argument to come up with a decision on what would be best in a way that would allow them all to continue their action with less conflict so we have voluntary participation we have a commitment to rationality we have the question of what would be best and I'm really fascinated how Debian does this and it's been really great getting to know folks better and understand how our people are coming from this I added this on at the end after I gave a version of this talk before Seattle New Linux and I didn't offer a conclusion before I just offered a method for thinking about it but actually this week it's been really interesting thinking and I think I have a tentative conclusion for a conversation and maybe what we can say is that social issues do not matter in technical debates when subjective and intersubjective assumptions are clarified when the perspective of the speaker and the social context are the assumptions are understood then we can understand and contribute to the objective debate so think of this use case what is your response if I tell you the answer is 42 from the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy the computer works forever to figure out the answer by the time it comes up with the answer no question anymore so I'm suggesting here that in order to understand the answers we have to understand from what experiential perspective and in what social context what is the goal and from what angle are you talking so again you don't have to read this wall of text you probably will anyway remember from mathematics or physics or any science course you ever took they said clarify your assumptions thank you for the conversation for the mathematician here this week to help me think of how to say this clarify your assumptions so we understand what limited universe domain of knowledge are you talking is this going to be true within what was your goal, what kind of question were you trying to answer all these kinds of assumptions help other people interpret what you're saying they're relevant for their context so another laboratory takes your physics results and says well we have different environmental constraints we can't set up the same situation but maybe if we tweak these factors considering what you did and this observational equipment we'll be able to use your work thank you and that's nice another advantage is that we improve our own assumptions I'm sorry to say that gender issues eat my head and so sometimes if people are getting into gender issues I might decide not to be part of that conversation because I can't think of anything more for days I just start cogitating on it but here's a gender example if you're from a privileged group you have blinders on because other people are taking care of problems for you on hitchhikers guide you know what a set is somebody else's problem somebody else's problem there's going to be an intergalactic bypass highway coming through and so we're going to destroy the earth but and so the spaceship comes down to give the report just for public information just to let you know and it lands in left field and nobody can see it it's impossible to see it's too outside the realm you don't see it and so if someone's been taking care of the rough edges of the world around you all the time and you're like this you don't see the problems other people are facing and that's the problem with the blinders of privilege and so if you make your assumptions known you're going to open yourself up to challenges you didn't have before but it's because you're allowing other people to use your code and then modify your code and suggest improvements on it and feed it back to the same community you're working it's not a very graceful ending but that's really all I wanted to say thank you I was wondering if you had any suggestions for how to when you're having a conversation with someone and you suspect that that you're not on the same frame you're not on the same page how do you start to peel that back to get to understanding what the assumptions are what's a graceful way to ask the other person to you've gone way past and we need to go back kind of thing it's so specific it has to be in the context so the statement of stepping back is good because then what's stepping back you might get a perspective of me talking to you but I get a third perspective kind of objectify it, triangulate it and look at these two people talking and seeing is it a question that they don't speak the same language that they come from different cultural assumptions and each one will be different if they just don't trust each other you can help those two people gain some common ground and understand oh this person kind of understands who I am so if you want to help two people you can help them have some nice social beer together whatever their favorite addiction is something they can bond around have a problem they solve together whereas if it's different and then they can start understanding the different or like what's the agenda topic here is a question what are we supposed to be talking about and then when it's facts of the issue it might be in what context what are you doing with those facts I don't know it's not right thank you I think that your talk is primarily focused on when in situations where you're attempting to achieve a goal of agreeing on a way forward around something either social or technical which is certainly one of the big things that people do inside project discussions but I think there's another one that's become more common as we've all tried to create a more welcoming community which is to have there be a goal of policing the bounds or policing the rules that we want to apply to everyone in all situations regardless and I'm listening to this I'm trying to figure out because I feel like sometimes those two are in conflict like in order to reach an agreement with this one person I need to kind of ignore the way they're presenting things or redirect into a different to a focus on an issue but in order to preserve the overall in which that conversation is embedded there feels like there should be some statement that this is not an acceptable way to present a point how do you reconcile those like in real time in a conversation it feels very hard it's very hard where human beings it's really hard work and the people who are doing it don't always get the benefits so often if I just I decided personally when I was divorced and on my own with no money basically homeless for a month or so that 1979 that I had been building houses in the woods doing construction in a homestead and I was also doing house care and so I looked at all the jobs that were available to me and the boy work using tools and construction and just getting things done was much easier paid better the work of making sure that the crying doesn't disturb somebody's concentration is hugely difficult work and I think that's what happens in a community like this it's one person having an emotional issue with another person and you're trying to get some work done who does the work of trying to smooth that out it's not invisible anymore people in Debbie and now are old enough to have children families and have to take care of each other it's not just a bunch of macho folks fighting it out to be cool I know in poetry circles if people are really quiet when you're done it's a compliment really the intention is that people can think about it and talk about it later and when policy decisions need to be made or when the question comes up when we're doing policy together it will just be ideas results from different people's expectations of expediency we've got work to do we can't talk about this issue now yet it's much more likely in a co-op that people are going to take the time to work out what used to be called the first kinds of dynamics that I think you've described very well what you're seeing is hierarchical situations that don't deal with that are more efficient I think in economic terms we can talk about it in terms of transaction costs if you want to change the way everything is done you're talking about changing the cultural milieu we've been working in for millennia or not or hundreds of years or changing the government or change power structures it's hard work and sometimes you can talk about objective issues and not deal with these things if you have someone just setting this as a context here's where everybody's perspective is supposed to come from go for it give me the results if it's not any good you're out of here too and so that's much more efficient in terms of predicting and controlling a particular domain of things and sometimes that's the best way to get things done on the other hand because we don't have the skills how to make decisions together things that are much harder that don't need to be sought hard I remember someone telling the story of having been trained in consensus decision making in groups like co-ops and then being out in a situation where they're trying to protect a natural resource and having a military force coming up the hill and they look at each other and say thank you we promise we would stay here but because they're good at process they can each say what they thought look and see much concern to address decide what to do and leave and you know they may not have just run anyway but the point is that another story is an elderly man who used to be high position in the ACLU I think he was president in the 50s I forget what era it was but he was in almost 90 when I interviewed him in the 90s so he said that he was hired because of his Quaker background for the ACLU and they said that they used a majority role and he said I'm sorry I don't know anything about majority role I can't help you and so they came up with the compromises they really wanted him and he said I'll tell you what first we'll make decisions together and then we'll vote at the end but because he understood how to do facilitation they always had decisions so the vote after a while they said let's just get rid of this voting thing it takes too much time because they weren't tripping over each other I mean think of how much time it takes for someone to be hurt and for you to have to take care of them you're just bumping off the problem to somebody else that sounds a little bit like what's been happening in the technical committee recently in the technical committee we made more decisions without even bothering the vote than voting in the last couple of years I'm asking are there people who are training each other on how to moderate forum lists list of forums nice to start some people are better at it than others trying to learn from each other on that thank you for your talk you mentioned lots of concepts that I think will take time but I think they're extremely interesting even the difference between traditionally received norms and communicatively achieved norms which you just mentioned in passing as a technical like theory that was part of the literature you write is the difference between something that has always done something we thought about and documented and agreed upon and as that goes we are going from traditionally received to communicatively achieved as we hit corner cases where habits don't work really well or cause conflict and then we think about it and we work out what do we actually want to do and then with awareness of it we go on and move on so thank you for bringing these kind of topics to the table I think it's part of the process of growing up of a community to think on these kind of things I think there's a lot of wisdom in the cooperative movement and I know a lot of people think of co-ops as housing co-ops or food co-ops but in truth in the world internationally most co-ops are operations larger than that I think if it was a nation the cooperative activity would economic activity be the sixth largest nation on earth I might have the numbers wrong but there's a lot of wisdom in there because in co-ops you assume that people can be very different and voluntarily associated and not compelled to co-operate but because you've chosen one thing that serves all their needs they're willing to cooperate on that and that's an economic and they might own a share for example so they might be producers of power they might be co-members of an economic banking and that kind of thing could be healthcare I think there's a lot of wisdom and it doesn't all have to be reinvented you can actually bring in folks that have some of those skills I want to just thank you everybody I've been wanting to talk about this stuff for a long time and I know I've spent a lot of time socially with everyone I might look like just a social butterfly but I'm also someone working on some intellectual questions when I'm talking to you so thank you everyone for being so open with me


Now sad to laugh!  The Western Sydney Wanderers! Safe and secure now for Western Sydney! Look, you'll see a little bit of passion. Maybe not just a little bit. Yeah, quite far. The characters should be interesting.


Corey, overall, how do you assess your first doubting? It was fun to get back out there and have a chance to compete with the boys. I think that all in all, I made pitches when I needed to. I think that there were a couple situations where I fell behind some guys and wasn't able to work my way back in the count. Ultimately, one of them ended up scoring, which is frustrating, but for the most part, when there was traffic out there, I was able to make pitches. It seemed like that one inning, you lost the plate a little bit for a while. How were you able to get back on track? Matt came out, I got a little breather from that and just kind of tried to do what I always do and take it a pitch at a time. Like you said, there was a spurt there where I kind of got away from it, but just kind of refocusing, staying one pitch at a time, and focusing on the next pitch. I think that it's easy to get wrapped up in what happened previously, but really just trying to take that mentality of executing each pitch and then moving on to the next one. Aaron Boone said he thought it was a step in the right direction for you. How would you phrase it? Were you encouraged by the outing as a whole? I mean, I think that there's definitely things that I would have liked to have done better, but I feel like that's probably the case most instances for me. I think that there's positives to take from it, and then there's things to look at and improve on as well. So I think that we'll address this one today, tomorrow, and then move on to the next one. Bruce Beck, do you have the next question?  Yeah, I enjoyed it. It was fun to go out there and compete. Obviously, there was a couple situations where the guys turned some big double plays behind me to get rid of some of that traffic. But more than anything, just to be out there competing was fun. It was fun to have fans back in the stands. Obviously, winning makes it a lot better. Ron Blum, please unmute. Hi, Corey, during the long time out, what was it that you felt out there pitching today that you missed most? Just competing with your teammates. You spend a lot of time by yourself rehabbing, whether it's away from the team when they're on the road or coming in early, doing things before all the guys are in there and you kind of miss that team aspect of it. So that was probably the most fun part of it for me today was going out there with my teammates and competing and trying to win. Go next to Justin Shackle, please unmute. Corey, what was it like working with Gary today against a lineup like this? I thought Gary did good. I think that obviously he had the homerun, which is a big point in the ballgame there, too. But I thought it was good behind the plate, called a good game. They have a lineup that's very aggressive and there are a lot of good hitters, too. And I think that he did a good job calling a game that, in spots, took advantage of that aggressiveness. I think that all in all, it was good. Go next to Laura Albanese. Go ahead, Laura. Hi, Corey, at least from the outside looking in, you're known as someone who can keep their composure, can keep their emotions in check on the mound. But is there any sort of mental challenge from getting back up there after such a long lag? And how do you deal with that? Absolutely. I think that that's one of the aspects of missing time, so to speak, that I think you can't account for is that emotional side of it, the ups and the downs of getting ready for a game, throughout a game, things like that. I think you just have to rely on experience. Keep reminding yourself that you've done it before and go back to the things that have worked for you in the past. That was one of my conditions. Bob Clappers, please unmute, you have the next question. Hey, Corey, I'm just wondering, I mean, sort of piggybacking on Laura's question.  Do you feel like a Yankee yet, or is that a work in progress process? I mean, I feel like I'm part of the team in that clubhouse, I'm not sure how to answer another way. But I think that, like I said earlier, I think that having a chance to go out there and compete with my teammates, when you get 26 guys all trying to go out there and win a ball game, that's a fun thing to be a part of.


As you may know, object authentication can be necessary depending on the threat an object faces. The threat can either be a cloning threat which has a direct impact on business or an attack threat through connectivity to steal sensitive data or to disturb the behavior and the quality of service. As a solution, ST proposes secure elements that are primarily designed to authenticate and attest object identity and one of them is STSafe A110. They are tiny, ultra-secure chips that assess the main processor of the object. STSafe A110 can be mounted in consumable products and accessories to protect against cloning or it can be mounted directly in a connected object to authenticate it. The strength of authentication relies on the level of security of the secret private key. All private keys are generated and provisioned in STSafe A110 in our factory. It is a 100% secured in-house solution audited and certified by external independent laboratories and certification bodies. Also, our secure elements are designed with the latest digital security technologies. These are similar to the ones applied on banking cards and digital IDs. To help our customers develop their solutions using STSafe A110, ST proposes a complete ecosystem. The STSafe A expansion board and associated software that can interface with STM32 nuclear boards, discovery boards, Arduino boards and also Raspberry P boards. The Qi 1.3 wireless charging evaluation board using STSafe A110 to enable wireless fast charging. STSafe A expansion board can be used on an STM32 MP1-MPU discovery kit with an open SSL engine that benefits from STSafe A110 security features. And last but not least, STM32 U5 IoT discovery kit which securely connects to Microsoft Azure cloud thanks to STSafe A110 security features and identity. You can see this working in this demo with STSafe A110 providing secure authentication to the cloud. It also provides diversification to the objects by giving each object a unique ID. For more info on STSafe A110, please visit ST.com.


Kelly what is this? This is the first floppy disk I'm going to try reading with my grease weasel compatible firmware on this feather m4 hooked up to this floppy disk. So I've got flux data and track seeking working and I'm able to get some tracks working like some tracks are reading just fine I'm also getting some tracks where it's like it doesn't see any sector data and I think that's probably because like the flux data format I'm sending or the index whatever opcode I'm sending isn't quite right but for those first few sectors that I do get working the data is good so I'm just going to have to figure out what it is that I'm doing that's slightly wrong but I feel like I'm getting closer at least I'm seeking and I'm getting some data working from the beginning of the disk track.


Areas of individual differences that individual differences have many areas that how many differences individual have and in what areas they have. So areas mean that individual differences you know a person have, a person has because person has different parts of personality and four major parts of the personality are physical parts and mental part and emotional and social. So individual differences always you know exist in these four areas and some other information that we will discuss today that age differences and sex differences in individual differences are very important. Age differences means that students will have variety of difference in terms of height, strength, emotions and cognitive development throughout the age. You know if you think that the person is very intelligent at two years you are feeling that because the child is perceiving things quickly and responding quickly. So you think that he is very intelligent and he can be you know selected for any profession but when he you know reaches the age of four then you see that the child is different, he is behaving differently, he is not perceiving things very quickly right now. So what happened? It can be you know due to the environmental factor or that attitude you were seeing in the beginning in age, now in this age you are not able to see that your perception is wrong. So as age grows, the attitude and attitude difference in the child starts to be seen in front of them and when the children are young then they become totally different from childhood or some children behave just like their childhood. So as they are mature in age, the four factors, the four elements of their personality are physical, mental, social, emotional, they all change. In childhood, a child was very tired at the age of two to four, gradually as he grew and became mature with his age, the difference you were seeing from other siblings was different according to his age, so now with his age, whether it is the two children of four years, but still the difference in his age is now with the age of two or either it becomes more pathetic, the situation of individual difference and it becomes more demanding, some children say that parents are not giving me time, because of which they start harassing you more, whereas the other sister or brother of the same age is quite peaceful, so attitude, attitude, mental abilities and all the differences increase with age and the difference increases. Similarly, there are sex differences, like the girls and boys who are playing in childhood together, there were differences in them too, but as they become mature and they get to know that they are a boy, a girl and they both behave that we are young ones, so because of being young ones, the interaction between them has become different. Now due to individual differences, the two sisters deal differently to the boy, the two boys, despite being in the same age, despite being two brothers, their interaction is different with the females, so you must have seen these differences as well, they are brothers, they are twins, but look at their attitude, how different they are with the people, so gender, that is females, these females are two females of one age and they can also behave differently, and male and female, despite being in the same age, the way of socialization will also be different and their habits will also be different, their liking and disliking will also be different, so gender differences are also quite normal and due to gender differences, all other differences that are found in them are also quite normal. Similarly, intellectual and mental differences are found in both genders, male and female, and they are found in the same gender, even if they belong to one age, they belong to one family, in that, psychology, educational psychology, as it is involved in this, mainly it discusses that the attitude or aptitude to get education is also different in genders, boys are more serious or non-serious, girls are more serious or non-serious, the general aptitude that is seen, boys are more sharp than girls, but until we see the results of the research, we cannot say that they are sharp by birth, because in the environment we give dominance to boys, because of which they are early, they are mature, although they are late mature, but due to this environmental context, girls behave differently and girls behave differently, so these differences are found in them, after that, intellectual differences are found in them, there is an intelligent quotient, yardstick, so the differences that are told in it are that a genius has an IQ level of 140, a yardstick that is kept up to 100 and 110 is average, from 110 to 120 it is intelligent, from 120 to 130 it is very intelligent, from 140 to 140 above it is genius, so the number of geniuses is also less in the world, and below 100 their intelligence will be less, if you go to 50-60 pk, if you have any intelligence, then it is a special child, and if you have an intelligence of 70 pk, then it is a special child, you cannot read it, these differences are special differences, so it should be sent to a special school, so this intelligence yardstick, these are also the differences that are told in intelligence, and since there is a lot of research on it, and after that this intelligent yardstick is made, so it can help out parents and teachers to judge any child in a way, so with these differences, parents should also understand how to deal with children, and teachers should also understand, and in a good way, in a collective way, in the form of a group, it is a challenge for teachers, but they should develop their skills, how to maintain the group.


Call the Monday December 17th regular council meeting to order will the clerk call the Read the code of the day, please Thank you Christmas gift suggestions to your enemy forgiveness to an opponent tolerance to a friend your heart to a customer Service to all charity to every child a good example to yourself respect Thank you Clerk call the roll, please 15 present Cormor's present with Alderman calf being excused Can you all Before we do the Pledge of Allegiance, please join me in a moment of silence for the 26 victims of the Connecticut shooting Let's all rise for a moment of silence Thank you Alderman Lissar will you lead us in the Pledge of Allegiance? Allegiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the Republic for which it stands One nation under God Indivisible with liberty and justice for all Thank you Alderman Hammond minutes. Thank you, mr. Mayor I moved to approve the minutes of the previous council meeting second It's been moved and seconded to approve the minutes of the previous council meeting. Is there any additions or changes? Hearing none clerk will call the roll 15 eyes Motion carries Mayor's appointments Members of the council hereby submit the following appointment for your consideration Heater Federer to be considered for appointment to the historic preservation housing and rehabilitation loan commission to fill the unexpired term of Jonathan Doulson whose term expires for 22 2013 signed by the mayor That will I own City clerk is there anybody for the public forum tonight? Yes this evening. We have two first on the list is milk storm Melt if you could come up to the front, please No, can I have your home address? Yes, it's 1736 Marvin court And you will have five minutes sir. I want to thank the mayor and Sue's department for extending me this opportunity to again address the council and I want to also again talk on the proverbial garbage fee which I paid today Generally, I pay my bills in person and I One of the reasons I do that at the water department because those are some very nice girls over there that are really savvy with their computer system I Still I'm waiting for an opportunity to discuss the finance committee How they ever came up with the idea with a seven dollars and sixteen cents Fee for a one month and now they have reduced it for 2013 to five. I think if I recall Correctly, I had mentioned that a reduction of a little bit more for two dollars or three dollars would be more appropriate from the five I feel that all seniors over 72 years of age who have owned their own home and Some of whom may rely only on social security could receive a waiver or a reduction in the garbage fee I have about One garbage bag a month or a week now this week. I think it's been two weeks I haven't put out any garbage. It's all in a garage yet, but I'm gonna load them up on Thursday With I learned today with social security at my age anybody can make as much income as they want Without having to pay a penalty some good news for Bill That's why we can't help to believe both are rich guys. So what difference doesn't make I? Believe that if you believe what I'm saying that about the richness, you know, you're very gullible too The next thing that I would like to Mention of it. You're concerned is that our neighbors against drugs has closed their books on its organization I was a little disappointed with that But share preview said that we could keep our heads high and be proud for having started something That the now that the police department has taken over and I sure want to thank Chief the Magalski and his police department for the ability they will be of going into neighborhoods and Trying to clean up that the fact I was one of the original volunteers to with Todd prebie and Assistant Attorney Chuck Adams to start the gay way neighborhood Now I've always tried to be neighborly and I think I do that credit to my mother Who had a picture from the Wisconsin a reculturist and farmer on our huge kitchen wall. We had one of them large farms up there and it was a picture of a farmer with a sigh in his hand and he was leaning across the wooden fence and talking to his neighbor and This is what it said Sort of does a fellow good to set and talk a spell to learn how things are getting on and if the folks are well Seems as twirl with wouldn't be much fun without a friend like you then join myself now and then just to talk until And that's what I think when you meet your Police officers that come to your neighborhood Ask be a little friendly and be a little neighbor. I'm sure they will appreciate that very much. Thank you Thank you, Mel Mike can I get your home address, please? You will have five minutes sir. All right I don't know if it's because of the end of the year and end of the budget or if it's the budding of new politics or whatever but it seems to be the fire department is About to be in the news more or less again because of the fact that there's a Proposal first first first study not first study, but there's the mention of a restructuring in ways by Recommending that the new fire the new Firefighters won't be EMTs and I and I don't know this is part of a hybrid Paid-on-call firefighter system, and there's also the old study that asking just for a study Which got shelved but right now you have a couple of different factions going forth with things and I know that and My big question is what what is the future do we have a real plan for the fire department? Or is this just to make a run at them and just politicize it all or Are we going to try to gel around what really needs to get done? And I'm really on this one I'm confused because we keep on bringing it up and it's and it's one of those I think it's time to that we get some more information out there And I know that's what both parties are kind of asking, but I think the discussion has to Really really gel and firm up and that's all I have Thank You Mike Thank You Next we have a public hearing for the zoning map change for use of district classification and for property at 1020 superior Anyone wishing to be heard Anyone wishing to be heard Anyone wishing to be heard all them in Hammond Thank You. I move to close the hearing second and move the second to close the hearing First we'll call the roll 15 eyes ocean carry Consent agenda three one through three twenty two Alderman Hammond Thank You again. I move to accept and file all our O's accept and adopt all our C's and pass all resolutions and ordinances Then moving seconded to accept all our O's Accept and pass all our C's and adopt all resolutions and ordinances under discussion Alderman Bellinger Thank You mr. Mayor. I would like to request that Item number three point one two be pulled and addressed separately Item three point one two. Yes. All right. We'll pull three point one two and vote on that separately first under discussion for three point one two Alderman Bellinger Thank You mr. Mayor. I originally put this request forward and the intent of this To address a previous comment Mike was that I don't want to take a run at the fire department what I want to do is take the politics and The biases out of it and see if we can't come up with a plan a long-term plan for the fire department and I've talked to the chief and In my discussions with him and in his public comments a couple weeks ago At the council he mentioned that the previous two chiefs Have requested a formal study and that wasn't done and he's in favor of of having a study done if it will put all this contentiousness to rest and we can come up with a plan and Actually look at doing some things long-term that would be in the best interest of the taxpayers and what I find Somewhat confusing is How this comes out of the committee with the recommendation to file when all it is is a request for proposal There's no cost associated with this. We all we are doing is putting this out to Recommended Third-party vendors and have them come back and give us a price on what it would cost for a formal study So there's nothing there's no action being done here other than Requesting a price to see what the formal study would be it was it would be my hope that this would You know, we would move this forward We would go against the committee's recommendation to file We would get an RFP going forward and we would discuss and vet the merits of a study of a fire department On the council floor You will see later in the meeting that there are two other documents resolutions That other alderman have put forward coming forth with the fire department. I haven't looked at them in any great depth They may be great ideas. They may not be You know, but that is to be determined, but I would think that a third-party independent Organization that we would contract out to would you know have The expertise to put a plan together for us and then we could look and see if we want to follow Or what steps of that plan we'd want to follow but To shoot down a request for proposal just to get pricing to see what this would cost I find it, you know rather Unacceptable to come out of committee with that recommendation. Thank you Thank you alderman Belliger any other just all them and born Thank you, mayor van Ackerman I Had the opportunity to read it one second all of them and born first there. Thank you I had the opportunity to read over this draft for the request for proposals and then I also had a chance to read over some of the questions that we were going to be asking the The firm that we hired Some of the questions here that we're going to be asked for the company that we hired to evaluate However, there was you know, there was really nothing in here that asked for really any what could we do to for innovations for our Priority department What you know, are we are we costing out for example in a recommended manner? How we cost out the ambulance service how we how we delegate the personnel of the fire department and Cost that out as far as the ambulance service is concerned another question that I would have in there is that financially viable for the City of Sheboygan to continue being in the ambulance business when we're not meeting financial expectations We have a private provider in this town that could provide the service So if I was to vote to go ahead with this I certainly would want a few more questions Than are in here because most of the questions in here that that I as far as I'm concerned are no more than fluff It's going to be garbage in and garbage out It doesn't ask any tough questions along the line that I you know of the ones. I just mentioned. Thank you Thank you Alderman Thank you, Mr. Mayor I think one of the things that confused the committee was because there's no resolution behind this proposal Even the purchasing agent at the meeting when he looked at that he said he was a little bit confused because there was no Actual resolution backing the thing up and perhaps Alderman Ballinger would reconsider and Draw the resolution up and then send it back to committee and it may get better reaction Thank you Alderman vernacore Thank You mr. Mayor just to address some of Alderman Ballinger's concerns from the committee level As Alderman Wongam and stated the purchasing agent indicated that he didn't have a resolution He simply had the communication saying he needed to draft a plan So that's what he did and that's what he submitted to us If the council would like to move forward with a resolution or yourself or others would like to move forward with a resolution Asking him to put that plan into action. He said he would need that so his his request was simply to Come up with a draft of what he would send out. However, he did indicate to the committee He would need a resolution from us to put that into action. So that's why you're getting a motion to file from the committee Is simply that's what we asked him for he's done that he submitted that to us And now we'll put that in our files and again if we want to move forward with that or bring something forward in reference to this We certainly can do so, but that's that's the reason for the motion to file Any other discussion? I heard somebody beat, but it didn't light up Alderman Lussard. I think another reason why this was voted to file is the cost involved in this particular study is going to range anywhere between a hundred and a hundred and fifty thousand dollars and It is not my recommendation to approve it Also, there has not been a study done on any department in this city There's been a study on the HR department in the county. I don't know why we're singling out the fire department Doesn't make sense to me. So if you're going to be doing studies, I'm still going to stand behind Every department should be as scrutinized as the fire department and we don't have the hundred and fifty thousand to pay for the study to begin with And I don't think that we would move on recommendations if we needed more firemen or if we needed more fire equipment I don't see you. I don't think you'd find a vote in this this some council to approve that So I would not support this Thank you. Any other discussion? Any other discussion? Recommendation is to accept and file the committee report clerk will call the roll on 312 Ten eyes five nose The motion carries how we'll be voting on the rest of the consent agenda one three one through three twenty two Is there any discussion? Clerk will call the roll Fifteen eyes Motion carried for one through four eleven will all be referred I'm sorry Or one, thank you Resolution from the development manager requesting the a-street boat launch closure be extended to June 15th 2013 all them in Thank You mr. Mayor move to accept and file Then move them set second to do except in file. Is there any discussion hearing none clerk will call the roll 15 eyes motion carried now for two through four eleven will be referred I've won resolution by Alderman Hammond ordering 2013 budget appropriation for the city water utility Alderman Hammond Thank you again. I first off would move to suspend the rules. Okay, it's been moving second to suspend the rules Any discussion under suspension? Green on vote on suspension only 15 eyes Motion carried Alderman Hammond. Thank you again. I move to put the resolution upon its passage back It's been moving seconded to put the resolution upon its passage. So any discussion? See none clerk will call the roll 15 eyes option carries Five two we're gonna hold through four seven two five three through five five Two all be referred Six one report from salary ingredients recommending extending Residency requirements Alderman Thank You mr. Mayor Do we need to spend for that so we're not was that the other one I was looking at I'm sorry What do we need to spend the rules for that one or not now and can go? Okay, I'd move that report a committee be put on this passage and accepted and stopped it's been moved in Second seconded to have the community report be accepted and adopted. Is there any discussion? Here none clerk will call the roll 15 eyes motion carried six to Report a committee from law and license you can recommending denying taxi cab driver license 94 90 94 91 Mr. Mayor move the RC be accepted and adopted It's been moving seconded that the committee report be accepted and adopted all in a band of we under discussion Is Regina Ramirez here this evening? She's not here. We did invite her to two meetings and she did not appear before the committee Is there any other discussion? Hearing none the clerk will call the roll 15 eyes motion carries Six three reported committee from law and licensing recommending denying taxi license number 97 89 all them in van will They can move the RC be accepted and adopted It's been moved and seconded that the RC be accepted and adopted under discussion all them invented is Chantel Bergen here this evening She's not here same situation. She was invited to our meeting two different times and she did not Thank you any other discussion You're none clerk will call the roll 15 eyes motion carried Six four law and license and you recommending denying beverage operator License 79 34 all them in van to win. Thank you. I move the RC be accepted and adopted It's been moved and seconded that the RC be accepted and adopted under discussion all them invented will is Eric Schrader here this evening He is not same situation Invited twice and did not appear Any other discussion Hearing none clerk will call the roll 15 eyes motion carried six five from law and licensing recommended denying taxi driver's license number 7760 all them in van Move the RC be accepted and adopted second It's been moved and seconded that the RC be accepted and adopted under discussion all them invented is Brenda Valerio here this evening She is not she also was invited to two meetings and did not appear any other discussion Hearing none the clerk will call the roll 15 eyes Motion carried 66 report from law and licensing recommending denying beverage law operator license number 9676 all them in van to move Move with the RC be accepted and adopted Who's seconded that the committee report be accepted and adopted under discussion is Hannah Gustafson here this evening She is not and Same thing with her. She did not appear the two times. We invited her any other discussion Hearing none clerk will call the roll 15 eyes motion carried six seven report from Law and licensing recommending taxicab license number 97 91 All them in van to move with the RC be accepted and adopted It's been moved a second that the RC be accepted and adopted under discussion is Angel Angel Estevez here. She is not same thing did not appear to both of our meetings Thank you all them in van to move so any other discussion Hearing none clerk will call the roll 15 eyes motion carried six eight recommend the Committee report from finance recommending authorizing to borrowing up to three million dollars for the sale of water utility bonds all them in Hammond Thank you I moved to accept and adopt and put the resolution upon its passage. Okay, then moved in Seconding to accept and adopt the committee report and put the resolution upon its passage. Is there any discussion? Hearing none clerk will call the roll 15 eyes motion carried six nine a committee report from finance transferring Appropriations in the 2012 budget all them in Hammond Thank you and move to put the report a committee accepting to adopt the report of committee and put the resolution upon its passage It's been moved and accepted to it's been moved and seconded to accept and file the committee report and pass the resolution Is there any discussion? Hearing none clerk will call the roll 15 eyes 7-1 ordinances introduced all by Alderman Heidemann born long a man of many in municipal court related to sewer and sewage disposed Alderman Heidemann thank you mayor I didn't need a motion to suspend rules second. It's been moved seconded to suspend Any discussion on suspension only the reason we need a suspension is so that he can set the rates before the first of the year And the budget had to be passed Thank you on suspension only we'll take the vote first 15 eyes Now we need to motion on the Ordinance I moved the resolution resolution be put upon its passage second been moved and seconded at the ordinance be put upon It's passage all any discussion hearing none clerk will call the roll 14 eyes Ocean carries That's okay We'll put you on 7-2 on orange from Alderman racelor Many in the municipal code relating to residency of department heads all in a racelor. Thank you. Mr. Merritt asked if we take seven two along with five two and Motion to suspend the rules second I Think we need to pass the resolution first. No, we need to pass the ordinance first But you're looking to pass you're looking to do the suspension on both Yes So we're gonna Okay, any discussion on suspension only Suspension on the rules on both items Okay. Oh, thanks Sorry Joe a 15 eyes For 7 2 I'd move that the ordinance be put upon its passage Second it's been moving second to the ordinance be put upon its passage under discussion all the more Thank You mayor van Akron. I don't have enough. I don't have a problem with these extensions at all, but I Thought we had I thought we already had something on the books for an extension Was that just a resolution attorney McLean and now we're changing it to an ordinance or what was the status? Because I know we came up with this a couple of years ago When our well a couple of department heads had difficulty selling their houses, which we certainly could understand The current there's current ordinance for department heads That requires residency for those that are appointed by the mayor and confirmed by the council There was a provision a couple years ago that provided for one 90-day hardship extension. Okay, and There's a need to go beyond The one 90-day hardship extension. So this would provide for Additional extensions at the council's prerogative for 90-day periods without limiting it to just to one. Thank you Any other discussions that answer your question? Yes, it does. Thank you clerk will call the roll 15 eyes She carried now the resolution Alderman Raceler thank you. Mr. Mayor under 5-2. I'd move that the resolution be put upon its passage It's been moved second on 5-2 that the resolution be put upon its passage So are any discussions? I just have you re-vote for a suspension on 5-2 So I can have a record Well, I've got them on separate slides, so we're gonna vote on suspension on 5-2. Thank you for the record Okay, 15 eyes Motion carried now that suspended will take the motion Yep to pass for passage There's no discussion clerk will call a roll and 15 eyes Motion carried by through for 5-5 will be referred 7-2 7-3 7-4 and 7-5 will be sent to public protection and safety rather than public works, right Yes Matters laid over RO and general ordinance 38 12 13 amending the zoning map for a location of 1020 superior Avenue Hammond Thank You mr. Mayor. I'm accepting file the RO and pass the residence or pass the ordinance It's been moved second to accept and adopt the RO and pass the ordinance. Is there any discussion? Very none clerk will call a roll 15 eyes motion carried 8 to general ordinance from all room of an act and Carlson I had him in Lassard and wongham in amending the municipal code to bring up to date with state code changes all of them in Thank You mr. Mayor. I would move that the general ordinance be put upon its passage back It's been moved in segment that the general ordinance be put upon its passage. So any discussion? Very none clerk will call a roll 15 eyes Motion carried others matters turning clean 9.1 is an RO by the city clerk submitting various license applications for the period ending June 30 2013 and June 30 2014 That will go to law and licensing And 9.2 is the resolution directing the strategic fiscal planning committee to meet and establish goals objectives and timeline for the 2014 budgeting process and beyond To strategic Before we go and we're going to go into closed session. I don't think we're coming back after Wish everybody happy holidays Both in the community and on the council floor and Alderman Hammond Thank You mr. Mayor move to convening the closed session on the exemption provided in section 19.851 E Wisconsin statutes for the purpose of deliberating the possible sale of property public property We're competitive and bargaining reasons require a closed session It's been moved seconded to go into closed session. Is there any discussion? Your none clerk could call the roll 15 eyes motion carry will take a five minute recess and come back into closed session Okay


Why was Freedom Kids the video behind me on this channel? A five-year-old and a four-year-old? Isn't that too young to be making money and videos on YouTube? Well, no, because have you heard of Eventube HD? Look at how many subscribers he has! That is an eight-year-old professional toy reviewer. He started when he was five years old. And now he has a channel with over 1.2 million subscribers. He has videos that have millions of views, and all he does is focus on toy reviews. A kid reviewing toys for kids. Have you ever thought of that? Do you have children that are in that age range? Are you parents who you think could help your children get started early in a YouTube career? I think so. And not just for my kids, because those two girls were my daughters in the video, Freedom Kids. It's also for all you parents who have children who think they may enjoy making videos, playing with toys so you film them, and then upload videos to a toy review channel. Here is another toy review channel that gets so many views. It's amazing, and all they do is they unbox toys. Did you know we have a toy channel? Check it out at youtube.com slash toys. That is an experiment. We're trying to see if we can learn the secret sauce for making a popular toy channel. Same with Freedom Kids. That is an attempt to see if we can help you parents who have kids grow by encouraging your kids to make videos reviewing toys. Singing. Did you know that many singers who are successful today began on YouTube at a very young age? That's where we want to help you grow, so we all grow together as a family, the Freedom Family. That is the spirit of freedom. And who am I? I am George, CEO and founder of Freedom, and you've been watching, and we will grow together as a family, because this is the Freedom Family. You are part of it. We are all part of it, and we're all growing together. So grow with us and partner with Freedom. That play now button right there on the video bar is all you need to click to get started.


All right, good afternoon, everyone. Now we are going to start our session. The session is titled, Implementing Private 5G Networks for Enterprises with Kubernetes. I'll introduce myself and then hand it over to Christian. I'm Amar Kapadia. I'm part of a startup called Arna Networks. I'm Chris Jagirbna with Mirantis. I've been with Mirantis for the last 10 years, which is pretty long in IT terms. So I come from the cloud platform side, and as we are strong in Kubernetes now, I'm also taking over Kubernetes duties. I'm the manager of the architecture team, but do more architecture than management at the moment. All right, so let's get started. So first of all, what is private 5G? So whenever I say 5G, people start thinking about the phone. You start thinking about, when can I get my Netflix movie? How can I download it faster? So private 5G is not that. Private 5G is a non-public network used only by one organization for its own purpose. So in that sense, it's a captive network. And as I'll show in the next slide, private 5G is especially suited for sensitive traffic. And actually, just one more point on the preview. So it is expected that private 5G will accelerate digital transformation hand-in-hand with edge computing. And what it will do is it's going to be, as I'll show in the next slide, the ideal network to connect edge computing applications to end devices. And you see some of the segments, you know, 20% to 30% productivity in the factories and industry 4.0, tremendous water savings in agriculture, health care, 305 billion saved through these technologies. So now why is that? So we can go to the next slide. So private 5G has a number of technical attributes that makes it especially well-suited for these types of sensitive applications. And honestly, I would say it's the first wireless technology that is a legitimate replacement for wired ethernet. And by the way, private 5G does use the same underlying technologies as public 5G. So you get economies of scale and you get all the innovation from the public 5G networks that can be used for private 5G. Just some of the key points on private 5G, there's actually more. Of course, it's faster data rates. I'm going left, ultra-reliable low latency. That's another key feature of 5G. So you get end-to-end latency of five milliseconds or below 99.5 lines of reliability. As I'll show in the next slide, it's all software-driven, so you can deploy 5G in minutes. Energy efficient, there's technologies like beamforming. So you get energy efficiency, 10% of current usage, support for IoT million devices per kilometer square, 100x increase. It's more secure. There's a concept called network slicing. So you can put multiple workloads on the same private 5G network. So these and many more are the reasons why private 5G is going to be so effective. Now, what is the connection with Kubernetes? You're thinking this is a network. Why are we at a KubeCon event? Well, there's a good reason. If you look at the before picture, that's how networks used to be built. So if you look at the predecessor to 5G, which is 4G or LTE, you would have boxes. And these boxes would be fixed function appliances. You would cable them up, and now you have your network. And then you would have a management layer on top. That's not how current networks are going to be built. The current networks are going to be built on Kubernetes clusters that are sitting on commodity server switches and storage. And the entire network is containerized. So other than the radio, which is a physical piece of equipment, your radio area network, it's all containerized network functions. 5G core, again, containerized network functions. Edge computing applications, they are containerized applications. And what you have on top is a service management and orchestration layer that manages these network functions and applications across hundreds or thousands of clusters. So that is how private 5G networks will be put together. And now I'm going to hand it off to Christian to talk about some of the challenges and then get into Kubernetes in a lot more detail. Okay. And I can flip. So why is it difficult? First of all, networking is always difficult. I think that most of you would agree with us. But in this case specifically, we have a number of additional components that need to be considered. We have authentication in this network. If you were to build this, everything like this could be built from open source components that are available. The downside to this is that it is going to be rather, let's say, a daunting task to do. We have the 5G application itself and we have always in network context, we have very stringent requirements in terms of reliability, security, uptime, time to repair, all these SLA adherence and all these have to be considered in a build like this. But let's start on the very other side. How can you as a new private 5G engineer try this on your own and figure out whether it works for your environment? So what we are going to show you today, including a short demo, is built on a very small Kubernetes cluster for the 5G application orchestrator, which is in its simplest form, a single node that is doing everything. The rough requirements are 16 virtual CPUs, 32 gigabytes of RAM, 80 gigabytes SSD. It could be on a cloud somewhere in the cloud. It could be on a hardware device, but meeting those minimum requirements is certainly going to make your experience better. What you also will need is that 5G radio that I'm described earlier. This is just a piece of equipment that has either net on one side and 5G radio antennas on the other. And we will need, if we build multiple edge clusters for this, we will need multiple radios, but you can try it out with a single one if you really want to test it that way. The servers are industry standard. The core needs to be x86, but the edge clusters can be on ARM technology. So storage and networking, also there's a storage component to this, of course it will be necessary to save persistent data for the environment. Networking for the 5G network functions that is also managed by the AMCOP platform. And if your network functions may need data plan acceleration for test purposes, this is not necessary. The software side, you could put it all together manually or I personally do not have a lot of patience and I definitely do not have a lot of time. So using a component that is already available that I can download, that I can deploy on my Kubernetes clusters will make my experience, my personal experience a lot better for this. And I'm also not in the business of creating 5G networking, so it is in my best interest to use something that is already available. The orchestrator that Amal mentioned at the beginning is also running on Kubernetes and the way to deploy it is very simple. I really liked it when I saw the deployment in that this is only three components that are deployed one after the other in the right sequence and built the whole application out of the box. You know how complicated network orchestration can be to deploy, so this is actually, this was a very good experience. This also, this product is open source, so it is possible for you to, it will adhere to your open source requirements for your environment. Now let's step it up a little bit. If we were to deploy this on more than just that node, you would have to consider a whole bunch of other things. This is, let's say an example that I put together. You have multiple sites, you have a data center where you are running your core, you have a factory, you have multiple factories, you have office buildings, you may have 5G orchestrate, 5G edges in, for instance, public places. So this is, if you try to do this, all this, you have to have some sort of orchestration behind it. I put MCC, container cloud in there because this is what I would use if I was to try this out because I know it well and it will do well as a orchestrator for a number of Kubernetes clusters. You could use a different underlay, but this is what I would consider if I was to build this. The other thing on top of all that is MCOP, this is the actual 5G orchestrator, that will then take the Kubernetes clusters that I have built from my container orchestrator and will orchestrate the 5G network components on there. And each of those, you have to imagine because I didn't want to make it too complicated, you have to imagine each of those 5G Kubernetes applications again has a connection to this radio for the local environment. Is it possible to run more than one radio of a single edge or can you only run one radio? You can do multiple, so you can have different ratios. If you had like for instance a factory building and you want to have antennas across the whole building, you can have multiple antennas that are running all of one Kubernetes cluster. So yeah, some of the questions that I asked my customer for enterprise grade deployments and they of course apply here too. The one, the most important one in my opinion is life cycle management. If you do not solve that properly, this is going to be an unending headache because you have, especially with Kubernetes which still moves very fast, you have constant updates coming along and if you cannot do this in an automated, reasonably automated fashion, you will have a lot of work on your hands. Additional components. One component is a single sign on if you have many Kubernetes clusters and you have antennas running those, you will not want to have to local login on each of those Kubernetes clusters. Imagine you have 200 Kubernetes clusters and you have to locally manage every one of them. So this is a sort of a picture of what an enterprise environment would look like. And yeah, the key point. Why is my microphone sounding so different when I'm standing here? Anyway, one of the key points is suitability for the required and desired use cases. Yes, you can build all kinds of things but the end result of what you are going to be measured on is going to be how well it does for your business. So if you are building, let's say, a 5G network, I could build a beautiful one from scratch but I would have blown all my financial and reliability goals. But so basically make sure that it fits your business well. So from my experience and I've done this for a lot of customers, we have always have three options of building an environment. We can build the desktop's way which typically is the worst outcome. But if you scale out, it is good when you do only a couple of clusters. If the larger the environment becomes the more difficult it becomes to manage. You could do a plant in-house design which typically has the problem of having a very long lead time until you can actually deploy it. And this is also going to be a business problem. And then you can have the commercial solution. A lot of people do not like to hear commercial but in reality if you buy a commercial solution, you are sharing your development costs and development times with other people who are also buying the solution. Okay, so when you're looking for this 5G solution the first thing is I would talk to my stakeholders and put together the requirements from all stakeholders and figure out how and how I want to do this. If you're going to go this way, the MCOP way, this is going to be a very quick start for your organization and I think that this is going to be something that you should seriously consider. If you do not do this, and I think some people, some companies, people who are in here have the critical mass to build a solution by themselves, make sure that you have an answer for all those enterprise items because this is what you're in the end are going to be measured on this. In a couple of years nobody is going to remember how much less it cost initially but they are going to crucify you if you are down four to three days in a row and you will not be able to build this, especially in a network environment. Okay, so we talked about the Kubernetes layer and a lot of actually what Christian said applies to other layers in general but we talked about the Kubernetes layer. Then if you remember from my picture you have network functions, you have the RAN and the core and then you have service orchestration on top. So what is orchestration of Private 5G? So we can talk about it by functionality and by type. By functionality it is orchestration and day zero configurations. Orchestration and day zero configuration is just initial, initial deployment of all these network functions and setting them up. But then like Christian said, day zero is just the beginning, right? The real challenge is day one, day two configuration and life cycle management. So that's another thing the orchestrator has to do. Then you get into collecting analytics from your network functions, the Kubernetes layer and potentially even the hardware platform underneath and then what do you do with those analytics? There can be logs, metrics, events, alarms. So what do you do with that? There are two things you can do with that. One is open loop automation which means you display it on, visualize it on some dashboards and if there's a problem you open tickets and then you have human beings looking at those dashboards and tickets and doing something about it. The other technique is called closed loop automation where you have a machine deciding what to do, a machine learning model or a big data analytics application microservice. It looks at the collected data and through a policy engine drives an orchestration or a life cycle management action automatically. So that's what an orchestrator means. Even though we call it an orchestrator it's actually a lot more. The second thing is by type. So even though today's talk is private 5G you could be doing public 5G, public 5G architectures are actually quite similar and that's a good thing because in private 5G we want to leverage all that innovation in economies of scale. Private 5G, RAN, Core, we talked about but there's other things you could be managing as well. Like the transport, UE stands for user equipment. So it could be, normally we think about the phone but in a private 5G setting it could be a HoloLens, it could be a drone, it could be a robot, it could be IoT. You might have to configure a gateway, private 5G gateway that goes from Bluetooth to 5G or something like that, SDVAN. Edge computing applications have to be managed. So AR applications, retail applications, machine learning, whatever the application is edge computing. The infrastructure underneath, so it could be hyperscaler, it could be AWS local zones or Google distributor cloud edge or Azure stack edge or it could be private. And then there's a concept called network slicing where you split up a network into multiple for different workloads. So that's the role of an orchestrator. What are the new requirements? So orchestrators have been around forever but why is it different for private 5G? First of all, cloud native. So fortunately, everything is moving to cloud native. You have cloud native network function, cloud native applications. Occasionally we have some virtualized network functions, VNFs, but Kubernetes can handle them through technology such as Cube Word. So not a problem. Diversity, you have network services, infrastructure, edge computing applications, you have to manage all of this. And I would say the biggest item is the scale. You could have tens of thousands of sites, dozens of vendors and it's super dynamic. The edge and it's super dynamic. 5G, private 5G is going to be super dynamic. You're going to be updating, replicating, migrating, spinning up, spinning down all the time. So that's what creates new challenges. Role of open source. Mirantis and Arna, we are both huge proponents of open source. And I'm not going to go through this. I think if you're here, you're familiar with it. But maybe just the first point, open source is increasingly the reference implementation for open standards. And so you'll find that open source is often at the bleeding edge of implementing standards. Of course, reduces vendor lock-in. You can influence open source projects. Open source projects are more secure. You've heard of this before. So these are not some, these are projects you may not have heard about or you may not be familiar with, but these are actually all Linux foundation projects that pertain to service orchestration. There is MCoEdge multi-cluster orchestration and Linux foundation networking. That's for deploying cloud-native network functions or cloud-native applications across lots of clusters. Nephew is a brand new project. There's a talk tomorrow by John Bellarmic from Google. If you are interested, please check it out. That's to orchestrate and manage heterogeneous cloud and edge infrastructure, network services and applications as well. One app is more of a traditional Telco management and orchestration platform. CNC, if you know. And then Oran Software Community works on OpenRAN. It's taking the radio area network and opening it up. And Arna Networks, we take some of these projects and create the orchestrator that you will see in the demo. Then I think it is time for the demo actually. So, yeah, so maybe while you're bringing it up, I'll quickly describe the demo. So, today I'm going to show you the process of onboarding feedback. Okay, so maybe, yeah, let me just give quick context before we play it. I think we have time, right? Yeah, we do. So, normally, spinning up a private network would take you months. You would have to order the boxes and then once they come in, a specialized personnel would have to hook them up, configure them. It's literally months. What we are going to show you is going to be in minutes, we are going to spin up one component of the private 5G network. We are not going to spin up the entire network, but we are going to spin up an important piece called the 5G core using an open source 5G core. This demo can easily be extended. We could orchestrate the RAN as well. And so, within five minutes, you would have the entire private 5G network up and running. So, today you'll just see a piece of it. Publication using RAN networks in the T-Coaster orchestration platform. You can't hear? You can't hear. Is it hooked up to the speakers? This is, oh, this maybe. Okay. Let's see whether this will work. So, first of all, let's download it. USB, maybe. Yeah. Okay, then let's try that. I'm going to wait real quick to see whether we can get the... The process of onboarding the 3.5GC application using RAN networks multi-cluster orchestration platform and then orchestrating the 3.5GC under Miranti's Kubernetes engine. So, first of all, let's explore the environment a bit. Let me show you. So, this is in key cluster provisioned with the help of MCC, Miranti's container cloud. It consists of five nodes, three masters and two workers. Each machine has eight vCPUs and 16GB RAM. Operating system is Ubuntu version 20.04. Also, you can see the QBled version here. And also, for now, there's no workload in default namespace, as you can see. So, now let's jump into M-COP dashboard. I've already onboarded this in key cluster. Let me show you quickly. So, we can skip this process and proceed with the deployment of 3.5GC. So, first of all, we need to add tenant. Let's put the name 3.5GC, click Add, then expand the tenant. Then we need to add a logical cloud. Click on Create logical cloud. Let's put the name 3.5GC, for example. And also, we need to select our cluster here. Click Create. Then we need to add service. Click on Add service. Let's put the name 3.5GC as well. Add application, 3.5GC also. Click Add, expand. And here, we need to add our tar files for the health chart of 3.5GC. We can just drag and drop. And also, we need to add the configure write file here. So, after that, we need to click Submit. So, we created service. And let's then create the service instance. Click on Create service instance. Let's put the name 3.5GC as well. Service 3.5GC, select logical cloud. This one that we created previously. Service version should be V1. And also, we need to put version V1 here too. Click Next, expand it. And here in Select clusters, we need to select specific cluster type and select our cluster. And click Submit. So, then we need to instantiate service by clicking at this cloud with arrow button. Click OK. Service instantiated. And so, we can see the deployment process here. But let's jump back into terminal and see how deployment is going. So, as you can see, the pod is starting right now. So, let's wait a bit. Also, we can do this. Yeah, so for now, everything is up and running. The application is healthy. So, that's pretty much it. Thank you. I have to thank my colleague, Roman Kuzmin, for creating the demo. He was very quick about it. And I think he did a great job to visualize this. So, to reiterate from simplicity here is a key factor, being able to spin this up in a very short amount of time. On commodity hardware, the only thing that you really need in addition to your commodity hardware are those radios. It's a major advantage, both in terms of manpower and in terms of time until your 5G network can be operational. Of course, we all know that this is not going to be quite as simple as it sounds. It is going to take some time to procure the radios. But it is going to be on average a lot faster than buying those proprietary appliances and wiring them up. And then building the environment on that. And especially when the time comes around to do something new, let's say 5GC, a free 5GC is replaced by some other new component that is better. If you have a new appliance, you have to go back and you have to pay another 50,000 bucks for that appliance. In relationship to this, we are basically the same orchestrator will be updated to allow you to deploy this new component and replace the existing component. So just from the standpoint of being able to follow technology quickly and to build something that is both stable and flexible, this is, I think, this is a very good choice. Thank you. All right, thanks. Thanks, Christian.