Hey, Psych2Goers, and welcome back to another video. Before we start, we would like to give you a big thanks for all the support that you've given us. Psych2Go's mission is to make psychology and mental health more accessible to everyone. Now, let's begin. Are you extremely afraid of being judged by others? Are you very self-conscious in everyday social situations? Do you avoid meeting new people? These are all trademark signs of social anxiety, which affects approximately 15 million people in the United States alone. Social anxiety disorder is classified as a significant amount of fear, embarrassment, or humiliation in social or performance-based situations. It goes far deeper than mere shyness. Where shyness is more of a personality trait, social anxiety disorder can cause significant disruption of your daily life. Before we begin, we would like to mention that this video is created for educational purposes only and is not intended to substitute a professional diagnosis. If you suspect you may have social anxiety disorder or any mental health condition, we highly advise you to seek help from a qualified mental health professional. With that said, here are nine things that social anxiety makes us do. 1. Repeatedly double-checking the location and time Do you find yourself repeatedly checking your phone to make sure you're in the right place? It can be terrifying for those with social anxiety to arrive late or walk into the wrong room, so double or even triple-checking information is a must. Even if you know you've got the details right, it can bring you peace of mind just to make sure. It may be the difference between walking in with confidence or hesitation. 2. Rehearsing conversations in your head ahead of time While this may be a subconscious practice at first, many people who face social anxiety rehearse things they're going to say before they have the actual conversation. This often begins as imagining future conversations or running through a list of important points to discuss. Some people find it more helpful to physically practice having a conversation as well. That being said, not everyone who rehearses their conversations beforehand necessarily has social anxiety. Memorization and practice are both common tools to aid you in feeling nervous, whether you're anxious about public speaking, talking to a specific person, or being social in general. 3. Avoiding phone calls Even though it's become a bit of a joke among millennials and Gen Zers who prefer to text, avoiding phone calls is actually a fairly common behavior for people with social anxiety. Psychologist Lindsay Sharfstein told Headspace, Anxiety is typical for all of us. It's a universal emotion that we can all relate to. For the most part, we know that individuals are not afraid of phones. They have phones in their office, the IPAC, PERS. What they're typically afraid of is the evaluation or judgment that may happen when they're on a phone. This may be why some people prefer to text instead of talk on the phone. The more distance one can put between themselves and the other person, the more comfortable they generally feel interacting. 4. Baking phone calls Have you ever pretended to be in the middle of a call just to avoid talking to someone, or warn headphones to discourage others from approaching you? Although it's safe to assume that phone calls are not something that people with social anxiety look forward to, making a call can come in handy. It can be a lot easier to act busy rather than face the awkwardness of an unwanted conversation, so this can become a habit of avoidance if you have social anxiety. 5. Constantly worrying about how everyone sees you According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, those with a social anxiety disorder are increasingly concerned about how they are perceived by others. The last thing they want is to come off as awkward, fumbling, or boring. You've likely felt this way at some point throughout your life, whether it's the desire to fit in with friends or making a good impression on a potential employer. With social anxiety, however, this pressure to perform feels constantly heavy and can lead to full-blown panic attacks when in social or performance-based situations. 6. Feeling Lonely Even When You're Surrounded by People People with social anxiety can share this feeling with those who battle depression and other mental illnesses as well. So, unfortunately, a lot of people can relate to this isolating feeling. When social anxiety keeps you from being your true self, it can be difficult to feel included at all. It's frustrating to be close to others, but not be able to connect with them in a comfortable way. If you're struggling to properly communicate and are extremely hesitant to even start a conversation, that adds to your feelings of loneliness, even when you're surrounded by others. 7. Clenching Your Teeth and Other Physical Discomforts Do you feel shaky or light-headed when faced with a social situation? Does your heart rate speed up, or do your hands tremble? The stress that comes with social anxiety can manifest through physical symptoms. Many of the symptoms are signs of nervousness, such as sweating, flushing, and feeling shaky. According to Mayo Clinic, you might also be dealing with muscle tension, feeling that your mind has gone blank, or have trouble catching your breath. 8. Obsessing Over How You Look When you're constantly worried about how others perceive you, you're likely to be concerned with how you look as well. You might have a distorted body image and think that you're less physically attractive. Your thoughts can flip from your hair to your clothes or flaws in your skin, but thinking that it's just all wrong. In an attempt to feel comfortable in your own skin, you might spend an inappropriate amount of time and money on fixing your appearance, such as shopping for better clothes, getting high-end beauty products, or going on diets if you think you're overweight. 9.  In triumph over shyness, conquering social anxiety disorder, Dr. Murray B. Stein and John R. Walker discuss behavior in children called selective mutism. This is when a child speaks and acts normally around select individuals but is completely silent around everyone else or when placed in certain situations. This is a more extreme example, but it shows how those with social anxiety are more likely to relax and open up around people they already know and trust. Do you or anyone you know resonate with any of these points mentioned in this video? If you're concerned about social anxiety disorder, we encourage you to speak with a mental health professional. They can help you overcome any fears or debilitating problems you might have. If you enjoyed watching this video, give us a thumbs up and share it with someone who might find it helpful as well. The studies and references used in this video are listed in the description below. Don't forget to hit the subscribe button for more Psych2Go videos, and as always, thanks for watching, and we'll see you next time.


Fish farmers in Ogun State have been assured of government support and the provision of soft loans, dredging of ponds, and access to good road networks in the state. Speaking to newsmen shortly after the tour, to some fish farm clusters in Ijebu, Ikenne and Ileshe, all in Ogun State, the Commissioner for Agriculture, Honourable Bolu O'Utomo said the government is genuinely engaging fish farmers in order to address food security in the state. He said the state government is committed to increasing the production capacity of fish farmers while looking critically at some of their challenges. The Commissioner for the State said under his Watch the Fish Farming Sector will help open up the economy for job creation, as well as address the challenge of hunger and unemployment. The issue with most fish farmers is the way they have built their ponds. Some of them have built their ponds in areas that are prone to flood, and we are trying to address this issue by involving our Ministry of Environment so that they can perhaps look at ways of dredging those rivers close to the fish clusters, who will also be working with them in decongesting the gutters and the channels in those areas. In the immediate we have been showing that we do trainings for them so that they can follow standard practices and procedures. We have also just recently given a soft loan to a fish cluster, which is a cluster of about 600 fish farmers. The state government, led by a prince, has probably on a gaseous level proved a soft loan of 0% interest rate of 50 million to that particular cluster. We will be looking at replicating such guests in other clusters in weeks or more. Also speaking, some fish farm clusters said some of the challenges confronting fish farmers include access to soft loans, bad road, network amongst others. It is at the visit of officials from the Ministry of Agriculture, it is an indication that the government is committed to fixing their challenges. We are very happy to hear that the government is coming to our aid at this time. Although right from time the government has been trying, but this initiative now, we believe that it will go along with us, so we appreciate it. We have a lot of challenges, but few of these challenges, one is that this is our stream, so it is used to overflow during the rainy season and we have been on it for quite a long time now. The government should come to our aid to help us clear the stream so that the overflow of the river during the rainy season would not occur because that will affect us right from time. Firstly, what the major challenges with the farmers are, we are using our money to do the business and we want the security, not to hesitate in terms of the major river that is where you are, that connected us together here, the way they are doing it in a way that we want them to be doing it for ourselves, and this is very bad, even if we don't get anything from government, if we don't have challenges where we can get lost and at the same time we have good road for our marketers to come, so I think we are okay with that. You get notified about fresh news updates.


Item number SCP-532 Object Class Keter Special Containment Procedures Standard Biohazard Containment Procedures are to be followed for all research samples of SCP-532. Samples are to be kept at a constant temperature of minus 8 degrees Celsius. Any personnel encountering instances of SCP-532 outside of Foundation custody are to evacuate all outdoor areas immediately. And contact Dr. R- Description SCP-532 is a pathogenic bacteria, most similar in composition to Pseudomonas orizohabitans. SCP-532 shows an increased tolerance for low temperatures, showing peak reproductive rates at negative 25 degrees Celsius. The full tolerance range of SCP-532 is approximately negative 52 degrees Celsius to negative 5 degrees Celsius. Furthermore, SCP-532 shows several mechanisms in order to cope with high temperatures. Several small flagella line the cell membrane, allowing SCP-532 to be carried by air currents into the upper stratosphere and lower mesosphere. Due to a lack of energy source, SCP-532 will enter into a state of hibernation, for an indefinite amount of time while in the atmosphere. SCP-532 will leave its hibernating state once it detects warm air currents coming from the troposphere. SCP-532 will then retract several of its flagella and descend into the troposphere. The heat provided by the troposphere generally causes several instances of SCP-532 to turn into a clump, similar in view to a snowflake. If the heat provided by the troposphere is above 0 degrees Celsius, SCP-532 will typically die before reaching the Earth's surface. Instances of SCP-532 reaching any inorganic material or non-exothermic organism will spread their flagella and be carried by air currents back into the upper stratosphere. SCP-532 is coated in a chemical that reacts with the lipids of an exothermic organism's cell membranes to create an endothermic reaction. This simultaneously kills nearby tissue and provides a suitable temperature for SCP-532 to reproduce. Victims of SCP-532 describe this in a similar manner to the cold felt when a snowflake makes contact with human skin. SCP-532 shows a tendency to break down and ingest the dermis, and will not enter the body until the surrounding dermis has been covered. SCP-532 will then enter the bloodstream, causing major damage to the circulatory system due to the freezing and subsequent crystallization of water molecules.  Following the death of a host victim, SCP-532 will migrate back into the upper stratosphere. SCP-532 shows a 98% mortality rate, if left untreated. 100% if SCP-532 is caught on the tongue. Treatment of victims of SCP-532 may be conducted through exposure to water heated to 20 degrees Celsius or more. However, this results in massive tissue damage to affected areas. Extreme cases of SCP-532 infection may require amputation of affected limbs. Lesson complete. If you missed the previous orientation, go watch SCP-531, Paired Brass Guard Cats, right now. More for the complete course, watch this playlist.


Politics, economics, business and technology.  Michelle McCorry breaks down the top stories of the day from the Middle East to the U.S. Weeknights beginning at 7 p.m. Eastern.


Welcome back to Toffy TV, it is road to glory time, FA Cup time as well. We have got Wigan Athletic. They've got Robinson playing for them. Anthony Donaldson, Joe Williams. We've made a few changes. We've brought Sidbie back into the side, but on the right in the field. Tom Davis gets a chance. Carl McLoone is in there with Moise Keen. Nora Charleston giving a load of people a rest. Just a fresh and open lot of football. News on the bench. Ben Ingemi. Dennis Adonair. Anthony Gordon. We're going with the young. We're going with the young. Come on then, let's do it. I've got a chance already. I've got a chance already. Yelly, want to get down? You've got to get down, Yelly. It's Bill Gunters. I mean... You started cold. You started a bit cold. We're going to be in like... We're going to play Man City in the Cup. Kick and... After the ball then. Yes, referee, yes referee. Joe Williams there. Leave him on on Sunday. He's going to be fired up, isn't he? He's going to be fired up. Referee said no more. I mean, that's a book. It's a book. It's a book. Do you want to wake up? No. I'm not going to wake up. He's going to wake up. Kick choice. We're going to wear him. Yes, Sunday. I'm surprised that the referee's allowed that. But generally the referees in the early stages of the Cup are frustrated schoolteachers. Joe, you know. It's OK. Lovely for Michael to get from Moise Keane. That's superb. That's superb. In low from Shiddabee to Moise Keane. What a save! What a save!  That same out.  What a ball that is. I could say the second one. He's got back up great reflexes. Oh my God, visit Rwanda. That's all I'm saying. I feel as though you need to put an angel above them. He said you were going to. Why are we playing this game with the Emirates? I don't know. Is this the neutral ground? They've struck the neutral bang, you think. They've struck it through a new level.  Yes, Tom! Big TD. Open to scoring. Sailing up. So cool. So calm. So composed in the box. Grifin. He's got a ball reverse pass. And that's from David. He's struck his side. Measured. He's given the abs. The bit of abs training. How the... He's got a good ball back on Tom David. Two touches. I mean, the keepers made three wellies. Just couldn't get there then. Oh, he pinched it again. We're going to have taking chances at the back. They either don't respect us or they're just... The Martin is doing it. They're just laughing. He can't get it with his ears. It's like the dinosaurs in Tobacco Park. Life finds a way. Oh, what a take that was. Oh, he's keen. He's like, I'm not overlapping. Yeah, you've got to overlap. It's the runners you've got to be. It's not beans. It is beans. You're not even overlapping. That was an overlap. Did you ask for it? Calvallum fed beans. Look at that. Good strike in the keeper again. This goalie has made four great saves. Literally saves me. Go on, make the run. There you go, beans. It's a flat one. I'm trying to stay away from my bear. Go, go, go. Go, go, go, go, go. That's it. James throw it in. That's it if he's asking about it. Yeah. And it's given. I didn't know whether the flag is going up. No, it hasn't. It's given. It's had a look. And Moise Keane. There you go. It's a great goal. And this is what you want in these kind of tricky games. That second goal, the cushion. Just before half-time. And it's Moise Keane. The ass game is to put it in. Calvallum was offside, but didn't motion towards the ball. He just kept the line brilliantly. He just kept the line brilliantly. We didn't know what's happening. I waited for Martinis to come and save them. Moise Keane. Stabbed it into the net soon enough. Stabbed it into the net soon enough. Come on, Martinis. How can I be proud? I love that. Good old Algaras. Mae no figure out that they've all loved it. Don't get me started on a bit of Titus Bramble. It's Coleman. He's gone. Go on, Benny, on your bike. He's picked the pocket. He's picked the pocket. Into Old Dominic Calvallum. And that's what Bernard can do. Little Benny. 3-0. Ty over, my friends. Over. 3-0. Boom. Estatic. Delirious. Estatic. Stabbed it into stadium. And there's Roves. They're virtual fans, let's be honest. Stabbed it into stadium. Fans projected in. Little Benny picked the pocket. Going to bend it. 3-0. Game over. Beautiful. He knows more happy than anybody else at this stage. Dennis had a nerve. He knows he's getting on in this second half. And he's happy about it. The Refs give a free kick. No. Ghana's limpin. Was it Ghana? Ghana? Joe Ghana? No, it's Pilkins. No, Ghana. G-A-R-N-E-R. It's one of the few times he didn't. He don't see Yri smiling. He's dancing. He misses the little dance. Delirious. Oh, Gerald, make the run. Oh, I mean, people are thrown at home in. Just threw himself at something. It's a fabulous position. Oh, it's going. Do you have Delph on the shelf and Sidibe on the sideboard? Delph on the shelf is brilliant. Leave her at that. Little Fabian Delph moving at me there.  Like a dominator. Let's get the 4th. And let's get Dennis out in here. And I'll get some action.  He is. What if he gets on, he's brilliant. If he knock on on the door, he's brilliant. It's on Dave. He's covered every blade. Classic Dave, he can't get it. Ah, look at that! It's on Dave, he's very best. Oh, Ben, he's on the list. Punching in packs at 3-0. Oh, look at this. There we go. Giving you the chance, that's all we're saying. There he is, Adan Aaron. Look at him. Oh, he's side-flipped up on Adan. Good start, though, for Adan Aaron. He's been patiently waiting on that bench. He's dropping the shoulders. Look at that from me. He's gone by a little bit. Pickford. Again, he's trusting Adan Aaron. Look at this. Adan Aaron lightening up the Emirates. Oh, shame me. I'll play that. I'll play that. Pick the pocket. I've got it wide. Ben Ingemi. The kids are coming on here, and the kids are showing. There's nothing in that tackle, you referee. I'm going to give you all of my tackles. Calvert Loone squeezes it into the pack. It's that man, Adan Aaron. Moise Keane. Adan Aaron will get involved. Adan Aaron wanted to get involved and did. Showing the steel, Adan Aaron.  Antielotti doesn't mind that. A large show in the steel. I mean, I mean. It was a little bit mistime. I've got to say that. I've got to say that. No wigan players were harmed during the making of that challenge. From Dennis Adan Aaron. Good jump there. Michael Keane didn't get there jumping Pickford. Fingertip stung. There's Ben Ingemi. What's with every challenge, referee? You're going after Ben Ingemi. You're going after Ben Ingemi. Listen, they're excited. Excitable young gladsdia.  Hell of a free kick. It's Pilkinson. It's Pilkinson. It is a hell of a free kick, but we've got to ask the referee why he gave the free kick. Nothing in it. Wigan have got themselves a goal. Probably didn't deserve. Ben Ingemi did it. Look at Adan Aaron. No, no. Why did he change it to you? He doesn't like it. He's going to set something else up, is he? He doesn't want a kick, people. That's you just deliberately kicking. Coleman. Oh, Everton has stretched. He's fliting by himself. He won't get anywhere near it. He is furious with himself. Pilkinson. He's already scored. He's got himself a second.  Let's get this fourth. That's a couple of minutes. Get round on. Don has won it. Bernard has got runners right. That's a foul. Just need a bit of him. Quicker there is the leash of the ball. He's leaving. It's gone to Don. He just wants Adan Aaron to make the run. He's clipped it through Adan Aaron. Gordon's coming on back. Adan Aaron. Can you? Can you, son? Gordon smacked him. He's clipped it in. There it is. I mean, I'm saying there it is. It's been in give me. Oh, he struck one. It's been in give me. Good way to finish. Comfortable. Beautiful. We're through. He's not that. He's swapping it. Right, here we go. From FA Cup to Europa League Trabs Van Sport. Are we happy with that kit? What are they wearing? It looks like a blue. That's the goalkeeper. I don't care. I'm happy with that. Again, the media departments have been on commercial. They want to get the avathe out there. It's a beautiful kit. We're in this, and I think we're through. We can relax once we've won this. If we win this, we'll have nine points. So we don't need theoretically probably need one more win or a point won me. It's gone strong. Bit slightly defensive with Gabam coming in and Sadeeby playing ahead of Seamus Coleman. But I think that's good. I think that's good. We've got to be doing that. And Charlotte, who you loved, a polish. Oh, the big lad. We've got to be careful with him. But we can do this. Come on. Right, come on. We've got it. Very brightly trapped in sport. They know. They know that they need the results of it. Seamus has done well. And then gives it away. And there's options. That was full. Borm of day. We've got some shells in the early corner. They're not really filling the box though, are they? That's a very... It's parmach.  They haven't picked the pockets. Good turn out. Straight into the arms of Pickford. A good start in traps in sport there. And Pickford's doing Jordan Pickford things. With Charlotte. Pickford's on my line. Here we go. OK. All right, let's settle here. Settle here. I'm getting me in here. Nice and holdage there for you. Get some early touches on the ball. Good European away performance. Holdage, Steffan, he's done. After the ball again. He sees the run of Luca Dean. Dean, they oppose. And high into the net from Richard Ellison. Get in. 1-0. An early goal again. And that's what Everton have got at the moment. We're in the rhythm. Luca Dean and Richard Ellison. A Wobie just held it up. Waiter for Luca Dean. On the arms. Patience though, holdage. Steffan out. Steffan out with the ball. A Wobie waits, waits. There's the pass. Luca Dean, first time. Charlotte's in the net. Wofa defending, you have to say, from the 27. But Everton have that early goal. Just what he wants it. What we don't normally do, which is just get the game done. We did it in the last game, it's wigging. That was wigging. We were in neutral territory, but there they go again. Excellent play. He gives it away. Alex a Wobie in. Alex a Wobie with a chance. Yes! Alex a Wobie, that's what he can bring. That was okay. Maybe he needs to shorten his air. Cos the finish was definitely okay. He hesitated and this is what Anciolotti's brought. A Wobie racing wanted to keep it to come out. He didn't steady themselves. Place, they passed them 27. I don't know who's asking for offside when you were the one asking with the ball, my friend. There's a Wobie. Skipped on and was there any doubt in your mind when he got here? Yes. 2-0, brilliant star for Everton. Two up inside the open-core of an hour. On the blues. The virtual blues are on the app now. A Wobie wants it again. There's a Wobie again. Was he pulled? Come on. Srapton sport, it started so well and all over the place at the moment. It's John Filipe Gabaman. He's gone back to the front. Look at that for the ball. It's a chance. It's like that. It's sort of bounced and went behind them. The noctaw. Look at that for Gabaman. It's a wonderful pass. You've got it. You've gone a shoot, Benetton. You've gone a shoot from there. It's a great ball. Calvert Llewman. That's not his way. Let it in! Is that an elbow? Oh, let it in! I mean, I'm going to have to see this again. He's come across. That's an elbow. It's an elbow. VR's looked at it. I don't know why they come to that, but they looked at it into the mix. I mean, what you've done there is you've probably assaulted them. No, I'm just going for a tackle. I think there might be an arrest. He'll only tell them to come back. Fable warning, mate. Fables. I'm not sure he touched them to be honest. He comes into his shoo-man wall. It's a deep one yeti. It's a great header. There's a shot. Coleman Clears. Good strike. Traps and sports. Finally coming into the game. I'm just going for the butterfly. Golmes. Well.  Give that. I mean, it was not much in it, but I mean it. Cut them in half. A fable warning. A tap of the ankle by Golmes. It's the free kick. It makes a brilliant stop. Better Jordan. Better from you. It dipped. It's a good shave. It's a good shave in the England number one. To be fair, Jordan. I'm not sure it's a wobie. Into the McRate, at the near portion. It's come out. It's trying to pick the pocket. It's got it. It'll keep his own or clear it. Well done. It's okay. You ask questions. Well done. See how they laugh and then we'll reset. He's done. Well done. Well done. Calvary. He came through the back of Calvary. He came through the back of Calvary. He came through the back of Calvary. Calvary. He's shaking hands. He's rolling the ankle.  What a lucky boy he did. He's sucking. There's no ball. He's got no part of the ball. Played a shot. It's Coleman. It's the first time. It's a good shot. Good off. That's the story of the first half. Come on. A goal in the first 15 able. Do everything you need. Do everything you need. The advancing. J.P. Hello B. In the box.  Lucky Dom. Okay. Play, play, play, play. Go on man. It's in Mitchie. It's Jarlison. He's hit the ball. Calvary is football from everybody concerned. Oh my god. It's Jarlison. He hit him on the ars. He did Nick. Classic moment. Collective shite. It was. You could package that up and sell it a shite. Incredible scenes. Let's not get complacent. Great idea. Great idea. I will pick it. I will play a great run from Jarlison. Calvary in clear with him. Jarlison. Yes, it's game over now. The loam over is out. It's three.  I will give it one of them guns. Machine gun. Great play from Jarlison. Calvary in good such there. It's forward play. Great link up play. It's over play. Sub's made. Great time to make the changes. David Moyes, the steward in the middle there. Quite happy. Look like Sheng Towsham with the suit on next to him as well. Spray on there. I have a well represented here. Doon TV wech. You've got it. It's Mina. She's keen. It's not a cup ball. He's keen. Does he make it a cup ball? He's keen. Look at Jarlison. He's like that. He's going from late. He does going from behind there. Good play from Jarlison. He locked up twice in low. That's a good pair of goalkeepers in the fair. Because it was in. Let's see. Keepers she. Keepers like yes. Got no eyes. Sponsor by intercity but he likes it. Look at Dean. It's into the mix free. Moyes keen. Six yards out. You're expecting to hit the target there. Old games have gone near post. They're in the other way round. Oh. Final five or six minutes. Everton very, very professional here. Back to the front. He's got keen in. That has to be red. Has to be red. Campy. It's a second yellow. Yes referee. He's gone over to Moyes. Keane's troops about to score. Great shot. Art and elbow in the face. These aren't nice. Let's be honest. Wait. Get it. Move it left slightly. Do it half way. Whip it back to the right. Pull back to the right now. Dean. The seal of approval. It's four-nil. The cherry picked out there. And just dropped. Into the cake. Four-nil.  You are right Peter Drory. We are in complete charge. Of this group. Great free kick. It's a flat. Almost a knuckle ball effect. A bit of whip on it as well. Go on Luca. Thumb should have been in the mouth. To the corner. Four-nil away from home. We are powering our way. Through this Europa League. Powering. That's a nice flip. It will be picked up. Quick break Alex. There's a fifth in it. Play, play. This is brilliant. Moise, go on. I've played with Charles in there. I pressed triangle. I pressed triangle and he shot the divi. What a great move. Slow build up. Well in John Philippe Goebbamen. Superb away performance. I pressed triangle and he shot the divi. I pressed triangle. I finished the shot. What a win. Four-nil. Cheap heb. 9 points. Three wins out of three. 1 more win. In my throat. Well a three point. 1 more win will win us the group. That's what we want. Right next time round we'll be playing Norwich City at home. To see if we can stay top of the Premier League. Don't forget to give this video a like. Don't forget to give this video a like, subscribe if you haven't already, we want more great videos and these videos much earlier. Join us on page and the links in the description. We'll see you later.


Hello everyone, I'm John Furrier with the Cube. We are here in San Jose, not San Francisco, San Jose for the NVIDIA GTC24 with Zia's Carvella, with ZK Research, with keynote analysis. Got all the action going on, got trains going by, but nothing more impressive than a packed house at SAP Center. Jensen Wong was giving the keynote, looking more like a Taylor Swift concert. Taylor can't hold her candle to Jensen's awesome performance. Zia, it's great to have you on. Yeah, it's been a couple of weeks since I've been on the Cube. I thought it was interesting how Jensen called it a developer conference, because it is certainly much more than that. In fact, the evolution of GTC has been nice too, because it really was a developer conference for a while, but now it has become the industry AI trade show. It's interesting how that sounds like an HPC event. Everyone's going crazy. It's very Steve Jobs-like on one hand, very cult-like in the coolness of this next generation AI wave, but it also felt like supercomputing built in, so it's like cloud supercomputing. Reinvent meets Apple Developer Conference. Really an incredible momentum. To me, it was a point in history where I think the system's revolution is definitely happening. Well, it's all things accelerated computing, and that's really, I think, the nuance that people miss a lot. AI is just another form of accelerated computing, so is the high performance graphics, so is robotics, computer vision, all those things. It's all wrapped up in AI, but nobody does accelerated computing better than NVIDIA. Let's get into the highlights. Blackwell, as was announced, that replaces Hopper, but Hopper becomes a CPU, the AI super chip, also NV-Link switch, the key ingredient as part of this DGX cloud and system, 120 kilowatts in one rack, and exaplepsis in one rack was Monster. They call it the spine. It's a neural network. I mean, this is the future system. I joked on Twitter. It looks like a data center, and everyone was like, you're wrong. I was only kidding. What's your chip? Well, no, it is a data center. That's in a box. I think one of the interesting aspects of Blackwell is now, what is a GPU? What is a chip? Because it's actually two chips bound together, but then if you NV-Link them together, now you've got multiple ones, and then if you put them in a bigger NV-Link switch, you create a bigger one, and so there's a real blurring going on here about where the chip ends and where the system starts. In fact, I think you really can't differentiate between them anymore. I think AI systems are going to come fast. I call it clustered systems. I think this all started, in my opinion, with AWS. When AWS created that hyperscale performance, Google, Azure followed, Oracle's now trying to follow. The idea of James Hamilton, when he put together those data centers, they really innovate on the network. If you look at what's going on here in these engineered clustered systems, the connection point between GPUs, NV-Link switch, makes it happen. So he said on stage, GPUs talking to each other. This is now a new system, so I think you're starting to see the evolution of not just the GPU, but everything around GPUs plural. Now, GPU racks plural. It's an AI factory they call it. I call it Clustered Systems Superclay. Whatever you want to call it. This has changed. It's a different market. It is, and I think it's becoming more network-centric. It's going to be interesting to see. The tail ones, by Nvidia, are obvious. You just look at the stock price. Who else is going to benefit from this, John? I do think Pure Storage on the storage side. I think Arista on the network side. I think Cisco's got a lot of possible upside as well. And then, of course, Nvidia builds their own networking gear. But the network plays a critical role in AI, and I think that's been an underappreciated aspect of AI, AI systems for really up until now. When I saw Jason on stage, I want to get your reaction to the next comic, because I think this is kind of maybe a key point that's not really being talked about. But I felt very much like that was a reinvent wannabe pitch. Like he's saying, we're the cloud. We're the system. We're the AI factory. In a very much kind of narrative way, Andy Jassy used to talk about Amazon Cloud. Jensen's not saying he's going to be an Amazon wannabe, but it's the same narrative. It's the same movie. We've seen that before. Do you see that same thing on there? Because look at Michael Dell's out there in the audience, all these hardware vendors out there, Corwee's out there, and separate cloud could emerge. Yeah, I think the tone of it to me was they are trying to now become the center of this AI universe, right? And then they're going to have this huge ecosystem that surrounds them. And frankly, when you look at the Expo Hall, it's already become that way. But I think along with that becomes the responsibility to become a little more visionary. And so when you think back to those early Andy Jassy keynotes, and certainly every Steve Jobs keynote, it wasn't just about product. There was a lot of vision. And I think Jensen's trying to take that role now for AI to be not only the manufacturer of the infrastructure that makes AI, but the visionary to set the direction of where this goes. I think he had a home run with a vision. Big fan of what he's doing. I love his speech. I love what they're doing. I love this AI system. I like how he called it a new category. That's kind of a shot across the bow again to the existing incumbents. But you hear words like AI foundry and the ecosystem names. I mean, I got to say, I mean, that sounds very cloud like to me. You're enabled, not just developers. I mean 1.3 million robotics developers alone. All the systems coming together. There's horsepower is there. Enterprise move combined with the developer chops.  Well, right. They had a joint announcement here, and I think they want to be the enabler of more NVIDIA. I think, let's face it, NVIDIA stuff's not cheap.  And so, unless, if you're not a hyperscaler, I think your path to that largely will be through an Amazon and Google or Microsoft. Now, you could argue that their value gets squeezed a little bit and they all wind up looking the same. But that's where some of the other things that they bring to bear and need to be part of it. Do you think there's a TAN expansion opportunity for NVIDIA without telegraphic to Amazon, any competitive? Because I can see a scenario where NVIDIA can say, I want to partner with Amazon.  I just want to be the AEI cloud. I mean, it's a TAN expansion, isn't it? Oh, yeah, yeah. No, I think the idea here for NVIDIA would be to make sure everybody has access to AI everywhere, whether it's on-prem through their own systems or through the cloud. And the cloud's going to allow them to scale in the countries where they can't reach down to smaller businesses. Even some of the stuff that you're talking about, digital twin, anything that moves. Any system should have a digital twin. Well, if you're a mid-sized bank, you can't go forward to build your own digital twin, but you can buy that out of the Amazon cloud and then use that as a way to rebuild your bank office in the future. Well, here's my notes from the five takeaways from the keynote. One, it's an industry revolution around AI, a whole other way of doing business. Number two, new way how software is going to be built with Generator. That's the Blackwell connection. Software, right in software. Software, right in software. And the new computer will create this new paradigm, this new software. And it's how it's distributed. It's whole NIMS, NVIDIA, Inference, Machines. No, was it NVIDIA, Inference, Machines? Machines, I think, yeah. Machines, yeah. NIMS creates a whole new application. That's the foundry idea. And, of course, robotics, the physical world that converges between digital and physicals here with AI. I don't know if the industry, though, John, has figured out the modernization aspect of AI, because I think NVIDIA has. But I think when it gets down to some of the other companies, you look at the contact center companies, the security companies that are trying to use AI to make their products better. When I talk to them about how they're going to monetize it, they're not really sure. So one thing that concerns me here is from an industry perspective, is people are building AI, spend a lot of money building AI into their products, but they haven't figured out how to make money off it. And if they can't, then we want it with the deflationary effect for everybody but in NVIDIA, and that's ultimately bad for everybody. I mean, it checked all the boxes on all the hype. It had the NIMS, which is the new way to do that, the API for the cloud, they call it. Then they have this thing called the NEMO Retriever, which is really taking advantage of the whole RAG market. Retrieval augmentation generation saying, if you use NVIDIA, we're the home for RAG or retrieving. I love that. It was my pet announcement, pun intended. Of course, DGX Cloud was the key. So this whole AI foundry ecosystem is really built on this, the hype of Retriever, Engine, API for AI. So they're calling the NIMS the API for AI. Yeah, historically they use the APIs, but this is, I think, an easier way to do it. All right, final point. What do you expect for the week? We're going to be all week. We'll see you around. Dave's coming in tomorrow. This is just Monday. What are you expecting to see if that's the week? It's a partner announcement. Now that NVIDIA has released all of theirs, and so I think Jensen talked about some on stage, Cohesity, Amazon, Microsoft, Google, but I expect to see a lot more. One of the aspects I'd like to see more of it is show sustainability. I think NVIDIA, maybe unfairly, gets beat up because the GPUs use a lot more power than traditional CPUs, but there is an argument to be made though that the more GPU-enabled systems you have, the less CPU-enabled systems you have, which brings down the overall cost of cooling and power. And so I think, but he alluded to that on stage, but I would like to see NVIDIA hit the sustainability point a lot harder. Jensen, good to see you. We'll check in with you later, Analyst Angle later on the show. I'm John Furrier with theCUBE. You're watching theCUBE. More coverage, stay with us. Go to thecube.net, siliconangle.com, we'll be on Twitter, LinkedIn, all the channels. Look for us here, and let's go inside. As always, great being here.


A horse with a speed of light, a cloud of dust, and a hearty hyo silver! The lone Ranger! With his faithful Indian companion, Toto, the daring and resourceful Masked Rider of the Plains led the fight for law and order in the early western United States. Nowhere in the pages of history can one find a greater champion of justice. Return with us now to those thrilling days of yesteryear. From out of the past come the thundering hoofbeats of the Great Horse Silver! The lone Ranger rides again! A valley town of fair view in the heart of Colorado's gold mining area was stifling hot at high noon. People remained indoors as much as possible, and in the Sheriff's office, a deputy sat half asleep until Sheriff Matt Neely entered. Tarnation? Oh, Sheriff, I wasn't asleep, but you startled me the way you came in. I'd be more than startled when you see this. What is it? A letter? Yes. I just picked it up at the post office. It came from Cheyenne, Wyoming on this morning's stage. Cheyenne, huh? What's so startling about it? You've had other letters from the Cheyenne Marshal? Marshall Green's a friend of yours. This letter's not from Marshall Green. It's from the lone Ranger. The lone Ranger? I didn't know you knew him, Sheriff. I don't. Why'd he write to you then? He says the bank here in fair view is going to be robbed. How does he know? Well, he didn't say, but he seems to know all about it. According to this letter, a crook by the name of Dyle Durkin plans to clean out the bank on the 15th of this month. Dyle Durkin? I never heard of him. The lone Ranger sent this handbill with the letter. It tells all about Dyle Durkin. He's wanted by the law for a dozen bank jobs and a couple of murders. Where? North of here in Cheyenne, other places in Wyoming. Seems he can open almost any safe. He has a way of working the combination. I've heard that some crooks could do that. Let's see that handbill, Sheriff. Here you are. Did you tell Bank of Comedy about this? Not yet. There's two weeks before the 15th. I want to do some checking before I worry Mr. Comedy about it. This handbill gives a full description of Dyle Durkin. I noticed that.  It says he smokes cigars. I'll read the description. You can rob the bank without coming to fear of you. Well, hardly. All we've got to do is watch for him and if he comes here, arrest him and turn him over to your friend Marshall Green in Cheyenne. That's what I plan to do. But in the meantime, I'm going to ride to Cheyenne, have a talk with Jim Green. He probably knows more about Dyle Durkin than that handbill tells. It's a long ride to Cheyenne. Two days on a good horse. When are you going? I'll start first thing in the morning. Meanwhile, don't say anything about this to Bank of Comedy. He ought to know about it, Sheriff. A few days after receiving the letter of warning, Sheriff Matt Neely visited his friend Marshall Green in Cheyenne. After welcoming the Sheriff, the Marshall read the letter carefully, then said, I'll tell you, Matt, there's no accountant for the way the Lone Ranger learns things like this.  Well, I've talked to him a few times. In fact, he was here in Cheyenne last week. He came to my house late at night to ask if I knew what kind of cigars Dyle Durkin smokes. Why? Well, he and Tonto's been following the trail for some time. They'd picked up several half-smoked cigars. Oh? The Lone Ranger showed them to him. They were the same brand as the one that we found near the safe after Durkin robbed the Cheyenne bank. Then the Lone Ranger must be on Durkin's trail. That afternoon, while the Sheriff rode south on the return trip to Fairview, the Lone Ranger and Tonto guided their horses through the Laramie Mountains, about 30 miles west of Cheyenne. They traveled slowly, following hoof marks that were barely discernible, until the mask man suddenly drew rain and said... Oh, Silver, whoa, right in, Tonto. What's going on, fella? Easy. Oh, look, easy. There's another cigar. You hear that? Yes. There's a horse just ahead of us around the bend. Easy city, big fella. Come on, Silver! Silver leaped ahead like an arrow from a bow. The Lone Ranger rounded the bend well in advance of Tonto and at last, after many days of following the trail, saw Dyle Durkin. The outlaw looked over his shoulder, recognized the masked man, and spurred his horse cruelly. While riding at breakneck speed, Durkin opened fire. Come on, Silver! The Lone Ranger leaned low and kept his guns holstered. Durkin fired again in desperation as the big white stallion gained rapidly. Keep firing, Durkin. Two more shots will empty your gun.  One more, Durkin! Durkin knew his freedom depended on the last shot in his gun and held his fire. Each second brought the Lone Ranger closer. He was within ten yards of the outlaw and a moment later, less than five yards separated the straining horses. This is the end, Durkin. Durkin looked back, his face livid with rage.  As Durkin leveled his gun for another shot, the Lone Ranger fired. Durkin's gun was smashed by the masked man's bullet. Now we're closing. Come on, Silver! An added burst of speed brought Silver alongside the outlaw's horse. We need to shoot! Hold your fire! Hold your fire! Hold your fire! My hands are up. What are you going to do with me? I'm going to turn you over to Marshall Green in Cheyenne. It was after dark when Marshall Green took charge of Durkin, locked him in a cell, then joined the masked man and Tonto as they prepared to mount their horses behind the jail. Well, once more I'm indebted to you and so is the bank for the recovery of the cash dialed Durkin stole. All but a hundred dollars if it was in his saddlebags. I'm glad to hear that. Now, with all that cash in his possession, I can't see why Durkin was planning another bank job. Was he planning another? Why, sure, the one in Fairview. You know about that one. Oh, I don't, Marshall. You must know about it. You wrote and told Sheriff Neely that Durkin planned to rob the Fairview Bank on the 15th of this month. I saw the letter. A letter I wrote? Yes. Sheriff Neely's a friend of mine. He was here in Cheyenne today with the letter signed by the Lone Ranger. Oh, I didn't write it. I'd like to know who did. So would I. And I'm going to try to find out. Well, let me know if there's anything I can do to help you. I'd appreciate it if you'd keep secret the fact that Durkin's in jail. At least don't tell Sheriff Neely. Right. Adios. Adios. Let's go, Tonto. Let's go, Tonto. Let's go. A few days later, the Lone Ranger and Tonto camped in a woods near Fairview. And each day after that, Tonto went into town. He remained as unobtrusive as the other Indians in the community. He spent most of his time seated on the steps of the Sheriff's office. While pretending to doze, he remained alert, but heard nothing of importance. Meanwhile, John Carmody, the banker, rode out of town one evening. He traveled by a devious route to a small cabin. Ho, ho, there, ho. Dismounting, he entered without knocking and was greeted by a short, heavily built man. Evening, Carmody. Hello, Benny. Is everything set for the bank robbery? It is, as far as I'm concerned. How about you? Do you have the gray-haired wig? Yeah. I really looked like an old man with that thing on my head. We'll carry out the plans just as we made them. You arrive in Fairview by stagecoach on the 14th. Posen as your Uncle Ben. Right. And I'll leave the small safe in the bank unlocked. And the $2,000 in paper money you'll be there waiting for you. Carmody, I want more money. You want... More? Yeah. You've stolen around 20,000. By letting me steal two, you'll be able to report a loss of 22 and you'll be in the clear. Oh, but we, we, we agreed on 2,000. That was before I learned the bank examiners were due to show up in a couple of weeks. You're in a bad spot, Carmody. Unless you can cover what you stole, you'll lose everything. And you'll go to jail besides... Oh, but Ben, you're not taking any risk. Dyle Durgan will be blamed for the robbery and... My price is 5,000. Pay it or go to jail for embezzlement. Well, I... I'll pay. You're smart. Where will the law be on the night of the robbery? 15 miles from town at a place known as Tall Pine. He'll go there expecting to meet the Lone Ranger. I suppose you've written another letter for him and signed it the Lone Ranger. Yes, yes, here. Here it is, Benny. I'll mail it. I mailed the last one in Cheyenne. Where'll I mail this one? In Boone City, where you'll board the stagecoach. I wanted to arrive with a mail on the stage that brings you. It was a smart idea to make it look like Dyle Durgan is going to rob the bank. Oh, I... I got the idea when I saw the handbill about Durgan. It was mighty smart. If you try to make the robbery look like the work of an ordinary crook, you'd have had to blow open the safe. Yes, I'm aware of that. Well, now, Ben, I think everything is set. I'll be looking for you on the 14th. Right, Carmine.  Oh! Each evening, Tonto reported to the Lone Ranger in the camp near Fairview, and each day found the Indian in his familiar place on the steps of the sheriff's office. He was there on the afternoon of the 14th, when Banker Carmody came to call on Sheriff Neely. Oh, move aside, Indian! Move aside! I don't know why you redskins have to clutter up the town. Good afternoon, Sheriff. Good afternoon, Banker. Through an open front window, Tonto heard the banker and the sheriff speaking. Yes, sit down, Banker Carmody. Thank you, thank you. Have you had any further word about that bank robber? No, I sort of expected I'd hear more from the Lone Ranger before now, but I haven't. I trust you're keeping a sharp watch on all strangers who come to Fairview? Well, there haven't been any strangers, Mr. Carmody. Of course, Indians come and go, but... Dile Durkin might disguise himself as an Indian. Well, if I see a tall, lean redskin, you can bet I'll make sure he's not Durkin in disguise. Hey, Sheriff, the stagecoach is coming. I'll be right with you, Deputy. I'll be at the station. Maybe Durkin will be on that stage. I'll go to the station with you, Sheriff. I'm expecting my uncle on the stagecoach. Is that so? Yes, he... He's a mighty, lively man for his age. On his way to the west coast to visit another relative. He travels a lot. Well, I'll strap on my gun before we go to the station. How long, young? Could be in town. Only until tomorrow. He'll stay with me tonight while the stage lay his over and continue west on the stage tomorrow. Well, let's go. Toto joined the group gathered on the station platform to watch the arriving stagecoach. He saw the driver toss down a small packet of mail and heard the deputy sheriff say... I'll go into the office, Sheriff, and see if any of that mail's for us. All right, Hank. There was just one passenger aboard the stagecoach, a short, heavily built man to whom banker Carmody called... Oh, Uncle Ben, hello there. Hi, nephew. Here, let me help you out of the stage. How was the trip? I'm seen worse. Sheriff, this is my Uncle Ben, Carmody. Howdy. Welcome to Fairview. Thanks, thanks. Glad to know you, Sheriff. Here's your bag, Mr. Carmody. Thanks, driver. I'll take it. What time do you leave here? Six o'clock tomorrow morning. I'll be on hand. Don't leave without me. I'll be looking for you. Uncle Ben, why don't you stay in Fairview for a while? There'll be another westbound stage next week. No, thanks, nephew. I hangar to reach the coast as soon as possible. Now let's go to your place. Right across the street next door, to the bank. See you later, Sheriff. Right. So long, Sheriff. Hey, Sheriff. Oh, yes, Hank. Any mail for me? Here, one letter. It's from Boone City. Wonder who it's from. I don't know anyone in Boone City. Neither do I. Hank, it's signed the same as that other letter. It's from the Lone Ranger. The curtain falls on the first act of our Lone Ranger adventure. Before the next exciting scenes, please permit us to pause for just a few moments. As the Sheriff read the letters, signed the Lone Ranger. He lowered his voice. But Tatto, by shifting his position slightly, could hear the lawman saying, He says, I'll help you set a trap to catch Dyle Durkin. If you meet me at 11 o'clock on the night of the 14th at Tall Pine. What? The 14th? That's tonight. That's right. Are you going to Tall Pine? You bet I am. Early that evening, Tatto joined the Lone Ranger in camp and told about the arrival of the man from the east and the Sheriff's receipt of the second fraudulent letter. The Lone Ranger listened carefully, then said, Do you know if the Sheriff plans to go to Tall Pine tonight? Ah, him tell Deputy, him go. We'll be there early, Tatto. Maybe we'll find the man who's writing letters and signing them the Lone Ranger. The familiar landmark known as Tall Pine rose from the top of a hill. Near the base of the old tree, a number of big boulders provided concealment for the Lone Ranger, Tatto, and their horses. The mask man and the Indian waited over an hour in the darkness. Then, at 11 o'clock, they heard a horse approaching. Subby. Yes? Someone come. It's too dark to see whether it's the Sheriff or someone else. It's bad. They're no moon tonight. A jealous voice. Stay here with the horses, Tatto. I'll talk to him. All right. Well, Sheriff, I'm waiting for you. You were behind that rock? Yes. I reckon you're the Lone Ranger. If I'd churned up her, I'd sure have been looking forward to meeting you. I got your letters. Sheriff, I haven't written any letters to you. You haven't? But I got two of them. Say, are you the Lone Ranger? Yes. Well, if you didn't write to me, why are you here? I heard about both of the letters you received. Who came here in the hope of finding out who wrote them. Moreover, I wanted to tell you that Dial Durkin is in the Cheyenne Jail. He is. I wonder why Marshall Green didn't tell me. Did he tell you what the letter said? Yes. I don't savvy. Why would anyone write me letters like that? That's what I'd like to know. If Durkin's in the Cheyenne Jail, he can't very well rob the bank in Fairview. No, but someone else can. Huh? Someone who wants Durkin to be blamed for the robbery. Why, Juniper, that's right. But, hold on. Why did that mysterious letter writer tell you that the letter was in the Cheyenne Jail? I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. Why did that mysterious letter writer tell me to come here tonight? I can think of one good reason. Why? To get you out of town. For what? While the bank is being robbed. Well, if that's what the critter had in mind, he's due for a surprise. I suspected something of that sort and left the deputy on guard. Good. He's patrolling around the bank with orders to keep moving so as he can watch both the back door and the front. Just the same, I'd better get back to town as soon as possible. I don't know, I'll go with you. Bring the horses, Tutto. Ah, that's sick. It's alive. I've heard about your ancient friend. You've seen me plenty of times in the past few days. I have. Well, I don't... Me sit on steps from the office. So you're that ancient? Well, of all... A man never knows. Ready to go, Sheriff? Yes, sir.  Come on, sir! It was long after midnight when the Lone Ranger, Tutto and Sheriff Neely reached Fairview. They turned into one end of the main street and saw a crowd of people with a number of torch lights and lanterns in the street some distance away. Wait, run in! Oh, close the door! There's something's going on. A crowd in front of the bank. That's right. Maybe the robbery. I'm not going there, Sheriff. My mask would cause too many questions. What if the bank's been robbed? I'll stay out of sight behind the buildings. I'll learn what's happened. You better go on alone. What about Tutto? You join the crowd after you're there. Whatever you say. Get up here. Come on. As he rolled, the Sheriff looked back and saw the Lone Ranger guiding his horse toward the rear of the Lone building on the same side of the main street as the bank. Then the Lone Ranger looked ahead. Banker Carmody and the deputy stood in the crowd near the bank door. Seeing the Sheriff, the deputy cried out, Oh, here's the Sheriff now. It's about time. Oh, ho, ho, ho, ho. Well, Neely, where have you been? Steady. I had business out of town. A fine thing. The bank's been robbed. The bank was slugged and Dyle Durkin did it. Now, hold on. It's true, Sheriff. The ordinary pole cat got away with it. How long ago? Less than half an hour ago. I left you on guard, Hague. How did it happen? Stand right at, Sheriff. I don't know. I kept going around the building as you told me to. Checking first the front door, then the bank, and... Lot of good that day. Someone must have crept close behind me somehow and cracked me on the head. I remember seeing stars and the next thing I knew, I was lying on the ground near the back door and the banker was throwing water on me. How'd you find him, Mr. Carmody? Very simple. After my uncle went to bed, I went to the cafe across the street for an hour. As I came out, I noticed a dim light inside the bank. Very cautiously, I unlocked the front door. And then I saw a man crouched in front of the open safe. By the light of a candle placed on the floor, he was putting money into a cloth sack. And Sheriff, he was smoking a cigar. Quiet, Hague. Let Mr. Carmody finish. The thief saw me. Fired once, then ran out the back door, which was wide open. He dropped the cigar. I drew my gun, ran after him. I fired several times, but he got away. He was long-legged and ran like a deer. Which way? Straight to the woods, about 100 yards behind the bank. He had a horse hidden there. I heard him right away. Then near the door, I saw your deputy on the ground. Tied, gagged, and blindfolded. Well, I was slugged from behind, Sheriff. I didn't have a chance. Mr. Carmody, you say the thief's long-legged? Yes, he's a tall, thin man, and he didn't blow open the safe. He unlocked it by dialing the combination. And we found the cigar he was smoking. He must be Dial Durkin. Do you know how much was stolen, Mr. Carmody? The safe held $25,000, and it was cleaned out. Well, I'll go inside and look around. You were warned that Durkin would be here, Sheriff. For the life of me, I can't understand why you didn't stay in town. Later that night, Tonto joined the Lone Ranger in the woods and reported all that Carmody and the deputy had told the sheriff. He finished. Sheriff, look for tracks behind the bank. But night, plenty dark. I saw linings behind the bank, Tonto. Uh-uh. We tried to see tracks with lanterns, but ground plenty hard. From the report, the robbery sounds like Dial Durkin's work. But him in jail? There must be tracks we can follow, Tonto. There's little we can do until dawn. Uh, you tell Sheriff? Yes, tell him we're going to try to follow the tracks of the thief at daybreak. And we'd be glad to have him with us. The stagecoach left town at daybreak with one passenger. And a few minutes later, the sheriff and his deputy joined the Lone Ranger and Tonto at the edge of the woods. I sure hope we can find the tracks of that thief. According to Carmody, he ran here in a straight line from the back door of the bank. That's right. And he had a horse waiting here. Several townsmen hurt him right away. Here are the tracks of the horse. Sure enough. And here, where him run from bank. Yeah, I see the tracks. Ground here in the woods is softer than it is in the open. These footprints were made by low-heeled shoes, such as an easterner might wear. Him plenty heavy, man. Notice the length of his stride. No tall man would take such a short stride. Carmody said he was tall and lean. Then Carmody's eyes were playing tricks. The man who made these footprints is short and heavy. He wore low-heeled shoes. He must have been. That sound like Banker's Uncle Ben. It sure does. You describe him to a T. He's the man we want to talk to. It's too late. He's gone. Gone where? He left town a few minutes ago on the westbound stage. I'm going after him. Easy, Sidney McFlet. Come on, Sidney! Sheriff, look at that mass man travel. Well, don't stand there looking at him. We've got to follow him. Right. Easy, Sidney, boy.  Riding like the wind, the Lone Ranger dashed along the stage trail far in advance of Tonto and the two lomons. Come on, Sidney! A guard riding beside the driver of the stage looked back. Then shouted, We'll be chased by a mass man. An outlaw! Get up there!  I'm trying to shoot, but keep your hands up. We've got nothing worth stealing. It's your passenger I'm after. Easy, Sidney McFlet. Warnred! On the stage! What do you want of me? The money you took from the bank. Who says I took any money? Come on out! Oh, you wait. You'll be jailed for this. The sheriff's on his way. Make your complaints to him. Hey, he's right. Here comes the sheriff and his deputy. And the engine. Let's see how old you really are. Look out! A wig. Hey, the old man. He's not an old man. Why, Warnred? Let's see how much cash you're carrying. Sheriff! Sheriff, this mask man's trying to rob me. I doubt that. What's the idea of a wig? Look at this, Sheriff. Give me that. That's my money. Pray a new paper money. Looks like we've got you for robbing a bank.  My footprints? Yes, your footprints. Oh, that fool in his slick plans. Well, listen, I'm not going to jail. I'll talk. I'll turn state's evidence. I'll tell you where to find the crook who stole four times as much as I did. Get Banker Carmody. He's your real crook. He's the one who wrote letters and signed them, the Lone Ranger. Yes, he stole from the bank and lost the money with bad investments. He hired me to cover for him before the bank examiners came. Well, Sheriff, now it's up to you. Yep. We'll take it from here, Mr. Hello. We'll be on our way. Goodbye. Goodbye. Come on. Get him up, Scout. Sheriff, I thought that ombre was a highwayman. Highwayman? Oh, no, driver. He's the Lone Ranger. This is a feature of the Lone Ranger Incorporated. Created by George W. Trendle, produced by Trendle Campbell Muir Incorporated and directed by Charles D. Livingston. Tonight's drama was written by Fran Stryker. The part of the Lone Ranger is played by Brace...


Welcome to the non-profit show.  We're glad you're here for another episode of the non-profit show. Today we have Chris Bavillac with us. He is director of finance and operations at Chasen & Company to share with you and me and all of us key issues for non-profit startups. We're going to ask Chris to set the tone for that here in just a little bit. But before we do, we want to remind you who we are. Hello to Julia Patrick, who is enjoying a much needed rest this week. So thank you for allowing me to take the reins and the ropes and lead for you today. I'm Jarrett Ransom, non-profit nerd and CEO of the Raven Group. Together, we have produced nearly 900 episodes. And I am so very honored to have the ongoing support from our partners are presenting sponsors, which include Bloomerang, American Non-Profit Academy, Your Part-Time Controller, Non-Profit Thought Leader, Fundraising Academy at National University, Staffing Boutique, Non-Profit Nerd, as well as Non-Profit Tech Talk. Many of these companies truly have been with us throughout this journey of producing 900 episodes, and we are so grateful to have their support. And we also want to remind you that if you missed any of the episodes that I just mentioned, it's OK, we've got you covered, my friends. So you can find us on different platforms. The latest and greatest is you can download the app. So if you're watching us, you can scan the QR code with your smartphone. But you can also still find us on broadcast and podcast platforms. So wherever you stream your entertainment, you can pull up the non-profit show and we're there. And I also want to share with you that our guest, Chris, has been with us before. So you can actually go back and find Chris's previous episode that he's been with us. Again, for those of you watching and listening, I want to reintroduce to you our guest for today, Chris Babalak. And he, again, is Director of Finance and Operations at Chasen & Company.  Thank you very much. Really appreciate the opportunity, 900 episodes. That's really, really amazing. A lot. I'm sure there's tons of great information out there. Lots of great information. Yeah. And thanks for being part of the journey as well. Tell us a little bit about yourself, Chris, and a little bit about Chasen & Company. Sure. My entire career has been working for or with non-profit organizations. I've been with Chasen Company for about seven years now. We provide virtual outsourced accounting services for non-profit organizations. So we have clients and team members all over the country and are really, really enjoy serving this space. I'm really thrilled to be here today because I think it's so important to address what's needed for new non-profits, startup non-profits. And if you're watching today, you're probably in the process of starting a non-profit or you've done some, done so recently. And I just want to say, hats off to you. You have obviously a passion for the common good, a passion for the mission that you're pursuing. And again, as someone who's worked with non-profits my entire career, I know you have a challenging task, but also a task that can be incredibly rewarding and you're to be commended for that. I also know what you're what you're probably focused on these days. It's how to deliver your mission effectively and how to how to serve the people you want to serve, how to attract stakeholders, including board members that are going to help you lead your organization. And probably most importantly, how I find some money to do what I want to do. And that's all incredibly important.  It's not. You've got all those things that I've just mentioned.  It's much easier to build things now and scale them up as you grow than it is to start from scratch. Yeah, several years down the road and try to catch up. Well, Chris, I love that you've laid the groundwork for this. So thank you for doing so because you're right. Oftentimes, organizations are built out of passion, not because they say, you know what, I'm so eager and excited to create an accounting system that's going to work for 501C3. So we have Chasen and Company to help and support us. So tell us a little bit more about these startup and good habits. You have a couple of things listed here. For those of you listening, I'll read them aloud, but it's things like wise resource utilization, informed decisions, compliance and transparency. Dig a little deeper on those. Yeah, and I think I can agree with you and say that no one starts up a nonprofit because I want to do accounting. And in fact, we're pretty darn certain that one of the reasons we exist is because most people do not want to do accounting. I'm very grateful for you.  We have those. We have become a nerd. But anyway, yeah, these are these are some of the benefits that you can derive by starting to build good habits. Now, again, wise resource utilization, you're going to have limited resources as a nonprofit, especially as a startup. So you want to make sure you're using your resources as as effectively and as efficiently as you can and having having some accounting, having some finance procedures in place will help you do that. Also, the data you you keep track of will help you make informed decisions. Your your gut can only take you so far. And sooner or later, you're going to have to really look at data and ask data to help you make the smart decisions that are going to help your your organization become more effective and grow. As a nonprofit, there's lots of compliance that you have to follow. It can be at the federal level, the state level, even the municipal level. If you have funders, they might have compliance that you have to follow. So having your finance and accounting in good order will help you meet those compliance requirements as well. And the last thing I like to talk about is transparency. And we've done a counting on Chasen episode on transparency and blogs on it. So you can look those up, but becoming a transparent organization and learning how to do that early will help build credibility for your organization as you're going out there to to pursue your mission and to raise funds to deliver your I'm sorry, to deliver your mission. It will build credibility. It will help people trust you as well. So becoming transparent is is critical. Absolutely. That's a big thing, too, that I know savvy donors are looking at, you know, how transparent is this organization when it comes to their financials, even their strategic planning, things like that. So starting out with a solid, you know, habit structure, it makes me think of the habit stack, you know, I don't know if you read that book. I think it's James Clear, but it's all about stacking habits and making sure we're doing, you know, the right thing constantly and just building, building up the muscle for that, which also takes us to creating a foundation. And I'm going to say a solid foundation, right? And so within this foundation, you're going to touch on internal controls, the policies and procedures, COA and accounting software, as well as charitable licenses. So what more does this look like? You know, we want to start up and have good habits. And then we really want to create a solid foundation moving forward. Yeah. And these are some of the these are some of the good habits, more specifically. And we're not saying you have to do everything right away. You have to do what your organization requires at the time.  A great example is internal controls.  You are.  First and foremost, it helps to mitigate fraud prevention, which does become a concern of nonprofits as they get a little bit bigger. Internal controls in tandem with policies and procedures then help you to identify errors, to identify problems, again, mitigate risk. And there are things like policies and procedures on budget preparation on how funds are going to be spent, reimbursements, financial reporting, all of these things that will help bring some order to what you do, some pattern and rhythm to what you do, but also make you more effective as an effective as an organization. So again, depending on the size of your organization, you may not have to do a lot right now, but you have to think about it as you involve more people in your organization. So that's internal controls and policies and procedures. The COA or chart of accounts is basically a way of categorizing the revenue and expenses for your organization at the most at the most fundamental level, and it's important because you need to understand what types of revenue you're bringing into an organization. Is it charitable donations? Is it fee for services? Is it member dues? Is it funding? Is it grants? That type that type of thing and the types of expenses? How do you how do you spend your money? Because again, as you grow, that data is going to be important to you to understand your organization and how you can be more effective. Then there's accounting systems and we get asked a lot, when, when do I need an accounting system? And it's I'm sorry, it's an it depends answer. If you don't have a lot of financial activity going on right now, money coming in, money going out, you can probably handle handle your your track information in an Excel workbook. And if you have an Excel workbook with one tab that's for revenue coming in and another tab for revenue going out and you're keeping track of the dates and who it came from and what type of revenue it came in, what came in and same thing on the expense side. That may be all you need right now along with carefully reviewing your bank statements to make sure that that all makes sense and that everything is reported. You can do that for a certain amount of time. But if you are an organization that has multiple sources of revenue or needs to track multiple programs or has have funders and grants, whether they're private foundation, corporate or government, you may want to seriously think about having an accounting system because it's going to get more complex very quickly. And there's going to be reporting requirements involved as well. Well, and there's I think there's a lot to think about when it comes to that chart of accounts and really looking at, you know, I mean, I started my business, honestly, Chris, as a grant writer, right? And so really looking at these are restricted funds for a specific program mostly and so making sure that we account for that properly is really critical in creating a solid foundation for moving forward. So I appreciate the Excel, you know, spreadsheets and looking at, OK, if there's going to be a little bit more complexity, we also want to consider a chart of accounts and a system that's going to work for us. Exactly. And and you want to make sure it's accounting system is set up as a nonprofit accounting system, because we've seen plenty of accounting systems that are set up as for profit for nonprofits. And of course, that's not the kind of credit that doesn't build credibility for you when you take your financial statements onto possible funders. A couple of quick things. Then charitable licenses, if you're going to be raising money in different states, you have to look at what the requirements of those states are as far as registering those states to be able to raise money there. And that becomes more and more prevalent as people are doing things on the internet and crowdfunding and those types of things. So that's something you need to look at if you're raising money. And then audit requirements. Every state has different audit requirements for organizations that are incorporated in their state. So you need to understand what the rules are for your state and at what size are you required to have a review or audit? One final one one additional note to that, though, if you are going out to raise money, particularly from grantors, funders, they may require that you have at least financial statements reviewed by by an audit firm or a full full audit done to be able to to receive money from them. So is there a threshold, a dollar threshold for that that we're looking at? That's what's different in every state. OK, it's always different. Yeah, like, for instance, I believe California is two million dollars in revenue, but Tennessee is five hundred thousand dollars in revenue. OK, so you're right. It really it depends and it's across the gamut. So really knowing our our local community would be would be important here so much to think about. And even my eyes glaze over a little bit.  I'm part of a I want to say it's a Facebook group and it's like accounting for nonprofits only to learn more about it because there is so much to consider when it comes to accounting and because it is not, you know, my zone of genius, I feel like I'm I'm always thirsty for more knowledge here. So share with us some more knowledge when it comes to tracking revenue or maybe even transactions as a whole for having effective reporting. Yeah, it's and this is, you know, I started to touch on this even if you're keeping an Excel spreadsheet or you're keeping an accounting system with a proper chart of accounts and and tracking all of your your revenue and expenses accurately and and carefully, because again, when you when you have a little bit of activity, you can kind of handle it. You can get your head around it. But as you start to get bigger and money maybe comes in multiple ways and in different patterns and expenses go out the door in different time frames and all that, you want to have good data to make make decisions, to make decisions about your nonprofit. And it's absolutely key to be able to track transition transactions accurately to be able to do that into an accounting system that's set up properly again for your for your organization so that you can then generate the types of reports that you need to make decisions. I mentioned earlier that one one case for having an accounting system maybe that you have multiple programs to track. Well, even even some of the most basic accounting systems let you track programs separately so you can understand the revenue and expenses just for each of those individual programs and you can monitor them and know which programs are doing well financially, which programs are not maybe living up to expectations. And you really can't after a while, you can't do that effectively, you know, on an Excel spreadsheet and and and it really does come down to coding, coding your transactions to the natural accounts, meaning where the money came from or what you're spending the money on and to the maybe the different departments or programs that the money is coming in for and the programs. You know, that is being spent on and that again, I'm just going to accentuate and that becomes even more critical of grants because generally a grantor will want you to track very specifically what's happening to their money. Absolutely, down to the penny, you know, and some of it. I always say, you know, if it's a a grant that requires an invoice because it's a reimbursement type of a grant, I I call those a contract. It could still very much fall within the grant, you know, guidelines or, you know, kind of like genre, if you will. But all of it is really to the T and it has to be so perfect. I've worked with many individuals, you know, that that haven't tracked the grant or it gets down to reporting time, Chris, and they say, oh, gosh, we've not even spent this money. Right. And I think how does this happen? Like, I'm always eager to spend money. Right. How do we sit on this cash and and we don't spend it until it's it's kind of like, you know, a fire drill. Do you see this happen? Oh, often. And I've experienced it personally with organizations that I've been involved with.  But a lot of times grants are restricted to a purpose, a program, a time, a time frame and and sometimes organizations just get so engaged in what they're doing and delivering services that they they either don't track or forget to, hey, we were supposed to spend this money on this and we haven't done it yet and it's the grant expires in in a month or two. And that's bad because if you go back to that grantor for money and you can't tell them that you've effectively spent them and they're not going to give you more money. So and and, you know, sometimes you go back with your tail between your legs and you ask for an extension and all that, but you can only do that so many times. So again, all of this and building these good habits is to really presenting yourself as a professional, well-run organization that handles money effectively so that people will give you more of it to fulfill your mission. Yeah, you know, and I see this not just for startup organizations. I've seen it's for some really large multimillion dollar operating budgets. And even for those like the larger organizations, I feel that it's almost too many people involved with not enough transference of knowledge, right? And so like the grant is written, the grants awarded. It's, you know, it's it's tracked. The transaction is tracked in the accounting system. And then it's kind of like we forget about it. And then the program doesn't realize that they need to, you know, spend this money. So there's there's a lot going on. And I just felt necessary. It was, you know, this isn't just for startups. This is for any size organization that that is. Yeah, it really is. I mean, nonprofits, you know, just sort of by definition are trying to do a lot with not enough resources. And so sometimes these things do slip through the cracks or someone doesn't know were you supposed to do that or was I supposed to do that? Or or they're just so busy, they don't get to it, you know? So but but you have to keep your eyes on that because it does affect how people are going to fund you in the future. Yeah. And also back to that transparency that we talked about earlier, it all kind of, you know, rolls in together. So much good insight from you, Chris. And I know we've still got a few more things to touch on. But let's talk about tax returns. We're a tax-exempt industry or sector, if you will. But we still have to do tax returns. Yes, and virtual nonprofits are required to fill out a a tax return. The most common one is the form nine ninety. And there's offshoots of the form nine nineties. You see the nine nineties, the nine ninety and I'll describe those a little bit. There are others like there's one specifically for private foundations and there's some others, but I'm not going to really touch on those. Go to the IRS website if you really want to see everything specifically and confirm what I'm about to tell you. But generally for the nine ninety, if you have receipts of two hundred thousand dollars or more or more or assets of five hundred thousand dollars or more, you have to do the form nine ninety. And to be honest, a form nine ninety is not typically something that anyone can just do and fill out themselves like our own maybe tax returns using using a tax return software. You probably will need some professional help with that, possibly also with the nine ninety easy, which is for organizations that have receipts between fifty and two hundred thousand dollars and assets that are under five hundred thousand dollars. The last one, the nine ninety and that's the most simple. It's just a postcard. There's a couple of lines to fill out. Anyone can do that if you have receipts less than or equal to fifty thousand dollars in a year because you're just getting going. You can do the nine ninety and online very quick and easily and be done with it. Is that the coupon? I remember the term nine ninety coupon being tossed around before. You know, I'm not familiar with the term coupon as much as I would do it as a postcard. It may very well be one in the same thing, but it's just a couple of lines of information and can be done in a few minutes. If it's good financial records, that's right. If you if you've done your startup and your foundational work properly and this is required, right? So like every single organization that is registered with the IRS needs to submit a nine ninety. Yeah, even like I said, even if it's you're very small, it's the nine ninety. And I mean, what what can happen if this if you don't do it after a certain amount of time, they can threaten to revoke your your 501, your 501 nonprofit status. And and they're public. The nine nineties are public. Correct. They are they are in organizations like GuideStar, collect them and make them available to whoever wants to look at them. Charity, Charity Watchdog organizations, look at them. Yeah, every all the information there is is is public information. And they will actually pull, I believe, if I'm telling the story properly, if not, please correct me. But the Charity Watchdog sites, as we so lovingly refer to them, they will pull the nine ninety from the IRS. And so we don't necessarily have to provide the nine ninety. We can. And I know specifically for GuideStar, which is now candid, but they will find it themselves, right? I mean, it's populated from. Oh, yeah, they the the organizations that want them for those purposes will go get them themselves. If someone asks you for your nine ninety, you need to provide it to them. That's that's by law. So so that information is out there. And so a couple of things. We have blogs on Charity Charity Watchdogs out there. And we did a blog on how to use your nine ninety effectively. And we also did a counting on Chasen and how to use your nine ninety effectively to promote your organization. So there's more information out there if you want to see it. Chris, thank you. And I just want to preface. I don't want anyone to leave because we still have some more information to share. But I do want to make sure everyone has heard and seen Chris Babilak, who has joined us today, director of finance as well as operations with Chasen and company Chasen and company.com is where you can find their website. It's C-H-A-Z-I-N. And I just I love that that's spelling and it's non-profit accounting and finance solutions. So please do check them out. And then the little additional nugget of information I would love for you to talk about Chris. Let us know about these video series. It's called Counting on Chasen. Would you tell us a little bit about this? Yeah, it's it's a roughly 30 minute each each video in an interview format, just like we've done today on different non-profit topics. We launched 12 topics last summer. And I think we're launching five more this month. I think it is. And there we've heard that they're very valuable to to non-profit leaders in understanding some of the different nuances of non-profit accounting and finance.  Well, this is fantastic. Again, I owned up to everyone watching accounting is not my zone of genius. So knowing that there are accounting nerds and I of course say this in such a complimentary term, I love nerds that just own up to their zone of genius. So having Chasen on our side is very appreciative and we're so grateful. Chris, this has been a wonderful conversation. Julia and I are so grateful to have Chasen and company joining us today. Chris, thank you particular for joining for the company and representing the amazing company. We also want to say thank you to our partners are presenting sponsors that allow us these opportunities. In fact, unscripted. I like to remind everyone of that because we're really grateful to be able to bring on guests like Chris and have all kinds of conversations coming up on our nine hundredth episode next month. Thank you to our sponsors, which include Blue Merang, American Nonprofit Academy, your part time controller, non-profit thought leader, fundraising academy at National University, staffing boutique, non-profit nerd and non-profit tech talk. These are the companies that have walked with us in this journey. Now, again, coming up on nine hundred episodes, we're in our fourth year and we are so grateful because we have guests, thought leaders just like Chris that have joined us here today from Chasen and company. And as I mentioned, he was on before. So if you're interested, you can share this episode, which will be up on our podcast, our broadcast, as well as our app in just a couple of hours. So if you missed anything or you want to go back and relisten, you can find us on those platforms. And then, of course, if you're interested in finding Chris in his previous episode, you can find him on those platforms as well. Chris, thank you for this honor. It's been it's been wonderful. And I'm so glad to have your wisdom in this arena. Thank you for the opportunity. I enjoyed it. Yeah. Well, as we sign up every episode, I will do the same and remind all of you to stay well so you can do well. Thank you and see you here tomorrow.