Hello and welcome to today's very special event webinar. Today we're launching our new video conferencing platform. This platform has been designed to help you and your teams connect faster and easier. And when it comes to virtual collaboration, there's really nothing else like it. So today we're going to pass it on to Kurt Duesen who's a sales manager at RedBat conferencing and many of you may be familiar with him. So without any further ado, how are you today Kurt? Yeah, good, thank you Sarah. A great introduction. Thank you very much and welcome everybody to the first webinar in our new product launch for CIVO which is a cloud-based video conferencing product. What we'll cover today, we'll spend some time before we get started really and clarify what we mean when we say cloud with respect to video conferencing and that really will then provide the basis for us to spend a short amount of time talking about the different types of video conferencing and then on to the case for cloud video before we get into what we're here to see which is a little bit more information around the newest addition to our collaboration suite which is now telephone conferencing, web conferencing and video, cloud-based video and some of the really cool things that our tech team have been working on with the folks at CIVO to bring you quite an exciting product. Moving on, let me get the next slide for us. Okay, so let's start first with what cloud video conferencing is not and that it's not a hosted video bridging service. So to talk about quickly what a video bridging service is, it's often where servers are hosted elsewhere and supported or managed by a third party and some of you who have video conferencing hardware endpoints, boardroom video conferencing, the likes of Polycom or Cisco, Tanberg or Lifesize may have video bridging service providers. So this is what we are not. Those video conferencing service providers may or may not go out through or provide their services over the public internet and typically it's scheduled, it's fairly expensive, it requires plenty of notice, it's managed by someone else and you need to have the Polycom or the Tanberg or the Lifesize video conferencing endpoints. So I'm mentioning what video conferencing or cloud video conferencing is not. If you're hoping I was then going to give you a definitive answer to what it is, you might be disappointed because it is a very mixed or no one definition kind of term. I must have really wanted to make that point because no one definition is in there twice. But what cloud should do is it should support your endpoint and when I talk about your endpoint, I'm talking about any video-enabled device. It should support any video-enabled device and I put BYOD there. Bring your own device. It's typically hardware free although there are a number of solutions now that are a hybrid where I can buy a server. I can buy video conferencing equipment from the manufacturer. Get all of the video bridging is done in the cloud in order to bring about the benefits that cloud video bridging have. Recently, earlier this year, I attended a unified communications and collaboration conference in San Francisco and a term that was brought up by Wayne House Research who are a leading global research organization around collaboration services. I thought it was a good one to share. A cloud video service is commonly a hosted service by technology in numerous locations that work together to create a single coherent service fabric and that is exactly what the Sevo cloud product is that we've installed here in Sydney. So transitioning over to the case for the cloud, the great thing about cloud video conferencing, good cloud video conferencing, is you can choose your own endpoint. So many of you already have link. You have Android devices, iOS devices. Some may even have boardroom Polycom units or boardroom Cisco Tanberg units. It doesn't really matter. You can use any endpoint to connect with anybody else on any other endpoint. Cloud video conferencing is also about outsourcing the reliability, the scalability and the redundancy challenge to an outside provider. So there's a lot involved in putting together a reliable video conferencing solution, being able to scale that to meet the needs of a larger organization and support multiple people connected at the same time and having multiple points of redundancy or failover so that mission critical meetings aren't interrupted. You will achieve the best performance versus cost ratio, if you like. So for the outlay or the cost of your video conferencing, as a ratio against the performance that you're receiving, cloud video conferencing really can't be beaten. The great thing about cloud video conferencing is it's usually browser based or application based. So it's designed for the average user. So I'm getting to the point of ease of use here. So designed for the average user and not designed to need an IT person, an administrator, a help desk in order to support it. So I can connect from any device and it's very, very easy to use. Alluded to earlier, NoCAPX, very much an OPEX model. I can pay as I go and just avoiding that server maintenance, my equipment maintenance other than my devices that I used to connect. So, yeah, there we go. So you don't become a video conferencing company and I think that's one of the big drivers for outsourcing in general is that I don't want to become the service provider of the service I use. Let's put it in the cloud that's have somebody else worry about that and I'll use it on demand as and when I need to. Again, so this here was taken at the UCNC, the Unified Communications and Collaboration Conference. And it was a slide that as a sales manager I really took notice of. It was during the cloud video conferencing presentation and I'll read it out because it's really quite interesting if you're looking at video conferencing products. Despite the focus on video and audio quality, Wayne House research believe the important differences are not in video and audio quality. The key differentiators are around ease of use, convenience, accessibility, the workflow of the service and specifically the attitude of your provider towards solving your problems. And so as a buyer, as people out there consuming video conferencing services, the key questions that you should be asking include how quickly can one start a meeting? How easily can one invite additional attendees and how easy is it for them to connect? And then how well does the service, the video conferencing platform, integrate with the tools that we use every day? I thought that was really interesting because it shifted my thinking as a service provider we were soon to become a video conferencing service provider around the kinds of questions that we think that we're solving. So, asking that question again. Are all video conferencing solutions the same? The questions that we're going to try and answer in the next 15 or 20 minutes, how are meetings initiated? How are video conferencing meetings initiated by our cloud service? How firewall or proxy-friendly is it? Because that's going to have a lot of impact around how easy it is for both yourself as well as those clients, vendors, other stakeholders to join. The client and the software installation, what's involved and where can I get my apps from for my mobile devices? Integration with your existing systems. And then the devices that are supported, which is pretty easy because it's all devices. And is it self-serve? And when we ask is it self-serve, is it easy to use? Or do I need to set up a help desk in order to introduce video conferencing into my business? So, in summary, I think the message that I came away with from the conference and the message that I'm relaying today is that with video conferencing, particularly in the cloud, where it's not based around boardroom video conferencing, is that convenience trumps everything else. If we're going to introduce video conferencing, and I know there's a lot of very expensive video conferencing hardware in boardrooms around Australia and around the world that's gathering dust. So, convenience really trumps everything. Is it very, very easy for my team and the people that are going to be inviting to their meetings in order to connect and get their message across, have their meeting? Okay, so into SIBO. So, now it's time to talk a little bit about some of the unique features and functionality that we have. Some of the things that we've been doing over the past 12 months. We've had this installed here, Amazon in Australia for about 12 months and tinkering away and producing a product that we're now commercializing. So, all very, very exciting. So, for us, answer the question first of how we initiate a meeting. And for those of you that are familiar with Redback or already have a Redback account, you're familiar with the moderator and participant code, which is very much a teleconferencing methodology. But what it means is you have persistent meeting codes. You can connect instantly via either a URL and you can see the URL there, so feel free to visit that and you'll see essentially what the image depicts, a moderator and a participant. What it means is I have a moderator and participant code that is unique to me. It doesn't change. I can have a video conference whenever I like. I can either launch my video conference from an app on my desktop or an app on my mobile device, both Android or iOS, and I conference instantly. So, that does away with the traditional scheduling systems. And that takes a little bit of people getting used to. So, the idea of having to schedule or having to make a reservation is a thing of the past. So, it's answering how I first initiate the meeting myself. I have my own unique moderator code. It's the same moderator code that I use to initiate a telephone conference, same code to initiate a web conference, and as of this month, for our customers, it'll be the same moderator code that they can use to initiate a high-definition cloud-based video conference. The second part of that question that was asked at the Wayne House Research Summit, how easy is it to invite others? And we'll say super easy. So, again, very similar to how I initiate my own meeting, I have a unique assistant meeting ID for a moderator code and I have the corresponding participant code. So, again, similar to the web conference, if you're a customer of Redbacks now, you know how you join your web conference. It's almost identical in that I go to a URL, I plug in my participant code and I connect. Now, because it's an application-driven service, there is a installation to take place, and once I've installed that, I'll have an application on my desktop, and that was the image we saw on the last slide. So, I can open that application and put in my participant code, or I can go to the URL and put in my participant code, and I connect instantly. So, very few clicks, very, very easy. If I am inviting somebody from a boardroom who has a Polycom unit, so that is an H323 or a SIP video conferencing device, and the typical vendors as mentioned earlier are the Polycoms, the Cisco, Tanbergs, the life size. I have what's called a SIP string, and that's essentially an address that's made up of my participant code, like an IP address, and that can be dialed from the Polycom into my meeting room. Or alternatively, if I'm inviting a participant who's sitting in a Polycom-like boardroom, I can simply dial their IP address straight out of my SIVO meeting, and they'll connect and come in as a participant. Joining via the phone line. So, we think this was something that was very, very important in the Australian marketplace. Low bandwidth, people on the move, people in areas where they don't have internet connectivity. I can participate in a group video conference via a phone line. So, I can call in on my mobile, I can call in on my desktop phone, and I can speak and hear the video conference taking place. And I thought with a mention here, and we'll come to talk about this a little more shortly, is single port technology. And what that means is there's only one port required for all video traffic. So, that means it's a departure from the traditional video conferencing network configuration where I needed to open 15, 20, possibly 30 different ports in order to make my video conference work. So, there's no way I could do that without the involvement of IT and of our network security provider or our firewall manager. So, with the SIVO product, it will scan one of five ports. It will scan all five ports, find one that's open and all video traffic can run through that port. So, again, that lends itself to making it very, very easy for both yourself and those that you're meeting with in order to connect and not encounter any difficulties. So, let's discuss some of the specific features that we're certainly excited about. There are a few of them, many of which we didn't see. So, we went out to the market and we asked similar questions around video conferencing platforms. We see ourselves as a best of breed provider. So, we're looking for the best possible product that we can source globally. We can bring that to Australia. We can host our own instance of it and we can then essentially make that available to Australian educational corporates, not for profits, whoever's in need of video conferencing. So, the first one here is what's called multi-monitor support. Now, we can see this in any other cloud-based video conferencing platform. What it essentially means is that I can undock, laptop plugged into another screen or another six screens. I'm able to undock a video tile, which is one of the participants in my meeting. I can undock that, relocate it onto another screen and then maximize it to fill the screen. And at high definition, at 720 or 1080p, which is the definition, the pixels, I get a true telepresence feel in my boardroom that I'm running out of a cloud-based video conferencing software. So, I haven't invested tens of thousands of dollars in endpoints per boardroom. I simply have a laptop with a number of screens and I'm able to get that telepresence feel, as you can see on the left-hand side. For those of you in Sydney, we've set up our boardroom, a video conferencing demonstration lab, you might call it, and so we have six screens on the wall and so anybody interested in seeing that is more than welcome to come to our office and give us a full demo of how that works. Second one here, so SIVO's roots are firmly in the higher education sector. So SIVO was a product that was developed in Caltech University by researchers. It's actually used by a number of universities and higher education organizations across Australia in the world. I'm leading into here the fact that it has multi-desktop sharing. So very much a research or an educational feature but we think that transitions quite well into the corporate world as well. So with traditional desktop sharing with web conferencing there's one panel, similar to the interface that we've logged into now. There's one panel and we would essentially take turns at desktop sharing. So with SIVO, the desktops show up like video windows. So I'm able to share my desktop, the person I'm meeting with can share their desktop, so we can see both of them at the same time. And there's actually no limit to the number of desktops or video windows that we can have. We'll come to that in a moment. So that's quite a funky tool when it is about the content and we're making comparisons or looking at each other's materials. Just on what you were talking about before Kurt, John's got a question and if we can just go back to this. Can participants of video conferencing be a mixture of those linking in via the internet and some linking in by phone as well? Yes. Yes, correct. So bring your own device. If I was to initiate a meeting I would send out my participant code. I could have a link to the applications for either iOS or Android. Actually I'll just provide a link to the URL and on the URL page it will ask to what device they're joining from. Here's a phone number. Here is a link to the iTunes store. Here's a link to the Play Store for Android. Or if you're coming in on the desktop here is just plug the number and then you can join from the URL. Or if you're joining from a Polycom or a Cisco Tamberg here's my SIP string you can join via that. Long way around to saying yes. Yes. Low bandwidth options. So with that any individual participant can control their own individual layout of the meeting room. So you can see on the ones above individual participants come in on their own what we call video tile or window. So in those situations where I have restricted bandwidth I'm able to opt for a meeting room layout that's called we call it a single mosaic and you can see that in the bottom left. Essentially what it is is it's one video window that pulls all all of my participants into that one video window and therefore it's only consuming the bandwidth of one participant. So I can force my meeting or my view into that mode but with SIVO and the technology it also has a patented network detection for low bandwidth and it will drop your video tiles into one single mosaic if it detects that your bandwidth can't support multiple windows. So that is the mode that you see when you log in via a mobile device but it's also the mode that you will default to or you can opt for when you're coming on your PC if you don't have high bandwidth. So it's really, really good out in low bandwidth locations wireless internet and other situations. Recording to a local PC another very unique feature and I think is something that comes out of the higher education roots that SIVO has. So I'm able to record my video conference at the click of a button, very, very easy. It saves the file down to my desktop and then with the icon here I've taken a screen grab of what we call the SIVO player and that's essentially a small software package that I can view my recording. I can make edits to my recording and I can then push it to an MP4 or a flash file or any other file format that I require the final file to be in. So that education presentation application for your video conference is very, very easy to record it. The moderator only can record it. Very easy to record the video conference, save it to my desktop, make edits and then I can upload it to my intranet, to my website or to anywhere else and it's a great easy way to be making video content or for people that have missed the meeting and fit in to tune into it a little later. More on features, one more page of features here. The firewall traversal technology. So I'll talk very quickly about this because I've already mentioned it. SIVO scans one of five ports and one of those ports is port 80 which is your typical internet port that is used by all of your intranet traffic coming to and from your organization. So what it means is that if port 80 is open to internet traffic or so video conferencing traffic then there's no configuration, no special network configuration required by your IT team. So that makes it very, very easy. The other, perhaps I can put a link in here. Again, going back to the education background of SIVO and I'm going to paste the link into the chat box here for anybody who wants more information on the integration with Moodle which is a learning management system. What it allows is for an instructor which maybe I can't, there you go. It allows for an instructor of a course who's using Moodle to launch their video conferencing classroom straight out of the Moodle interface and it pulls all of the reporting back into the Moodle interface so you're able to record or capture or know which students have been in which meetings. Now that's only going to be of interest to those organizations, universities, education, institutes, associations that are using Moodle as their learning management system. And the last two here that we think are quite exciting is the video conference has the ability to move into something that is more akin to a webinar or a webcast. So think town hall, think classroom, think company update where I can have the presenter presenting and they could even be sitting in front of their Polycom unit because the Polycom could be the end point and that can go up to up to 50 participants. And I can introduce cameras or introduce screen sharing from those that are attending as they speak or share content. So we didn't see another video conferencing system that could support up to 50 participants so really quite unique. And the last one to talk about here and I'm sure this is what everybody wants to understand is the commercial models. Having our roots being a teleconferencing business telephone and web conferencing and having the option for no upfront commitment, no contracts, no license models we've made it accessible via the moderator and the participant code on a pay-as-you-go per minute very similar to a teleconferencing model. And then for the what we might call more of the serious user or a someone who's going to use a lot more video conferencing there is the typical license model where I can pay for X number of concurrent connections that are shared across my business. So I can have an unlimited number of users, we can use it an unlimited amount of time for an unlimited amount of time and I'm paying for a number of concurrent connections. And so that's it for me folks on the product promotion piece. We'd certainly love to talk to you more about some of the other unique features more on these if you are evaluating video conferencing at the moment. I think I do have one more slide here which is really a summary slide of the big questions that we can certainly ask for you and that you might want to be asking video conferencing vendors and your assessment of video conferencing solutions. And that is how quickly can you connect how many clicks in order to join your video conference and how many is it to use which can really only be determined by a trial. How quickly can I invite inviting my participants and how will it integrate with the existing platforms that I have or the existing collaboration solutions that I already use. How will it work in Australia where the server is located will it work through my firewall so getting a good understanding of the ports that are required in order to have a fully functional video conference will it work on any device will it really work on both mobile and android what is it are all features and functionality going to work on those mobile devices and what is the end user support so what level of support can I expect from my vendor and evaluating the video or using the video conferencing product and so that truly is it for me now everybody thank you for your time. Okay we've just got a few questions that we're going to go to and I'm also just going to launch a quick survey which is located on the right hand side of your screen so very much appreciated if you complete that. So first of all we've got a question from Ross Kurt so what does the SIP string look like? Yeah sure why don't I put an example in the chat facility here? And maybe if you can just elaborate for people online who may not be familiar with what a SIP string is and then we can all sort of understand their response. Sure sure I'm just finishing typing out an example SIP string here in the chat box so the SIP string will be your participant code so the same participant code that you would use if you were coming in through the browser or coming in through an app at GW for Gateway which is the cloud video conferencing gateway.cevo.com so everybody is the same and that the participant code varies but it's always the participant code at GW.cevo.com Okay great and Ross has also just mentioned that he has life size endpoints So same for all? Well the consideration Ross would be do you have an external IP address for those video conferencing units? Are they able to conference with the outside world or can they only conference with other life size units that you have across your different sites? So can they go out through the firewall can they talk to the outside world if they can then they can certainly bridge to us. Okay great and this is probably a good question from Kelly just moving into the price and slide as well so how will the cost compare between AV conferencing and the teleconferencing options that they already have so maybe we can speak about some pricing options Yeah sure if I'm understanding that question correctly how does the video conferencing compare to the telephone conferencing same price so it is the same permanent participant rate that you have negotiated for your teleconferencing that extends over to your video conferencing so for the end user it takes the cost benefit the consideration around what's this going to cost me out of the equation and they simply use the technology that's going to best fit the requirements of their meeting that day of what they're trying to achieve. Great and for Mary and I might just maybe type something else in the chat box if I don't understand this one correctly Mary so are all calls dependent on a moderator can I ring a phone from one user to another so I'm guessing Mary if your question is asking do you have to be a moderator to start a video conference which I assume is correct Yes correct so similar to the phone or the web conference that you may be familiar with a moderator needs to log in and when that moderator logs in they initiate a meeting so a meeting room is then created that others with a participant code are able to connect to so you mentioned about a phoned island so if I was to be phoning in with my telephone it would say that the conference is not begun yet if the moderator was not there so I joined with the moderator code opens the meeting room and then people on all different kinds of devices are then able to connect. Great and just also on John's question I'm just going to go back to this slide just so we can talk about desktop sharing so when video conferencing is there the ability to share presentations so that all participants can see the same presentations on their screens. Yeah absolutely so that is desktop sharing and I'm just going to highlight here multiple desktop sharing so if only I was to share my desktop then everybody would see what it was that I was sharing going beyond that multiple desktops can be displayed at the same time but yes any desktop that is displayed is viewable to everybody in the meeting room. Okay great and I think another question just based on some of the feedback that was coming through the registration process and also for some people online who have been using web conferencing and teleconferencing for some time now from your experience and from the people who have been trialing the system what are drivers? Why would someone using web conferencing want to switch over to desktop video conferencing? Someone who is using well I think it's people want to see those that they are meeting with. The level of engagement or interaction is the driver or the desire to have a higher level of engagement and a higher level of interaction in team meetings is the driver for video conferencing. Also the requirement to be able to share content and collaborate on that and mark it up and really get the message across I think is one of the big drivers. Being able to have people on the same page to reach decisions good decisions faster would be some of the reasons I would think people are looking to video conferencing. The other thing would be I've got a huge investment in my hardware and my life size and my Polycom or my Tamberg and I need to leverage that and bring people in from mobile devices or desktop make it easier to use and make it more of a universal system as opposed to only being able to connect to other video conferencing hardware boardrooms. Okay good that's a good wrap up and I can see a few more people but just to close off today if you are interested in seeing the product online to obviously see how it works but also see how it can integrate with what you're currently using I've just posted a link and I'll post that again into the chat box but also on the right hand side in the survey please feel free to tick yes please in the last box and then we can hop online with you at any given time and show you how the platform works. Also just a few more questions to wrap up and Kelly, can video participants change the size of each display so for example a particular person or desktop as they wish to view throughout? Can they change the size of a video type? So if I'm a participant on a video conference can I choose whether or not to see a person or whether or not to see the desktop sharing? You'll see all you'll always see all but one of the great things and maybe I can explain this very well is I am able to undock the video window from the application if you like so I've got the application open on my desktop I can undock a person that I'm talking to and it's almost like take them out of the video conferencing application and move them onto another screen so I can always see everyone in my meeting and I can always see every desktop that's being shared but I can take one of those and enlarge it if I'd like to individual and user standpoint so each person in the video conference controls their own room layout or environment Okay that's good to know and just also on people out there wondering as well I think Mark's made a really good point about why video conference the fact that over 80% of communication is transmitted visually is something that I think a lot of people miss with online methods of communication so Joe and Kurt having a conversation just around the app that you're discussing so he's asked whether or not connecting from a smart phone or tablet is available by an app or a web page so you just need to visit the iTunes store or the Play Store and what's that called the app? Oh the app is Civo If you search S-W-E-V-O-G-H there it is right there you can install that from both the iTunes or the Play Store or Android or Apple and it's the same participant code that you would use that you already have I know Joe you're already a video conferencing user with us same participant code you'd use through the browser you can use that through the app Excellent Alright well that brings us to the end I personally would love to thank everyone for joining today it's great to see so many people interested in this product that we're all very excited about I'd like to thank Kurt for hosting today I think we've all been given some great insights into the case for video conferencing and the product itself and we'd like to see you at Future Business Skills Series so thanks everyone for joining keep an eye out for the recording which will be sent in 48 hours and please feel free to get in touch with us anything regarding the product itself pricing if you want to see it online feel free to get us in touch with us at future events have a great day everyone Thank you


Hello, everyone. My name is Jim. Thank you, I was about to ask about that one. This is my first talk. I hope you all enjoy it. This is the anatomy of drug testing. The core of this talk is going to be mainly just going over what's tested for, why it's tested for the specifics of the, how the tests work as a sciences and stuff like that. Now my slides, I don't put a lot of information on them. Honestly, they're just going to be more like notes for me to remember what I'm talking about. I want to start off more on the legal end, just so you get an idea of some of the information. Scheduling is where drugs are set up at on a legal standpoint. Now schedule one is where you're going to find most of your drugs. Pied, heroin, methamphetamines, things of that nature. Schedule one drugs are technically supposed to be drugs that are highly addictive, no medical purposes. They are considered to be dangerous to society, things of that nature. It is not legal to own them without DEA approval. Now schedule two have a slight medical advantage but are still highly addictive and dangerous. A weird example of this one would be cocaine is actually a schedule two drug instead of schedule one. Reason being is cocaine is actually used still as an anesthetic in certain kinds of surgeries. I believe ocular surgeries, they'll still use it on occasion. Now schedule three and four is where you start getting into drugs that are less addictive. They have less social context of causing harm to people. They don't cause physical harm. They're not addictive, things of that nature. You're looking at a lot of like say anti-psychotics, antidepressant medicine for like schedule three, schedule four, your acetophenamine salicylates, you know, painkillers of the lower that you buy at the street, maybe Benadryl, things of that nature. Now onto the actual legal stuff that matters more is the DOT. DOT is department of transportation. This is huge when it comes to drug testing because the DOT will mandatory drug test anyone who operates a commercial vehicle and their rules are where the strictures are. DOT regulations state that the panel has to be at a minimum of a five-point panel, usually THC, amphetamines, cocaine, opiates, and I believe it's going to be barbiturates, possibly. The fifth one can vary from time to time. And some of the rules behind how it has to be done has to be done completely illegally with a chain of custody form, a CSE form. Everything has to be documented properly. The person has to go into a secure location in order to take the piss test. And with a secure location, water cannot be running. You're looking at everything that could potentially have a dispenser is going to be taped off so you're unable to use it.  And then if the DOT person is coming in for a reason other than say a random pre-employment, say there's a recent suspicion, there's an accident, or they're acting a little bit weird, DOT regulations also state that someone in those circumstances is going to have to have an observed collection. First person will have to end up be out of their pockets. They'll have to pull their pants down, pull their shirt up, spin around the circle to make sure there's nothing present that could potentially be used as an alternate sample and then go into the bathroom and still be observed of the urine leaving the person's body and going into the sample cup. Now there's also non-DOT, which is just a still illegally binding, but it's not as strict because you're not dealing with the driving on the roads.  Usually you'll sign the actual container that the urine specimen will be sent into the testing research facility and then you're on your way. Now BATs, breath alcohol, same thing, can of custody, they're not as detailed as the DOT ones. Now these are the ones that the hospitals and the police can both use. They are also legally binding. Someone who says that the breath alcohol is not as specific or accurate as a hospital testing, the hospital that I work for actually uses the exact same breath alcohol machine for our BATs as the police departments in the region I live in. And we have been able to test to make sure that our chemistry machines can test the actual BAC directly from the blood as opposed to the BAC from the breath and they are right on comparable. Now the methodology is here. These four or five, sorry, methodologies are five of the primary ones you're going to end up seeing and they're going to be getting used for your drug testing. EIA and ELISA is one of your most basic. What this is is if you want to think about it this way, think of like a pregnancy test. You're pissing the strip and you'll see like a little bit of a water line moving up and if there ends up a colored line forming, then you're pregnant. These work off that same principle. It's working with antibodies and enzymes and things of that nature. What's going to end up having, where that little line is, there's a strip of antibodies attached to the filter. And when the drug, let's just say THC, passes over that line, the THC will bind to those antibodies. Now there's also antibodies that are at the very base where you actually put the sample on that are filtered out and those antibodies will bind to a different part of the THC molecule. So what you end up doing is you end up getting this antibody right here and then you have your THC, this is on the actual cassette and then the molecule holds on the right here and then another antibody will grab on the right here. The top of that antibody is made to be colored. So that if all these THC molecules end up attaching, then what colors, these secondary antibodies will attach to that one. It's like a sandwich of antibodies and these molecules allowing there to be a defined line. Obviously if there's a high level THC or whatever drug you're testing for on there, the line will become very, very thick and dark, whereas there's a very small amount, it would be a very faint line. It's only a qualitative test though. I mean it's not going to give you a definitive number like you're not going to have, no you have 15 milligrams per deciliter of a sample on that one. For that one you'll need the other four. The next one is spectrophotometry. Spectrophotometry is used in actually not only drug testing but is a major testing style of most, well I won't say most, but of many of the different kinds of tests that the hospitals will be running. I mean this thing will test your levels of potassium, it will test your levels of different drugs and also different enzymes and proteins that are found in your blood, urine, and other body fluids. Now the way the spectrophotometry works is you have, well with where I work we use what's called a dry slide that's a newer kind of spectrophotometry. It's just now starting to become increased and what happens is you take the slide and the machine will dispense say like five microliters of specimen. It'll dispense it onto the slide and the slide will have filters in there to filter out what it doesn't want in there. And then what isn't filtered through we go down to the bottom which has enzymes. These enzymes are going to react with these different drugs and with these reactions it will change the color kind of like you add iron to oxygen, it goes from clear and gray to a reddish color from the rust. The machine will take this color, it'll see how much of a color change there is, how dark it gets, the differences and everything of that nature. And with these different changes in color it'll actually give a very specific amount of a level of the drug that's in there. A good example that I see a lot is alcohol testing from people coming into an ER. Like a 0.1 that I would see would be equivalent to a 0.1 percent for that. With spectrophotometry you're looking at a lot of times your alcohols, I believe there's some for cocaine, acetophenamine, salicylates, a lot of the ones that aren't really going to matter too much. The big one legally is going to be alcohol that's going to test for. Now chemiluminescence as a test. Chemiluminescence uses a similar concept as the EIA and the ELISA. What chemiluminescence does is it has a base of these antibodies and then the chemicals the drugs that we're testing for will attach to these antibodies and they're going to be inside a tiny little cuvette. They get incubated for a while warmed up to the correct temperature and then through a series of acids and bases that are being splashed in through this, in through there it shoots out a bit of light at the cuvette after being washed out these acids and bases and the molecules that are attached to the other ends instead of being color are photoreactive and the machine will measure how much of this flash of light that is shot at it. It will absorb it and then release that light back out. It will find out how much of that light is absorbed and then released back out and it will actually give a very quantitative result and definitive answer as to how much the person has in their system at that time. Now GCMS, actually I'm going to go in a different order. I'll go with the breathalyzer first. GCMS is a lot more advanced. The breathalyzer, simply the way that one works is when you breathe in, show of hand who here has actually had to take a breathalyzer for whatever reason. Wow, I'm impressed. You people are either very good or just not doing it right. The way the breathalyzer works is for everyone who raises their hand don't know that the officer in question is always saying breathe deep, keep breathing, keep breathing, keep breathing. They don't let you stop giving one breath until the machine goes off. The reason being is that the breathalyzer is specifically meant to wait until the breath is becoming exhausted to start measuring the sample. What that's doing is that's going to get a deep lung sample instead of one that's upward more toward the surface where it's going to be saturated with alcohol.  Sadly, it will only give false positives. It really won't get any kind of false negatives. But your body was releasing the alcohol through the bloodstream into your lungs and that's what they're testing on for that one. Now, GCMS, gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry. For anyone here who's watched CSI, which is sadly probably most of us, if you remember seeing where they're like, alright, this person has this drug and they look at this little strip of paper and it has these tiny little justs of spikes and peaks and things of that nature. That's GCMS. What GCMS does is actually two different tests that they use in conjunction because neither one is specific enough to give a definitive result by itself. But when used together, they can piece the information with each other to give a result that is incredibly specific and incredibly accurate. What happens with the gas chromatography is they take a tiny sample and they heat it up to make a gaseous form out of it. And then with this gaseous form, they take a stream of air, usually of an inert gas like radion or something along those lines and shoot it through a coil. Now, inside this coil are chemicals that are made to be able to attach to certain enzymes or certain chemicals and not their other ones. So these molecules that have been suspended into a gaseous form start shooting through this line. Now, dependent upon how reactive what chemical is to how reactive the chemicals are to the inner lining of this tube and depending upon the size, the different chemicals will come out at the end of the coil at different times and a gas chromatographer will actually end up creating a list of, okay, it's possibly this one is at this time, this one's at this time, this one's at this time. So these molecules could potentially be this. Now, say, like cocaine could have a similar time to pop out as THC. That's the reason why it's unaffected by itself. Now, mass spectrophotometry requires a very, very pure sample. It requires also the way it works when it comes out that coil, the mass spectrophotometry causes the molecules to bust apart and then go on to a plate. Now, when it hits this plate, it's reading the charges and the atoms that are on there. So, say, if it takes a complex molecule, say, like THC, bust the THC molecule apart, the molecule slams against this plate and it reads exactly what atoms are hitting on this plate and it will create a list of potential chemicals that it could be. But with that, if it has, you know, say, 10 carbons, 15 hydrogens, 3 nitrogens and a couple sulfurs, there's hundreds of different possible compounds for that. That's the reason why the gas chromatography works with the mass spectrophotometry because the correlation of when it came out, showing how reactive it was to the coils and what time it got eluded through the entire coil system and matched with the system of knowing exactly what molecules it is, when you put those two together, it creates a very, very definitive idea of what chemical could potentially be. This is considered the gold standard. This right here, many tests, like, say, the ELISA can read up to, like, at the best I've seen, I think, is like 50 micrograms per deciliter. The GCMS I know can get down to at least five and it will give a very definitive number, too. All right, now, sample types. Obviously, most of these you're not going to be dealing with. Hair is one people really, really get curious about. Hair as a standard is not tested past nine months as a standard. I've talked to a few companies and you can get it done past the nine months, but you have to give two samples so they do a nine month and a full hair sample. But for the most part, they don't do that. And the way they work with the hair is they take the hair sample and they'll dissolve the hair and with this dissolved hair sample, they'll take out the liquid in of it and then run it kind of like they do with the ELISA and EIA. And then if there's a positive, they'll go with the GCMS confirmatory testing. The other important thing about hair is it's deposits of the metabolites that are in there.  If you don't smoke, it will not affect you. Even if you were there that night before, you didn't shower, you go in, you're worried that the pot's still in your hair, it won't matter because your body is going to break down the THC molecule to different metabolites and that's what actually is getting deposited in the hair and that's actually what's being tested for and not the actual THC itself. The urine sample, this is the gold standard amongst most people.  They're not fun depending upon the circumstances. Now the important thing, actually I'll go ahead and get on the how they test for adulteration on the urines later on. Blood is one of the unique ones because it doesn't always test for the metabolites. Like I said, with the hair in the urine, they're going to be testing with metabolites instead of testing for the actual chemical itself. But with blood, they're actually able to test for the very specific drug itself if they want to to know if you were actively on it at that point in time. They can also test for the metabolites if they so choose. Now would you get your blood tested? Normally the two that you would be seeing them put the sample into is going to be a gray top tube. There's two different chemicals in there. One of them is this an anticoagulant simply to make it so it won't clot up. The other chemical in there is an anti-metabolite. And the anti-metabolite is going to stop any of the red cells, white cells, etc. from metabolizing anything that's going to be in there be it glucose or heroin. Now I put stool in here because I had a personal friend asking me if there's a way to fish out someone's septic tank to see if they've been smoking pie. I don't know why they would want to do that. But with the stool, technically there's no stool testing. There's very, very, very defined exception to that rule which is called a meconium test. For people in the medical industry, who aren't in the medical industry rather, a meconium test is the first stool sample of an infant. I think the reason why these are the only stool samples that are done and I haven't had this part confirmed is that an infant's stool is not contaminated by bacteria yet. I mean, people's bowel system is completely just flooded with bacteria which can change, manipulate all these different drugs whereas an infant's stool sample isn't going to have that effect. And it brings in a very also major point of a lot of your release of these chemicals or these metabolites is actually in your stool but this gets further broken down in ways your body can't even break it down. Also, meconiums are very, very legally binding. I see, I would say four a month most likely from our OB area. From girls who come in, have a child, she tested positive for whatever drug they'll test the baby to see if the baby was contaminated by the drugs. Obviously, I've already talked about breath enough, you know, not too big of an issue on that one. That's really just going to be alcohol testing. Now the last one is body fluids and tissues. This is a wide scope right here because it's not very often done. The most common one would probably be salivary testing. Salivary testing is going to be using the EIA for the most part. It's not really too big. You have the potential of doing sweat testing where they put a patch on you, you have to wear it for so many hours, you take it off, excuse me, and then they'll take the sweat and try and test it. It's not very common. I didn't really hear about it until I did some specific research just to make sure it wasn't there and it ended up being there. Other kind of body fluids is the viscous fluids that is in the eye. A lot of times people will take that and use that to see if the person was under drugs when they were dead or when they died. And then also you could potentially, if you really, really wanted to, use certain kind of body tissues for testing. The big one would be adipose tissue, fat tissue for testing with mostly THC or any other kind of fat soluble drug, but THC being the big one on that end. Now right here I just have a couple lists of some very of drugs of where they kind of stand on drug testing. Commonly tested drugs and which are antidepressants, oxycodone, barbiturates, you can solicit it and citofitamin. The bottom two, just basic painkillers, your ibeprofen, your Tylenol, things of that nature. Inphetamines can range anywhere from methamphetamines, like say XC or ICE, to simple stuff like say Ritalin or even your diet pills are going to be less leveled as anamphetamines. And that's the reason why things like the GCMS come in so importantly. If the GCMS won't say it's an amphetamine, GCMS will say it's the specific amphetamine.  They'll know that you're on crank. And then barbiturates, benzodiazepines and oxycodones. That's mostly is going to be commonly tested for just for therapeutic monitoring. Making sure you're taking your drugs and not someone else, make sure you're not taking too much of your drugs. There is a lot of money that ends up going into a pain management with oxycodone. A lot of money that goes into that. Now, commonly tested drugs that are illicit, cocaine, methamphetamines, XC if you did not know is actually in methamphetamine. The MA is methamphetamine. Opiates, PCP, THC. I honestly don't know why PCP is commonly tested for. You don't see it a lot on drug tests. Showing up positive. But it is commonly tested for. I haven't figured that one out just as a conceptual idea. Opiates are very, very heavily tested for. I really wasn't sure what to put this as illicit. But you're looking at a lot of things like, say, morphine and heroin. I mean, ranging from those to just the simple ones that they use as a minor, minor anesthetic while you're at a hospital or something.  When they test for that, your body metabolizes opiates in a very strange way. And heroin is actually going to end up getting broken down into morphine and then morphine broken down into something else and then that's something else, broken down into something else and there's a long chain. So when you get tested for heroin, it actually may end up showing that you were taking morphine instead or something else down the chain. So they know there was a chance you had one of these opiates, but your body metabolizes these so quickly that they really can't determine unless they get a very, very quick sample on you. Now for uncommonly tested drugs. Very, very big urban legend is that LSD cannot be tested in your urine. That is false. Most places do not test for it in your urine for many reasons. It is not considered a dangerous drug because it's not something you see people, you know, you don't have the crack or equivalent of an LSD head. And also LSD comes out of your system so quickly that there's only a very narrow window of time to be able to actually test for it. I'll get Q&A a little bit later. But I have confirmed that there are hospitals at least in my region that do have an LSD on their standard panel. My hospital, most others don't have it, but it is there. So let's see, psychedelic mushrooms, that is also not commonly tested for the same reasons. It's not considered a quote unquote dangerous drug. It's out of your system very quickly. And the other thing about it, too, is that there's no actual metabolites that's actually produced from the psilocybin, at least not for the most part. The drug was discovered in one of the major ways of shamans in upper North America back in the long before the settlers would feed a poisonous mushroom to a horse, collect the urine from the horse, drink the urine, and the horse's body would break down all the poisonous chemicals in the mushroom, but leave the psilocybin untouched so they're able to drink the urine and have a spiritual journey from drinking horse piss. We call that beer nowadays. DMT. That is a very uncommonly known drug, but a very potent one. It was actually one of the drugs that was listed as a Schedule 1 and the 1970, I think, when that a law came, when scheduling all happened, DMT was actually one of those main ones. Again, it's another, actually the next three, DMT, mescaline, and peyote. All of these are psychoactive drugs. They are not considered the dangerous ones. They are out of your system a lot quicker. It's harder to test for them.  The nitrous oxide is also in the same concept, not that it's not dangerous or anything, but it's out of your system so quick that these drugs right here are just really hard to test for because of the time frame that the people are allowed to be to test for it. It's not reasonable and financially feasible to do it because they're not dangerous and they have to catch you so quick it's not reasonable to them. Now for a fun part, adulteration. This is primarily for urine drug testing. Obviously, observed is they're going to watch you pee to make sure it leaves your penis, goes into the cup. They know you didn't use someone else's sample, things of that nature. Those are not fun. Guys get really pissed off when you have to do that. Now specific gravity for those who don't really know what that is. The specific gravity of water is 1.00000. Continuing on. But water is almost never pure, so water always have a specific gravity that's a little bit higher. It could be 1.0004. It would actually be considered like pure water. But when you get into urine testing, the specific gravity of urine, normal range is 1.01 to 1.025 is a standard of what your urine specific gravity should be with all the other factors in there. Different proteins, creatinine, urea and even epithelial cells of the lining of the urethra and things of that nature. So what they're going to do with specific gravity is going to test to see how low it actually is. The cutoff usually is 0.005 or 1.05, depending on how specific they want to be with that. If it's lower than that, they can't give a definitive answer on the test and they will, they can't say you failed it. And that's the important part. What they can do is say that the sample was improper. It was not usable due to being too dilute. It is not legally a breach of contract for most companies to have a dilute sample because someone can just pee a lot. I personally, I drink 4 liters of water a day, or at least I try to, so my urine is basically like water. That's how I'm lining. Some people don't drink a lot of water, so they have a very dark pee. So they really can't use that against you. Now, they're allowed to retest you later on down the road once they get the results a week later, but at that time, you're going to be cleaning good to go. Now, creatinine. Creatinine is a constituent of urine that is heavily tested for. Normally, it's used in testing for kidney function. The reason why it's also used in for the adulteration is because of, with the kidney function, they can also test to see how pure the sample of the urine is. Even with flushing out your system, you can still have a higher level of creatinine with a lower specific gravity showing that your system is used to pumping out that much water. If you exercise a lot more, you can have a lot more creatinine in there, things of that nature.  Nitrates can be in vivo or in vitro, meaning outside the body, inside the body. And what these do is these will help break down the chemicals. So they test for the nitrates to make sure nothing was put in there that is going to skew the actual chemicals themselves so they can't be tested for. Actually, something I forgot to add to the adulteration is a, what they do when they test for you also is if there is any kind of concept that maybe someone took something and decided that they were going to put a little bit of soap in there or a little bit of bleach. And bleach is far more commonly used than you think. That is going to throw a specific gravity to such a high level that they aren't going to be able to use it. And also, you're going to be able to smell it very quickly and know that the sample has been adultered right off the bat. What they will do in that instance, because you'll be able to smell it so quickly, so defined, the person is going to have to stay there legally or they officially fail the drug test. That sample that is adultered will stay and it will be sent along with a new sample that has to be observed with being illegal. They will take both samples, they run them simultaneously and put them with the same report so the person can see definitively that there was a contamination attempt on the sample. I've had to do personally I think maybe four or five of these. They're not fun and in that instance usually you want to call security because you will have people trying to fight you. And that's just not fun. Now for, let's see how much time I have. Wow, I have a lot more time than I thought I was going to have. All right, now for, I'm guessing it's going to be the fun part for me. I would like to do a little bit of Q&A. I saw a couple of people are right in their hands. Gentlemen, was it right there? Yes, that's definitely a major aspect of it. I do not know what the, I don't, like I said, my hospital person has never used the Eleanolizer EIA for LSD, which I don't know what their cutoffs are. Usually it's a lot higher so they aren't going to be detected. GCMS though will be able to detect up those really, really small, minute amounts of the LSD. There's also the fact that some people in the tech LSD will take large amounts of LSD, which is also going to be easier to find. But those people are usually a lot more obvious when you're drug testing them too. Luckily I've never actually had someone actively tripping on me when I've had to drug test them.  They're fun ones. But yeah, that's also a very good point and thank you for bringing that up. The fact that it's such a small amount as being taken does really weigh in heavily to the ability to test it. It is testable, but that small amount does make it a whole lot harder and that actually does add in to the ineffectiveness of actually trying to test for LSD. I can almost guarantee they do. I've never actually seen a panel that included it. A lot of more obscure drugs beyond like the standard 5, 10, 12, maybe even a 15 panel. They have ways of testing for other drugs. You know, like say Ketamine being a good example, but they don't commonly test for them for the simple fact that they're not common enough. Ketamine is actually considered more of a dangerous drug than say like LSD would a lot of times. And what you have to usually do to find out if something can be tested for is you have to get a hold of a company and look at their log of potential tests to see if they actually do offer that. Companies like MedTox and LabCorp are major ones who are actually going to be going to test for that. LabCorp being a medical purposes and MedTox usually being for a like MedTox, Quest are going to be actually legal. Yes. List of foods, we don't deal with that as a collection site. Tests now are becoming more and more specific and they're becoming more accurate so we don't have to worry about that as much. I would say about 10, 15 years ago actually like I believe was ibuprofen could cause a false positive for THC. Nowadays it doesn't. They found out ways to get around that. Certain foods like poppy seeds being a common one with the benefits could potentially give you a false positive. But you have to eat so many of them that it's unreasonable and they can also determine that potentially it could be this concept. Also actually that brings up another concept I forgot to mention is that if you're on a legal drug and you have to take a drug test say you're prescribed some hydrocodone because you have some back pain or you have an abscess tooth or something like that you don't have to worry about taking your test test and failing it on that specific chemical because with the drug test there is what's called an MRO medical review officer. This MRO what he will end up doing is he will look over all these positive results and say an opiate shows up and ends up being hydrocodone. He will personally call people or maybe even have a secretary or something like that do it and verify prescriptions to make sure that you're actually legally allowed to be on said drug when it shows up. That way he can give, the drug test will still show that you did it and it will still show a flag of that you quote unquote failed your drug test but there will be a note along with it saying the patient or the specimen, the carrier of the specimen was allowed to be on this drug at the time of the collection and then they will not have a falsified report, they will not be a failing of the actual test on that instance. Green shirt. Yes. Oh, okay. Oh, really? Okay. Yeah, actually, wow. The hospital I work at actually for some reason I don't know why it loves Meconium.   But yeah, we always do a screen with the mother first and then we will end up going to Meconium. We've done a urine I think maybe once or twice. I think my hospital tried to stray away from it because of the sample quantity. But thank you for the confirmation on that, though. Yes. Honestly, it's going to be varying upon multiple factors. The biggest factor actually is going to be whether the drug is fat soluble.  It can arrange, like see THC with being fat soluble, you know, you smoked pot once after having not smoked it for a year, it can be out of your system in two or three days.  So he said. But that with him was a chronic use. I mean, I ended up talking to him in quite a bit because him and his girlfriend would come in and both do it and while she was in there, he claimed to have smoked nearly half an ounce to an ounce of pot a day by himself for at least six to seven months. And that kind of chronic use is what would take to be a test for that long of a time as a positive without actually taking any drugs anymore. Oh, wait, hold on. But for the other drugs, they're in your system for a lot less of a time. Granted with chronic use, it could be a lot longer. Cocaine can have a range of anywhere from a couple of days to about a month. Most drugs are in your system for only a few days. Heroin cannot be directly tested after I think seven hours because you're about to metabolize this so fast, which also lends to its high level of addictiveness. And then also your general body chemistry. Some people's body chemistry is they metabolize things faster so they're going to be out of your system faster. Some people have a slower metabolism like yours truly. And so for someone like me, I will probably retain a positive result if I were to take something for a lot longer of a period of time.  I saw your hand. Okay. Honestly? Yes, he was asking, there's multiple kinds of mushrooms, psychedelic mushrooms. There's psilocybin and then there's, can you repeat that one again for me? Emidina. Emidina. I don't know what the active chemical in that one is. That could be very well that's only that. He was asking, there's two different kinds of mushrooms. If it's which one is actually the one that is going to be psychoactive in the urine? Personally, I forgot to research which one it was going to be. I can look that part up fairly quickly if you want to talk to me after the speech get with me. I'll look that up in a heartbeat. I know a couple really good websites that give that kind of information too. I do know that the psilocybin does get out of your system quickly. I've found ways to have that tested out. The other one, I'm not really too sure. If you find out the location of the mushroom itself, it would be a lot easier because I know they used reindeer. It's like the Inuits and the Eskimos who were highly the ones who did that. You're right there. Sorry, I'm having a hard time hearing you. You mean like having something in your system that's going to absorb the drug? Yeah, I'm having a hard time understanding the question. I'm sorry. This is an answer. Okay. Sorry, I was having a hard time understanding this. Right there. The B volume you're referring to is called a niacin. For niacin to actually be effective, you don't want to take it. Niacin puts your liver into like an overdrive. It causes your liver to start burning fat at a faster level. But for the niacin to actually, you know, potentially work, you're going to look at potential liver damage from your liver going into overdrive too much. And personally, I don't think it would be even close to worth the risk. Liver damage is going to be, for the most part, irreversible from that, especially if you do it over and over again.  They can say they couldn't use it due to being dilute. And then they can test you later on for that buying you more time. But they actually can't say that you actually got a failing on there. Now, for us, are they antioxidants? That's not always going to really work because your body can take care of a lot of those on its own. And they really won't be affecting the drugs as much. If not really, if you really, really, you would have to eat a huge quantity, like if you're drinking tons of water and you put in tons and tons of salt and along with it, you could potentially do it that way. But that is going to put a lot of stress on your kidney to have all those extra salts. And along with that, that could potentially raise the specific gravity, but it really won't be enough to actually give a high enough level. There's still going to be a tell that it's very clear. And it's also, that's the reason why they have the creatinine in there, too, is they think it tests for the creatinine. All the specific gravity is a little bit higher, but there's almost no creatinine in there, which means either this guy has no kidney function or he just drank a bunch of salt water. Oh, okay. I'm sorry. The lights are very blinding, so. Okay, 1.13. Okay. Ooh, that's a good one. You see there are a lot of ketones is what they're popping out. Honestly, I don't see that being a major adulterant. They... Yeah, I really don't see that being... The ketones in alcohol have a very, very similar structure, but the reactivity is different. These tests are made to work with a very, very specific in a way that even different kinds of alcohol, like even one extra little bit of a chain on the alcohol is going to cause it not to be a false positive. Like rubbing alcohol, if you drink that is not going to cause you to have a higher BAC due to the testing because it's a different kind of alcohol. Just the very simple rearrangement of the molecules make a giant difference as to whether it would be a positive or negative result. All right, the gentleman said that I have... My time is up. There is a Q&A room. Where's that at? 1.13. I will be there in a couple minutes. I'll break down my stuff. Thank you.


My name is Kamran Ahmed. I'm calling from Australia, Brisbane. And you're originally from? Originally from Pakistan Karachi.  Yeah, I really condemn. My name is Delhi, I'm calling from the other Congo. I think that is a very wicked act. And it should be, it must be condemned. And President Obama and the whole CIA and all the security services have to find out who did it and to bring the people who did it to justice. It's not fair. And it's very scurrying. It's life threatening. We should everybody around the world should find out how this gets punished so that nobody can do it again. It seems like it's, it's, it's, it's like, it's a kind of 9-11 in small size. It's 9-11 in small size.


Sarah asks, is it possible to create further teams accounts so that you can have more than two meetings running? Yes. It's a hack, though, right? How many of us are multitasking in meetings? I mean, I'm multitask, but I don't know that I'm in two meetings at the same time. I'm definitely involved in chats, but Christian, I think you had a fabulous idea for that one. Well, so one, I mean, so I do this all the time where I have overlapping and one of them that I need to do a, like I'll actually have if transcripts are running and kind of watch the dialogue while I'm listening in. So I know it's an effective use of my time, of everybody's time to do that, but there was just an overlap where new meetings was starting and the other one hadn't ended, so I needed to join, but I was still kind of paying attention. And so having the desktop version of Teams and then joining the other one in the browser, you could have two multiple, I can, you can actually, like we talked about, you could create different profiles where you go in and join or even start those where you can use incognito mode and have different ones running, but you can, you don't need us to have a second profile to join multiple overlapping meetings. You can do that via incognito. And so it's just a matter of when you join the first meeting in the browser or in the desktop app, the second one just have it go directly to browser and that's it. Yeah. The only thing you have to be careful of is you can only have your video and your mic active in one meeting at a time. So you can't like switch back and forth. So you're gonna be stocking one, stocking one and participating in the others. You gotta pick which one you wanna participate in. Yeah. Yeah. Cause it doesn't switch well. I tried that. Yeah. Even if you had two different profiles, like if you had a laptop in your desktop or something and you know, you could log in with the same profile and both of those things. And in that case, you'd have two cameras, two microphones with two separate devices to do that. But yeah, to your point. I have gotten a little notification that says you're active in this other meeting. Do you wanna switch? So it does recognize that you're logging into two meetings at the same time. So I'll be on something on my phone and something else on my computer. And they'll be like, do you wanna switch devices? Or like I'll start it in the meeting cause I'm somewhere on my phone. Then I get home and I turn on my desktop and it knows that I've logged in in another device. So I think you just say no. You know, like I'm good. I'm stocking in two places. But that's the same meeting. Actually that'd be the same meeting, not different meetings. Yeah, that one's a little bit different. But yeah, so I don't do it frequently, but I do join occasionally. I think I did earlier this month where, again, for me, the scenario was the meetings overlapped. So I joined one with my camera and mic off while I was wrapping up the other one for about 10 minutes or so. So it works. Not recommended, but it works. The ultimate multitasking, multi-meeting tasking. Multitasking is a lie, everyone. Man cannot serve two masters.