Hey YouTube, this is Cesar Arada. I'd like to share with you how you can draw your entire life in one page past, present and future. I just did a workshop today with many students and several of them have asked me to do a video tutorial so they can do it by themselves in their own time at home in a common environment. I've never done personal development videos before and so that's not a scam or like a Internet-like business and so everything is in this video and you can use it and you know, it's a free information. So over the past years, I have developed and simplified this visualization method to help myself to make hard decisions such as choosing my field of studies, managing my career, but also resolve issues with my families or relationships. And every time using this method of visualization has helped me to clarify my situation and helped me make me more confident and make more meaningful and build a more meaningful life for myself, the ones around me and hopefully the world. So let's do this. So now it's a complicated visuals that you're seeing now, but I'm going to explain to you step by step. I'm using Google drawing here because it's easier for you to read on the screen because my handwriting is not so good and I recommend that you start with a simple pen and paper. So you're going to take a blank page and draw in the middle a line and going to write the date of today and right now. Then you will write almost at the top of the page the year that you were born and you can put in parenthesis your birth and at the bottom of the page is the year you Well, you don't know when you're going to die, but you know, maybe let's say that you're gonna leave a hundred years Good next so by now you should have a page that looks like this and So now I'm going to zoom in and at the top of the image you are going to add four categories top left education or job Then passions within s if you if you have many passions people and Locations location that places where you have been living or places where you have been traveling Good, and then you want to draw a Timeline so say If I didn't have very busy childhood, I can fit maybe like I'm 30 years old So maybe I can fit, you know my 21st years in just one third of the of the half top of the page And the rest of the half top of the page will be for the last ten years Which have been the busiest for me between my 20s and my 30s So it doesn't it doesn't have to be regular if you are the opposite and have a very busy childhood Then you may and a very settled adulthood, then you may have a busy Know upper part, which is would become more dense So I'm going to take my own life as an example to explain you how to fill in that this grid and I won't speak too much in the details about my own About my own stuff, but just to so you understand what you want to fill in the gaps So I start by the left column, which is the educational job because that's probably the the easiest to remember on the top of your head, so I I just went to a normal local school public schools and then I went to get my So that was in France then I went to the bull school, which is a craftsman school Where I developed this technique actually because I wanted to decide what what I will continue studying I wasn't sure if I was going to continue study craft or something else Then I continued and studied design in different institutions in in France and in the UK Then I applied for my master degree at the art college of art and design interactions And then I was lucky to be selected as a tech fellow And went to work at MIT and now have my own company. That's called prote after I left MIT Okay, so that's your education and job so what I recommend is not you pose a video and You feel that column for yourself. So feel all the education and job first off So when you're done, please play again good so now you have your education and job up to today and The point here is maybe Well, maybe there's some things that you want to change about your job And so we're going to use all the other things and the next column to feed that that information So let's continue about what's the most straightforward and doesn't require too much like self introspection and there will be well the places you've you've been living or or or you've been traveling so in my case I was born in the South of France in Bayonne and then we moved to Samaloo Which is in Brittany and because my father is Japanese. I I also had some education in Japan and We moved to Paris then Where I studied, you know my undergrad and when I was a student I was I was very keen on traveling so I did many trips in mostly around Europe and Then I went to get my master's degree like I was saying before the RCA in London and Then so actually I used for the first time this graphic method as my CV When I applied for my master's degree and it worked I got in and so the reason I got in it's because with this method You can show all the stuff that you that you like or the places you've been in a very Synthetic way so people they don't need to read through a boring CV. They can just look at one image and they get Kind of what you made of or how you became to be that that person anyway, so After I moved to Nairobi and moved to and worked in in Kenya for a bit then I moved to Boston to work at MIT and Then I moved to New Orleans to work on the BP oil spill and that's when I started my my company Which is called prote we're building a selling robots and then I kept doing the same company and moved around around many places and Actually, I served around the world with unreasonable at sea which is in the business incubator that was located on a ship So we were sailing around the world as as we were going and now I live in Hong Kong and Shenzhen since Seven months, and that's where I developed my business. So that's that's it for the location and Places where I've been living and places where I've traveled or that have been important for me So I encourage you to pause the video again now and To pick up later to fill in the rest Okay, so the next I suggest feeling would be passions So I was born by the ocean and I also moved to the seaside to Samaloo when I was a kid And I love singing that was just just happens to be what my parents put me through a choir and then I love to do some martial arts and because of my proximity to the sea I started sailing and Then I was interested in the arts. I mean for music more into like plastic arts as in drawing and painting and building architecture models and And so then because I like I said I went to the Colboum It's a craft school and I was really super keen on cycling and and so I developed an interest in mechanics and later in electronics and coding and so that's what led me to do this master degree in interactive design and And right now my passion and my job really are You know converging and into becoming like a work as as a passion And that's the whole point of this of this work that that we're doing now is to see how you could basically combine the things that you love doing and You know make a living out of this and how do you make this happen? Okay, so again I encourage you now to pause the video and to fill in all your passions and the things that That you've been really super keen on they can be you know like official extra curricular activities I don't know I could be sports or it could be art or it could be you know a very special hobby I don't fishing it could be Your passion could be about I don't know anything geeky anything that that made you who you are Okay, now you can pause and fill in Okay So the next is about the people so maybe your passions Or the location or your job have been strongly influenced by the people you've met So in my case as a child I was born in the south of France Even though like my French family is from the north of France and so the people who gave me my first name Which is Spanish is I mean it's Basque It's Clemore and Mamita. It's it's very an old couple and they were really amazing amazingly kind people even though they are not my logical parents. They acted as such and Oh, sorry and the next person that was influential to me is when we moved to to Paris There was an old guy that was building microscopes in my street And he was he was a kind of the new figure for my grandfather because my grandfather was so far away And so he was very important for me and well these are not people like MIT Press is not people and Wikipedia is not people but they are reasoned by people and so some of them were alive Some of them were dead, but nevertheless they have been extremely influential on me and and on my my further career Then there was this old another old man that was very important for me. His name is Nathan Prasovnik and He survived the death camps and he wrote a book that he he asked me to read and that was also very influential on my on my life path and then of course Relationships my first girlfriend My father actually I didn't get to talk to for a very long time, you know family members Philosophers artists like anybody you want to put in people like anybody that was really influential to you And more recently, it's my co-worker. Her name is Gabrielle Levine and we started a bit business together And she's been a constant inspiration for me so you want to Pause after after I said maybe a few more words So in in people it can be like I'm saying like alive people so could be a family could be your friends could be your co-workers could could be a Professor or it could be some poets or some artist that just a personality is that that had a Life stories that had a strong influence on you They can pose good so, oh, yeah, most recently Tom she was a very strong influence on me and so you can see that all of that stuff that I've done in my education my passion and the people I've met I Kind of converge to feed what I'm doing right now, which is prote they are autonomous sailing robots and and I feel very very satisfied with this this job right now because because I'm my own boss and It combines all the stuff I love it combines sailing it combines traveling it combines meeting a lot of interesting inspiring people and And it's good for the environment and so so that that's really where all all the stuff I love kind of converging and so the question is Is here is now what now you filled all your top of your half of your page and You're like, okay. I can see that's my that's what I've done in my life in the past, but how can I appreciate further?  You know Go through this line that is now Think of the line in the center of the page as a kind of a filter There are things that you have done in the past That you want to keep doing and some of the stuff that you've done in the past You just want to stop you don't you don't need some of some of the activities There are some people in in your future and that some people that are really influential to you And are still alive and you and you never had the courage to get in touch with them why why You have to call you have to call get on the phone and and give this important phone call that that has been waiting for maybe a Decade and and I don't know this author or this artist or or This this girl or this guy that that you're secretly in love with like it's it's more than time It that's a long overdue or a simple location You've been dreaming of going to that places like what keeps you from doing it So again, I'm just going to use my my personal life So I have a company right now and I know I want to keep it I want to keep doing it for for good a good amount of time for the next years to come And I know that what I really need to find is a good business and work and R&D partner And I also aspire to start my own family So I'm turning I just turned 30 and I feel like I'm feeling more and more ready to start my own family And about the location where I am today Hong Kong and Shenzhen. I I feel very happy here So I want to stay here for for a while Then I had this crazy dream when I was a student that was actually my my diploma project Which is to build the International Ocean Station. It's like the space station, but for it's for the oceans and That sounds really crazy. I guess too too too too many people or crazy ambitious But I will I will comment on that afterwards and my long-term project is to Create a better relationship between the economy financial economy and the environmental economy so environmental systems and to create something I call liquid economy and Because Africa is going to be industrialized then I think I think I'm not sure But I have the feeling that I will have to be in Africa When I get older just because of the nature of the business. I'm doing so that's just a feeling so the idea here is that So I'm going again like now you're going to post a video and This time really take your time like there's no going from like location first or Job first or passion first like this. I have no advice in this This is really your your little cooking and you do it. You have to do it your own way So, yeah post the video and take take your time to think What you want to keep from your past and what you want to bring forward that that's important for you for you So you can post video now okay So what I really want to say as a comment is that you know saying the international ocean station That's not like a really crazy ambitious thing and that's okay, and you know the plan will change and what's important with making this kind of like ground or super long-term plan is Not to follow this plan like step-by-step because because it will change But but what it brings you is that it brings you some clarity about the person that you have been in a person that you are now and The person you want to be and that can give you some confidence into making this important life decisions and And for me it has helped me to become a better person for for myself to understand myself better And to be more clear in how I interact with other people and hopefully No, do projects that are coherent with with what I what I'm passionate about and that that can have a positive impact on the world Also what I have to add as a comment is You may have grand project or a humble project. Maybe it matters less Certainly if you succeed in those projects, it matters less than actually if you know that what what you're pursuing is not I don't know getting rich for example, but but you know fighting for a cause a cause that that you think is worthwhile and And so that that makes you Feel more comfortable About you know, what is success of failure to you because you know that you are you're contributing to society for for for something That's maybe hopefully bigger than yourself and the next slide. Yes Sorry, so the idea is that you you it's a this is like a you know like like a business plan for for for a company It's like you make business plans or you can make like a life plan, but of course it's going to change So what I suggest is that you don't spend a lot of time working on this is that you just spend half an hour You know like drawing your pasts or the last few important things in your couple of last years and then you you draft Something and then you do it over and over again every time you feel that you have some doubts About the directions you want to take or if you need more clarity about short medium or long term you can use this very simple and and free method just just a pen and a paper and Now I think that's maybe the most important part of the of the presentation But what I've tried to show you to show you right now is that your life is a network of event as in events as in People locations or jobs or or relationships or like people that that that you've met and we are all you know These complex networks of feelings and experience and stories and so is everybody else and so You can connect with other people By for example like what they have what they're passionate about or by the location or just who they are and And so the idea is that if you if you're dreaming alone It's only a dream, but if you dream with other people it becomes a reality And so what I what I would love is to if you guys on YouTube could you know Do this exercise for yourself and and share it if you can put in the comment You know some links to some to any a picture a photograph of or screen capture of of your of your life drawing then I think it would be very inspirational for others and Yeah, and it will encourage others to you know to do the same and and study feel altogether confident about our aspirations So the just just to wrap it up the idea is to one step one is to draw your past understand where you're standing in the present and You know choose what you're gonna be making for the rest of your of your life That's that one is to connect to yourself connect your life events The second step is to connect to others So it means once you acquire this clarity then you can you know connect to other people and and because you know what you want then Like everything becomes so much more clear and then you don't you know raise expectation that that you cannot meet with other people or or It just makes maybe your life simpler and you feel you feel more comfortable And the third is that if you if you find people that that have the same dreams and aspiration Well, then you may actually want to do this exercise Collaboratively as in you could see how your life goes Correspond to other people's life goals So I would say that I use this method for personal development But you can also use this for you know company development for example like you you want to see you want to check if your Co-workers have the same objective in personal development and the company development Or you could use that in your in your personal relationship with your with your wife here or all your kids What what what do the members in your family want? If you're going to spend your life together So so I just showed you how to do it with a pen and pencil or do it on the Google Google join But there are more I would say advanced way to do that if you if you want to add More detail so for example if you're working just with with paper and a tangible way You can use paper and pencil and eraser, which we which is what you might have done the first time But next time or if you don't want to have to draw it all over again You could just work on post-its so you could work on stickies or on dry erase board or with magnets or or pins The second is that you could work it work on it online and collaboratively So I've been doing that a lot because I I work in open source hardware development and so You know it helps us to make sure that we have the same objectives over time and another really great software is called Prezi and Prezi allows you to zoom in to like incredible Small level so you could add a ton of content and you would still be Digestible and you would be able to see what matters to you by just writing You know like letters or important things in big letters and less important things in small letters So that's for the people who wants to have like a very comprehensive map over there of the life MindMeister is a quick diagram Software and Asana and stuck and if you combine it with instagant So that's more like team and project management, and they are very intuitive ways of Managing your tasks day-to-day and brainstorming to develop a project and to kill tasks And you could lay them in a gantt chart if you combine Asana instagant so we use that in our company to To you know develop to brainstorm and develop milestones and you know and look look back at what we've done and Be effective and in collaboration and then of course you can work offline on vector software like Illustrator or InScape Pages for Mac or Microsoft world or Omnigrafo again, that's more Mac oriented software so I hope this presentation was helpful for you and That you have a better grasp now of your past your present and and maybe Got more insight of what you want to do for for your future This presentation is online, so you can leave comments on under the YouTube video in the comments on YouTube or you could go on this link and You could leave comments on on each of the slides if you have suggestions of how I could improve it and Well, thank you very much. I prefer if you send me Comments on on YouTube not not by personal email, but that's my website there and I will and also in the comments There is all the links to all the softwares that are that I mentioned Yeah, thank you very much for watching


A nine-year-old boy placed in an induced coma after a crowd surge at the Astral World Festival in Houston, Texas, has died. That is according to a family lawyer. Ezra Blount had been on live support in hospital due to severe brain and organ trauma since the show on the 5th of November. He is the youngest of five, or youngest rather of ten concertgoers to have been killed after panic broke out during rapper Travis Scott's headline performance. Hundreds of others were hurt when the crowd began to press towards the stage.


This study combined mass spectrometry imaging, MSI, stable isotope labeling, and a spatial variant of isotopalog spectral analysis to map distributions of metabolites, nutrients, and metabolic turnover fluxes across the brains of mice harboring GL261 glioma, a widely used model for glioblastoma. The results revealed significant changes in metabolism compared to normal brain tissue, including increase to NOVO fatty acid synthesis and elongation fluxes. These findings suggest that metabolic reprogramming may be involved in the development and progression of this type of cancer. This article was authored by Michaela Schweigerhaber, Ethan Stankliffe, Tana Lakshmi S. Anbu Kuma, and others.


This right here, I got it from my jeweler over there at Raffaella. Shout out Raffaella out here, he'll be supporting at the game. No, it's my daughter's name, Phoenix, also meaning Phoenix's new beginnings. I got the piece as my first daughter. She's going on four years old, her birthday is in April. I also have a son too, I can't live without him. But that's my daughter's name. That was really my first piece. That was my first chain I bought after I got paid. This is one of the things I tell a lot of my younger guys, you know, don't really spend your money until you get to a point where you can afford it. You know, you see a lot of younger guys in this era, they spend so much money on jewelry, they spend so much money on stuff because they see rappers wearing it or they see older players wearing it who's earning it.   But that was the one thing that I did. Man, until the point now where, like I said, I can spend money and enjoy it and actually understand what comes from it. Sounds like you made a great impact in just this one year that you've been here in Kansas City. Would you say that's true off the field, more so than on the field? You can say that. I feel like I'm doing way more off the field than on the field. After that, I got so much more I can do too, man. I haven't done enough off the field. You know, you got people, you know, not just Kansas City but in different communities all across the world and in the city who needs help and who needs our attention. You know, we're in a certain position, we're in a special position. You know, you can do a lot of things and you can have fun, you can spend money across, you know. Or you can go and, you know, try to change a few lives, you know, try to help the next person out. I've done a lot of events in Kansas City. I've been doing a lot of charitable events and I'm going to do a lot more. I'm going to do a lot more in the city of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, and I want to do a lot more in the city of Los Angeles, California to help with the homeless. There's a lot of things on my list, man, things I want to do. But right now, man, I got to handle this football stuff. Once that gets out the way, I can have a little bit more fun, you know, outside of it. Thank you.


The entropies of Shannon, Renyi and Kalmogorov are analyzed and compared together with their main properties. The entropy of some particular antennas with a pre-fractal shape, also called fractal antennas, is studied. In particular, their entropy is linked with the fractal geometrical shape and the physical performance. This article was authored by Immanuel Gariglia.


One of the reasons mathematics is important is because we can take things that look very different and identify that they're really different versions of the same thing. And this falls under the category of what's called a group isomorphism. So let's consider two groups. We're going to take a group G, where the identity is E and the elements are A and B, and a second group H, with identity I, and elements delta and sigma. Now earlier we produced the only possible multiplication table for a group with three elements, which looks like that, and because this is the only possible multiplication table for a group with three elements, when we try to find the multiplication table for H, we find the multiplication table looks like this. And now let's do a little bit of an observation on our two groups. We see that group G is abelian A times A times B, or whatever it is. The products are symmetric because your multiplication table is symmetric along the diagonal. And if I look at the group H, I see that the H is also an abelian group. Both A and B have order three. A to the second is B, A to the third works out to be E. So both A and B have order three in group G. And if I look at the corresponding elements in group H, delta and sigma likewise have order three. Delta times delta is sigma, delta times delta times delta again, that's sigma times delta is going to be the identity. So both of these have order three as well.  And we have two groups, well, they both quack like a duck. They both swim like a duck and they both walk like a duck. They seem to be the same group and the only real difference between the two is that the elements have different names. So because this seems to be the only actual difference between the two groups, maybe we can find a renaming function that's going to take the elements of G, E, A and B, and rename them, relabel them, I, delta and sigma. And one way we might do that is our renaming function might be the simplest one possible. The identity of G goes to I, the element A goes to delta, the element B goes to sigma. And because every element of G is assigned at most one value of H, we have a function from G to H. In addition, every element of H comes from some function value of G and so we have an onto function. And also, this is a one-to-one function. No value of H comes from more than one value of G. So we have a function that is both onto and one-to-one and maybe that's characteristic of when two groups have R in some sense the same. So the natural question asked is, is this enough? So in other words, is it enough for a renaming function to be one-to-one and onto? So let's think about that. Well, here's an obligatory joke.  Well, four. Because calling a tail a leg doesn't make it one. And what's important to understand is whatever our renaming function is, it can't just rename the elements. It has to preserve the properties of the elements. So we also found the multiplication table for groups with four elements, for some of the groups with four elements. We had two groups with four elements, the identity E, and named those elements A, B, and C. And one multiplication table we found by getting on board the bus A times A gives us the identity. And the other multiplication table we found by getting on board the bus A times A equals B, and that gave us this. And we can compare our two groups again. And G is abelian, so is H. G has three order two elements. A times A gives us E, B times B gives us E, C times C gives us E. So A, B, and C are all order two elements. H, on the other hand, has no order two elements. A times A, not the identity. B times B, not the identity. C times C, not the identity. There's zero order two elements in H. And that suggests that G and H seem to be different groups. That no renaming will make one of them into the other, because those order two elements in G don't have anything in H that has the same property. So, going back to this idea, our renaming function has to preserve the properties of the elements. Well, the key property of any element of a group is the product. So if I have a one-to-one-on-two function from G to H, I want those products preserved. So A is going to be assigned to F of A, whatever that is. B is going to be assigned to F of B. And I want A times B to be assigned to F of A times F of B. Whatever this product is, it's got to be assigned to the product of these two elements. Well, because the function works on the group elements, A times B has to be assigned to the function value of A times B. And what that means is that this value here and this product have to be the same thing. So I want to make sure that F of A times B has to be the same as F of A times F of B. And this has to be true for all elements A and B in G. Now, there's one possible point of confusion here. It's important to recognize that this time symbol on the left-hand side involves a multiplication of elements in G. So this time symbol corresponds to the group operation in G. Meanwhile, this time symbol, because these, F of A and F of B, because those are elements of H, this time symbol actually refers to the group operation in H. And what that means is that there could be some confusion here. And so we'll try to use different symbols for these different operations. So we might use this circle times to indicate the group operation in G. So I'll replace that here. And then I might use a circle plus to indicate the group operation in H. So this is a group operation in H. So is this, I'll replace those and write my statement that way. And this allows us to introduce a very important concept, which is that of isomorphism. So if I have two groups, G and H, with operation circle times circle plus respectively, I can take a function from G to H. I'll call it an isomorphism if the following things hold. First, F has to be a one-to-one function. F also has to be onto. And F has to preserve these operations. So F of a times b in G has to be the same as F of a times F of b in H. And this has to be true for all elements of G. And additionally, if I can find such an isomorphism, if I have two groups and if I can find an isomorphism, then we say that G and H are isomorphic and we write G isomorphic to H using this particular notation here. And what that means is that in some sense, these two groups are the same group. The only difference between these two groups is how we name the elements. If I can find an isomorphism, these two groups are not essentially different.


Our modern fear of fat will be looked back upon as the largest mistake in nutrition science history. Fat has made us human. Our ability to use tools to become the best hunters on this planet has allowed us to maintain a smaller body frame in comparison to other carnivores. The caloric and nutrient density of animal foods is why Frankie Boy is standing here all dolled up for you ladies and gentlemen and not out in the woods with the other monkeys scratching their butts.  So there are three main types of fat. You have cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides. In food we are more familiar with saturated fats, unsaturated fats and trans fats. Cholesterol is in every single cell in our body. It's a precursor to just about every hormone and it is needed to produce bile which is required to absorb fat. Phospholipids are a cell membrane component and triglycerides are actually the main component of these fats.  And there are dozens and dozens of types of fatty acids. We can't discuss all of them. It's just impossible. But it's important to note that triglycerides are composed of glycerol and fatty acids and triglycerides compose every single fat there is, whether it's saturated or monounsaturated. Saturated fats are solid at room temperature because they contain hydrogen and they don't have any double bonds. Atoms are bound together with two electrons. When there's more than one set of electrons the fat becomes unsaturated and unsaturated fats don't have hydrogen. So they can have double or triple bonds. Monounsaturated is one and polyunsaturated is two or more double bonds. These are looked at as the good fats or as saturated fats are viewed as bad fats but that doesn't make much sense considering any food that contains fat will have both saturated and unsaturated. So what do you mean? How can a food have both and one is good and one is bad? Isn't nature telling us something? Trans fats are usually associated with some negativity because of the past and there's good reason. The artificial man-made trans fats are essentially vegetable oils which are poison that have hydrogen added to them to make them solid at room temperature.  Linoleic acid is the primary cause of heart disease but we'll go into that later. Although there are dozens and dozens of types of fatty acids most people are familiar with the omega fatty acids which are primarily used for synthesizing cell membranes and regulating inflammation. The omega-3 are ALA, alpha linoleic acid, the plant precursor to EPA which is used for regulating inflammation and DHA which is an important component of cell membranes. It's needed for brain function. Omega-6 we have linoleic acid, the bad stuff and arachidonic acid which is the animal form of omega-6. That is another regulator of inflammation. We're seeing a pattern here. The plant form is bad for us and inflammatory. The animal form is good for us. Omega-9 fatty acids are actually produced by the body so we don't need to obtain them in the diet. Oleic is the most common one. So how do we actually absorb these fats? Triglycerides in these fats become emulsified by bile. This broadens the surface area and allows the fat digesting enzyme lipase to break down these triglyceride molecules into their components of glycerol and fatty acids. Once it's broken down into these components the intestines can then absorb it. After it's absorbed into the intestines it combines with cholesterol and apoproteins. So the triglycerides combine with cholesterol and apoproteins to form chylomicrons.  Whether to the liver, to muscle cells, to fat cells, once it reaches where it needs to be another enzyme is released. Lipoprotein lipase is released in the capillaries and that causes the fat to be released where it can then be used as energy or stored as fat. What tends to dictate this is your blood sugar, the carbohydrate content of your diet greatly influences this. So when you consume carbs you have high blood glucose. That causes the glycogen to be stored in the fat. Glycogen being the form of glucose stored in the muscles or fat. When you don't have any carbs in your diet your blood glucose is low so the pancreas releases a hormone called glucagon. Glucagon signals glycogen to be released from fat cells and then it turns into acetyl coenzyme A which is the precursor to energy metabolism. So carbohydrates in the diet you're not using fat for energy. If you remove carbohydrates your body is going to start using fat for energy. Granted your blood sugar is low. One thing worth mentioning is that carnitine which is only found in animal foods although our body can produce small amounts greatly improves energy metabolism by transporting fatty acids across cell membranes. So if you eat more meat you will have better energy metabolism. Well why are we so afraid of fat when we are made of fat? Our body is literally half saturated fat. Cows have a bacteria in their stomach that hydrogenates polyunsaturated fats into saturated fats. When a cow eats grass it's the equivalent of a human eating that cow. If people actually understood the digestive differences between ruminant animals and humans I think a lot more people would be on the carnivore diet. As our cells are made of fat the membrane fluidity is regulated by ratio. This is why the first nation Alaskans who consumed a lot of fish would take twice as long for their blood to clot. The omega fatty acids in the fish literally changed the profile of their blood. This means that the fat profile of our body is regulated by diet. All of the lipids in our body the fats are going to be composed of whatever we eat. You are what you eat and this is where we run into issues. As you can imagine if you're consuming inflammatory fats like linoleic acid and now your body is made of linoleic acid the body doesn't actually recognize it. It sees it as a harmful substance and starts attacking it. The omega 3 to omega 6 ratio in your body is incredibly important. When omega 6 is high and maybe even you're consuming rancid fats there's a lot of oxidative stress. This is usually caused by the vegetable oils. So we have soybean oil, corn oil, cottonseed, peanut, canola. These are typically in processed food, every restaurant fries with this stuff. You know my mother used to fry chicken cutlets in soybean oil a couple times a week and they're also put in shelf stable foods that have preservatives. It's literally a science experiment. Think about it. Sunflower oil, corn oil, like what is corn oil? You took a whole field of corn and made it into one bottle of corn oil. It's something that humans have never consumed and not only is this vegetable oil extremely bad for us. If you feed this stuff to an animal, the fat profile of the animal becomes composed of linoleic acid. So if you're eating pork that was fed corn and soy, you're getting the linoleic acid through the animal. This lowers the omega 3 content of the meat. It drastically raises the omega 6 to the point it's harmful. The saturated fat content rises slightly because of the lower omega 3. The reason beef isn't super high in omega 6 is because of the digestive system of the animal. Animals are affected differently by how they're fed due to their digestive system.  It doesn't really make a lot of sense. The end result is less nutrition. What these animals are being fed doesn't have vitamins and minerals. Therefore, there's no vitamins and minerals in the flesh of the animal and we have more inflammation in our body. So why is linoleic acid actually so bad?  As a normal part of cell function, chylomicrons transport these fats to various tissue. Some of this tissue is in the arterial wall. When these lipids, the cholesterol enters the arterial wall and it's composed of linoleic acid, the body actually attacks it because it doesn't recognize it. In patients that have heart disease, the fat that's actually deposited in the arteries is mostly plant fats. We know linoleic acid is what's causing heart disease. It's just not commonly known. I learned this from a podcast with Tucker Goodrich and Ivor Cummins. He spoke about how linoleic acid and modern vegetable oils are really the only explanation for why humans are getting heart disease. And it makes sense because when we look at the percentage of linoleic acid in these foods compared to more natural foods, it becomes clear that humans were never meant to consume any linoleic acid. Linoleic acid in animal foods doesn't exist. I'm led to believe that when humans consume this linoleic acid in what are definitely unnatural amounts, it is something that our bodies are not meant to deal with. When you're eating animal foods, you don't get any. So our cells are not supposed to be composed of any linoleic acid and it makes sense because it's inflammatory to the body. But what are the positives of the contrary, the conjugated linoleic acid? It's interesting how the animal form is actually good for us because conjugated linoleic acid increases performance and it reduces disease rates. We also have the omega-6 arachidonic acid, which regulates inflammation as well as cholesterol. So you have linoleic acid in the plant form. We have omega-6 linoleic acid and we have trans-fat hydrogenated linoleic acid that are literally killing us, but the animal form is actually good for us. And the most important thing is fat carries and contains vitamins. We're out in nature, we're hunting animals. The tissue of these animals contains everything our body needs. It gives us the fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, K2, all of the fatty acids our bodies need, and then we digest the triglycerides, turn them into chylomicrons, and the chylomicrons transport these vitamins around our bodies. So why are we so afraid of our blood work? When you actually understand all of these things, it becomes questionable as to why we're blaming cholesterol and looking at blood work and saying high cholesterol is bad. It doesn't really make much sense when there are so many lipid components and so many issues with modern diets. And these can be exacerbated by other things. You know, you can have rancid fats that cause oxidative stress, which result in cell death apoptosis, and if fat cells are dying in the arterial wall, that's literally what is clogging your arteries and giving you heart disease. You could have rancid fish oil. Fish oil is generally seen as good for you, but if it's oxidized, it causes stress in the body. And all vegetable oils are oxidized to some degree. The real solution is to consume high-quality animal fats. If it's something you can't obtain in nature, don't eat it. If you can't obtain seeds, you can't obtain these plant oils, even olive oil, although olive oil is lesser of the evils. If you couldn't go out into the forest and obtain it, then you shouldn't eat it. And that means that the only fats you should be eating are high-quality, wild-raised animal fats. If you guys would like to check out a book to really understand the importance of fat in human history, read The Fat of the Land by the armor Stephenson. It's about an arctic explorer who had many meals with the first-nation Alaskans. Pretty much following a meat-only diet for a long period of time. Thank you guys for joining me today. Hopefully, this has given you an understanding of good fats versus bad fats. It's really simple. Raise an animal the right way. The fat content of the animal will be free of linoleic acid and it will have all the vitamins your body needs. We are so out of touch with nature, we have to rediscover things we've been doing for hundreds of thousands of years. If you guys could please like the video, subscribe, hit that bell icon and share it if you can. If you guys would like to support me further, I have a bunch of other videos on my channel that will help educate you more and really just how to become the healthiest version of yourself. In addition to that, I have recently launched Frankie's Free Range Meat. My goal being to provide you guys with high-quality nutrient-dense animal foods. So if you'd like to order anything ranging from grass-fed beef to liver to caviar at an affordable price, check out frankiesfreerangemeat.com. You guys enjoy the rest of the week.


So in this chapter we're going to look at transcendental functions while what are they for the Purposes of this lecture. We're just going to view them as not being polynomials So let's look at some examples. We see all the trigonometric functions. They sign cosine tangent cosecant secant cotangent but then also the logarithm and the natural log and we have Exponent a Euler's number or something such as a constant to the power Variables so a to the power x or a to the power t as we've been using here Now just to show you here very quickly. These are not difficult to do to some of the basics We have the limit as t approaches some constant of the sine of t that will just be the sine of a Same goes for the cosine Same goes for exponent t there The natural log just remember that the natural log of a number is only defined for values larger than zero Simply we're just going to replace the t with a there The arc sine the arc cosine and the arc tangent Look at those remember though that the arc sine and the arc Cosine are only defined between negative one and one just think of the function the sine of t It goes up and down up and down in a periodic fashion But it never goes above one and it never goes below negative one. So it's only defined for that Let me show you why look at this the limit as t goes to zero of the arc sine of t plus one over the square root of two So yeah, instead of being of what we had before look at that. We just had the limit number. Where are we? Well, it's not shown there, but if you just look at sine and cosine there, we just have the arc sine So it is there number five We're just going to replace t with a there But yeah, we have t plus one over the square root of two if I plug in zero straight away Which is one of the techniques that we know I'm just going to be left with the arc sine of one over the square root of two and At zero at t equals zero we can see clearly the green graph they crosses the y-axis at pi over four and We remember we said the arc sine is only defined between negative one and one So look at that green graph and just stops on the left hand side and stops on the right hand side And you can see in the algebra down there negative one is less than t plus one over square root of two is less than one I'm multiplied by square root of two throughout and then I just subtract one from either side and I'm left with t Alone in the middle and now you can see why t is only defined as far as that green graph is concerned So that was quite easy Look at this one the limit as t goes to zero of t to the t times e to the power negative three t plus one over two t squared plus t and If we have a look at the graph it does seem something happens at zero the graph certainly crosses the y-axis there And it looks like between two and a half and three maybe two point seven somewhere there If I were to just to plug in t equals zero into my expression there, I'm going to get zero over zero now later in chapter eight I'll show you another way to deal with that kind of problem But yeah, I just note that in the denominator at least I can take t out as a common factor Which will cancel out t in the numerator and denominator for me And now I'm left with the limit as t goes to zero of e to the power negative three t plus one over two t plus one and if I were to replace t with zero now I'm left with just well as number which is two point seven something something just as we see in the graph there no problem Look at this though What happens to this functions sine and cosine of t as t approaches positive or negative infinity well We know we said sign and cosines is this periodic function that just goes up and down up and down It does not settle on a specific y-axis value So there is no limit the limit does not exist as far as sine and cosine are concerned as T goes to either positive or negative infinity. It doesn't never settles down to a specific value What happens to the tangent? Well, what happens to tangent as t goes to you see their n times pi plus pi over two So they certainly this periodicity of n pi Let's make n zero now So just t goes to pi over two and as you can see clearly the red graph goes up to Positive infinity on the y-axis. So certainly infinity is not in number So you can't say that the graph settles on a certain value on the y-axis. It will climb forever Therefore that limit does not exist if I make n one so t goes to pi plus pi over two that's three Pi over two you see that will happen again. The red graph will go up to infinity And you'll also see that approaching that vertical asymptote, which is what we'll call it From left and right hand side. It's either going to be positive infinity from the left Negative infinity from the right for all these vertical asymptotes The arc tangent of T is a beautiful graph though. There you see it Does settle on a value it does not climb forever and ever this is one you can remember certainly That is going to settle get closer and closer and closer for whatever number you have a Larger and larger number value of t as as you try to approach infinity approach infinity It's only going to settle on pi over two. So that's a beautiful one to remember usually with these Transcendental functions, it's difficult to solve some of them and we're going to make use of the infamous squeeze theorem or sandwich Sandwich theorem ugly words for something in mathematics, but that's what we have and it's a very easy rule If you look at the three graphs at the bottom right at the bottom You'll see negative t squared That's the red one at the bottom the red one at the top is t squared and somewhere in between we have half t squared And if we look at a certain interval on the t-axis here say from Negative two to positive two that orange line all the y values on that orange line fall between the two red ones There's not one that jumps out Now I can have I'm just wondering you you can have a piecewise defined function Which will say that that orange graph at zero might be ten That doesn't matter Because it will tend to stay between those two So if I take a limit that means where the where the orange graph tends to go They just suddenly squeezed between the other two So if I can work out the limit as t approaches zero of the top red one And I can work out the limit as t approaches zero of the bottom red one That'll be exactly the same as the limit as t approaches zero of the orange graph. That's all that's going on there So let's have a look at this g of t is our red one now wiggling up and down up and down up and down It's t squared Times sine of one over t. What happens is t approaches zero if I were just to plug in zero there I'm gonna have zero times the sine of one over zero. That's just not on That's just not on but I see that it is constrained from the top and the bottom We have the blue graph there t squared the red graph negative t squared We can certainly work out that the limit as t approaches zero of those two is zero Therefore the limit of t squared times sine of one over t will also be zero Now the thing that you're going to encounter a lot in the transcendental functions are the piecewise to find transcendental functions Here we have the limit as t approaches zero of t squared plus two times the cosine of t plus two when t is less than zero so look on your t-axis To the left of y equals zero Or t equals zero I should say there's our rate graph So as we approach t equals zero from the left We're dealing with the top of top part of the piecewise function the red graph there and at the bottom We approaching it from the right and we can clearly see in this piecewise to find functions the left hand side and the right hand side Are not equal if you just were to plug in zero into the values there you're gonna see From the left hand side, it's four from the right hand side. It's negative three So this limit does not exist. There's a left-hand limit. There's a right-hand limit, but they are not the same One interesting limit to memorize you'll see it all over the show probably in your tests in your exams The limit is t approaches zero of sine t over t and that's just one you can clearly see on the red graph That's one one way the only way that we have to solve that now because we have to plug it in between zero over zero I said in chapter eight We're gonna look at another way to solve this problem But for now we can one of the techniques that we can do is just plug in values closer Make t closer and closer and closer to zero and you can clearly see the f of t Tries then which a sine of t over t Tries to go to one you can clearly see that in the two tables at the bottom So the sine of t over t is one is a beautiful other way to solve that But you can just memorize the fact that the sine of t over t equals one the same goes for t over the sine of t The limit there is t approaches zero is also going to be one and you can see in the red graph there clearly it's one Last problem here the limit is t approaches zero of sine squared of t over t squared We make use of our limit laws We see that sine squared t over t squared can be written as sine over t times sine over t Limit laws as far as the product of two functions are concerned. So I'm doing the two limits separately I know that the limit is t approaches zero of the sine of t over t is one So this is going to be one times one and the solution is one So there you go the basics of transcendental functions and limits


Stories and content in Weird Darkness can be disturbing for some listeners and is intended for mature audiences only. Parental discretion is strongly advised. It was a cold day in June. I hurried home after my shopping, which had left my spirit high and wallet empty. It was dark. The shadows overlaying each other as I drove down my street into the driveway. It was chilly and I was very hungry, having resisted the junk food and ice cream stores on the way home. Somehow the mounting hunger made me irritable on the way home. Just as I stepped out of the car, a sudden dazzle hit my eye. The torrent of light had capsized upon the house and I felt the glow of a thousand suns cascading upon me.  I dropped the shopping tote bags around me and shielded my eyes from the deluge. I stood still, panic-stricken. Looking up, I saw a fascinating sight. Once the bright flash had gone, there, crashed in the field opposite my house, was a UFO. It was an exact replica of the ones in comic books and fiction movies so I couldn't possibly have mistaken it for anything else. And sure enough, my eyes wandered around the craft to see if any aliens emerged. At the same instant, I felt a tug at my pants leg. I was wonderstruck at the sight of an alien, very humanoid in appearance, and of course he was sea-green as they were always portrayed, and he stood there with his strange, enormous eyes straining to see me, eyelids fluttering as though he were myopic. His eyes were watery with rainbow shades floating in them very strangely, and I felt magnetized. He wore what appeared to be a glowing silver metal helmet, but heck, that might have actually been his head for all I knew. The inevitable antenna, like the two tentacles found on the head of a snail, glimmered and shone in fluorescent shades of green and red as though they were traffic lights.   I was somewhat relieved he wasn't scaly, like some of them lizard people from the comic books. I'm not sure where the courage came from, but I found myself nervously speaking out loud. Hello? The alien nodded as though in acknowledgement, but not really. He was constantly nodding, even when I hadn't spoken to him. Since he seemed to be of a congenial temperament, I grew braver and extended my hospitality by asking him if he needed food. He grinned and nodded, but then he was always doing that so I doubted he understood me. I softly tapped him in the stomach to indicate food in belly, but was surprised to find his stomach sounded very metallic though it didn't look it. It was almost a metal drum sound. Unphased, still he repeated the grin and nod. By now I was kind of enjoying this strange encounter, concluding he wasn't harmful, and I really wished to communicate with him. I was afraid he might take off abruptly as it always happened in the movies I'd seen. I tapped his tummy again and said, food? I made a chomping sound as if I was munching away. Grin, nod, grin, nod. Drink, and I made a gulping sound. He stared bewildered, the rainbow hues swirling wildly in his eyes. I was transfixed at the sight, for it was a truly spectacular sight. I picked up a sparkling water I'd picked up while shopping from one of my bags and opened it. I offered this to my alien friend. Grin, nod, grin, nod.  Nothing but grinning and nodding. Words like fridge, lunch, or rice made absolutely no sense to him. When I next tapped his tummy, I heard some static sounds as though he were a goofed up radio. A few beeps followed and the antenna on his metal head flashed tiny lights. I just stood there asking myself if I was having a psychotic episode. Or was it a psychic episode? Have I turned paranormal? The brightly lit UFO appeared to have crashed in the field beyond, and like all the UFOs I'd seen in movies, its lights dimmed, and it just sat there like an enormous dark shadow in the background. A few serial lights flashed on and off to remind us of its presence. I gestured from my friend to come into the house. I took a few steps forward and began climbing the few stairs that led from my driveway to the porch. I was abased and happy to find the alien had grabbed onto one of the tote bag handles as I had lifted them to take them inside. He slid in with me and floated up the stairs. His every move fascinated me. I just had to slow down and watch his every move. I couldn't understand how he mobilized without legs or feet. However, he stopped moving once we were on the porch. He turned himself to face his spacecraft and emanated a few of his beeps and static sounds. I heard a soft crackle from the craft in answer. The alien turned around a full circle, grinning and nodding nonstop, and looked me straight in the eye. Two pinpoints of light, like keen daggers, pierced mine. He then did to me what I had done. He prodded my stomach with his spindly fingers a few times and let off more static sounds. He then turned toward the spacecraft, floated down the three stairs as though he were a spirit and swish, disappeared into the spacecraft. More lights, more beeps, more crackling sounds, a big whoosh, and I was left there on my porch, alone with my thoughts and thoroughly perplexed. Our close encounter had been less than two minutes, but upon his disappearing I found myself feeling his absence. I actually missed him. Her. It. I wandered into my house like a zombie and looked out the window to see a tiny spot twirl and vanish like it always did in my books. That's when I passed out. I woke up later in a hospital bed. My nurse gave me my breakfast, but hunger evaded me. I'd lost all appetite. I asked about my alien. You can imagine what kind of reaction that received. They gave me a pill to make me doze off again.  Everyone was worried because I hadn't eaten for three days. Then four. Then five. Six said someone. Seven said someone else. Eight said my wife loudly. And then I awoke. This time, for real, it was eight in the morning. I'd overslept. And here I was missing an extraterrestrial friend whom in reality I'd never met and never existed. And I still had to go shopping. Welcome, Weirdos. I'm Darren Marlar and this is Weird Darkness. Here you'll find stories of the paranormal, supernatural, legends, lore, crime, conspiracy, mysterious, macabre, unsolved, and unexplained. If you're new here, welcome to the podcast and be sure to subscribe so you don't miss future episodes. If you're already a Weirdo, please share the podcast with others. Doing so helps make it possible for me to keep creating episodes as often as I do. Coming up in this episode, falling in love is a beautiful thing, unless doing so sparks a murder spree. If BJ and Erica had never met, several people would still be alive today. But first, claims of dead aliens being hidden in secret locations are a staple of UFO lore, even in the United Kingdom. But can those stories be believed? We begin there. While listening, be sure to check out the Weird Darkness website. At WeirdDarkness.com, you can sign up for the newsletter to win monthly prizes, find paranormal and horror audiobooks I've narrated, watch old horror movies for free, plus you can visit the Hope in the Darkness page if you're struggling with depression or dark thoughts. You can find all of that and more at WeirdDarkness.com.  Here it comes, my favorite part. Have you ever noticed that when George Bailey is on the bridge, it doesn't start snowing again until after he says, aww man, the power's out? 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Visit FourPatriots.com Slash Weird for the Patriot Power Generator, the Patriot Power Cell CX, and more. That's the number for Patriots.com Slash Weird. A few days ago, we looked at several supposed cases of crashed alien spacecraft and how they probably were not actually extraterrestrial in origin. The article was written by Nick Redfern, and this episode, he's back to tackle the subject of supposed dead extraterrestrials being hidden in the United Kingdom. That was the question put to Nick Redfern in late October 2020 while doing a radio interview. He admits he's probably not the best person to give a positive response on that same question. After all, he's written books on the Roswell Affair of July 1947, one titled, The Roswell UFO Conspiracy, which show why aliens didn't crash on the Foster Ranch, Lincoln County, New Mexico. I'll place a link to that book in the show notes. Up until around 2001, Redfern was a true believer in Roswell. That soon changed, however, and to a significant degree. His view is that if Roswell, the most credible UFO crash case for many, turns out not to have alien origins, then what chance is there for the other lesser credible cases? He says with all assurance, though, that there are claims of dead aliens on ice in well-guarded facilities in the UK, but we need far more than mere claims. Right now, though, that's all we have. I'll begin with a strange story that dates back decades and that involved a famous journalist who died under controversial circumstances. Dorothy Kilgallen was an investigative journalist who died in 1965, when she was doing extensive research into the JFK assassination of November 22, 1963. It's the 1950s we need to focus on, though. While on vacation in 1955, Kilgallen and her husband, Richard Colmar, went on holiday to England. While there, she heard a fantastic story. In Kilgallen's own words, penned at the time, I can report today on a story which is positively spooky, not to mention chilling. British scientists and airmen, after examining the wreckage of one mysterious flying ship, are convinced these strange aerial objects are not optical illusions or Soviet inventions, but are flying saucers which originate on another planet. The source of my information is a British official of Cabinet Rank who prefers to remain unidentified. Kilgallen had more to say. She quoted her source as telling her, we believe, on the basis of our inquiry thus far, that the saucers were staffed by small men, probably under four feet tall. It's frightening, but there's no denying the flying saucers come from another planet. Kilgallen had more. The official quoted scientists as saying a flying ship of this type could not have possibly been constructed on earth. The British government, I learned, is withholding an official report on the flying saucer examination at this time, possibly because it does not wish to frighten the public. When my husband and I arrived here from a brief vacation, I had no premonition that I would be catapulting myself into the controversy over whether flying saucers are real or imaginary. It's important to note that Kilgallen's informant said the alleged aliens that flew the crashed UFO were probably under four feet tall. The word probably implies that even if the UK government did have a crashed saucer, they didn't actually have dead aliens on ice. And that's where the story ends. Aside from the highly controversial Marilyn Monroe Kilgallen and UFO's document that surfaced publicly in the mid-1990s. If you want to see that document, I've linked to it in the show notes. Now, let's take a look at the second case Redfern has on record. I should clarify that he has more than two. The problem is that the additional 12 cases are so vague and of a typical friend of a friend type that they're barely worth addressing. There is however one case, an atorious one to say the least, worth looking at. It all went down quite literally, perhaps, on the night of January 23, 1974, on the Berwyn Mountains, North Wales. Defending on who you ask, what happened was the crash of the UFO and its crew, a secret military experiment, an earthquake that occurred at the same time as a meteor shower or sightings of what have become known in ufology and Fortiana as ghost lights. But what about the dead aliens' angle to all of this? Let's have a look. In 1996, an alleged military whistleblower came forward, claiming that aliens had crashed on the Berwyn Mountains back in January 1974. The pummeled bodies of the dead crew were said to have been secretly rushed to Porton Down, a secure facility in the southwest of England that has worked in the fields of chemical warfare, biological warfare, and hallucinogens for hasty examination and even hastier preservation. As is so typically often the case in such situations, the source of all this shows not to provide his name to the UFO research community of the day. Instead, he preferred to lurk in the darkness, shrouded in mystery and intrigue. He shared his story only with the late Tony Dodd, who was a North Yorkshire police sergeant and UFO investigator in the book Alien Investigator, which I have leaked to in the show notes. Dodd chose to give his talkative soldier the alias of James Prescott, who was said by Dodd to have been long retired from the British Army. There is no doubt that something happened on that night in January 1974, and there is also no doubt that the Prescott story fired up the UK-based UFO research community of that time, 1996. That was the very same time when an X-Files type I Want to Believe fever still had a grip on ufology. You only have to look at the names of all the glossy UFO-themed newsstand magazines that hastily hit the newsstands in that era, such as Alien Encounters, Sightings, UFO Reality, the X-Factor, Enigma, UFO Magazine, and the list goes on. All of those magazines are long gone. I remember very well the debate and controversy surrounding the Prescott claims in the 1990s. Some UFO investigators were intrigued by it. Others were amazed by it. The fact is, though, all that we have now is all we had back then, an unknown source with a faked name and a UFO researcher, the aforementioned Tony Dodd, who stubbornly refused to reveal the name of his informer, even though he could. For some in ufology, that might be enough to make a case. It's not enough for Nick Redfern though, and it shouldn't be enough for you either. Of course, no one can never say for sure there aren't any dead alien bodies hidden away in a well-protected underground bunker below the UK countryside. On the basis of the evidence that we have right now, though, we need way more before we can even come close to making such a definitive statement. Another case dates back to the mid-1960s. Christmas was looming in December 1965 when Juan Kenneth Reese in the early hours of the morning hastily told both the UK Ministry of Defense and the Royal Air Force that he saw a bright, globe-like object descend into a valley near Ruthen, North Wales. Notably, the Royal Air Force's records show that Reese said the light fell at an extremely slow pace, which is particularly intriguing and effectively rules it out as having been a meteorite. Reese watched, amazed the thing for a handful of minutes, then suddenly, and quite out of the blue, it exploded in the valley, leaving nothing behind. The mystery remained exactly that, a mystery. Longtime UFO investigator and author Jenny Randalls told an interesting story in issue 152 of her magazine, Northern UFO News. The time? Some point in 1991. The location? The county of Staffordshire. The source was only referred to by Randalls as ML. He or she said they encountered something that was silvery, only about 10 feet long and not unlike a missile. We might very well suggest that a missile was exactly what it was, perhaps even one that had fallen from a military plane. If that was the case, then there is no doubt that a near calamity like that would have been hastily hidden. Intriguingly, only a day later, a significant depression was found in the immediate area. Like so many cases of the crashed type, this one was not cleared up. Not to the public, at least. Moving on to 1994, it was time for the people of the village of Church Lench near the UK's Cotswolds to encounter something which fell from the skies. Barrel-like was how the locals described the object from the skies. In no time at all, the military had descended on the scene. Not only that, a cordon was put into place, ensuring that no one without clearance had any chance of figuring out what the hell was going on. The UK's Royal Navy was having their share of the investigation, too. In fact, there was more than that. Within the area, there were rumors that the Navy had quickly scooped up the unknown thing and headed off for, well, who knows where? Not us. It should be noted that the 1965 case can be found in the now declassified UFO files that the UK's Ministry of Defense quietly put together for years and that are now in the public domain. Before getting too excited, however, it should be noted that for the Ministry of Defense, the word UFO means literally what it was, something in the sky that had not been identified, not necessarily a flying saucer or an extraterrestrial craft, just some object in the sky that nobody had figured out what it was yet. It's very clear from the available material that the Ministry was not thinking of a Roswell-type affair. Of course, it's all but impossible to say there haven't been any UFO crashes in the UK, and by that I mean the crash of spacecraft from other worlds, but we need to understand that just because the Ministry of Defense had and still has files on UFOs is very different to saying that they had the remains of small creatures with large black eyes from a world far away. It's pretty inevitable that if you have been involved in subjects like UFOs, cryptology, and conspiracy theorizing for a long time as Nick Redfern has, your thoughts, beliefs, and conclusions are going to alter, whether to a mild degree or to a significant degree. For example, had someone said to Nick Redfern when he was 20 that by the time he was in his 30s he would have totally dismissed the theory that aliens crashed outside of Roswell, New Mexico in early July 1947, he would have laughed, or just outright dismissed them. But the fact is he did change his mind. Very much the same goes for his opinion on the Rendlesham Forest UFO landing of December 1980. In early 2020, Redfern wrote a book titled The Rendlesham Forest UFO Conspiracy, which I have linked to in the show notes. It presents a controversial scenario, namely that nothing of an extraterrestrial nature occurred there at all, rather that it was a series of secret military experiments. And now we move on to what Nick Redfern believes is the ultimate example of mind changing in the world of UFOs. It's a story that revolves around a man named Gordon Crichton. For years Crichton was the editor of the once very popular magazine Flying Saucer Review. When he passed away in 2003, none other than the UK's Times newspaper ran an obituary on the man himself. An extract from that same obituary reveals the following. Government service occupied most of the working life of Gordon Crichton, but he perhaps made his greatest mark as an authority on unidentified flying objects. His conviction that extraterrestrials were visiting Earth seemed oddly at variance with the more orthodox worlds of diplomacy and Whitehall. His expertise took him into government research on maps and Oriental and other languages with the permanent committee on geographical names and he spent eight years as an intelligence officer on Russian and Chinese affairs at the Ministry of Defense. It is said that in the intelligence post he worked directly below the secret Whitehall department where the Air Ministry and the RAF were studying information on UFOs. Like so many people who got into the UFO subject in the late 1940s and early 1950s, Crichton strongly believed that the flying saucer phenomenon was the result of visitations to Earth by extraterrestrials from far away worlds. It should be noted however that over time Crichton's views on the overall mystery began to change. By the latter part of the 1970s it was very clear to his colleagues that Crichton was edging away from the extraterrestrial theory and towards something very different. And what might that something be? Well, I am going to tell you. None other than the Middle Eastern Jinn. The late Rosemary Ellen Giley was an acknowledged expert in the field of the Jinn. Her book, The Jinn Connection, is apparently a collector's item as it lists for hundreds of dollars online. I've linked to it in the show notes if you want to take a look. In her book, Rosemary said, In Arabian lore, Jinn are a race of supernaturally empowered beings who have the ability to intervene in the affairs of people. Like the Greek daimons, Jinn are self-propagating and can be either good or evil. They can be conjured in magical rites to perform various tasks and services. A Jini, the singular of Jinn, appears as a wish-granting genie in folktales, such as in the book of 1001 Arabian knights' collection of folktales. Rosemary added, In Western lore, Jinn are sometimes equated with demons, but they are not the same. They are often portrayed as having a demonic-like appearance, but they can also appear in beautiful seductive forms. The Jinn are masterful shapeshifters, and their favorite forms are snakes and black dogs. They also can masquerade as anything, humans, animals, ghosts, cryptids, and other entities such as extraterrestrials, demons, shadow people, fairies, angels, and more. Rosemary offered more on the Jinn. They are born of smokeless fire, which in modern terms could be labeled as plasma. They live very long lives, but they are not immortal. According to some accounts, they live with other supernatural beings in the calf, a mythical range of emerald mountains that encircles the earth. In modern terms, they live in a parallel dimension. For Crichton, all of that amounted to a major change of mind, from aliens to Jinn, and no looking back. When Weird Darkness returns, falling in love is a beautiful thing. Unless doing so sparks a murder spree. If BJ and Erika had never met, several people would still be alive today. That story is up next. Do you keep a journal or diary? If not, maybe you should consider it. It's been shown that journaling can help you reduce stress, help relieve depression, builds self-confidence, it boosts your emotional intelligence, helps with achieving goals, inspires creativity, and more. In fact, my friend, S. N. Lenees has created a Weird Darkness-themed journal just for you. Full of blank pages for you to use as a diary, make notes for class or office meetings, jot down ideas for that novel you want to write. Use it for keeping a mileage long if you travel for business, whatever you want. In fact, she has numerous styles of journals to choose from. Along with the Weird Darkness journal, there is one for dealing with grief, for teachers' notes, for medical residencies, keeping track of your meds or health routine, and several others. Journals make a great gift for others, but it's also a great gift for yourself and your own mental health. No matter what you might want a journal for, my friend Anne has it. And you can see all of our journals, including the one for Weird Darkness, on the sponsors and friends page at WeirdDarkness.com. BJ was a thuggish, violent, ill-tempered bully, while Erika was a highly strong, compulsive, nervous wreck riddled with anxiety. There's an argument made in Phelps' book that if these two had never met, they may never have descended into the chaotic and murderous events that would eventually get them locked up. It would seem that the love that these two had for one another was a ticking time bomb just waiting to explode on the unfortunate souls that they would encounter in their search for the ultimate thrill. It was a week of murder and robbery for this married couple that would ultimately lead to their eventual arrest, trial, and sentencing. Because of the gravity of their crimes, Erika and BJ deserve to rot in their jail cell forever. So it's extremely upsetting to hear that at the time of this recording, there is consideration underway to release BJ from Roxbury Correctional Institution. It all happened within the vacation getaway of Ocean City, Maryland during the summer of 2002, but the seeds of the crime originally go back to when Erika and BJ married in 1998. Both of them were aged 20. It was a whirlwind romance where they married within a few months of first meeting. Erika didn't fit the mold of your typical spree killer. She was an honor student in high school and she was totally infatuated with basketball. An obsessive type of person, Erika was known to spend her entire day practicing her free throws. She was a basketball star at Mary Washington College and one of the brightest in her class. According to M. William Phelps in his book Cruel Death, which I have placed a link to in the show notes, as a kid in Roaring Spring, Erika Grace was well liked and thought of as someone who had been given things others were never going to get. Every opportunity was handed to her. Benjamin Sifrit had graduated training as a Navy SEAL, but was later discharged for bad conduct before he actually managed to become a SEAL. Sifrit had a string of strikes to his name while in the service, including repeatedly being absent without leave, in subordination, and wearing unauthorized insignia. B.J. had a love of Hitler, as described by Erika. He had a swastika tattooed on his chest and Erika had told the police during her interview that they both agreed with Hitler's beliefs. As well as the Nazi obsession, B.J. had a number of other strange or eccentric interests which included a love for exotic snakes, a mutual obsession with Hooters' paraphernalia, stealing as much tat from Hooters as they could whenever they visited the joints. B.J. was a thrill-seeker that was always on the prowl for the ultimate buzz. After all, what is a bigger buzz than murder? B.J. was extremely hot-headed, as shown in his military record, and Erika had issues of codependency, jealousy, and what would appear to be obsessive-compulsive behavior. Erika was easily frazzled when something seemingly small was out of place. But these issues were boiling on the inside. On the outside, the couple appeared to be a fun-loving and happy-go-lucky young couple. They were seemingly two good-looking, intelligent, and athletic Americans that enjoyed drinking, vacations, and partying. And it was this outer appearance that snagged Martha Crutchley and Joshua Ford into their murderous web. They were charmed by what had appeared on the outside, while on the inside, something much, much darker lurked. Two Hearts of Darkness Erika worked hard during early married life. She had her own scrapbook store, which her parents set up for her, and worked her butt off to please B.J. During the early years of their marriage, Erika was infatuated with B.J. The same way she was infatuated with basketball. Erika had an obsessive personality, clinging to whatever she could with a vice-like grip. The warning signs in her husband's psyche were there for any reasonable thinking woman to see, of course, but Erika chose not to see it. B.J. had a swastika tattoo. He had snakes that he named Bonnie and Clyde, Hitler and HIV. He was a frequent drug and alcohol taker, and Erika confided to a friend early in the relationship that she often saw B.J. stealing. Erika had her own disorders, of course. It was said that she had a habit of checking that the upper door was locked nine times, and the lower door was locked twelve times every morning. Erika had spent a great deal of her morning twisting the lock over and over and over again to ensure it was locked. B.J. had picked up on these habits, and would use them against Erika. He would purposely wait for Erika to get to work, and with the intention of ruining her day, while she was at work, B.J. would call and ask, Are you sure you locked the door? I think the door might be open. Maybe the oven is on too. It was surely a case of gaslighting, where B.J. was trying to ensure he had a psychological grip on the fragile and highly strong Erika. As Phelps said about the couple in his book, Erika's hang-ups fueled the passively sinister character stirring in B.J. during the early stages of their marriage. For one, there is no doubt that B.J. Sifrit had a death wish. As Erika drifted further from her friends and parents, B.J. became more abusive towards Erika, targeting her confidence with comments about her weight, her hair, and, according to Erika, purposely molding me into someone that other men would not find attractive. On top of this, B.J. engaged in reckless behavior, including racially antagonizing people that he came into contact with. B.J. was also prone to shooting his 357 Magnum out the window of Erika's ride at the passing road signs. The couple were on a one-way collision course. They were two sticks of dynamite just waiting to go off. It was a thrill killing. Erika had come from a wealthy family, and there was no financial need or desire to kill Joshua and Martha. The only need came from knowing what killing felt like. The night started pleasantly for the vacationers. Ford and Crutchley had met the Sifrits on a bus heading towards Secret's nightclub. Ford had offered to pay for the Sifrits bus fare, and the two couples spent time at a club together drinking all night. The couples went back to the beautiful rented condo in Ocean City, Maryland to talk and carry on partying. The dynamic of the night changed when Erika accused the couple of stealing her purse. The tension seemed to rise and rise within the small complex until B.J. eventually pulled a gun on the couple, asked them to strip naked, and they then retreated into the bathroom, with B.J. locking the door after them. B.J. unloaded the gun into the door and then smashed the door off his hinges. It was horror movie stuff. The death scene was vicious, not just for the actual execution of the friendly and amiable mortgage and insurance brokers, but also because of the rising sense of fear and humiliation they must have felt in the build-up. B.J. allegedly asked them as they stood naked in front of him, do you want to die? As Erika would later explain to prosecutors, she knew from the moment that B.J. started barking orders that the couple were doomed to die. And what did she do about it? Nothing. Joshua was the same as B.J. in one respect, a military man, but that's about as far as it goes. Joshua had traveled as far as Korea, had a black belt in karate and yet never felt the need to flaunt or brag about his toughness. Joshua had tried to ask B.J. why he was doing this and tried to calm the situation down without the need for violence. It was typical of his gentle character. Joshua had been honorably discharged from the military in stark contrast to B.J.'s disgraced exit from the services. What was taking place in that condo was a story of pure evil colliding with two people of genuinely good character, Joshua and Martha. Martha had then grabbed Erika and began pleading for her life, crying that she didn't steal from the siphrets. B.J. locked the couple in the bathroom, pondered on what to do next and then decided to shoot Joshua four times. Martha was then stabbed to death and the bodies were dumped on Rehoboth Beach, Delaware. However, it wasn't as clean as just that. There was more to the tale that doesn't even deserve going into detail. What the couple did to the bodies after death is an aberrant sin to the sanctity of the body, which included acts of cutting, sawing and necrophilia, true depravity. It should again be stressed at this point that these two should never, ever, ever see the light of day for the rest of their natural lives. Clearly still buzzing from the murders, they then went and burglarized a Hooters restaurant, this robbery occurring on the 31st of May, 2002. They were then caught in the act of the robbery and the police were stunned to find they were linked to the recent disappearances of Ford and Crutchley. When police searched Erica's purse, they found the driving licenses belonging to their victims. Erica confessed immediately to the murders and pinned the blame all on BJ as soon as she could, without hesitation. Perhaps more cunning and wiser than Erica, BJ had stayed silent, only disclosing to the police what he felt was necessary. At trial, the two tried to blame each other for the murders. BJ maintained that he was asleep in the car during the murders and was disgusted to stumble upon the horrific scene while conceding that the dismemberment of the bodies was his idea. There was a key witness in this case, however, that would put the nail in the Sifrit coffin. It would appear that another couple had a similar experience in Ocean City with the Sifrits just days after the first murder and were lucky enough to live to tell the tale. It again occurred after a meeting at Secret's Bar. Justin met the couple there. Melissa Selling and Justin Wright described the living nightmare of their night partying with the Sifrits. At the same condo where the first murders took place and just a couple days after the first incident, the new couple were invited back for a nightcap. It just seemed another normal party night in Ocean City for Melissa and Justin at first. While in the bathroom, however, Melissa had noticed the way the door had been taken off the hinges and the small holes in the bathroom door, which she later realized were bullet holes. This and BJ's general hostile demeanor had filled her with a sense of frightened dread and a need to get the hell out of there. Erica then began the hysterics and again claimed that her purse was missing. BJ resorted once again to brandishing his gun and talking of ridding the world of bad people. BJ bragged about the previous murders to Melissa. For some reason, things then just simmered down this time around and BJ went from hot back to cold and began rolling a joint and laughing with Justin. When BJ and Erica went to the bedroom to have sex, Melissa left the party as soon as she could and drove home. Not long later, making her way home, she received a call from Justin and she drove back to pick him up from outside the condo, telling him, I'm not going back up there. It was Melissa's testimony that was vital in convicting the pair. BJ was lucky enough to only receive a conviction for a second degree murder with the eligibility for parole in 2021. The detective on the case, Detective Bernal, has vowed to make sure that BJ serves every day of the 38-year term, stating, I'll be at every parole hearing even if I'm retired. I'll make sure to bring the autopsy pictures. Amazingly, Benjamin Sifrit was acquitted of all charges in the death of Joshua Ford and only received a second degree murder charge for Martha. Erica had a tougher time of it through the courts and was sentenced to life without parole plus 20 years. Erica received a first-degree murder charge for Ford and second degree for Crutchley. It seemed that Erica's willingness to talk to the police in stark contrast to BJ's recalcitrance is what guaranteed that she received the harsher sentencing. Other evidences against Erica included the fact that the murder weapon not only belonged to her but was found in her purse. Erica has exhausted all chances through the court to try to appeal the original sentence, but it is with great sadness to report that Benjamin could be released as early as 2021. It is hoped that publicity back into the case will stop any release for Benjamin Sifrit. Many have tried to support Erica and pay her as a victim of domestic abuse, suffering from Stockholm syndrome. And while there may be some truth to this, there is also the fact that Erica not only tried the same crappy act again on another couple, but she had ample opportunity to stop the first murders and didn't. In the words of Phelps, the evidence, if truly looked upon objectively, points directly to Erica's culpability, responsibility and involvement. And if you look really hard, staying in between the lines of reality, you might even take a stab at saying Erica could have played a larger role in the crime than BJ. And therein lies the potential parallels to Carol and Fugate. BJ and Erica were a couple that thrived on movies like Badlands and California, True Romance and Natural Born Killers. So they decided to live it themselves and now they sit rotting where they belong. After all the thrill-seeking, they now cannot even walk to the market. The greatest thrill they'll get now is their 30 minutes of yard time each day. Long may this remain. The author M. William Phelps, who's written dozens of true crime books, has said this was the toughest case he's had to write about. The sheer depravity of the case is sickening. The couple have now been divorced for 10 years at the time of this recording, thus ending the tainted love story of the Siphrets. Thanks for listening. If you liked the podcast and you haven't already subscribed, be sure to do so now so you don't miss future episodes. And also, please, tell someone else about the podcast. Recommend weird darkness to your friends, family and co-workers who love the paranormal, horror stories or true crime like you do. Every time you share the podcast with someone new, it helps spread the word about the show and a growing audience makes it possible for me to keep creating episodes as often as I do. Plus, telling others about weird darkness also helps get the word out about resources that are available for those who suffer from depression, so please share the podcast with someone today. Do you have a dark tale to tell of your own? Fact or fiction? Click on Tell Your Story on the website and I might use it in a future episode. All stories and weird darkness are purported to be true unless stated otherwise, and you can find source links or links to the authors in the show notes. Our dead extraterrestrials being hidden in the UK was written by Nick Redfern from Mysterious Universe.  And the short fictional story I began the podcast with, The Alien, was originally written by Jayashree Jayapal but re-written for Weird Darkness by Darren Marlar. And now that we're coming out of the dark, I'll leave you with a little light. Proverbs 14 verse 27, The fear of the Lord is a fountain of life, turning a person from the snares of death. And a final thought, if it wasn't hard, everyone would do it. It's the hard that makes it great. Tom Hanks from A League of Their Own. I'm Darren Marlar. Thanks for joining me in the Weird Darkness.